Scribd
Upload
19 views

Module-1-part2-OLAP Operations

The document discusses various OLAP operations including roll-up, drill-down, slice, dice, and pivot. Roll-up performs aggregation by climbing down concept hierarchies to group data. Drill-down adds more detailed data by stepping down hierarchies or adding dimensions. Slice selects a subset of data by choosing a single member value. Dice selects a subcube using criteria on two or more dimensions. Pivot rotates data axes to provide an alternative presentation.

Uploaded by

Shrimohan Tripathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Module-1-part2-OLAP Operations

The document discusses various OLAP operations including roll-up, drill-down, slice, dice, and pivot. Roll-up performs aggregation by climbing down concept hierarchies to group data. Drill-down adds more detailed data by stepping down hierarchies or adding dimensions. Slice selects a subset of data by choosing a single member value. Dice selects a subcube using criteria on two or more dimensions. Pivot rotates data axes to provide an alternative presentation.

Uploaded by

Shrimohan Tripathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

OLAP Operations in the Multidimensional Data

Model
The example shows data cubes for sales of a shop. The cube contains the dimensions,
location, and time and item, where the location is aggregated with regard to city
values, time is aggregated with respect to quarters, and an item is aggregated with
respect to item types.

Roll-Up/ Drill-up/ Aggregation


performs aggregation on a data cube, by climbing down concept hierarchies, i.e.,
dimension reduction. Roll-up is like zooming-out on the data cubes.

Example
Consider the following cubes illustrating temperature of certain days recorded
weekly:

Temperature 64 65 68 69 70 71 72 75 80 81 83 85

Week1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Week2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0

Consider that we want to set up levels (hot (80-85), mild (70-75), cool (64-69)) in
temperature from the above cubes.

To do this, we have to group column and add up the value according to the concept
hierarchies. This operation is known as a roll-up.

By doing this, we contain the following cube:


Temperature cool mild hot

Week1 2 1 1

Week2 2 1 1

The roll-up operation groups the information by levels of temperature.

The following diagram illustrates how roll-up works.


Drill-Down
The drill-down operation (also called roll-down) is the reverse operation of roll-up.
Drill-down is like zooming-in on the data cube. It navigates from less detailed record to
more detailed data. Drill-down can be performed by either stepping down a concept
hierarchy for a dimension or adding additional dimensions.

Example
Drill-down adds more details to the given data

Temperature cool mild hot

Day 1 0 0 0

Day 2 0 0 0

Day 3 0 0 1

Day 4 0 1 0

Day 5 1 0 0

Day 6 0 0 0

Day 7 1 0 0

Day 8 0 0 0

Day 9 1 0 0

Day 10 0 1 0
Day 11 0 1 0

Day 12 0 1 0

Day 13 0 0 1

Day 14 0 0 0

The following diagram illustrates how Drill-down works.


Slice
A slice is a subset of the cubes corresponding to a single value for one or more
members of the dimension.

For example, if we make the selection, temperature=cool we will obtain the following
cube:

Temperature cool

Day 1 0

Day 2 0

Day 3 0

Day 4 0

Day 5 1

Day 6 1

Day 7 1

Day 8 1

Day 9 1

Day 11 0

Day 12 0
Day 13 0

Day 14 0

The following diagram illustrates how Slice works.

Here Slice is functioning for the dimensions "time" using the criterion time = "Q1".

It will form a new sub-cubes by selecting one or more dimensions.


Dice
The dice operation describes a subcube by operating a selection on two or more
dimension.

For example, Implement the selection (time = day 3 OR time = day 4) AND
(temperature = cool OR temperature = hot) to the original cubes we get the following
subcube (still two-dimensional)

Temperature cool hot

Day 3 0 1

Day 4 0 0

Consider the following diagram, which shows the dice operations.


The dice operation on the cubes based on the following selection criteria involves three
dimensions.

o (location = "Toronto" or "Vancouver")


o (time = "Q1" or "Q2")
o (item =" Mobile" or "Modem")
Pivot
The pivot operation is also called a rotation. Pivot is a visualization operations which
rotates the data axes in view to provide an alternative presentation of the data. It may
contain swapping the rows and columns or moving one of the row-dimensions into the
column dimensions.

Consider the following diagram, which shows the pivot operation.


Other OLAP Operations
executes queries containing more than one fact table. The drill-through operations
make use of relational SQL facilitates to drill through the bottom level of a data cubes
down to its back-end relational tables.

Other OLAP operations may contain ranking the top-N or bottom-N elements in lists,
as well as calculate moving average, growth rates, and interests, internal rates of
returns, depreciation, currency conversions, and statistical tasks.

OLAP offers analytical modeling capabilities, containing a calculation engine for


determining ratios, variance, etc. and for computing measures across various
dimensions. It can generate summarization, aggregation, and hierarchies at each
granularity level and at every dimensions intersection. OLAP also provide functional
models for forecasting, trend analysis, and statistical analysis. In this context, the OLAP
engine is a powerful data analysis tool.

You might also like