A Journey From Person To Personality

PERSONA
INSTITUTE
“Persona Practice Booklet & Grammar”
(The best book for learning English)

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Ajay Singh Rajput
(M.A. English, B.Ed)

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For More Enquiry Contact Us: 6264561876, 7354713579, 7024997802

1
 PREFACE

Dear readers,

I want to thank you to select this book. This book entitled “Persona Practice
Booklet & Grammar” has been compiled to fulfill the basic needs of all those students
who feel themselves poor in English and want to improve themselves. I feel really a great
pleasure in presenting this book. For last eight years, I have been working in this field so I
have contributed all my experiences in this composition.

This book has been specially designed for Hindi medium students, who are really
very poor in the basic concepts of language. In the beginning of the book, all the basic
things have been given along with lucid and simple examples, so that students can practise
in the classroom and at home. In the middle of this book Parts of speech have been given
and at last advance things such as proverb, moral stories, synonyms & antonyms and so
on.

I greatly thank to all those people who directly or indirectly have been my
supportive to make this book successful.

Thanks.
AJAY SINGH RAJPUT
(M.A.English, B.Ed)
Contact no. 6264561876

"कम येवािधकार ते
मा फलेषु कदाचन॥"

2
 CONTENTS

S.N. SUBJECT PAGE NO.

PART – A

PRACTICE BOOK
1. To be 4
2. To have 12
3. Tense 20
4. Basic modals 37
PART – B

Basic Spoken English

1. Basic Verbs List 48
2. Rountines 56
3. How to Ask (Part I) 59
4. How to Ask (Part II) 62
5. Preposition 77
6. Spoken Rules 86
7. Some Essential Word 90
PART – C

BASIC GRAMMAR BOOK

1. Article 91
2. Parts of speech
a) Noun 101
b) Gender 103
c) Pronoun 108
d) Adverb 112
e) Adjective 116
f) Digree 122 *
e) Preposition 127
f) Conjunction 138
g) Interjection 141
.
PART – D

ADVANCE WORD POWER FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION

1. Proverbs 150
2. Synonyms 156
3. Antonyms 159
4. Words often confused 163
5. Stories 183

3
 VERBS OF TO BE
1) PRESENT TENSE :- A) AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

[ Subject + is/am/are + Obj.]

1- og esjk vPNk nksLr gSA 5- og eksckby esjk gSA
He is my good friend.
2- os lHkh fdzdsV f[kykMh gSA 6- vaxzsth ,d vPNh “kik gSA

3-rqe ,d le>nkj yM+ds gksA 7- og esjs nksLr dk “kbZ gSA

4- ge lc “kjrh; gSA 8- os vHkh ?kjsyw dkeks es O;Lr gSA

B) NEGATIVE SENTENCES
[Sub.+is/am/are+not+obj.]
1- og esjk vPNk nksLr ugh gSA 5- vaxzsth ,d vPNh Hkkik ugh gSA
He is not my good friend.
2-os lHkh fdzdsV Iys;j ugh gS A 6-vaxzsth ,d varZjkIVzh; Hkkik ugh gSA

3-rqe ,d le>nkj yM+ds ugh gks A 7- ek/kqjh ,d vPNh yM+dh ugh gSA

4- og esjs nksLr dk “kbZ ugh gS A 8- og eksckby esjk ugh gSA

C) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
[Is/am/are+ sub. +obj?]

1-D;k vki ,d MkWDVj gSS\ 5- D;k vkidh eEeh ,d Vhpj gS\

Are you a doctor?
2-D;k og jke dk nksLr gSs\ 6- D;k ;g vkidk gS\

3- D;k jke vkids lkFk O;Lr gSS\ 7- D;k PI ,d izfl} laZLFkk gaS\

4- D;k vki [kaMok es gks\ 8- D;k vkids ikl eksckby gS\S

4
 D) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (WH)
[Wh +Is/am/are + sub. + Obj?]

1- vaxzsth vkidk iaZlnhnk foi; D;ks gSA 6- lksgu ,d vPNk rSjkd D;ks gS\
Why is English your favourite subject?
2- rqe vHkh [kaMok es dgk gks\ 7- vkidk ilanhnk foi; dkSulk gS\

3- rqe vHkh dSls gks\ 8- vkidk ialnhnk jax dkSu lk gS\

4- og bankSj es fdlds lkFk gSa\ 9- vki vkt brus [kq’k D;ks gks\

5- rqe ,d f’k{kd D;ks gks\ 10- rqe vkt brus fpM+fpM+s D;ks gks\

E) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (Who)

[Who+ is/am/are + Obj?]

1- og dkSu gS\ 6- mlds fj’rsnkj dkSu gS \

Who is he?
2- Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h dkSu gS\ 7- ml dejs es dkSu gS\

3.dkSu ,d vPNk bafXy’k Lihdj gS\ 8- mlds lkFk Ldwy es dkSu gS\

4- vkidk vPNk fe= dkSu gS\ 9- rqEgkjs Dykl Vhpj dkSu gS\

5- vkt Dykl es dkSu vuqifLFkr gS\ 10- vkids ?kj es dkSu gS \

5
2. PAST TENSE: - A) AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
[Sub. + was/were + obj.]

1- ,d ckj ,d jktk FkkA 5- gekjs lkFk dy dksbZ FkkA

There was a king.
2- og esjs cpiu dk nksLr FkkA 6- os dy Ldqy es FksA

3- rqe dy ;gk ij Fks A 7- eS ?kj es FkkA

4- ge nks fnu igys bankSj es FksA 8- dy jfookj FkkA

B) NEGATIVE SENTENCES
[Sub. + was/were+ not+ obj.]
1- og dy esjs lkFk ugh FkkA 6- gekjs lkFk dy dksbZ ugh FkkA
He was not with me yesterday.
2- rqe dy ;gk ij ugh FksA 7- os dy Ldqy es ugh FksA

3- ge nks fnu igys bankSj es ugh Fks A 8- eS ?kj es ugh Fkk A

4- og dy vius ?kj ij ugh FkkA 9- jfookj dk fnu ugh FkkA

5- og jk/kk dh dkih ugh FkhaA 10- os nksuks HkkbZ cgu ugh FksA

C) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE (H.V)

[Was/were + s + o?]

1- D;k og ,d MWkDVj Fkk\ 4- D;k ;g mldk isu Fkak\

Was he a doctor?
2- D;k og dy ;gk ij Fkk \ 5- D;k og [kq’k Fkk\
a
3- D;k mlds ikik c<+bZ Fks \ 6 D;k os jke ds ikik eEeh Fks \

6
7- D;k rqe dy jfo ds lkFk Fks \ 9- D;k ml txg dksbZ lh nqdku Fkh \

8- D;k lqfuy ,d i=dkj Fkk \ 10- D;k os mlds HkkbZ Fks \

D) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE [WH.]

[Wh + was/were + s + o?]

1- rqe dy dgkW Fks\ 5- os cxhps es dc rd Fks\

Where were you yesterday?
2- og dy ogkW D;ks Fkk\ 6- og ukjkt D;ks Fks

3-rqe dy dgkW O;Lr Fks\ 7- jke bruh nsj rd dgka Fkk\

4-;g ?kj 2 lky igys fdldk Fkk\ 8- os nksuks HkkbZ cgu dgk Fks\

E) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE [WHO]

[Who + was/were + o?]
1- dkSu dy Nr ij Fkk\ 6- dkSsu cxhps es 12 cts rd Fkk\
Who was on floor yesterday?
2- dkSsu ,d vPNs iz/kkuea=h Fkas \ 7- dkSu ukjkt Fkk\

3- dy +Dykl es dkSu mifLFkr Fkk\ 8- dkSu bruh nsj rd ikVh es aFkk\

4- bl txg ij dkSu Fkk\ 9- dkSu nksuks HkkbZ cgu Fks\

5- bl fQYe es eq[; ik= dkSu Fkk\ 10- dkSu jfookj ds fnu ;gk Fkk\

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 FUTURE TENSE: - A)AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
[Sub. + will +be +obj.]

1- og HkfoI; es ,d vPNk usrk gksxk A 6- eS dy vius nksLrks ds lkFk Ldwy es gksmxkA

He will be good leader in future.
2- eS nks lky ckn xzstq,V gksmxk A 7- og ,d vPNk balku gksxkA

3- og dy esjs lkFk gksxk A 8- ;g ?kj ,d fnu esjk gksxk A

4- rqe ,d vPNs oDrk gksxs A 9- og ,d vPNk MkWDVj gksxsA

5- og nks fnu ckn bl txg ij gksxsA 10- jke ds ikik dy ?kj ij gksxsA

B) NEGATIVE SENTENCES
[Sub. + will +not+be + obj.]
1- og HkfoI; es ,d vPNk usrk ugh gksxk A 5- eS nks lky ckn xzstq,V ugh gksmxkA
He will not be a good leader in future.
2- og dy esjs lkFk ugh gksxkA 6- rqe ,d vPNs oDrk ugh gksxs A

3- os nks fnu ckn bl txg ij ugh gksxsA 7- jke ds ikik dy ?kj ij ugh gksxsA

4- og ,d vPNk MWkDVj ugh gksxk A 8- ;g ?kj ,d fnu esjk ugh gksxkA

C) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
[Will + sub. + be + obj?]
1- D;k og HkfoI; es ,d vPNk usrk gksxk \ 6- D;k eS nks lky ckn xstq,V gksmxk\
Will he be good leader in future?
2- D;k og dy esjs lkFk gksxk \ 7- D;k rqe ,d vPNs oDrk gksxs \

3- D;k og nks fnu ckn bl txg ij gksxs\ 8- D;k jke ds ikik dy ?kj ij gksxs\

8
4- D;k og ,d vPNk MkWDVj gksxk\ 9- D;k ;g ?kj ,d fnu esjk gksxk\

5- D;k og ,d vPNk balku gksxk\ 10-D;k eS nksLrks ds lkFk Ldwy es gksmxk\

D) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
[Wh. +will + sub. + be + obj.?]
1- og HkfoI; es ,d vPNk usrk dc gksxk\ 5-eS nks lky ckn dgWk xzstq,V gksmxk\
When will he be a good leader in future?
2- og dy esjs lkFk dc gksxk \ 6- rqe ,d vPNs oDrk dSls gksxs \

3- og nks fnu ckn fdl txg ij gksxs\ 7- jke ds ikik dy ?kj ij dc gksxs\

4- og ,d vPNk MWkDVj dSls gksxk\ 8- ;g ?kj ,d fnu esjk dSls gksxk\

E) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
[Who + will + be + obj.?]
1- dkSu HkfoI; es ,d vPNk usrk gksxk\ 6- dkSu nks lky ckn xzstq,V gksmxk\
Who will be a good leader in future?
2- dkSu dy esjs lkFk gksxk\ 7- dkSu ,d vPNs oDrk gksxs?\

3- dkSu nks fnu ckn bl txg ij gksxs\ 8- dkSu dy ?kj ij gksxk\

4- dkSu ,d vPNk MWkDVj gksxk\ 9- dkSu vxyk iz/kkuea=h gksxk\

5- dkSu ,d vPNk balku gksxk \ 10- dkSu dy vius nksLrks ds lkFk Ldwy es gksmxk\

9
 IT IS +ADJ. + TO +V1+OBJ.

1-okD; cukuk Nk=ks ds fy, lgh gSA 6-lqcg tYnh mBuk ,d vPNh vknr gSA
It is right to make sentences for student.
2-jkst eZfnj tkuk ,d vPNh vknr gS A 7-jkst Ldqy tkuk vPNh vknr gSA

3-nqljks dks vi’kCn dguk xyr ckr gSA 8- dke le; ij djuk gekjh ftEesnkjh gSA

4-nqljks dks le>uk t:jh gS A 9- cPpks dks le>kuk dfBu gSA

5-jkst i<kbzZ djuk vPNh vknr gSA 10- le; ij daksfpax vkuk vPNh vknr gSA

SUB.+IS/AM/ARE+ GLAD+TO+V1+OBJ.

1-eq>s vkils feydj [kq’kh gqbZAZ 6- mls ;gk vkdj [kq’kh gqbZA
I am glad to meet you.
2- ges ;g [kcj lqudj [kq’kh gqbZ A 7- ges vkidh enn djds [kq’kh gqbZA

3-eq>s vkils ckr djds [kq’kh gqbZA 8- mls LVst ij vkdj [kq’kh gqbZA

4-eq>s ijh{kk nsdj [kq’kh gqbZ A 9- ges ;g cukdj [kq’kh gqbZA

5-eq>s mls ns[kdj [kq’kh gqbZA 10- Eqk>s bls [kjhndj [kq’kh gqbZ A

SUB.+IS/AM/ARE+READY TO+V1+OBJ.

1-eS LVst ij vkus ds fy, rS;kj gqWZ A 6-og ?kj tkus ds fy, rS;kj gqWZA
I am ready to come on the stage.
2-ge mldh enn djus ds fy, rS;kj gSA 7-eS vaxzsth lh[kus ds fy, rS;kj gqWZA

3-os fdzdsV eSp [ksyus ds fy, rS;kj gSA 8- og lg;ksx nsus ds fy, rS;kj gSA

4-og esjh ckr ekuus ds fy, rS;kj gS A 9- eS mldk lkeuk djus ds fy, rS;kj gWwaA

5- og ,Dtke nsus ds fy, rS;kj gS A 10- ge [kkuk [kkus ds fy, rS;kj gSA

10
 IS/AM/ARE+FREE TO+ V1 + O

1- rqe dgh Hkh tkus ds fy, vktkn gks A 6- rqe dqN Hkh cuus ds fy, vktkn gksA
You are free to go anywhere.
2- eS dgh Hkh tkus ds fy, vktkn gwWsA 7- eS dqN Hkh cuus ds fy, vktkn gwWsA

3- rqe LVst ij cksyus ds fy, vktkn gks 8- og [kkuk [kkus ds fy, vktkn gSA

4- rqe okD; cukus ds fy, vktkn gkssA 9- og vc lh[kus ds fy, vktkn gSSaA

5- rqe ?kj tkus ds fy, vktkn gksA 10 jke gkWdh [ksyus ds fy, vktkn gSA

V1ing + is/am/are + obj. ‘or’ to +V1 + is/am/are + obj.

1- /kqeziku lsgr ds fy, gkfudkjd gSA 5- baxfy’k cksyuk cgqr vklku gSA
Smoking is bad for health
To smoke is bad for health. 6- nqljks dks le>kuk cgqr dfBu gSA
2- [kkuk cukuk cgqr dfBu gSA

3- fy[kuk ,d dyk gSA 7- baxfy’k lh[kuk cgqr vklku gSA

4- nqljks dh enn djuk vPNh vknr gSA 8- le; ij dke djuk vPNk gSaA

The Most Motivating Quotes Ever

. Every great story on the planet happened when someone decided not to give up, but kept going
no matter what.

Don’t stop when you’re tired, Stop when you are done.

Action is the primary key to all success.

Successful people do what unsuccessful people are not willing to do.

11
 VERBS OF TO HAVE
PRESENT TENSE

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES [s+ has/have + o]

1. esjs ikl nks u, eksckby gS A 6. mlds ikl lcdqN gSA

I have two new mobiles.
2. esjs HkkbZ ds ikl ,d iqjkuh dkj gSA 7. esjs ikl dqN :i, gSA

3. gekjs ikl vHkh le; gSA 8. mlds ikl esjk ysiVki gSA

4. jke ds ikl ,d eagxh ?kM+h gSA 9. lquhy ds ikl ,d ckbd gSA

5. jfo ds ikl dqN fdrkcs gS A 10. gekjs ikl Kku gSA

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

[Sub. + do/does +not + have +obj]

1. esjs ikl nks u, eksckby ugh gSA 5. mlds ikl dqN ugh gSA
I don’t have two new mobile.
2. esjs HkkbZ ds ikl ,d iqjkuh dkj ugh gSA 6. esjs ikl :i, ugh gSA

3. gekjs ikl vHkh le; ugh gS A 7. mlds ikl esjk ysiVki ugh gsA

4. jke ds ikl eagxh ?kM+h ugh gS A 8. lquhy ds ikl ckbd ugh gSA

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

[Does/Do + sub. + have +obj?]

1. D;k vkids ikl nks u, eksckby gS? 4. D;k mlds ikl lcdqN gS?
Do you have you new two mobiles?
12
2. D;k esjs HkkbZ ds ikl ,d iqjkuh dkj gS? 5. D;k esjs ikl dqN :i, gS?

3. D;k gekjs ikl vHkh le; gS? 6. D;k mlds ikl esjk ysiVki gSs?

7. D;k jke ds ikl ,d eagxh ?kMh gS? 8. D;k lquhy ds ikl ,d ckbd gS?

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (Wh)

[Wh + do/does + has/have + obj?]
1. vkids ikl nks u, eksckby D;ks gS\ 6. mlds ikl lcdqN D;ks gS\
Why do you have two new mobile?
2. esjs HkkbZ ds ikl ,d iqjkuh dkj dgkWZ gS\ 7. esjs ikl fdrus :i, gS\

3. gekjs ikl vHkh fdruk le; gS \ 8. mlds ikl esjk ysiVki dc ls gS\

4. jke ds ikl eagxh ?kM+h fdruh gS \ 9.lquhy ds ikl fdruh ckbd gS\

5. jfo ds ikl fdldh fdrkcs gS \ 10. gekjs ikl fdruk Kku gS\

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (Who) [ Who + has/have + obj?]

1. fdlds ikl nks u, eksckby gS \ 6. fdlds ikl lcdqN gS?

Who has two new mobile?
2. fdlds ikl ,d iqjkuh dkj gS\ 7. fdlds ikl :i, gS\

3. fdlds ikl vHkh le; gS\ 8. fdlds ikl esjk ysiVki gs\

4. fdlds ikl ,d eagxh ?kMh gS\ 9. fdlds ikl ,d ckbd gS\

5. fdlds ikl dqN fdrkcs gS\ 10. fdlds ikl Kku gS\

13
 PAST TENSE

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES [ Sub. + had + obj.]

1. esjs ikl nks u, eksckby FksA 6. mlds ikl lcdqN FkhA

I had two new mobile.
2. esjs HkkbZ ds ikl ,d iqjkuh dkj FkhA 7. esjs ikl dqN :i, FkhA

3. gekjs ikl rc le; FkkA 8. mlds ikl esjk ysiVki FkhA

4. jke ds ikl ,d eagxh ?kMh Fkh A 9. lquhy ds ikl ,d ckbd FkhA

5. jfo ds ikl dqN fdrkcs FkhA 10. gekjs ikl Kku FkkA

NEGATIVE SENTENCE: - [Sub. + did not + have + obj.]

1. esjs ikl nks u, eksckby ugh FksA 6. mlds ikl 2 lky dqN ugh FkkA
I did not have two new mobiles.
2. esjs HkkbZ ds ikl ,d iqjkuh dkj ugh FkhA 7. esjs ikl dy :i, ugh FksA

3. gekjs ikl rc le; FkkA 8. mlds ikl esjk ysiVki ugh FkkA

4. jke ds ikl ,d eagxh ?kMh ugh Fkh A 9. lquhy ds ikl ,d ckbd ugh FkhA

5. jfo ds ikl fdrkcs ugh FkhA 10. gekjs ikl Kku ugh FkkA

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES: - [Did + sub. + have + obj?]

1. D;k esjs ikl nks u, eksckby Fks\ 5. D;k mlds ikl lcdqN Fkk\
Did you have you two new mobiles?
2. D;k esjs HkkbZ ds ikl ,d iqjkuh dkj Fkh \ 6. D;k esjs ikl dqN :i, Fks\

3. D;k gekjs ikl rc le; Fkk\ 7. D;k mlds ikl esjk ysiVki Fkk\

14
4. D;k jke ds ikl ,d eagxh ?kMh Fkh\ 8. D;k lquhy ds ikl ,d ckbd Fkh\

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES [Wh. + did + sub. + have + obj?]

1. esjs ikl nks u, eksckby dc Fks \ 6. mlds ikl D;k Fkk\

When did not have I two new mobiles?
2. esjs HkkbZ ds ikl fdruh iqjkuh dkj Fkh \ 7. Eskjs ikl fdrus :i, Fks\

3. dy gekjs ikl dc le; Fkk\ 8. mlds ikl fdldk ysiVki Fkk\

4. jke ds ikl eagxh ?kM+h D;ks Fkh \ 9. Lqkuhy ds ikl ckbd dc Fkh\

5. jfo ds ikl fdruh fdrkcs Fkh\ 10. gekjs ikl fdruk Kku Fkk\

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES [Who + had + obj.?]

1. fdlds ikl nks u, eksckby Fks\ 6.fdlds ikl 2 lky igys lcdqN Fkk\
Who had two new mobiles?
2. fdlds HkkbZ ds ikl ,d iqjkuh dkj Fkh\ 7. fdlds ikl :i, Fks\

3. fdlds ikl rc le; Fkk \ 8. fdlds ikl esjk ysiVki Fkk\

4. fdlds ikl ,d eagxh ?kM+h Fkh \ 9. fdlds ikl ,d ckbd Fkh\

5. fdlds ikl dqN fdrkcs Fkh\ 10. fdlds ikl Kku Fkk\

15
 FUTURE TENSE

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES [Sub. + will have + obj.]

1. mlds ikl ,d dkj gksxhA 6. esjs ikl ,d u;k eksckby gksxkA

He will have new car.
2. mlds ikik ds ikl dy le; gksxkA 7 . esjs ikl vkids fy, dqN gksxkA

3. rqEgkjs ikl dy lqcg U;wtisij gksxkA 8. mlds ikl 2 lky ckn lc dqN gksxkA

4. mlds 2 lky ckn rhu csVs gksxs aA 9. esjs ikl dy le; gksxkA

5. mlds cgqr lkjs fe= gksxsA 10. esjk gj pht ij fu;a=.k gksxkA

NEGATIVE SENTENCES [Sub. + will + not + have +obj.]

1. mlds ikl ,d dkj ugh gksxhA 2. esjs ikl ,d eksckby ugh gksxkA
He will not have new car.
3. mlds ikik ds ikl le; ugh gksxkA 4. esjs ikl vkids fy, dqN ugh gksxkA

5. rqEgkjs ikl lqcg U;wtisij ugh gksxkA 6. mlds ikl 2 lky ckn dqN ugh gksxkaA

7. mlds 2 lky ckn rhu csVs ugh gksxs A 8. esjs ikl dy le; ugh gksxkA

9. mlds cgqr lkjs fe= gksxs A 10. esjk gj pht ij fu;a=.k ugh gksxkA

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES :- [Will + sub. + have + obj.?]

1. D;k mlds ikl ,d dkj gksxh\ 5. D;k esjs ikl ,d u;k eksckby gksxk\

Will he have new car?

2. D;k ikik ds ikl dy le; gksxk\ 6. D;k esjs ikl vkids fy, dqN gksxk\

3. D;k rqEgkjs ikl dy U;wtisij gksxk\ 7. D;k mlds ikl 2 lky ckn dqN gksx\

16
4. D;k mlds 2 lky ckn rhu csVs gksxs \ 8. D;k esjs ikl dy le; gksxk\

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (Wh) [Wh. + will + sub. + have + obj.?]

1. mlds ikl ,d dkj dc gksxh\ 6. esjs ikl dc ,d u;k eksckby gksxk\

When will he have new car?
2. mlds ikik ds ikl dc le; gksxk\ 7. esjs ikl vkids fy, D;k gksxk\

3. rqEgkjs ikl lqcg U;wtisij D;ks gksxk\ 8. mlds ikl 2 lky ckn dqN dSls gksxk\

4. mlds 2 lky ckn fdrus csVs gksx\s 9. esjs ikl dc le; gksxk\

5. mlds fdrus fe= gksxs \ 10. esjk fdl ij fu;a=.k gksxk\

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE [Who + will + have + obj.?]

1. fdlds ikl ,d dkj gksxh\ 6. fdlds ikl ,d u;k eksckby gksxk\

Who will have new car?
2. fdlds ikik ds ikl dy le; gksxk\ 7. fdlds ikl vkids fy, dqN gksxk\

3. fdlds ikl dy lqcg U;wtisij gksxk\ 8. fdlds ikl 2 lky ckn lc dqN gksxk\

4. fdlds 2 lky ckn rhu csVs gksx\s 9. fdlds ikl dy le; gksxk\

5. fdlds cgqr lkjs fe= gksxs\ 10. fdldk gj pht ij fu;=.k gksxk\

17
 SUB. + HAS/HAVE + TIME + TO + V1 +OBJ.

1.esjs ikl lh[kus ds fy, vHkh le; gSA 6.mlds ikl i<+kbZ djus ds fy, le; gSA
He has time to play.

2.gekjs ikl ?kj tkus ds fy, le; gSA 7.mlds ikl dqN u;k djus ds fy, le; gSA

3. esjs ikl bafXy’k lh[kus ds fy, le; gSA 8.jfo ds ikl ,Xtke nsus ds fy, le; gSA

4.esjs ikl ckr djus ds fy, le; gSA 9.ikik ds ikl vkWfQl tkus ds fy, le; gSA

5. eEeh ds ikl [kkuk cukus ds fy, le; gSA 10.gekjs ikl vHkh [ksyus ds fy, le; gSA

SUB. + HAS/HAVE + ENOUGH + NOUN + TO + V1 + OBJ

1. gekjs ikl [kjhnus ds fy, i;kZIr iSls gSA 2. esjs ikl ihus ds fy, i;kZIr ikuh gSA
We have enough money to purchase.

3. mlds ikl i<kus ds fy, i;kZIr Kku gSA 4.esjs ikl lh[kus ds fy, i;kZIr le; gSA

5.rqEgkjs ikl le>kus ds fy, i;kZIr fLdy gSA 6.lquhy ds ikl fy[kus ds fy, i;kZIr le;gSA

7. esjs ikl bafXy’k lh[kus ds fy, i;kZIr le; gS 8.mlds ikl dqN “h djus ds fy, le; gSA

9.gekjs ikl [kkuk [kkus ds fy, i;kZIr [kkuk gSA 10.esjs ikl fy[kus ds fy, i;kZIr isu gSA

18
 SUB. + HAS/HAVE + OBJ. + TO + V1 + OBJ.

1. Eksjs ikl vHkh i<+kbZ djus ds fy, Ik;kZIr le; gSA 2- esjs ikl fy[kus ds fy, isu gSA
I have enough time to study.

3.mlds ikl i<+kus ds fy, Kku gSA 4.nhikyh ds ikl i<us ds fy, fdrkcs gSA

4. usgk ds ikl cksyus ds fy, VkWfid gSA 5.esjs ikl bl VkWfid ij fy[kus dss fy, eVsfj;y gSA

6.mlds ikl fons’k tkus ds fy, ohtk gSA 7.ges cksyus dk vf/kdkj gSA

SUB. + HAS/HAVE + NOTHING + TO + V1

1. mlds ikl dgus ds fy, dqN ugh gS A 2. gekjs ikl djus ds fy, dqN ugh gSA
He has nothing to say

3. esjs ikl fy[kus ds fy, dqN ugh gSA 4.nhikyh ds ikl djus ds fy, dqN ugh gSA

5. esjs ikl ogkW tkus ds fy, dqN ugh gSA 6.mlds ikl ,Mfe’ku ysus ds fy, dqN ugh gSA

PERSONA INSTITUTE FOR ENGLISH

Spoken English & Personality Development

19
 TENSE

There are mainly three types of tense: -

1. Present tense
2. Past tense
3. Future tense

On the basis of sentence we have got four main categories of it: -

1. Indefinite (simple)
2. Continues
3. Perfect
4. Perfect continues

TENSE CHART WITH STRUCTURE [AFFIRMATIVE]

Present- Sub. + v1 + obj.

Indefinite Past- Sub. + v2 + obj.
Future- Sub. + will + v1 + obj.

Present-Sub. + is/am/are + v1ing + obj.

Continues Past- Sub. + was/were + v1ing + obj.
Future- Sub. + will be + v1ing + obj.

Present- Sub. + has/have + v3 + obj.

Perfect Past- Sub. + had + v3 + obj.
Future- Sub. + will have + v3 + obj.

Present- Sub. + has/have been + v1ing + obj. +since/for +

time
Perfect Past- Sub. + had been + v1ing + obj. + since/for +
Continues time
Future- Sub. + will have been + v1ing + obj. +
since/for +time

20
 Example

Present- I play cricket.

Indefinite Past- I played cricket.
Future- I will play cricket.

Present- I am playing cricket.

Continues Past- I was playing cricket.
Future- I will be playing cricket.

Present- I have played cricket.

Perfect Past- I had played cricket.
Future- I will have played cricket.

Present- I have been playing cricket for 2 hrs

Perfect Past- I had been playing cricket for 2hrs.
continues Future- I will have been playing cricket for 2hrs.

1st Form Meaning 2st Form 3st Form (ing form) (s & es
¼vFkZ½ form)
Bear tUe nsuk Bore Born Bearing Bears
Become gksuk Became Become Becoming Becomes
Build cukuk Built Built Building Builds
Buy [kjhnuk Bought Bought Buying Buys
Bring ykuk Brought Brought Bringing Brings
Bend >qduk Bent Bent Bending Bends
Burn tykuk Burnt Burnt Burning Burns
Beat ihVuk Beat Beaten Beating Beats
Bite dkVuk Bit Bitten Biting Bites
Begin vkjEHk gksuk Began Begun Beginning Begins
Bid vkKk nsuk Bid Bid Bidding Bides
Beat ihVuk Beat Beaten Beating Beats

21
 FOR PRACTICE

He learns English from PI. They avoid their work.

Indefinite-

Continues-

Perfect –

Perfect -
continue

1st Form Meaning 2st Form 3st Form (ing form) (s & es form)
¼vFkZ½
Breed iSnk djuk Bred Bred Breeding Breeds
Choose pquuk Chose Chosen Choosing Chooses
Chide MkaVuk Chid Chid, chiden Chidng Chides
Come vkuk Came Come Coming Comes
Dig [kksnuk Dug Dug Digging Digs
Do djuk Did Done Doing Does
Drive pykuk Drove Driven Driving Drives
Dream liuk ns[kuk Dreamt Dreamt Dreaming Dreams
Drink ihuk Drank Drunk Drinking Drinks
Eat [kkuk Ate Eaten Eating Eats
Fly mM+uk Flew Flown Flying Flies
Fall fxjuk Fell Fallen Falling Falls
Forbid euk djuk Forbade Forbidden Forbidding Forbids

22
 TEST CHART WITH STRUCTURE (NEGATIVE)

Present- Sub. + do/does + not + v1 + obj.

Indefinite Past- Sub. + did + not + v1 + obj.
Future- Sub. + will + not + v1 + obj.

Present- Sub. + is/am/are + not + v1ing + obj.

Continues Past- Sub. + was/were + not + v1ing + obj.
Future- Sub + will + not + v1ing + obj.

Present- Sub. + has/have + not + v3 + obj.

Perfect Past - Sub. + had + not + v3 + obj.

Future- Sub. + will + not + have + v3 + obj.

Present- Sub. + has/have + not + been + v1ing + obj + since/for

+ time
Perfect Past- Sub. + had + not + been + v1ing + obj. + Since/for + time
continues

Future- Sub. + will + not +have been + v1ing +Obj. + since/for +

time

1st Form Meaning 2st Form 3st Form (ing form) (s & es
¼vFkZ½ form)
Forbear lgu djuk Forbore Forborne Forbearing Forbears
Forsake R;kxuk Forsook Forsaken Forsaking Forsakes
Fight yM+uk Fought Fought Fighting Fights
Forget Hkwyuk Forget Forgotten Forgetting Forgets
Find ikuk Found Found Finding Finds
Feed f[kykuk Fed Fed feeding Feeds
Feel vuqHko djuk Felt Felt Feeling Feels
Get izkIr djuk Got Got Getting Gets
Go tkuk Went Gone Going Goes
Give nsuk Gave Given Giving Gives
Grow mxuk Grew Grown Growing Grows
Grind ihluk Ground Ground Grinding Grinds

23
 Example

He does not come here.

Indefinite- He did not come here.
He will not come here.

He is not coming here.

Continues- He was not coming here.

He will not be coming here.

He has not come here.

Perfect - He had not come here.
He will not have come here.

He has not been coming here for 2 hours.

Perfect - He had not been coming here for 2 hours.

Continue He will not have been coming here for 2 hours

1st Form Meaning 2st Form 3st Form (ing form) (s & es form)
¼vFkZ½
Have j[kuk Had Had Having Has
Hold idM+uk Held Held Holding Holds
Hide fNikuk Hid Hidden Hiding Hides
Keep j[kuk Kept Kept Keeping Keeps
Know जानना Knew Known Knowing Knows
Lose [kksuk Lost Lost Losing Loses
Learn lh[kuk Learnt Learnt Learning Learns
Leave NksM+uk Left Left Leaving Leaves
Lead usr`Ro djuk Led Led Leading Leads
Lie >qB cksyuk Lied Lied Lying Lies
Lie ysVuk Lay Lain Lying Lies
Lay j[kuk Laid Laid Laying Lays
Lose [kksuk Lost Lost Losing Loses
Make cukuk Made Made Making Makes
Meet feyuk Met Met Meeting Meets
Make cukuk Made Made Making Makes

24
 FOR PRACTICE

They do not tell lie. She does not think about her career.
Indefinite-

Continues-

Perfect-

Perfect

continue-

1st Form Meaning 2st Form 3st Form (ing form) (s & es form)
¼vFkZ½
Overcome dkcw ikuk Overcame Overcome Overcoming Overcomes
Pay vnk djuk Paid Paid Paying Pays
Ring ctkuk Rang Rung Ringing Rings
Ride lokjh djuk Rode Ridden Riding Rides
Rise fudyuk]mBuk Rose Risen Rising Rises
Run nkSM+uk Ran Run Running Runs
Shake fgyuk Shook Shaken Shaking Shakes
Slay dRy djuk Slew Slain Slaying Slays
Shrink fldqM+uk Shrank Shrunk Shrinking Shrinks
Select NkaVuk Selected Selected Selecting Selects
Stand [kM+k gksuk Stood Stood Standing Stands
Steal pqjkuk Stole Stolen Stealing Steals
Sleep lksuk Slept Slept Sleeping Sleeps
Sweep >kMw yxkuk Swept Swept Sweeping Sweeps
Sit cSBuk Sat Sat Sitting Sits
Stand [kM+k gksuk Stood Stood Standing Stands

25
 TEST CHART WITH STRUCTURE (INTERROGATIVE)

Do/does + sub. + v1 + obj?

Indefinite- Did + sub. + v1 + obj?

Will + sub. + v1 + obj.?

Is /am/are + sub. + v1ing + obj?

Continues- Was/were + sub. + v1ing + obj?

Will + sub. + be + v1ing + obj?

Has /have + sub. + v3 + obj?

Perfect Had + sub. + v3 + obj?

Will + sub + v3 + obj?

Has/have + sub. + been + v1ing + obj?

Perfect continues Had + sub. + been + v1ing + obj?

Will + sub + have + been + v1ing + obj?

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Seek [kkstuk Sought Sought Seeking Seeks
Spend [kpZ djuk Spent Spent Spending Spends
Say dguk Said Said Saying Says
Sell cspuk Sold Sold Selling Sells
Send Hkstuk Sent Sent Sending Sends
See ns[kuk Saw Seen Seeing Sees
Sign gLrk{kj djuk Signed Signed Signing Signs
Smell lwa?kuk Smelt Smelt Smelling Smells
Shine peduk Shone Shone Shining Shins
Shoot xksyh ekjuk Shot Shot Shooting Shoots
Sing Xkkuk Sang Sung Singing Sings
Speak cksyuk Spoke Spoken Speaking Speaks
Swim rSjuk Swam Swum Swimming Swims
Swing >wyuk Swang Swung Swinging Swings
Speed rst pyuk Sped Sped Speeding Speeds
String fijksuk Strung Strung Stinging Strings

26
 FOR PRACTICE

Does she help her friend? Do they win the match?

Indefinite-

Continues-

Perfect –

Perfect

continues-

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Spring mNyuk sprang sprung springing Springs
Tear QkM+uk Tore Torn Tearing Tears
Think lkspuk Thought Thought Thinking Thinks
Tell crkuk Told Told Telling Tells
Teach i<+uk Taught Taught Teaching Teaches
Take ysuk Took Taken Taking Takes
Throw Qasduk Threw Thrown Throwing Throws
Understand Lke>uk Understood Understood Understanding Understands
Weave cquuk Wove Woven Weaving Weaves
Wind pkch nsuk Wound Wound Winding Winds
Weep jksuk Wept Wept Weeping Weeps

27
 INTERROGATIVE (Wh)

Wh. + do/does + sub. + v1 + obj.?

Indefinite- Wh. + did + sub. + v1 + obj.?

Wh. + will + sub. + v1 + obj?

Wh. + is/am/are + sub + v1ing + obj?

Continues- Wh. + was/were + sub + v1ing + obj?

Wh. + will + sub + be + v1ing + obj?

Wh . + has/have + sub + v3 + obj.?

Perfect- Wh. + had + sub + v3 + obj?

Wh. + will + sub + v3 + obj?

Wh. + has/have + sub + been + v1ing + obj. + since/for + time?

Perfect Wh. + had + sub + been + v1ing + obj. + since/for + time?

continue Wh. + will + sub + have + been + v1ing + obj. + since/for + time?

Wear iguuk Wore Worn Wearing Wears

Win thruk Won Won Winning Wines
Wind pkch nsuk Wound Wound Winding Winds
Wring fupksM+uk Wrang Wrung wringing Wrings
Write fy[kuk Wrote Written Writing Writes
Cut dkVuk Cut Cut Cutting Cuts
Cost ykxr vkuk Cost Cost Costing Costs
Hit pksV ekjuk Hit Hit Hitting Hits
Hurt t[eh gksuk Hurt Hurt Hurting Hurts
Wear iguuk Wore Worn Wearing Wears
Win thruk Won Won Winning Wines
Wind pkch nsuk Wound Wound Winding Winds
Wring fupksM+uk Wrang Wrung wringing Wrings
Write fy[kuk Wrote Written Writing Writes
Cut dkVuk Cut Cut Cutting Cuts

28
 EXAMPLE

Why do you laugh in the class?

Indefinite- Why did you laugh in the class?
Why will you laugh in the class?

Why are you laughing in the class?

Continues- Why were you laughing in the class?
Why will you be laughing in the class?

Why have you laughed in the class?

Perfect- Why had you laughed in the class?
Why will you have laughed in the class?

Why have you been laughing in the class for 10 min.?

Perfect Why had you been laughing in the class for 10 min?
continue Why will you been laughing in the class for 10 min?

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Act dk;Z djuk Acted Acted Acting Acts
Answer mRrj nsuk Answered Answered Answering Answers
Appoint fu;qDr djuk Appointed Appointed Appointing Appoints
Admire iz'kalk djuk Admired Admired Admiring Admires
Abuse xkyh nsuk Abused Abused Abusing Abuses
Advise lykg nsuk Advised Advised Advising Advises
Attack vkØe.k djuk Attacked Attacked Attacking Attacks
Allow vkKk nsuk Allowed Allowed Allowing Allows
Appear izdV gksuk Appeared Appeared Appearing Appears
Arrive igqqapkuk Arrived Arrived Arriving Arrives
Arrest fxj¶rkj djuk Arrested Arrested Arresting Arrests
Ask iwNUkk Asked Asked Asking Asks
Bark HkkSaduk Barked Barked Braking Barks
Bake idkuk Baked Baked Baking Bakes
Bathe ugkuk Bathed Bathed Bathing Bathes
Beg ekaxuk Begged Begged Begging Begs
Believe ;dhu djuk Believed Believed Believing Believes
Bless vk'khokZn nsuk Blessed Blessed Blessing Blesses
Behave O;ogkj djuk Behaved Behaved Behaving Behaves
Boil mckyuk Boiled Boiled Boiling Boils
Borrow m/kkj ysuk Borrowed Borrowed Borrowing Borrows
29
 FOR PRACTICE

How do you study in night? Why do you read book?

Indefinite-

Continues-

Perfect-

Perfect

Continue

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Bury दफनाना Buried Buried Burying Buries
Carry ys tkuk Carried Carried Carrying Carries
Call iqdkjuk Called Called Calling Calls
Climb Pk<+uk Climbed Climbed Climbing Climbs
Copy udy djuk Copied Copied Copying Copies
Complain f'kdk;r djuk Complained Complained Complaining Complains
Cry fpYYkkuk Cried Cried Crying Cries
Clean lkQ djuk Cleaned Cleaned Cleaning Cleans
Close cUn djuk Closed Closed Closing Closes
Change cnyuk Changed Changed Changing Changes
Check jksduk Checked Checked Checking Checks
Clap rkyh ctkuk Clapped Clapped Clapping Claps
Collect ,d= djuk Collected Collected Collecting Collects
Complete iwjk djuk Completed Completed Completing Completes
Count fxuuk Counted Counted Counting Counts
Cook idkuk Cooked Cooked Cooking Cooks
Consult lykg nsuk Consulted Consulted Consulting Consults

30
 INTERROGATIVE
((((99(who)

Who + v1 + obj.?

Indefinite- Who + v2 + obj?

Who + will + v1 + obj?

Who + is/am/are + v1ing + obj?

Continue- Who + was + v1ing + obj?

Who + will + be + v1ing + obj?

Who + has/have + v3 + obj?

Per fect- Who + had + v3 + obj?

Who + will + have + v3 + obj?

Who + has/have + been +v1ing + obj +

since/for + time?
Perfect Who + had been + v1ing + obj + since/for
Continue +time?
Who + will + have + been + v1ing + obj +
since/for + obj.?

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Cross ikj djuk Crossed Crossed Crossing Crosses
Calculate x.kuk djuk Calculated Calculated Calculating Calculates
Challenge pqukSrh nsuk Challenged Challenged Challenging Challenges
Chew pckuk Chewed Chewed Chewing Chews
Dip xksrk yxkuk Dipped Dipped Dipping Dips
Die ejuk Died Died Dying Dies
Dye jaxuk Dyed Dyed Dyeing Dyes

31
 EXAMPLE

Who helps you?

Indefinite- Who helped you?
Who will helped you?

Who is helping you?

Continue- Who was helping you?
Who will be helping you?

Who has helped you?

Perfect- Who had helped you?
Who will have helped you?

Who has been helping you for 2 months?

Perfect Who had been helping you for 2 months?

Continue Who will have been helping you for 2 months?

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Decide fu.kZ; djuk Decided Decided Deciding Decides
Decorate ltkuk Decorated Decorated Decorating Decorates
Divide ckaVuk Divided Divided Dividing Divides
Dance ukpuk Danced Danced Dancing Dances
Deceive /kks[kk nsuk Deceived Deceived Deceiving Deceives
Defeat gjkuk Defeated Defeated Defeating Defeats
Desire bPNk djuk Desired Desired Desiring Desires
Discover [kkstuk Discovered Discovered Discovering Discovers
Dry lq[kkuk Dried Dried Drying Dries
Drown Mwcuk Drowned Drowned Drowning Drowns
Declare ?kks"k.kk djuk Declared Declared Declaring Declares
Describe o.kZu djuk Described Described Describing Describes
Earn dekuk Earned Earned Earning Earns
Enter izos'kdjuk Entered Entered Entering Enters
Examine tkapuk Examined Examined Examining Examine
Employ ukSdjh esa j[kuk Employed Employed Employing Employs
Explain le>kuk Explained Explained Explaining Explains
Elect pquuk Elected Elected Electing Elects
Encourage mRlkfgr djuk Encouraged Encouraged Encouraging Encourages

32
 Who teaches you English? Who beats him?

Indefinite-

Continues-

Perfect-

Perfect –

continues

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Fine tqekZuk djuk Fined Fined Fining Fines
Fear Mjuk Feared Feared Fearing Fears
Face lkeuk djuk Faced Faced Facing Faces
Finish lekIr djuk Finished Finished Finishing Finishes
Fail vlQy gksuk Failed Failed Failing Fails
Follow ihNk djuk Followed Followed Following Follows
Fill Hkjuk Filled Filled Filling Fills
Fold yisVuk Folded Folded Folding Folds
Force foo'k djuk Forced Forced Forcing Forces
Gather ,d= djuk Gathered Gathered Gathering Gathers
Grant nsuk]Lohdkj djuk Granted Granted Granting Grants
Rain Ok"kkZ gksuk Rained Rained Raining Rains
Reply mRrj nsuk Replied Replied Replying Replies
Reach igqapuk Reached Reached Reaching Reaches
Receive izkIr djuk Received Received Receiving Receives

33
 SUB. + LOOK/LOOKS + OBJ.[ADJECTIVE]

1.og cgqr fujk’k fn[kkbZ nsrk gS/ fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA 2.rqe lqUnj fn[kkbZ ns jgh gksA
He looks very disappointed.
3.og cgqr [kq’k fn[kkbZ nsrk gS /ns jgk gSA 4.rqe vthc fn[kkbZ nsrk gS /ns jgs gksA

5.og larqIV fn[kkbZ nsrk gS /ns jgk gSA 6.rqe chekj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS / ns jgs gksA

7.og vHkh Hkh ;qok fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA 8.og cq<+k fn[kkbZ nsrk gS /ns jgk gSA A

SUB. + LOOKED + OBJ.[ADJECTIVE]

1. og dkszf/kr fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA 2.og vPNk balku fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA
He looked angry.
3. og cgqr fujk’k fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA 4.rqe cgqr vthc fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA

5.og chekj fn[kkbZ ns jgk Fkk A 6.og eq>s larqIV fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA

7.og ;qok fn[kkbZ ns jgk Fkk A 8.og cq<+k fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA

9.og ikxy fn[kkbZ ns jgk Fkk A 10.og eq>s le>nkj fn[kkbZ ns jgk Fkk A

IT + LOOKS + OBJ.[ADJECTIVE]

1. ;g vyx fn[k jgk gS A 2.xgjk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

It looks different.
3.;g cM+k fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA 4- ;g mckm fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

5. ;g [krjukd fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA 6.LokfnIV fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

7. egaxk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA 8.’kkunkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

9. uje fn[krk gSA 10.vklku fn[krk gSA

34
 SUB. + SOUND/SOUNDS + ADJECTIVE

1.og fujk’k yxrk gSA 2. og ijs’kku yxrk gSA

He sound disappointed.
3. og mRlkfgr yxrk gS A 4. og ikxy yxrk gS A

5. rqe lPps yxrs gksA 6. os vkylh yxrs gS A

7. og vkylh yxrk gSA 8. og LokFkhZ yxrk gSA

9. rqe mnkl yxrs gks A 10. og ?keaMh yxrk gSA

SUB. + SOUNDED + OBJ.(ADJECTIVE)

1. og mRlkfgr yxrk FkkA 2. og ijs’kku yxrk FkkA

He sounded enthusiastic.
3. og ikxy yxrk FkkA 4. rqe lPps yxrs FksA

5. os vkylh yxrs FksA 6. og vkylh yxrk FkkA

7. og LokFkhZ yxrk FkkA 8. rqe mnkl yxrs FksA

9. og ?keaMh yxrk FkkA 10. og xSj ftEesnkj yxrk FkkA

SUB. + IS/AM/ARE + GETTING + ADJECTIVE

1. rqe fnu c fnu yacs gksrs tk jgs gksA 2. og eksVh gksrh tk jgh gSA
You are getting tall day by day.
3. rqe fnu c fnu nqcys gksrs tk jgs gksA 4. og cw<+k gksrs tk jgk gSA

5. pk; BaMh gks jgh gS A 6- ikuh xeZ gks jgk gSA

7. og le>nkj gks jgk gS A 8. og cM+k gks jgk gSA

9. nqfu;k NksVh gks jgh gS A 10. ogk >xM+k gks jgk gSaA

35
 SUB. + NEED/NEEDS + OBJ. + TO + V1 + OBJ.

1.eq>s fy[kus ds fy, ,d isu dh t:jr gSSsA 2.eq>s bl izkstsDV ds fy, iSlks dh t:jr gSA
I need a pen to write.
3.eq>s xkMh pykus ds fy, ykblsal dh t:jr gSSA 4.rqEgs vuwefr dh t:jr gSA

5.eq>s ogka jgus ds fy, ohtk dh t:jr gSA 6- eq>s ihNk djus ds fy, ckbd dh t:jr gSA

7.ges ftank jgus ds fy, ikuh dh t:jr gS A 8.mls bafXy’k lh[kus ds fy, dksfpax dh t:jr gSA

8. ges xkus lquus ds fy, jsfM;ks dh vko’;drk gSA 10. mls eqoh ns[kus ds fy, Vhoh dh vko’;drk gS A

SUB. + NEEDED + OBJ. + TO + V1 + OBJ.

1. eq>s fy[kus ds fy, ,d isu dh t:jr FkhA 6.eq>s bl izkstsDV ds fy, iSlks dh t:jr FkhAA
I needed a pen to write.
2. eq>s xkMh pykus ds fy, ykblsal dh t:jr FkhA 7. rqEgs vuwefr dh t:jr FkhA

3. eq>s ogk jgus ds fy, ohtk dh t:jr FkhA 8. eq>s mldk ihNk djus ds fy, ckbd dh t:jr FkhA

4. ges ftank jgus ds fy, ikuh dh t:jr FkhA 9. mls bafXy’k lh[kus ds fy, ,d vPNh dksfpax dh t:jr FkhA

5.ges xkus lquus ds fy, jsfM;ks dh vko’;drk FkhA 10. mls eqoh ns[kus ds fy, Vhoh dh vko’;drk FkhA

SUB. + WILL + NEED + OBJ. + TO + V1 + OBJ.

