KHAN G. S.

RESEARCH CENTRE 1

(Chemistry)
 (Core Electron)
 (Valency)–

Core Electron  Valence Electron

 (Valence Electron) Case I– 1, 2, 3, 4

=
13
Al  2, 8, 3 = 3)
Mg  2, 8, 2 = 2)
Note :- 1 8 12
Na  2, 8, 1 = 1)
Remark:- 8 11
Case II– 5, 6, 7, 8
=8–
e–
8
O  2, 6 = 8 – 6 = 2)
10
Ne  2, 8 = 8 – 8 = 0)
17
Cl  2, 8, 7 = 8 – 7 = 1)

e e
e– = 3, e– = 10 6C 2, 4 2 4 4
12 mg 2,8, 2 2 2 2
10 Ne 2,8 2 8 0

8O 2, 6 2 6 2
e– s p– 17 Cl 2,8, 7 2, 7 1
Group–A 
8O  1s , 2s , 2p (Group–A)
2 2 4

11Na  1s , 2s , 2p 3s (Group–A)
2 2 6 1
–
e d f–
Group–B
26Fe  [Ar] 4s 3d (Group-B)
2 6

 Valence shell or Altimate shell 8

O  2, 6
8
O–2  2, 8
Na  2, 8, 1
 Penultimate Shell 11
11
Na+  2, 8
 Anti-Penultimate shell 

(i)
(ii)

17
Cl  2, 8, 7
17
Cl–  2, 8, 8
11
Na  2, 8, 1
11
Na+  2, 8

Mob. : 8877918018, 8757354880 [By - Khan SIR ]

KHAN G. S. RESEARCH CENTRE 2
ClO4– = Perchlorate
H+1 H–1 ClO3– = Chlorate
Li+1 F–1 ClO2– = Chlorite
ClO– = Hypo chlorite
Na+1 Cl–1
Cl– = Chloride
K+1 I–1
Ag+1 Br–1 Na + + ClO4– = NaClO4
NH4+1 OH–1 Na + + ClO3– = NaClO3
Cu+1 CN–1 Na + + ClO2– = NaClO2
Zn+2 HCO3–1 Na+ + ClO– = NaClO (
Be+2 NO2–1 Na+ + Cl = NaCl (
Mg+2 NHO3–1
Ca+2 CH3COO–1
BrO4– 
Cu+2 O–2 BrO3– 
Fe+2 S–2 BrO2– 
Sn+2 SO3–2 BrO– =
Hg+2 SO4–2 Br– =
Mn+2 SiO3–2
Ag + BrO4–  AgBrO4 = Silverper bromate
Co+2 CO3–2
Fe+3 CrO4–2 Ag + BrO3–  AgBrO3 = Silver bromate
Cu+3 N–3 Ag + BrO2–  AgBrO2 = Silver bromite
Hg+3 P–3 Ag+ + BrO– = AgBrO = Silver hipo bromite
Al+3 PO3–1 Ag+ + Br–1 = AgBr = Silver bromide
Cr+3 PO4–3 IO4 
Pb+4
IO3 
Sn+4
Example IO2 
1. Na+ + SO3–2 = Na2SO3 ( ) IO– 
2. Ag+ + NO3– = AgNO3 I
3. Zn+2 + SO4–2 = ZnSO4 K+ + IO4 = KIO4 =
4. Fe+2 + SO4–2 = FeSO4
K+ + IO3 = KIO3 =
5. Fe+3 + SO4–2 = Fe2(SO4)3
6. Al+3 + SO4–2 = Al2(SO4)3 K+ + Io 2 = KIO2 =
7. Ag+ + SO4–2 = Ag2SO4 K+ + IO– = KIO =
8. Na+ + CO3– = Na2CO3 K+ + I– = KI =
9. Na+ + O–2 = Na2O CO32  (Carbonate)
10. Na+ + HCO3– = NaHCO3
HCO31  (Bicarbonate)
11. Cu+ + SO4–2 = Cu2SO4
12. Cu+2 + SO4–2 = CuSO4 Na   CO3–2  Na 2CO3 
13. CuSO4.5H2O = Na   HCO3  NaHCO3
14. Ca+2 + CO3–2 = CaCO3
Ca 2  SO 4–2  CaSO4
15. K+ + MnO4– = KMnO4
CaSO4.2H2O 
16. H+ + O2–2 = H2O2
 (Redieal)– 1
CaSO4 . H2O 
2
Cu  SO4  CuSO4 
2

Na+ + I  NaI
Zn2  SO42  ZnSO4 
Ag+ + I  AgI
Ag+ + Br  AgBr Fe2  SO4–2  FeSO4 
Cu+2 + O–2  Cu2O2  Cuo Cu 3  SO42  Cu 2  SO4 3
Ag+ + No3–  AgNo3
Fe3  SO42  Fe2  SO4 3
Mob. : 8877918018, 8757354880 [By - Khan SIR ]