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Unit - 6

Servlets are Java programs that run on a web server and dynamically generate web pages. They have several advantages including better performance through multithreading, portability through the Java language, and robustness through JVM management. The lifecycle of a servlet involves loading, instantiation, initialization, servicing requests, and destruction. JSPs simplify web development by separating design from logic through use of HTML tags and JSP tags. JDBC provides a standard Java API for connecting to databases and executing SQL statements. Connecting to a database using JDBC involves registering the driver, creating a connection, creating statements, executing queries, and closing the connection.

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54 views

Unit - 6

Servlets are Java programs that run on a web server and dynamically generate web pages. They have several advantages including better performance through multithreading, portability through the Java language, and robustness through JVM management. The lifecycle of a servlet involves loading, instantiation, initialization, servicing requests, and destruction. JSPs simplify web development by separating design from logic through use of HTML tags and JSP tags. JDBC provides a standard Java API for connecting to databases and executing SQL statements. Connecting to a database using JDBC involves registering the driver, creating a connection, creating statements, executing queries, and closing the connection.

Uploaded by

Walter
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Servlet

 Servlet is a Java program that can perform dynamic


operations and send it to the web server. The web
server then sends this response to the web client.
Advantages of Servlet

 Better performance: because it creates a thread for


each request, not process.
 Portability: because it uses Java language.
 Robust: JVM manages Servlets, so we don't need to
worry about the memory leak, garbage collection, etc.
 Secure: because it uses java language.
Life Cycle of a Servlet
 The web container maintains the life cycle of a servlet
instance. Life cycle of the servlet is given below:
1. Servlet class is loaded.
2. Servlet instance is created.
3. init method is invoked.
4. service method is invoked.
5. destroy method is invoked.
As displayed in the above diagram,
there are three states of a servlet: new,
ready and end. The servlet is in new
state if servlet instance is created. After
invoking the init() method, Servlet
comes in the ready state. In the ready
state, servlet performs all the tasks.
When the web container invokes the
destroy() method, it shifts to the end
state.
1) Servlet class is loaded
 The classloader is responsible to load the servlet class. The
servlet class is loaded when the first request for the servlet
is received by the web container.
2) Servlet instance is created
 The web container creates the instance of a servlet after
loading the servlet class. The servlet instance is created
only once in the servlet life cycle.
3) init method is invoked
 The web container calls the init method only once after
creating the servlet instance. The init method is used to
initialize the servlet. It is the life cycle method of the
javax.servlet.Servlet interface.
 Syntax:
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException
4) service method is invoked
 The web container calls the service method each time when
request for the servlet is received. If servlet is not initialized,
it follows the first three steps as described above then calls
the service method. If servlet is initialized, it calls the service
method. Notice that servlet is initialized only once.
Syntax:
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException

5) destroy method is invoked


 The web container calls the destroy method before removing
the servlet instance from the service. It gives the servlet an
opportunity to clean up any resource for example memory,
thread etc.
Syntax:
public void destroy()
Example of Servlet:
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;

public class HelloServlet extends GenericServlet {

public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)


throws ServletException, IOException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("<B>Hello!");
pw.close();
}
}
Fig servlet architecture
JSP(Java server page)
 JSP technology is used to create dynamic web
application. It executes in server side. A JSP page
consists of HTML tags and JSP tags. The JSP pages are
easier to maintain because we can separate designing
and development.
Creating a simple JSP Page