1.eq>s fy[kus ds fy, ,d isu dh t:jr gksxhA 6.eq>s bl izkstsDV ij dke djus ds fy, iSlksdht:jrgksxhA
I will needed a pen to write.

2.eq>s xkM+h pykus ds fy, ykblsal dh t:jr gksxhA 7.rqEgs ckgj tkus ds fy, vuwefr dh t:jr gksxhA

3.eq>s ogka jgus ds fy, ohtk dh t:jr gksxhA 8.eq>s mldk ihNk djus ds fy, ckbd dh t:jr gksxhA

4.ges ftank jgus ds fy, ikuh dh t:jr gksxhA 9. mls bafXy’k lh[kus ds fy, ,d vPNh dksfpax dh t:jr
gksxhA

5. ges xkus lquus ds fy, jsfM;ks dh vko’;drk gksxhA 10. mls eqoh ns[kus ds fy, Vhoh dh vko’;drk gksxh A

36
 BASIC MODALS

Can - ldrk gS@ ldrh gS@ ldrs gSaA

Group 1- Could- ldk @ldh @lds@ldrk Fkk@ldrh Fkh@ ldrs FksA
Will be able to- ldwxk@ ldwxh@ ldsxsA

Should- fdz;k ds var es uk us uh vkdj pkfg,A

Group 2- Must- uk us uh vkdj gh pkfg,A
Ought to- uk us uh vkdj pkfg,A

Has/have to- iM+rk gS @iM+rh gS @iM+rs gS@ uk gS@us gS@ uh gSA

Group 3- Had to- iM+rk Fkk @iM+rh Fkh@ iM+rs Fks@ uk Fkk@ us Fks@ uh FkhA
Will have to- iM+sxk@ iM+sxh @iM+sxsA

Used to- djrk Fkk @djrh Fkh @djrs FksA

Group 4- Need to- t:jr gS @vko’;drk gSA
dare to

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Remember ;kn j[kuk Remembered Remembered Remembering Remembers
Return ykSVkuk Returned Returned Returning Returns
Serve lsok djuk Served Served Serving Serves
Shout fpYykuk Shouted Shouted Shouting Shouts
Smile eqLdqjkuk Smiled Smiled Smiling Smiles
Solve gy djuk Solved Solved Solving Solves
Stay Bgjuk Stayed Stayed Staying Stays
Stop jksduk Stopped Stopped Stopping Stops
Study v/;;u djuk Studied Studied Studying Studies
Save Cpkuk Saved Saved Saving Saves
Slip fQlyuk Slipped Slipped Slipping Slips
Surprise pfdr gksuk Surprised Surprised Surprising Surprises
Tie Ckak/kuk Tied Tied Tying Ties
Touch Nwuk Touched Touched Touching Touches
Transfer Rkcknyk djuk Transferred Transferred transferring Transfers
Tremble dkaiuk Trembled Trembled Trembling Trembles
Try dksf'k’k djuk Tried Tried Trying Tries
Talk ckr djuk Talked Talked Talking Talks
Trust fo'okl djuk Trusted Trusted Trusting Trusts

37
 FOR EXAMPLE

Sub. + can + v1 + obj.

Group 1- Sub. + could + v1 + obj.

Sub. + will be able to + v1 + obj.

Sub. + should + v1 + obj.

Group2- Sub. + must + v1 + obj.

Sub. + ought to + v1 + obj.

Sub. + has/have to + v1 + obj.

Group 3- Sub. + had to + v1 + obj.

Sub. + will have to + v1 + obj.

Sub. + used to + v1 + obj.

Group 4- Sub. + need to + v1 + obj.

Sub. + dare to + v1 + obj.

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Unite ,dtqV gksuk United United Uniting Unites
Wash /kksuk Washed Washed Washing Washes
Waste u"V gksuk Wasted Wasted Wasting Wastes
Walk pyuk Walked Walked Walking Walks
Wait izrh{kk djuk Waited Waited Waiting Waits
Wish bPNk djuk Wished Wished Wishing Wishes
Wander ?kweuk Wandered Wandered Wandering Wanders
Wander ?kweuk Wandered Wandered Wandering Wanders
Wed ’kknh djuk Wedded Wedded Wedding Weds
Wound ?kk;y gksuk Wounded Wounded Wounding Wounds
Worship iwtk djuk Worshipped Worshipped Worshipping Worships
Wonder vk'p;Z djuk Wondered Wondered Wondering Wonders
Guide ekxZ fn[kkuk Guided Guided Guiding Guides
Hang yVdkuk Hanged Hanged Hanging Hangs
Hear lquuk Heard Heard Hearing Hears
Honor vknj nsuk Honored Honored Honoring Honors
Hate ?k`.kk djuk Hated Hated Hating Hates
Help lgk;rk djuk Helped Helped Helping Helps
Hire HkkM+s ij j[kuk Hired Hired Hiring Hires
Hunt f'kdkj djuk Hunted Hunted Hunting Hunts

38
 EXAMPLE

I can help you in this work.

Group 1- I could help you in this work.
.I will be able to help you in this work.

I should help you in this work.

Group2 I must help you in this work.
I ought to help you in this work.

I have to help you in this work.

Group3 I had to help you in this work.
I will have to help you in this work.

I used to help you in this work.

Group 4- I need to help you in this work.
I dare to help you in this work.
FOR PRACTICE

1 She can improve herself. 1 They can break the record.

Group 1 2 2
3 3

1 1
Group 2 2 2
3 3

1 1
Group 3 2 2
3 3

1 1

Group 4 2 2

3 3

39
 NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Sub. + can + not + v1 + obj

Group 1- Sub. + could + not + v1 + obj.
Sub. + will + not + be able to + v1 + obj

Sub. + should + not + v1 + obj.

Group 2 Sub. + must + not + v1 + obj.
Sub. + ought + not + to + v1 + obj.

Sub. + has/have +not + to + v1 + obj.

Group 3 Sub. + had + not + to + v1 + obj.
Sub. + will + not + have to + v1 + obj.

Sub. + used + not + to + v1 + obj.

Group 4 Sub. + need +not +to + v1 + obj.
Sub. + dare + not +to + v1 + obj.

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Prepare rS;kj djuk Prepared Prepared Preparing Prepares
Pull [khapuk Pulled Pulled Pulling Pulls
Promise opu nsuk Promised Promised Promising Promises
Push /kdsyuk Pushed Pushed Pushing Pushes
Quarrel >xM+uk Quarreled Quarreled Quarrelling Quarrels
Reap dkVuk Reaped Reaped Reaping Reaps
Recognize igpkuuk Recognized Recognized Recognizing Recognizes
Refuse इं कार करना Refused Refused Refusing Refuses
Cut dkVuk Cut Cut Cutting Cuts
Cost ykxr vkuk Cost Cost Costing Costs
Hit pksV ekjuk Hit Hit Hitting Hits

40
 EXAMPLE

She cannot swim into the river.

Group 1 She could not swim into the river.
She will not be able to swim into the river.
She should not swim into the river.
Group 2 She must not swim into the river.
She ought not to swim into the rive

She has not to swim into the river.

Group 3 She had not to swim into the river.
She will not to swim into the river.

She used not to swim into the river.

Group 4 She need not to swim into the river.
She dare not to swim into the river.

FOR PRACTICE

1 They can not jump from here. 1 Rani can not avoid his work.

Group 1 2 2

3 3

1 1

Group 2 2 2

3 3

1 1

Group 3 2 2

3 3

1 1

Group 4 2 2

3 3

41
 Interrogative sentence with structure

1. Can + S + V1 + O.?
Group 1 2. Could + S + V1 + O.?
3. Will + S + be able to + V1 + O.?

1. Should + S + V1 + O.?
Group 2 2. Must + S + V1 + O.?
3. Ought + S + to + V1 + O.?

1. Has/Have + S + to + V1 + O?
Group 3 2. Had + S + to + V1 + O.?
3. Will + S + have to + V1 + O.?

1 Used + S + to + V1 + O.?
Group 4 2 Need + S + to + V1 + O.?
3 Dare + S + to + V1 + O.?

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Improve lq/kkjuk Improved Improved Improving Improves
Inform lwfpr djuk Informed Informed Informing Informs
Insult vuknj djuk Insulted Insulted Insulting Insults
Jump dwnuk Jumped Jumped Jumping Jumps
Join feykuk Joined Joined Joining Joins
Judge fu.kZ; djuk Judged Judged Judging Judges
Kill ekjuk Killed Killed killing Kills
Knock [kV[kVkuk Knocked Knocked Knocking Knocks
Kick Bksdj ekjuk Kicked Kicked Kicking Kicks
Love izse djuk Loved Loved Loving Loves
Live jguk Lived Lived Living Lives
Lie >wB cksyuk Lied Lied Lying Lies
Like ilUn djuk Liked Liked Liking Likes
Listen lquuk Listened Listened Listening Listens
Look ns[kuk Looked Looked Looking Looks
Leap dwnuk Leaped Leaped Leaping Leaps
Marry fookg djuk Married Married Marrying Marries
Move fgyuk Moved Moved Moving Moves

42
 EXAMPLE

1 Can you suggest me an idea?

Group 1 2 Could you suggest me an idea?
3 Will you be able to suggest me an idea?

1. Should you suggest me an idea?

Group 2 2. Must you suggest me an idea?
3. Ought you to suggest me an idea?

1. Have you to suggest me an idea?

Group 3 2. Had you to suggest me an idea?
3 Will you have to suggest me an idea?

1 Used you to suggest me an idea?

Group 4 2 Need you to suggest me an idea?
3 Dare you to suggest me an idea?

FOR PRACTICE

1 Can she run fast? 1 Can india win the world cup?
Group 1 2 2

3 3

1 1

Group 2 2 2

3 3

1 1

Group 3 2 2

3 3

1 1

Group 4 2 2

3 3

43
 Interrogative sentence (W.H. Structure)

1 Wh + Can + S + V1 + O?
Group 1 2 Wh + Could + S + V1 + O?
3 Wh + Will + S + be able to + V1 + O?

1 Wh + Should + S + V1 + O?
Group 2 2 Wh + Must + S + V1 + O?
3 Wh + ought+ S + to + V1 + O?

1 Wh + has/have + S + to + V1 + O ?
Group 3 2 Wh + had + S + to + V1 + O?
3 Wh + will + S + have to V1 + O?

1 Wh + used + S + to + V1 + O?
Group 4 2 Wh + need + S + to + V1 + O?
3 Wh + dare + S + to + V1 + O?

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Like ilUn djuk Liked Liked Liking Likes
Listen lquuk Listened Listened Listening Listens
Look ns[kuk Looked Looked Looking Looks
Leap dwnuk Leaped Leaped Leaping Leaps
Marry fookg djuk Married Married Marrying Marries
Move fgyuk Moved Moved Moving Moves
Melt fi?kyuk Melted Melted Melting Melts
Order vkns'k nsuk Ordered Ordered Ordering Orders
Offer is'k djuk Offered Offered Offering Offers
Observe fujh{k.k djuk Observed Observed Observing Observes
Part vyx gksuk Parted Parted Parting Parts
Permit vkKk nsuk Permitted Permitted Permitting Permits
Pray izkFkZuk djuk Prayed Prayed Praying Prays
Press nckuk Pressed Pressed Pressing Presses
Produce iSnk djuk Produced Produced Producing Produces
prove fl) djuk Proved Proved Proving Proves
Punish naM nsuk Punished Punished Punishing Punishes
Play [ksyuk Played Played Playing Plays

44
 EXAMPLE

1 How can you win this competition?

Group 1 2 How could you win this competition?
3 How will you be able to win this competition?

1 How should you win this competition?

Group 2 2 How must you win this competition?
3 How ought you to win this competition?

1 How have you to win this competition?

Group 3 2 How had you to win this competition?
3 How will you have to win this competition?

1 How used you to win this competition?

Group 4 2 How need you to win this competition?
3 How dare you to win this competition?

FOR PRACTICE

1 With whom can you this work? 1 Where can you go on Sunday?
Grp 1 2 2
3. 3

1 1

Grp2 2 2

3 3

1 1

Grp3 2 2

3 3

1 1

Grp4 2 2

3 3

45
 Interrogative sentences (Who)

1 Who + can + V1 + O?
Group 1 2 Who + could + V1 + O?
3 Who + will be able to + V1 + O?

1 Who + should + V1 + O?
Group 2 2 Who + must + V1 + O?
3 Who + ought + to + V1 + O?

1 Who + has/have + V1 + to + O?
Group 3 2 Who + had + V1 + to + O?
3 Who + will have to + V1 + O?

1 Who + used to + V1 + to + O?
Group 4 2 Who + need to + V1 + to + O?
3 Who + dare to + V1 + O?

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Bet 'krZ yxkuk Bet Bet Betting Bets
Bid cksyh yxkuk Bid Bid Bidding Bids
Burst QVuk Burst Burst Bursting Bursts
Cut dkVuk Cut Cut Cutting Cuts
Cost ykxr vkuk Cost Cost Costing Costs
Hit pksV ekjuk Hit Hit Hitting Hits
Hurt t[eh gksuk Hurt Hurt Hurting Hurts
Put j[kuk Put Put Putting Puts
Quit NksM+uk Quit Quit Quitting Quits
Read i<+uk Read Read Reading Reads
Set vLr gksuk Set Set Setting Sets
Shut cUn djuk Shut Shut Shutting Shuts

46
 EXAMPLE

1 Who can speak on this topic?

Group 1 2 Who could speak on this topic?
3 Who will be able to speak on this topic?

1 Who should speak on this topic?

Group 2 2 Who must speak on this topic?
3 Who ought to speak on this topic?

1 Who has to speak on this topic?

Group 3 2 Who had to speak on this topic?
3 Who will have to speak on this topic?

1 Who used to speak on this topic?

Group 4 2 Who need to speak on this topic?
3 Who dare to speak on this topic?
FOR PRACTICE
1 Who can climb upon this tree? 1 Who can bring milk from market?
Group 1 2 2
3 3

1 1

Group 2 2 2

3 3

1 1

Group 3 2 2

3 3

1 1

Group 4 2 2

3 3

47
 PERSONA IRREGULAR VERBS PART-1
PART

Present Meaning Past Past Participle Present

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ st
2 Form 3st Form Participle (s & es
(ing form) form)
Arise mBuk Arose Arisen Arising Arises
Abide jguk Abode Abode Abiding Abides
Awake tkxuk Awoke Awaken Awaking Awakes
Be gksuk Was, Were Been Being -
Bear tUe nsuk Bore Born Bearing Bears
Become gksuk Became Become Becoming Becomes
Build cukuk Built Built Building Builds
Buy [kjhnuk Bought Bought Buying Buys
Bring ykuk Brought Brought Bringing Brings
Bleed [kwu cguk bled bled bleeding Bleeds
Bend >qduk Bent Bent Bending Bends
Burn tykuk Burnt Burnt Burning Burns
Beat ihVuk Beat Beaten Beating Beats
Bite dkVuk Bit Bitten Biting Bites
Behold ns[kuk Beheld Beheld Beholding Beholds
Begin vkjEHk gksuk Began Begun Beginning Begins
Bid vkKk nsuk Bid Bid Bidding Bides
Beat ihVuk Beat Beaten Beating Beats
Bid cksyh yxkuk Bid Bid Biding Bids
Blow gok pyuk Blew Blown Blowing Blows
Breed iSnk djuk Bred Bred Breeding Breeds
Choose pquuk Chose Chosen Choosing Chooses
Cling fpiVuk Clung Clung clinging Clings
Chide MkaVuk Chid Chid, chiden Chidng Chides
Come vkuk Came Come Coming Comes
Dig [kksnuk Dug Dug Digging Digs
Do djuk Did Done Doing Does
Drive pykuk Drove Driven Driving Drives
Dream liuk ns[kuk Dreamt Dreamt Dreaming Dreams
Drink ihuk Drank Drunk Drinking Drinks
Eat [kkuk Ate Eaten Eating Eats
Fly mM+uk Flew Flown Flying Flies
Fall fxjuk Fell Fallen Falling Falls
Forbid euk djuk Forbade Forbidden Forbidding Forbids
Forbear lgu djuk Forbore Forborne Forbearing Forbears
Forsake R;kxuk Forsook Forsaken Forsaking Forsakes
Fight yM+uk Fought Fought Fighting Fights
Fight yM+uk Fought Fought Fighting Fights
Forget Hkwyuk Forget Forgotten Forgetting Forgets
Fling Qasduk Flung Flung Flinging Flings
Find ikuk Found Found Finding Finds

48
 1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Feed f[kykuk Fed Fed feeding Feeds
Feel vuqHko djuk Felt Felt Feeling Feels
Freeze teuk Froze Frozen Freezing Freezes
Get izkIr djuk Got Got Getting Gets
Go tkuk Went Gone Going Goes
Give nsuk Gave Given Giving Gives
Grow mxuk Grew Grown Growing Grows
Grind ihluk Ground Ground Grinding Grinds
Have j[kuk Had Had Having Has
Hold idM+uk Held Held Holding Holds
Hang yVdkuk Hung Hung Hanging Hangs
Hide fNikuk Hid Hidden Hiding Hides
Kneel >qduk Knelt Knelt Kneeling Kneels
Keep j[kuk Kept Kept Keeping Keeps
Know जानना Knew Known Knowing Knows
Lose [kksuk Lost Lost Losing Loses
Learn lh[kuk Learnt Learnt Learning Learns
Leave NksM+uk Left Left Leaving Leaves
Lead usr`Ro djuk Led Led Leading Leads
Lie >qB cksyuk Lied Lied Lying Lies
Lie ysVuk Lay Lain Lying Lies
Lay j[kuk Laid Laid Laying Lays
Lose [kksuk Lost Lost Losing Loses
Make cukuk Made Made Making Makes
Meet feyuk Met Met Meeting Meets
Make cukuk Made Made Making Makes
Mistake xyrh djuk Mistook Mistaken Mistaking Mistakes
Overgrow vf/kd c<+uk Overgrew Overgrown Overgrowing Overgrows
Overcome dkcw ikuk Overcame Overcome Overcoming Overcomes
Pay vnk djuk Paid Paid Paying Pays
Ring ctkuk Rang Rung Ringing Rings
Ride lokjh djuk Rode Ridden Riding Rides
Rise fudyuk]mBuk Rose Risen Rising Rises
Run nkSM+uk Ran Run Running Runs
Shake fgyuk Shook Shaken Shaking Shakes
Slay dRy djuk Slew Slain Slaying Slays
Shrink fldqM+uk Shrank Shrunk Shrinking Shrinks
Stink nqxZU/k nsuk Stank Stunk Stinking Stinks
Select NkaVuk Selected Selected Selecting Selects
Stand [kM+k gksuk Stood Stood Standing Stands
Steal pqjkuk Stole Stolen Stealing Steals
Sleep lksuk Slept Slept Sleeping Sleeps
Sweep >kMw yxkuk Swept Swept Sweeping Sweeps
Sit cSBuk Sat Sat Sitting Sits
Stand [kM+k gksuk Stood Stood Standing Stands
Spend [kpZ djuk Spent Spent Spending Spends

49
 1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Seek [kkstuk Sought Sought Seeking Seeks
Say dguk Said Said Saying Says
Sell cspuk Sold Sold Selling Sells
Send Hkstuk Sent Sent Sending Sends
See ns[kuk Saw Seen Seeing Sees
Sign gLrk{kj djuk Signed Signed Signing Signs
Smell lwa?kuk Smelt Smelt Smelling Smells
Shine peduk Shone Shone Shining Shins
Shoot xksyh ekjuk Shot Shot Shooting Shoots
Sing Xkkuk Sang Sung Singing Sings
Sink Mwcuk Sank Sunk Sinking Sinks
Speak cksyuk Spoke Spoken Speaking Speaks
Sting Mad ekjuk Stung Stung Stinging Stings
Swim rSjuk Swam Swum Swimming Swims
Swing >wyuk Swung Swung Swinging Swings
Speed rst pyuk Sped Sped Speeding Speeds
String fijksuk Strung Strung Stinging Strings
Spring mNyuk sprang sprung springing Springs
Tear QkM+uk Tore Torn Tearing Tears
Think lkspuk Thought Thought Thinking Thinks
Tell crkuk Told Told Telling Tells
Teach i<+uk Taught Taught Teaching Teaches
Take ysuk Took Taken Taking Takes
Tread vuqlj.k djuk Trod Trodden Treading Treads
Throw Qasduk Threw Thrown Throwing Throws
Understand Lke>uk Understood Understood Understanding Understands
Undo [kksyuk Undid Undone Undoing Undoes
Undergo vuqHko djuk Underwent Undergone Undergoing Undergoes
Weave cquuk Wove Woven Weaving Weaves
Wind pkch nsuk Wound Wound Winding Winds
Weep jksuk Wept Wept Weeping Weeps
Wear iguuk Wore Worn Wearing Wears
Win thruk Won Won Winning Wines
Wind pkch nsuk Wound Wound Winding Winds
Wring fupksM+uk Wrung Wrung Wringing Wrings
Write fy[kuk Wrote Written Writing Writes
Cut dkVuk Cut Cut Cutting Cuts
Cost ykxr vkuk Cost Cost Costing Costs
Hit pksV ekjuk Hit Hit Hitting Hits
Hurt t[eh gksuk Hurt Hurt Hurting Hurts

50
 PERSONA REGULAR VERBS PART-2
1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Act dk;Z djuk Acted Acted Acting Acts
Answer mRrj nsuk Answered Answered Answering Answers
Appoint fu;qDr djuk Appointed Appointed Appointing Appoints
Admire iz'kalk djuk Admired Admired Admiring Admires
Abuse xkyh nsuk Abused Abused Abusing Abuses
Add tksM+uk Added Added Adding Adds
Advise lykg nsuk Advised Advised Advising Advises
Attack vkØe.k djuk Attacked Attacked Attacking Attacks
Allow vkKk nsuk Allowed Allowed Allowing Allows
Appear izdV gksuk Appeared Appeared Appearing Appears
Arrive igqqapkuk Arrived Arrived Arriving Arrives
Arrest fxj¶rkj djuk Arrested Arrested Arresting Arrests
Ask iwNUkk Asked Asked Asking Asks
Bark HkkSaduk Barked Barked Braking Barks
Bake idkuk Baked Baked Baking Bakes
Bathe ugkuk Bathed Bathed Bathing Bathes
Beg ekaxuk Begged Begged Begging Begs
Believe ;dhu djuk Believed Believed Believing Believes
Bless vk'khokZn nsuk Blessed Blessed Blessing Blesses
Behave O;ogkj djuk Behaved Behaved Behaving Behaves
Boil mckyuk Boiled Boiled Boiling Boils
Boast ’ks[kh ekjuk Boasted Boasted Boasting Boasts
Borrow m/kkj ysuk Borrowed Borrowed Borrowing Borrows
Breed iSnk djuk Bred Bred Breeding Breeds
Bury दफनाना Buried Buried Burying Buries
Carry ys tkuk Carried Carried Carrying Carries
Call iqdkjuk Called Called Calling Calls
Climb Pk<+uk Climbed Climbed Climbing Climbs
Copy udy djuk Copied Copied Copying Copies
Complain f'kdk;r djuk Complained Complained Complaining Complains
Cry fpYYkkuk Cried Cried Crying Cries
Clean lkQ djuk Cleaned Cleaned Cleaning Cleans
Close cUn djuk Closed Closed Closing Closes
Change cnyuk Changed Changed Changing Changes
Check jksduk Checked Checked Checking Checks
Clap rkyh ctkuk Clapped Clapped Clapping Claps
Collect ,d= djuk Collected Collected Collecting Collects
Complete iwjk djuk Completed Completed Completing Completes
Count fxuuk Counted Counted Counting Counts
Confuse ?kcjkuk Confused Confused Confusing Confuses
Cook idkuk Cooked Cooked Cooking Cooks
Consult lykg nsuk Consulted Consulted Consulting Consults

51
 1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Cover <duk Covered Covered Covering Covers
Crow ckax nsuk Crowed Crowed Crowing Crows
Cross ikj djuk Crossed Crossed Crossing Crosses
Calculate x.kuk djuk Calculated Calculated Calculating Calculates
Cultivate gy pykuk Cultivated Cultivated Cultivating Cultivates
Carve dkVuk] mdssjuk Carved Carved Carving Carves
Cease jksduk]cUn djuk Cased Cased Ceasing Ceases
Certify izekf.kr djuk Certified Certified Certifying Certifies
Challenge pqukSrh nsuk Challenged Challenged Challenging Challenges
Chew pckuk Chewed Chewed Chewing Chews
Civilize lH; cukuk Civilized Civilized civilizing Civilize
Dip xksrk yxkuk Dipped Dipped Dipping Dips
Die ejuk Died Died Dying Dies
Dye jaxuk Dyed Dyed Dyeing Dyes
Decide fu.kZ; djuk Decided Decided Deciding Decides
Decorate ltkuk Decorated Decorated Decorating Decorates
Divide ckaVuk Divided Divided Dividing Divides
Dance ukpuk Danced Danced Dancing Dances
Deceive /kks[kk nsuk Deceived Deceived Deceiving Deceives
Defeat gjkuk Defeated Defeated Defeating Defeats
Desire bPNk djuk Desired Desired Desiring Desires
Discover [kkstuk Discovered Discovered Discovering Discovers
Dry lq[kkuk Dried Dried Drying Dries
Drown Mwcuk Drowned Drowned Drowning Drowns
Declare ?kks"k.kk djuk Declared Declared Declaring Declares
Depart vyx gksuk Departed Departed Departing Departs
Describe o.kZu djuk Described Described Describing Describes
Earn dekuk Earned Earned Earning Earns
Enter izos'kdjuk Entered Entered Entering Enters
Examine tkapuk Examined Examined Examining Examine
Employ ukSdjh esa j[kuk Employed Employed Employing Employs
Explain le>kuk Explained Explained Explaining Explains
Elect pquuk Elected Elected Electing Elects
Educate f'k{kk nsuk Educated Educated Educating Educates
Enable ;ksX; djuk Enabled Enabled Enabling Enables
Encourage mRlkfgr djuk Encouraged Encouraged Encouraging Encourages
End lekIr djuk Ended Ended Ending Ends
Enlarge cM+k djuk Enlarged Enlarged Enlarging Enlarges
Ensure fuf'pr djuk Ensured Ensured Ensuring Ensures
Fine tqekZuk djuk Fined Fined Fining Fines
Flee Hkkxuk fled fled Feeling Flees
Fear Mjuk Feared Feared Fearing Fears
Face lkeuk djuk Faced Faced Facing Faces
Finish lekIr djuk Finished Finished Finishing Finishes
Fail vlQy gksuk Failed Failed Failing Fails
Follow ihNk djuk Followed Followed Following Follows

52
 1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Fill Hkjuk Filled Filled Filling Fills
Fold yisVuk Folded Folded Folding Folds
Force foo'k djuk Forced Forced Forcing Forces
Graze pjuk Grazed Grazed Grazing Grazes
Gather ,d= djuk Gathered Gathered Gathering Gathers
Grant nsuk]Lohdkj djuk Granted Granted Granting Grants
Rub jxM+uk Rubbed Rubbed Rubbing Rubs
Ruin Uk"V djuk Ruined Ruined Ruining Ruins
Rain Ok"kkZ gksuk Rained Rained Raining Rains
Reply mRrj nsuk Replied Replied Replying Replies
Reach igqapuk Reached Reached Reaching Reaches
Receive izkIr djuk Received Received Receiving Receives
Rest vkjke djuk Rested Rested Resting Rests
Remember ;kn j[kuk Remembered Remembered Remembering Remembers
Return ykSVkuk Returned Returned Returning Returns
Serve lsok djuk Served Served Serving Serves
Shiver dkaiuk Shivered Shivered Shivering Shivers
Shout fpYykuk Shouted Shouted Shouting Shouts
Smile eqLdqjkuk Smiled Smiled Smiling Smiles
Solve gy djuk Solved Solved Solving Solves
Stay Bgjuk Stayed Stayed Staying Stays
Stop jksduk Stopped Stopped Stopping Stops
Study v/;;u djuk Studied Studied Studying Studies
Save cpkuk Saved Saved Saving Saves
Slip fQlyuk Slipped Slipped Slipping Slips
Surprise pfdr gksuk Surprised Surprised Surprising Surprises
Tease ijs'kku djuk Teased Teased Teasing Teases
Tempt yqHkkuk Tempted Tempted Tempting Tempts
Tie Ckak/kuk Tied Tied Tying Ties
Touch Nwuk Touched Touched Touching Touches
Transfer Rkcknyk djuk Transferred Transferred transferring Transfers
Travel ;k=k djuk Travelled Travelled Travelling Travels
Tremble dkaiuk Trembled Trembled Trembling Trembles
Try dksf'k’k djuk Tried Tried Trying Tries
Talk ckr djuk Talked Talked Talking Talks
Trust fo'okl djuk Trusted Trusted Trusting Trusts
Use iz;ksx djuk Used Used Using Uses
Unite ,dtqV gksuk United United Uniting Unites
Untie [kksyuk Untied Untied Unt ing Untie
Wash /kksuk Washed Washed Washing Washes
Waste u"V gksuk Wasted Wasted Wasting Wastes
Walk pyuk Walked Walked Walking Walks
Wait izrh{kk djuk Waited Waited Waiting Waits
Yield >qduk Yielded Yielded Yielding Yields
Wish bPNk djuk Wished Wished Wishing Wishes
Wander ?kweuk Wandered Wandered Wandering Wanders

53
 1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Wander ?kweuk Wandered Wandered Wandering Wanders
Wed ’kknh djuk Wedded Wedded Wedding Weds
Wound ?kk;y gksuk Wounded Wounded Wounding Wounds
Worship iwtk djuk Worshipped Worshipped Worshipping Worships
Wonder vk'p;Z djuk Wondered Wondered Wondering Wonders
Yield >qduk Yielded Yielded Yielding Yields
Guide ekxZ fn[kkuk Guided Guided Guiding Guides
Hang yVdkuk Hanged Hanged Hanging Hangs
Hear lquuk Heard Heard Hearing Hears
Honor vknj nsuk Honored Honored Honoring Honors
Hate ?k`.kk djuk Hated Hated Hating Hates
Help lgk;rk djuk Helped Helped Helping Helps
Hire HkkM+s ij j[kuk Hired Hired Hiring Hires
Hunt f'kdkj djuk Hunted Hunted Hunting Hunts
Invite fueU=.k djuk Invited Invited Inviting Invites
Improve lq/kkjuk Improved Improved Improving Improves
Inform lwfpr djuk Informed Informed Informing Informs
Insult vuknj djuk Insulted Insulted Insulting Insults
Jump dwnuk Jumped Jumped Jumping Jumps
Join feykuk Joined Joined Joining Joins
Jerk >Vdk nsuk Jerked Jerked Jerking Jerks
Jest etkd djuk Jested Jested Jesting Jests
Judge fu.kZ; djuk Judged Judged Judging Judges
Kill ekjuk Killed Killed killing Kills
Knit cquuk Knitted Knitted Knitting Knits
Knock [kV[kVkuk Knocked Knocked Knocking Knocks
Kick Bksdj ekjuk Kicked Kicked Kicking Kicks
Love izse djuk Loved Loved Loving Loves
Live jguk Lived Lived Living Lives
Lie >wB cksyuk Lied Lied Lying Lies
Like ilUn djuk Liked Liked Liking Likes
Listen lquuk Listened Listened Listening Listens
Look ns[kuk Looked Looked Looking Looks
Leap dwnuk Leaped Leaped Leaping Leaps
Marry fookg djuk Married Married Marrying Marries
Move fgyuk Moved Moved Moving Moves
Melt fi?kyuk Melted Melted Melting Melts
Mend lq/kkjuk Mended Mended Mending Mends
Mix feykuk Mixed Mixed Mixing Mixes
Murder dRy djuk Murdered Murdered Murdering Murders
Need t:jr gksuk Needed Needed Needing Needs
Name uke j[kuk Named Named Naming Names
Notice ns[kuk Noticed Noticed Noticing Notices
Nurse lsok djuk Nursed Nursed Nursing Nurses
Obey vkKk ekuuk Obeyed Obeyed Obeying Obeys
Open [kksyuk Opened Opened Opening Opens

54
 1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Order vkns'k nsuk Ordered Ordered Ordering Orders
Offer is'k djuk Offered Offered Offering Offers
Observe fujh{k.k djuk Observed Observed Observing Observes
Part vyx gksuk Parted Parted Parting Parts
Permit vkKk nsuk Permitted Permitted Permitting Permits
Pray izkFkZuk djuk Prayed Prayed Praying Prays
Press nckuk Pressed Pressed Pressing Presses
Produce iSnk djuk Produced Produced Producing Produces
prove fl) djuk Proved Proved Proving Proves
Punish naM nsuk Punished Punished Punishing Punishes
Play [ksyuk Played Played Playing Plays
Peep >kaduk Peeped Peeped Peeping Peeps
Prepare rS;kj djuk Prepared Prepared Preparing Prepares
Pull [khapuk Pulled Pulled Pulling Pulls
Promise opu nsuk Promised Promised Promising Promises
Push /kdsyuk Pushed Pushed Pushing Pushes
Quarrel >xM+uk Quarreled Quarreled Quarrelling Quarrels
Reap dkVuk Reaped Reaped Reaping Reaps
Recognize igpkuuk Recognized Recognized Recognizing Recognizes
Refuse इं कार करना Refused Refused Refusing Refuses
Cut dkVuk Cut Cut Cutting Cuts
Cost ykxr vkuk Cost Cost Costing Costs
Hit pksV ekjuk Hit Hit Hitting Hits

PART-3
¼bu Verbs esa rhuksa Form ,d tSlh gksrh gSA½

1st Form ¼vFkZ½ 2nd Form 3rd Form ing form ‘S’ and ‘es’
Bet 'krZ yxkuk Bet Bet Betting Bets
Bid cksyh yxkuk Bid Bid Bidding Bids
Burst QVuk Burst Burst Bursting Bursts
Cast QSaduk Cast Cast Casting Casts
Cut dkVuk Cut Cut Cutting Cuts
Cost ykxr vkuk Cost Cost Costing Costs
Hit pksV ekjuk Hit Hit Hitting Hits
Hurt t[eh gksuk Hurt Hurt Hurting Hurts
Knit cquuk Knit Knit Knitting Knits
Let nsuk Let Let Letting Lets
Put j[kuk Put Put Putting Puts
Quit NksM+uk Quit Quit Quitting Quits
Rid eqDr djuk Rid Rid Ridding Rids
Read i<+uk Read Read Reading Reads
Set vLr gksuk Set Set Setting Sets
Shed fxjuk Shed Shed Shedding Sheds
Shut cUn djuk Shut Shut Shutting Shuts

55
 DAILY ROUTINE

I wake up early in the morning.

Then I freshen up.
Then I begin my day.
Then I get back to my bed room.
Then I change.
Then I go to morning walk.
Then I walk a little there.
Then I go to gym from morning walk.
Then I do exercise there.
Then I get back to home.
Then I make plan for today’s routine.
Then I take a cup of coffee & read newspaper.
Then I get ready.
After getting ready I take my breakfast.
Then my mamma packs the lunch box.
Then I leave the home at 10 o’clock.
Then I reach my School/College/Office.
School gets start at 10 am.
Then I study there.
& then School gets over at 4 o’clock.
Then I get back to home.
Then I do my homework.
Then I make some notes for exam.
Then my friends come to home.
Then we study together.
Then I go to park with my friends.
Then I enjoy there with my friends.
Then I get back to home.
Then I sit to study.
Then I begin study.
Then I work on my laptop.
Then I turn on music system.
Then I play song on music system.
Then I listen song very loudly.
Then I feel good.
Then I wash my hand.
Then I take dinner.
Then I watch T.V.
Then I go to bed with my book & read something.
Then I sleep & dream. & Then it is the same story tomorrow.

56
 YESTERDAY’S ROUTINE

Yesterday, I woke up late in the morning at 8o’clock

Because it was Sunday yesterday & I usually wake up late on Sunday,
then I drank water than I got fresh than I brushed on my teeth and washed my face, then
my mother called me for taking tea, then I took tea then my mother ordered me to go to
market for bringing vegetables. Then I took a carry bag and came out from house then I
took out my bike and cleaned it. Then I went to market by the bike.
I purchased vegetables and went to hotel for taking breakfast then I took breakfast and
paid the bill, than I came back at my home then my mother started doing preparation for
cooking food, then I went in my room and searched my mobile then I found some
received massages through my dear friends then I replied them then I switched on T.V.
and stared watching songs then I started dancing meanwhile my father came back at
home then I switched off T.V. and started studying .After studying for a while, I took bath
then I went into the kitchen , my mother was cooking food then she served me food,
after taking lunch I went to my friends home at 2 o’clock then we both played video
game at his home then his mother made tea for us then I took tea then I came back at my
home at 5 o’ clock and that time my father was not at home so I switched on T.V. and
started watching songs then I sent massage to my all friends then I got ready to go to
temple with my mother then we went to temple at 7 o’clock in evening then I offered a
coconut and prayed to god then we came back at our home then my mother cooked food
then I took dinner with my family members then I went into my room & switched on
computer, then I worked on computer for a while then I arranged my bad then I slept .

Keep smiling
Peace begins with a smile.
“Smile! It increases your face value.”
“Always find opportunities to make someone smile
“Smile, it is the key that fits the lock of everybody’s heart.”
“Share your smile with the world. It’s a symbol of friendship and peace.”

57
 TOMORROW’S PLANE
Tomorrow I will wake up early morning.
Then I will go to morning walk.
Then I will do exercise there.
Then I will return from there.
Then I will brush on my teeth.
Then I will prepare tea.
Then I will take tea.
Then I will read news paper.
Then I will bathe.
Then I will worship of god.
Then I will take break-fast.
Then I will get ready for my work.
Then I will arrange my bag.
Then I will come out from my house.
Then I will meet my friends.
Then I will do my work.
Then I will take a break.
Then I will take lunch at 2 o’clock.
Then I will finish my work.
Then I will return to my home.
Then I will go to my room.
Then I will take some rest for a while.
Then I will turn on my Laptop.
Then I will work on my laptop.
Then I will connect net.
Then I will surf net for some time
Then I will turn off my laptop.
Then I will take tea.
Then I will discuss with my family.
Then I will go to market.
Then I will watch T.V. for entertainment
Then I will watch my favorite serials.
Then I will take dinner with my family.
Then I will send message to my friends.
Then I will get replies from them.
Then I will operate computer.
Then I will do my important work with it.
Then I will go to my room & set my bed.
Then I will sleep & dream.

58
 How to ask questions ( Part – 1)
1 Am I a teacher? 51 Are they good dancers?
2 Are you a teacher? 52 Are you from PI?
3 Is she a teacher? 53 Is this a good book?
4 Was I a teacher? 54 Is that a good Notebook?
5 Is he a minister? 55 Am I your teacher?
6 Are you kind? 56 Are you my friend?
7 Is he weak? 57 Is she you friend?
8 Are you happy? 58 Is he your best friend?
9 Am I glad? 59 Is Sachin your best buddy?
10 Were you unhappy? 60 Are you our friend?
11 Is she sad? 61 Is she your friend?
12 Are you mad? 62 Are you an actor?
13 Are you lazy? 63 Is that yours?
14 Am I rich? 64 Is she good sister?
15 Are you rich? 65 Are you okay?
16 Is she old? 66 Are you fine?
17 Is he brave? 67 Am I fine?
18 Are you beautiful? 68 Is she well?
19 Am I clever? 69 Is Krishna your friend?
20 Are they poor? 70 Are you there?
21 Are people honest? 71 Are you at college?
22 Are you dishonest? 72 Is she there?
23 Are you honest towards your work? 73 Is he with you?
24 Is he dancer? 74 Are you in school?
25 Is he smart? 75 Am I here?
26 Is she fat? 76 Are you in Indore?
27 Are you strong? 77 Is she in Mumbai?
27 Is this expensive? 78 Are you a good speaker?
29 Am I a leader? 79 Is she with her friend?
30 Are you a leader? 80 Was I there?
31 Is he famous? 81 Were you there?
32 Are we famous? 82 Will you be here?
33 Is PI famous? 83 Will she be here?
34 Are you intelligent? 84 Are you fine?
35 Am I a singer? 85 Is she aversatile dancer?
36 Are you from English medium? 86 Am I versatile teacher?
37 Is she good leader? 87 Are you a versatile Magician?
38 Are you a doctor? 88 Is she at play ground?
39 Am I a worker? 89 Are you on the dance floor?
40 Are you a professor? 91 Will you be a good teacher?
41 Is she an English professor? 92 Will she be a good Doctor?
42 Are you a gambler? 93 Are you in PI?
43 Are they a criminal? 94 Will she be in PI?
44 Are you intelligent? 95 Are you ready?
45 Are you mad? 96 Am I ready?
46 Am I your friend? 97 Is she so sad?
47 Are you a good father? 98 Is he so happy?
48 Are you a good mother? 99 Am I so happy?
49 Are you a good son? 100 Are you struggler?
50 Is she your friend? 101 Am I good guy?

59
102 Do you come here? 149 Did he run fast?
103 Does he meet you? 150 Did Ram become doctor?
104 Do they play cricket? 151 Did Dipu reach here?
105 Does Ram teach English? 152 Did you recollect cassettes?
106 Does he beat me? 153 Did he ride bike?
107 Do you jump into the river? 154 Did I jump from the roof?
108 Does she cook food? 155 Did he read a book?
109 Does he ask me any question? 155 Did she make tea?
110 Do you cheat me? 156 Did sir teach English?
111 Does Pooja befool me? 157 Did you fall down from the roof?
112 Does he play song? 158 Did he drink water?
112 Does he buy a book? 159 Did you buy a car?
113 Do you brush your teeth? 160 Did he take bath?
114 Do you apply for any job? 161 Did I play hockey?
115 Do they run with me? 162 Did they abuse me?
116 Does she teach with you? 163 Did she ask me?
117 Do you bring milk? 164 Did you run on the road?
118 Does Deepali cook food? 165 Did Shyam spend money?
119 Does she eat food? 166 Did she speak English?
120 Does Raj get 100 % in exam? 167 Did you vote me?
121 Do you grind grain? 168 Did I shut the door?
122 Do they purchase cloths? 169 Did you shoot me?
123 Does he help you? 170 Did Anil take money?
124 Do you help me? 171 Did you drive car?
125 Does he go there? 172 Did Raj fly in the sky?
126 Does she fill water? 173 Did they drive car?
127 Do you drink milk? 174 Did police take bribe?
128 Do they enquire with me? 175 Did you try again?
129 Does Aryan fill water? 176 Did she like me?
130 Do you go to market? 177 Did he give milk?
131 Does she go to school? 178 Did you trust on me?
132 Do you take tea? 179 Did boys enjoy here?
133 Does Kartik earn money? 180 Did he find book?
134 Do they give me money? 181 Did they do it?
135 Do we drive car? 182 Did you come here?
136 Does he teach English? 183 Did we get progress?
137 Does she drive a car? 184 Did Rani open the door?
138 Do they find apple? 185 Did I play cricket?
139 Does Sita forsake Ram? 186 Did she take tea?
140 Do you want a friend? 187 Did I play football?
141 Does she operate computer? 188 Did Shubhi pluck flower?
142 Do I hunt of tiger? 189 Did you pardon me?
143 Do they work hard? 190 Did Sachin win the match?
144 Does Ram befool Shyam? 191 Did she weep there?
145 Do they study? 192 Did I travel with you?
146 Do you run on the road? 193 Did she wake up?
147 Does Sonu want to work? 194 Did you tell story?
148 Do I dig a ditch? 195 Did she pray to God?
149 Do we drink milk? 196 Will you play hockey?

60
197 Will they find book? 247 Will they think about me?
198 Will you play cricket? 248 Is she making toys?
199 Will they work hard? 249 Are we reading book?
200 Will he become teacher? 250 Am I eating food?
201 Will Teacher teach you? 251 Is Shubhit speaking English?
202 Will they go there? 252 Are you repairing car?
203 Will he beat you? 253 Am I running fast?
204 Will I jump from the roof? 254 Is he doing work?
205 Will you take soft drink? 255 Are we spending money?
206 Will they purchase book? 256 Am I removing fear?
207 Will we learn English? 257 Is Nikhil siting in the car?
208 Will she cook food? 258 Are you spinning tree?
209 Will you sing with me? 259 Am I taking rest?
210 Will he ask me? 260 Are criminals spoiling society?
211 Will she catch the ball? 261 Is she revising verb?
212 Will they seek anything? 262 Am I swimming in river?
213 Will you break chair? 263 Are you coming in home?
214 Will Monkey climb on the tree? 264 Are they saying me anything?
215 Will he take bath? 265 Is he calling you?
216 Will Jeewan provide notes? 266 Am I saving you?
217 Will Saniya make record? 267 Are we reading book?
218 Will you prove it? 268 Is she watching movie?
219 Will he pay fee? 269 Am I selling book?
220 Will you pluck flower? 270 Are they shooting him?
221 Will we sing a song? 271 Is she singing a song?
223 Will I shut the door? 272 Is he studying in 12th?
224 Will they sleep? 273 Are we sowing?
225 Will you remind work? 274 Am I looking moon?
226 Will he take rest? 275 Is she shutting door?
227 Will she wash cloths? 276 Am I stabbing you?
228 Will you send letter? 277 Is sun rising in the east?
229 Will they watch movie? 278 Am I undertaking you?
230 Will he drink milk? 279 Is she dealing with me?
231 Will Ram kill Rawan? 280 Is he forgiving me?
232 Will she spoil food? 281 Are we driving car?
233 Will I say you stop? 282 Should he follow the tomorrow?
234 Will she read a book? 283 Should she get 50 marks to pass?
235 Will you learn English? 284 Would you behave like this?
236 Will they get knowledge? 285 Would I advice him?
237 Will we lose train? 286 Would he invite me?
238 Will you take it? 287 May he take that newspaper?
239 Will Anjali trust on me? 288 May I help you now?
240 Will he mistake there? 289 May she open the window?
241 Will he see dream? 290 Must I practice more?
242 Will you buy a bus? 291 Must you go to school?
243 Will you obey your mother? 292 Need I to come with you?
244 Will he teach English? 293 Need he to take rest for some time?
245 Will you go now? 294 Did you see this film?
246 Will you watch? 295 Will he ask about your promotion?

61
 How to ask questions (Part
- 02)
1 How are you? 41 When will your exam begin?
2 What is your name? 42 Which subject do you like to read?
3 What is your qualification? 43 In which subject are you weak?
4 What does your father do? 44 Why do you like English subject?
How many members are there in your
5 45 What will you do by learning English?
family?
6 How many brothers and sisters do you have? 46 When will party start?
7 What is/are your hobby/hobbies? 47 Why are you behaving very angrily?
8 Which is your native place? 48 Where is your pen?
From where had you completed your 12th
9 49 When will you think about me?
class?
10 How many % have you get in 12th class? 50 How long time will it take to go there?
11 What is your goal now? 51 What do you like?
12 What are you doing for your goal? 52 What does he think about us?
13 What is the aim of your life? 53 Why did you chide?
In which college have you completed your
14 54 What does he say about me?
graduation?
15 Where will you go for further studies? 55 What are you saying?
16 What do you want to become? 56 What are you doing here?
17 Where do you go in your leisure time? 57 What are you suggesting him?
18 Which is your favorite place? 58 What does this word mean?
19 Why do you like this place most? 59 When will you come again?
20 What is your good habit? 60 How do you go to college?
21 What is your bad habit 61 Where did you go?
22 Where are you? 62 What are you looking for?
23 With whom are you in college? 63 When do you get up in the morning?
24 Why are you saying me like this? 64 How did you know this?
25 Why are you worried? 65 How did you get into debt?
26 What do you do in afternoon? 66 Where did you find this book?
27 Which type of songs do you like most? 67 Why do you lie?
28 Which types of dance do you perform? 68 Whom did you ask?
29 From where did you purchase this bag? 69 Which book are you reading?
30 What is the price of this bag? 70 How many books did you buy?
31 What do you think about your college? 71 Which doctor are you going to visit?
32 When did you purchase it? 72 What did you do this for?
33 How are you feeling now? 73 What will you do now?
34 Where is your friend? 74 When does this plant flower?
35 Which quality do you like him most? 75 How will you do this?
36 Where did you meet him first time? 76 When did you meet him first?
37 When do you both go to market? 77 How did you find the class?
38 Why are you good speaker? 78 What did you tell him?
39 What is the time of your college? 79 When did this happen?
40 Where is your college? 80 How have you done this?

