File No.

SAM/22-A/023/2021-22

DRAFT ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT

AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
ESTABLISHMENT OF 220 KLPD DISTILLERY UNIT TO
MANUFACTURE RS/ETHANOL AND TO INSTALL CAPTIVE
POWER PLANT OF 10 MW CAPACITY
[Project or Activity of Schedule 5(g) & 1(d) under Category ‘A’]

By

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd.

Dasoha Nilaya, Bijapur Road,
Muddebihal Taluk,
Bijapur District, Karnataka.

Consultant

SAMRAKSHAN
F-4, I Floor, Swastik Manandi Arcade, S C Road,
Sheshadripuram, Bangalore - 560020.
www.samrakshan.co.in
NABET SL NO. NABET/EIA/1992/IA0051

Submitted to
Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
“Parisara Bhavan”, #49, Church Street, Bangalore - 560001

Study Period: October 2021, November 2021, December 2021

May2022
 No.IA-J-11011/394/2021-IA-II(I)
Goverment of India
Minister of Enviroment,Forest and Climate Change
Impact Assessment Division
***

Indira Paryavaran Bhavan,

Vayu Wing,3rd Floor,Aliganj,
Jor Bagh Road,New Delhi-110003
22 Oct 2021

To,

M/s M/S. NADAHALLI ETHANOL & ALLIED INDUSTRIES LTD.

Dasoha Nilaya, Bijapur Road, Muddebihal Taluk, Bijapur District,
Bijapur-586116
Karnataka

Tel.No.-; Email:[email protected]

Sir/Madam,

This has reference to the proposal submitted in the Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change to prescribe the Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking detailed EIA
study for the purpose of obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of
the EIA Notification, 2006. For this purpose, the proponent had submitted online information in the
prescribed format (Form-1 ) along with a Pre-feasibility Report. The details of the proposal are
given below:

1. Proposal No.: IA/KA/IND2/230639/2021

Proposed establishment of distillery unit of 220

KLPD capacity, to produce 220 KLPD ethanol
using sugarcane syrup and 120 KLPD ethanol
2. Name of the Proposal:
using grains and generate 10 MW captive
power plant by M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied
Industries Ltd.

3. Category of the Proposal: Industrial Projects - 2

4. Project/Activity applied for: 5(g) Distilleries

5. Date of submission for TOR: 20 Oct 2021

In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard TOR
for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment
management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed with public consultation
as follows:
 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

5(g): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR
DISTILLERIES AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP
REPORT
A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE
1) Executive Summary
2) Introduction
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation
ii. Information about the project proponent
iii. Importance and benefits of the project
3) Project Description
i. Cost of project and time of completion.
ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project.
iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land
is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.
iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation.
v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities
vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management.
vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram,
man-power requirement (regular and contract)
viii. Process description along with major equipments and machineries, process flow sheet
(quantative) from raw material to products to be provided
ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems.
x. Expansion/modernization proposals:
a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for
the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the
latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests
as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated
in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In
addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing Iexisting operation
of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.
b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not
taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and

Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and
CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance
report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted.
4) Site Details
i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification
for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered.
ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale
on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places)
iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site.
v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site.
vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant
area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout
of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate.
vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show
photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular.
viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/
private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not
required for industrial area)
ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall be
incorporated. Land use details of the study area
x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included.
xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km
radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence
frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the
project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field
projects)
xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process
and expected time of complete possession of the land.
xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy
5) Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable):
i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and
recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable)
 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating
the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)
iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest
status shall be submitted.
iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,
Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly
authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location
and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon
v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State
Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area
vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the
Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife
6) Environmental Status
i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micro-
meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction
and rainfall.
ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other
parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based
CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone
and sensitive receptors including reserved forests.
iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the
NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for
each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure
to the EIA Report.
iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point)
and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.
v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if
yes give details.
vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included.
vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area.
viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines.
ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials,
additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc.
x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area
shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I
fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and
furnished.
xi. Socio-economic status of the study area.
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

