Chapter 3 –Formulas [Extra] Page 1

Kwok Tak Seng Catholic Secondary School

F.2 Mathematics
Chapter 3 –Formulas [Extra]

3. 1 Concept of Factorization

Factorize each of the following polynomials. (1 – 28)

1. 9a + 15b [3(3a + 5b)]
2. 16c + 24d [8(2c + 3d)]
3. 20e – 30 [10(2e – 3)]
4. 24f – 6 [6(4f – 1)]
5. 10g2 – 14g [2g(5g – 7)]
2
6. h – h [h(1 – h)]
7. 4k2 + 28ky [4k(k + 7y)]
8. 3mn + 3n2 [3n(m + n)]
9. p2 – 4p3 [p2(1 – 4p)]
10. 18q2r + 30qr2 [6qr(3q + 5r)]
4 2 2
11. –21s – 35s t [–7s2(3s2 + 5t2)]
12. –u3v – 9u5v2 [–u3v(1 + 9u2v)]
13. (u + 2) + 2v(u + 2) [(u + 2)(1 + 2v)]
14. 2pq(3x – y) + 3r(y – 3x) [(3x – y)(2pq – 3r)]
15. 3x + 3y + 3z [3(x + y + z)]
16. 2a + 8b – 6c [2(a + 4b – 3c)]
17. ps – qs + rs [s( p – q + r)]
18. –20tu – 12tv – 32tw [– 4t (5u + 3v + 8w)]
19. 2x3 – 5x2 + 7x [x(2x2 – 5x + 7)]
20. –36y4 – 42y3 + 6y2 [–6y2(6y2 + 7y – 1)]
21. –4x3 + 24x4y – 4x3y2 [– 4x3(x2 – 6xy + y2)]
22. 7x2y2 – 20x2y – 35x2y3 [x2y(7y – 20 – 35y2)]
23. m2x2 + mnxy – mpxy [mx(mx + ny – py)]
24. abc + 9a2b3c4 – 8a4b3c [abc(1 + 9ab2c3 – 8a3b4)]
25. 3(a – 2b)2 – 5c(a – 2b) [(a – 2b)(3a – 6b – 5c)]
26. –3 + x(3 + x) – x [(3 + x)(x – 1)]
27. 5(2p2 + pq) + (2p + q)(q – 3p) [(2p + q)2]
28. 3(su – 4sv)2 – 2s(4tv – tu) [s(u – 4v)(3su – 12sv + 2t)]

Calculate each of the following using the method of factorization. (29 – 32)
29. 526 × 47 + 526 × 53 [52 600]
30. 147 × 136 + 147 × 64 [29 400]
31. 59 × 638 – 49 × 638 [6 380]
32. 1 997 × 825 – 1 947 × 825 [41 250]

3.2 Multiplication and Division of Algebraic Fractions

Simplify each of the following algebraic fractions. (1 – 27)

4 xy 4y
1. [ 7z ]
7 xz
Chapter 3 –Formulas [Extra] Page 2

3a 2 b 3a 2
2. [ b2
]
b3
9 pq 3
3. 2 [ 2p ]
6p q

–15s 2 t 3 –3st
4. [ 4u ] 4
20 st 2 u 4

4x + 6 y 2x + 3y
5. [ 5
]
10

12 z 2 4z
6. [ z – 5]
3z 2 – 15 z
4 x 2 + 7 xy x
7. 2
[y]
4 xy + 7 y

3a 2 – 6 ab 3a
8. [ – 4b ]
8b 2 – 4 ab
8 x – 20 2
9. [– 3x ]
30 x – 12 x 2

(9 x – 8 z) 2 9x – 8z
10. [ 7y
]
63 xy – 56 yz

y3 5 y3
11. 5x × [ z
]
xz
p 4q
12. × [1]
4q p

35 u 2 v 6 27 st 3 21v 5 t
13. × [ u2s2
]
9s 3t 2 5 u4v
2x + 1 6x – 8 2( 2x + 1)
14. × [ 9
]
3x – 4 9