62
81 Can I walk? 121 Is everything fine?
82 Do I get up early in the morning? 122 Is it true?
83 Is he your cousin brother? 123 May I go home now?
84 Has father come? 124 Will we get this magazine for you?
85 Has he called you again? 125 Will you do this?
86 Is the moon shining? 126 Will you go for e week?
87 Are we listening to you? 127 Will this bus stop at Madras Hotel?
88 Has my father gone out? 128 Should I call him?
89 Have I seen it? 129 Should I visit him?
90 Do you speak English? 130 Can you stay for a day?
91 Ought I to sleep now? 131 Can you lend me your book for a week?
92 Must she write first? 132 Can I see Mr. Prakash ?
93 Can you find your book? 133 What do you want?
94 Could they repair it for me? 134 What are you writing?
95 Could you show me the way? 135 What do you want to say?
96 Will she be able to get the cinema tickets? 136 What is your name?
97 Will you be able to come to see us? 137 What is your father name?
98 Should he go to bed early? 138 What are doing now a day?
99 Should the rich help the poor? 139 What have you seen in Agra?
100 Dare I do it? 140 What did you write to your father?
101 Need you be told to be careful? 141 Who are they?
102 May I have the room? 142 Who sang the song?
103 Would you wait for a few minutes? 143 Who will go to the market?
104 Did he give you money often? 144 Who can do this work?
105 Must I save money? 145 Whom does she want to meet?
106 Is there any need to discuss this? 146 Who is the owner of this home?
107 Have I written to her? 147 How does he go to school?
108 Has she replied to my letter? 148 How is your father?
109 Do you know his address? 149 How did you go to Shimla?
110 Have you anything else to say? 150 How did you return from there?
111 Are you annoyed? 151 How was your health in Shimla?
112 Are you going to the market? 152 How was the weather there?
113 Did he know you? 153 How old is your son?
114 Are you going out shopping? 154 How far is Dadaji temple from here?
115 Are the tomatoes fresh? 155 How are you feeling now?
116 Has he seen your house? 156 Which song did you prefer?
117 Has he written to you? 157 Which book are you reading?
118 Have you taken the medicine? 158 Which is your favorite movie?
119 Did you get something? 159 When do you revise your lesson?
120 May I make a request? 160 When are you coming to us?

63
161 When did you meet Sanjay? 200 Why should we do exercise?
162 Where do you work? 201 Why do people read the newspaper?
163 From where do you buy books? 202 What is troubling you?
164 Where do you live? 203 What is her dog name?
165 From where did you buy your suit? 204 What do they want now?
166 Why do you drink milk daily? 205 Whom do you wish to see?
167 Why is Meenakshi teacher so strict? 206 Who owns this car?
168 Would you like to join us? 207 What do you think?
169 What should I do now? 208 What did you say?
170 Why do you not listen to me? 209 How do you earn so much money?
Which one between these two dresses will
171 210 How can a man make many friends?
suit me better?
172 Where should I look for him? 211 Which book do you want now?
What can I do for you? 212 What has happened to him?
173 May I use your phone? 213 What is your suit made of?
174 Do you recognize him? 214 When do you plan to visit your auntie?
175 Are they foreigners? 215 When will you be able to see me?
176 Will it be Sunday tomorrow? 216 When will you sleep last night?
177 Have you finished your work? 217 Where did she invest the money?
178 Could you find the book for sir? 218 Why must you work hard?
179 Must Sunil wait till 12 o’clock? 219 Why did he lend cycle?
180 Has she learnt English? 220 Why did she vote for Dr. mishra?
181 Can you speak English? 221 Whose telephone number is this?
182 Should you not talk like this? 222 Does Rama know how to prepare tea?
183 How pleasant it is? 223 Will we be there?
184 Can you think about yourself? 224 What is the date tomorrow?
185 Will she reach here soon? 225 Is this your pencil?
186 Do we forget over childhood? 226 Are these her books?
187 What wrong with you? 227 Is Mr. Sharma your teacher?
188 What has he decided? 228 Are meeta and Neeta sister?
189 Who thinks? 229 Is this watch mine?
190 Whom did I see yesterday? 230 Can you trust them?
191 Who cleans your house? 231 Who is knocking at the door?
192 How many boys ran in the race? 232 Whose luggage is this?
193 How did he work? 233 Who is that?
194 Which is your note book? 234 Whose books are on the box?
195 Who answered the question? 235 Is the clerk on the seat?
196 When did you return from Bombay? 236 Is Neha coming in the room?
197 When will you be able to repay the loan? 237 Why do not you sit on the table?
198 When are you going to start learning English? 238 Is there a bridge over the Yamuna river?

199 Where did she spend her summer vacation? 239 Are birds flying over the bridge?

64
240 Why are you engineer? 281 How many books have I brought?
241 Have you any car? 282 How much rice will they sell?
242 Is the doctor here? 283 In which class is his brother studying?
243 Are they going anywhere? 284 What kind of man was the officer?
244 Can you sit here? 285 From where does she buy wool?
245 Should his father come here? 286 Is the road narrow?
245 Will Hari be going there? 287 Does she were dirty clothes?
246 Will tea have been prepared? 288 Why does the teacher discourages the student?
247 Does he see a bird? 289 Should we obey our parents?
248 Does the train reach late? 290 Is this gate some time closed?
249 Does Dinesh study English? 291 Is ram strongest man in this area?
250 Did they see two birds? 292 Is the book to heavy?
251 Did he fail in the examination? 293 Did he know much matter?
252 Why do we hate you? 294 Can I forget you?
254 Am I a player? 295 Who is free from vices?
255 Are you singer? 296 What have I done to make you angry?
256 Have we taken tea? 297 Where can one find the comforts of home?
257 Will she be cooking food? 298 What though we lost all?
258 Will food have been serving? 299 Who gave you the power to sign this paper?
259 Can the boy work here? 300 Who does not love his country?
260 When do we bring toys? 301 Who thinks himself to be of less importance?
261 With whom does she sing a song? 302 Are we born simply to eat?
262 Where does Gopal go? 303 Shall we ever see her living again?
263 Why does his brother fly a kite? 304 Why we give him enough money?
264 Did you know him? 305 Have they enough mangoes?
265 Who is making noise? 306 Do you not have enough milk?
266 Who will have cooked food? 307 Has the field yielded enough corn?
267 Who has copied the lesson? 308 Have flowers been plucked?
268 Who brought mangoes? 309 What have I listened?
269 Who did not come at time? 310 When have you taken food?
Why has he given me money to start my
270 Who brings latter? 311
business?
271 Who copy the lesson? 312 Has mother bought some mangoes?
272 Who does not come prepared? 313 Have I some books on this subject?
When has the officer received some complaints
273 Who do not catch fish? 314
from people against the clerk?
274 Who punishes the boys? 315 Are there some mangoes trees in our garden?
275 What are you doing? 316 Are some roads of town in very bad condition?
276 What has the boy brought? 317 Has the merchant sold some sugar?
278 When did your father come? 318 Is there some milk in the pot?
279 Where does Dinesh go at 6 p.m.? 319 Will you give me some money?
280 How will you study in future? 320 Has he got any roses in his garden?

65
321 Have you seen any of them recently? 361 Has he got a car?
322 Is there any milk cake left? 362 Have you any business with me?
323 Did you see kangaroos in the zoo? 363 Who is coming?
324 Is there any more shops? 364 What is the menu for dinner?
325 Has father taken any food? 365 Whose telephone number is this?
326 Where are you going? 366 How have you come back?
327 Has mother purchased any apples? 367 Why have you dropped your studies?
328 Is there some milk in the pot? 368 How is your mother now?
329 Have you touched anything? 369 How do you do?
330 Do you want any money? 370 Which is the best hotel here?
Do his brothers play any game in the
331 371 Who is this?
morning?
332 Why haven’t you done any work? 372 Where is Ajay sir?
333 Will they not sing any song? 373 What is the new?
334 Does she sweep any room? 374 When will we meet again?
335 Does she sell many books? 375 How much did this coat cost you?
How many mobile do you expect the
336 376 For how long have you been here?
parent’s day?
337 Why are you sitting here? 377 How long will it take?
338 What happened? 378 Why do you trouble yourself?
339 Had you asked for me? 379 Why is the road closed?
340 May I go? 380 What movie is on today?
341 Are you coming? 381 What are you looking for?
342 Should I bring it? 382 Why are you so serious?
343 How are you? 383 What should I were in the party tonight?
344 Did you understand? 384 Where should I contact you?
345 What do you mean? 385 Is there any problem?
346 Is the boss in? 386 Are you going to be late tonight?
347 Who is it? 387 May I have a dance with you?
348 What is the matter? 388 Why don't you come?
349 Where is Dinesh? 389 Where do you work?
350 When did you come? 390 How many pens did you buy?
351 Do we begin? 391 At what time did you go?
352 Will you do one thing? 392 Which one do you like?
353 Is it holiday today? 393 Whose car were you driving?
354 Will you go? 394 Who is coming to lunch?
355 What is the trouble? 395 Whom do you want to invite to lunch?
356 Are you angry? 396 What did you do?
357 How is the family? 397 Whom did you speak to?
358 What can I do for you? 398 What are you looking at?
359 Where are we now? 399 Where does he come from?
Did he come after me?
360 What did you like ? 400

66
401 Where will we meet tomorrow? 441 How much do you earn?
402 Why had you gone there? 442 How long will the meeting last?
403 Which newspaper do you read? 443 What is your opinion?
404 When did you come to know this? 444 What is your age/How old are you?
405 How did you guess? 445 How tell are you?
406 Where does this road go? 446 What is the height of this cupboard?
407 Why are you looking so sad? 447 How much interest are you paying for this loan?
How many students do not come to class
408 Which language do you speak? 448
regularly?
409 How many hours do they work? 449 What work do you do?
On which plate form will the train come
410 450 When does the class start?
for Mumbai?
411 Whom are you telling? 451 Which game are you playing?
412 Which time will you be suit? 452 How can you hold me responsible for every?
413 Whose book do you use? 453 What is all this hurry for?
414 How much money did you spend? 454 When did you hear this?
415 Which boy comes late? 455 Where does this bus go?
416 What price did he ask? 456 Why are you shouting?
417 Whom did he help? 457 Whose help will you take in this work?
418 In which book did you read this? 458 What do you fear most?
419 Whose advice will you take? 459 How fast was he driving?
420 How many days will you stay there? 460 What kind of thing do you like in your father?
421 How much time do you read every day? 461 Does your father belong from village?
422 Whom will he ask now? 462 From where is he?
423 Which team do you play for now? 463 Do you ever go to village?
424 Whose help had you taken in this work? 464 Do you want to become like your mother?
425 How many times have you taken this? 465 Did you do love marriage or arrange marriage?
426 How marks did you get in the exam? 466 What is your father opinion about you?
What does your father understand to you
427 Which car cost in less? 467
intelligent or foolish?
428 What is this tool for? 468 Why does he think so?
429 How many people are coming? 469 Are you really foolish?
Do you want to do something special for your
430 Whose dog barks? 470
family?
431 Which horse won the race? 471 Is your father your supporter?
432 How much money do you have? 472 Does he give you money?
433 What were they quarrelling about for? 473 Do you use that money in right way?
434 How many people have come? 474 Have you your own house?
435 Which perfume do you apply? 475 Does your father go to duty on foot or by vehicle?
436 How much money will you need? 476 What is your family background?
437 How much weight can this truck carry? 477 How many brother & sister do you have?
438 How long will you wait? 478 What does your brother do?
439 What happened to your shirt? 479 What are their good names?
440 What do you know? 480 Are they intelligent than you or foolish?

67
481 Did your brother ever fight with you ever? 520 Is Nidhi better speaker than you?
482 What did you do that time? 521 Am I your teacher?
483 Does your brother do job anywhere? 522 What do I teach you?
484 Where does he job? 523 Who is manshi?
485 How much money does he earn? 524 Is manshi good girl?
486 Is he satisfied from his job? 525 Do you meet her in leisure time?
487 What do you think about your brother? 526 How did you define friendship?
488 Is your brother angry or amicable? 527 How do you feel when you with her?
489 Did he ever hurt you ever? 528 For what purpose do you come here?
490 Did your brother do anything for you apart
529 What do you take in negative way?
from your relation?
491 Does your brother live with you? 530 Why do you want to become a good speaker?
492 What are his wishes for you? 531 Is it possible to become a good speaker?
Which is the more important for success-
success beauty
493 Has he completed his whole education? 532
or talent?
494 What do you except from your brother? 533 Why khandwa is famous?
495 Will your brother fulfill your desire? 534 Can you sing a song here?
496 Is your brother idle? 535 In which field do you work?
497 What are the qualities in your sister? 536 Are you famous dancer?
Is your family affording money for you for
498 537 Which type of dance do you dance?
your education?
499 Have you trust on them? 538 Can they speak English?
Write down the 5 qualities of each member
500 539 Is your time pass friend?
of your family?
501 Who is more earning in your family? 540 Which is your subject?
502 Are you naughty or mischievous? 541 Why didn’t you go to college?
503 What is your future plan? 542 Which lecture did you attend?
504 Would you do anything special? 543 Why are you interested in English language?
505 Have you planed for that? 544 Will you come here daily?
506 Are you doing something for that? 545 What is the mean of PI ?
507 How will he be living there? 546 Which was it branch?
508 Where did you find out my glass? 547 How many branches are there in khandwa?
509 Why did he commit suicide? 548 Which is the best branch?
510 Whose books are you using? 549 Why girls don’t take admission in MBA?
511 How will he have done this? 550 What’s your next plan?
512 Where will you go now? 551 Which coaching would you like to go?
513 Which subject does he teach? 552 Which is the famous coaching class?
514 Whose advice have you taken? 553 Are you interested in govt. job?
How did the scratches appear on this
515 554 Didn’t you teach in Dadaji college?
mirror?
516 Where are you coming from? 555 What is your elder sister doing?
517 How many questions did you write? 556 What is her qualification?
518 Are you good at communication skill? 557 Why did I scold her?
519 Who told you to join the P.I.?? 558 Had you gone there?

68
559 Will she rejoin P.I.? 559 Can I walk for a while?
With whom were you reading a book while
560 What has he decided? 281
walking?
561 What do think about him? 282 Was your aunt singing at your house?
562 Whom did you see yesterday? 283 Had you not gone at the cinema?
563 Who cleans your house? 284 Had he closed the shop?
564 How many boys did run in the race? 285 When had he met you till yesterday?
565 How did he work? 286 Had you met Rohit
ohit anywhere before?
Why Had the train left before you reached the
566 Which is your notebook? 287
station?
Had your mother gone to market before you
567 When did you return from Bombay? 288
reached?
568 When will you be able to repay the loan? 289 Had you been studying since the last two hours?
When are you going to start learning
569 290 Had you read a book?
English?
570 Where did she spend her summer? 291 Where were you reading a book?
571 Why do people read the newspaper? 292 Will you play?
572 What is her dog’s name? 293 Will you come tomorrow?
573 What do they want now? 294 Will you stay here tonight?
574 Whom do you earn so much money? 295 Will you see Raja tonight?
575 How can a person make many friends? 296 Will you be in the train at this time tomorrow?
576 What is your suit made of? 297 Will we be playing a match at this time?
577 When do you plan to visit your aunt? 298 Will we be coming to simla again and again?
578 When will you be able to see me? 299 Will she have gone?
Will you have come back from Kolkata by next
579 Where did you sleep last night? 300
month?
580 Why must you work hard? 301 Will you have taken your test by this time?
581 Why did you lend him your cycle? 302 Will your brother have returned from Canada?
Will you have been sleeping at this time
582 Why did you vote for Dr.Mishra?
Mishra? 303
tomorrow?
583 Does Rama
ama know how to prepare tea? 304 What will your brother, Rajiv
R have been doing?
584 What will be date tomorrow? 305 Can he play sitar?
585 Is there any letter for me? 306 Can she return my book?
586 Have they been searching a job? 307 Can ram read Sanskrit?
Has she been bearing oppression for two
587 308 May I attend bal Sabah?
year?
Have you been working in this field since
588 309 May I accompany Suresh?
2006?
Has he been glancing at moon since last
589 310 Could you do this work alone?
night?
590 Have I been seeking my watch for 1 hour? 311 Could she help you on the time?
Has Nilesh been depriving for food since
591 312 Could bring me a glass of water?
childhood?
592 Had you been conflicting for 4 months? 313 Might sohan have helped him?
593 Did you gate up early yesterday? 314 Might he have come here?
594 Did you have breed and butter? 315 Must I attend his marriage?
595 When did Rajni come to you at noon? 316 Must I reach home by 10o’clock?

69
596 Did you write this essay at night? 630 Ought we to love our younger brother?
Did you make your bed before coming at
597 631 Should you attend the class more regularly?
school?
598 When did you learn this lesson yesterday? 632 Can you do this job?
599 Were you out shopping yesterday? 633 Can you sing a song?
600 Are boats under the bridge? 634 Which animal give us milk?
596 Is Ram before Seeta? 635 Whose animal are bark?
597 What are you going to do tonight? 636 Which animal has a long neck?
598 What are you doing next week? 637 Which animal give us wool?
599 When do you plan to do your homework? 638 Which animal has a bushy tail?
Which animal is more powerful between lion and
600 When are you going to eat dinner? 639
elephant?
What time do we have to leave for the
601 640 What do mules do?
airport?
602 What should we do tonight? 641 Which animal has a trunk?
603 What are you going to do tonight? 642 Which animal has a hump on it’s back?
604 What are you doing next week? 643 Which animal has horns?
What time do you have to leave for the
605 644 Which insect lives in a hive?
airport?"
606 What should we do tonight?" 645 Which is your favorite animal?
607 What did you do today? 646 Which is your food?
608 Which film did you like best? 647 Which insect weaves webs?
609 Whom did I phone? 648 Which are the beasts of prey?
610 What happened today? 649 Do they teach you exercise in your school?
611 Which film is best? 650 Which is your football team?
612 Who phoned me? 651 Can I play badminton with your racket?
613 How often does she use it? 652 Is the boss in?
614 Can we smoke in your room? 653 Does she dye her hair?
615 Will you give me a lift? 654 Do you have a joint family?
616 Why are you not well? 655 Do you have a shirting?
For how many days would you have to take
617 Why are you losing your temper? 656
leave?
618 What wrong have I done to you? 657 Can you make this graphic design on computer?
Why do you quarrel with him
619 658 Is it late?
unnecessary?
620 How are you concerned with your officer? 659 How far is the railway station from here?
621 When will you get back? 660 Is a taxi available here?
622 When do I see you again? 661 Why are you laughing?
623 Have you arranged a meeting with her? 662 What type of dress was he wearing?
624 Does your shoe pinch you? 663 What are you talking about?
625 Is the stuff good? 664 Why did not you complain to the boss?
626 Is the colour fast? 665 What is the time for next bus?
627 Do you accept cheques? 666 What is the French word for ‘Donkey’?
628 Why do not you let me study? 667 Why don’t these windows shut?
629 How are you getting on with your studies? 668 What is the date today?

70
669 Why do not you pay attention? 705 What kind of book is this?
670 Why do you chatter? 706 Why did not you phone yesterday?
671 Who has set this paper? 707 Which is the capital of India?
672 Do you have a spare exercise book? 708 Where will you be this time tomorrow?
673 Have you offered art? 709 What is for breakfast?
674 Whose is this pen? 710 Have you knowledge about any special field?
675 What kind of job are you looking for? 711 Do you know anything about politics?
676 Does your mother work anything? 712 How many persons are there in politics?
677 What is your mother’s good name? 713 Whom do you know?
Does your father understand properly your Will Rahul Gandhi become prime minister of
678 714
mother? India?
According to you who is more responsible for
679 Who is the main part of your family? 715
decreasing the value of politics?
Does your father earn more in your
680 716 Which party is best – BJP or Congress
family?
681 What kind of salary does your father get? 717 How did you get here
682 Are you satisfied from mother & father? 718 Have congress people right to run our country?
683 Do your father & mother believe on god? 719 In which party are there lots of gundas?
684 Why do they believe on god? 720 Should politics allow for illiterate person?
685 Did your father get angry on you ever? 721 Why shouldn’t we allow to gundas in party?
686 Did you do anything for your family? 722 What should be implemented by us for voting?
687 Whom do you like most in your family? 723 Is dearness increasing day by day?
688 Is your father honest person? 724 Are you paying attention on it?
689 Is your mother your friend? 725 May it be reduced or not?
What expectation does your father keep
690 726 Are there any special strategies for this?
from you?
691 Do you want to fulfill their desire? 727 Are politicians real Indians?
Is there any incident when your father beat
692 728 Are you with them or not?
you?
693 Have you completed your 12th class? 729 What should be done by us for developing India?
What is the level of Indian people in front of other
694 What % did you get in 10th class? 730
country’s people?
695 What was your favorite subject? 731 Are we called fool?
696 Who was your favorite teacher? 732 Have you proud to be an Indian?
697 Why was he your favorite teacher? 733 How many freedom fighters were in India?
Did you do any mischief in your school
698 734 Whom do you know well?
time?
Have you ever been suspended ever from What are the opposite thing between freedom
699 735
school? fighter & politicians?
Are our politician decreasing or increasing the
700 Is there any school in your mind? 736
value of India in front of other country?
Who was your best friend in your school
701 737 Is our country rich?
and why?
702 Is he in contact till now? 738 Is it called golden sparrow?
Used you to participate in any school What is the basic difference in India before
703 739
activity? independence or after?
704 Did you take part in cultural activity? 740 Are we really free?

71
741 Had you won the prize? 774 Have we a lot of boundation for doing something?
742 How did you feel after getting prize? 775 Has terrorism spreader only in our country?
743 Is it real fact or joke? 776 Do these fetal diseases suffer every country?
744 Do you watch TV? 777 Is India superpower?
745 What is your favorite channel? 778 May it become superpower?
746 What is your opinion about news channel? 779 Is china our friend or enemy?
747 Do you like to watch news? 780 Why do you think so?
Are you eager to increase your general
748 781 What is the population of India?
knowledge?
749 Which is your favorite field about news? 782 How many religions are there in our India?
Is castism main propaganda for getting of Seeing in this batch who are the brilliant
750 783
Indian people? according to you?
In which field have you interest for making
751 784 Why do you think that she is brilliant?
career?
What should be qualities for a successful MBA
752 Why do you want to do MBA, MCA, CA? 785
holder?
753 What are their advantages? 786 Is there any scope in khandwa?
754 Has MBA become a common field? 787 Are you going outside from khandwa?
755 Why do people think so? 788 Are there good professors in S.N.College?
Which reality show do you watch to Tell me the name of that professor because of the
756 789
improve your of singing? him the S.N. College is maintained?
What should be happened in reality show
757 790 How many Colleges are there in khandwa?
for wining?
Do judges judge honestly to the Which is the best college according to you and
758 791
participates? why?
I should co-education
education be in college or it be
759 Do they take bribe for it? 792
banned?
Should there be public voting or judges
760 793 Should there be election in college
voting for winning the participants?
761 Is India full of talent? 794 Is there any advantage of this?
762 Are the people of India talented? 795 Are you famous or common in your college?
What are your good qualities in you on basis of
763 Why are we called lazy? 796
that people like you?
Wow many actor & actress come in What improvement do you want to get in your
764 797
bollywood from south? life?
Do you know the name of south hero and What is your opinion about corruption and how
765 798
heroine? will you remove it?
766 Are they hard working? 799 Is there any library in your College?
767 Is real talent hidden in south? 800 Do you go ever in that?
How many movies have you watched in
768 801 Did you get issue any book?
south?
769 Which is the favorites your movie of that? 802 Do you like to read book?
770 Do they boast a lot? 803 Which book do you want to read to more?
771 Is Pakistan our friend? 804 Do you watch movie?
Is terrorism is increasing because of
772 805 Which is your favorite movie?
Pakistan?
If you will be prime minister of India for
773 one day than what would you like to for 806 Why do you like that most?
improving India?

72
 What are the good thing in Hollywood movies
807 Is India foolish country? 845
than Indian movies?
808 Why are we so sentimental? 846 Do you know about Toniza?
809 Is it our weak point? 847 Is he famous in the world?
810 Is America advanced than us? 848 Does he do real stunt?
Are Hollywood actors and actress more hard
811 Why is it developed a lot? 849
working than us?
Are the people of America honest for their
812 850 They don’t sound in their movie. Is it right?
country?
813 May I know your name 851 Do you like singing?
814 Do you know me since morning? 852 Who is your favorite singer & why?
815 Are you married? 853 Which song do you like most?
816 May I take your time? 854 Have you desire to be a good singer?
817 Why is she not coming here? 855 What does your second brother do?
818 Why will she come here? 856 How will you help him?
819 What’s your plan after graduation? 857 What will you tell him?
Why do you think that charted accounted
820 858 When will you get marry?
is good?
821 What are you working for C.A.? 859 In which department is your father?
How many companies are there in
822 860 Do you like golgappa?
khandwa?
823 What happened? 861 May I use your phone?
824 Had you asked for me? 862 Do you recognize him?
825 May I go? 863 Am I a fool?
826 May I accompany you? 864 Were those your books?
827 Are you coming? 865 Had Dishu been filling water since morning?
828 Should I bring it? 866 Had he been applying for job for two months?
829 Is the boss in? 867 Had we been stealing money since morning?
830 What is it? 868 Had they been traveling for 10 days?
831 What’s the matter? 869 Can you solve this puzzle?
832 Where is Dinesh? 870 Who can cross the river?
833 When did you come? 871 How can you lift this tank?
834 Do you begin your work? 872 Why can Anshu say so?
835 Do you do this? 873 How can you go there?
836 Is it holiday today? 874 Who can win the race?
837 Won’t you go? 875 When could I climb on the tree?
838 What’s the trouble? 876 Could they have saved the dying man?
839 What can I do for you? 877 Will we complete our task till tomorrow?
840 Where are you now? 878 Should she accomplish your task on time?
841 What do you bring here? 879 Who should take care of his health?
842 Has he got a car? 880 Why should he look after her grandma?
843 Have you any business with me? 881 Should you score 100 marks in mathematics?
Must students obey the order of the teacher
844 Who is coming? 882
without any?

73
883 What is the menu for dinner? 916 Need I to talk to him?
884 Whose telephone number is this? 917 Do you need my help?
885 How is your mother do? 918 Dare she meet the p.m.?
886 Which is the best hotel here? 919 Why dare he to oppose his father?
887 For how long have you been here? 920 How dare he to speak so?
888 Why do you trouble yourself? 921 Do you dare to speak against your mother?
889 Why is the road closed? 922 Did he dare to go on the stage?
890 What movie is on today? 923 Why does he dare to question me?
891 Why are you so serious? 924 Ought children to work hard to get good marks?
892 What should I wear in the party tonight? 925 Who has to go there on foot daily?
893 Where should I contact you? 926 Why has he to finish his work within one week?
894 Are you going to be late tonight? 927 Who have to take permission of father?
895 May I have a dance with you? 928 With whom had they to rich there by 8’o clock?
896 Would you like to join us? 929 When had we to wait for a long time?
897 Why don’t you listen to me? 930 Will we have to forget all this?
Which of these two dresses will suit me
898 931 Why will I have to do a job?
better?
899 Where should I look for him/ 932 Will the baby be able to walk well in few days?
900 What can I do for you? 933 Could he have lent vivek some money?

901 When did Akbar become king? 934 When does my father reply letter?
902 Why did his father return at 5 o’ clock? 935 Who copy the lesson?
903 Where did she arrive before him? 936 When does prof. Gupta teach English?
904 Will you be back from there? 937 Do we expect happy news?
How does the sun give us light during the
905 938 Did people celebrate Diwali all over India?
day?
Did Bairam khan give orders during
906 939 Where did cricket play in America?
Akbar’s absence?
Has Gopal been making kites for two
907 940 Why does mother tell us stories?
days?
908 Do you go for a walk in the morning? 941 Does he build a house?
909 When did India become free? 942 Do they feed cattle?
910 Do we not go out on a wet day? 943 Where do they keep money?

Has he been suffering from fever since last

911 944 Did Hari reply your message?
night?

912 Where does Punjab mail stop at Gwalior? 945 What did you buy?

Does the Agra- Bombay road pass through

913 946 Did his brother lend you money?
Indore?

914 When does this train go to Delhi? 947 Will we watch the match?
915 Am I buying mangoes? 948 Are you studying physics?

74
949 Are we collecting stamps? 983 Do I not give you money?
950 Are you lending money? 984 Does your brother drive the car?
951 Is he sending me there? 985 Has the farmer grown rice?
952 From where is the merchant selling sugar? 986 Have you read this book?
953 Are girls smelling flowers? 987 Did she not tear the curtain?
954 Why is father spending money? 988 Will they win the match?
955 Why is Mohan learning English? 989 Was the boy throwing stones?
956 Who is sending letter? 990 Has this boy broken your teeth?
957 Where are they catching fish? 991 Will the leader have finished his meal?
958 Was I writing a letter? 992 Who bring medicine for you?
959 Were we reading a letter? 993 Who rubs the floor in the morning?
960 Were you throwing the balls? 994 Who do not supply sugar at reasonable rate?
961 When was he drawing a picture? 995 Who does not learn mathematic?
962 Where was his father bringing mangoes? 996 Who brought this news?
963 When was the teacher teaching physics? 997 Does your watch show the correct time?
964 Why was the servant beating the dog? 998 Will you have some milk?
965 Whom was father beating? 999 Is your phone working properly?
966 How much sugar was he selling? 1000 Are you thirsty?
967 Why were they calling me? 1001 Did he have fever?
968 Is coffee taken by me? 1002 How much time does it take you to reach school?
969 Is song sung by you? 1003 How long have you been working here?
970 Is Hindi taught by his father? 1004 What’s your nationality?
971 Are cloths dried by Sheela? 1005 Who went there?
972 Does he sell suger? 1006 What do you play besides hockey?
973 Do boys fly kites? 1007 Was the boy absent from school?
974 Does he know his weakness? 1008 When is your birthday?
975 Are you sure of your success? 1009 Can I switch off the light?
976 Are his remark based on facts? 1010 Is this your mistake?
977 What am I requested to do? 1011 How is the grain market?
978 Is man immortal? 1012 How is your business going?
979 Is there any gain without hard work? 1013 Did you get your wages?
980 Did any of you play football? 1014 How much money can you spare for me?
981 Is not there any milk in the bottle? 1015 Has he paid your salary?
982 Will you give whatever I want? 1016 How much is the cash in hand?

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1017 Is it me you are calling? 1028 Do you have any dealing with him?
1018 How many boys are there in the class? 1029 How much is the bill?
1019 Had anybody else come? 1030 What post do you have?
1020 For how long did you stay in garden? 1031 Have you got your house white washed?
1021 Will you please come over here? 1032 What was the judgment in the case?
1022 Would you like to come with us cinema? 1033 Have you weighed the parcel?
1023 Will you spend the whole day with us? 1034 What will you speak now?
1024 Will you come with us? 1035 Where are you staying?
1025 When are the classes over in her school? 1036 Have you bought the ticket?
By what time does your father usually
1026 1037 Is the Jodhpur mail arriving on the time?
come home?
1027 At what time does he leave his office? 1038 Where have you been for 2 ours?

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76
 PREPOSITION
Definition:-
Preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun denotes its relation with another noun or pronoun.
The three main types of Preposition are.

1. Simple preposition -;s ,d 'kCn ds Preposition gksrs gS A

tSls:-In, into, at, on, for, since, of, off, till, with, through, down by, from, up etc.

2. Compound Preposition- Preposition-;k bl tSls prefix ;k vU; Preposition ls feydj curs gSA
TkSls:-
About beside inside between without
Along below outside beneath within
Among across above beyond
Amongst before around behind Beyond

3. Phrasal Preposition - ;s nks ;k nks ls vf/kd simple preposition ls feydj curs gS A TkSls &
Because of, In addition to, According to, With a view to,
By means of, In case of, On account of, In place of,
By reason of, In course of, For the sake of, Instead of,
In spite of, In front of, In accordance with,
In respect to, In order to,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In
¼^^esa** ds vFkZ esa use gksrk gS A½
1.fdlh cM+s xk¡o] 'kgj] dLCks vkSj ns’kksa] egk}hiksa ds uke ds vkxs in dk iz;ksx djrs gS A
Ex:-
1.We live in India.
2.They stayed in Jaipur for a week.

2.tc dksbZ noun ;k pronoun fdlh vU; noun ds vanj iwjh rjg fLFkr gks ;k igys ls fLFkr gks
Ex:-
1.Students are in the class.
2.Cloths are in the Almirah.
3.ikuh ds vanj dksbZ noun igys ls mifLFkr gks A
Ex:-
1. Children are in the river.
2. Frogs are in the Pond.

4.lkekU; :i ls length of time ds lkFkA

Ex:-
1. Tanu will be here in 4 months.
2. Do it in two days.
Bhd blh izdkj in few seconds, in a few minutes, in an hour vkfn izdkj ls in dk use length of time dks Denote djus ds
fy;s djrs gSA
5. eghuksa ds uke ds vkxs vkSj lu~ ds vkxsA
Ex:-
1. Pushpa will go to Ujjain in December.

77
2. Next world cup of cricket will be held in 2015.
1. Tanu will be here in 4 months.
2. Do it in two days.
Bhd blh izdkj in few seconds, in a few minutes, in an hour vkfn izdkj ls in dk use length of time dks Denote djus ds
fy;s djrs gSA

5.eghuksa ds uke ds vkxs vkSj lu~ ds vkxsA

Ex:-
1.Pushpa will go to Ujjain in December.
2.Next world cup of cricket will be held in 2015.

6.lHkh seasons ds uke ds vkxs A

In winter, in summer, in spring etc.

7.Future tense esa ^ds ckn* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa in dk use gksrk gS A
Ex:-
I will come back in 2 hours.

8.fdlh Art, subject & field esa ability, skill, speciality vkfn n’kkZus gsrqA
Ex:-
1.Sachin is well versed in cricket.
2.He was expert in maths.

9.xfy;ksa ds uke ds vkxsA

Ex:-
1.Alia lives in church street.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Into
¼bldk use ^^esa** ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS A½
1.tc okD; esa xfr (motion) dk cks/k gksA
Ex:-
1.The boy rushed into the classroom.
2.Raju jumped into the well.

2.tc voLFkk @ ek/;e ifjorZu dk cks/k gksA

Ex:-
1.The water is changing into ice.
2.Translate these sentences into English.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Within
¼bldk use Hkh ^^esa** ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA½
tc dksbZ dk;Z fdlh fuf’pr le; ds [kRe gksus ds igys iwjk djuk gks &
Ex:-
1.You will have to return within an hour.
2.Complete your task within 5 days.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

On
¼bldk use ^^ij** ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA½
1.tc dksbZ oLrq (noun) fdlh vU; noun ij iwjh rjg fLFkr gks tcfd mudh lrg Li’kZ dj jgh gks &
Ex:-
1.The picture is hanging on the wall.
2.The book is on the table

78
2.fnuksa vkSj fo’ks"k rkjh[kksa ds iwoZ
Ex:-
1.My mother has a fast on Friday.
2.India got freedom on 15th August 1947.

3.fnu ds specific part ds lkFkA

Ex:-
1.On the night of 15th August.
2.On Sunday evening.

4.vaxzsth ds time 'kCn ds iwoZA

Ex:-
1.The Train arrived on time.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Onto/Upon
Upon / Onto dk use eq[; :Ik ls movement ¼xfr’khyrk½ dks n’kkZus gsrq tcfd subject }kjk level ¼ry½ dks change djuk O;Dr
gksrk A
Ex:-
1.People climbed onto / upon their roof.
2.Kajal lifted the pen onto / upon the table.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

At
¼bldk use eq[; :i ls ^ij* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS A½
1.tc dksbZ oLrq (noun) fdlh vU; noun ij iwjh rjg fLFkr uk gksA
Ex:-
1.The little boy is standing at the door.
2.The wind chime is hanging at window.

2.le; crykus ds fy;s

Ex:-
At down, at 2 O’clock, at mid night etc.

3.[kkl O;fDRk ds abode dks n’kkZus gsrqA

Ex:-At the white house, At the Rastrapati Bhawan, etc.

4.xfy;ksa ds uke dh numbering dj nh tkus ijA

Ex:-
At 10 Anderi, At 25 downing street.
5.izk;% fdlh cM+s LFkku tSls xk¡o] 'kgj] dLcs ds lkis{k fdlh NksVs xk¡o] 'kgj vkfn dk uke iz;qDr djus ij] NksVs LFkku ds vkxsA
Ex:-
1.Gandhiji was born at Porbandor in Gujarat.
2.While going to Delhi, I will stay at Agra for 4 day.

6.fdlh Building, Shop vkfn ds uke ds iwoZA

Ex:-
1.He saw Aishwarya at Tajmahal.
2.I’ll meet you at Irasure Iceland.
7.mez n’kkZus gsrq
Ex:-
1.Married at 20, blh izdkj at sixteen, at the age of 25, etc.

8.Group activities gksus ij ^esa* 'kCn gsrqA

Ex:-
1.Anshu will sing and dance at his sister’s marriage.

79
2.Mr.Sharma is about to give a speech at the meeting.

9.At का योग इन श द के पहले योग कया जाता हA

Ex:-
At home/ At the station/ At a party/ At page 214/ At school/ At college/ At the airport/ At university/ At the bus
stop/ At the platform/ At the top/ At the bottom etc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

With
¼bldk use eq[; :i ls ^lkFk @ ls* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA½
1.tc dksbZ dk;Z fdlh instrument ;k lk/ku dh help ls fd;k tk;A
Ex:-
1.The Snake was killed by him with a stick.
2.We cut the vegetable with the knife.

2.^lkFk&lkFk* 'kCnksa ds vFkZ esaA

Ex:-
1.He is playing with his sister.
2.Naina comes to Persona with Dipti.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Form
¼bldk use ^ls* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa fd;k tkrk gS A½
1.fdlh fcekjh dk dkj.k crk;k tk;sA
Ex:-
1.The old man was suffering from cancer.

2.fdlh dk;Z ds izkjaHk gksus @ djus dk le; crk;k tk;s A

Ex:-
1.The Bank will remain open from 10 O’clock.
2.Malika operates computer from 4 pm.

3.fdlh c;ku ls okil ykSVus@vkus dk cks/k gks A

Ex:-
1.Akshay is coming back from Goa.
2.She is going from here.
4.It also suggests the source of something.
Ex:-
1.I am talking from my own experience.
2.I received a present from my dear brother.

5.tc dksbZ O;fDRk ;k OkLrq fdlh vU; oLrq @ LFkku ls vyx gks @ fd;k tk;s A
Ex:-
1.He took out a coin from his pocket.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

By
¼bldk use eq[;r% ^}kjk @ ls* 'kCn gsrq fd;k tkrk gS A½

1.Passive Voice esa ‘}kjk’ 'kCn gsrq tc dksbZ dk;Z fdlh agent }kjk fd;k tk;sA
Ex:-
1.I was surprised by my mom.
2.A letter was written by her.

2.^ls* 'kCn gsrq tc means of traveling dh ckr dh tk;s A

80
Ex:-
1.We go to America by aeroplane.
2.I went to Mandu by van.

3.le; n’kkZus gsrq ^rd* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa A

Ex:-
1.We must leave by 6 p.m.
2.She will return by 8 o’clock.

4.uki dh ckr gksus ij ^ls* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa ek=k vkfn n’kkZus gsrq A
Ex:-
1.They hired a taxi by hours.
2.They bought bananas by dozens.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Since
1.lkekU;r% ^ls* 'kCn gsrq perfect continuous tense esa point of time fn;k gksus ij A
Ex:-
Since 6 o’clock, Since 6 am/pm, Since last night / last Monday / morning / evening / January / 2014,

2.dsoy Perfect tense esa dksbZ fo’ks"k le; crkuk gks rc ^ls* 'kCn gsrq A
Ex:-
1.I haven’t met him since last month.
2.He has entered nothing since morning.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For
1.bldk use ^ls* 'kCn gsrq Perfect continuous tense esa djrs gS tcfd period of time fn;k tk;sA
Ex:- For a month / Three days / 2 week / 15 years / 10 hours etc.

2.tc fdlh dk;Z dks djus dk mn~ns’; definite gks rc ^ds fy;s* ds vFkZ esaA
Ex:-
1.Men is working for earning money.
2.Students works hard for scoring good marks in exam.

3.fdlh dk;Z dks djus esa yxus okys time period dks express djus gsrqA
Ex:-
1.It rained for 10 hours.
2.I will not be here for next two hours.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

During
1.bldk use ^ds nkSjku* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa fd;k tkrk gS A tks fo’ks"k le; dks denote djrk gS A
Note:-Verb का use करते समय “के दौरान” के िलए while+V+ing होगाA
Ex:-During childhood, during middle age, during holiday, during summer vacation etc
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Beneath
1.bldk use ^ds uhps* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa djrs gS tcfd ,d oLrq nwljh oLrq ds uhps fLFkr gks vkSj nksuksa dk physical contact gks A
Ex:-
1.Rani put the book beneath the pillow.
2.The English book is beneath the Hindi’s Book. .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

81
 Under
1.bldk use ^ds uhps* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr gksrk gS tcfd nks oLrq ;k nks noun ds
chp dksbZ physical contact uk gks vkSj lhfer nwjh gks A

Ex:-
1.A Child is playing under the tree.
2.We were safe under the umbrella during rain.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Before
1.bldk use nks ?kVukvksa@dk;ksZa esa ls fdlh ,d ds nwljs ls igys fd;s tkus @ gksus ij igys 'kCn ds vFkZ esa djrs gS A
Ex:-
1.The patient had died, before the doctor came.

2.ds lkeus 'kCn ds vFkZ esa djrs gSA

Ex:-
1.The criminal confessed everything before judge.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Beside
1.;g ^fudV esa@cktw esa* vkfn 'kCn ds :i esa use gksrk gS A
Ex:-
1.Megana’s home is situated beside Ram Temple.
2.Aditya sits beside Rupesh in the class.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Besides
1.Besides dk vFkZ ds vfrfjDr (in addition to) gksrk gS rc bldk use fuEu izdkj ls djrs gS A
Ex:-
1.He has a car besides a motor cycle.

2.Besides dk use ^dks NksM+dj* (except) ds vFkZ esa fuEu izdkj ls djrs gSA
Ex:-
1.Every member of the family was present at marriage party besides me.
2.Besides pappu, everyone has passed the exam.

Note – Beside ,oa Besides nksukas ds meaning ,oa uses fHkUUk gS vr%Beside dh
txg dk Besides dk use djuk xyr gS A
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Between
1.bldk vFkZ gS ^ds chp esa* tks nks noun ds e/; gsrq use fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex:-

82
1.There is a intimate friendship between Neha and Ruchika.
2.There is beautiful garden between my home and her home.

2.^ds chp @ ds e/;* 'kCn gsrq tcfd nks yksxksa ds chp Ck¡Vokjs dh ckr gksA
Ex:-1.Mr. Ram Prasad distributed his property between his two sons.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Among

1.bldk use^ds chp* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa djrs gSa tcfd nks ls vf/kd noun dh ckr gksA
Ex:-
1.She distributed her property among poor.

2.tc Group esa fdlh dks fdlh vU; ds tSlk crk;k tk;A

Ex:-
1.She is the Aishwarya among her friends.
2.He is the Sachin among his team.
Note-Among dk iz;ksx djrs le; ;fn okD; esa blds ckn fgUnh ds Loj ls (Vowel sound of hindi )izkjaHk gksus okyk 'kCn
vk, rks amongst dk use djrs gSA
Ex:-
1.Mother distributed the toffees amongst us.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Of
1.bldk use ^dk] ds] dh* ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSa tcfd fdlh noun dks vU; fdlh noun dk part crk;k tk;s ;k muds e/; relation
crk;k tk;sA
Ex:-
1.We are the students of Persona Institute.
2.This Cap is of my pen.

2.tc fdlh oLrq dks fdlh material noun ls cuk crk;k tk;sA
Ex:-
1.This chair is made of wood.
2.Her bag is made of cotton.

3.e`R;q dk dkj.k crkus ds fy;s of dk use fd;k tkrk gSA

Ex:-
1.That old man has died of cancer.
2.She is suffering of T.B.

4.tc vf/kdkj ( Possession) dk cks/k gksA

Ex:-
1.This bungalow was of Mr. Gaunshinde.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Off
1.bldk use ^ls* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa djrs gSa tcfd ,d noun dk nwljs noun ls nwj gVus @ vyx gksus dk Hkko O;Dr gksA
Ex:-
1.He jumped off the tower.
2.The Monkey jumped off the tree.
Above
1.;g ^ds Åij* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa iz;qDRk gksrk gSa tcfd nks noun ds chp vlhfer nwjh gks &
Ex:-
1.The Stars are above us.
2.She wants to get above 85%in exam.

83
 Over
1.bldk use Hkh ^ds Åij* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa djrs gSa tcfd nks noun ds chp lhfer nwjh gksA
Ex:-
1.The helicopter is hovering over our houses.
2.Flags were waved over our head.

2.Over dk use ij 'kCn ds vFkZ esa meal / tea / lunch / drink vkfn esa fd;k tkrk gS &
Ex:-
1.We had a chat over a cup of tea.
2.The matter was decided over the lunch.
3.Over dk use fdlh vuqekfur la[;k] ;k ek=k ls Hkh vf/kd la[;k @ ek=k ¼vFkkZr~ more than / higher than ds Hkko dks O;Dr
djus gsrq Hkh djrs gS &

Ex:-
1.Over a thousand people gathered at Nehru Stadium.

4.Over dk use covering ¼<¡duk½ on the other side of vkfn ds vFkZ esa Hkh djrs gSA
Ex:-
1.There is a bridge over the railway line (on the other side).
2.He put a blanket over the dead body.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In front of
1.bldk vFkZ ^ds lkeus* gksrk gSA
Ex:-
1.People parked their vehicles in front of the hotel.
2.Radha is speaking English in front of us.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Behind
1.bldk vFkZ ^ds ihNs* gksrk gSA
Ex:-
1.The Yamuna river flows behind Taj Mahal.
2.The child was hiding himself behind his mother.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Across
1.;g ^ds ml ikj @ vkj & ikj* 'kCn ds vFkZ esa use fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex:-
1.During the childhood Raju could swim across the river.
2.The blind was unable to go across the road.

2.bldk use ^ds bl Nksj ls ml Nksj rd* ds vFkZ es Hkh fd;k tkrk gS A
Ex:-
1.We see nothing but water across the sea.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Around
1.bldk use ^yxHkx* 'kCn ds vFkZ es fd;k tkrk gS A
Ex:-
1.I will meet you around 5 O’clock.

84
2.We’ll have to invest around 90 lacks rupees in this project.

About
1.bldk use ^ds ckjs* 'kCn ds fy;s djrs gSA
Ex:-
1.Student must be alert about their carrier.
2.Our government must do something about terrorism.
2.^b/kj & m/kj @ ;gk¡ & ogk¡* ds vFkZ esA
Ex:-
1.Children were playing about the garden.
2.Bits of the paper were lying about the room.

3.yxHkx* ds vFkZ esa Hkh about dk use fd;k tkrk gS A

Ex:-
1.We’ll reach there about 10 O’clock.
2.I’ll be there about 8 O’clock.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beyond
1.bldk use ^ds ijs* 'kCn ds fy;s djrs gSA
Ex:-
1.The talks of the little baby are beyond of my understanding.
2.His result was beyond of my expectation.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Till
1.bldk use ^rd* (at the end of a time) ds vFkZ esa fd;k tkrk gS A
Ex:-
1.He and I studied together till 12 O’clock.
2.Can you wait till tomorrow?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Through
1.bldk use ^ds ek/;e ls @ ds }kjk* (by any source) ds vFkZ djrs gS A
Ex:-
1.He learnt many things through the Internet.
2.I got this news through Vikas.

2.Throughout / through dk use 'kq: ls var rd (from the beginning to end) ds sense esa Hkh djrs gSA
Ex:-
1.He kept awaking throughout the night during our exam.
2.N.C.C Cadets marched through the town.

