18.

02 Practice Exam 2 A – Solutions

Problem 1.
a) �f = (y − 4x3 )ı̂ + xĵ; at P , �f = �−3, 1�.
b) Δw � −3 Δx + Δy.

Problem 2.
dh Δh
� �
a) By measuring, Δh = 100 for Δs � 500, so � � .2.
ds û Δs
b) Q is the northernmost point on the curve h = 2200; the vertical distance between consecutive
∂h Δh −100
level curves is about 1/3 of the given length unit, so � � � −.3.
∂y Δy 1000/3
Problem 3.
f (x, y, z) = x3 y + z 2 = 3 : the normal vector is �f = �3x2 y, x3 , 2z� = �3, −1, 4�. The tangent
plane is 3x − y + 4z = 4.

Problem 4.
a) The volume is xyz = xy(1−x2 −y 2 ) = xy −x3 y −xy 3 . Critical points: fx = y −3x2 y −y 3 = 0,
fy = x − x3 − 3xy 2 = 0.
b) Assuming x > 0 and y > 0, the equations can be rewritten as 1−3x2 −y 2 = 0, 1−x2 −3y 2 = 0.
Solution: x2 = y 2 = 1/4, i.e. (x, y) = (1/2, 1/2).
c) fxx = −6xy = −3/2, fyy = −6xy = −3/2, fxy = 1 − 3x2 − 3y 2 = −1/2. So fxx fyy − fxy
2 > 0,

and fxx < 0, it is a local maximum.

Problem 5.
a) f (x, y, z) = xyz, g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z = 1 : one must solve the Lagrange multiplier
equation �f = λ�g, i.e. yz = 2λx, xz = 2λy, xy = λ, and the constraint equation x2 + y 2 + z = 1.
b) Dividing the first two equations yz = 2λx and xz = 2λy by each other, we get y/x = x/y,
so x2 = y 2 ; since x > 0 and y > 0 we get y = x. Substituting this into the Lagrange multiplier
equations, we get z = 2λ and x2 = λ. Hence z = 2x2 , and the constraint equation becomes 4x2 = 1,
so x = 12 , y = 21 , z = 12 .

Problem 6.
∂w 1 ∂w x
= fu ux + fv vx = y fu + fv . = fu uy + fv vy = x fu − 2 fv .
∂x y ∂y y
Problem 7.
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂x ∂x
� � � � � � � �
Using the chain rule: = = 3x2 y . To find , differentiate the
∂z y ∂x ∂z y ∂z y ∂z y
∂x ∂x
� � � �
relation x2 y + xz 2 = 5 w.r.t. z holding y constant: (2xy + z 2 ) + 2xz = 0, so =
∂z y ∂z y
−2xz ∂w −6x3 yz
� �
. Therefore = . At (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 2) this is equal to −2.
2xy + z 2 ∂z y 2xy + z 2
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18.02SC Multivariable Calculus

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