4 x – 14 y 6 xy 2 4y
15. 2
× [– 5 x ]
3x y 35 y – 10 x

3u 2 u
16. ÷ [15uv]
v3 5v 4
1 1 5c 3
17. 6 4
÷ 2 7
[ 12a ] 4
24 a c 10 a c

28a 3b 4 7a 6b 2 16b 2
18. ÷ [ 5a 3
d3
]
15c 2 d 3 12c 2
9 x – 9y xy( x – y )
19. ( x – y ) ÷
2

xy
[ 9
]

7x – 14 8 x 2 – 16 x –7b
20. ÷ [ 8ax ]
ax – 3a 3b – bx

2c d2 4c d
21. × 3 ÷ 2 [ 6x ]
3d x x
x 3y 3 xy 2 21 x 2 z6 3 9

22. ÷ 4
× 3
[ x2 yz ] 4
7 xz 5z 10 y

2 x 2 – 4 xy + 6 xz 2x
23. 2 2
[ yz ]
xyz – 2 y z + 3 yz

6r – 8 s 14 t + 14u 1
24. × [2]
8t + 8u 21r – 28 s
Chapter 3 –Formulas [Extra] Page 3

a2 + b2 5a + 5b 5( a 2 + b 2 )
25. × [ a2b2
]
a + b a 2b 2
2
6 a + 3b 4 ab 24 a + 12ab b2
26. × 2 ÷ [a ] 2
a a – 5a ab – 5b

x 3 + 5 x2 y 2 x 2 + 10 xy 50 y – 10 x –25
27. ÷ × 3 4
[ 8x 2
y3
]
3 x – 15 y 15 y 8x y

3.3 Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Fractions

Simplify each of the following. (1 – 21)

2x x 11x
1. + [ 15 ]
5 3

2 5 9
2. – [ 7t ]
t 7t

a b a2 + b2
3. + [ ab
]
b a

4 5 8d – 5c
4. – [ 6cd
]
3c 6d

1 1 4
5. – [ ( x – 2)( x + 2) ]
x – 2 x + 2

1 1 3( x + 2)
6. + [ ( 2x + 1)( x + 5) ]
2x + 1 x + 5
7 5 x + 29 y
7. – [ ( 4x – 3y )(3x + 2 y )
]
4x – 3 y 3x + 2 y

6 2 14a
8. + [ (a + 3b)(2a – b )
]
a + 3b 2a – b

b 2a 2 a 2 – ab + b 2
9. + [ ( a – 2 b)(3a + b ) ]
a – 2b 3a + b

2 3x + 2
10. 1 + [ 3x
]
3x

4 4 – 15 x
11. – 3 [ 5x
]
5x

a b 2
+ 2ab − b 2
12. +2– [a ab
]
b a

2p +1 p −1 5( p 2 + 2 p − 2)
13. p + 7 + 2 p + 3 [ ( p + 7)( 2p + 3) ]

t +1 1 − 2t −4t 2 + 10t − 1
14. + [ ( 3t − 2)(1 + 2t ) ]
3t − 2 1 + 2t

4x − 1 2x − 3
[ (214x− x −)(3x
6x + 5
2
15. − + 1) ]
2 − x 3x + 1

2 a − 3 6a − 1 −10a − 13
16. − [ ( a + 2)( 3a + 5) ]
a + 2 3a + 5

x 2 + y xy − 3z z 2 − 2 x xy2 z + 3x 2 z 2 − y 2 z 2 + 2xy 2
17. − − [ ]
xyz y2z x2 z 2 x 2 y 2z 2

b 2 a a 2 − 2ab + b 2
18. − + [ ]
a 2 + ab a + b b 2 + ab ab( a + b)
Chapter 3 –Formulas [Extra] Page 4

6 2−m m+3 −2m 2 + 5m + 5

19. + − [ m( m − 1)( m + 1) ]
(m − 1)(m + 1) m 2 − m m + m 2

⎛ 2 ⎞ x 2 + xy + y 2 x−y
⎜1 + y ⎟÷
20. ⎜ x( x + y ) ⎟⎠ ( x + y )( x − y )
[ x
]
⎝

r 2 s 2 + s3 r 2s 2 r+s r 3 − 2r 2 − s
21. ÷ − [ ]
2 2
sr + s (r − 1)(r + 1) rs r2s