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85
 SPOKEN RULES

1-V1+obj. …………………….. ना /ओ

2. Don’t+v1+obj. .................. मत

3.Kindly/please+V1+obj. ..........कृ पया

4-Never/ Always – ………………………कभी मत /

5-Let’s+v1+obj………………….आ हम/ चलो हम

6.Let +o.c.+v1+obj……………. ने दो

7–Get +o.c.+obj ...................... दलवा दो

8- Thank you for + 2nd sentence. इसके िलए ध यवाद

9-Sub+ Intend to+v1+obj. .......इरादा ह

10-ISub+ Intended to+v1+obj. इरादा था

11-There is/are+…………………….…..…म /पर ह

12-There was/were+……………......….. म /पर था

13 There will be+……………………..म /पर होगा

14 There has/have been…………………. (से) म /पर ह

15-There had been..…………………….. (से) म /पर था

16-There will have been……………….(से) म /पर होगा

17- There used to be…………………… आ करता था

18-There must be……………………………होना ही चािहये

19-There is no need to+v1+obj. ........कोई आव कता नह है

20-There was no need to+v1+obj. कोई आव कता नह थी

21-There/It is no use to+v1+obj. कोई फायदा नह ह

22-There/It was no use to+v1+obj. कोई फायदा नह था

23- Sub+is/am/are+willing to+v1+obj………इ छा है

24- Sub+was/were+willing to+v1+obj. इ छा थी

86
25- Sub+will be+willing to+v1+obj. इ छा होगी

26-Sub+want/wants+obj. ..........चािहए

27-Sub+wanted+obj............चािहए था

28- Sub+want to+v1+obj. ..........चाहता ँ

29- Sub+wanted to+v1+obj. चाहता था

30- Sub+would like to+v1+obj. चा ग

ँ ा

31- Sub + To be verb + able to / unable to +V1+ Obj…………….. पाता ँ / पाया / पाऊंगा

32-Sub+ Is/am/are+ being+ able/unable+to+v1+obj. ............पा रहा ँ

33- Sub+ Was/were+being+ able to / unable to+ v1+obj……….. पा रहा था

34Start /stop v+ing ...............................शु करो / बंद करो

35-Keep / keep on + V+ing ...................ते रहो

36-What about v+ing…………………… या याल ह

37- How about+v-ing+obj………………. कै सा रहेगा

38-It is time to+v1+obj. .........................समय आ गया ह

39-Sub+feel like+v-ing+obj. ..................इ छा हो रही है

40-Sub+felt like+v-ing+obj…………….. इ छा हो रही थी

41-It is for+o.c.+that+sub+should+v1+obj. मुझे चािहए / तु हे चािहए / उ ह चािहए

42-V1+obj+lest+sub+should+v1+obj……. कही ऐसा न हो

44- Sub+started+v-ing+obj / Sub+began to+v1+obj. लगा/ लगे/ लगे

45-It is for+o.c.+to+v1+obj. ........................मुझे ही / तु हे ही...............ना पड़ता है

46-Sub+continued to+v1+obj. .....................ता रहा/ ती रहे/ ते रहे

47- Sub+is/am/are+about to/going to+V1+obj. वाला ँ / वाली ँ

48- Sub+was/were+about to/going to+V1+obj. वाला था / वाली थी

47- Sub+ should be+obj………होना चािहए / Sub+ should have+obj……..पास होना चािहए

48- It+makes+ o.c. +no odd…………..कोई फक नह पढता ह

49- It’s+ up to + o.c…….... आप पर िनभर करता ह / मुझ पर िनभर करता ह

50-If+present ind+,.+ future indefinite…………य द आओगे तो सीखोगे

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51-If+past ind.+, + sub+ would + v1+ obj ........य द आये तो सीखोगे

52-If + sub + could have + v3 + obj + , + sub + should have + v3 + obj.य द सकते थे तो चािहए था

53-Sub + would have to + v1 + obj + , + sub + would + v1 + obj. .......य द िसखना होगा तो आएगा

54-If + sub + has/have + obj + , +sub + should + v1 + obj.............य द आपके पास है तो देना चािहए

55-If + sub + had + obj + , + sub + would have + v3 + obj. ..........य द उसके पास थे तो वह तु हे देता

56-If + sub + were + noun/obj + , + sub + would + v1 + obj…………… य द म होता तो करता

57-Unless……………………जब तक नही/ य द नह

58-Until……………………..जब तक नह

59- As long as……………. जब तक

60-As soon as……………… य ही / जैसे ही

61-Before ………………………पहले

62-After…………………… बाद म

63-Hardly + had + sub + v3 + obj + when +…………………मुि कल से ही

64- No sooner + did + sub + v1 + obj + then +………………..आ ही नही पाए थे क चले गये

65-As soon as……………… य ही / जैसे ही

66-Though / although + first sentence + yet + second sentence य िप

67-Sub + may be + obj + but + next sentence. भले ही( Without main verb)

68-Even if / no matter + first sentence + still + second sentence भले ही ( With verb)

69- sub+ let / let / will let + O.c.+ V1+obj ने देता / ने दया / ने दुगा

70-While + v-ing +……………खाते खाते

71-v-ing + obj + …………………/ by + ving + obj + ………….. खाकर

72-Having + v3 + obj +…………………खाकर

73-Sub+To be verb + ving + obj. आ है/ यी है/ ए है

74-No +v-ing. मना है

75-Sub + Do/Does/ Did + v1 + obj. तो ँ / तो था

76-It is + o.c. + who/whom + …………………ये वही है जो..............

77-Certainly / surely…………… िनि त ही

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78-Even…………………………यहाँ तक क

79-Not only------but also………. ही नही................भी है

80-Now -----------now………….कभी..................कभी

81-Wheather + first sentence + or not + second sentence. चाहे ........... ना करो ..............

82-Either + first sentence + or +…………….या तो ........या फर

83-Neither + first sentence + nor +…….…….ना तो ......ना फर

84-Sub + To be verb + fond of +ving + obj………….. शौक है / शौक था / शौक होगा

85- Sub + prefer /prefers + N2 + to + N1 ................. यादा पसंद करता ँ

86- The more+ first sentence + The more + second sentence……………... िजतना ………..उतने

87-Sub + take / takes / took / will take + o.c. + for + obj. समझ लेता है / समझ िलया / समझ लेगा

88-Whenever / whatever / whoever / where ever………जब कभी / जो कु छ भी / जो कोई भी / जहा कही भी

89-Sub + take /takes / took / will take +time + to+v1+obj समय.... लगता ह / लगा / लगेगा

90- Sub+ Like /likes + v-ing + obj. पसंद है

91- After all…………………आिखरकार

92- Sub + To be verb + sure + other sentence. िनि त ँ / था / होगा

93- The point is that + 2nd sentence. मु ा यह है क

94- Sub+ To be verb +getting + Obj.(adjective)…. हो रहा ह

95- Sub+ May have to +V1+Obj……….पड़ सकता ह

96- Sub+ might have to + V1+Obj……….पड़ सकता था

97- May God + verb + Object + !............... ई र करे

98- No longer / Any longer….और नह ( I can no longer bear this pain/ I can not talk to you any longer.)

99- Would that + Subject + had + V3 + Obj……….…काश- पाता

100 Would that + subject + were + object………….काश- होता

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SOME ESSENTIAL WORDS

90
Constantly-लगातार /सदा Usually, generally, ordinary सामा यत:
Instantly-तुरंत ही Otherwise, else नही तो
Suddenly-अचानक ही Again& Again बार बार
Unfortunately-दुभा यवश पूण Intact, precisely same य का य
Fortunately-सौभा य से Provided that बशत
Surely/ certainly- िनि त ही In fact, really, actually वा तव म
Providentially-भगवान क कृ पा से Recently, at present, presently हाल ही म
Ironically- ं या मक प से Slight, a little,a little bit थोडा सा
Specially-मु य प से By & by, Slowly. gradually धीरे -धीर
Earnestly-ईमानदारी से /दृढ़ता से /न तापूवक So for, till now अभी तक
Interestingly- िचपूण तरीके से So for as, As for As जहा तक
Elaborately-सु प प से Any how /some how के से न के से
Utterly-पूण प से Something/ quiet different कु छ का कु छ
Originally- प प से /शु -शु म Still(positive), yet(negative), however अभी तक
Lump-sum.-एक मु त The whole, the entire स पूण या सम त
Make sure.-प ा करना Here & there, hither thither यहा वहा
In due case.-आने वाले समय Something else/anything else कु छ और
As per rule.-िनयमानुसार While, when जब या जब क
All over.-सभी जगह Also, as well as, and भी या ओर
By no means.- कसी कार से भी नह Any how, by hook or by crook कसी भी कार
Hardly.- मुि कल से At once, instantly, immediately तुरंत ही
Previously-पहले से Because of, due to, owing to ,an account of के
Completely/fully- पूण प से कारण
Deliberately-जानबूझ कर before the eyes देखते देखते
Probably-संभवत/ :शायद as a result of, Consequently प रणाम व प
Tremendously-अ यिधक /जबरद त Day after tomorrow आने वाला परस
Respectively- मशः Despite of, spite of, even then बीता आ परयो
Sufficiently-पया प से Nevertheless इसके बावजूद
Entirely-पूण प से even though, whether भले ही,चाहे
Spontaneously- वत /:अपने आप ही for the sake of भलाई के िलये
Formerly-पहले /बीते ए काल म How long कतनी देर
Simultaneously-एक साथ In course of, during के दोरान
Eventually-आिखकार /अंत म /अंतत: In the nick of time एन व पर
Ultimately-मूलभूत प से /अंत म Instead of, apart from, besides के अलावा
Slowly-धीरे से All in one.-एक म सभी just a little ,little bit थोडा सा
From behalf of.-क ओर से Almost, More after, moreover, mostly, most of
Ways & means.-तौर तरीके यादातार
Humpty-dumpty.-न हे मु े More or less थोडा ब त यादा
In a hurry.-ज दबाजी म At present ,now a days आज कल
Hardly मुि कल से Occasionally, off & on , sometimes कभी कभी
However.- कै से भी/ Ones upon a time एक समय क बात है

ARTICLE

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 English grammar prescribes an important role for the Articles. They are used to impart accuracy,
effectiveness and clarity to the language. Included among determiners, the articles are virtually
demonstrative adjective.
Note: -Like determiners the articles also come before a noun and limit its meaning.

Defination: - An article is a part of speech used before noun to limit or define their application.

There are two kinds of Article: -

Indefinite article (a, an) Definite article (the)

1. INDEFINITE ARTICLE(a,an)- bldk mi;ksx singular countable Noun ds vkxs gksrk gS D;ksfd ;g vFkZ es ,d
dks n’kkZrk gSaA

Ex- He is a doctor.

bl okD; es ,d MkDVj dh ckr dj jgs gS vr: a dk mi;ksx lgh gSA

Ex: -They are a doctors.

bl okD; es a dk mi;ksx ugh gksxk D;ksfd ;g plural subject okyk okD; gSA
“Indefinite article ‘A’ ds fu;e”

1.) tc fdlh singular countable noun dh ’kq:vkr consonant(O;atu)ls gks o mldk PronounciationmPpkj.k Hkh
consonant gks rks mlds vkxs indefinite article vkrk gSaA
Ex: - I have a watch and a pen.
2. tc fdlh singular countable noun dh ’kq:vkr vowel ls gks ij bldk Pronounciation consonant tSlk gks rks
buds vkxs Hkh Indefinite article vkrk gSA
Ex: - 1. DAVV is a university.
2. I have a one rupee note.
“Indefinite article ‘An’”
1.) tc singular countable noun dh ’kq:vkr vowel ls gksrh gS vkSj budk Pronounciation vowel gks rks an vkrk gSA
Ex: - 1. He needs an umbrella now.
2. An egg is enough for this.
3. This is an ink box.
2.) tc singular countable noun dh ’kq:vkr consonant ls gks ij budk mPpkj.k vowel sound tSlk gks rks ogk Hkh
An dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
Ex:-1. Ram is an honest boy.
2. Mr. Sharma is an honorable citizen in the colony.
3. I have only an hour now.
Note: - fdlh Hkh uncountable noun ds vkxs indefinite article(a, an) dk iz;ksx ugh gksrk gSaA
Ex: - I have a water.

;g okD; xyr gS bles water uncountable noun gS vr blds vkxs a ugh yxsxkA

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Ex: - I have water.

3) dqN short name tSls M.B.A, M.L.A., B.B.A. vkfn ds vkxs Idefinite article igys letter dks ns[kdj yxk;k tkrk gSsa
Ex: - M.B.A. – An M.B.A.
B.B.A. – A B.B.A.
;g M izFke alphabet gS ij mldk mPpkj.k es igys , lqukbZ nsrk gS vr ‘an’ yxsxk tcdh B.B.A. es igys Consonant
sound lqukbZ nsrk gS vr ‘a’ yxsxkA
Ex: - 1. My brother is an M.B.A.holder.
2. Dr. Sharma is an M.D.
3. He is a B.Sc. holder student.

“DEFINITE ARTICLE ‘THE’”

THE ds fu;e :-

Note :- The Definite Article dk mi;ksx dgh Hkh, fdlh “h countable ;k uncountable vkSj singular ;k plural
noun ds lkFk es fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g Definite Article gksus ls dqN izeq[k Noun dks n’kkZrk gS tks Definite
gksA

Rule 1:-
tc fdlh iw.kZ fu/kkZfjr oLrq/O;fDr ( Pre- determinted thing)ds ckjs es dgk tkrk gSA
Ex: - I found a bag on the road.
The bag cortained a coin. The coin was made of gold.
mnkgj.k ls LiIV gS fd igys geus bag ds vkxs ‘a’ article dk mi;ksx fd;k D;ksfd bag fu/kkZfjr ugh Fkk fdUrq
vxys okD; es The bag dgk D;ksfd vc ;g fu/kkZfjr oLrq gS blh izdkj geus izkjEHk es a coin dgk ysfdu ckn
es The coin dgkA
More examples:-
1. She bought a pen.the pen is very expensive.
2. I met a boy yesterday. The boy was my brother’s friend.

Rule 2:-
Superlative degree es Hkh the dk iz;ksx djrs gSA
Ex: - Sohan is the most intelligent boy in the class.
;gk The most intelligent ,d superlative degree ds :i es vr the dk mi;ksx gqvk gSA
More ex:-
1. He is the tallest boy in the school.
2. This is the deepest gulf in the world.

Rule 3: - singular common noun ds vkxs ;fn article ‘the’dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g mldh iqjh tkfr
dks djrk gSA;g lHkh dh dks n’kkZus dk dke dj jgh gSA

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More example :-
1. The dog is a faithful animal.
2. The tiger is a fierce animal.

Rule 4:- ‘’kjhj ds vaxks dks vkxs Hkh definite article The dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA

Ex: -1. He was seriously wounded in the head.

2. Ram hit him on the cheast.

Definite article ‘the’ dk mi;ksx ufn;ks ds uke (name of river) leqnz ds uke (name of ocean) egRoiw.kZ Hkouks
ds uke (name of important building) v[kckj ds uke(name of newspaper) tgkt Vszu gokbZtgkt /kkfeZd
leqnk; ds uke(name of ships, trains, plane and religious communities) lkekzT; ds uke(name of empires)
bfrgkl dh ?kVukvks(incident of past) oa’ktks ds uke(name of dynasty) jktuSfrd nyks ds uke(name of
political parties) /kkfeZd xzUFkks (religious book) vkfn ds vkxs The vkrk gSA

Example:-

A. Name of river: - The Ganga , The Yamuna , The Narmda

B. Name of Oceans: - The pacific , The Red Sea , The Indian Ocean.

C. Name of Important Building :- The Ratyapati bhavan , The White house , The Taj Mahal , The Red
Fort , The Char minar.

D. Name of Newspaper: - The Times of India, The Hindustan times , The Indian Express.

E. Before Name of Ships, Train and Plane: - The Titenic , The Rajdhani express , The Panjab Mail ,
The Kingfisher airline.

F. Before Name of Religious communities: - The Hindus , The muslims.

G. Before name of Empire: - The Egypt , The mughals, The Rajputana.

H. Before the incident of history: - The Quit India movement , The France revalution , The Non
corporation Movement.

I. Before the of Dynasty :- The Raghuvanshi , The Vikrant.

J. Name of Political parties: - The BJP , The Congress, The Communist party.

K. Name of Religious Book: - The Ramayana, The Kuran

Rule 5:- tks oLrw, Unique gks vFkkZr lHkh Planets ,oa dqN fo’ksi rkjks ds uke ds vkxsA
Ex: - The Sun , The moon , The earth , The world , The universe

Note: - But Heaven, Hell, God, Parliament ds vkxs The ugh yxrk gSA
Rule 6:- O;fDr fof’kIV ds in ds iwoZ Hkh The dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
Ex: -a. The chairman will make proper decision on this esswe.
b. The director of the institute takes class on Sunday..

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Rule 7: - Ordinals number ls igys Hkh The dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
The first, the second, the third, the forth.
Ex: - 1. The second chapter of this book is very interesting.
2. He has got the first position in the class.

Rule 8: -Musical instrument ,oa fdlh vfoIdkj (invention) ds uke ds iwoZ The dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex: - Musical instrument- The table, the violin, the trumpet
Scientific invention- The telephone, The telescope.

Rule 9:- The dk iz;ksx fdlh country ds uke ds vkxs ugh gksrk gS fdUrq ;fn ds uke es republic,
kingdom, states vkfn tSls ‘’kCn tqMs gks rks the dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex: - The United States of America, The United Kingdom, The republic of Ireland, The Dominion
republic.
Omission of article A, An, The (zero article)

1) ’kCn tSls name of town,city,games,season, country, subject, language, colours, desease vkfn ds vkxs
article a, an, the dk mi;ksx ugh gksrk gSA
Ex: - a) I live in the khandwa.
I live in khandwa.

b) She likes to play the hockey.

She likes to play hockey.

c) They will visit their uncle’s house in the winter.

They will visit their uncle,s house in winter.

d) We live in the india.

We live in india.

e) The physics is a good subject.

Physics is a good subject.

2) lkekU;r% school,college, university, church, temple, court, hospital, library,prison,

home,coaching,market vkfn ds vkxs a, an, the dk mi;ksx ugh gksrk gSA
Ex: - 1. Rahim goes to college at 11 o’clock.
2. I usually go to temple on Sunday.

ysfdu ;fn bu LFkkuks ij tkus dk mnns’; fuf’pr gks tkrs gS vr% The dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
Ex: - 1) The school is near to my house about which you are talking.
2) They will meet us near the temple today.
3) I went to the college to meet my classmate.

3) [kkus ds uke tSls (lunch, dinner, supper, breakfast) ds iwoZ Article dk iz;ksx ugh gksrk gSA

Ex: - 1) We should have breakfast every morning.

2) He was invited to dinner
3) I take lunch at 2p.m.

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Yksfdu ;fn [kkus ds uke ds lkFk dksbZ Adjective yxk gks ;k fdlh particular Hkkstu dh ckr gks rks article dk
iz;ksx gksrk gSSA
Ex: - 1) It was really a nice dinner.
2) The lunch was superb.

4) fcekfj;ks ds uke ds vkxs Article dk iz;ksx ugh gksrk gS fdUrq ;fn os plural es gS rks ge ‘The’ dk mi;ksx
djrs gSA
Ex: - The measles, The mumps.
5) dHkh fdlh proper noun ds vkxs Article a, an, the dk iz;ksx ugh gksrk gSA

Exercise for student:-

Fill in the blanks with proper article a,an,the.

1. He gave me one rupee.

2. Would you like to have cup of tea.
3. room is airy.
4. Kalidas is Shakespeare of India.
5. The teacher asked easy question.
6. Give me book to read.
7. He was invited for dinner.
8. earth revolves round sun.
9. One of my friend lives in USA.
10. Januuary is first month of year.
11. It was coldest and driest day.
12. Kumble is best bowler in country.
13. She is more beautiful of to sister.
14. My father is lover of Ramayana.
15. In India parliament is suprime.
16. He was greater statemen then administrter.
17. Delhi is paris of India.
18. nature of sohan is bad.
19. wisdom is great virtue.
20. He felt patriot rise within art.
21. He moved farmed place to place.
22. Cloth was sold by yard.
23. Kalidas was poet and dramatist.
24. He arrived at home after dark.
25. His car struck tree, you can still see mark on tree.
26. Both husband and wife were in the room.
27. Let as go out for walk.
28. What kind of book do you want.
29. This is most fragrant flower in my garden.
30. I have lost watch that my brother gave me.

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31. They have joined three year course.
32. Many of problems are linked to poverty.
33. I have read first and second chapter of this book.
34. You are good publisher; I have little doubt regarding your success.
35. I drive motor car at uniform speed.
36. He is heir to vast property.
37. It is too difficult problem to be solved.
38. If you interfere with nature, you will suffer for it.
39. What kind of women is she.
40. On such cold morning I don’t go out.
41. beggar moves from door to door.
42. O dearest friend , when will you come again.
43. ladies and gentlemen , I have to say much to you.
44. red and white rose looks beautifully.
45. Punjab is land of brave.
46. Of Delhi and Mumbai, which city is hotter?
47. president and SDO are coming.
48. Nirala is considerd to be ideal student.
49. all mighty will help us in our work.
50. death of great scientist causes great loss to country.
51. mud hut was only home he had ever known.
52. weak and strong , noble and wicked all will meet the same fat.
53. honesty shown by him was highly praised.
54. tribune is published from Chandigarh.
55. thing of beauty is joy forever.
56. prince of Wales found himself in dilemma.
57. industrious are rewarded.
58. But my brother has read 10th and 11th chapter of this book.
59. Vedas are revealed books.
60. statement and scholar is dead.
61. man you saw here yesterday is uncle of mine.

Example of articles with correct and incorrect sentences

1. Incorrect: - Kalidas is rightly called Shakespeare of India.

Correct: - Kalidas is righly called the Shakespeare of India.

Note=> ge fdlh uke ds vkxs Article rHkh yxkrs gS tc ge fdlh O;fDr dh rqyuk mlls djsA

2. Incorrect: - During last rainy season the deugue caused many deaths in Delhi.

Correct: - During the last rainy season dengue caused many deaths in Delhi.

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Note= > fdlh chekjh ds uke ds vkxs article ugh yxrk gSaA

3. Incorrect: - Will you give me few apples from this basket?

Correct: - Will you give me a few apples from this basket?

Note= > Few dk vFkZ cgqr gh de ds vFkZ es vFkkZr~ u ds cjkcj ds vFkZ es gksrk gSa vr% a few lgh gksxkA

4. Incorrect: - There was urgent call from Ludhiana.

Correct: - There was an urgent call from Ludhiana.

Note=> ;gka urgent ,d adjective gS ftlds vkxs an gksxkA

5. Incorrect: - Our office begins at nine in morning.

Correct: - Our office begins at nine in the morning.

Note=> Morning, evening, afternoon ds vkxs the yxrk gSaA

6. Incorrect: - May I have pleasure of your computer?

Correct: - May I have the pleasure of your computer?

Note=> the pleasure of your computer es the pleasure of something ,d phrases gSaA

7. Incorrect: - His father is a M.L.A. from this constituency.

Correct: - His father is an M.L.A. from this constituency.

Note=> ;gk an M.L.A. gksxk D;ksfd ,e ,y , es , igys vk jgk gS tks vowel sound gSA

8. Incorrect:- I am sure you will have a enjoyable stay.

Correct:- I am sure you will have an enjoyable stay.

Note => ;gka enjoyable dh ’kq:vkr e ls gqbZ gSaA

9. Incorrect: - Ganga is a sacred river.

Correct: - The Ganga is the sacred river.

Note=> Ganga unh ds vkxs the yxsxk ,oa the sacred mldh fo’ksirk ds fy, gSA

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10. Incorrect: - In these days it is really difficult to live a honest life.

Correct: - In these days it is really difficult to live an honest life.

Note=> ;gk honest ds vkxs an yxk D;ksafd honest esa ge h dks pronounce ugh djrsA

11.Incorrect: - United effort is condition for the achievement of success.

Correct: - A united effort is condition for the achievement of success.

Note=> ;gka united ds vkxs a yxk gS tks bldh la[;k ,d dks n’kkZrk gSA

12.Incorrect: - Odes are one of immortal works of Keats.

Correct: - ‘The Odes’ are one of the immortal works of Keats.

Note= > ‘The Odes’ Keats dh ,d jpuk dk uke gSaA

13. Incorrect: - The child had been a blind since birth.

Correct:- The child had been blind since birth.

Note => bles blind ds vkxs a dk mi;ksx unnecessary gSaA

14. Incorrect:- One of the boys I share with is a British.

Correct: - one of the boys I share with is British.

Note= > ;gka “h a dk mi;ksx unnecessary gSA

15. Incorrect: - The virtue is always rewarded.

Correct: - Virtue is always rewarded.

Note=> Abstract noun ‘virtue’ ds vkxs article ugh yxrk gSaA

16. Incorrect: - Take two teaspoon of this syrup thrice day.

Correct: - Take two teaspoon of this syrup thrice a day.

Note => bles thrice vkSj day dks vyx djus ds fy, thrice a day fy[kk tk,xkA

17. Incorrect: - We usually go to the church on Sundays.

Correct: - We usually go to church on Sundays.

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Note => church, temple, hospital, parliament ds vkxs article dk iz;ksx ugh gksrk gSaA

18. Incorrect: - In Olympics India is sure to win gold this time.

Correct: - In the Olympics is India sure to win gold this time.

Note => ;gk Olympics ds vkxs the yxsxkA

19. Incorrect: - I had brought eggs from the village and I gave him dozen Eggs.

Correct: - I had brought eggs from the village and I gave him a dozen Eggs.

Note => ;gk dozen ,d (unit) bdkbZ gS ftlds vkxs a dk mi;ksx gksxkA

20.Incorrect: -The gold is a precious metal.

Correct: - Gold is a precious metal.

Note=> fdlh Hkh material noun ds vkxs article ugh yxrkA

21. Incorrect: -At the dawn the valley and the hills looks in perfect harmony with nature.

Correct: -At dawn the valley and the hills looks in perfact harmony with Nature.

Note => ;gk dawn ds vkxs article the dk mi;ksx incorrect gSA

22. Incorrect: -The English is the language of English.

Correct: -English is the language of the English.

Note= > fdlh Hkkik ds vkxs dksbZ article ugh yxrk gSA

23. Incorrect: -Drive slow,the labourers are at the work.

Correct: - Drive slow,the labourers are at work.

Note => The work rc gksrk gS tc ge fdlh fuf’pr dk;Z dks djus dh ckr djsA

24.Incorrect: -Sooner you realize your mistakes better.

Correct: - The sooner you realize your mistakes the better.

Note=> Sooner ds vkxs the yxrk gSA

25.Incorrect: -Wisdom of Vedas has come through revelation.

100
 Correct: - The wisdom of Vedas has come through revelation.

Note=> wisdom ,d abstract noun gS ijarq ge blds vkxs article the yxkrs gS D;ksafd the wisdom
,d fuf’pr wisdom dks n’kkZrk gSA

26.Incorrect: -Sun is greatest source of energy.

Correct: - The sun is greatest source of energy.

Note=> Planet ds vkxs the yxrk gSaA

27.Incorrect: -Do not give the ear to what the child is saying.

Correct: -Do not give ear to what the child is saying.

Note=> ;gk the ear ugh gksxk the fuf’pr oLrqvks dks n’kkZrk gSA

28.Incorrect: -Renaissance age questioned many of the erroneously founded beliefs that flourished in
Middle Ages.

Correct: -The renaissance age questioned many of the erroneously founded beliefs that flourished
in the Middle Ages.

Note=> Renaissance ,d fuf’pr age dk uke gS vr% ;g the renaissance gksxkA

29.Incorrect: -I am working in Kalkaji branch of the State Bank of India.

Correct: -I am working in the Kalkaji branch of the State Bank of India.

Note=> ;gk Kalkaji ,d fuf’pr Branch dk uke gS vr% blds vkxs The yxsxkA

30. Incorrect: -He thinks that he is Napoleon.

Correct: - He thinks that he is a Napoleon.

Note=> ;gk Napoleon ds vkxs a dk mi;ksx gksxkA

31.Incorrect: -The wisdom is a great virtue.

Correct: -Wisdom is a great virtue.

Note= > ;gk wisdom abstract noun gS vr% article ugh yxsxkA

PARTS OF SPEECH

101
 A sentence as we know is a unit consisting of a group word which convey a complete
meaning when joined in a syntactic order. Each word in a sentence has its own function and
purpose in the whole scheme of sentence formation. This word are called part of speech.
They are divided into the following 8 classes according the function they perform in
the sentences.
1. Noun (laKk)
2. Pronoun (loZuke)
3. Verb (fdz;k)
4. Adverb (fdz;k fo’ksi.k)
5. Adjective (fo’ksi.k)
6. Preposition(lg laca/k ’kCn)
7. Conjunction (la;kstd ’kCn)
8. Interjection (foLe;cks/kd ’kCn)
A) NOUN (laKk)

Defination: - Noun is a name of a person, place, thing, idea, concept and quality, which are
associated with a person, place, thing or even activities.
All the things which exist around us are part of Noun.

There are maily five types of Noun:-

1. Proper Noun (O;fDr okpd laKk)

2. Common Noun (tkfr okpd laKk)
3. Collective Noun (leqnk; okpd laKk)
4. Material Noun (inkFkZ okpd laKk)
5. Abstract Noun (Hkko okpd laKk)

1. Proper Noun (O;fDr okpd laKk)

Proper noun refers the name of a person, place or thing.
Ex: - Sohan, khandwa, Indore, Geet.
Note: - They (Proper Noun) are written with a capital letter.

2. Common Noun (tkfr okpd laKk)

Common Noun generally refers the particular common, category and class.
Ex. Boy, girl, cow, dog, etc.

3. Collective Noun (leqnk; okpd laKk)

A collective noun is the name of a group of person or things takes taken together and and spoken
as a unite.
102
Ex: - Army (Group of solders)
Team (Group of players)
Committee (Group of particular members)
Herd (Group of animal)

4. Material Noun (inkFkZ okpd laKk)

A material noun is the name of metal or substance of which thing are made of.
Ex: - Gold, wood, silver, plastic.
Note: - Material Noun countable ugh gksrs, vr% buds vkxs Article a,an,the iz;ksx ugh gksrk gSaA

5. Abstract Noun (Hkko okpd laKk)

Abstract Noun generally refer the name of quality, action or states

Quality: - Honesty, hardness, darkness, goodness, kindness, whiteness.

Action: - Hatred, movement, theft, judgment, laughter.
State:- Childhood, youth, teenage and so on.

~:':~ ~:':~ Beautiful thoughts ~:':~ ~:':~

. “If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss.”

“It’s fine to celebrate success, but it is more important to heed the lessons of failure.”

“I choose a lazy person to do a hard job. Because a lazy person will find an easy way to do it.”

“Don’t compare yourself with anyone in this world… if you do so, you are insulting yourself.”

Underestimating someone is a bad idea. You never know, he may become superior to you in the days to come.

Life won’t be a smooth ride. Life will be full of rough patches and it is better to accept it rather than being
dissatisfied.

(Bill Gates)

GENDER x)x)
(fya
GENDER (fya

103
 The Noun which denotes male or female sex is called gender.
Such as: - Male: - Horse, dog, ox etc.
Female: - Mare, Bitch, cow, Mother
Gender

Muscular Feminine Common Neuter

Gender Gender Gender Gender

1. Masculine Gender: -The Noun which denotes male sex is called Masculine Gender. Such as:
- Boy, father, brother etc.
2. Feminine Gender: - The Noun which denotes female sex is called Feminine Gender. Such as: -
Girl, mother, sister etc.
3. Common Gender: - The Noun which does not specify the sex but only indicates a living thing
is called Common Gender. Such as: - Baby, student, professor etc.
4. Neuter Gender: - The Noun which denotes a nonliving object or thing with life is called
Neuter Gender. Such as: - Tree, inkpot, pen, table etc.

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine

Nephew Hkrhtk Niece Hkrhth Husband ifr Wife iRuh
Man iq:"k Woman L=h Uncle pkpk Aunt pkph
Brother HkkbZ Sister Cgu Son iq= Daughter iq=h
Sir egk'; Madam egk'k;k Bachelor dqavkjk Maid dqavkjk
Billy goat cdjk Nanny goat cdjh Boy yM+dk Girl yM+dh
Bull cSy Cow Xkk; Cock ewxkZ Hen ewxhZ
Boar lwvj Sow lwvjh Dog dqRrk Bitch dqRRkh
Monk egaFk Nun egaFkuh King jktk Queen jkuh
Widower fo/kwj Widow fo/kok Bridegroom nqYgk Bride nqYgu
Gentleman Hknziq:"k Lady Hknzefgyk Lad yM+dk Lass yM+dh
Lover izseh Beloved izzsfedk Wizard tknwxj Witch tknwxjuh
Stag fgju Hind fgjuh Papa firk Mummy ekrk
Lord Lokeh Lady Lokfeuh Gander gal Goose eknk gal
Earl lkaer Countess lkaer dh iRuh Drake uj cr[k Duck eknk cr[k
Colt ?kksM+s dk Filly ?kksM+s dh ckNh Buck uj Doe eknk
cNM+k [kjxks’k [kjxks’k
Fox ykseM+h Vixen eknk ykseM+h Ram HksM+k Ewe HksM+h
Horse ?kksM+k Mare ?kksM+h Prince jktdq ekj Princess jktdqekjh
Lion ’ksj Lioness ’ksjuh Poet dfo Poetess dfof;=h
Heir mRrjkf/kdjh Heiress mRrjkf/kdkjh.kh Author ys[kd Authoress ysf[kdk
Baron lkaer Baroness lkear dh iRuh Count lkaer Countess lkaer dh
iRuh
Giant jk{kl Giantess jk{kluh Host estcku Hostess estcku
Jew ;gwnh jewess ;gwfnu manager izca/kd manageress izacf/kdk
Mayor egkikSj Mayoress egkikSj efgyk Patron laj{kd Patroness lajf{kdk
priest iqtkjh Priestess iqtkfju Prophet iSxacj Prophetess iSxacj
Shepherd xMsfj;k Shepherdess xM+sfju Steward Hk.Mkjh Stewardess Hk.Mkfju
Viscount vaxzsth viscountess vaxszth Actor vfHkusrk Actress vfHkus=h
Master f’k{kd Mistress f'kf{kdk Emperor lezkV Empress lezkKh
Benefactor iq:"knku Benefactress efgyknku nkrk sultan lqYrku sultana lqYrkuk
nkrk
Milk man Xokyk milkmaid Xokfyu conductor iFk conductress ifjpkfydk

104
 izn'kZd
administrator izz'kkld administratrix iz'kkfldk peacock eksj peahen eksjuh
testator olh;r djus testatrix olh;r djus he goat cdjk she goat cdjh
okyk okyh
grandfather nknk grandmother nknh land lord tehnkj land lady tehnkfju
man servant ukSdj maid servant ukSdjkuh bull calf cNM+k cow calf cNM+h
sparrow uj xkSjS;k hen sparrow eknk xkSjS;k jack ass x/kk jenny ass x/kh
drone uj e/kqeD[kh bee eknk e/kqeD[kh ox cSy cow xk;
brother in law lkyk sister in law lkyh buck uj fgju doe eknk fgju
step son lkSrSyk csVk step lkSrSyh csVh son in-law nkekn daughter in iq= o/kq
law
maternal ekek maternal aunt ekeh adopted son nRrd adopted nRrd iq=h
uncle iq= daughter
hart fgju roe fgjuh friar laU;klh nun laU;kflu
executor lEiknudrkZ executrix lEiknu djus governor jkT;iky governess efgyk
okyh jkT;iky
ambassador jktnwr ambassadress jktnwfu beggerman fHk[kkjh begger fHk[kkjhu
woman
inspector fujh{kd inspectress fujhf{kdk he buffalo HkSaLkk she buffalo HksSal
god nsork goddess nsoh director lapkyd directress lapkfydk
viceroy jkT;izzfrfuf/k vicereine efgyk izfrfuf/k chairman lHkkifr chairperson efgyk
lHkkifr
dairy man nw/k cspus dairy woman nw/k cspus okyh bull elephant gkFkh cow gFkuh
elephant
votary mikld votaress mikfldk tom cat fcyko tabby fcYyh
father in law llwj mother in law lkl he camel maV she camel maVuh
bull calf ckNk cow calf ckNh he hare uj [kjgk she hare eknk [kjgk
English man iq:"k vaxzst English vaxzth efgyk he panther ujphrk she panther eknk phrk
woman
he ape uj yaxwj she ape eknk yaxwj proprietor Lokeh proprietress Lokfeuh
he mule uj [kPpj she mule eknk [kPpj steer ;qok cSy streeress ;qok xk;
he squirrel uj fxygjh she squirrel eknk fxygjh he zebra uj tsczk she zebra eknk tsczk
he mouse uj pwgk she mouse eknk pwgk he monkey uj canj she eknk canj
monkey
male iq:"k female efgyk leopard uj rsasnwvk leopardess eknk rsanwvk

~:':~ ~:':~ Beautiful thoughts ~:':~ ~:':~

#Speak 5 Lines to Yourself Every Morning:-

1. I am the best. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
2. I can do it. Born: - 15 October 1931(Rameswaram, Madras)
3. God is always with me. Died: - 27 July 2015 (Aged 83)
4. I am a winner.
5. Today is my day.

FORMATION OF ADJECTIVE FROM NOUN

105
izk;% ge yksx tkurs gS fd fgUnh esa laKk ds var es bd] b; vkfn tksM+dj fo’ksi.k cukrs gS] tSls:- bfrgkl -
,sfrgkfld, ty - tyh;A

Bhd blh izdkj vaxzsth es noun ds var es +suffix (izR;;) tSls: - al, ar, able, ate, ible, ic, ical,
ish,ous, ious, ive, ful,en, ly,some, y vkfn tksM+dj cuk;s tkrs gSA
NOUN ADJECIVE NOUN ADJECTIVE
crime vijk/k criminal vijk/kh critic lekykspd critical ladVdkyh
u
series J`[kayk serial J`a[kykc) voice daBLoj vocal daBLojh;
senses le> sensible le>nkj ancestor iwoZt ancestral iSr`d
anxiety fpUrk anxious mRlqd accident nq?kZVuk accidental vkdfLEkd
economy vFkZ economical vkfFkZd benefit ykHk beneficial ykHknk;d
bother fpUrk bothersome nq[knk;h boy yM+dk boyish yM+ds
tSlk
bribe fj'or bribable fj'or nsus ;ksX; center dsUnz central dsUnzh;
cheer izlUurk cheerful izlUurknk;d chronicle ?kVukvks dk chronological dky Øe
Øec) ys[kk ds vuqlkj
corruption Hkz"Vk corruptible Hkz"V djus ;ksX; correction tkap correct lgh
decoration ltkoV decorative ltkoVh decision fu.kZ; decisive fu.kkZ;d
deficiency vHkko deficient vHkko deliberation lksp fopkj deliberate bjkns ls
fd;k x;k
dogma er dogmatic iDds /kkfeZd fl)kar doctrine fl)akr doctrinal fl)karklac
/kh
environment okrkoj.k environmental ifjfLFkfr vuqlkj essence lkj essential lkjHkwr
evidence izek.k evident Li"V excess vf/kdrk excessive t:jrls
excellence J`s"Brk excellent vfrmRre excuse cgkuk excusable tks {kek
djus ;ksX;
gks
grass ?kkl grassy gjk goat cdjk goatish yEiV
honor lEeku honorable lEEkkuh; hope vk'kk hopeless vk'kkghu
horn lhax horny lhax dh rjg horoscope tUeif=dk horoscopical TkUei=h
hospital vLirky hospitable vkfrF;dkjh hurt pksV hurtful ?kkrd
hunger Hkw[kk hungary Hkw[k humor izd`fr humorous jfld
honesty bZekunkjh honest bZekunkjh hero ijkØeh iq:"k heroic ijkØe
;qDr
Existence vfLrRro existent vfLrRokRed explosion foLQksV explosive foLQksVd
crime vijk/k criminal vijk/kh critic lekykspd critical ladVdkyh
u

series J`[kayk serial J`a[kykc) voice daBLoj vocal daBLojh;

senses le> sensible le>nkj ancestor iwoZt ancestral iSr`d

anxiety fpUrk anxious mRlqd accident nq?kZVuk accidental vkdfLEkd

economy vFkZ economical vkfFkZd benefit ykHk beneficial ykHknk;d

bother fpUrk bothersome nq[knk;h boy yM+dk boyish yM+ds
tSlk
bribe fj'or bribable fj'or nsus ;ksX; center dsUnz central dsUnzh;
cheer izlUurk cheerful izlUurknk;d chronicle ?kVukvks dk chronological dky Øe
Øec) ys[kk ds vuqlkj

corruption Hkz"Vk corruptible Hkz"V djus ;ksX; correction tkap correct lgh
decoration ltkoV decorative ltkoVh decision fu.kZ; decisive fu.kkZ;d
deficiency vHkko deficient vHkko deliberation lksp fopkj deliberate bjkns ls
fd;k x;k

106
dogma er dogmatic iDds /kkfeZd doctrine fl)akr doctrinal fl)karklac/k
fl)kar h
environment okrkoj.k environmental ifjfLFkfr vuqlkj essence lkj essential lkjHkwr
evidence izek.k evident Li"V excess vf/kdrk excessive t:jrls
excellence J`s"Brk excellent vfrmRre excuse cgkuk excusable tks {kek
djus ;ksX;
gks
grass ?kkl grassy gjk goat cdjk goatish yEiV
honor lEeku honorable lEEkkuh; hope vk'kk hopeless vk'kkghu
horn lhax horny lhax dh rjg horoscope tUeif=dk horoscopical TkUei=h
hospital vLirky hospitable vkfrF;dkjh hurt pksV hurtful ?kkrd
hunger Hkw[kk hungry Hkw[k humor izd`fr humorous jfld
honesty bZekunkjh honest bZekunkjh hero ijkØeh iq:"k heroic ijkØe
;qDr
Existence vfLrRro existent vfLrRokRed explosion foLQksV explosive foLQksVd
Experience vuqHko experienced vuqHkoh book iqLrd bookish iqLrdh;
fright Mj frightful Mjkouk child cPpk childish cpiu
fiction dkYifud fictitious dkYifud dFkk class d{kk classical izzkphu
contemptibl
history bfrgkl historic bfrgkl izfl) contempt ?k`.k ?k`f.kr
e
heaven LoxZ heavenly LoxhZ; wish bPNk wishful bPNkiw.kZ
fuokl ls
hazard ladV hazardous ladVe; resident fuoklh residential
lacf/kr
revolutionar
harm gkfu harmful gkfudkjd revolution Økafr Økafrdkjh
y
xqykch jax
favorite cgqrfiz; favorite leFkd rose xqykc dk Qqy rosy
dk
larks"k
fate fdLer fateful egRoiw.kZ satisfaction larks"k satisfactory
tud
fame dhfrZ famous izfl) season ekSle seasonable ekSleh
famine vdky famished Hkw[kk silence 'kkafr silent 'kkar
habit LoHkko habitual LokHkkfod affection Lusg affectionate Lusg'khy

idiot iw.kZ ew[kZ idiotic ew[kZ will bPNk willful gBh

image dYiuk imaginable faprk djus ;ksX; risk ladV risky ladVe;

Imitation vuqdj.k imitative vuqdj.k'khy fortune HkkX; fortunate HkkX;

gas xSl gaseous xSlh; nutrition iks"k.k nutritious iqf"Vdkjd
/kqa/kykiu gloomy efyu obligation nkf;Ro obligatory vfuok;Z
gloom
gold lksuk golden lqugjh occasion volj occasional dHkh&dHkh

guarantee tekur guaranteed ftEek fy;k origin L=ksr original eksfyd

107
gymnast O;k;ke gymnastic O;k;ke paralysis ydok ekjk gqvk paralytic ydok

jealousy bZ";kZ jealous bZ";kZyw path ekxZ pathless ekxZjfgr

justice U;k; justifiable U;k; ;ksX; person O;fDr personal O;fDrxr

labor ifjJe laborious ifjJeh probability laHkkouk probable laEHkkO;

Legend ikSjkf.kd dFkk legendary ikSjkf.kd moment {k.k momentous {kf.kd

quarrel >xM+k quarrelsome >xM+kyw mercy n;k merciful n;kyw

single ,d singular vdsyk caution lko/kkuh cautious lko/kku

angle dks.k angular dks.kh; silk js'ke silken js'keh

value ewY; valuable ewY;oku leaf iRrh leafy iRrhnkj

hell ujd hellish ukjdh; salve xqyke slavish xqyke

sympathy lgkuwHkwfr sympathetic lgkuwHkwfr iw.kZ satire O;aX; satirical O;aX;iw.kZ

fever Toj feverish Toj tSlk science foKku scientific oSKkfud

merit xq.k meritorious xq.kh sentiment Hkkouk sentimental Hkkoqd

peace 'kkafr temperamen temperame

peaceful 'kkar t LoHkko ntal LokHkkfod

result ifj.kke lfEEkfy phtks

resultant
dk urhtk adventure lkgl dk dk;Z adventurous lkgfld

root tM+ Rooty tM+foghu satire O;aX; satirical O;aX;iw.kZ

taste Lokn tasteful Lokfn"V paternity fir`Ro paternal iSr`d

Lons'kkfHkek
right U;k; righteous U;k;ijk;.k patriot ns'kHkDr patriotic uh

neighbour iMkslh nighbourly feyulkj physiology 'kjhj foKku physiological 'kkjhfjd

PRONOUN

108
Defination: -A pronoun is a word which is used on the the place of noun.
Nouns are men, women, animal, girl, boy and things. buds LFkku ij he, she, it, they,
this, that vkfn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s pronoun gSA
tSl%s & Ram is a good boy and he studies in S.N.P.G. college.
;gk Ram ,d noun ftlds fy,, ‘he’ pronoun dk mi;ksx gqvk gSA

KINDS OF PRONOUN: - 1) Personal pronoun (O;fDrokpd loZuke)

2) Possessive pronoun (vf/kdkjokpd loZuke)
3) Demonstrative pronoun (ladsrokpd loZuke)
4) Distributive pronoun (O;fIVokpd loZuke)
5) Reciprocal pronoun (ikjLifjd laca/kokpd loZuke)
6) Reflexive pronoun (futokpd loZuke)
7) Emphatic pronoun (nckolqpd loZuke)
8) Indefinite pronoun (vfuf’prokpd loZuke)
9) Relation pronoun (laca/kokpd loZuke)
10) Interrogative pronoun (iz’uokpd loZuke)
11) Exclamatory pronoun (vk’p;Zlwpd loZuke)

1) Personal pronoun (O;fDrokpd loZuke)

bu pronoun dk mi;ksx proper noun es cuus okys pronoun ds :i es gksrk gSA

Ex: - I, me, you, we, us, he, him, she, her, it, they, them.
Note: - a)Tkc nks ;k nks ls vf/kd pronoun dk mi;ksx sentences ds subject ds :i es gks rks ge mldk
dze 231 ds fglkc ls j[krs gSA
2 – Second person, 3 – third person, 1 – first person
(you) (He, she, they) (I, we)
Ex: - rqe] og vkSj eS bl dk;Z dks dj jgs gSA
You, he and I are doing this work.
(2) (3) (1)
b) ;fn bles plural subject dk mi;ksx sentence es gks rks ge (1)(2)(3) okys pattern dks apply djrs gSA
Ex:- We and you have done this work.
(1) (2)
c) ;fn fdlh sentences es mistake (xyrh), guilty(vijk/k), blunder ;k error (Hkwy dk Hkko) gks rks
singular o plural nksuks subject ds lkFk 123 okys pattern dk mi;ksx gksxkA

2) Possessive pronoun (vf/kdkjokpd loZuke)

109
bldk mi;ksx fdlh oLrq ij vf/kdkj gksus ds vFkZ es fd;k tkrk gSA
This pen is mine. ;g isu esjk gSA
This is my pen. ;g esjk isu gSA
;g okD; Hkh lgh gS fdarq bles my pen gS ftles my ,d possessive adjective gSA
vr%
Possessive adjective Possessive pronoun
My + noun mine
Our + noun ours
Your + noun yours
His + noun his
Her + noun hers
Their theirs

vr% ge ns[krs gS fd possessive pronoun dk mi;ksx noun ls igys ugh gksrk gS] noun ls igys flQZ
possessive adjective dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Ex: - This is my pen.
This pen is mine.
3) Demonstrative pronoun (ladsrokpd loZuke)
This, that, these, those, such ;s lHkh pronoun dk mi;ksx noun dh vksj ladsr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA
Ex: - a) This is my pen.
b) These are Ram’s books.
Note: - ;gk ;fn this pen is mine cuk,xs rks ;gk this dk mi;ksx demonstrative adjective ds :Ik es
gksxkA
4. Distributive pronoun (O;fIVokpd loZuke)
Each, either, neither, both, all ;s lHkh distributive pronoun gS] bUgs ges’kk singular ekuk tkrk gS rFkk
buds lkFk singular helping dk iz;ksx gksxkA
Ex: - a) Each of the boys is present today. [right]
Each of the boys are present today. [wrong]
b) Either of you can stay here.
(vki nksuks es ls dksbZ ,d ;gk jg ldrk gSA)

Note: - Either dk iz;ksx nks es ls dksbZ ,d ds fy, gksrk gS ,oa Neither dk mi;ksx nks es ls dksbZ Hkh ugh ds vFkZ
es gksrk gSA
Ex: - a) Either of the girls has done this.
nks yM+fd;ks es ls fdlh ,d us ;g fd;k gSA
b) Neither of the teachers was present.
nksuks teachers es ls dksbZ Hkh dy mifLFkr ugh FkkA

5) Reciprocal pronoun (ikjLifjd laca/kokpd loZuke)

110
 Each other, one another ;s ,sls pronoun gS tks nks pronoun ls feydj curs gS ,oa ijLij laca/k dks n’kkZrs gSA
Ex: - a) The two friends quarreled with each other.
b) The friends quarreled with one another.
Note: -Each other dk mi;ksx nkss ds fy, o one another dk mi;ksx nks ls T;knk ds fy, gksrk gSA

6) Reflexive pronoun (futokpd loZuke)

Myself , ourselves, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves, itself, oneself ;as lHkh
Reflexive pronoun dgykrs gS D;ksfd tks dk;Z drkZ (subject) ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gS og dk;Z subject Lo;a
ij gh fuHkZj djrk gS vr% bls Reflexive pronoun dgrs gSA
Ex: - I do my work myself.
He is going himself to help her.
We should do our work ourselves.
7. Emphatic pronoun (nckolqpd loZuke)
Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself,themselves, oneself vkfn dk mi;ksx
subject dks emphasize djus ds fy, Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA a
Ex: - 1) He himself came here to meet me.
og Lo;a eq>ls feyus ;gk vk;k
bl okD; es geus himself dks subject ds ckn yxkdj subject ij emphasize gSA

8) Indefinite pronoun (vfuf’prokpd loZuke)

Everybody,somebody,nobody, anybody, everyone, someone, no one, anyone, anything,
everything, something, nothing, anything, all, some, any, both, another, much, few, little, one,
none.
Note: - bUgs indefinite demonstrative pronoun Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
bues some, few, both ,oa all dks NksM+dj lHkh ds lkFk singular helping verb yxrh gSA
Ex: - Someone has stolen my watch.
Everything is yours.
Note: -Indefinite pronoun tSls someone, anyone, somebody, anybody dk mi;ksx person ds lkFk
gksrk gS o budk possessive case ‘his’ gksrk gSA
Ex: - 1) Someone should do his duty.
2) Somebody has forgotten his pen.
Note: - fdarq one ds lkFk ,slk ugh gksrk gSA bldk tc subject ds :Ik es mi;ksx gksxk rks bldk
objective case ‘one’ o possessive case – one’s o reflexive case oneself gksxkA
Ex: - One should do one’s duty.