7) Impact and Environment Management Plan

i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on
site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the
AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for
determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources
of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of
the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality
contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation
nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.
ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body
iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment
shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and
finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-
cum-rail transport shall be examined.
iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused
for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics
of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P)
Rules.
v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards.
vi. Measures for fugitive emission control
vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies
of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be
included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover
techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.
viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed
plan of action shall be provided.
ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than
1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall
be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening
of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.
x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest
rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to
use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water
requirement from other sources.
xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures
shall be included.
xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted.
 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management
Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be
linked with District Disaster Management Plan.
8) Occupational health
i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casual
workers
ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being
evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far
& Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and
periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed
data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department
wise.
iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards
and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL,
what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers
can be preserved,
iv. Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and
Safety.
9) Corporate Environment Policy
i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of
Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring
into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /
conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA.
iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the
environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance
conditions? Details of this system may be given.
iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non compliances / violations of environmental
norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at
large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report
10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the
labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during
operation phase.
11) Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise
Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be

elaborated upon.
12) Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law
against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice
under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water
Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case.
13) 'A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR.

B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIASTUDIES FOR

DISTILLERIES
1. List of existing distillery units in the study area along with their capacity and sourcing of raw
material.
2. Number of working days of the distillery unit.
3. Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains, their source with availability.
4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler.
5. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard.
6. Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 KL/KL of alcohol produced.
7. Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses/grain based distillery (spent wash, spent lees,
condensate and utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge
(ZLD).
8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production.
9. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank, material used, design consideration. No. of
peizometers to be proposed around spent wash holding tank.
10. Action plan to control ground water pollution.
11. Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of
incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal.
12. Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable).
13. Action plan to control odour pollution.
14. Arrangements for installation of continuous online monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device)

***
 File No. SAM/22-A/023/2021-22

DRAFT ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT

AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
ESTABLISHMENT OF 220 KLPD DISTILLERY UNIT TO
MANUFACTURE RS/ETHANOL AND TO INSTALL CAPTIVE
POWER PLANT OF 10 MW CAPACITY
[Project or Activity of Schedule 5(g) & 1(d) under Category ‘A’]

By

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd.

Dasoha Nilaya, Bijapur Road,
Muddebihal Taluk,
Bijapur District, Karnataka.

Consultant

SAMRAKSHAN
F-4, I Floor, Swastik Manandi Arcade, S C Road,
Sheshadripuram, Bangalore - 560020.
www.samrakshan.co.in
NABET SL NO. NABET/EIA/1992/IA0051

Submitted to
Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
“Parisara Bhavan”, #49, Church Street, Bangalore - 560001