3.4 Applications of Formulas

1. Given that y = 360 – x, if x = 70, find y. [y = 290]

2
2. Given that h = (r – 10), if r = 16, find h. [h = 4]
3
3. Given that S = 6y2, if y = 4, find S. [S = 96]
1
4. Given that A = bh, if b = 9 and h = 8, find A. [A = 36]
2
5. Given that P = 2(L + W), if L = 5 and W = 3, find P. [P = 16]
2
6. Given that D = b – 4ac, if a = 2, b = 5 and c = –3, find D. [D = 49]
7. Given that A = P(1 + rt), if P = 500, r = 0.04 and t = 5, find A. [A = 600]
8. Given that v = 180 – 2b, if v = 50, find b. [b = 65]
5
9. Given that C = (F – 32), if C = 100, find F. [F = 212]
9
1
10. Given that K = mv2, if v = 20 and K = 600, find m. [m = 3]
2
1 1 1
11. Given that + = , if u = 10 and f = 15, find v. [v = –30]
u v f
1
12. Given that A = (a + b)h, if b = 8, h = 9 and A = 63, find a. [a = 6]
2
x−a 3 29
13. Given that = r, if a = 5, b = 2 and r = , find x. [x = ]
a −b 4 4

14. A restaurant sells dim sum at $8 for each small dish and $15 for each medium dish. Let the total cost of m
small dishes and n medium dishes be $P.
(a) Give the formula relating P, m and n. [P = 8m + 15n]
(b) The Lam’s family have taken 7 small dishes and 6 medium dishes. How much should they pay?
[$146]
(c) David and Sylvia have taken 4 small dishes and several medium dishes. The total cost is $77. How
many medium dishes have they taken? [3 dishes]

15. When an object falls freely, it takes t seconds to travel a distance of d m. This can be expressed by the
following formula.
1
d= gt2
2
(a) Take g = 9.8. If a shirt falls down from a building, find the distance travelled in 2.5 seconds.
[30.625 m]
(b) Take g = 10. A man dives from a cliff into the sea. If the cliff is 80 m above the water surface, how
long does he take to reach the water surface? [4 seconds]
Chapter 3 –Formulas [Extra] Page 5

3.5 Change of Subject

In each of the following, make the letter in square brackets the subject of the formula. (1 – 14)

2y – 4
1. 3x – 2y + 4 = 0 [x] [x = 3
]

V
2. V = LWH [H] [H = LW
]

m
3. D = [m] [m = DV]
V
PV RT
4. R = [P] [P = V
]
T
a+b
5. m = [b] [b = 2m – a]
2
1 2s – vt
6. s = (u + v)t [u] [u = t
]
2
E – IR
7. E = I(R + r) [r] [r = I
]

T –a + d
8. T = a + (n – 1)d [n] [n = d
]

mg nT
9. T = [m] [m = ]
m+n g– T

2s − a W + 3b W + a
10. W = [s] [s = ]
1 + 3b 2

a y xy
11. −4= [b] [b = ]
x b a − 4x

x 1 1 a 2 − ab
12. = − [x] [x = ]
x−a a b ab + a − b

x 1 ab + a
13. 1 − = [x] [x = a +1
]
x−a x−b
1− y 1− x x −1
14. − =1 [y] [y = ]
1+ y 1+ x x+3

15. A teacher uses the formula

x−m
y = 15( ) + 50
s
to adjust the marks of the students in a mathematics examination. In the formula, x is the mark on the
examination paper, y is the mark to be put on the school report (with full mark 100), and m and s are
constants.
(a) Let m = 40 and s = 10. If Fanny’s mark in the examination is 40, what is the mark on the school report?
[50 marks]
y – 50
(b) (i) Make x be the subject of the above formula. [x = ( 15
) s + m]

(ii) Let m = 45 and s = 12. If Patrick’s mark on the school report is 65, what is the mark on the
examination paper? [57 marks]