9) Relative pronoun (laca/kokpd loZuke)

Who, whom, which, whose, that. ;s pronoun ,d conjunction ds :i es iz;qDr gksdj nks sentences dks
tksM+us dk dk;Z djrs gSA
Ex: - 1)The boy, who was talking with you, is my childhood friend.
og yM+dk tks rqels ckr dj jgk Fkk, esjs cpiu dk nksLr gSA

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 2) The boy, withwhom you were talking is my childhood friend.
og yM+dk ftlds lkFk rqe ckr dj jgs Fks] esjs cpiu dk nksLr gSA
3) The boy, whose pen you are using, is my childhood friend.
og yM+dk ftldk isu rqe mi;ksx dj jgs gks] esjs cpiu dk nksLr gSA
4) The book, which I purchased yesterday is useless.
og fdrkc tks eSus dy [kjhnh] csdkj gSaA
bu example es who, withwhom, whose, which, what relative pronoun gS] ftudk mi;ksx
conjunction ds :i es nks okD;ks dks tksM+us ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA
Note: - Who dk mi;ksx – Nomimative case(person)
Whom dk mi;ksx – Objective case (person)
Which dk mi;ksx – non living and animals
What - things and thoughts
That - Living and non living
Whose - Possessive case (person)
10) Interrogative pronoun (iz’uokpd loZuke)
Who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where etc. interrogative pronoun gSA budk iz;ksx iz’u iqNus
ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex: 1) Who is learning English from P.I.?
2) Whom are you talking with?
3) Whose is this pen?
4) Which is your pen?
5) What do you want to say?
11) Exclamatory pronoun (vk’p;Zlwpd loZuke)
A pronoun is used as an explanation is called an exclamatory pronoun.
Ex: - a) What! You don’t know Narendra Modi?
b) What! You lost my cell phone?

POSSESIVE CASE
PERSON NOMINATIVE CASE OBJECTIVE CASE

POSSESIVE POSSESIVE
ADJECTIVE PRONOUN

I Me My Mine
First Parson
We Us Our Ours
Second Person You you your yours
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
Third Person They Them Their Theirs
It It Its Its

ADVERB

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An adverb is that which modifies the meaning of verb or adjective or another adverb or adverbial
phrase.
Ex: - a) He speaks well ;g well verb speak dh fo’ksirk crk jgk gSA
b) This is a very sweet mango. - ;gk very adjective word sweet dh fo’ksirk crk jgk gSA
c) He speaks very loudly. ;gk Adverb very vU; adverb loudly dh fo’ksirk crk jgk gSA
KINDS OF ADVERB
1) Adverb of manner (fof/kokpd fdz;kfo’ksi.k)
2) Adverb of place(LFkkuokpd fdz;kfo’ksi.k)
3) Adverb of time(le;okpd fdz;kfo’ksi.k)
4) Adverb of number(la[;kokpd fdz;kfo’ksi.k)
5) Adverb of quantity(ifjek.kokpd fdz;kfo’ksi.k)
6) Adverb of reason(dkj.kokpd fdz;kfo’ksi.k)
7) Adverb of affirmative or negation(ldkjkRed ;k udkjkRed fdz;kfo’ksi.k)
8) Interrogative adverb(iz’uokpd fdz;kfo’ksi.k)
9) Relative adverb (laca/kokpd fdz;kdfo’ksi.k)

1) ADVERB OF MANNER
Ex: - hard, fast, clearly, slowly, bravely, foolishly, wisely, loudly, soundly, badly, carefully.

2) ADVERB OF PLACE
Ex: -Here, there, up, within, above, below, far, near, backward, inside, outside, outdoors, indoors,
out, away, down, everywhere, somewhere, without.

3) ADVERB OF TIME
Ex: -Today, tomorrow, yesterday, last night, next day, next week, now, just now, ago, daily.

4) ADVERB OF NUMBER/FREQUENCY
Ex: - Once, twice, thrice, again, seldom, always, never, often, hardly,firstly, secondly, rarely.

5) ADVERB OF QUANTITY

Ex: - too, very, quite, enough, rather, fairly, entirely, altogether, almost, partially, nearly, fully,
so, well, wholly
6) ADVERB OF REASON
Ex: - hence, therefore, consequently.

7) ADVERB OF AFFIRMATIVE OR NEGATIVE

Ex: - yes, no, probably, not, surely, certainly, indeed, by no means, not at all

8) INTERROGATIVE ADVERB

Ex: - When, how long, where, how many times, how much, how far, how, in what degree, why,
in what way.

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 9) RELATIVE ADVERB
tc interrogative adverb dk iz;ksx nks sentences dks tksM+us ds fy, gksrk gS rks ;s relative adverb ds :i
es dke djrs gSA
Ex: - where, when, why, how, whatever.
Important facts regarding adverbs =>
1) Adverbs only, even, merely, solely dk mi;ksx ml word ls igys fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftuds fy,
budk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex: - a) I only helped him.
eSaus mldh flQZ enn dhA
b) I helped only him.
eSus flQZ mldh gh enn dhA
c) Only I helped him.
flQZ eSus gh mldh enn dhA

bu rhuks okD;ks es Only ds vyx vyx LFkku ij mi;ksx djus ls sentence dk vFkZ cny tkrk gSaA
d) He could not even speak anything.
og ;gk rd dh dqN Hkh ugh cksy ldkA
e) Even he could not speak anything.
;gk rd dh og Hkh dqN ugh cksy ldkA
2) ;fn fdlh Sentence es ,d lkFk nks ;k nks ls T;knk adverb vk tk;s rks mudk order ge MPT ds vuqlkj
djsxsA
MPT mean: -
1) M – adverb of manner
2) P – adverb of place
3) T – adverb of time
vFkkZr ge igys Adverb of manner, fQj adverb of place fQj adverb of time dks j[ksxsA
Ex: - a) He spoke loudly at the meeting yesterday.
(1) (2) (3)
b) He was running fast on the road.
(1) (2)
3).;fn fdlh sentence es adverb of time dk iz;ksxk nks ;k nks ls T;knk ckj gks rks ge lcls igys NksVk
time fQj mlls cMk] fQj lcls cMs time dks j[krs gSA
Ex:-Mr. Rajput came here at 9 o’clock in the morning on Monday.
She had born at 6 o’clock in the morning on Sunday in 1994.
4) dqN ‘’kCnks dk mi;ksx adjective rFkk adverbs nksuks ds :i es gksrk gSA

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 USED AS ADJECTIVE USED AS ADVERB

1) Enough- I have enough time. Enough- I have worked enough.

2) Much - There is much milk in the glass. Much - She is much better today.

3) Long - It is a long story. Long - I have waited long.

4) Loud - My wife speaks in a loud voice. Loud - My wife speaks loud

5) Hard - Iron is a hard metal. Hard We must work hard.

6) Only - She is my only sister. Only I can only speak English.

7) Little - He has little knowledge Little - I like his job little.

about this subject.
8) Fast- Bolt is a fast runner. Fast- Bolt runs fast.

9) Early- I am an early coming guy. Early- She wakes up early

.
10) Quick - My son gives a quick reply. Quick - He come quick.

5) Adverb of frequency tSls always, never, often, ever, generally, rarely, frequently, seldom,
sometimes, occasionally, usually etc. dk iz;ksx main verb ds igys o helping verb ds ckn gksrk gSA
Ex: - a) He always wakes up early.
b) He is always at home on Sunday.
c) You will never do this.
d) Teacher seldom comes late.

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FORMATION OF ADVERBS

Note: - lkekU;r% adjective ds :i es ly yxkdj ge adverb dks cukrs gSA

Adjective + ly = Adverb

Adjective Adverb

1. Clever + ly cleverly
2. Wise + ly Wisely
3. Kind + ly Kindly
4. Foolish + ly Foolishly
5. Quick + ly Quickly
6. Honest + ly Honestly
7. Brave + ly Bravely
8. Beautiful+ ly Beautifully
9. Busy + ly Busily
10. Angry + ly Angrily
11. Slow + ly Slowly
12. Bad + ly Badly
13. Calm + ly Calmly
14. Careful + ly Carefully
15. Careless + ly Carelessly
16. Certain + ly Certainly
17. Correct + ly Correctly
18. Curious + ly Curiously
19. Eager + ly Eagerly
20. Easy + ly Easily
21 Cheap + ly Cheaply
22 Probable +ly Probably
23 Terrible + ly Terribly
24 Gentle + ly Gently
25 Basic + ly Basically
26 Economic + ly Economically
27 Continuous + ly Continuously
28 Crazy + ly Crazily
29 Powerful + ly Powerfully
30 Speedy + ly Speedily

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 ADJECTIVE
Defination :- An Adjective is a word used to quality a Noun or pronoun.
Generally Adjective are used before the noun to quality them.
(lkekU;r% Adjective dk iz;ksxNoun ds igys noun dh fo’ksirk crkus ds fy, gksrk gSA)
Ex:- a. Rani is a beautiful girl.
b. Ajit is a handsome and intelligent.
c. She has a big car.
d. The well is very deep.
(;gk Example a,b,c,d es beautiful , handsome, intelligent, big and deep adjective gS tks Noun dh
fo’ksirk crkrs gSA)

KINDS OF ADJECTIVE
1. Adjective of quality
2. Adjective of quantity
3. Adjective of Number
4. Proper Adjective
5. Possessive Adjective
6. Distribution Adjective
7. Demonstrative Adjective
8. Interrogative Adjective
9. Emphasizing Adjective
10. Exclamatory Adjective

1. ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY: -
,sls Adjective tks fd jax] :i] vkdkj] izdkj] xq.k] nksi] fLFkfr o ,d fo’ksi fLFkfr] voLFkk dk cks/k
djk,] mUgs Adjective of quality dgk tkrk gSA
Ex:- Good, bad, tall ,black, white, honest, brave, intelligent, dull, clean
A. Ram is a good boy.
B. I have a black car.

2. ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY: -
,sls Adjective ftudk mi;ksx noun ls igys mudh ek=k vkSj ifjek.k dks n’kkZus ds fy,
gksrk gSA
Ex:- Enough, all, a lot of, little, a little, the little

a) He has enough money to spend still his demand more.

b) He has lost all his wealth.
3. ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER
,sls Adjective tks noun ls igys mudh la[;k dks n’kkZ,A
buds 2 izdkj gksrs gS%&

a) Definite Adjective of number: - one, two, three, next, last, first, second, third etc.
b)Indefinite adjective of number: -some, any, many, most etc.

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 4. PROPER ADJECTIVE: -
,sls adjective tks fd proper noun ls curs gS rFkk noun o pronoun dh fo’ksirk crkrs gSA
Ex: -
Proper noun Proper adjective
India Indian
China Chinese
Nepal Nepalese
Africa African
Pakistan Pakistani
England English
Brazil Brazilian

Note: -proper noun ,oa proper adjective dk mi;ksx dgh Hkh gks igyk Letter capital fy[kk gksrk gSA

5. POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE:-
;g adjective fdlh noun ij fdlh O;fDr fo’ksi ds vf/kdkj dk gksuk n’kkZrk gS
Ex: - My, your, our, their, his, her.

A.) This is my bike.

B) They are our friend.

6. DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE: -
nks ;k nks ls vf/kd noun es ls izR;sd ;k fdlh ,d vFkZ cks/k djkus ds fy,
Adjective distributive adjective gksrk gSA
Ex: -Each, every, either, neither.

a) Each boy has a bicycle. izR;sdyM+ds ds ikl lkbfdy gSA

b) Either pen is yours. nks es ls ,d isu rqEgkjk gSA
c) Neither pen is yours. nks es ls dksbZ Hkh isu rqEgkjk ugh gSA
d) Every man is hard working. gj vkneh ifjJeh gksrk gSA

7. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE: -
,d fo’ksi noun dks point out ladsfrd djus ds fy, Demonstrative adjective dk
mi;ksx gksrk gSA
Ex: - This, that, these, those
a) This pen is red. ;g isu yky gSA
b) These pens are red. ;s isu yky gSA

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 8.INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE: -

lkekU;r% budk mi;ksx iz’u iqNus es gksrk gS vkSj ;s vius lkFk noun dks Hkh j[krs gSA
Ex: - which pen, whose book, what matter.

a) Which pen is yours?

b) Whose book do you have?
c) What matter do you discuss about?

9. EMPHASING/EMPHATIC ADJECTIVE: -

dqN ’kCn tSls own vkSj very dk mi;ksx tc noun ij tksj Mkyus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS] rks ;s
emphatic adjective ds :i es dk;Z djrs gSA

Ex: - 1)I saw him going into forest with my own eyes.
2) The very day I was absent.

10.EXCLAMATORY ADJECTIVE: -

What dk iz;ksx tc vk’p;Z ds Hkko dks O;Dr djus ds fy, gks vFkkZr~ exclamatory sentences es gksA
Ex:-a) What a beautiful girl she is!
b) What a big elephant it is!
c) What an awesome scene!

Some important adjective and their correct uses with example

1.) SOME/ANY:
A) Some – a) bldk iz;ksx countable or uncountable nksuks noun ds lkFk affirmative sentences es gksrk gSA
Ex: - I have some water to drink.
I have water to drink.
He has bought some books.
He has bought any books.

b) bldk iz;ksx dHkh dHkh some Interrogative sentence es gksrk gSaA

Ex: - Will you give me some water?
Will you give me some coffee?
c) Some dk iz;ksx yxHkx ds vFkZ es Hkh gksrk gSA
Ex: - My father gave me some two thousand rupee.
esjs ikik us eq>s yxHkx 2 gtkj :i;s fn,A
B)Any - a) Any dk mi;ksx Negative sentence es gksrk gSA bldk iz;ksx countable ,oa Uncountable Nouns ds vkxs
gksrk gSA
Ex: - 1. They did not give us any water. [Right]
They did not give us some water. [Wrong]
2. There is not any ink in the bottle. . [Right]
There is not some ink in the bottle. . [Wrong]
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b) Any dk mi;ksx Hkh dHkh some dh rjg Interrogative sentence es gksrk gSA
Ex: - Have you any money ?
Did you give her apples?

2. MANY/MUCH : - A)Many -
a) Many dk iz;ksx plural countable noun ds vkxs negative o interrogative sentences es gksrk gSA
Ex: - I don’t have many relatives in the indore.
Do you have many books.
b);fn many dk mi;ksx affirmative sentences es djuk gS rks many ds LFkku ij a great many of, a good many of,
great number of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large number of, large number of enough of
Ex: -I have many friends. [Wrong]
I have a great number of friends. [Right]
B) Much &
a) Much dk iz;ksx uncountable noun ds vkxs negative o interrogative sentences es gksrk gSA
Ex: - Have you much water?
I really don’t have much time to stay here.
b)Many dh rjg much dk iz;ksx Hkh direct affirmative sentences es ugh djrs gSAblds LFkku ij ge a great deal of,
a good deal of, a large quantity of, plenty of, enough of, a lot of dk iz;ksx djrs gSA
Ex: - a) I have much money. [Wrong]
I have plenty of money. [Right]
b) She has much knowledge about this topic. [Wrong]
She has a lot of knowledge about this topic. [Right]
3.) LITTLE, A LITTLE, THE LITTLE: -
A) Little - Little dk iz;ksx uncountable noun ds lkFk ^ugh ds cjkcj gksus ds vFkZ es fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex: - a) She has little money now.
vc mlds ikl ugh ds cjkcj iSls gSA

b) He has little knowledge about this subject.

mls bl foi; ds ckjs es cgqr de Kku gSA
Note: - ;g negative vFkZ j[krk gSA

B) A little - A little dk iz;ksx FkksM+k ;k dqN ds vFkZ es fd;k tkrk gSA

Ex: - a) I have a little knowlwdge about this subject.
eq>s bl foi; ds ckjs es FkksMk Kku gSA
b) There is a little ink in the bottle.
cksVy es FkksM+h L;kgh gSA
Note%&;g affirmative vFkZ j[krk gSA

C) The little - The little dk iz;ksx] tks FkksM+k cgqr gS] ;k tks FkksMk cgqr gS oks iwjk dk iwjk ds vFkZ es iz;ksx
gksrk gSA
Ex: - a) She has spent the little money,she had.

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 og tks FkksMs+ cgqr iSls mlds ikl Fks [kpZ dj pqdh gSsA

b) I have drunk the little water that I had.

eS og FkksM+k cgqr ikuh tks esjs ikl Fkk ih pqdk gqWaA
Note: - bldk iz;ksx affirmative o negative nksuks sence es gksrk gSaAsa

4) FEW, A FEW, THE FEW: -

A) Few:- few dk iz;ksx plural countable noun ds vkxs ugh ds cjkcj ds vFkZ es gksrk gSA ;g Negative meaning
dks n’kkZrk gSA

Ex: - I have met few people there.

eS ogka cgqr de yksxks ls feyk gqA
B) A few: - A few dk iz;ksx plural countable noun ds lkFk FkksM+k ;k dqN ds vFkZ es gksrk gSA
Ex:-1) I have met a few people there.
eS ogk FkksM+s yksxks ls feyk gqA
2) She has a few books now.
vc mlds ikl FkksM+h cqd gSA

C) The few: - The few dk iz;ksx plural countable noun ds vkxs tks dqN FkksMk+ cgqr] la[;k de fdUrq iwjk dk iwjk ds
vFkZ es iz;ksx gksrk gSA

Ex: - 1) The few books that I had ,I have read them.

tks FkksM+h cgqr fdrkcs esjs ikl Fkh eS mUgs i<+ pqdk gqA
2)The few boys, who came here, have gone just now.
tks FkksM+s cgqr yM+ds ;gk vk, oks Hkh vHkh pys x, gSA

5) EACH AND EVERY :-

A) Each:- Each dk iz;ksx singular countable noun ds vkxs izR;sd ds vFkZ es nks ;k nks ls vf/kd countable noun ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

Ex: - a) Each student is present today.

izR;sd fo|kFkhZ vkt mifLFkr gSA
b) Each girl is busy in writing.

Note: - ysfdu ;fn Each of dk iz;ksx gks rks plural countable noun yxrk gSA ijUrq bles
Helping verb singular gh yxrh gSA
Ex: - a) Each of the boys is busy in writing.
yM+dks es ls izR;sd fy[kus es O;Lr gSA
b) Each of the books is easy to understand.
B) Every: - Every dk iz;ksx izR;sd ds vFkZ es nks ;k nks ls vf/kd countable noun ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex: - 1) Every boy of this class is very intelligent.
bl d{kk dk izR;sd fo|kFkhZ cgqr gksf’k;kj gSA
2) Every politician is not corrupt.
Note: - Every dk iz;ksx nearly, almost, practically, without, exception
ds ckn gksrk gS]bles Each dk iz;ksx ugh gksrk gSA

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Ex: - a) Manisha has need almost every book, she had.
Manisha has need of most each book she had.

6) EITHER AND NEITHER : -

A) Either: - Either dk iz;ksx nks es ls dksbZ ,d ds vFkZ es singular countable noun ds lkFk gksrk gSA
Ex: - a) Either pen is mine.
nks es ls ,d isu esjk gSA
b) Either book is yours.
nks es ls ,d iqLrd rqEgkjh gSA

Note: - Either of ds lkFk plural countable noun dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

Helping verb singular dh gh yxrh gSA

Ex:-a) Either of the books is yours. [right]

b) Either of the books are yours. [wrong]

B) Neither: - bldk iz;ksx nks es ls dksbZ ugh ds vFkZ es singular countable noun ds vkxs gksrk gSA
Ex: -a) Neither boy is present today.
nks es ls dksbZ Hkh yM+dk vkt mifLFkr ugh gSA
b) Neither book is good to read.
Note: - Either of dh rjg Neither of ds lkFk Hkh Plural countable noun dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
helping verb singular dh gh yxrh gSA

Ex: - Neither of the girls is intelligent in the class.

Note: - ;fn ges nks ls T;knk ds fy, dguk gS rks Neither ds LFkku ij None dk iz;ksx djrs gSA

Ex:- None of the girls is intelligent in the class.

PERSONA INSTITUTE FOR ENGLISH

SUBCRIBE, LIKE AND SHARE

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 DEGREE

English es degree of comparison rhu izdkj gksrs gS: -

1. Positive degree: - tc fdlh adjective dk iz;ksx fdlh O;fDr] oLrq ;k inkFkZ ds lkekU; xq.k ]
voLFkk vkfn dk cks/k djkus ds fy, gksrk gSa] rks og adjective positive degree es gksrk gSA Positive
degree ds adjective dks as……..as or so……..as ds chp es j[kk tkrk gSA As ds ckn
nominative case ds pronoun dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
1. This bag is heavy.
2. You are a good student.
3. Ramesh is as handsome as Suresh.
4. She is as beautiful as Veena.
5. He is not so good as I.

Note: - Affirmative rFkk negative sentence es as………..as or so………as dk iz;ksx gksrk

gS ysfdu so……….as dk iz;ksx dks negative sentence es djuk pkfg,A

2. Comparative degree: - tc fdlh adjective dk iz;ksx nks O;fDr;ks] oLrqvks ;k inkFkkssZ ds chp rqyuk
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS] rks Adjective comparative degree es gksrk gSA Comparative degree
ds adjective ds ckn than dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ‘Than’ ds ckn nominative case ds pronoun dk
iz;ksx gksrk gS];fn subject ds ckn intransitive verb dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

tSls-
1. Mukesh is better than Pinku.
2. She is more beautiful than Shobhana.
3. He is taller than I.
4. America is richer than India.
 The + comparative + of the two + plural noun dk iz;ksx selection ds Hkko dks express djus ds
fy, gksrk gSA
1. She is the better of the two girls.
2. He was the more intelligent of the two boys.
Note: - Subject ds ckn transitive verb dk iz;ksx gks rks than ds ckn objective case ds pronoun dk
iz;ksx gksrk gSA
You love him more than me.
3. Superlative degree: - fdlh adjective dk iz;ksx nks ls vf/kd O;fDr;ks] oLrqvks ;k inkFkkssZ ds chp
rqyuk djus ds fy, rFkk highest degree of quality dks express djus ds fy, gksrk gS] rks og adjective
superlative degree gksrk gSA
1. Rani is the most beautiful girl in the class.
2. pulli babu is the oldest man in the village.

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Positive degree ls comparative rFkk superlative degree cukus ds fu;e% &

Rule 1: - lkekU;r% positive degree ds adjective ds var es ‘er’ rFkk ‘est’ tksM+dj dze’k%
comparative rFkk superlative degree cuk;k tkrk gSA
Ex: - Tall taller tallest
High higher highest

Rule 2: - ;fn fdlh positive degree ds adjective ds var es ‘e’ gks]rks ‘r’ rFkk ‘st’ tksM+dj dze’k%
comparative rFkk superlative degree cuk;k tkrk gSA
Ex: - White whiter whitest
Brave braver bravest

Rule 3: - ;fn fdlh positive degree ds adjective ds var es consonant gks rFkk consonant ds igys vowel
gks rks ‘er’ rFkk ‘est’ tksM+dj comparative rFkk superlative degree cukrs le; vafre consonant dk
double gks
tkrk gSA
Ex: - Sad Sadder Saddest
Red redder reddest

Rule 4: - ;fn fdlh positive degree ds adjective ds var es ‘y’ gks rFkk ‘y’ ds igys consonant gks rks ‘y’
dks ‘i’ es cnydj ‘er’ rFkk ‘est’ tksM+dj dze’k% comparative rFkk superlative degree cuk;k tkrk gSA

Ex: - Easy Easier Easiest

Lazy lazier laziest

Rule 5: - ;fn fdlh positive degree ds adjective ds var es ‘y’ gks rks ‘y’ ds igys vowel gks rks
flQZ ‘er’ rFkk ‘est’ tksM+dj dze’k% comparative rFkk superlative degree cuk;k tkrk gSA
‘y’ dks ‘I’ es ugh cnyk tkrk gSA
Ex: - Gay Gayer gayest

Rule 6: - dqN ,sls positive degree ds adjective gS ftudk comparative rFkk superlative form
different gksrk gSA
Ex: - Good better best
Well better best

Rule 7: - nks ;k nks ls vf/kd Syllables ds positive degree ds vkxs adjective ds vkxs more rFkk
most tksM+dj dze’k% comparative rFkk superlative degree cuk;k tkrk gSA
Ex: - Famous more famous most famous
Handsome more handsome most handsome

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Rule 8:- Latin adjective junior, senior, inferior, superior, posterior, prior, anterior dk
iz;ksx comparative degree ds adjective ds :i es gksrh gS] vr% blds igys more, less rFkk most,
least tksM+dj dze’k% comparative rFkk superlative degree ugh cuk;k tkrk gSA blds ckn ges’kk
preposition ‘to’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS u fd conjunction ‘than’ dkA

1. Junior: - Mukesh is junior to all his brothers. (Right)

Mukesh is more junior to all his brothers. (Wrong)
Mukesh is junior than all his brothers. (Wrong)
Mukesh is less junior to all his brothers. (Wrong)
Mukesh is most junior to his entire brother. (Wrong)

2. Superior: - Japanese goods are superior to Nepalese goods. (Right)

Japanese goods are more superior to Nepalese goods. (Wrong)
Japanese goods are less superior to Nepalese goods. (Wrong)
Japanese goods are most superior to Nepalese goods. (Wrong)

3. Inferior: - She is inferior to Neha in beauty.(Right)

She is more inferior to Neha in beauty(Wrong)
She is less inferior to Neha in beauty.( Wrong)
4. Senior:- Mohan is senior to Vijay.( Right)
Mohan is more senior to Vijay.( Wrong)
Mohan is senior than Vijay.( Wrong)
Mohan is less senior to Vijay.( Wrong)
Mohan is most senior to Vijay.( Wrong)
5. Prior: - This event took place prior to the Second World War.(Right)
This event took place more prior to the Second World War.( Wrong)
This event took place prior than the Second World War.( Wrong)
This event took place less prior to the Second World War.( Wrong)
This event took place most prior to the Second World War.( Wrong)
6. Anterior: - This event took place anterior to that.(Right)
This event took place more anterior to that. .( Wrong)
This event took place anterior than that. .( Wrong)
This event took place less anterior to that. .( Wrong)
This event took place most anterior to that. .( Wrong)
7. Posterior: - This event is posterior to that.(Right)
This event is more posterior to that. .( Wrong)
This event is posterior than that. .( Wrong)
This event is less posterior to that. .( Wrong)
This event is most posterior to that. .( Wrong)
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Note: - 1) Junior, senior, inferior, superior, anterior, posterior, prior dk iz;ksx positive
degree ds adjective ds :i es gksrk gSA
Ex:- Mr. D.S. khanna is a senior advocate.
Gouri babu is a junior engineer.
 Junior, inferior, anterior dk opposite words dze’k% senior, superior, posterior gksrk gSA
2) Junior, senior, inferior, superior dk iz;ksx countable noun dh rjg plural form es Hkh gksrk gSA
Ex: - Anil was my senior.
He is my junior.
We must obey our senior
.
Rule 9: - Minor, major, interior, exterior, ulterior – Latin adjectives gS] budk iz;ksx positive
degree ds adjective ds :i es gksrk gS u fd comparative degree ds adjectives ds :Ik esA
Ex: - The interior wall of this building is not strong.
The exterior wall of this building is strong.
This is a major operation.
This is a minor operation.
 Minor, interior dk opposite words dze’k% major, exterior gSA blds igys more, most tksM+dj
dze’k% comparative rFkk superlative degree ugh cuk;k tkrk gSA
The most major portion
The major portion
Note: - (i) Minor dk iz;ksx noun ds :i es vYiOk;Ld ;k ukckfyx ds vFkZ es gksrk gS]tcfd major
dk iz;ksx lSU;ny dk v/;{k] o;Ld ;k ckfyx ds vFkZ es gksrk gSA

(ii) a) An officer in rank above a captain – major

b) A person under age – minor
c) A person of full age – major
Ex: - This boy is a minor. That man was a major.
;g yM+dk ukckfyx gSA ;g vkneh estj FkkA

=> Interior dk iz;ksx noun ds :i es e/; Hkkx (the inner part) ds vFkZ es gksrk gSA
The interior of the dining hall was painted.

Rule 10: - ‘Highest degree of quality’ dks express djus okys adjective ds igys more, most dk
iz;ksx dj dze’k% comparative ,superlative degree ugh cuk;k tkrk gS] u gh ‘er’ rFkk ‘est’ tksM+djA

126
 DEGREE

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

degree degree degree
degree degree degree
41. Splendid more splendid most splendid
1. Tall taller tallest
42. Useful more useful most useful
2. High higher highest
43. Famous more famous most useful
3. Useful more most
44. Honest more honest most honest
4. Poor poorer poorest
45. Thin thinner thinnest
5. Famous more most
46. Wet wetter wettest
6. Slow slower slowest
47. Hot hotter hottest
7. Honest more most
48. Fit fitter fittest
8. Bright brighter brightest
49. Fat fatter fattest
9. White whiter whitest
50. Big bigger biggest
10. Great greater greatest
51. Dim dimmer dimmest
11. Brave braver bravest
52. Slim slimmer slimmest
12. Clear clearer clearest
53. Easy easier easiest
13. Wise wiser wisest
54. Lazy lazier laziest
14. Dear dearer dearest
55. Heavy heavier heaviest
15. Wide wider widest
56. Happy happiest happiest
16. Cheap cheaper cheapest
57. Wealth wealthier wealthiest
17. Fine finer finest
58. Healthy healthier healthiest
18. Small smaller smallest
59. Dry drier driest
19. Able abler ablest
60. Merry merrier merriest
20. Long longer longest
61. Pretty prettier prettiest
21. Nice nicer nicest
62. Busy busier busiest
22. Deep deeper deepest
63. Holy holier holiest
23. Large larger largest
64. Gay gayer gayest
24. Clever cleverer cleverest
65. Grey greyer greyest
25. Noble nobler noblest
66. Gray grayer grayest
26. Thick thicker thickest
67. Good better best
27. True truer truest
68. Well better best
28. Shallow shallower shallowest
69. Bad worse worst
29. Sad sadder saddest
70. Ill worse worst
30. Rich richer richest
71. Evil worse worst
31. Red redder reddest
72. Fore former formest
32. Difficult more difficult most difficult
73. Far farther farthest
33. Beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
74. Late later latest
34. Laborious more laborious most laborious
75. Little less least
35. Interesting more Interesting most Interesting
76. Much more most
36. Intelligent more intelligent most intelligent
77. Many more most
37. Expensive more expensive most expensive
78. Nigh nigher nighest
38. Handsome more handsome most handsome
79. Old older oldest
39. Courageous more Courageous most Courageous
80. Near nearer nearest
40. Magnificent more magnificent most magnificent
81. Fore further futherest

127
 MASTER KEY OF PREPOSITION
A) VERB HINDI MEANING PREPOSITION MEANING

1. Abstain vyx jguk from something

2. Accuse nksikjksi.k to request
3. Admit Lohdkj djuk of excuse
4. Admit izos’k djus nsuk to/into secret
5. Agree lger gksuk to proposal
6. Agree lger gksuk with a person
7. Agree lger gksuk on a matter
8. Arrive igqapuk at a conclusion
9. Arrive igqapuk at a smaller place
10. Arrive igqapuk in a bigger place
11. Aim fu’kkuk yxkuk at something
12. Appoint cgky@fu;qDr djuk to some post
13. Act dke djuk from fear
14. Attend ns[kHkky djuk to something
15. Apologize {kek;kpuk djuk to a person
16. Apologize {kek;kpuk djuk for something
17. Approve eatwj djuk of an action
18. Adapt vuqdwy cukuk to circumstance
19. Answer mRrj nsuk to a person
20. Answer mRrj nsuk for something
21. Buy [kjhnuk from a person/shop
22. Buy [kjhnuk for/at Rs. 50
23. Borrow m/kkj ysuk from/of a person
24. Beware lko/kku gksuk of false friends
25. Believe fo’okl djuk in one’s honesty
26. Beg ;kpuk djuk of a person
27. Beg {kek;kpuk djuk for delay
28. Blame nksikjksi.k djuk for something
29. Blame nksikjksi.k djuk on a person
30. Bark HkkSaduk] tksj ls cksyuk on a person
31. Congratulate c/kkbZ nsuk on one’s success
32. Cure vkjksX; djuk of some disease
33. Cut dkVuk into pieces
34. Compare rqyuk djuk with a person
35. Compare rqyuk djuk to a thing
36. Care ns[kHkky djuk for person/thing
37. Charge nksikjksfir djuk with theft
38. Challenge pqukSrh nsuk to fight
39. Compete izfr;ksfxrk djuk with a person
40. Consult ijke’kZ djuk with one’s colleagues
41. Deal O;kikj djuk in business

128
 42. Deal crkZo djuk with a person
43. Deposit tek djuk in State Bank of India
44. Disagree vlger gksuk with a person
45. Dream LoIu ns[kuk of an I.A.S.
46. Depend fuHkZj jguk on a person
47. Depend fuHkZj jguk upon a thing
48. Dig [kksnuk for something
49. Decide fu.kZ;@r; djuk on something
50. Decide QSlyk nsuk against something
51. Divide ckaVuk@vyx djuk in half
52. Divide NksVs NksVs VqdM+s djuk into four parts
53. Drive dgus@djus dk fopkj djukk at some point
54. Drink fdlh ds vkjksX; ds fufeRr ihuk to a person’s ealth
55. Excuse {kek djuk for something
56. Excuse eqDr djuk from something
57. Export fu;kZr djuk from a country
58. Enter ’kq:vkr djuk upon a career
59. Enter ’kkfey gksuk into an agreement
60. Explain o.kZu djuk to a person
61. Exchange vnyk cnyh djuk for another thing
62. Exchange vnyk cnyh djuk with a person
63. Employ fu;qDr djuk in a factory
64. End ifj.kke gksuk in failure
65. Enquire iwNuk@tkudkjh djuk of a person
66. Enquire iwNuk@tkudkjh djuk about the train
67. Enquire iwNuk@tkudkjh djuk into the matter
68. Enquire LokLF;@fdz;kdyki ds ckjs es iwNuk after a person
69. Extend foLrkj djuk to a place
70. Engage O;Lr jguk in fight
71. Focus dsanz fcanq ij ykuk on something
72. Fire xksyh pykuk on/at somebody
73. Fill Hkjuk with something
74. Fight yM+uk for freedom
75. Fight yM+uk with courage
76. Fight yM+uk against the enemy
77. Free eqDr djuk from/of something/somebody
78. Fall Qal tkuk among thieves
79. Fall vkdze.k djuk on the enemy
80. Fall tehu ij fxj tkuk in the storm
81. Fall fxjuk from the tree
82. Fly ,dk,d xqLls es gks tkuk into rage
83. Guess vuqeku djuk at a thing
84. Glance fuxkg Mkyuk at a book
85. Glance fuxkg Mkyuk over a letter
86. Gain ikuk@thruk@vthZr djuk on someone
129
87. Get igqapuk@izkIr djuk at facts
88. Get ijs’kkuh es my> tkuk into trouble
89. Get away cp fudyuk from one’s clutch
90. Get out fdlh O;fDr ds lkFk fuHkkuk of debt
91. Happen gksuk to a person
92. Hide fNikuk from a person
93. Hunt [kkstuk for/after a thing
94. Hear lquuk of an incident
95. Hope vk’kk djuk for better time
96. Invite vkaef=r djuk to dinner/lunch
97. Invest :i;k yxkuk in some projects
98. Introduce ifjp; djkuk to a person
99. Inquire tkap djuk of a person
100. Inquire iwNrkN djuk into a matter
101. Inquire iwNrkN djuk about something
102. Increase c<+uk in number
103. Inform lwfpr djuk of something
104. Inform lwfpr djuk against a person
105. Impress izHkko Mkyuk on person
106. Impress izHkko Mkyuk with thing
107. Inspire izsj.kk nsuk with courage
108. Incite mdlkuk to some action
109. Import vk;kr djuk into a country
110. Import vk;kr djuk from a country
111. Jump dwnuk at a thing
112. Jump igqapuk to conclusion
113. Join ’kkfey djuk in a game
114. Join feykuk@tksM+uk to another
115. Just balkQ djuk to everyone
116. Keep away ls nwj jguk from wine
117. Keep j[kuk to the point
118. Kick ?k`.kk fn[kkuk against authority
119. Knock [kV[kVkuk at the door
120. Listen lquuk to person/thing
121. Laugh galuk at a person
122. Learn tkuuk of one’s illness
123. Live thou;kiu djuk on fruits
124. Live thou fuokZg djuk within one’s income
125. Live thou fuokZg ds fy, fuHkZj djuk on small income
126. Look [kkstuk for something
127. Look ns[kHkky djuk after some business
128. Look /;ku ls le>uk into a matter
129. Laugh fdlh O;fDr ds lkFk galuss es lkFk nsuk with a person
130. Labour ifjJe djuk for the public good
131. Labour ifjJe djuk at some work
130
 132. Labour ifjJe djuk in good cause
133. Labour ifjJe djuk under the management
134. Look up fdlh dh iza’klk djuk to somebody
135. Leave izLFkku djuk for the place
136. Meet feyuk with success
137. Marry ’kknh djuk to a person
138. Match feykuk with a thing
139. Mix fefJr djuk with water
140. Make fuekZ.k djuk of a thing
141. Make le>uk out the meaning
142. Make {kfriwfrZ djuk up/for some loss
143. Make ladYi djuk up one’s mind
144. Mourn ’kksd djuk for the dead
145. Marvel vk’p;Zpfdr gksuk at the report
146. Object vkifRr djuk to doing something
147. Occur /;ku es vkuk to one’s mind
148. Operate phM+ QkM+ djuk on a patient
149. Offend ukjkt djuk against good taste
150. Originate izkajHk djuk with a person
151. Originate mRiUu gksuk in some place
152. Punish ltk nsuk for something
153. Protect cpkuk from harm
154. Protect j{kk djuk against the water
155. Profit ykHk gksuk by the mistake of other
156. Provide vko’;drk dh iwfrZ djuk for one’s children
157. Provide rS;kj j[kuk against the evil day
158. Provide iznku djuk with something
159. Play [ksyuk with a person
160. Play ctkuk on a musical instrument
161. Prepare rS;kj gksuk for the worst
162. Prepare rS;kj gksuk against harm
163. Pay cnys esa nsuk for one’s broken watch
164. Present lkeus j[kuk at the bank
165. Present fopkjkFkZ dksbZ oLrq izLrqr djuk to a person
166. Pass Lohd`r gksuk over something
167. Quarrel >xM+uk with a person
168. Quarrel >xM+uk over a matter
169. Quarrel >xM+k djuk about something
170. Qualify ;ksX; cuuk for the post
171. Replace izfrLFkkfir djuk by something
172. Recover paxk gksuk from illness
173. Result ?kfVr gksuk from a cause
174. Result ifj.kke fudyuk in consequence
175. Rob fdlh O;fDr ls dksbZ oLrq Nhu ysuk of something
176. Run ihNk djuk after wealth
131
177. Run _.kxzLr gksuk in debt
178. Rail nksi fudkyuk at/against anyone
179. Reason fopkj foe’kZ djuk with a person
180. Reason fopkj foe’kZ djuk about a thing
181. Save cpkuk from harm
182. Send Hkstuk for a person/thing
183. Suffer rdyhQ lguk from a disease
184. Struggle la?kiZ djuk for right
185. Struggle la?kiZ djuk against wrong
186. Supply miyC/k djkuk to person
187. Supply vkiwfrZ djuk with a thing
188. Search [kkstuk for the lost watch
189. Search tkap iM+rky djuk into a matter
190. Smile eqLdjkuk at a person
191. Think fopkj djuk of/about something
192. Think fparu djuk over a matter
193. Throw Qsaduk at a person
194. Trust fo’okl djuk in a person
195. Trust fo’okl djuk to one’s honesty
196. Tell o.kZu djuk of/about an event
197. Taste Lokn ysuk of salt
198. Vie gksM+ djuk with another person
199. Vote ernku djuk for a person/a thing
200. Vote leFkZu@fojks/k djuk against a person/a thing
201. Wait izrh{kk djuk at station
202. Wait izrh{kk djuk for a person/a thing
203. Warn psrkouh nsuk of the danger
204. Warn psrkouh nsuk against person/thing
205. Wish bPNk djuk for something/person
206. Wonder vk’p;Zpfdr gksuk at one’s stupidity
207. Wonder vk’p;Zpfdr gksuk about something
208. Work jpuk djuk at mathematics
209. Work dke djuk for small wages
210. Wait HksaV djuk on a person
211. Yield mRiUu djuk to temptation
212. Yearn rhoz bPNk djuk for affection

132
B) ADJECTIVE MEANING PREPOSITION MEANING

1. Angry dzksf/kr with a person

2. Angry dzksf/kr at something
3. Afraid Hk;Hkhr of something
4. Alien izfrdwy to a person’s character
5. Alive thfor to the problems
6. Busy O;Lr with some work
7. Busy O;Lr at some work
8. Blind va/kk in one eye
9. Blind vufHkK to a person’s fault
10. Blessed vkuane; with good health
11. Confident fo’oLr of success
12. Congratulated c/kkbZ on one’s success
13. Capable lkeF;Z of improvement
14. Charged vkjksfir with theft
15. Charged lkSaik x;k for the broken cup
16. Charged ewY; ekaxk x;k to one’s account
17. Deaf cgjk to all device
18. Dependant vkfJr O;fDr on one’s parent
19. Devoid jfgr of something
20. Dull eancqf/n of understanding
21. Defective [kjkc in workmanship
22. Doubtful vfuf’pr about what to do
23. Eligible ;ksX; for promotion
24. Equal leku to the occasion
25. Essential vko’;d to/for happiness
26. Engaged O;Lr in something
27. Engaged lxkbZ gqvk to a person
28. Effective izHkko’kkyh for a purpose
29. Easy ljy of access
30. Empty [kkyh of its content
31. Free Loar= gksuk from faults
32. Full Hkjuk of mistake
33. Fit ;ksX; for the post
34. Fond izseh of music
35. Famous izfl/n for something
36. Familiar tkudkj to English
37. Good vPNk at Mathematics
38. Guilty nksih of theft
39. Glad [kq’kh of success
40. Glad [kq’k about a thing
41. Greedy yksHkh for a thing
42. Grateful d`rK to a person
43. Honest bZekunkj in one’s dealing
133
44. Hopeful vk’kkfUor of gain
45. Harmful gkfudkjd to health
46. Hungry ykykf;r for affection
47. Hungry ykykf;r after wealth
48. Hurtful uqdlku nsg to health
49. Introduced ifjp; djkuk into place
50. Inspired izsfjr with hope
51. Innocent funksZi of a crime
52. Informed lwfpr fd;k tkuk of the fact
53. Ill chekj with fever
54. Interested :fp j[kus okyk in something/person
55. Independent Loar= of a thing
56. Identical vuq:i with a thing
57. Jealous bZI;kZyq of a person/thing
58. Kind n;kyq to all
59. Known ifjfpr to all
60. Liable ftEesokj for something
61. Loyal fo’oklik= to a person
62. Limited lhfer to an area
63. Liable tokcnsg to a fine
64. Married fookfgr to a person
65. Mad ikxy for a thing
66. Mad ikxy with anger
67. Made ds fy, cuk gqvk for a player
68. Moved gzn; dks nzfor fd;k gqvk to tears
69. Moved gzn; dks nzfor fd;k with pity
70. Moved gzn; dks nzfor gqvk at a sight
71. Moved gzn; dks nzfor gqvk by entreaties
72. Negligent ykijokg of one’s duty
73. Negligent ykijokg in one’s work
74. Necessary vko’;d to to do a thing
75. Notorious dq[;kr for something
76. Natural LokHkkfod to a person
77. Obedient vkKkdkjh to one’s parents
78. Occupied O;Lr with a work
79. Occupied O;Lr in doing a work
80. Offensive vkdzked to person
81. Opposite foifjr to a place
82. Open vkykspuk dk f’kdkj gksuk to conviction
83. Proud ?kaeM of something
84. Prepared rS;kj for something
85. Polite fouez to person
86. Polite fouez in manners
87. Proper mi;qDr for/to an occasion
88. Qualified ;ksX; for something
134
89. Quick rst at Mathematics
90. Quarrelsome >xM+kyw with everyone
91. Related lacf/kr to a person
92.Respectful lEekuiw.kZ to all
93. Rich vehj in something
94.Ready rS;kjh for something
95.Ready rS;kj in one’s answer
96.Similar ln`’; to something
97.Satisfied larqIV with something
98.Sensitive tjk lh ckr dk cqjk ekuuk to something
99.Shocked vk?kkr at one’s behavior
100 Slow ean xfr ls pyuk at something
101 Sorry mnkl for a person
102 Sorry mnkl about something
103 Tired Fkdk gqvk of doing something
104 Thankful vglkuean for one’s mercy
105 True lR; to one’s friends
106 Tired Fkdk gqvk with one’s exertion
107 Thankful vglkuean to a person
108 Useful mi;ksxh for many purposes
109 Unequal vleku to the task
110 Vain O;FkZ of one’s beauty
111. Vexed ijs’kku at one’s failure
112. Vested fufgr LokFkZ in a person
113. Void jfgr of meaning
114. Victorious fotsrk over difficulties
115. Weak detksj in mathematics
116. Wanting deh@vHkko in something
117. Weak detksj of understanding
118. Welcome Lokxr to my house
119. Wide vizklafxd of the mark
120. Zealous mRlkgh for improvement
121. Zealous mRlkgh in a cause

135
C) NOUN MEANING PREPOSITION MEANING

1. Attack vkdze.k on somebody

2. Affection Lusg for somebody
3. Access igqap to a person/place
4. Ability ;ksX;rk for some work
5. Ability {kerk in some work
6. Arrival vkxeu at smaller place
7. Arrival vkxeu in bigger place
8. Answer mRrj to a question
9. Attention /;ku@uez O;ogkj to study/something
10. Attraction vkdiZ.k@vkdfiZr djus dh ’kfDr to/towards a thing
11. Bargain [kjhnus cspus dk le>kSrk with a person
12. Bargain vk’kk djuk for something
13. Battle ;q)@yM+kbZ@laxzke for something
14. Battle ;q)@yM+kbZ@laxzke with a person
15. Belief fo’okl@er@/kkj.kk in life
16. Capacity lkeF;Z for mastering facts
17. Care fpark@ns[kHkky of one’s health
18. Confidence fo’okl in a person
19. Contact laidZ with somebody
20. Control fu;a=.k over one’s class
21. Cause dkj.k@otg of anxiety
22. Cause dkj.k@otg for family rejoicing
23. Copy udy@izfrfyfi from nature
24. Doubt lansg of something
25. Doubt lansg about something
26. Decline iru of a kingdom
27. Dependence fuHkZjrk on person
28. Duty drZO; to a person/a country
29. Decision fu.kZ; of some dispute
30. Danger [krjk@Hk; of something
31. Discussion fookn on/about some subject
32. Entrance izos’k into a place
33. Excuse {kek for doing something
34. Experience vuqHko of a thing
35. Experience vuqHko in doing something
36. Expert fuiq.k in something
37. Exposure [kqyko to something
38. Facility lqfo/kk for something
39. Failure vlQyrk of plan/person
40. Fear Hk;Hkhr of a thing
41. Freedom Lora=rk of work
42. Feeling leosnuk towards a person
43. Feeling Li’kZ Kku about a thing
136
44. Fine tqekZuk for an offence
45. Guess vuqeku at a thing
46. Grasp idM+uk of a thing
47. Grief nq%[k at something
48. Grief nq%[k for a person
49. Glance n`fIV at a person/thing
50. Glance n`fIV over a wide surface
51. Hope vk’kk djuk of something
52. Hunger Hkw[kk for something
53 . Hint ladsr at a thing
54. Hatred ?k`.kk of/for a person
55. Hostility nq’euh to somebody
56. Harmony lkaetL; with a thing
57. Inquiry iwNrkN into a matter
58. Identify igpku with a person/thing
59. Interest :fp in a thing
60. Interest :fp with a person
61. Invitation vkea=.k to a party
62. In fluence izHkko with/over a person
63. Jurisdiction {ks=kf/kdkj over some place
64. Knowledge Kku of a thing
65. Knack n{krk for a thing
66. Knack dkS’ky of doing something
67. Lack vHkko of money
68 . Liking ialn for a thing
69. Lust ykylk for money
70. Limit lhek to a thing
71. Look n`fIV of a thing
72. Lecture Hkki.k on subject
73 . Leisure vodk’k for amusement
74. Method fof/k of doing something
75. Motive mn~ns’; of an action
76. Match ,d lk@leku for something
77. Need vko’;drk of money
78. Neglect mis{kk of duty
79. Neglect mis{kk in doing something
80. Nomination fu;qfDr to a post
81. Obedience vkKkikyu to one’s husband
82. Opinion fopkj on/about something
83. Order vkns’k for/against doing something
84. Opportunity volj for doing something
85. Obligation vkHkkj to a person
86. Opposition fojks/kh to a person
87. Offence gks tkuk against something
88. Payment Hkqxrku for something
137
89. Precaution cpko against something
90. Preparation rS;kjh for something
91. Progress mUufr in something
92. Proof izek.k of something
93. Power vf/kdkj over a person
94. Proof izek.k against temptation
95. Pride vagdkj in strength
96. Quarrel >xM+k with a person
97. Quarrel fookn between two men
98. Qualification ;ksX;rk for the post
99. Quarrel fdlh ls >xM+k gksuk against a person/a thing
100 Request izkFkZuk for a thing
101 Reward bZuke for a thing
102. Relief vkjke from some trouble
103. Relation laca/k with a person
104. Respect vknj for a person
105. Reason dkj.k for a thing
106. Reason dkj.k against a thing
107. Reply mRrj to a letter
108. Reaction izfrfdz;k to something
109. Search [kkst for/after money
110. Skill fuiq.krk in something
111. Stranger vtuch to a place
112. Surprise vk’p;Z at something
113. Share va’k@fgLlk in the property
114. Suggestion lq>ko for some course of action

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138
 CONJUCTION
5. Otherwise (ojuk] ugh rks)
1. And (vkSj) Ex: -Help me otherwise I will not let you go.
(esjh enn djks ojuk eS rqEgs ugh tkus nqaxk)
Ex: - Come here and help me.
Labour hard, otherwise you will fail.
Subhash and Pankaj have come.