Study Period: October 2021, November 2021, December 2021

May2022
 INDEX
Sl. No Particulars Pg Nos
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 – 29
1.1 Preamble 2
1.2 Purpose of the report 2
1.3 Identification of the project & project proponent 3
1.3.1 Identification of the project 3
1.3.2 Project proponent 3
1.4 Brief description of nature, size, location of the project and 4
its importance to the country, region
1.4.1 Nature and size of the project 4
1.4.2 Location of the project site 4
1.4.3 Project importance to the country and region 12
1.5 Scope of study – Details of regulatory scoping carried out 14
(as per Terms of Reference)
1.5.1 Scope of study 14
1.5.2 Methodology of the study 14
1.5.3 Compliance to Terms of Reference 16
1.5.4 Generic structure of EIA report 28
CHAPTER 2 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 30 – 59
2.1 Type of the project 31
2.2 Need of the project 31
2.3 Location of the project 33
2.4 Size or magnitude of operation (including associated 33
activities required by or for the project)
2.4.1 Magnitude of operation 33
2.4.2 Land details 34
2.4.3 Capital investment 35
2.4.4 Manpower requirement 35
2.4.5 Power requirement 36
2.5 Proposed schedule for approval & implementation 36
2.6 Technology and process description 37
2.6.1 Requirement of raw material for distillery 37
2.6.2.1 Products storage facility 39
2.7 Project description including drawings showing project 39
layout, components of project giving information important
for EIA purpose
2.7.1 Project description 39
2.7.2 Plant and machineries 39
2.7.3 Project layout 40
2.7.4 Components of project giving information important for EIA 40
purpose
2.7.5 Typical manufacturing process 42
2.8 Mitigation measures incorporated into the project to meet 47
Environmental Standards, Environmental Operating
conditions, or other EIA requirements
2.8.1 Water environment and management 47
 2.8.1.1 Water demand and wastewater/effluent discharge 47
2.8.1.2 Water requirement for sugar plant 47
2.8.1.3 Waste water (Industrial and sewage) Treatment facilities 52
2.8.1.3.1 Industrial effluents – Sugarcane syrup/juice-based distillery 52
unit
2.8.1.3.2 Industrial effluents – grain-based distillery unit 52
2.8.1.3.3 Industrial effluents – lean effluents 52
2.8.1.4 Domestic sewage 52
2.8.1.5 Characteristics of effluents 53
2.8.1.6 Effluent treatment plant and PCTP details 54
2.8.1.7 Online monitoring of effluents 56
2.8.2 Air pollution sources & control measures 56
2.8.3 Noise generation and its management 57
2.8.4 Solid waste generation and its management 58
2.8.5 Hazardous waste generation and management 58
2.9 Assessment of new & untested technology for the risk of 59
technological failure
CHAPTER 3 – DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 60 – 414
3.0 Introduction 61
3.1 Study area, period, components & methodology 61
3.1.1 Study area 61
3.1.2 Study period 61
3.1.3 Environmental components 62
3.1.3.1 Meteorological of the study area 62
3.1.3.2 Air environment 62
3.1.3.3 Noise environment 62
3.1.3.4 Water environment 63
3.1.3.5 Land environment 63
3.1.3.6 Socio-economic environment 63
3.1.3.7 Ecology and bio-diversity 63
3.1.3.8 Soil environment 63
3.1.4 Methodology 63
3.2 Establishment of baseline for relevant environmental 64
components
3.2.1 Meteorological data 64
3.2.2 Baseline monitoring 66
3.2.2.1 Locations for proposed data collection 66
3.2.2.2 Parameters identified and sampling frequency for different 67
environmental components
3.2.2.2.1 Wind rose diagram 69
3.2.3 Ambient air quality at the project site and other locations 70
3.2.3.1 Air quality inference 78
3.3 Noise environment 79
3.3.1 Noise observations 81
3.4 Traffic study – transportation due to the proposed project 81
3.5 Water environment 82
3.5.1 Reconnaissance survey 82
3.5.2 Surface water 82
 3.5.2.1 Observations of surface water quality 85
3.5.3 Ground water 85
3.5.3.1 Observations of ground water quality 89
3.6 Soil environment 89
3.7 Geology, hydrology and hydrogeology 93
3.7.1 Land environment 93
3.7.1.1 Topography 93
3.7.1.2 Drainage 95
3.7.1.3 Geomorphology 96
3.7.2 Soils 96
3.8 Geology 96
3.8.1 Regional geology 96
3.8.2 Local geology 96
3.9 Seismic Zones 97
3.10 Water environment 98
3.11 Climate and rainfall 98
3.12 Hydrogeology 99
3.12.1 Regional hydrogeology 99
3.12.2 Local hydrogeology 99
3.12.3 Groundwater resource 100
3.13 Impact assessment 101
3.14 Environmental management 103
3.14.1 Construction phase 104
3.14.2 Operation phase 104
3.14.2.1 Groundwater management 104
3.15 Rain water management 104
3.15.1 Runoff potential 104
3.15.2 Rooftop rain water harvesting 106
3.15.3 Stormwater harvesting 106
3.16 Environmental monitoring and reporting procedure 107
3.16.1 Groundwater monitoring 107
3.17 Ecology and biodiversity 108
3.17.1 Methodology 108
3.17.2 Assessment of flora 109
3.17.3 Assessment of fauna 114
3.17.4 Measures 119
3.18 Socio economic environment 120
3.18.1 Methodology 120
3.18.1.1 Aim and objectives 120
3.18.2 Demographic detail of study area 122
3.18.3 Basarkod population – Bijapur, Karnataka 122
3.18.4 Rudagi population – Bijapur, Karnataka 123
3.18.5 Gonal population – Bijapur, Karnataka 124
3.18.6 Bidarkundi population – Bijapur, Karnataka 125
3.18.7 Gundakarjagi population – Bijapur, Karnataka 126
3.18.8 Jettagi population – Bijapur, Karnataka 127
3.18.9 Chalami population – Bijapur, Karnataka 128
3.18.10 Dhavalagi population, Bijapur, Karnataka 129
3.18.11 Siddapur P Talikoti population 130
3.19 Field survey and observations 133
3.20 Brief description of nature of product 134
3.20.1 Impact of existing ethanol pricing mechanism 136
3.20.2 Trade benefit 139
3.21 Economic impact 140
3.21.1 Employment potential – skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled 140
3.21.2 Health & wellbeing impacts 14
3.21.3 Public infrastructure & services 140
CHAPTER 4 – ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL 142 - 179
IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.0 Details of investigated environmental impacts due to
project location, possible accidents, project design, project
construction, regular operations, final decommissioning or 143
rehabilitation of completed project.
4.1 Environmental impacts due to project location, possible 143
accidents, project design
4.1.1 Introduction 143
4.1.2 Identification & characterization of impacts 143
