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Energy Transition Lecture Slide - UWI - Nov 2022

The document discusses sustainable development, energy transition, and renewable energy. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Sustainable energy relies on renewable sources and energy efficiency. The energy transition involves shifting away from fossil fuels to renewable and decentralized systems to mitigate climate change impacts. Renewables can provide most of the world's electricity by 2050 if policies promote their rapid deployment and use of renewables increases to 65% of electricity by 2030 with over $1 trillion annual investment. Energy efficiency and conservation also have important roles in reducing energy use and emissions cost effectively.

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81 views31 pages

Energy Transition Lecture Slide - UWI - Nov 2022

The document discusses sustainable development, energy transition, and renewable energy. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Sustainable energy relies on renewable sources and energy efficiency. The energy transition involves shifting away from fossil fuels to renewable and decentralized systems to mitigate climate change impacts. Renewables can provide most of the world's electricity by 2050 if policies promote their rapid deployment and use of renewables increases to 65% of electricity by 2030 with over $1 trillion annual investment. Energy efficiency and conservation also have important roles in reducing energy use and emissions cost effectively.

Uploaded by

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Sustainable Development and Energy

Transition

Dr Nathaniel Babajide
Coventry University, UK

02 November 2022
Today’s Session

Ø Sustainable Development

Ø Sustainable Energy & Key Sustainability Issues

Ø Energy Transition - Renewable Energy

Ø Energy Efficiency & Energy Conservation

Ø Policy Instruments & Supporting Mechanisms


Sustainable Development
"Sustainable development is development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.”

World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), 1987

Sustainable development connotes “meeting the


needs of present generations without
jeopardizing the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs”.
European Commission (2016)
Three Pillars of Sustainable Development

Balancing these three pillars is vital to achieving true sustainability


(WCED, 1987)
Sustainable Energy

The provision of energy that meets the needs of the


present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs.

Energy form that allows for Economic, Social and


Environmental sustainability

Sustainable energy sources are most often regarded as


including all renewable sources. It usually also includes
technologies that improve energy efficiency.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY generally relies on


Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Key Sustainability Issues

1. Ability of modern energy to provide energy services


to the poor

2. Implications for agro-industrial development and job


creation

3. Health and gender implications of modern bioenergy

4. Implications for the structure of agriculture

5. Implications for food security


Key Sustainability Issues

6. Implications for Government Budget

7. Implication for Trade, Foreign Exchange Balances,


and Energy Security

8. Impacts on Biodiversity and Natural Resource


Management

9. Implication for Climate Change


Need for Energy Transition – Why?

Energy transition entails shifting away from coal, oil and gas to
renewable, decentralised energy systems
Climate Change – Evidence?

Climate-related: flood, drought, cyclone


• Direct: death, injury, disease
• Indirect: productive resources, social networks
Climate Change – Projected Impacts
Energy Transition – Benefits?

Energy transition as the flip slide of climate change


RE Sources & Applications
Global RE Potentials
Global Renewable Resource Potential (Exajoules a Year)

Source: Goldemberg (2000)


Contribution of RE to TPES
1990 2018

13 761 Mtoe 14 282 Mtoe


Source: IEA, 2019
As of 2018, RE provides 14% of the world’s TPES
RE Growth rate 1990-2018
Average annual growth rates of world renewables supply, 1990-2018
Renewables, efficiency and
electrification dominate energy transition

Reducing emissions by 2050 through six technological avenues

90% of all decarbonisation in 2050 will involve renewable energy through direct
supply of low-cost power, efficiency, electrification, bioenergy with CCS and green
hydrogen.
Despite some progress, the energy transition
is far from being on track to 1.5°C
Tracking progress of key energy system components

Achieving the 2050 target depends on sufficient action by 2030. Radical action is needed to
change the current trajectory. This will require political will and well-targeted policy
packages.
Key milestones and actions for rapid
emission reductions

Ramping up renewables, together with an aggressive energy efficiency strategy, is


the most realistic path toward halving of emissions by 2030.
The decarbonisation of end-uses needs to make much faster progress, with many
solutions provided through electrification, green hydrogen and the direct use of
renewables.
A comprehensive set of policies is needed to achieve the necessary levels of
deployment by 2030 and maximise benefits.
Renewables-based electricity is already
the cheapest power option in most regions

The global weighted average levelised cost of electricity from utility-scale solar
photovoltaic (PV) projects fell by 85% between 2010 and 2020, concentrating solar
power (CSP) by 68%; on-shore wind by 56%, and off-shore wind by 48%.
Renewables could decarbonize 90% of the
power sector by 2050
Renewables will provide 65% of
the total electricity supply by
2030 respectively from over
25% in 2018

Specific policies and measures


such as RE targets, tax
incentives, pricing
mechanisms, among others are
needed to increase the
deployment of renewables

Renewables will necessitate an


annual investment of more
than USD 1 trillion till 2030.
Energy Efficiency – Why?

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY generally


relies on
Renewable Energy + Energy Efficiency

“Renewable energy and energy efficiency measures can potentially


achieve 90% of the required carbon reductions” (IRENA, 2020)
Energy Efficiency

Benefits:

Ø Reduces energy consumption and energy bills

Ø Lowers reliance on external suppliers of oil and gas

Ø Enhances environmental protection

Ø Increases comfort & safety

Ø Increases energy security


Energy Efficiency – Light Bulb Comparison
Energy Conservation: the First Renewable
Ø There are many opportunities for saving energy

Ø It is almost always cheaper to conserve than to


generate.

Ø The UK could reduce it’s energy consumption by 30%-


50% using existing technologies. (MacKay, 2009)

Ø But the bigger the saving the greater the cost


(Beinhocker et al., 2008)
Conserving Heat Energy
Ø Turn Down Heating

ØInsulation

ØControl Infiltration

ØReclaim heat

ØControl Systems, Timers, Thermostats.

ØAdvanced Heating Controls


Conserving Heat Energy
Ø Heavy Curtains

ØWell Fitted blinds

ØFit double or triple glazing

ØSecondary glazing in non


Conserving Electrical Energy (Lighting)
Ø Turn Lights Off
Ø Use Natural Lighting
Ø Use Most Efficient and
Ø Appropriate Light Source
Ø Use Efficient Fittings,
Ø Reflectors
Ø Lighting Controls
Ø Good Lighting Design
Ø Good Maintenance Regimes
Energy Conservation Vs Energy Efficiency
Class Exercise
Classify the following under energy conservation or energy efficiency:

Ø Switching unused devices off at the plug


Ø Turning off lights when leaving the room
Ø Replacing incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescents
Ø Turning down your thermostat
Ø Washing clothes at a lower temperature
Ø Buying electric vehicles
Ø Air-drying clothes instead of using the dryer
Ø Replacing your old boiler
Ø Allowing hot food to cool naturally first before putting it in the fridge
Ø Investing in a shower monitor to know how much hot water you’re using
Re-thinking 100% Renewable
Factors to be considered:

Ø Energy & Economic outlook

Ø Available Energy resources

Ø Social, Economic and environmental benefits

Ø Behavioural/Lifestyle changes

Ø Cost/investment Requirement

Ø Technology (efficiency vs. conservation)

Ø Policy Recommendations
Questions?

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