2. Too…….to (bruk fd) 6. As………as (bruk---------ftruk fd)

bldk mi;ksx udkjkRed vFkZ es gksrk gSA Ex: - They are as rich as we are.
Ex: - The day is too hot to go out. (os Hkh brus gh vehj gS ftrus fd geA)
She is too tired to work. You are not as clever as he is.
He is too weak to walk. (rqe brus pkykd ugh gks ftrus fd ogA)
Note: - 1) He is very weak. He is not as intelligent as you are.
2) He cannot walk. Note: - 1) He is not intelligent.
Combine the sentences (1) and (2) by using 2) You are intelligent.
Too…….to. Combine the sentences (1) and (2) by using as.
Ans: - He is too weak to walk. Ans: - He is not as intelligent as you.
(og bruk detksj gS fd py Hkh ugh ldrkA)
7. Or else (ojuk] ugh gks)

3. As well as (vkSj Hkh] lkFk lkFk) Ex: - Go to once, or else you will be later.
Hurry up, or else you will miss the train.
Ex: - a) Ram as well as his father is coming here (tYnh djks] ugh rks xkM+h NqV tk,xhA)
to meet me.
Note: -;gka geus is helping verb dk mi;ksx fd;k g 8. Whether………or (pkgs--------;k)
are dk mi;ksx xyr lkfcr gksxkA
b) He has abused me as well as threatened to Ex: - It makes me no odd whether you help
beat me. me or not.
(eq>s dksbZ QdZ ugh iM+rk pkgs rqe esjh enn djks ;k uk
4. So…….as (bruk fd---------ftruk) djksA)
- I don’t care whether you go or stay.
Ex: - She is not so clever as she behave. (eq>s ijokg ugh pkgs rqe tkvks ;k BgjksA)
He is not so rich as he appears to be.
He is not so intelligent as he pretends 9 9. Therefore,so,hence,consequently(vr%]blfy,)
himself to be.
Note: - 1) He is not very intelligent. Ex: - You are my best friend therefore I always
2) He pretends himself to be. help you.
Combine sentence (1) and (2) by using - Mr. Sath is ill therefore he has not come.
so…….as. - She came late, so she was dispelled from
Ans: - He is not so intelligent as he pretends the clas
himself to be.(lEeqPp;cks/kd) -She is ill today hence she can not attend the
class.

139
 10. As……..so (tSlk---------oSlk gh)
Ex: - Neither Ram nor Shyam there yesterday.
Ex: - As is father, so is the child. - Neither they nor we have to do this.
(tSlk firk] oSlk iq=) - He is neither my friend nor my relative.
- As you sow, so shall you reap.
(tSlk cksvksxs] oSlk ikvksxs) 15. As soon as (T;ksa gh@ tSls gh)
-As you treat, so you will be treated.
Ex: - As soon as he saw me, he started smiling.
-As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran
11. Both….and (nksuks-----vkSj] vkSj Hkh) away.
-As soon as you receive award, we will clap.
Ex: - Both Ram and Sohan were there yesterday.
- Both doctors and engineers are cussing about
the matter. 16. But (fdarq@ ijarq)
Note: - a. Ram was there yesterday Ex: - He is from village but he is very intelligent.
b. Rohan was there yesterday. -We cannot do anything but wait.
Combine the sentence (a) and (b) by using - She likes to watch movie but her husband
conjunction both …. and does not.
Ans: -Both Ram and Rohan were ther yesterday.
17. Not only…….but also (dsoy gh ugh----cfYd)
12. Either …or (;k rksa+--------;k) Ex: -The teacher not only gave me notes but
also helped me in study.
Ex: - Either you or your brother stole my watch. (Vhpj us u dsoy eq>s uksV~l fn, cfYsd esjh i<+kbZ es enn
- Either Ram or Shyam were there yesterday. dhA)
- Either they or we have to do this. - We not only study but also use it.
- He is either my friend or my relative.
Note: - a) Ram was there yesterday. 18. Because (D;ksfd)
b) Rohan was there yesterday
Combine the sentences (a) and (b) by using Ex: -He did not go to school because he is ill.
conjunction Either……….or. (og Ldwy ugh x;k D;ksfd og chekj gSA)
Ans: - Either Ram or Rohan was there yesterday. Note: - 1) She is not attending the call.
2) She is busy.
13. So…….that (bruk---------fd) Combine the sentence (1) and (2) by using because
Ans: - She is not attending call because she is busy.
Ex: -She is so brave that she can go there in night. (og Qksu ugh mBk jgh gS D;ksfd og O;Lr gSA)
- He was so weak that he could not walk.
- He is so intelligent boy that he can 19. . Or(;k]vFkok] o] ugh rks)
Solve any puzzle.
Note: - 1) He is very intelligent. Ex: - Go there or come here.
ogk tkvks ;k ;gk vkvksA)
2) He can solve any puzzle. Combine sentence - Go at once, or you miss the train.
(1) and (2) by using so………that. To be sure, it is Krishna or his younger
Ans: -He is so intelligent that he can solve any Brother that has stolen my pen.
puzzle

14. Neither…….nor (u rks-------u)

140
 20. Where (tgka) 25. As if (ekuks tSl)s
Ex: - I know where you are going.
(eq>s irk gS tgk rqe tk jgs gksaA) Note- bldk mi;ksx dkYifud ckrks ds fy, fd;k
- I know the place where she lives. tkrk
- Stay where you are. gS] vr% as if ds ckn vkus okys sentence es lHkh
subject ds lkFk ‘were’ dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
21. When (tc) Ex: - He behaves so, as if he were a king.
(og ,slk O;ogkj djrk gS ekuks tSls ,d jktk gksA)
Ex: - When I go to there, I will meet her. - He ran as if the devils were after him.
- When the cat is away, the mice play. - He ask me for help as if I were his best
- When you do this, you will come to friend.
know about the fact.

26. Neverthless(rks Hkh] blds ckotqn)

22. Since (pqafd)
Ex: - He was not invited, Neverthless he
Ex - Since you believe so, I don’t.
went to attend the party.
(pqafd vki ,slk ekurs gS] eS ughA)
(og fueaf=r ugh Fkk rks Hkh og ikVhZ
- Since you are busy, I can’t say you
anything. vaVsM djus x;kA)

23.So that(rkfd@fd) 27. Yet (fQj Hkh)

Ex: - I help you so that you may pass. Ex: - She is haughty and foolish, and yet
(eS rqEgkjh enn djrk gqWa rkfd rqe ikl gks tkvksA) people like her.
- We eat so that we may live. (og ft|h vkSj eq[kZ gS] vkSj fQj Hkh
- He told me so that he would go there. yksx mls ialn djrs gSA)

24. Such......that (bruk fd) 28. Not yet (vHkh ugh)

Ex: - She is such a beautiful girl that Ex: - May I go home now? No, not yet.
everybody (D;k eS vc ?kj tk ldrk gwWa? ugh]vHkh ughA)
admires her beauty. - May I call you? No, not yet.
(og bruh lqanj gS fd gj dksbZ mldh lqanjrk dh rkjhQ (D;k eS rqEgsa dkWy dj ldrk gwaW ugh]vHkh ughA)
djr gS - - He is
such a good man that all respect him. 29. However (cgjgky] dqN Hkh gks)
- They are such foolish that they can’t
understand anything. Ex:- You will not pass however hard you
may labour.

141
 INTERJECTION
DEFINATION: - The interjection is always a spoken word that expresses an emotion.
Interjection ds var es sign of exclaimation (!) yxk;k tkrk gS tks sudden
feelings of mind dks n’kkZrk gSA gzn; dh vkdfLed Hkkoukvks dks ge fuEu Interjection ls O;Dr djrs gSA

1) Joy ([kq’kh): - Hurry! Ha! Ha!

Ex: -Hurrah! Our team has won.

Ha! Ha! I have got prize.

2) Sorrow (nq[k): - Alas! Ah! Ha!

Ex: - Alas! She has again failed.

Ah! He has gone from here.

3) Surprise (vk’p;Z): - Oh! , What!

Ex: - Oh! You are here.

What! You did this.

4) Comtempt (?k`.kk): - Fie! , Bosh! , Shame!

Ex: - Fie! You did such thing.

Sham! You lost the match.

5) Greeting (c/kkbZ): - Bravo! , well done!

Ex: - Bravo! You have won the match.

Well done! my boys.
Bravo! Well played my boys.

6) Calling (lackas/ku): - Hello! , Hey!

Ex: - Hello! Who are you?

Hey! What’s your name?
Hello! How are you?

7) Attention (/;ku): - Listen! , Hush! , Shh! , Behold!

Ex: - Listen! I can’t help you.

Shh! don’t make a noise.
Hush! don’t talk here.

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 FORMATION OF THE WORDS

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Beauty beautify beautiful beautifully

Benefit benefit beneficial beneficially
Creation create creative creatively
Decision decide decisive decisively
Difference differentiate different differently
Distraction distract distracted distractedly
Justification justify justiable justifiably
Protection protect protective protectively
Reliability rely relible reliably
Sadness sadden sad sadly
Significance signify significant significantly
Strength strengthen strong strongly
Success succeed successful successfully

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 THE SAME WORD USED AS DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH

S.N. WORD MEANING SENTENCES

1. A (art.) ,d A man is here.

A (pre.) ij He has gone a hunting.

2. Air (n) gok The man gives himself the airs of a rich man.
Air (v) gok es lq[kkuk He airs his clothes.

3. All (n) lkjk My friend was robbed of his all.

All (adj.) laiw.kZ All men should take exercise.
All (adv.) iw.kZr;k A saint lives all alone.
All (pro.) lewpk All of his books are new.

4. Above (adv.) mij God lives above.

Above (adj.) igys dk The above rule is very important.
Above (n) mij All good things come from above.
Above (pre.) vf/kd mapk Aditi stood high above the rest.

4. After (adv.) mijkar Suman will go now, A man will come after.
After (pre.) ihNs ihNs Aditya came after me.
After (conj.) blds ihNs Veena came after Nilu had gone.
After (adj.) ckn dk Sinners reap the consequences in after days.

5. Better (n) vf/kd ;ksX; Every student should respect his betters.
Better (v) lq/kkjuk Better the composition if you can.
Better (adj.) JsIBrj This is a better pen.

6. But (adv.) exj@dsoy He can but go there.

. But (pre.) flok; None but the brave deserve the fair.
. But (conj.) fdUrq@ysfdu Shyama went, but Gauri stayed at home.
. But (n & v) esjs lkeus dksbZ ,rjkt But me no buts.
u j[kks
7. Back (n) ihB There is a bag on his back.
Back (v) lgk;rk nsuk I back this boy.
Back (adj.) fiNyk Students went by the back door.
Back (adv.) ihNs dh vksj Naresh came back from Delhi.

8. Before (pre.) igys I reached Patna before sunset.

Before (adv.) iwoZ He has never seen me before.
. Before (conj.) vkxs See me before you go to college.

144
 9. Black (n) dkfyek Let us have agreement in black and white.
. Black (v) dkyk djuk Mohan blackened his face.
. Black (adj.) dkyk I have got a black shirt.

10. Bank (n) rV@fdukjk A river flows between its banks.

Bank (v) fuHkZj djuk I am banking on your help.
Bank (n) cSad He is going to Bank.

11. Close (n) ?ksjk@var The chapter comes to a close.

Close (v) can djuk A teacher closes his door against students.
. Close (adj.) ?kfuIB Vijay and Raman are close friends.
. Close (adv.) ikl ikl The boat kept close to the bank.

12. Cut (n) vkd`fr The cut of her face is beautiful.

Cut (v) dkVuk Cut your coat according to your cloth.

13. Down (n) rdnhj dk mYkV Qsj Every man has his ups and downs.
. Down (v) iVd nsuk India downed Pakistan in the end.
. Down (adv.) uhps Aditya went down.
. Down (adj.) dsUnz dks vkus okyh okyh Vz~su He came by the down train.
Down (pre.) fuEu Hkkx esa He fell down the tree.

14. Date (n) rkfj[k@fnukad On what date he will go home.

Date (v) rkfj[k fy[kuk Never forget to date your letters.
Date (n) [ktwj I am eating Date.

15. Else (adj.) dqN I have nothing else to say.

Else (adv.) vU; He cannot go anywhere else.
Else (conj.) ugh rks Do this else you shall be punished.

16. Enough (n) i;kZIr ek=k He has done enough.

Enough (adj.) dkQh Sohan has enough money to buy a house.
Enough (adv.) i;kZIr ek=k esa Many students are not well enough to read.

17. Either (adj.) nks es ls izR;sd There are trees on either side of river.
Either (pro.) dksbZ ,d Either of them may take it.

18. Early (adj.) czeosyk Early rising is very good.

Early (adv.) losjs Why does she go to college so early?

19. Face (n) psgjk He has a good face.

Face (v) MV dj lkeuk djuk India faces many problems.
Face (adj.) eq[k okyk Modern girls use face powder.

145
20. For (adv.) fy, The boy has been sent for.
For (pre.) fy, I have sent for you.
For (conj.) fy, I worked for I was well.

21. Half (n) v/kZHkkx Half of the time is over.

Half (adj) vk/kk Half truths are worse than lie.
Half (adv.) v’kkar He was half dead with fatigue.

22. Home (n) vkokl My home is at muzaffarpur.

Home (v) ?kj vkuk Many birds home before it is dark.
Home (adj.) ?kj dh vksj She is going home.

23. Iron(n) yksgk Iron is heavy.

Iron (v) bLrjh djuk I iron my shirt.
Iron (adj.) ykSg fufeZr Iron posts are very strong.

24. Less (n) de pht He is satisfied with the less.

Less (adj.) de An idle man does less work.
Less (adv.) FkksM+k He works less than you.
Less (pre.) U;wu He paid me the price less the usual discount.

25. Like (n) ialn Everyone has his likes and dislikes.
Like (v) ialn djuk Boys like to play.
Like (pre.) tSlk I can’t make one like that.
Like(adj.) leku We are men of like tastes.

26. Little (n) FkksM+k You have done little for the country.
Little (adj.) de Very little progress has been made.
Little (adv.) de He thinks very little of me.

27. Last (adj.) vafre He was the last speaker.

Last (adv.) varr% I saw her last at Deoghar.
Last (n) fgEer He fought to the last.
Last (v) fVdkm gksuk The shirt will not last long.

28. Late (adv.) nsj ls you have come late.

Late (n) vktdy He takes no interest of late.
Late (adj.) foyafcr The bus is late today.

29. More (adj.) vf/kd Everyone wants more money.

More (adv.) fQj He must work more.
More (n) vkf/kD; More is necessary for success.
More (pro.) vfrfjDr He will explain more of it afterwards.

146
 30. Much (adj.) cgqr He took much trouble for ram.
Much (adv.) vfr’k; :Ik ls You feel much better today.
Much (pro.) vko’;drk ls vf/kd Too much of everything is bad.

31. Next (n) vxyk vad To be continued in our next.

Next (adv.) mlds ckn Who comes next?
Next (adj.) vxyk Next moment he went mad.
32. Near (adj.) ?kfuIB @ikl He is near relation of mine.
Near (adv.) ikl Come near.
Near (v) lehi vkuk We are nearing the station.

33. Neither (pro.) nksuks es ls dksbZ ugh Neither of the boys was good.
Neither (adj.) ,d Hkh ugha Neither party could win the game.
Neither (conj.) u rks Neither Ram and Shyam came here.

34. Once (adv.) ,d le; Once upon a time there was a king.
Once (conj.) ,d ckj Let him attempt, once he fails.
Once (n) igyh ckj Once is not enough for him.

35. Past (n) vrhr dky India has glorious past.

Past (adj.) fiNyk@foxr The past time will never return.
Past (adv.) lkeus ls@vkxs ls A false report rides past.
Past (Pre.) ckn esa We started at half past seven.

36. Present (n) migkj He gave me a good present.

. Present (v) le{k gksuk Present yourself before the court.
. Present (adj.) orZeku The present condition is not good.

.37 Pass(n) izos’k i= Give me a pass.

. Pass (v) vkxs c<+uk She passed her childhood.
. Pass (adj.) lQyrk ;ksX; He obtained only pass marks.

.38 Round (adj.) o`Rrkdkj The round table.

. Round (adv.) pkjks vksj I turned round and found him.
. Round (pre.) pkjks vksj The earth moves round the sun.
. Round (n) pDdj He did his daily of duties.
. Round (v) ifjHkze.k We wounded the temple.

. 39 Right (n) vf/kdkj You have no right to do it.

. Right (v) lq/kkjuk His wrongs were righted.
. Right (adv.) Bhd Things done in haste are never done right.
. Right (adj.) ;FkkFkZ Always use the right word.

. 40 Since (pre.) mijkar I have not seen him since last month.

147
. Since (adv.) rc ls vc rd No one has seen him since.
. Since (conj.) tcls rcls Five years have passed since he went to delhi.

.41 Still (adj.) xfrghu Still waters run deep.

. Still (adv.) vHkh rd Hkh He still reads.
. Still (n) ’kkafr In the still of night he went out.
. Still(v) ’kkafr djuk His voice is stilled in death.

.42 Some (adj.) dqN Some men are very wise.

. Some (adv.) dksbZ Some fifty men were present there.
. Some (pro.) dksbZ O;fDr Some say that he is an honest man.

.43 That (adj.) ,slk That pen is mine.

. That (pro.) og He man cry, but that will not frighten me.
. That (adv.) bruk That much he has done.
. That (conj.) rkfd Tell me that Suman will come.

. 44 Till (pre.) rd You must wait here till 5 o’clock.

. Till (conj.) tc rd dh You must wait here till I come back.
. Till (v) tksruk Rajendra tills the soil.

. 45 Tender (adj.) dksey We should tender towards the poor.

. Tender (v) is’k djuk Tender my compliments to your parents.
. Tender (n) fufonk My tender for the work has been accepted.

.46 Time (n) le; Your watch keeps good time.

. Time (v) le; fuf’pr djuk The train is timed to arrive at 6 p.m.

.47 Why (adv.) D;ksa Why do you laugh?

. Why (n) dkj.k Tell me the why and wherefore of it.

. 48 While (n) le; He kept silence for a while.

. While (v) le; [kksuk Students should not while away their time.
. While (adv.) tc He was murdered while asleep.
. While (conj.) tcfd Make hay while the sun shines.

.49 Water (n) ikuh Drink cold water.

. Water (v) lhapuk Veena waters the plants.

. 50 Wrong (n) Hkwy He has done you no wrong.

. Wrong (v) cwjk djuk You should not wrong your friend
. Wrong (adj.) voS/k He gave a wrong statement.

.
148
 51 Worth (n) nke What is the worth of this book?
. Worth (v) ?kfVr gksuk An accident worth everyday in the morning.
. Worth (adj.) ds ;ksX; The old cycle is not worth than Rs. 250.

52. Wind (n) gok The wind blows.

Wind (v) gok nsuk He winds his watch.

53. Yet (conj.) rFkkfi He is rich, yet he does enjoy a play.

Yet (adv.) bl ij Hkh He may yet do this.

9 success lessons from Mukesh Ambani

1. Build a team
2. Have a dream
3. Trust your gut feeling
4. Be hungry, be impatient
5. Don’t panic, stay strong
6. Keep your eyes wide open
7. Risks give greatest lessons
8. Trust all, but depend on none
9. Let your work speak for itself

149
 ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB
[Circle the adjective or adverb to complete each sentences]

Ex: - My friend is a driver. [careful/carefully]

1. My classmate is a person. [nice/nicely]

2. I can speak Spanish very . [Good/well]

3. Katrina took a painting class, so she can paint pictures. [beautiful/beautifully]

4. Mr. Smith looked at me when I arrived late. [angry/angrily]

5. Of course, I was when I got an A+ on the exam. [happy/happily]

6. The music is too . Please turn it down! [loud/loudly]

7. My friends all tell me that I sing . [bad/badly]

8. The thief took the money and walked out the door. [quiet/quietly]

9. The cat waited for the mouse to come out of the hole. [silent/silently]

10. My cousin always walks very . [quick/quickly]

11. The work that my boss gave me was . [easy/easily]

12. Thomas is very .He always helps me. [kind/kindly]

13. The little boy kept the cookies for himself. [selfish/selfishly]

14. The man opened the door and looked inside. [nervous/nervously]

15. The fireman rescued the people from the burning house. [brave/bravely]

16. I offered to help my friend study for his exam. [happy/happily]

17. She is the most person I know. [polite/politely]

18. It was midnight, and I heard a noise outside. [strange/strangely]

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 PROVERB
1.Good mind, good find. 15. Tit for tat.
vki Hkyk rks tx HkykA tSlk dks rSlkA
2.Penny wise, pound foolish 16. Like father, like son.
v'kQhZ dh ywV dks;ys ij NkiA tSlk cki] oSlk csVkA
3. Many men, many minds. 17. All is well that ends well.
viuh MQyh] viuk jkxA var Hkyk rks lc HkykA
4. Prevention is better than cure. 18. To add insult to injury.
vxzlksph lnk lq[khA tys ij ued fNM+dukA

5. Excess of everything is bad. 19. As you sow, so you reap.

vfr loZ= otZ;srA tSlh djuh] oSlh HkjuhA

6. A figure among ciphers. 20. Little learning is dangerous thing.

va/kks es dkuk jktkA uhe gfde [krjs tkuA

7. Blood is thicker than water. 21. Might is right.

ftldh ykBh mldh HkSl
a A
viuk lks viukA
22. To kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.
8. Great cry little wool.
ftl Fkkyh es [kkuk mlh es Nsn djukA
maph nqdku] Qhds idokuA
23. An empty vessel sounds much.
9. To kill two birds with one stone.
v/kty xxjh Nydr tk,A
,d iaFk] nks dktA
24. Man proposes, god disposes.
10. Rome was not built in a day.
Rksjs eu es dqN vksj gS vkSj nkrk ds dqN vkSjA
dkjt /khjs gksr gS]dkgs gksr v/khjA
25. Truth fears no test.
11. One nail drives out another. Lkakp dks vkap ughA
dkaVk gh dkVk fudkyrk gSA 26. Oil and truth must come out.
12. Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. nw/k dk nw/k] ikuh dk ikuhA
dksBh okys jksos] NIij okys lksosA 27. Haste makes waste.
13. Handsome is that handsome does. tYnh dk dke ’kSrku dkA
dke I;kjk gS] pke I;kjk ughA 28. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
14. Much ado about nothing. <+sj ;ksxh eB mtkM+A
[kksnk igkM+] fudyh pwfg;kA 29. Let by gone be by gone.
chfr rkgh fclkjh;sA

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30 There is a fly in the ointment. mins'k ls mnkgj.k vPNk gSA
nky es dkykA 46. All that glitters is not gold.
31. Adversity flatters no man. gkFkh ds nkar [kkus ds vkSj fn[kkus ds vkSjA
foifRr dk lkFkh dksbZ ughA 47. An idle mind is the devil’s workshop.
32. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. [kkyh fnekx ’kSrku dk vM~MkA
ukS udn u rsjg m/kkjA
48. Nearer the church farther from heaven.
33. A drowning man catches a straw.
fpjkx rys va/ksjkA
Mqcrs dks fruds dk lgkjkA
49. Barking dogs seldom bite.
34. Do well and forget.
xjts lks cjls ughA
usdh dj nfj;k es MkyA
50. A blind man is no judge of colour.
35. Cut your coat according to your cloth.
canj D;k tkus vnjd dk LoknA
rsrs ikao ilkfj;s tsrh yach lkSjA
51. Time and tide wait for no man.
36. Make hay while the sun shines
Xk;k oDr gkFk ugh vkrkA
cgrh xaxk es gkFk /kksukA
52. A fox is not taken twice in the same snare.
37. Better today than tomorrow.
vDyean nksckjk ,d gh tky es ugh QalrkA
dky djs lks vkt djA
53. Let the past bury its dead.
38. Look before you leap.
fcuk fopkjs tks djs lks ihNs iNrk;A x<+s eqnsZ u m[kkMk+sA

39. Death keeps no calendar. 54. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

Ek`R;q dk le; fuf’pr ugh gSA fe= ogh tks foifr es dke vk,A
40. No vice like avarice. 55. Familiarity breeds contempt.

ykyp cqjh cykA ?kj dh ewxhZ nky cjkcjA

41. Every man is the architect of his future. 56. A nine day’s wonder.

izR;sd euqI; vius HkkX; dk fo/kkrk Lo;a gSA pkj fnu dh pkanuh fQj va/ksjh jkrA
42. An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. 57. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.

’kB ’kkB~;a lekpjsr~A pys u tkos vaxuos Vs<+sA

43. Honesty is the best policy. 59. A stitch in the time saves nine.

bZekunkjh loksZre uhfr gSA le; ij ,d dk Vdk ukS dk dke nsrk gSA
44. Silence is good. 60. Birds of the same feather flock together.

lcls Hkyk pqiA pksj pksj ekSlsjs HkkbZA

45. Example is better than precept. 61. A bad name is worse than bad deeds.

152
cn vPNk cnuke cqjkA gj jkst bZn ugh gksrhA
62. I’ll get, I’ll spent. 77. A burnt child dreads the fire.

Pkskjh dk eky eksjh esA nw/k dk tyk NkN Hkh Qqad Qqad dj ihrk gSA
63. A closed mouth catches no files. 78. Coming event cast their shadow before.

fcuk jks, eka Hkh nw/k ugh nsrhA gksugkj fcjoku ds fpdus fpdus ikrA
64. Beauty has wings. 79. A drop in ocean.

pkj fnu dh pkanuh fQj va/ksjh jkrA maV ds eqg es thjkA

65. A wolf in sheep’s clothing. 80. Dead man tell no tales.

eq[k es jke cxy es NqjhA eqnsZ ckr ugh djrsA

66. Small wits great beast. 81. Death keeps no calendar.

NksVk eq[k cM+h ckrA ekSr vkSj xzkgd dk le; ughA

67. A guilty conscience needs no accuser. 81. Diamond cut diamond.

pksj dh nk<+h es frudkA yksgk yksgs dks dkVrk gSA

68. Where there is a will, there is a hope. 82. Do as you would be done by.
tgka pkg ogk jkgA tSlk vius lkFk pkgks]oSlk nqljks ds lkFk djksaA
83. Do not keep a dog and bark yourself.
69 All is fair in love and war.

I;kj vkSj yM+kbZ es lc dqN tk;t gSA ukSdj j[kdj [kqn >kMw nsukA
70. An empty brain is a devil’s work shop. 84. Do not put off till tomorrow what you can.
[kkyh fnekx ’kSrku dk vM~MkA vkt dk dke dy ij er NksM+ksA
71. Better an empty house, than a bad tenant. 85. Dry bread at home is better than roast meat
cwjs fdjk,nkj ls ?kj [kkyh j[kuk vPNkA bread.
72. Anger is blind. ckgj dh fpduh pqiM+h ls ?kj dh :[kh lq[kh
Dkzs/k es euqI; va/kk gksrk gSA vPNhA
73. Bullies are generally cowards. 86. Every dark cloud has a silver lining.
’ks[khckt dk;j gksrs gSaA cqjs fnuks ds i'pkr~ vPNs fnu vo’; vkrs gSA
74. Child is the father of man. 87. Every day is not Sunday.
csVk cki ls cM+kA+ gj fnu fnokyh ugh gksrhA
75. By trying the Greeks got into troy. 88. Every man is the architect of his own fate.
fgEer djs balku rks D;k ugh gks ldrkaaA fdLer vius cuk, curh gSA
76. Christmas comes but once a year. 89. Too much familiarity breeds contempt.

153
dnj [kks nsrk gS jkst dk vkuk tkukA 101. Jack of all trades, master of none.

88. Fine feathers make fine birds. gjQu ekSyk] gjQu v/kqjkA
vPNs fyckl ls vkneh vPNk yxrk gSA 102. Judge a tree by its fruit, not by leaves.

89. Frailty, the name is woman. o`+{k dh [kqch Qy es gS] iRrks dh lqanjrk es ughA
detksjh L=h dk nqljk uke gSA 103. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.

90. Fury and anger carry the mind. ns[kks lc dqN] dgks FkksM+k cgqrA
Dzks/k es euqI; dks gks’k ugh jgrkA 104. Kill the snake as well as save the stick.

91. God’s mill grinds slow but sure. lkai Hkh ej tk, vkSj ykBh Hkh u VqVsA
nsj gS exj va/ksj ughA 105. Look before you leap.

92. Great boast small roast. Qaqd Qqad dj ix /kjukA

maph nqdku Qhds idokuA 106. Lost time is never found again.

93. To make a mountain of a mole hill. x;k le; fQj gkFk ugh vkrkA
jkbZ dk igkM+ cukukA 107. Mad people think others mad.

94. If you desire peace be prepared for war. nhokus dks lHkh nhokus utj vkrs gSA
;fn ’kkafr pkgrs gks rks ;q dk izac/k djksA 108. Many kiss the child for the nurse’s sake.

95. In excess nectar poisons. eka ls I;kj cPps dk cgkukA

gn ls T;knk ve`r Hkh tgjA 109. Men rule the world; women rule men.

96. In for a penny. In for a pound. enZ nqfu;k ij gqdqer djrs gS vkSj vkSjr enksZ ijA
tgka lkS ogk lok lkSA 110. Modest dogs miss much meat.

97. It is fully to live in Rome and fight with ftlus dh ’kje]mlds QqVs djeA
pope. 111. A wolf in sheep’s clothing or mouth of
ikuh es jguk vkSj exjePN ls cSjA money, heart of gall.

98. It is never too late to mend. eqag es jke] cxy es NqjhA

losjs dk Hkqyk ’kke dks ?kj vk tk, rks mls Hkqyk 112. Necessity is the mother of invention.

u tkfu,A vko';drk vfoIdkj dh tuuh gSA

99. It takes two to make a quarrel. 113. Never a rose without a thorn.

,d gkFk ls rkyh ugh ctrhA Qqy ds lkFk dkaVs Hkh t:jh gSA
100. It’s casting pearls before swine. 114. No man can serve two masters.

HkSal ds vkxs chu ctkuk] va/ks ds vkxs jks, /kksch dk dqRrk u ?kj dk u ?kkV dkA
viuk uSu [kks,A 115. No pains, no gains.

154
lsok fcuk lsok dgkaA 129. Self preservation is nature’s first law.

116. Nothing succeeds like success. igys vki ihNs ckiA

pyrh dk uke xkM+hA 130. Sinning all the six days in the week but going

117. Nobody cries, ‘stinking fish’. to church on Sunday.

viuh ngh dks dksbZ [kV~Vk ugh dgrkA ukS lkS pqgs [kkdj fcYyh gt dks pyhA
118. One bad fish spoils the whole water. 131. Stolen apples taste sweet.

,d eNyh lkjs rkykc dks xank dj nsrh gSaA pksjh ds csj ehBsA
119. One lie draws ten after it. 132. Strike while the iron is hot.

,d >qB ds gtkj >qB gksrs gSA ekSds dks gkFk ls u tkus nksA
120. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. 133. Sweep under your own mats.

tks pht ,d ds fy, vPNh gksrh gS ogh nqljh ds igys vius fxjscku es >kad dj ns[kksA
fy, cqjhA 134. Slow and steady wins the race.

121. Only the wearer knows where the shoe pinches. lgt ids lks ehBk gks;A
ftl ij iM+s ogh tkusA 135. Time is a great healer.

122. Out of the frying pan into the fire. oDr lc t[eks dk ejge gSA
vkleku ls fxjk] [ktwj ij vVdkA 136. Truth fears no examination.

123. Pay well when are served well. lkap dks vkap ughA
tSlk dke] oSlk dkeA 137. The face is index of the mind.

124. Reason governs the wise man and cudgels psgjk eu dk niZ.k gSZA
the fool.
vDyean vDy ls vkSj ew[kZ ykBh ls pyrk gSA 138. The cock is at his best on his own dung hill.

viuh xyh es dqRrk Hkh ’ksj gksrk gSA

125. Religion is a stalking horse to shoot other’s
139. The fire proves gold, adversity brave man.
fowl.
vkx lksus dh dlkSVh gS] eqlhcr cgknqjks dhA
etgc ,d cgkuk gS ftldh vkM+ es f’kdkj [ksyk
140. The last straw breaks the camel’s back.
tkrk gSA
vkf[kj tqYe dh Hkh gn gksrh gSA
126. Riches have wings.
141. The key in use is always bright.
Yk{eh papyk gksrh gSaA
pyrs iqtsZ dks tax ugh yxrkA
127. Save something against a rainy day.
142. The stars govern men, but god governs stars.
vkM+s oDr ds fy, dqN cpkdj j[kksA
fdLer dh gqdqer ge ij vkSj bZ’oj dh fdLer ijA
128. Self praise is no recommendation.vius eqag
fe;k feV~BqA 143. There is a black sheep in every fold.

155
Cwkjs lc txg gksrs gSA 151. Avarice is the root of all evils.

144. To build castles in the air. ykyp cqjh cyk gSA

[;kyh iqyko cukukA 152. Beggars and borrowers could not be choosers.

145. To lead a cat and dog’s life. nku dh cfN;k ds nkar ugh ns[ks tkrsA
>xM+s Qlkn dh ftanxh xqtj clj djukA 153. Do evil and look for like.

146. To plough the sands and sow the waves. dj cqjk rks gks cqjkA
jsfxLrku es gy pykukA 154. Every potter praises his pot.

147. Virtue is its own reward. vius ngh dks lc ehBk dgrs gSA
usdh viuk flyk vki gSA 155. Everything looks pale to a jaundice eye.

148. Wash your dirty lines at home. lkou ds va/ks dks gjk gh gjk fn[krk gSA
?kj dk Hksn ckgj ugh crkuk pkfg,A 156. Fortune favors the brave.

149. A rotten apple injures its companions. cgknqjks dk lkFk HkkX; nsrk gSA
,d eNyh lkjs rkykc dks xank dj nsrh gSaA 157. Gather thistles and expect pickles.

150. As the king so are the subjects. Ckksos isM+ ccqy dk vke dgk ls [kk,A
tSlk jktk] oSlh iztkA

156
 SYNONYMS
1. Abandon ( R;kxuk give up, leave, forsake. 36. Brilliant(pednkj) expert, famous, skilful
2. Affectionate ( Lusgh ) devated, friendly, kind. 37. Borrow (_.k ysuk) adopt, imitate, take, use
3. Abbreviate (laf{kIr djuk) abridge, condense. 38. Buoyant (izlUu) bright, cheerful, happy
4. Abdicate (in R;kxuk) quit, abandon, 39. Boycott ( cfgIdkj djuk) exclude,
5. Aggravate (mRrsftr djuk) irritate, annoy ignore,refuse
6. Ability (;ksX;rk ) competence, capability. 40. Brittle (lgt VwVus ;ksX;) not tough, fragile
7. Alliance (laf/k@le>kSrk) compact, reaty, 41. Cajole (/kks[kk nsuk) coax, flatter, mislead
8. Abnormal(vlk/kkj.k) anomalous, peculiar. 42. Catalogue (lwph i=) list, record, register
9. Almighty loZ’kfDreku) great, omnipotent. 43. Calamity (nq%[k) adversity, disaster
10. Absence (vuqifLFkfr)dearth, deficiency. 44. Cautious (lko/kku) alert, careful, vigilant
11. Although (;|fi@;fn ,slkgks) even if, even 45. Calm ( ’kkafr ) quiet, mild, peaceful
12. Absolute ( iq.kZ@’kq) ) complete, exact, genuine 46. Celebrate (iz’kalk djuk)commend, glorify,extol
13. Always ( ges’kk) ever, evermore,forever. 47. Camouflage (Ny ) blind, cloak, disguise
14. Abstain (cps@i`Fkd jguk)avoid, decline, 48. Cemetery (’e’kku ) churchyard,graveyard
refrain. 49. Community (leqnk; ) society, association
15. Access (lehi es igqp) admission, admittance 50. Colleague (lkFkh) ally, helper, partner
16. Abundant (izpqj@vf/kd) plentiful, full, 51. Comfortable (lq[knk;h) enjoyable, pleasant
bountiful. 52. Conceal (fNikuk) bury, hide, obscure
17. Accuse (Lohd`fr nsuk) blame, charge, 53. Command (vkKk nsuk) charge, compel,govern
attribute. 54. Condemn (fuUnk djuk) blame, convict,
18. Accelerate (tYnh djuk) advance, expedite, 55. Compare (rqyuk djuk) contrast, parallel, match
hurry 56. Compile (laxzg djuk arrange, gather, organize
19. Accord (nksih Bgjkuk) agree,allow,confer, 57. Congratulation(c/kkbZ)compliment,good wishes
grant 58. Complicated(tfVy) complex, difficult,
20. Accent (ncko@tksj) emphasis, stress, pitch. 59. Controversy (fookn) debate, dispute,quarrel
21. Bandit (Mkdw )hijacker, robber, thief 60. Dangerous ( [krjukd) hazardous, perilous,
22. Barren ( catj) desert, fruitless, dry 61. Depreciate (nke de gksuk) decrease, reduce
23. Benevolence(n; )goodness, sympathy 62. Dearth (vdky ) absence, shortage, poverty
24. Bankrupt (fnokfy;k) spent, begger,broke 63. Descend (uhps vkuk) dismount, deteriorate
25. Basics ( vk/kkj) essential, necessaries 64. Dedication (leiZ.k ) devotion, loyalty, faithful
26. Betray (fo’okl?kkr djuk) abandon, 65. Despair (fujk’kk gksuk) collapse, give up, surrender
forsake,expose 66. Delightful (vkuanizn) enjoyable, fascinating,
27. Barbarian ( vlH; ) boor, illiterate,savage 67. Destroy (uIV djuk demolish,devastate,
28. Battalion (lSU;ny) army, brigade, company 68. Democracy(iztkra=) republic, self government
29. Bigot (dV~Vj)racist,religionist, sexist 69. Device (lk/ku) apparatus, tool, appliance
30. Before (igys ) ahead, earlier, sooner 70. Diplomat (jktuhfrd dq’ky) go between, mediator
31. Biography (thou dFkk) history, curriculum 71. Devil (nqIV euqI;) demon, fiend, imp
32. Behavior (O;ogkj) conduct, dealing, habit, 72. Disgraceful (viekudkjd) dishonorable, dreadful
33. Bishop (cM+k iknjh) archbishop, metropolitan 73. Diagnose (y{k.k ns[kdj analysis, determine,
34. Brave (ohj) bold, heroic, valiant 74. jksx dk fu.kZ; djuk)
35. Blasphemous( ik[kaMh) impious, profane, 75. Dismay (grk’k djuk) depress, disappoint,terrify
godless 76. Difficult (dfBu )complicate, hard, uphill,

157
77. Diversity (fHkUurk) diffirence, variety, range 109. Fragment (VqdM+k ) piece,part, particle
78. Earthquake (HkqdEi) quake, shake, earth 110. Fore father (iwoZt) ancestor, procreator
79. Embarrass (O;kdqydjuk) distress, fluster, 111. Frightful (Hka;dj ) dreadful, fearful, horrible
112. Foreigner (fons’kh ) alien, new, comer, stranger
80. Economical (vYiO;;laca/kh) frugal, thrifty,
113. Fulfil (fuHkkuk) accomplish, achieve, execute
81. Efficient (dk;Z{ke) capable ,competent
114. Forever(lnk ds fy,)always, evermore, for
82. Emigration(ijns’kxeu) departure ,journey,
all time
83. Eligible (mi;qDr) fit,proper,worthy,qualified
115. Funeral (vaR;sfIV) burial, interment
84. Eminent( JsIB) famous, prominent,important
116. Fragile (Hkaxqj) brittle, breakable,dainty
85. Emancipate(eqDrdjuk) deliver ,discharge
117. Gain (ykHk djuk) advance,increase,obtain
86. Enormous (cgqr cM+k) gigantic ,huge
118. Glamorous(tknwiw.kZ) attractive,charming,
,immense
lovely
87. Excellence ( fof’kIVrk) goodness,greatness,
119. Gather (laxzg djuk) accumulate, assemble,
purify
heap
88. Enthusiast (mRlkgh) devotee,follower,lover,
120. Glorious (rstLoh) brilliant, delightful,
89. Excess (vf/kdrk) leftover,surplus,remainder
121. General lkekU; )common,universal, normal
90. Eruption (foLQksV) explosion ,inflammation
122. Grateful (d`rK) obliged,obligated, sensible
91. ExcusenksieqDrdjuk)pologise,defend,forgive
123. Genial (n;kyq) friendly,glad, happy,kind
92. Exaggerate (c<+kuk) amplify, magnify,
124. Grumble (xqjkZuk) growl, murmur,mutter
enlarge
125. Genuine (;FkkFkZ) actual, authentic,natura
93. Exhale (lklfudkyuk)emit,expel, expire,d
126. Gunman (ywVsjk) bandit, terrorist, killer
ischarge
127. Habitat (okl LFkku) environment, territory
94. Exterior (ckgjh Hkkx) outside, overing, surface.
128. Hazardous(ladVe;)dangerous,difficult, risk
95. Experienced (vuqHkoh)competent, expert,
129. Handicap (vlqfo/kk) barrier,block, obstacle
skilful
130. Hermit (riLoh) ascetic ,monk ,solitariness
96. Extrovert (cfgZeq[kh) amiable, hearty, social
131. Handicraft (f’kYi) craft,workman, skill,
97. Extremist (vkardoknh) militant, terrorist,
132. Heroic (ijkdze;qDr)bold, brave,lion hearted
radical
98. Fabulous (dkYifud) amazing, incredible, 133. Handsome (lqUnj) attractive, graceful ,
immense 134. Hijack (vigj.k djuk kidnap,seize, snatch
99. Fertile (mitkm)abundant,lentiful,fruitful 135. Haughty (vagdkjh ) arrogant, lofty,proud
100. Failure (vlQyrk ) break down, downfall, 136. History (bfrgkl)annals, chronicle, antiquity
ruin 137. Homage (iwtk) worship,reverence, loyalty
101. Festive (vkuafnr) cordial, gala, gleeful, jovial 138. Honorary(voSrfud) no minal, unpaid,
102. .Familiar ifjfpr) friendly, well known,
139. Humanity (ekuork) humankind, mankind
ordinary
103. Flammable (Toyu’khy combustible, 140. Hungry (Hkw[kk) desirous, eager, greedy
inflammable 141. Husbandry (fdlkuh) agriculture, cultivation
104. Fascination (vkdZi.k) attraction, charm, 142. Hysteria (cngks’kh) madness, neurosis, panic
glamour 143. Ignorance(vKkurk) blindness, innocence
105. Flock(leqg) bunch, crowd,group,herd
144. Illegal (voS/k)banned, prohibited, unlawful
106. Fathom (le>uk)
145. Impolite (vf’kIV)coarse, rough, rude,
comprehend,penetrate,work out,
107. Flourish (lQy gksuk) bloom,develop, 146. Illuminan (lqlfTtr djuk) brighten, lighten,
prosper, 147. Incident (?kVuk) event, instance, occurrence
108. Follower (vuq;k;h) devote,disciple, 148. Immediate (rqajr) instance, recent, urgent
pupil,supporter

158
149. Individual (O;fDr)body, fellow, party person 185. Memorial (Lekjd) momento, monument
150. Immense (cgqr cM+k)enormous, gigantic, great 186. Minimum (U;wure bottom, least, lowest
151. Innocence (funksZi)honesty ,ignorance 187. Merchant (O;kikjh) broker, dealer,
152. Invasion (vkdze.k) attack, raid, seizure vendor,trader
153. Isolated (i`Fkd) deserted,lonely, remote 188. Modest (fouhr) bashful, humble, quiet
154. Internal (vkarfjd) domestic, inner, inside 189. Militant (;q))aggressive, fighting, vigorous
155. Jealous (bZI;kyw ) envious, rival,suspicious 190. Momentary({kf.kd) temporary, transient,
156. Journey (;k=k) voyage, trip, tour, travel 191. Mountain (ioZr) mount, peak, height
157. Junction (feyus dk LFkku)joint, meeting point, 192. Momentum (osx )power, strength, energy
158. Judicious( U;k;;qDr) ) careful, prudent, 193. Musician (laxhrK)player, singer, vocalist
159. Justify (U;k; djuk),forgive, pardon, support 194. Mournful (’kksd)depressed, painful, tragic
160. Justice (U;k;) legitimacy, law, fairness 195. Mythical (dkYifud) imaginary,
161. Juvenile (r:.k) adolescent, minor, youth fabled,fairytale
162. Keep(vf/kdkjj[kuk) possess, restrain, retain, 196. Narrow (ladqfpr) limited, restricted, marginal
163. Kill (gR;k djuk) butcher, destroy slay, 197. Notorious(dq[;kr) infamous,
164. Kind (n;kyq) affectionate, benevolent, flagrant,undispute
165. Knock([kV[kVkuk) blow, hit, strike 198. Naughty( uV[kV)playful, disobedient,roguish
166. Knowledge(Kku) information, perception, 199. Nourish (ikyu iksi.k) cherish, comfort,
167. Known(ifjfpr) obvious, popular, famous, cultivate
200. Necessary(vko’;d) essential, needful, obligatory
168. Laborious (ifjJeh industrious, labored, uphill
201. Nuisance (ck/kk) irritation, offence, pain,
169. Leisure (vodk’k) holiday, spare, vacation
202. Nightmare (cqjk liuk) bad dream, horror, trial
170. Landlord (tehnkj) owner, proprietor, host
203. Nutritious (ikSfIVd) healthful, beneficial,
171. Lethal (izk.k?kkrd) fatal, noxious, poisonous
204. Nonviolent ('kkafr) pacifist, peaceful
172. Laughter(gWlkusokykO;fDr)amusement,
laughing, 205. Noxious (gkfudkjd)baneful,corrupting,harmful
173. Literal (ewykFkZd)factual, exact, plain, simple 206. Oblivious (HkqyDdM+)careless,forgetful,
ignorant
174. Lover (L=h dk izseh) boyfriend,
207. Opponent (’k=q) challenger, enemy, foe
sweetheart,admirer
208. Obnoxious(?k`f.kr) abominable, odious,
175. Loathsome(?k`f.kr) hateful,horrible,
209. Orator (oDrk) lecturer, preacher, speaker
nasty,odious
210. Obvious (LiIV)clear, transparent, distinct
176. Lubricate (fpduk djuk) grease,oil,
211. Optional(oSdfYid)extra, voluntary, possible
smear,wax
212. On looker(+n’kZd)observer, watcher, witness
177. Luxury (foykl) bliss, comfort, pleasure,
213. Overcome(thruk) defeat, overthrow, triumph
178. Malevolent(nzksgh) hostile,vindictive, vicious
214. Opaque (vikj’kZd)cloudy, obscure, unclear,
179. Marriage (fookg) matrimony, nuptials,
215. Owner (Lokeh)lord, master, proprietor
wedding
216. Paradox (vlR;kHkkl) ambiguity,puzzle, riddle
180. Malnutrition (vi;kZIr iksi.k) hunger,
217. Prediction (HkfoI;ok.kh) forecast, prognosis,
starvation
181. Match ( leku xq.k okyk O;fDr) game, test, 218. Particular (fof’kIV) peculiar, special, specific
trial, 219. Presence (mifLFkfr) attendance
182. Meager ( FkksM+k) deficient, littlee, scanty 220. Passionate (dzks/kh)emotional, sexy, eager
183. Maximum (vf/kdre) supreme, utmost,most, 221. Previous (iwoZ )earlier, former, prior
184. Melancholy (mnkl) miserable, mournful 222. Peasant (nsgkrh) boor, country man