4.1.3 Criteria for determining significance of impact 144
4.1.4 Impact due to project location 145
4.2 Characteristics of environmental impacts during the 148
construction phase and operation phase
4.2.1 Construction phase 148
4.2.2 Project design 149
4.2.3 Project construction 149
4.3 Air pollution 157
4.3.1 Model input data 157
4.3.2 Presentation of results 157
4.4 Traffic management 161
4.4.1 Impact of transportation due to the proposed project 162
4.4.2 Inference of traffic impact 163
4.5 Land use and land cover 163
4.5.1 Introduction 163
4.5.2 Methodology 164
4.5.3 Results and discussion 165
4.6 Land use land cover classification 165
4.6.1 Tree outside forest 166
4.6.2 Agriculture / agriculture plantation 166
4.6.3 Open / agriculture fallow / barren land 166
4.6.4 Built-up 166
4.6.5 Water body 166
4.7 Assessment of impacts and measures 167
4.8 Operation phase 170
4.9 Summary of impacts 178
4.10 Project decommissioning 179
CHAPTER 5 – ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 180 - 182
5.0 Technology – alternatives 181
 5.1 Site – alternatives 181
CHAPTER 6 – ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 183 – 195
PROGRAM
6.0 Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of 184
mitigation measures (including measurement
methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis,
reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed
budget & procurement schedules)
6.1 Purpose of environmental monitoring 184
6.2 Applicable environmental and other related regulatory 185
framework
6.3 Measurement methodology and frequency 185
6.3.1 Online monitoring 189
6.4 Other environment related monitoring 190
6.5 Monitoring and management of hazardous wastes 191
6.6 Reporting & documentation 191
6.7 Environmental management cell 191
6.7.1 Activities and responsibilities of EMC 192
6.8 Budget for monitoring and procurement schedule 193
6.9 Greenbelt development 194
6.10 Emergency preparedness and response structure 194
6.10.1 Structure of onsite emergency preparedness and response 195
6.10.2 Emergency organization structure 195
CHAPTER 7 – ADDITIONAL STUDIES 196 - 225
7.0 Public consultation 197
7.1 Risk assessment 197
7.1.1 Introduction 197
7.1.2 Methodology 197
7.2 Scenarios considered for hazard identification 198
7.3 Risk rating matrix 198
7.3.1 Classification of risks 200
7.4 Maximum credible accident analysis 206
7.5 Severity mapping 207
7.5.1 Proposed storage tanks 208
7.5.2 Aloha simulation analysis 208
7.5.2.1 Severity mapping – Ethanol 208
7.5.2.2 Summary of MCA analysis 210
7.5.3 Inference 211
7.6 Risk mitigation measures 211
7.6.1 Safety measures for transportation, storage & handling of 211
chemicals
7.6.2 Safety measures for process units 211
7.6.3 Safety measures to prevent spillage / leakages of toxic 212
chemicals
7.6.4 General safety measures/precautions 212
7.6.6 Specific recommendations based on hazard and severity 213
mapping for hazardous raw materials
7.6.6.1 Mechanical and equipment integrity 213
7.6.6.2 Management approach 213
7.7 Disaster management plan 214
7.7.1 Definitions 214
7.7.2 Objectives of disaster management plan 215
7.7.3 Types of emergencies 215
7.7.4 Emergency organogram 215
7.7.5 Authorities and responsibilities of members of emergency 216
management team
7.7.5.1 Site controller 216
7.7.5.2 Incident controller 217
7.7.5.3 Emergency coordinator (Services & communication) 217
7.7.5.4 Emergency coordinator (First aid and medical 217
management)
7.7.5.5 Emergency coordinator (Security and supply) 218
7.7.5.6 Emergency coordinator (Utility & maintenance) 218
7.7.5.7 Safety squad 218
7.7.5.8 Accounting of personnel 218
7.7.6 Other requirements of emergency management plan 219
7.7.6.1 Access to records 219
7.7.6.2 Public relations 219
7.7.6.3 Rehabilitation 219
7.7.6.4 Shut-down procedures 219
7.7.6.5 Rehearsing emergency procedures (Mock drills) 219
7.7.6.6 Technical protective measures 220
7.7.6.7 Prevention of human and organizational errors 220
7.7.6.8 Mitigation of consequences 220
7.7.6.9 Appraisal and updating 221
7.7.7 Off-site emergency plan 221
7.7.7.1 General 221
7.7.7.2 Role of the factory management 221
7.7.7.3 Role of local authority 222
7.7.7.4 Role of fire authority 222
7.7.7.5 Role of police 222
7.7.7.6 Role of health authorities 222
7.7.7.7 Role of the “Mutual Aid” agencies 222
7.7.7.8 Role of the factory inspectorate 222
7.7.7.9 Occupational health and safety 223
7.7.7.10 Occupational health & safety precautions 223
7.7.7.11 Frequency & parameters of health check-up 224
7.8 Social impact assessment, R&R action plans 224
7.8.1 Social impact assessment 224
7.8.2 R & R action plans 225
CHAPTER 8 – PROJECT BENEFITS 226 – 228
8.0 General 227
8.1 Improvements in the physical infrastructure 227
8.2 Employment potential – skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled 227
8.3 Other tangible benefits including corporate environment 227
responsibility of the company
 8.4 Corporate environment responsibility 228
CHAPTER 9 – ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT 229 - 230
ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 10 – ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 230 - 244
10.0 Introduction 231
10.1 Objectives of environmental management plan 232
10.2 Environmental management cell 233
10.3 EMP for construction stage 235
10.3.1 Responsibilities environmental management cells during 235
construction
10.3.2 Environmental monitoring during construction 235
10.4 EMP for operation phase 235
10.4.1 Air environment 236
10.4.2 Water environment 236
10.4.3 Solid waste management 237
10.4.4 Land management 237
10.4.5 Noise management 237
10.4.6 Socio-economic environment 238
10.4.7 Green environment 238
10.5 Environmental monitoring schedule 240
10.6 EMP implementation schedule 241
10.6.1 Budget for EMP 241
10.7 Health and safety policy and environment policy 242
10.7.1 Environmental policy 243
10.7.3 Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health 244
& safety of all contract and casual workers
CHAPTER 11 – SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 245 -248
11.0 Summary and conclusion 246
CHAPTER 12 – DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS 249 - 251
ENGAGED
12.0 Names of the consultants engaged with their brief resume 249
& nature of consultancy rendered
12.1 Declaration for involvement in EIA study 249