<html>
<body>
<% out.print("welcome to jsp"); %>
</body>
</html>

Output:
Welcome to jsp
<html>
<body>
<%
out.print(2*5);
%>
</body>
</html>

Output:
10
Add two number
<html>
<head><title>Sum of two number</title></head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="addition.jsp">
<br>First NO <input type="text" name="no1" value="">
<br>Second NO <input type=”text” name="no2" value="">
<br><input type="submit" value="Add" name="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head><title>Sum of two number</title></head>
<body>
Sum of number <br>
<%
int x,y;
x=Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("no1"));
y=Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("no2"));
out.print(x+y);
%>
</body>
</html>
JSP implicit objects
 There are 9 jsp implicit objects. These objects
are created by the web container that are available to all
the jsp pages.The JSP container automatically
instantiates these object while writing the script
content
Types of JSP implicit objects:
There are 9 jsp implicit objects which are given below.
1) JSP out implicit object
 For writing any data to the buffer, JSP provides an
implicit object named out. It is the object of
JspWriter.
 Example of out implicit object
<html>
<body>
<% out.print("welcome to nepal"); %> </body>
</html>
2) JSP request implicit object
 The JSP request is an implicit object of type HttpServletRequest i.e.
created for each jsp request by the web container. It can be used to get
request information such as parameter, header information, remote
address, server name, server port, content type, character encoding etc.
 It can also be used to set, get and remove attributes from the jsp request
scope.
 Example of JSP request implicit object
request.html
<form action=“request.jsp">
<input type="text" name="uname">
<input type="submit" value="go"><br>
</form>
request.jsp
<%
String name=request.getParameter("uname");
out.print("welcome "+name);
%>
3) JSP response implicit object
 In JSP, response is an implicit object of type
HttpServletResponse. The instance of HttpServletResponse
is created by the web container for each jsp request.
 It can be used to add or manipulate response such as
redirect response to another resource, send error etc.
 Example of response implicit object
index.html
<form action=“response.jsp">
<input type="text" name="uname">
<input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
</form>
response.jsp
<%
response.sendRedirect("http://www.google.com");
%>
4) JSP config implicit object
 A config object is a configuration object of a servlet
that is mainly used to access and receive configuration
information such as servlet context, servlet name,
configuration parameters, etc. It uses various methods
used to fetch configuration information.
5) JSP application implicit object
 An application object is another implicit object
implemented to initialize application-wide parameters
and maintain functional data throughout the JSP
application.
6) session implicit object
 A session object is the most commonly used implicit object
implemented to store user data to make it available on
other JSP pages until the user's session is active.
 The session implicit object is an instance of
a javax.servlet.http.HttpSession interface.
 This session object has different session methods to
manage data within the session scope.
7) pageContext implicit object
 In JSP, pageContext is an implicit object of type
PageContext class.The pageContext object can be used to
set,get or remove attribute from one of the following
scopes:
 request
 session
 application
8) Page implicit object
 A page object is an implicit object that is referenced to the
current instance of the servlet. You can use it instead.
Covering it specifically is hardly ever used and not a
valuable implicit object while building a JSP application.
9) exception implicit object
 An exception implicit object is implemented to handle
exceptions to display error messages.
 The exception implicit object is an instance of
the java.lang.Throwable class.
 It is only available for JSP pages, with the isErrorPage value
set as "True". This means Exception objects can only be
used in error pages.
Java JDBC
 JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. JDBC is a
Java API to connect and execute the query with the
database. It is a part of JavaSE (Java Standard Edition).
JDBC API uses JDBC drivers to connect with the
database.
Java Database Connectivity with 5 Steps
 There are 5 steps to connect any java application with
the database using JDBC. These steps are as follows:
1) Register the Driver class
2) Create connection
3) Create statement
4) Execute queries
5) Close connection
1) Register the driver class
 The forName() method of Class is used to register
the driver class. This method is used to dynamically
load the driver class.
Syntax of forName() method
 public static void forName(String className)throws ClassNotFoundException

Example to register the mysql Driver class


 Here, Java program is loading mysql driver to establish
database connection.
 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
2) Create the connection object
 The getConnection() method of DriverManager class
is used to establish connection with the database.
Syntax of getConnection() method
1) public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException
2) public static Connection getConnection(String url,St
ring name,String password) throws SQLException
Example to establish connection with the mysql
database
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test","root",“ ");
//here test is database name, root is username and pass
word
3) Create the Statement object
 The createStatement() method of Connection
interface is used to create statement. The object of
statement is responsible to execute queries with the
database.
Syntax of createStatement() method is:
 public Statement createStatement()throws SQLExcept
ion
Example to create the statement object is:
 Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
4) Execute the query
 The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is
used to execute queries to the database. This method
returns the object of ResultSet that can be used to get
all the records of a table.
Syntax of executeQuery() method
 public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws SQL
Exception
Example to execute query
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
}
5) Close the connection object
 By closing connection object statement and ResultSet
will be closed automatically. The close() method of
Connection interface is used to close the connection.
Syntax of close() method
 public void close()throws SQLException
Example to close connection
 con.close();
Example to Connect Java Application with mysql database
 In this example, test is the database name, root is the username and password
both.

import java.sql.*;
class MysqlCon{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
//here test is database name, root is username and password
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next())
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getString(3));
con.close();
}catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
}
}
*********THE END********

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