159
223. Programme (dk;Zdze)agenda, syllabus, 225. Prosperous (lQy) successful, rich, lucky
224. Pedestrian (iSny pyus okyk) foot traveller, 226. Piligrimage (rhFkZ;k=k) tour, trip, journey

ANTONYMS
1. Accept Lohdkj djuk reject 40. Battle laxzke peace
2. Abundance vkf/kD; dearth 41. Callous dBksj kind
3. Absolute iw.kZ limited 42. Carefree fparktud worried
4. Admire iz’kalk djuk despise 43. Callow vuqHko ’kwU; experienced
5. Alive thfor dead 44. Catch idM+uk drop
6. Ancient izkphu modern 45. Calm ’kkar djuk stormy
7. Abstain vyx djuk pursue 46. Catholic lkoZHkkSfed narrow
8. Absence vuqifLFkfr presence 47. Cancel dkVuk confirm
9. Abolish mUewyu djuk conform 48. Cause dkj.k effect
10. Abnormal vlkekU; normal 49. Candid fuIdiV guarded
11. Active lfdz; inactive 50. Cautious lpsr reckless
12. Acquit eqDr djuk convict 51. Canny lh/kk careless
13. Advantage ykHk disadvantage 52. Cease lekIr gksuk start
14. Abandon NksM+ nsuk retain 53. Capacious foLr`r capricious
15. Awkward fofp= graceful 54. Celebrated izfl/n unknown
16. Alien fons’kh native 55. Capricious vfLFkj stable
17. Attentive lko/kku inattentive 56. Celebrity iz’kalk obscurity
18. Attract vkdfiZr djuk repel 57. Capture fxjirkj free
19. Attack vkdze.k djuk defend 58. Celibacy vfookfgr thou marriage
20. Adversity foifRr prosperity 59. Care lko/kkuh neglect
21. Bad cqjk good 60. Censure nksi yxkuk approve
22. Ban jksduk allow 61. Damage gkfu repair
23. Barbarous vlH; civilized 62. Dangerous [krjukd safe
24. Banish fudky nsuk admit 63. Daring lkglh cautious
25. Barren catj fertile 64. Dark va/kdkje; fair
26. Bankrupt fnokfy;k solvent 65. Daunt mRlkgfgu djuk encourage
27. Breadth pkSM+kbZ length 66. Dawn izHkkr dusk
28. Bare izdV djuk clothed 67. Dead e`r live
29. Back ihNs front 68. Deaf cfgjk headful
30. Barely dsoy fully 69. Dear eagxk cheap
31. Background lcls fiNyk Hkkx foreground 70. Dearth vdky abundance
32. Base vk/kkj top 71. Decadent {k; gksus okyk prosperous
33. Backward fiNM+k forward 72. Decay {k; gksuk prosper
34. Bashful fouhr bold 73. Decent lguh; dishonest
35. Badly cqjs izdkj ls well 74. Decided fuf’pr doubtful
36. Basic vk/kkj secondary 75. Decisive fu.kkZ;d insignificant
37. Balance rqY;rk difference 76. Decline var gksuk accept
38. Bastard voS/k larku unscoundrel 77. Decrease deh increase
39. Balk fo/u Mkyuk accept 78. Decry fuUnk djuk praise

160
79. Dedicate lefiZr indifferent 127. Genial n;kyq unkind,
80. Deep xgjk shallow 128. Go tkuk come, arrive
81. Early izkr%dky late 129. Genius viwoZcqf/n dolt, dunce,
82. Elderly cw<k+ young 130. Golden pefdyk , unfavourable
83. Earthly laklkfjd heavenly 131. Get izkIr djuk misunderstand
84. Elementary ekSfyd complicated 132. Good vPNk bad, inadequate
85. Ease ‘ ’kkar djuk increase 133. Ghastly Mjkouk pleasant, charming
86. Emerge fudkyuk enter 134. Gracious d`ikiw.kZ discourteous,
87. Easy lqxe difficult 135. Gigantic fo’kky diminutive, tiny
88. Eminent JsIB unknown 136. Gradual dzfed sudden, abrupt
89. Easy- going ljy izd`fr dk tense 137. Give nsuk accept, receive, take
90. Emotional Hkkoqd unemotional 138. Halt :duk go, begin, further
91. Economical vYio;h expensive 139. Healthy LoLFk unhealthy, ill
92. Emphasize ncko Mkyuk playdown 140. Handicap vlqfo/kk advantage,
93. Edible [kkus ;ksX; inedible 141. Hearten mRlkfgr djuk discourage, depress
94. Educated f’kf{kr illiterate 142. Handsome lqUnj ugly, plain, mearge
95. Efficient fuiq.k inefficient 143. Heat xje cold, apathy
96. Factual lpeqp untrue,unreal 144. Heavenly LoxhZ; dreadful, ugly
97. Fatal ?kkrd harmless, 145. Haphazard vfu;fer regular, systematic
98. Fall fxjuk succeed, 146. Heavily Hkkj ls light,slight, happy
99. Fatigue ifjJe energy, 147. Happy [kq’k sad, displeased
100. Failure vlQy success, 148. Helpful midkjd useless, unsympath
101. Fault nksi merit, 149. Hard dfBu soft, easy, gentle
102. Faint efyu clear, loud 150. Hero uk;d coward, villain
103. Fruitless vlQy imperfect, 151. Harm gkuh good, benefit
104. Fair lqanj dark, ugly 152. Hesitant fgpdus okyk determined, firm
105. Favour i{k disfavour, 153. Harmony ,drk disagreement,
106. Faith fo’okl distrust, 154. Hide fNikuk reveal, disclose
107. Fearful Hk;kud bold, intrepid 155. Haste tYnh delay, care
108. Fake csbZeku genuine, 156. Hasten tYnh djuk slow, decorate
109. Feeble nqcZy strong, robust 157. Hateful ?k`.kkizn admirable, lovable
110. False vlR; true, loyal, 158. Haughty vagdkjh modest, humble
111. Ferocious Hka;dj mild, gentle 159. Icy cgqr BaMk boiling,
112. Familiar ifjfpr strange, 160. hotIllustrious izfl) unknown, obscure
113. Fertile mitkm infertile, 161. Idle vkylh industrious, active
114. Famous izfl/n unknown, 162. Imaginary dkYifud real,actual
115. Fantastic euekSth real, ordinary 163. Ignorance vKkurk knowledge, education
116. Far nwj near, 164. Immature vifjiDo ripe, mature
117. Gain ykHk loss 165. Ill jksxh @vLoLFk healthy, well
118. Glad izlUu unhappy, sad 166. Immense cgqr cM+k tiny, minute
119. Gallant HkM+fdyk cowardly 167. Illegal legal, lawful
120. Glamorous tknwxj dowdy, dull 168. Immortal vej mortal, transitory
121. Gather ,d= djuk scatter, 169. Illegible vLiIV legible, clear
122. Gloomy efyu bright, happy 170. Important egRoiw.kZ unimportant, minor
123. General lkekU; specific, 171. Illegitimate voS/k lawful, legal
124. Glorious rstLoh unknown, dull 172. Impossible vlaHko possible, tolerable
125. Generally izk;% particularly, 173. Illicit fu;e licit, legal
126. Glory ;’k disgrace, 174. Imprison dSn djuk free, liberate

161
175. Illuminate izdk’k ;qDr darken, confuse 223. Meet HksaV djuk avoid, separate
176. Improve mUUkfr djuk deteriorate, impair 224. Malevolent dqcqf) benevolent,
177. Illusion ek;k reality, truth 225. Memorable Lej.kdjus;ksX; forgettable,
178. Jaundiced ihfy;k jksx xzLr optimistic, naïve 226. Manage O;oLFkk djuk mismanage, fail
179. Juicy jlhyk dry, unexisting 227. Mend ejEer djuk break, tear, worsen
180. Jealousy bZI;kZ admiration, trust 228. Married fookfgr unmarried, single
181. Just lPpk unjust, dishonest 229. Narrow ladqfpr wide, broad
182. Join lkFk gksuk detach, separate 230. Nice lqanj unpleasant, nasty
183. Justice U;k; injustice, dishonesty 231. Nasty vifo= delightful, pleasant
184. Joyful vkauniw.kZ depressed, 232. Night jkr day, light
185. Juvenile r:.k adult, mature 233. National jkIVz~h; local, international
186. Judicious U;k;;qDr foolish, injudicious 234. No ugh yes
187. Keen rhoz@mRlqd blunt, dull 235. Naughty uV[kV good, decent
188. Keep j[kuk give up, discard 236. Noble fouez dishonourable
189. Kind n;kyw unkind, mean 237. Natural izkd`frd abnormal, unnatural
190. Know tkuuk ignore, 238. Noisy dksykgy quiet, soft
191. Knowledge Kku ignorance, 239. None dksbZ ugh many
192. Laborious ifjJeh easy, simple 240. Near ikl es far, distant, remote
193. Leisure vodk’k work, occupation 241. Nonsense vuFkZd sense, wisdom
194. Lack vHkko abundance, excess 242. Neat lkQ clumsy, untidy,
195. Lengthen c<+kuk shorten, decrease 243. Normal lkekU; abnormal, irrational
196. Large fo’kky small,slight 244. Necessary vfuok;Z unnecessary,
197. Lethal izk.k?kkrd harmless, sake 245. Needy t:jrean wealthy, affluent
198. Last vafre first, initial 246. Neglect mis{kk care, attention
199. Liberal n;kyw miserly, narrow- 247. Nervous ’kh?kz ?kcjk tkus calm, laid
200. Late nsj ls vk;k gqvk punctual, early 248. Never dHkh ugh always, forever
201. Laughable gWalus gWlkus ;ksX; serious, grave 249. New u;k old, obsolete
202. Lavish [kphZyk mearge, frugal 250. Obedient vkKkdkjh disobedient, untruly
203. Lawful dkuquh unlawful, illegal 251. Obnoxious vfiz; delightful, pleasant
204. Lazy vkylh active, industrious 252. Obey vkKkikyu djuk disobey, ignore, defy
205. Lead usr`Ro djuk follow, trail 253. Obscure fNikuk clear, plain
206. Learned fo}ku ignorant, illiterate 254. Objection fojks/k approval, acceptance
207. Leave pys tkuk come, arrive 255. Observe vuqlj.k djuk overlook, ignore
208. Mad ikxy calm, sensible 256. Obligatory vko’;d voluntary, optional
209. Marvellousvk’p;Ztud ordinary, dreadful 257. Obsolete vizpfyr current, modern
210. MagnificentnsnhI;eku modest, 258. Oblivious HkqyDdM+ aware, conscious
211. poorMatching leku xq.k dk unlike, different 259. Obstacle ck/kk help, advantage
212. Main eq[; subsidiary, minor 260. Odd vuks[kk ordinary, usual, regular
213. Mature ifjiDo immature, childish 261. Obstinate gBh clear, advance, help
214. Maintain fuokZg djuk break off, neglect 262. Off nwj dk on, available, present
215. Maximum vf/kdre minimum, least 263. Obstruct jksduk amenable, flexible
216. Major izeq[k minor, 264. Offend dzksf/kr djuk please, delight
217. Meager FkksM+k abundant, copious 265. Occasional le; le; ij regular, habitual
218. Majority cgqer minority 266. Offer izLrko j[kuk withdraw, refuse
219. Mean uhp generous, 267. Occupied Hkjk gqvk free, vacant, empty
220. Make cukuk demolish, destroy 268. Offhand vlko/kku careful, thorough
221. Meaningful lkFkZd meaningless, 269. Occupy Hkjuk leave, abandon, quit
222. Male iq:Ik laca/kh female 270. Pacific ’kkar hostile, stormy

162
271. Past chrk gqvk present, future 306. Recover paxk gksuk lose, deteriorate
272. Pack xBjh cukuk unpack, empty 307. Rash mrkoyk careful, caution,
273. Pathetic dk:f.kd comical, cheerful, 308. Rectify lek/kku djuk damage, break
274. Palatial egy tSlk humble, modest 309. Rational mfpr irrational, illogical,
275. Patience /kS;Z impatience, agitation 310. Recurrent ckj ckj gksus okyk isolated, single,
276. Paradise LoxZ hell ceed 311. Ready iwjh rS;kjh ls incomplete,
277. Parallel le:i different, divergent 312. Reduce de djuk increase, enlarge
278. Pay _.k pqdkuk owe, withhold 313. Real okLofod unreal, imaginary,
279. Pardon ekQ djuk blame, punish 314. Realistic okLrfodrk unrealistic,
280. Peace 'kkafr noise, conflict, 315. Sacred ifo= profane, secular,
281. Part fgLlk yxkuk gather, join,marry 316. Scarce U;wu plentiful, abundant
282. Peak pksVh bottom, trough 317. Sad mnklhu happy, cheerful,
283. Partial viw.kZ complete, whole, 318. Scatter QSykuk collect, gather,
284. Pass ikl djkuk halt, stop, fail, 319. Safe lqjf{kr insecure, dangerous,
285. Passive fufIdz; active, assertive, 320. Secret fNik gqvk public, open, obvious
286. Quaint fofp= ugly, modern, 321. Salient iz/kku unimportant,
287. Quickly rhozrk slowly, thoroughly 322. Secular vuar holy, religious, sacred
288. Quarrel dyg reconciliation, 323. Sallow Hkwjs jax dk rosy, glowing
289. Quiet 'kkafr loud, noisy, busy 324.
290. Queer viw.kZ ordinary, well 325. Seldom dnkfpr often, frequently
291. Quit NksM+uk start, begin, 326. Same leku different, dissimilar
292. Quick QqrhZyk slow, sluggish, 327. Selfish LokFkhZ altruistic, selfless
293. Radiant nhfIreku dark, dull, gloomy 328. Sanction vuqeksnu djuk prohibit,,ban, reject
294. Rear lcls ihNs dk Hkkxfront, vanguard 329. Sell cspuk buy, purchase
295. Radical LokHkkfod minor, superficial 330. Sanguine vk’kk;qDr pessimistic, gloomy
296. Receive ikuk give, send, present 331. Sensible lTtu foolish, sily,
297. Raise mBkuk lower, demolish, 332. Satisfactionlarksi discontent, loss
298. Recent uohu old, former 333. Separate vyx join, unite, marry
299. Rally ,d= djuk disperse, 334. Save cpkuk endanger, cause,
300. Reckless vlko/kku careful, caution, 335. Scant de abundant, ample,
301. Random ,dk,d deliberate, 336. Take ysuk give, refuse
302. Recognize igpkuuk forget, overlook, 337. Tasteful LokfnIV tasteless, garish
303. Rapid rhoz slow, leisurely 338. Tall yack short, small
304. Recommend lkSaiuk reject, veto, 339. Tedious Fkdkus okyk exciting, interesting
305. Rare fojy common, frequent

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 WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED
S.N. Words Parts of speech Hindi meaning
1(a) Accept verb Lohdkj djuk
(b) Except preposition flok;+@NksM+dj
2(a) Accent noun Lokjk?kkr] mPpkj.k fpUg
(b) Assent verb lger gksuk] Lohd`fr nsuk
3(a) Access noun igqWp
(b) Excess noun vf/kdrk
4. (a) Adapt verb vuqdwy cukuk ;k u;k #i nsuk
(b) Adopt verb viukuk]xksn ysuk
(c) Adept adjective dq’ky]fuiq.k]n{k

5. (a) Action noun deZ] dk;Z

(b) Auction n/v uhyke djuk] uhyke
6. (a) Addition noun c<+ksRrjh
(b) Edition noun iqLrd dk laLdj.k
7. (a) Affluence noun izpwjrk] foiqyrk
(b) Effluence noun cfgIizokg] cfgL=ko
8. (a) Adverse adjective nqHkkZX;iq.kZ]vokaNuh;
(b) Averse adjective fdlh dk;Z dks djus esa vfuPNqd
9. (a) Air noun gok] ok;q
(b) Heir noun mRrjkf/kdkjh
10.(a) Affect verb izHkkfor djuk
(b) Effect noun izHkko
(c) Effect verb ykxw djuk
11. (a) Alien noun fons’kh] ijk;k
(b) Align verb tksM+uk
12 . (a) All ready phrase iq.kZ rS;kj]lHkh yksx vkSj lHkh pht rS;kj
(b) Already adjective igys ls gh
13. (a) All together phrase ,d lkFk]lkFk&lkFk]lHkh yksx feydj
(b) Altogether adverb iqjh rjg ls]iw.kZr% iwjh rkSj ij

14. (a) All right phrase lc Bhd @ lgh

(b) Alright dk iz;ksx ugh gksrk gSaA

164
15. (a)All ways phrase lHkh rjg ls
(b)Always adverb ges’kk]lnk
16. (a) Aspire verb vkdka{kk djuk] egRokdka{kk j[kuk
(b)Expire verb cq>uk] var ;k [kRe gksuk
(c)Inspire verb izsfjr djuk] izsj.kk nsuk
17. (a) Altar noun iwtk dh osnh
(b) Alter verb cnyuk
18. (a) Assay noun ’kq)rk dh ijh{kk] tkWap] fu/kkZj.k] iz;ksx
(b) Essay noun fuca/k] lkfgfR;d jpuk
19. (a) Amend verb lq/kkj djuk
(b) Emend verb fdlh lkfgfR;d d`fr dk la’kks/ku djuk
20. (a) Attach verb yxkuk] tksM+uk] tCr djuk] lfEefyr djuk
(b) Attache noun jktnwr lgk;d
21. (a) Bail noun tekur
(b) Bale noun xBjh] caMy] xV~Bj
22. (a) Beet noun pqdnaj
(b) Beat verb ihVuk] ph[kuk]pksV igaqWpkuk
23. (a)Brake noun czsd
(b)Break verb rksM+uk
24. (a)Boar noun taxyh lqvj
(b) Bore verb Nsn djuk
25. (a) Born verb iSnk djuk
(b)Borne verb lgu djuk
26. (a)Board noun ydM+h dk VqdM+k] r[rk
(b)Bored adjective mck gqvk
27. (a) Beer noun tkS dh ’kjkc
(b)Bear noun jhN] Hkkyw] eanfM+;k
(c)Bear verb lgu djuk] iSnk djuk
(d)Bare adjective uaxk] [kqyk gqvk] ttZj
28. (a)Bury verb Hkwyuk
(b)Bery noun ,d izdkj dk Qy
29.(a)Buy verb [kjhnuk
(b)By preposition ls] ds }kjk
30. (a)Blessed adjective lkSHkkX;’kkyh] lEeku ds ;ksX;

165
 (b)Blissful adjective ijelq[k
31. (a)Baron noun lkaer] uokc] tehankj
(b)Barren adjective catj] cka>] fujFkZd
(c)Barn noun [kfygku] dksBkj
32. (a)Better verb lq/kkjuk
(b)Better adjective vf/kd vPNk] mUur
(c)Batter verb QsaVuk] fcxkM+uk] pdukpwj
33. (a)Bloom verb f[kyuk] Qwyuk
(b)Blossom verb Qqy f[kyuk
34. (a)Berth noun xkM+h esa lksus dh txg
(b)Birth noun tUe
35. (a)Block noun iz[kaM] lkWapk] fiaM] [kaM
(b)Bloc noun xqV] ny
36. (a)Bridal adjective fookg laca/kh] oSokfgd
(b)Bridle noun yxke] fu;a=.k] ckxMksj
(c)Bridle verb yxke dluk] fu;a=.k j[kuk
37. (a)Boil verb mcyuk
(b)Broil verb vkx ij Hkquuk] idkuk
38. (a)Blush verb ’keZ ls psgjk yky iM+ tkukA
(b)Flush verb ’kkSp?kj vkfn lkQ djus ds fy, ikuh dk rst
cgko NksM+uk
39. (a)Border noun fdukjk] Nksj] ifjf/k
(b)Boundary noun lhek] e;kZnk] vof/k
40. (a)Bustle verb mRlkg iznf’kZr djuk]tYnh djuk
(b) Hustle verb tYnh ls pyuk] /kDdk nsuk
41. (a)Cattle noun Ik’kq
(b)Kettle noun dsryh
42. (a)Complement noun iwjd Hkkx] ftlls iwjk gks
(b)Compliment noun iza’klk
(c)Compliment verb iza’klk djuk

43. (a)Cast verb Qsaduk] >kM+uk] iVduk

(b)Caste noun tkfr] oxZ
166
44. (a)Conscience noun foosd] vaUr% dj.k
(b)Cautious adjective lko/kku
(c)Conscious adjective lpsr
45. (a)Cheque noun psd
(b)Check verb tkWap iM+rky djuk
46. (a)Consistently adverb n`<+rkiwoZd
(b)Constantly adverb fujraj
47. (a)Canvas noun [kqjnqjk diM+k] eksVk diM+k
(b)Canvass verb er ;kpuk djuk] oksV ekaxuk
48. (a)Callous adjective dBksj] l[r
(b)Callus adjective peM+s dk eksVk ;k ?kuk Hkkx
49. (a)Cease verb can djuk
(b)Seize verb cjken gksuk] idM+uk
50. (a)Canal noun ugj
(b)Kennel noun dqRrk dk ?kj
51. (a)Cent noun ,d flDdk
(b)Scent noun lqax/k] b=
52. (a)Cannon noun rksi
(b)Canon noun dkuwu] fu;e] fla)kr
53. (a)Childish adjective cPpks tSlk] cpdkuk
(b)Childlike adjective Hkksyk Hkkyk
54. (a)Capital noun jkt/kkuh] eq[; oLrq
(b) Capitol noun ;w- ,l dk laln “ou
55. (a)Choose verb pquuk] pquko djuk
(b)Chose verb pquk
56. (a)Career noun thou] is’kk] thou mUufr
(b)Carrier noun lokjh ij lkeku yknus dh txg
57. (a)Cite verb n`IVkar nsuk] m)`r djuk
(b)Sight noun n`’;
(c)Site noun LFkku

58. (a)Comic adjective etkfd;k] tku cq>dj cuk;k x;k ,slk :i ftlls galh vk,
(b)Comical adjective fcuk ;Ru ds cuk ,slk :i ftls ns[kdj galh vk,

167
59. (a)Careless adjective ykijokg
(b)Carefree adjective fpark eqDr] izlUu
60. (a)Cell noun dksf’kdk] canhx`g] dqfV;k
(b)Sell verb cspuk] fodz; djuk
61. (a)Die verb ejuk
(b)Dye verb jaxuk
62. (a)Dear adjective I;kjk] eagxk
(b)Deer noun fgj.k
63. (a)Desert noun jsfxLrku@e:LFky
(b)Desert verb R;kxuk
(c)Dessert noun “kstu ds ckn [kk, tkus okyk Qy] esok] feIBku
vkfn
64. (a)Dairy noun nqX/k’kkyk
(b)Diary noun Mk;jh
65. (a)Dose noun [kqjkd
(b)Doze verb mWa?kuk
66. (a)Discover verb [kkst djuk
(b)Invent verb vfoIdkj djuk
67. (a)Drought noun lw[kk] vuko`fIV
(b)Draught noun ?kwaV] [kqjkd] e|iku
(c)Draft noun gq.Mh
68. (a)Damp adjective ue] vknzZ
(b)Dump verb cks> mrkjuk] fons’k “stuk
70. (a)Dual noun nkssgjk] f}fo/k
(b)Duel noun ;q)] yM+kbZ] >xM+k
71. (a)Descent noun mrkj <yko] vojksg.k
(b)Dissent verb foLer gksuk] fojks/k djuk
(c)Decent adjective ’kkyhu] lqlH;
72. (a) Decease noun e`R;q
(b) Disease noun chekjh
73. (a) Disinterested adjective LokFkZ jfgr] rVLFk] fuIi{k
(b) Uninterested adjective :fpghu ;k ftls :fp u gks
74. (a)Direct adjective lh/kk
(b)Directly adverb vfoyEc

168
75. (a)Deny verb badkj djuk
(b)Refuse verb vlger gksuk
76. (a)Differ verb erHksn gksuk
(b)Defer verb nsj djuk
77. (a)Defy verb pqukSrh nsuk
(b)Deify verb nsoiwtk djuk
78. (a) Depression noun mnklh] ek;wlh
(b) Depreciation noun ewY; es fxjkoV
79. (a) Definite adjective lqfuf’pr
(b) Definitive adjective fo’oluh;]fu’p;
80. (a )Destiny noun HkkX;] fdLer
(b )Destination noun y{;] xarO;
81. (A)Eligible adjective pquk tkus ;ksX;
(b)Illegible adjective vLiIV ;k ftls i<+k u tk lds
82. (a)Emigrant noun viuk ns’k NksM+dj nwljs ns’k es jgus okyk
(b)Immigrant noun nwlus ns’k ls vkdj fdlh ns’k es jguk
83. (a)Elicit verb izdkf’kr djuk] fudkyuk
(b)Illicit adjective voS/k] xSj dkuwuh
84. (a)Effective adjective izHkko’kkyh
(b)Efficient adjective dq’ky
85. (a)Extinct adjective vizpfyr] foyqIr] e`r
(b)Instinct noun ewy izo`fr] vkarfjd Hkkouk
86. (a)Expert adjective n{k] fuiq.k] prqj
(b)Excerpt noun iqLrd ls m)`r va’k] m)j.k
87. (a)Expect verb vk’kk]izrh{kk] vuqeku djuk
(b)Hope verb vk’kk djuk] Hkjkslk djuk
88. (a)Empty adjective [kkyh] fjDr
(b)Vacant adjective fjDr] [kkyh
89. (a)Economical adjective ferO;;h] fdQk;rh
(b)Economic adjective vkfFkZd

90. (a)Excite verb mrsftr djuk

(b)Incite verb mdlkuk] HkM+dkuk

169
91. (a)Eatable adjective [kkus ;ksX;
(b)Edible adjective [kkus ;ksX;
92. (a)Elect adjective pquk gqvk
(b)Elite noun x.kekU; O;fDr] laHkzkr iq:i
93. (a)Emotional adjective HkkokRed] HkkotU;
(b)Emotive adjective euksHkko mRiUu djus okyk
94. (a)Endemic adjective LFkkuh; euqI;ks esa izpfyr
(b)Epidemic noun egkekjh
95. (a)Envy verb bZI;kZ djuk
(b)Envy noun bZI;kZ] tyu
96. (a)Eugenics noun l`tu foKku
(b)Genetics noun mRifr foi;d ’kkL=
97. (a)Evasion noun cpko] VkyeVksy
(b)Evasiveness noun diVrk] VkyeVksy
98. (a)Exceed verb ls JsIB gksuk] vf/kd gksuk
(b)Excel verb mRre gksuk] c<+uk
99. (a)Exclude verb oftZr djuk] oafpr j[kuk
(b)Preclude verb vyx j[kuk] can djuk] jksduk
100. (a)Exercise noun O;k;ke] dljr] vH;kl
(b)Exorcise verb >kM+ Qwad dj izsr gVkuk
101. (a)Fair adjective lqanj] lkQ] mfpr
(b)Fair noun esyk
(c)Fare noun fdjk;k] Hkkstu
(d)Fare verb izxfr djuk
102. (a)Feet noun ikao
(b)Feat noun djrc
103. (a)Feel good verb izlUu gksuk
(b)Feel well verb LoLFk gksuk
104. (a)Formally adverb vkSipkfjd :i ls
(b)Formerly adverb HkwriwoZ] igys le; dk
105. (a)Forth adverb vkxs
(b)Fourth adjective pkSFkk
106. (a)Foul adjective xank
(b)Fowl noun fpfM+;k

170
107. (a)False adjective >wBk
(b)Fall noun iru
108. (a)Flair noun tUetkr izo`fr
(b)Flare verb var] lekfIr
109. (a)Fatal adjective ?kkrd egRoiw.kZ] HkkX; fu.kkZ;d
(b)Fateful adjective egRoiw.kZ
110. (a)Fate noun fdLer] rdnhj] HkkX;
(b)Fortune noun ,s’o;Z] lEifr
112. (a)Fearful adjective Hk;kud] Hka;dj
(b)Fearsome adjective Mjkouk]Mjkusokyk
113. (a)Fawn noun fgj.k dk cPpk
(b)Fauna noun fdlh izns’k dss i'kq oxZ
114. (a)Festive adjective izlUu] [kq’k] vkaufnr
(b)Festal adjective mRlo lac/kh] [kq’k
115. (a)Field noun [ksr] pkjkxkg
(b)Meadow noun ?kkl yxk gqvk pkSjl eSnku
116. (a)Flavour noun lqax/k] Lokn dk ,glkl
(b)Savour noun Lokn] jl] xa/k
117. (a)Food noun Hkkstu] [kk| inkFkZ
(b)Feed verb Hkkstu djuk] [kkuk f[kykuk] pjkuk
118. (a)Foment verb lsduk] mdlkuk] HkM+dkuk
(b)Ferment verb mrsftr djuk] Qsu mRiUu djuk] txkuk
119. (a)Forceful adjective tksjnkj ’kfDr’kkyh
(b)Forcible adjective nckus ;ksX;] izcy] iqIV LiIV
120. (a)Funeral adjective vUR;sfIV fdz;k]Jk) deZ
(b)Funereal adjective ’kksdkdqy
121. (a)Gate noun QkVd] njoktk
(b)Gait noun pky
122. (a)Gilt adjective Lof.kZe
(b)Guilt noun vijk/k

123. (a)Gaol noun tsy

(b)Goal noun mn~ns’;

171
124. (a)Gamble verb tqvk [ksyuk
(b)Gambol verb Qqnduk
125. (a)Genteel adjective dqyhu] f’kIV
(b)Gentle adjective Hknz] lTtu]usd
126. (a)Grate noun vfXudqaM] LFky
(b)Great adjective egku] cM+k
127. (a)Glance verb fuxkg Mkyuk]’kh?kzrk ls ns[kuk
(b)Glimpse noun >yd
(c)Glimpse verb >yd izkIr djuk] fuxkg Mkyuk

128. (a)Gourmand noun isVw] vPNk Hkkstu djus dk ’kkSdhu

(b)Gourmet noun LokfnIV Hkkstu vPNh ’kjkc vkfn dk ikj[kh
129. (a)Gleam verb txexkuk
(b)Glow verb peduk
(c)Glimmer verb fVefVekuk
130. (a)Guarantee noun tekur
(b)Warranty noun vf/kdkj] izfrKk
131. (a)Heal verb Bhd djuk] LoLFk cukuk] ?kko Hkjuk
(b)Heel noun ,M+h
132. (a)Hair noun cky
(b)Heir noun mRrjkf/kdkjh
(c)Hare noun [kjxks’k
133. (a)Hole noun fcy] lqjk[k
(b)Whole adjective laiw.kZ
134. (a)Hanged verb Qkalh fn;k x;k O;fDr
(b)Hung verb fdlh oLrq dks yVdk;k x;k
135. (a)Hew verb dkVuk
(b)Hue noun jax
136. (a)Holy adjective ifo=
(b)Wholly adverb laiw.kZ :i ls
(c)Holey adjective Nsnnkj] lqjkxnkj

137. (a)Hail verb Lokxr djuk

(b)Hail adjective vksyk] vksyko`fIV
(c)Hale adjective LoLFk] etcwr

138. (a)Hard adjective dfBu] dBksj

(b)Hardy adjective cgknqj

172
139. (a)Human adjective ekuoh;
(b)Humane adjective n;kyq

140. (a)Heroin noun eknd inkFkZ

(b)Heroine noun ukf;dk

141. (a)Homely adjective ?kjsyw] ifjfpr] Hkksyk Hkkyk

(b)Homily noun mins’k] izopu

142. (a)Honourable adjective lEekuh;

(b)Honorary noun voSrfud

143. (a)Humility noun fouezrk

(b)Humiliation noun vieku] nhurk

144. (a)Hear verb lquuk

(b)Listen verb /;ku ls lquuk

145. (a)House noun ?kj] Hkou] leqnk;

(b)Home noun okl LFkku]tUe Hkwfe

146. (a)Idle adjective lqLr

(b)Ideal adjective vkn’kZ
(c)Idol noun ewfrZ

147. (a)Imaginary adjective dkYifud

(b)Imaginative adjective dYiukiw.kZ

148. (a)Intelligible adjective le>us ;ksX;

(b)Intellectual adjective ekufld cqf) laca/kh

149. (a)Irrelevant adjective vlaca)] vlaxr

(b)Irreverent adjective J)k ;k HkfDr ghu] vuknj djus okyk

150. (a)Irony adjective O;aX;ksfDr] rkuk] yksgs ds ln`’;

(b)Witty adjective [kq’k fetkt] gkftjtokc

151. (a)Illigible adjective tks i<+h u tk lds

(b)Ineligible adjective v;ksX;] vokaNuh;

152. (a)Impossible adjective vlaHko

(b)Impassable adjective ftls ikj u fd;k tk lds

153. (a)Intolerable adjective vlguh;

(b)Intolerant adjective ,slk O;fDr tks lgu’khy u gks
154. (a)Immovable adjective vpy] vfMx
(b)Irremovable adjective vpy] vfLFkj
155. (a)Impractical adjective vO;ogkjh
(b)Impracticable adjective vO;kogkfjd

173
156. (a)Indifferent adjective mnklhu] rVLFk
(b)Diffident adjective vkRefo’okl
157. (a)Infectious adjective ladzked jksx
(b)Contagious adjective Li’kZ ls QSyus okyk] ns[kdj QSyus okyk
158. (a)Inflammable adjective izToyu’khy] tYnh ls tyus ;ksX;
(b)Flammable adjective Toyu’khy
159. (a)Inheritance noun iSr`d /ku
(b)Heritage noun iSr`d laifRr
160. (a)Instrument noun ;a=] midj.k
(b)Implement noun ;a=@ vkStkj
161. (a)Judicial adjective fuIi{k] U;k; laca/kh
(b)Judicious adjective foosd’khy
162. (a)Jest noun gkL;kLin pht
(b)Zest noun mRlkg

163. (a)Join verb tksM+uk] laca/k djuk] feykuk

(b)Joint noun laf/k] tksM+] dCtk
164. (a)Jealous adjective bZI;kyq
(b)Zealous adjective tks’k vkSj maex ls Hkjk gqvk
165. (a)Juvenile adjective ;kSou laca/kh
(b)Jejune adjective LoYi] fu%lkj] rRojfgr
166. (a)Junction noun laf/k] feyus dk LFkku
(b)Juncture noun laf/k] ?kVukdze] le;
167. (a)Jewel noun jRu
(b)Gem noun jRu
168. (a)Knotty adjective dfBu
(b)Naughty adjective uV[kV] cnek’k
169. (a)Knot noun fookg ca/ku] xkaB] eqlhcr] lqanj
(b)Nought noun ’kwU;] dqN ugh
170. (a)Last adjective vafre
(b)Latest adjective vk/kqfudre

171. (a)Loan noun m/kkj

(b)Lend verb m/kkj nsuk

174
172. (a)Lightening verb gYdk djuk
(b)Lightning noun fctyh peduk
(c)Lighting noun izdk’k O;oLFkk
173. (a)Letter noun i=
(b)Latter adjective fiNyk] nwljk
174. (a)Lesson noun ikB
(b)Lessen verb de djuk
175. (a)Lose verb [kksuk
(b)Loose adjective <+hyk
(c)Loss noun gkfu
176. (a)Lion noun ’ksj
(b)Loin noun iSj dk Hkkx
177. (a)Lay verb vaMk nsuk
(b)Lie verb >wB cksyuk
178. (a)Licence noun vuqefr
(b)License verb vuqefr nsuk
179. (a)Legal adjective oS/kkfud] dkuwwu ds vuqlkj
(b)Lawful adjective dkuwwu ds vuqlkj
180. (a)Limpid adjective ’kq)] LoPN
(b)Languid adjective ean] f’kfFky] LQwfrZghu
181. (a)Liquor noun efnjk] vYdksgfyd fMz~ad
(b)Liqueur noun ehBh lqaxf/kr efnjk
182. (a)Location noun LFkku fu/kkZj.k]fLFkfr
(b)Locality noun LFkku
(c)Locale noun LFkkuh; lekpkj LFky
(d)Local adjective LFkkuh;
183. (a)Lonely adjective vdsyk gh fcuk fdlh lkFkh ds
(b)Lonesome adjective vdsyk gksus ds dkj.k nq%[kh
184. (a)Lunch noun fdlh Hkh le; fd;k x;k gYdk Hkkstu
(b)Dinner noun fnu dk eq[; Hkkstu
(c)Supper noun fnu dk vafre Hkkstu
185. (a)Linage noun js[kkvks dh la[;k ls lacf/kr
(b)Lineage noun oa’k] dqy] ijiajk
186. (a)Marry verb ’kknh djuk
(b)Merry verb [kq’k gksuk
175
187. (a)Mail noun Mkd
(b)Male noun uj
188. (a)Meet verb feyuk
(b)Meat noun ekal

189. (a)Magnet noun pqEcd

(b)Magnate noun /kuoku O;fDr
190. (a)Mourn verb i'pkrki djuk
(b)Morn noun lqcg] losjk
191. (a)Memorable adjective ;kn j[kus ;ksX;
(b)Memorial noun Lekjd
192. (a)Metal noun /kkrq
(b)Mettle noun ’kfDr] {kerk
193. (a)Main adjective iz/kku] eq[;
(b)Mane noun ’ksj ;k ?kksM+s ds xnZu ij yack cky
194. (a)Meter noun ekid ;a=
(b)Metre noun ehVj
195. (a)Maize noun eDdk
(b)Maze noun HkwyHkwyS;k
196. (a)Mental adjective ekufld] cqf) lac/kh
(b)Mantal noun vaxhBh ds pkjks vksj dh ydM+h
197. (a)Mayor noun egkikSj
(b)Mare noun ?kksM+h
198. (a)Moan verb djkguk
(b)Groan verb nnZ ds dkj.k fpYykuk
199. (a)Mobile adjective pyrk fQjrk
(b)Movable adjective tks vkxs ihNs gVk;k tk lds
200. (a)Modest adjective f’kIV] fouez] ladksph
(b)Moderate adjective u cgqr T;knk] u cgqr de
201. (a)Naval adjective ukS lsuk lac/kh
(b)Navel noun ukfHk

202. (a)Necessary adjective vko’;d@t:jr

(b)Necessity noun vko’;drk

176
203. (a)Nadir noun ikrky] iru dh pjekoLFkk
(b)Zenith noun mPpre LFkku
204. (a)Notable adjective egRoiw.kZ] uksV djus ;ksX;
(b)Notorious adjective dq[;kr
(c)Famous adjective izfl)
205. (a)Nationalize verb jkIVzh;dj.k djuk
(b)Naturalize noun ukxfjdrk dk vf/kdkj iznku djuk
206. (a)Naught noun dqN ugh] iq.kZ vlQyrk
(b)Nought noun cckZnh] ’kwU;
207. (a)Net noun tky] Qank
(b)Gross noun ckjg ntZu] laiw.kZ jkf’k
208. (a)Nurse noun ifjpkfjdk
(b)Nurture noun ikyu iksi.k
(c)Nourish verb ikyu djuk
(d)Cherish verb lko/kkuh ls iksi.k djuk
209. (a)Nutritious adjective ikSfIVd] iqfIVdj
(b)Nutritional adjective vkgkj ;k iksi.k dk
210. (a)Once adverb ,d ckj
(b)One’s possessive pronoun fdlh O;fDr dk
211. (a)Oar noun irokj
(b)Ore noun v;Ld
212. (a)Order noun vkns’k@vkKk
(b)Ardour noun mRlkg] tks’k
213. (a)Obliged verb foo’k fd;k
(b)Obligated verb fdlh O;fDr dks dksbZ dk;Z djus ds fy, foo’k fd;k
214. (a)Observation noun voyksdu] dFku
(b)Observance noun izFkk] jhfr] izpyu
215. (a)Obstacle noun ck/kk] :dkoV] vM+pu
(b)Obstruction noun ck/kk] :dkoV
216. (a)Offer verb iznku djuk] cnyuk
(b)Proffer verb izLrko j[kuk
217. (a)Oppression noun vR;kpkj] mRihM+u] tqYe]neu
(b)Repression noun neu] tqYe
218. (a)Outrageous adjective fuUnkiw.kZ] vR;kpkjh
(b)Outer adjective ijiajk ds foijhr
177
219. (a)Ornate adjective lqlfTtr
(b)Ornamental adjective lq’kksfHkr djus okyk
220. (a)Peace noun ’kkafr
(b)Piece noun VqdM+k
221. (a)Practice noun vH;kl
(b)Practise verb vH;kl djuk
222. (a)Pole noun [kaHkk
(b)Poll noun ernku
223. (a) Principle noun fl)kar
(b)Principal noun izkpk;Z
224. (a)Precede verb igys vkuk
(b)Proceed verb nwljh txg tkuk
225. (a)People noun vkneh
(b)Pupil noun f’kI;
226. (a)Place noun LFkku@txg
(b)Plaice noun ,d izdkj dh txg
227. (a)Pray verb izkFkZuk djuk
(b)Prey noun f’kdkj
(c)Prey verb f’kdkj djuk
228. (a)Plane noun gokbZ tgkt
(b)Plain adjective lery] likV
(c)Plan noun ;kstuk] :ijs[kk
229. (a)Price noun nke
(b)Prize noun bZuke
230. (a)Pane noun ’kh’kk] f[kM+dh es yxh dkap dh iV~Vh
(b)Pain noun nnZ

231. (a)Peal noun >adkj

(b)Peel verb fNydk mrkjuk
(c)Peel noun fNydk
232. (a)Pick verb pquuk
(b)Peak noun pksVh]f’k[kj
233. (a)Petrol noun isVzksy
(b)Patrol verb fu;a=.k djuk

178
234. (a)Persue verb ihNk djuk
(b)Peruse verb tkap djuk
(c)Persuade verb fo’okl fnykuk
235. (a)Packet noun NksVh xBjh
(b)Package noun xBjh] iksVyh
(c)Parcel noun caMy
236. (a)Particular adjective fof’kIV] lko/kku] fLFkj foy{k.k
(b)Peculiar adjective vuks[kk] vlkekU;] vlk/kkj.k
237. (a)Pastry noun vkVk]?kh ls cuk [kk| inkFkZ
(b)Pasty noun ,d izdkj dh dpksM+h
(c)Patty noun ,d izdkj dk lekslk
(d)Pate noun flj][kksiM+h
238. (a)Previous adjective igys ls] fiNyk
(b)Prior adjective iwoZorh] igys
239. (a)Proposal noun izLrko
(b)Proposition noun izfrKk] izLrkouk] lk/;
240. (a)Puny adjective uUgk] nqcZy]’kfDrghu
(b)Puny noun vuqHkoghu ;qok euqI;
241. (a)Querry noun iz’u] iqNrkN
(b)Quarry noun [knku] [kqyh [kku
242. (a)Quiet noun ’kkar] pqipki
(b)Quite adverb fcYdqy] iw.kZr%
243. (a)Queen noun jkuh
(b)Quean noun os’;k
244. (a)Quarrelsome adjective >xM+kyw] fooknh
(b)Querulous adjective foykih] nq%[kh

245. (a)Quota noun fu/kkZfjr va’k

(b)Quorum noun dk;Zokgh la[;k
246. (a)Quote verb m)`r djuk] nke crkuk
(b)Cite verb m)gj.k djuk
247. (a)Rain verb oikZ djuk
(b)Reign verb ’kklu djuk
(c)Rein noun yxke

179
248. (a)Root noun tM+
(b)Route noun ;k=k dk jkLrk
249. (a)Ring noun vaxwBh
(b)Wring verb fupksM+uk
250. (a)Roll noun gktjh
(b)Role noun Hkwfedk
251. (a)Raise verb mBkuk
(b)Raze verb feVkuk] Qsaduk
(c)Rays noun fdj.ks
(d)Rise verb mBuk
252. (a)Rob verb ywVuk
(b)Steal verb pqjkuk
(c)Steel noun LVhy
253. (a)Reck verb ns[kHkky djuk
(b)Wreck verb uIV gksuk] cckZn gksuk
254. (a)Road noun lM+d
(b)Rode verb lokj gqvk
255. (a)Rack noun lkeku j[kus dk ikVu
(b)Wrack noun leqnzh ’kSoky
256. (a)Reciprocal noun ikjiafjd
(b)Mutual adjective ikjLifjd] vkil esa
257. (a)Repel verb grksRlkfgr djuk
(b)Repulse verb [knsM+uk] ihNs /kdsyuk
258. (a)Reproach verb f/kDdkjuk] QVdkjuk
(b)Reprove verb MkaV yxkuk
(c)Rebuke verb l[rh ls crkZo djuk

259. (a)Reservation noun lqjf{kr vf/kdkj

(b)Reserve verb HkfoI; ds fy, cpkdj j[kuk
(c)Preserve verb cpkuk] lqj{kk djuk
260. (a)Retire verb vodk’k xzg.k djuk
(b)Retreat verb ihNs gVuk
261. (a)Royal adjective jktlh
(b)Regal adjective jktdh;]’kkunkj

180
262. (a)Stationary adjective fLFkj] vpy
(b)Stationery noun ys[ku lkexzh
263. (a)Story noun dgkuh
(b)Storey noun eafty
264. (a)Sensible adjective foosd’khy
(b)Sensitive adjective laosnu’khy
265. (a)Soldier noun lSfud
(b)Shoulder noun da/kk
266. (a)Soul noun vkRek
(b)Sole noun ,dkdh
267. (a)Scent noun lqxa/k
(b)Cent noun ’krka’k
268. (a)Suit noun diM+s dk lwV
(b)Suit verb vuqdwy gksuk
(c)Suite noun dejs dk lsV
(d)Soot noun dkfy[k
269. (a)Sore adjective nq%[kh] ijs’kku
(b)Sour adjective [kV~Vk
(c)Soar verb eaMjkuk
270. (a)Sail verb iksr ls lSj djuk
(b)Sale noun fcdzh] fodz;
(c)Sell verb cspuk
271. (a)Tale noun dgkuh
(b)Tail noun iwaN
272. (a)Teem verb Hkjk gqvk
(b)Team noun Vhe

273. (a)Throne noun flagklu

(b)Thrown verb Qsadk gqvk
274. (a)Temper noun dzks/k] jat
(b)Tamper verb gLr{ksi djuk
275. (a)Than conjunction ls] vis{kk
(b)Then adverb rc] ml le;
276. (a)Terminal noun/adj. vafre LFkku
(b)Terminus noun jsy] cl vkfn dk vafre LVs’ku
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277. (a)Trend noun izo`fr] QS’ku
(b)Tendency noun izo`fr] >qdko
278. (a)Trial noun ijh{k.k] tkap
(b)Test noun tkap] fo’ysi.k
279. (a)Troop noun O;fDr ;k Ik’kqvks dk >qaM
(b)Troupe noun vfHkusrk ;k dykdkjks dh eaMyh
280. (a)Urban adjective ’kgjh
(b)Urbane adjective f’kIV
281. (a)Union noun la?k
(b)Unity noun ,drk
282. (a)Umpire noun vEik;j
(b)Empire noun lkezkT;
283. (a)Unwanted adjective vokafNr
(b)Unwonted adjective vuks[kk] vuwBk
284. (a)Use noun mi;ksx] pyu
(b)Usage noun O;ogkj] iz;ksx
285. (a)Vacant adjective fjDr
(b)Empty adjective [kkyh
286. (a)Vain adjective O;FkZ] csdkj
(b)Vein noun ul] jDr] uyh
(c)Vane verb jksuk
(d)Wail verb jksuk
287. (a)Vale noun ?kkVh
(b)Veil noun inkZ

288. (a)Vacation noun vodk’k

(b)Vocation noun O;olk;
(c)Avocation adjective ’kkSd] fu;fer /ka/kk
289. (a)Violence noun rhoz ,oa izcy ’kfDr rksM+ QksM+ dk dke
(b)Violation noun fu;e ;k dkuwu dk mYy?aku
290. (a)Various adjective vfuf’pr] fHkUu
(b)Variable adjective ifjorZu’khy] vfLFkj
291. (a)Waive verb ykSVk ysuk
(b)Wave verb ?kqekuk] fn[kkuk

182
292. (a)Week noun lIrkg
(b)Weak adjective detksj
293. (a)Waste verb cckZn djuk
(b)Waist noun dej
294. (a)Wear verb iguuk
(b)Ware noun lkeku
(c)Were noun Fks
295. (a)Wine noun ’kjkc
(b)Vine noun csy
296. (a)Wonder verb gSjku gksuk
(b)Wander verb HkVduk
297. (a)Whether conjunction ;fn
(b)Weather noun ekSle
298. (a)Wet adjective Hkhxk gqvk
(b)Whet verb rst djuk] /kkj cukuk
299. (a)Wink verb vka[k fepdk dj ladsr nsuk
(b)Blink verb tYnh tYnh vka[ks can djuk] [kkssyuk
300. (a)Yoke noun tqvk
(b)Yolk noun vaMs dk ihyk Hkkx
301. (a)Your adjective rqEgkjk
(b)You’re adjective rqEgkjk gS
(c)Yearn verb rhoz ykylk djuk
302. (a)Zeal noun mRlkg] tks’k
(b)Zealous adjective mRlkgh

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 MORAL STORIES

1. A Dishonest Milkman

A milkman became very wealthy through dishonest means. He had to cross a river daily to
reach the city where his customers lived. He mixed the water of the river generously with the milk that
he sold for a good profit. One day he went around collecting the dues in order to celebrate the wedding
of his son. With the large amount thus collected he purchased plenty of rich clothes and glittering gold
ornaments. But while crossing the river the boat capsized and all his costly purchases were swallowed
by the river. The milk vendor was speechless with grief. At that time he heard a voice that came from
the river, “Do not weep. What you have lost is only the illicit gains you earned through cheating your
customers.
MORAL – Honesty is the best policy.