LIST OF TABLES
Sl. No Particulars Pg Nos
1.0 Products details 3
1.1 Terms of reference and compliances 16
2.0 Environmental settings around site 33
2.1 Magnitude operation 34
2.2 Details of by products 34
2.3 Land use pattern 34
2.4 Cost of the project 35
2.5 Manpower requirement 35
2.6 Power generation during season and off season and its 36
requirement
2.7 Time schedule for implementation 36
 2.8 Raw material requirements 37
2.9 Fuel requirement of distillery unit & mode of transportation 38
2.10 Details of steam requirement for distillery 38
2.11 Storage capacity for products 39
2.12 List of equipments proposed to be installed 40
2.13 Components of project giving information important for EIA 40
purpose
2.14 Total water requirement to the distillery unit 48
2.15 The quantity of wastewater generation 48
2.16 Details of online monitoring system 56
2.17 Air pollution sources, fuel consumption and chimney height 56
details
2.18 Solid waste generation and disposal details 58
2.19 Hazardous waste management 58
3.1 Ambient air quality analysis (IS: 5182 (Part 14)) 62
3.2 Meteorological data of Vijayapura for the year 2020 64
3.3 Mixing height at study area 65
3.4 Locations for baseline monitoring, parameters to be 66
monitored
3.5 Locations of ambient air quality monitoring stations 67
3.6 Description of wind speed and direction of the study area 70
3.7 Air quality data analysis at all locations 70
3.8 Average, maximum, minimum and 98th percentile values of 77
AAQM and comparison with NAAQ standards
3.9 Location of noise monitoring sampling stations 79
3.10 Noise quality data analysis at all the locations – December 81
2021
3.11 Limits as per Environmental Protection Rules, 1986 81
3.12 Location of surface water monitoring sampling stations 82
3.13 Surface water quality results – December 2021 84
3.14 Surface water quality standards 85
3.15 Location of ground water monitoring sampling stations 86
3.16 Ground water quality 88
3.17 Location of soil monitoring sampling stations 89
3.18 Physico-chemical characteristics of soil – December 2021 91
3.19 Inference of soil quality 92
3.20 Ground water resources of Bijapur District and Muddebihal 100
Tehsil
3.21 Muddebihal Taluk headquarters rain gauge station 105
3.22 Environmental monitoring plan during operation 107
3.23 List of flora recorded in the study area 111
3.24 List of fauna recorded in the study region 115
3.25 Feedstock cost and ethanol yield and purchase price of 135
ethanol
4.1 Matrix for identification and rating of impacts 144
4.2 Criteria for rating scale, severity, probability and duration 144
4.3 Environmental impacts and mitigation measures due to 146
project location
 4.4 Potential accident & mitigation measure during 148
construction phase
4.5 Environmental impacts & mitigations during construction 150
phase
4.6 Characteristics of environmental impacts during 154
construction phase
4.7 Data considered for calculation of GLC 157
4.8 Predicted maximum (10 km radius) incremental 158
concentrations from proposed point source
4.9 Resultant maximum 24 hourly concentrations 160
4.10 Transport facilities to project site 161
4.11 Traffic density due to the industry 163
4.12 Land use/land cover classes in 10km area around the 166
project site
4.13 Environmental impacts & mitigations during operation 172
phase
4.14 Characteristics of environmental impact matrix 178
6.0 Environmental attributes frequency and parameters 186
6.1 Test procedure and the budget 188
6.2 Locations where online monitoring required 189
6.3 Other environmental related monitoring 190
6.4 Budget for monitoring and procurement 193
7.1 Risk rating matrix 198
7.2 Risk classification 200
7.3 Criteria for risk rating for severity and probability 201
7.4 Bagasse yard: used to storage of bagasse 201
7.5 Risk associated with boiler operation & mitigation 202
measures
7.6 Risk associated with turbine operation and mitigation 203
measure
7.7 Risk associated with compressors operation and mitigation 203
measure
7.8 List of products & by products proposed to be stored 204
7.9 Hazard identification and risk assessment 205
7.10 Details of storage capacity 208
7.11 Health check-up parameters 224
10.0 List of tree species proposed 239
10.1 Implementation schedule for EMP 241