2. Grey Goose and Gander

Once upon a time, there was a peaceful kingdom. The king heard rumors that barbarians were
going to attack his castle soon. So he called his two favorite pets - the huge grey goose and gander.
“My dear goose and gander, our kingdom is in danger. Take my daughter to a safe place on top of
the tallest hill," said the king. So the grey goose and gander flew the princess who sat in a red sheet over
the one-strand river to the top of the tallest hill.
Six months had passed but the kingdom was not attacked. The king regretted his decision and told
the grey goose and gander to bring home his daughter. Then the king understood that he had to be
careful before taking actions based up the rumors which need not be true. The king was aware of his
discretion before taking any decision.
MORAL: You do not have to overreact just because you overheard rumors.

3. The Camel and The Jackal

A camel and a jackal were friends. One day the jackal took his friend to a big sugar-cane farm. It
was on the opposite side of a river. After a sumptuous meal the jackal began to howl loudly. The
frightened camel pleaded with the jackal not to do so. The jackal said, “Friend, I have this habit after
every meal. I cannot help it." Soon the farmers arrived and gave a sound thrashing to the camel. When
the camel crossed the river the jackal joined him on his back. In the midstream the camel took a
deliberate dip in the water. When the jackal cried out in terror, the camel said casually: "I have the habit
of rolling in the water after every meal." The poor jackal was drowned.
MORAL : Every action has an opposite reaction
4. The Dog and The Donkey
There lived a dog and a donkey in a house of a rich man. The dog guarded his house and the
donkey carried loads for him.
It was a hot afternoon. The dog was sleeping under the shady veranda. There was some noise
outside. The dog just lifted up his head and went back to sleep. The donkey asked, "Why don't you bark.
It could be thieves". The dog replied, "Mind your own business". But the donkey would not listen. He
wanted to save his master from thieves. He started to bray. The master who was sound asleep got wild
with the donkey and came running out with a stick and gave hard beatings to the donkey. MORAL : It is
always better to mind our own business.

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 5. The Wolf and the Crane
Once a wolf killed a lamb and started eating it.
Suddenly a piece of bone stuck in its throat. It cried out of pain and called for help. There came a
crane. The wolf lured the crane that it will give lot of rewards.
The greedy crane immediately agreed and removed the piece of bone with its long nose. The wolf
was relieved of its pain. Then the crane asked for the rewards.
The wolf laughed at the crane and said, "I have already rewarded you without biting your head. Run
away from here, else I will kill you". The crane was very much disappointed and ran way to save its life.
MORAL : You should help only those who deserve for it.

6. The Red Hen and Her Friends

Once, there lived a hen with her five chicks. The hen was as red as beetroot. She had three friends : a
duck, a cat and a dog. They all lived happily. One day, the red hen stumbled on to a wheat seed. “Hey,
who among you wish to plant this seed?" she asked.
“Not me, friend" refused the duck.
“Nor can I." declined the cat.
“Count me not." the dog turned his back.
“All right. I will do it then by myself," said the hen. She planted the seed and watered it. Alas! It grew
quickly to yield the brownish wheat. “Hi! There, who among you wish to harvest the wheat?" asked the
red hen.
“Not me, friend," the duck sounded bored.
“Nor can I." shrugged the cat.
“Count me not!" avoided the dog.
“If so, I will do it by myself," the red hen spoke up as she labored all day along. By evening she had
two gunny bags full of wheat.
“Hello pal! Who among you will lend me a hand to grind this wheat? She queried. All the three
refused as usual.
"I will see that I grind this by myself. I will make flour, knead dough and bake bread!" she
announced. The next day she baked delicious bread.
“Howdy, who among you wish to eat this bread?" she asked merrily.
“I want to!" answered the duck, smacking her lips.
“Me too!" said the cat with his mouth watering.
“Yummy, smells good," spoke up the dog, shuffling his feet eagerly.
“None of you can have a bite! I slaved in the field and at home. Only my children and I are entitled to eat
this bread!" So saying the red hen fed her chicks and ate a sumptuous meal that day.
MORAL : There are no gains without pains.

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 7. THE ANT AND THE DOVE
One hot day, an ant was searching for some water. After walking around for some time, she came to a
spring. To reach the spring, she had to climb up a blade of grass. While making her way up, she slipped
and fell into the water.
She could have drowned if a dove up a nearby tree had not seen her. Seeing that the ant was in
trouble, the dove quickly plucked off a leaf and dropped it into the water near the struggling ant. The
ant moved towards the leaf and climbed up there. Soon it carried her safely to dry ground. Just at that
time, a hunter nearby was throwing out his net towards the dove, hoping to trap it. Guessing what he
was about to do, the ant quickly bit him on the heel. Feeling the pain, the hunter dropped his net. The
dove was quick to fly away to safety. Moral - One good turn
deserves another

8.THINK BEFORE YOU SPEAK

It was a sunny day, but the climate was enjoyable. Everyone in the railway station was waiting for
the train to arrive. Among the crowd, there was a group of friends, youngsters who were on board for
vacation.
It was a busy station with juice shop, mobile restaurants, coffee and tea stalls, newspaper shop,
restaurants, etc. The announcement regarding the arrival of the train was made and everyone prepared
to get into the train to their appropriate places.
The group of friends made loud noise to welcome the train as it entered the station. They ran to get
their reserved seats before anyone could get into the train.
The empty seats were filled and the train whistled to move. An old man with a young boy aged around
15 years came running to catch the train. They entered the train and the train started to move. They had
their seats just adjacent to the friends’ group.
The young boy was so surprised to see everything.
He acclaimed at his father, ‘Dad, the train is moving and the things are moving backwards.’
His father smiled and nodded his head.
As the train started moving fast, the young boy again screamed, ‘Dad the trees are green in colour
and run backward very fast.’ His father said, ‘Yes dear’ and smiled.
Just like a kid, he was watching everything with great enthusiasm and happiness loaded with tons of
surprises.
A fruit seller passed selling apples and oranges. The young boy asked his dad, ‘I want to eat apples.’
His father bought him apples. He said, ‘Oh apple looks so sweet than it tastes’ I love this colour.’
The group was watching all the activities of this boy and asked the boy’s father ‘Is your son having
any problem? Why is he behaving very differently?’
A friend from the group made fun of him and shouted, ‘His son is mad I think.’
The father of the young boy, with patience, replied to the friend-group.
‘My son was born blind. Only a few days before he was operated and got the vision. He is seeing various
things in his life for the first time.’ The young friends became very quiet and apologized to his father and
son.
MORAL- Think Before You Speak.

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 9. HEALTH IS WEALTH

Once upon a time, there lived a generous and kind-hearted king. But, the people weren’t happy
with their king. Because, the king was too lazy and would not do anything other than eating and
sleeping.
He spent days and weeks and months in his bed either eating something or sleeping. He almost became
inactive. The king became a potato couch and the people started to worry about the king.
One day he realized that he couldn’t even move his body, unable to move his foot. He became very fat
and his enemies made fun of him ‘fatty king’, ‘bulky king’ etc.
He invited specialized doctors from various parts of his country and offered them generous rewards to
make him fit. Unfortunately, none could help the king gain his health and fitness. Since the king was very
cordial to his fellow people, many suggested renowned doctors to help him. He spent enormously but
everything went in vain.
One fine morning, a holy man, (Rishi) visited the region of the King. He heard about the ill-health of the
king and told the minister to meet him at his place. When the minister met him, he informed the
minister that he could easily cure the king. Hearing these promising words, the minister became very
happy. He requested the king to meet the holy man to get rid of the ill health.
The holy man resided at a distant place. Since the king could not move his body, the fatty king asked the
minister to bring the holy man to the palace, but the holy man refused and ordered to come to meet
him.
After strenuous efforts, the king met the holy man. The holy man encouraged him and said he was good
and very soon the king would gain his health. He asked the king to come for treatment every day from
the next day of visit. Also the holy man told the king that he would treat the king only if he came on foot
to his place.
The King was unable to walk even a few steps on the road, but accompanied by his followers, he
reached the holy man’s place. Unfortunately, the holy man was not available there and his devotee
requested the king to come and meet him the next day for treatment.
This was repeated for two weeks and the king never met the holy man, never had any treatment.
Suddenly, the king realized that he felt a lot lighter, lost considerable amount of weight and felt more
active than before. He realized the reason why the holy man asked him to reach his place by walking.
Very soon, the king regained his health, and the people were very happy in his kingdom.
The King had a lot of wealth, but no amount of wealth could make him healthy.
MORAL- Health is Wealth!

10. Money Can’t Buy Everything

Nick is a 10 year old boy. He was the only son to his parents. His father was a hard-working
business man and he could hardly spend time with his son. Nick’s father would reach home after he
slept, and leave home, before he woke up, or sleep until he left for school. His father hardly had any
time for Nick or his family. He could not accompany him or the family. Just like any other boy, Nick
wanted to go outdoors with his father and have fun.
One day, Nick was surprised to see his father at home in the evening.
“Dad, it is a big surprise to see you at home”, Nick said.
“Yes son, my meeting was cancelled and my next flight is delayed by 2 hours. So I’m at home”, his father
replied.

The conversation between Nick and father:

Dad, may I please ask you a few questions?
Yes, my dear son, please proceed.
When will you be back?

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 Tomorrow noon!
Dad, how much do you earn a year?
Dear, it’s a very big amount and you won’t be able to understand it.
Ok dad, are you happy with the amount you earn?
Yes my dear. I’m very happy, and in fact I’m planning to launch our new branch and a new
business in a few months. Isn’t that great?
Yes, dad. I’m happy to hear that.
So, do you have any other questions Nick?
Yes, father, I do have one more question.
Ask me then!
Dad, you don’t want to tell me how much you earn a year or a month. But can you tell me what
you earn a day or even half a day?
Nick, why are you asking this question? I have provided you with all the possible luxuries.
No dad, you have always given the best to me, but please answer me. It would be really nice if you
can tell me how much you earn in an hour?
Nick, this is not fair and you should not be questioning your father about his income.
Nick asked his mother to support him.
Nick and his mom requested to answer his hourly income, if not the daily income.
Nick’s father replied, it will be around Rs.1000/- per hour.
Nick ran to his room upstairs, and came down with his piggy bank that contained his savings.
Dad, I have Rs.3000/- in this box. Can you spare three hours with me? I want to go to beach and
have dinner with you tomorrow evening. Can you please mark this in your schedule?
Nick’s father was speechless!
MORAL- Running behind money makes children deprived of love and care from parents. Money can’t
buy everything.

11.Money Vs Family

Rama’s family is very big. Rama is a hard worker and he is the sole bread winner of the family. He
has three kids, two sons and a daughter. He lives along with father and mother. Rama used to work too
hard to feed his family.
He works for more than 16 hours a day. The kids cannot see him as he will leave home early in
the morning before they wake-up and reach home around midnight when kids would sleep every day.
The entire family eagerly wait to spend quality time with him and the kids miss him so much.
The children were too curious about Sundays as his father would spend the entire day with them.
Unfortunately, to meet the increasing household expenses and educational expenses, Rama took a
weekend job to work even on Sundays. The kids were very shattered and even Rama’s wife and parents
too! The typical routine continued for several weeks and year passed. All the hard work of Rama earned
a lot of benefits and he was offered promotion with attractive increment.

The family moved to a new house, got better clothes and ate healthy foods. However, as usual,
Rama continues to earn more and more money. One day his wife asked him ‘why are you running for
money? We can be happy with what we have now.’
Rama replied, ‘I want to give the best available in the world to all of you and want you to stay
happy always.’
Two years passed and Rama hardly spent time with his family. The children yearned to have their
father at home. Meanwhile, the sincere efforts of Rama reaped him a fortune. He was offered
partnership and share in profits. He continued to earn more and more wealth.

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 Now, Rama’s family is one of the richest families in the city. They have all the facilities and
luxuries. Still, Rama’s children strove to meet their father as he was hardly seen at home.
His children turned teens and they are no more kids. Now, Rama earned enough wealth to
provide a luxurious life to his next five generations.
Rama’s family went to their beach house to spend their vacation. His daughter asked, ‘Dad will you
please spend one day at home and stay with us here?’
Rama replied, ‘Yes darling, tomorrow for sure, I will join you for the lunch and be with you all for
next few days. I’m tired of work and need refreshment!’
The entire family became very happy.
Unfortunately, the next day, none in Rama’s family were alive as they were washed out in
Tsunami!
Rama was too busy even to hear the news about Tsunami. When he tried to reach his beach house, he
saw sea and water everywhere and screamed for his family, He could not even find the dead bodies of
his family.He can never have them again, cannot even see them and even by paying millions he cannot
get them back to life!
He remembered his wife’s words, ‘Why are you running for money? We can be happy with what we
have now.’
MORAL- Money can’t buy everything!

12. The Hungry Mouse

A mouse was having a very tough time. She had no food for many days and made strenuous efforts
get her food. All her efforts went in vain. She looked everywhere to find her food. As the days pass by,
she became very thin.
One day, the mouse found a basket with corns. She also noticed a tiny hole in the basket, which
was sufficient enough to move her in. She easily moved inside the hole.
Since she had no foods for many days, she ate a large amount of corn. Without realizing her, she
continuously ate more and more corns. She realized very later that she ate a lot more than she actually
required. After eating a whole lot of corn, she became very fat! Satisfied with corns, the fat mouse tried
to come out of the basket through the small hole. Unfortunately, the tiny hole could not accommodate
the big mouse!!!!
The mouse started screaming ‘Oh god! Let me come out, how can I come out?’
A rat after hearing mouse’s screaming voice from the basket, asked her what happened!
Mouse told the story and asked rat a solution. Rat told, ‘if you want to come out the basket, wait for
sometime or even days to lose your all your fat until you grow thin. Mouse started to starve now but
with lots of food to come out of the trap!
MORAL-Anything too much is good for nothing!

13. The Ant and the Grasshopper

In a field one summer's day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart's
content. An Ant passed by, bearing along with great effort an ear of corn he was taking to the nest.
"Why not come and chat with me," said the Grasshopper, "instead of toiling and moiling away?" "I
am helping to lay up food for the winter," said the Ant, "and recommend you to do the same." "Why
bother about winter?" said the Grasshopper; "we have got plenty of food at present."
But the Ant went on its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper found itself
dying of hunger, while it saw the ants distributing, every day, corn and grain from the stores they had
collected in the summer.
Then the Grasshopper knew...
MORAL: WORK TODAY AND YOU CAN REAP THE BENEFITS TOMORROW!

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 14. Three Sons and a Bundle of Sticks

Once upon a time, an old man lived with his three sons in a village. All his three sons were hard
workers. Still, none of them agreed with each other and quarrelled all the time. The old man tried a lot
to unite them but he failed. While the villagers were surprised at their hard work and efforts, they also
made fun of them on their fights.

Months passed by and the old man fell sick. He talked to his sons to stay united, but none of his
sons heard his words. So, he decided to teach them a practical lesson so that they would shed off their
differences and stay united.

The old man called as his sons. He told them, ‘I will give you a bundle of sticks. Separate each stick
and you will have to break each stick into pieces of two. The one who breaks the sticks quickly will be
rewarded more. All sons agreed.

The old man gave a bundle of 10 sticks to everyone of them and asked to break it into pieces. All
the sons broke the sticks into pieces in minutes. And again they started to quarrel among themselves as
who came first.

The old man said, ‘Dear sons, the game is not over. Now I will give another bundle of sticks to all
of you. You will have to break the sticks as a bundle, not as separate sticks.’
The sons agreed and began to break the bundle of sticks. Unfortunately, they could not break
the bundle. They tried very hard but failed to complete the task. All sons said to the father about their
failure.
The old man replied, ‘Dear sons, See! You could easily break the single sticks into pieces, but
you were not able to break the bundle! The sticks were same. So, if you stay united, nobody can make
any harm to you. If you quarrel every time with your brothers, anyone can easily defeat you. I request
you to stay united.’

The three sons understood the power of unity and promised their father that whatever be the problem,
they would all stay together.
Moral: Unity is Strength!
15. A Glass of Milk
There was a poor boy who made a living with selling various objects door to door, to pay for his
school. He was very hungry and felt he couldn’t walk even a few steps. He decided to ask for food at a
house. He knocked the door and was stunned to see a beautiful young girl at the door step. With so
much hesitation, in spite of his hunger, he asked the girl to offer a glass of water.
The young girl understood his hunger through his eyes and offered him milk in a huge glass. With
astonished look, he drank the milk very slowly. And asked how much I owe you for this milk?
The girl replied ‘I don’t accept anything for kindness.’ With big smile in his face, the boy thanked the girl
from the bottom of his heart and left the place.
Years passed by. The young girl fell ill and was diagnosed with the rarest kind of nervous
condition, which was a complicated condition to treat. While many experienced doctors baffled at her
condition, she was taken to a big hospital to study about her condition.
Dr. Kevin, a renowned specialist was called in by the hospital to examine her. He gave a visit to the
hospital where she was admitted to learn about the rare condition. As he entered her room, Dr. Kevin
immediately identified who that woman was!

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 With all his efforts and knowledge, Dr.Kevin battled hardly with the disease for weeks and
months. At last, he won over the disease and the woman was completely cured. Everyone praised the
doctor, while the woman was quite afraid about the hospital bill as she could not afford to pay.
Dr. Kevin asked the hospital to send the bill to him as he would add his charges. After receiving
the hospital bill, he wrote a note and sent it to her. With lots of fear, she opened the bill and had no idea
how much she was charged. Her eyes filled with tears and happiness once she opened the bill. She
found the bill cancelled and that was not the reason for her happiness. She saw the note written by
Dr.Kevin - “Bill Paid years ago with a glass of milk!”

16. The Lion and the Mouse

Once when a lion, the king of the jungle, was asleep, a little mouse began running up and down
on him. This soon awakened the lion, who placed his huge paw on the mouse, and opened his big jaws
to swallow him.
"Pardon, O King!" cried the little Mouse, "Forgive me this time. I shall never repeat it and I shall
never forget your kindness. And who knows, I may be able to do you a good turn one of these days!”
The Lion was so tickled by the idea of the mouse being able to help him that he lifted his paw and let
him go.
Sometime later, a few hunters captured the lion, and tied him to a tree. After that they went in
search of a wagon, to take him to the zoo.
Just then the little mouse happened to pass by. On seeing the lion’s plight, he ran up to him and
gnawed away the ropes that bound him, the king of the jungle.
"Was I not right?" said the little mouse, very happy to help the lion.
MORAL: Small acts of kindness will be rewarded greatly.

17. Mike(A Boy)

Mike was an 11 years old boy. He was the only son to his parent. His father worked as a
carpenter and his mother was a home maker. Although Mike’s family wasn’t a rich one, they lead a
happy life.
Mike’s school was located a mile away from his home. Mike’s birthday was coming up in a
week. He requested his father to buy him a bicycle, so that he can go to school in cycle and not by walk
and depend on his father to drop him at school. His father also promised him to buy a bicycle so that he
need not walk to school anymore. Mike felt so happy.
The birthday boy woke up happily with his mother and father wishing him with all smiles on his
birthday. Mike was feeling very happy and expects that his father would gift him the bicycle. He had a
beautiful gift wrapped nicely in his father’s hand and surprised. The father gifted him the parcel and
Mike saw a set of books as the birthday gift from his father. Although he was a little unhappy as he did
not receive the bicycle, he thanked his father.
Mike’s father was depressed as he did not have enough money to buy a cycle. He promised to
his son that he would soon buy him a cycle.
After a week, when he was walking on his way to his home back from school, he saw a boy riding a cycle.
Mike felt that the cycle was too small for the big boy. Suddenly, the boy crashed into a post and skidded
in the street. Mike rushed to him and recognized him. He was his school mate, named Sam.
Sam was injured badly and there was no one near to help him except Mike. Mike helped him
stand up and provided him water. Since Sam was riding the cycle faster, his left leg and hands were
severely injured. He asked him to sit in a corner and took the cycle and rushed to a nearby hospital to
get help.
An ambulance came and carried Sam to the hospital. He then rushed to Sam’s home and
informed about the accident to his parent.

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Sam and his parent thanked Mike for the timely help. Mike in turn thanked, ‘It was all possible just I had
Sam’s cycle.’ Mike also told Sam’s parent, ‘cycle is too small for Sam to ride and that’s why he was
injured.’ Sam and Mike became close friends. Mike met Sam every day in hospital until he was
discharged.
Sam got a new cycle and he came to know that Mike doesn’t own a cycle. He gave his old cycle
to Mike and with Mike’s parent permission, Mike accepted the gift from Sam.
Moral- One deserves from another for their wellness

18. The Monkey & the Crocodile

It was a beautiful lake surrounded by lush green grasses, beautiful trees, mountains and sweetest,
tastiest jamun trees. There lived a monkey on one of the jamun trees located near the lake.
The lake also had a few crocodiles. There was one crocodile that used to collect the jamun fruits
from the lake that fall from the tree.
As the crocodile visits the jamun trees every day, it became friends with Monkey. Crocodile and monkey
met every day. The monkey helped crocodile by providing more and fresh jamun fruits from the tree.
Their relationship continued and they became close pals.
One day, the monkey asked the crocodile to give some jamun fruits to his wife and family as the fruits
were more delicious. The crocodile agreed and took a lot of jamun fruits to his wife.

His wife was so happy and surprised that she never ate so delicious fruits, so far. She inquired her
husband, where he got those fruits. The crocodile told her, his friend, monkey who lives in a Jamun tree
gave these for him.
The wife crocodile made a plan in her mind. She asked her husband, ‘Does your friend eat these
fruits every day?’ The crocodile replied yes. She added, ‘Oh my goodness. These are the sweetest fruits
we ever ate. Imagine how delicious the monkey’s heart would be if he eat these fruits daily! I need the
heart of your friend. Can you please bring it for me?’
The crocodile was shocked to hear it from his wife. He replied, ‘But he is my close friend. I can’t do
this to him.’
The wife crocodile told him, ‘don’t worry. You bring him here. I will then take care! Or else, you
may try to push him down into the water if he doesn’t know swimming!’
After a long time, the crocodile agreed to bring monkey to his wife.
The very next day, crocodile invited monkey to join them for lunch and asked for his favorite foods.
Monkey happily agreed to be the guest and but worried that the monkey did not know how to swim in
the lake.
Crocodile on thinking about monkey’s sorrow, pleased monkey and told him, ‘Don’t worry. I will
carry you on my back and will take you back safely too!’
The monkey accepted and crocodile rode him to his home on his back on the water. As they reached
half way, the crocodile tried to push monkey down into the water. However, monkey held the crocodile
tightly and did not fall. Monkey got suspicious about crocodile’s act and asked him to tell the truth.
Since crocodile believed him as his good friend, he told about the conversation and the fight his
wife had with him and he was taking monkey to eat his heart!
The intelligent monkey said, ‘Oh my dear friend, you should have told me this earlier. I left my
heart on one of the branches of the tree as I won’t carry it if I travel long. If you take me back, I can give
you my heart.’
Crocodile accepted and rode the monkey back to the lake. As they reached the tree where the
monkey lived, the monkey climbed quickly and escaped from the crocodile.
He shouted at crocodile, ‘I thought you as a good friend, but you cheated me. I will never come
back and never be your friend.’

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 The crocodile understood his mistake and returned back home empty handed, losing a good
friend indeed.

19.Golden Windows
Little Molly lived in a small beautiful town. Her tiny house is constructed on the banks of a
beautiful river, near the mountain. She was the only daughter for her parent. Although they weren’t
very rich, they lived happily.
Her house was surrounded by huge trees and beautiful plants. It was a single bedded house,
made of woods. Molly did not like her house very much. She felt that the house was too small and not
very neat. Little molly was very fond of the mountain. The steep and sloppy mountain had a beautiful
but abandoned castle like home with golden windows.
Yes, she liked the home on top of the mountain because of the glittering golden windows. The
windows sparkled and glazed so beautifully that little Molly was completely mesmerized.
She went crazy for that the glittering golden windows and she started to hate her home more.
However, little Molly was so sweet and she understood the struggles her family undergoing. So she
accepted everything silently. Still her desire went on growing.
Years passed by and she grew up quickly. She became 12 years and looked very beautifully like
a golden princess. She believed that she is supposed to live in a house with golden windows, not in an
old wood house.
As she grown older, her mom allowed her to move around her house. It was holidays for Molly
and she requested her mom that she wanted to wander in the garden near the river. Her mom also
agreed and told her not to go so far.
Molly decided to climb the mountain and peek into the house with the golden windows.
She took her bicycle and started her journey towards reaching the top of mountain. She found a narrow
road in the mountain towards the abandoned home in the mountain. With so many struggles, she
reached the top of the mountain.
She was so shocked to see the dirtiest house, in fact the damaged castle with dark windows.
What she used to see from her home wasn’t there in the mountain. Yes, the golden windows she saw
from the lap of the mountain were in fact the reflection of the dark and dirty windows.
She was very upset and sat quietly for some time as she lost words. Her desire got vanished.
Suddenly, she looked at her home. A window in her was shining like gold. She realized that the sun rays
reflecting in the water makes the window glows.
The truth was she lived in her dream home, the home with beautiful golden windows. She
realized it too late. What she dreamt for years just vanished away.
Moral-So understand that all glitters are not gold!

20. The Story of Thumbelina

Once upon a time, a simple and kind hearted woman lived carrying one desire in her mind. She had only
one simple dream. Her dream was to have a baby girl. Days and months pass by, but her dream did not
come true. Her desire to have a little girl grows stronger and stronger.

One day to make her dream come true, she visited a witch. She expressed her desire to have a baby
girl. The witch offered a magic barley grain and asked her to plant it.

The Birth of Thumbelina

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 Although the woman wasn’t happy, she had a hope and planted the magic grain in a flower pot. To
her surprise, the very next day, the magic barley grew into a beautiful big flower bud, which appeared
like a Tulip!
Mesmerized by the beauty of the flower, she softly and gently kissed the bud. Since it was a magic
flower, it blossomed instantly with her kiss on the bud. The woman was greatly surprised as inside the
flower sat a tiny and cute little girl, who looked as small as a thumb. The woman named her
Thumbelina!

Thumbelina’s life
She became the part of the woman’s life. The woman provided Thumbelina everything she needed.
She used walnut shell as her bed, petals of violet flower as her mattress and petals of beautiful roses as
her blanket.
Thumbelina played in the petal boat of the tulip and floated on a plate of water. She used two
horse hairs as oars to sail around the lake. She had a beautiful voice. She played, floated, rowed the boat
and sailed around by singing and singing and singing beautifully!

Thumbelina snatched by a cunning frog

After playing for long time, Thumbelina fell asleep in her walnut shell. As she was sleeping, a huge
frog looked at sleeping Thumbelina in the shell through the window. The frog simply gazed at her
stunned at her beauty. She thought that Thumbelina would be the right girl for her son and picked her,
ran away with her.
Unfortunately, no one noticed Thumbelina snatched by a frog. The large frog carried her to the
pond where her family lives. She introduced the beautiful Thumbelina to her ugly and fatty son, who
was a momma’s boy. Even the ugly son pleased when he saw her. However, both the mom and son
frogs were frightened that the beautiful prisoner may escape from them. Rather than let her ran away
from their custody, she put Thumbelina in a water lily and put the lily into the middle of the pond.
Mom and son were happy that Thumbelina won’t be able to escape from there. In the meanwhile they
both started preparing for the marriage.

How Thumbelina escaped from the trap?

The bitter talks of two frogs were heard by two minnows that were playing in the pond. They
decided to help Thumbelina escape from the trap. The minnows, with the help of a butterfly pushed the
lily. The leaf with lily floated far away from the pond and Thumbelina escaped.

Thumbelina encountered many problems

Although Thumbelina escaped from the frogs, she was soon captured by a beetle. However, very
soon the beetle freed Thumbelina as she appeared very different.
The summer approached and Thumbelina wandered in grass lands and across the flowers. She
hardly found good food to eat. She ate pollen as her meals and dew as her drink. Soon, the rainy season
appeared. It made the places nasty. The little girl struggled too hard to find good shelter. Even though
she recovered from the heavy water drops of rainy season, the winter made her struggle even more.
The winter was terrible and she could not find food.
While she was roaming on the meadows, a big spider offered her help to provide food and shelter.
The spider took her to a hollow tree and fed her with chestnuts. When the spider called his family to
meet his new friend, the beautiful Thumbelina, others discriminated her as she looked different. She
cried loudly and left spider’s home.
Again, she wandered on the cold meadows. She saw a little cottage made of wood and leaves.
Thumbelina decided to request help and knocked the door of the little cottage. It was a house of a

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mouse. The mouse was amazed at the beauty of Thumbelina. She requested him to help her and offer
her shelter. The field mouse asked her to stay with him as long as she wishes.
One day, the field mouse brought a friend, a rich mole. Field mouse asked Thumbelina to sing a song
and she sang so beautifully and the mouse and the mole were well impressed by her singing. The field
mouse ordered Thumbelina to marry the mole as he was very rich. The mouse was so cruel to her and
she decided to run away from him. The mole planned for their marriage in the summer.
After a few days, she nursed a swallow bird and gave her food every day. They became closer and
the swallow bird shared her story. During the onset of spring, the swallow was completely cured and
decided to fly away.
She offered Thumbelina to join her. She made every possible attempt to escape from the mole
marrying her. She was thinking and horrified how she going live in a tunnel with mole for the whole life!
Just before a day of her wedding, the swallow asked her to join and spend a day in the sky! Without a
second thought, Thumbelina grabbed the finger of the bird. The bird carried Thumbelina over the hills,
meadows, plains, and until they reach the flower country.
The country was full of colorful flowers. The swallow gently placed her on a beautiful flower, where
she met the king of flower fairies. The king was impressed by her beauty, asked her to marry him and
she instantly said YES! She became the queen of flowers.
They lived happily ever after!

21.The Cunning Fox and the Clever Stork

Once upon a time, there lived a very cunning and mischievous fox. He used to speak to other
animals sweetly and gain their trust, before playing tricks on them.
One day the fox met a stork. He befriended the stork and acted like a very good friend. Soon, he
invited the stork to have a feast with him. The stork happily accepted the invitation.
The day of the feast came, and the stork went to the fox’s house. To her surprise and
disappointment, the fox said that he could not make a big feast as promised, and just offered some
soup. When he brought the soup out of the kitchen, the stork saw that it was in a shallow bowl!
The poor stork could not have any soup with its long bill, but the fox easily licked the soup from
the plate. As the stork just touched the soup with the tip of its bill, the fox asked her, “How is the soup?
Don’t you like it?”
The hungry stork replied, “Oh it is good, but my stomach is upset, and I can’t take any more soup!”
“I’m sorry for troubling you,” said the fox.
The stork replied, “Oh dear, please don’t say sorry. I have some health problem and cannot enjoy
what you offer.”
She left the place after thanking the fox, and inviting him to her house for dinner.
The day arrived and the fox reached the stork’s place. After exchanging pleasantries, the stork
served soup for both of them, in a narrow jar with a long neck. She was able to have the soup very easily
with her long bill, but the fox obviously could not.
After finishing hers, the stork asked the fox if he was enjoying the soup. The fox remembered
the feast he himself had given the stork, and felt very ashamed. He stammered, “I…I’d better leave now.
I have a tummy ache.”
Humiliated, he left the place running.
Moral: One bad turn begets another

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 22. A Hole in the Fence
In a small village, a little boy lived with his father and mother. He was the only son. The parents of
the little boy were very depressed due to his bad temper. The boy used to get angry very soon and taunt
others with his words. His bad temper made him use words that hurt others. He scolded kids,
neighbours and even his friends due to anger. His friends and neighbours avoided him, and his parents
were really worried about him.
His mother and father advised him many times to control his anger and develop kindness.
Unfortunately, all their attempts failed. Finally, the boy’s father came up with an idea.
One day, his father gave him a huge bag of nails. He asked his son to hammer one nail to the fence
every time he became angry and lost his temper. The little boy found it amusing and accepted the task.
Every time he lost his temper, he ran to the fence and hammered a nail. His anger drove him to
hammer nails on the fence 30 times on the first day! After the next few days, the number of nails
hammered on the fence was reduced to half. The little boy found it very difficult to hammer the nails
and decided to control his temper.
Gradually, the number of nails hammered to the fence was reduced and the day arrived when no
nail was hammered! The boy did not lose his temper at all that day. For the next several days, he did not
lose his temper, and so did not hammer any nail.
Now, his father told him to remove the nails each time the boy controlled his anger. Several days passed
and the boy was able to pull out most of the nails from the fence. However, there remained a few nails
that he could not pull out.
The boy told his father about it. The father appreciated him and asked him pointing to a hole,
“What do you see there?”
The boy replied, “a hole in the fence!”
He told the boy, “The nails were your bad temper and they were hammered on people. You can
remove the nails but the holes in the fence will remain. The fence will never look the same. It has scars
all over. Some nails cannot even be pulled out. You can stab a man with a knife, and say sorry later, but
the wound will remain there forever. Your bad temper and angry words were like that! Words are more
painful than physical abuse! Use words for good purposes. Use them to grow relationships. Use them to
show the love and kindness in your heart!”
Moral – Unkind words cause lasting damage: Let our words be kind and sweet.

23. Proud Red Rose

One beautiful spring day a red rose blossomed in a forest. Many kinds of trees and plants grew
there. As the rose looked around, a pine tree nearby said, “What a beautiful flower. I wish I was that
lovely.” Another tree said, “Dear pine, do not be sad, we cannot have everything.”
The rose turned its head and remarked, “It seems that I am the most beautiful plant in this
forest.” A sunflower raised its yellow head and asked, “Why do you say that? In this forest there are
many beautiful plants. You are just one of them.” The red rose replied, “I see everyone looking at me
and admiring me.” Then the rose looked at a cactus and said, “Look at that ugly plant full of thorns!” The
pine tree said, “Red rose, what kind of talk is this? Who can say what beauty is? You have thorns too.”

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 The proud red rose looked angrily at the pine and said, “I thought you had good taste! You do
not know what beauty is at all. You cannot compare my thorns to that of the cactus.”
“What a proud flower”, thought the trees.
The rose tried to move its roots away from the cactus, but it could not move. As the days
passed, the red rose would look at the cactus and say insulting things, like: This plant is useless? How
sorry I am to be his neighbor.
The cactus never got upset and he even tried to advise the rose, saying, “God did not create any
form of life without a purpose.”
Spring passed, and the weather became very warm. Life became difficult in the forest, as the
plants and animals needed water and no rain fell. The red rose began to wilt. One day the rose saw
sparrows stick their beaks into the cactus and then fly away. This was puzzling, and the red rose asked
the pine tree what the birds were doing. The pine tree explained that the birds got water from the
cactus. “Does it not hurt when they make holes?” asked the rose.
“Yes, but the cactus does not like to see any birds suffer,” replied the pine.
The rose opened its eyes in wonder and said, “The cactus has water?”
‘’Yes you can also drink from it. The sparrow can bring water to you if you ask the cactus for help.”
Moral - The red rose felt too ashamed of its past words and behavior to ask for water from the cactus,
but then it finally did ask the cactus for help. The cactus kindly agreed and the birds filled their beaks
with water and watered the rose’s roots. Thus the rose learned a lesson and never judged anyone by
their appearance again

24. Gold Coins and a Selfish Man

Sam was a greedy and a selfish man. He always desired to have lots and lots of money and never
hesitated to cheat others to make money. Also, he never wished to share anything with others. He was
so selfish that he would like to own everything for himself.
The selfish man used to calculate each and every small aspect. He paid very little amount of
wages to his servants. Where ever he went, he calculated a lot to save money by deceiving others. He
also told a lot of lies to protect his wealth. Simply, Sam was the antonym for the word; HONESTY.
However, he was taught a nice lesson by his own act.
One day, he missed a small bag, which contained 50 gold coins. He was searching for the bag of
gold coins, day and night. He sent his workers in search of the bag, but none could find it. He told his
friends and neighbors that he had lost a bag of gold coins and requested them to inform him, if they
found it. Sam was so sad that he had lost so many gold coins.
After a couple of days, a ten year old girl, who lived near Sam’s house, told her father that she
had found a small bag and that it had 50 gold coins. Her father worked in Sam’s land and he told his
daughter that the bag belonged to his master. He had lost it two days ago, and added that he would
return the bag to his master.
They weren’t very rich, and the father could have easily retained the gold coins, and hide the fact
of finding the bag. He was so honest that he felt that he should return the valuable coins to his master,
as he was the rightful owner.
He gave the bag back to his master Sam, and asked him to check whether the bag had 50 gold
coins. Sam who was literally happy to get the coins, decided to play a trick. He shouted at his worker,

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‘there were 75 gold coins in this bag and you gave me only 50! Where are the other coins? You have
stolen them!’
The worker was shocked to hear this, and he pleaded to his master that he gave whatever his
daughter had found. Selfish and greedy, Sam did not accept the worker’s story, and decided to take the
issue to court.
The judge heard both the sides. He questioned the daughter and the worker about the number
of coins they had found in the bag, and they assured it was only 50.
He cross-examined Sam and Sam replied, ‘Yes m’lord, I had 75 gold coins in my bag, and they
gave me only 50. Hence, it is quite obvious that they have stolen the balance 25 coins!’
Judge then asked, ‘Are you sure you that your bag had 75 coins?’ and Sam nodded his head in
acceptance.
The judge then made his judgment, ‘Since Sam lost a bag of 75 gold coins and the bag found by
the girl had only 50 coins, it is obvious that the bag found, didn’t belong to Sam, and it was lost by
someone else. In addition, if anyone found a bag of 75 gold coins, I will declare that it belongs to Sam. As
there are no claims against the loss of 50 coins, I order the girl and his father to take those 50 coins as a
token of appreciation for their honesty!’
MORAL-Honesty will always be rewarded and greediness punished!

25. Precious Coin and Generosity

Mahatma Gandhi was on an expedition to collect funds from various cities and villages for Charkha
Sangh. He went to several palaces and reached Orissa. He had organised a meeting in Orissa.
He requested to offer funds for the Sangh and gave a speech. After the speech, a very old woman
with bent back, faltered clothing, white hair, dry and shrunk skin got up. She was trying to reach the
stage and requested the volunteers to allow her to reach Gandhi Ji. However, the volunteers stopped
her, yet she fought with them and reached Gandhi Ji.
She touched the feet of Gandhi Ji. Then she took out a copper coin kept in her folds of saree and
placed the copper coin at his feet. The old lady left the stage.
Gandhi Ji very carefully took the coin and placed it safely. The in-charge of the Sangh asked Gandhi Ji
for the copper coins, but he refused to give it.
“I keep cheques worth thousands of rupees for the Charkha Sangh,” the in-charge said laughingly
“yet you won’t trust me with a copper coin.”
Gandhi Ji said, “This copper coin is worth much more than those thousands” Gandhi Ji said. “If a
man has several lakhs and he gives away a thousand or two, it doesn’t mean much.”
Yes, the coin was just the only thing that the poor old woman possessed. She did not even have proper
clothes and seemed that she could not afford for good food, still gave everything she had. It was the
greatest offer ever made. That is why Mahatma held the coin very preciously.
Moral - We may have tons of wealth, but that doesn’t make us generous. Offering helping hand when
we have nothing or very little wealth makes it more valuable.

26. Deaf and Dumb

The child who is possessed of the five senses, seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and speech, and has
a well-formed body, is greatly blessed, though lowly and poor, whether he knows it or not. To be a

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cripple is an affliction; to inherit a sickly body is a serious barrier to enjoyment. Then how thankful
children should be who have sound bodies and all their faculties! Imagine a watch or a sewing-machine
with one or more parts missing! There are so few cases among the Latter-day Saints of .physical or
mental deficiency that our children cannot realize how it is out in the world. If we placed a proper value
upon these gifts of God, we would never use them unwisely.
We would not lend our eyes to gaze upon forbidden pleasures (gambling, horse-racing, evil
company) or books, such as by false teaching or fascinating stories lead the mind astray; our ears to
listen to calumnies, profanity, or impure conversation; our. Tongues to speak falsely, or taste
intoxicating drinks, or tobacco, or in saying anything we should be ashamed of.
In resisting these temptations lies the chief trial of life. "What!" asks one, "do the chief evils of life
come through the use of eyes, ears, and tongue ? I thought it was what we did." Yes, but your eyes,
ears, and tongue lead you into the acts. The souls of the blind are unsullied by sights of sin. The hearts of
the deaf have never ached in response to angry tones. The tongues of the dumb have never uttered
profanity.
When I have heard and seen children quarreling, with discordant voices, and darting angry looks as
challenges or resentment, I have wished that I might take them to an institution where the deaf, dumb,
and blind reside. I think their hearts would be touched with pity and sorrow.
Look upon the eyes that have never seen one of the millions of beautiful things in this world, the
ears that have never heard music or a loving voice that exist in eternal blank. Think of the tongues like
frozen brooks, fettered prisoners that cannot utter one sound, though in peril or the pains of death. Try
to realize such a life as this would be, or all of these combined, and then ask yourself if God has slighted
you.
But the fortunate possessor of all these gifts must not be too sure that they are his, or his to keep ;
they are not; God has lent them to us, and requires us to make a wise use of them.
Some have kept these blessings all their lives, but I have known of instances to the contrary. In two
cases, where falsehood and abuse had been exercised, the parties were for several days before death
unable to speak. Tears and anguish of the countenance told plainly of the soul's punishment, but the
words of repentance could not then be spoken ; it was too late ! There have been many instances of
God's visitation and judgment. O children of the Latter-day Saints, you have been taught of the watch
that is over you by day and by night! Shun such dangers, and live in such a manner that you may feel a
right to claim the blessing and protection of the heavenly Parent.

27. Friends
Bunny rabbit lived in the forest. He had many friends. He was proud of his friends. One day Bunny
rabbit heard the loud barking of the wild dogs. He was very scared. He decided to ask for help. He
quickly went to his friend deer. He said: “Dear friend, some wild dogs are chasing me. Can you chase
them away with your sharp antlers?” Dear said: “That is right, I can. But now I am busy. Why don’t you
ask bear for help?”
Bunny rabbit ran to the bear. “My dear friend you are very strong, please help me. Some wild dogs
are after me. Please chase them away,” he requested the bear. Bear replied: “I am sorry. I am hungry
and tired. I need to find some food. Please ask the monkey for help”.
Poor Bunny went to the monkey, elephant, goat and all his friends. Bunny felt sad that nobody was
ready to help him.

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 He understood that he has to think of a way out. He hid under a bush. He lay still the wild dogs went
their way.
28. Foolish Monkeys
Before several centuries, there was a very large, dense and dark forest. A group of monkeys
arrived at the forest. It was winter season, and the monkeys struggled hard to survive the freezing cold
nights. They were hunting for fire to get warm.
One night, they saw a firefly and considered it a dab of fire. All the monkeys in the group shouted
‘Fire, Fire, Fire, Yeah we got fire!’
A couple of monkeys tried to catch the firefly and it escaped. They were sad as they could not catch
the fire. They were talking to themselves that they couldn’t live in the cold if they didn’t get the fire.
The next night, again they saw many fireflies. After several attempts, the monkeys caught a few
fireflies. They put the fireflies in a hole dug in the land and tried to blow the flies.
They blew the flies very hard without knowing the fact that they were flies!
An owl was watching the activities of the monkeys. The owl reached the monkeys and told them,
‘Hey those are not fire! They are flies. You won’t be able to make fire from it!’
The monkeys laughed at the owl. One monkey replied the owl, ‘Hey old owl you don’t know
anything about how to make fire. Don’t disturb us!’
The Owl warned the monkeys again and asked them to stop their foolish act. ‘Monkeys, you cannot
make fire from the flies! Please hear my words.’
The monkeys tried to make fire from the flies.
The Owl told them again to stop their foolish act. ‘You are struggling so much, go take your shelter in a
nearby cave. You can save yourself from the freezing cold! You won’t get fire!’
One monkey shouted at the owl and the owl left the place.

The monkeys were simply doing the foolish activity for several hours and it was almost midnight.
They were very tired and realized that the words of the owl were correct and they were trying to blow a
fly.
They sheltered themselves at the cave and escaped from the cold.
MORAL- We may go wrong many times and should seek and accept the advice/ suggestions provided
by others.

29. EXCESS OF ANYTHING IS BAD

Once upon a time there was a pasture near the edge of a forest. Shepherds of the nearby villages
came there with their flocks. While the flocks grazed, the shepherds spent their time playing various
games.
At the end of the pasture, there was a big tree having a big hollow but with a narrow opening to get
in. the shepherds used to put their lunch packets in that hollow. In the afternoon, they took them out
and enjoyed their mid-day meals together.
One day a hungry fox happened to come that way. He got the flavour of lunch packets and followed
it to reach the hollow. His belly was sunk inside due to hunger. So, he was able to get inside the hollow
without much difficulty.
He ate up the contents of all the lunch packets. His belly puffed up on both sides and he was not able
to come out of the hollow. Soon the shepherds came there for their lunch packets. They found the fox
there and gave him a sound beating.

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Moral- Excess of anything is bad.

30. The Secret of Happiness

Once upon a time, there were three brothers named Samuel, Timothy and Xander, who lived in a
cottage by the woods. They were honest and hardworking. Every day, they would venture into the
forest to fell wood. Later, they would sell it in the market where it would fetch a decent price. Thus,
their life continued in this manner. However, the brothers were always sad and morose. Even though
they lived a good life, they were unhappy. Each one hankered for something or the other and would
pine for it.
One day, while Samuel, Timothy and Xander were returning home from the woods carrying their
bundle of logs, they saw an old haggard woman bent low with a sack on her back. As they were kind and
compassionate, the brothers immediately approached the poor woman and offered to carry the sack all
the way to her home. She smiled and expressed her gratefulness, while replying that the sack actually
contained apples that she had collected in the forest. Samuel, Timothy and Xander took turns in carrying
the sack, and at last, when they reached the woman’s home, they were very tired indeed.
Now, this old woman was no ordinary person and had magical powers. Pleased with the brothers’
kind and selfless nature, she asked them whether there was anything she could help them with, as a
reward.
“We are not happy, and that has become our greatest cause of concern,” replied Samuel. The
woman asked what would make them happy. Each brother spoke of a different thing that would please
him.
“A splendid mansion with plenty of servants would make me happy. There is nothing more that I
would want,” said Samuel. “A big farm with lots of harvest would make me happy. Then I could be rich
without having to worry,” said Timothy. “A beautiful wife would make me happy. Every day, after
returning home, her sweet little face would light me up and make me forget my sorrows,” said Xander.
“That is fine,” said the old woman, “If these things will give you happiness, you deserve them in
every respect for helping a poor helpless person like me. Go home, and each of you shall find exactly
what you have wished for.”
This took the brothers by surprise as they did not know about the woman’s powers. Nevertheless,
they took leave and returned home. But lo behold, beside their cottage, there was a huge mansion with
a doorman and other servants waiting outside! They greeted Samuel and ushered him in. At some
distance, a yellow farmland showed itself. A ploughman came and announced that it belonged to
Timothy. Timothy gasped. Just at that moment, a beautiful maiden approached Xander and coyly said
that she was his wife. The brothers were beside themselves with joy at this new turn of events. They
thanked their lucky stars and adapted to their new lifestyles.
The days passed and soon a year was over. The situation was however, now different for Samuel,
Timothy and Xander. Samuel had grown tired of owning the mansion. He became lazy and did not
supervise his servants into taking proper care of the mansion. Timothy, who had built a decent house
next to his farmland, found it burdensome to plough the fields and sow seeds from time to time. Xander
too, grew used to his beautiful wife and no longer found any joy in keeping her company. In short, all of
them were unhappy again. One day, the three of them met up and decided to visit the old woman at her
home. “That woman has magical powers which turned our dreams into reality. However, since we are
no longer happy, we must go and seek her help now. It is she who will be able to tell us the secret to
attaining happiness,” said Samuel. When they came to the old woman, she was cooking stew in a pot.
Greeting her, each of the brothers recounted how he had turned unhappy again. “Please tell us how we
can once more be happy,” said Timothy.
“Well,” replied the old woman. “It is all in your own hands. See, when each of you made his wish
and it was granted, you were happy. However, happiness never lasts without a very important thing –

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content. Earlier, since you were happy but never really content or satisfied, boredom and misery
overcame you and you became sad again. Only if you learn to be content, can you truly enjoy the bliss of
happiness.”
Samuel, Timothy and Xander realized
realized their mistake and went back home. They saw how lucky they
were to have the gifts for which they had once craved. Samuel felt grateful for being the owner of a
mansion and began taking good care of it. Timothy began to plough his land diligently so as to have a
good harvest in time. Xander too learnt to appreciate his pretty wife’s chores in the house and her
devotion towards him. Remembering that happiness and content went side by side, never again did the
brothers take their blessings for granted. And thus, they lived happily ever after.

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