LIST OF FIGURES
Sl. No Particulars Pg Nos
1.0 General location of the project site 5
1.1 Google map showing site boundary of M/s. Nadahalli 6
Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd.,
1.2 Google image of project site covering 5 km radius 7
1.3 Google image of project site covering 10 km radius 8
1.4 Project site photographs 9
1.5 Topo map of project site covering 10 km radius from 10
project site
1.6 Layout plan of the project site 11
1.7 Flow chart for the EIA study 15
2.0 Schematic representation of distillery and captive system 44
2.1 Process flow chart for grain based distillery 46
2.2 Distillery mass/water balance – 220 KLPD sugarcane 50
syrup based
2.3 Distillery mass/water balance – 120 KLPD grains based 51
2.4 Schematic representation PCTP flow chart for industrial 55
effluents
3.1 Location of ambient air quality monitoring sampling stations 68
3.2 Baseline ambient air quality monitoring photographs 69
3.3 Wind rose diagram of study area 70
3.4 Location of noise monitoring sampling stations 80
3.5 Baseline noise monitoring photographs 80
3.6 Location of surface water sampling stations 83
3.7 Surface water sampling photographs 83
3.8 Location of ground water sampling locations 86
3.9 Ground water sampling photographs 87
3.10 Location of soil monitoring sampling stations 90
3.11 Topography buffer zone area of project site 94
3.12 Drainage and waterbodies within buffer zone area of 95
project site
3.13 Hydrogeology of Bijapur District, Karnataka state 97
3.14 Seismic zones of India 98
3.15 Families with five or more species recorded in the study 111
area
3.16 Species categorization in the study area 111
4.1 Predicted GLC value - PM 158
4.2 Predicted GLC value – Sulphur Dioxide 159
4.3 Predicted GLC value – Oxides of Nitrogen 159
4.4 Wind rose diagram 160
4.5 Satellite image of project site in 10 km radius 168
4.6 Drainage pattern, road network, contour layers & 169
settlements in 10 km radius around project site
4.7 Land use land cover map of project site in 10 km radius 170
6.1 Environmental management cell 192
7.0 Emergency operational flow chart 216
10.0 EMC organogram 234
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd.

Abbreviations
AG Above Ground
AAQ Ambient Air Quality
BDL Below Detective Level
BG Below Ground
BMSW Bio-methanated spent wash
BOD Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CFE/CTE Consent for Establishment
CER Corporate Environment Responsibility
DG Diesel Generator
DMP Disaster Management Plan
ETP Effluent Treatment Plant
EC Environment Clearance
EMP Environment Management Plan
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
HSD High Speed Diesel
KSPCB Karnataka State Central Pollution Control Board
KLD /KLPD Kilo Liters per Day
Km Kilo Meters
KVA Kilo-Volt-Ampere
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MW Mega watt
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MoEF & CC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
MEE Multiple Effective Evaporator
NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training
NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality
NFPA National Fire Protection Agency
PM Particulate Matter
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PESO Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization
PFR Pre-feasibility report
R&D Research and Development
RF Reserve Forest
R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation
RO Reverse Osmosis
RG Risk Group
SQM/Sq.m Square meter
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd.

ToR Terms of Reference

TPH Ton per Hour
ZLD Zero Liquid Discharge

ii
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 Preamble
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol and Allied Industries Limited, is a public limited company with
its office registered at Dasoha Nilaya, Bijapur Road, Muddebihal Taluk, Bijapur
District, Karnataka. The company is registered under Ministry of Corporate Affairs
under Registrar of Companies, Karnataka, India on 28.08.2020.

Shri Bharat Aminappagouda Patil is appointed as the Managing Director of M/s.

Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd.,

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol and Allied Industries Limited proposed to establish distillery
unit at Survey No. 229/1, 230 Basarkod village, Muddebihal Taluk, Bijapur District,
Karnataka. Total land area of the proposed project site is 39.11 acres land owned by
the company. The estimated capital cost for the proposed project is Rs. 180 Crores.
The proposed activity configuration is as under;

• Sugarcane syrup production plant of capacity 3000 TCD

• Distillery using Sugarcane syrup as raw material to produce Rectified Spirit
(RS)and Ethanol of capacity 220 KLPD
• Captive power plant of capacity 10 MW.
OR
• Grain based distillery with production capacity 120 KLPD capacity using grain
as raw material to produce Ethanol during off season and
• Captive power plant of capacity 4 MW.

1.2 Purpose of the Report

The proposed project activity falls under serial no. 5 (g) and 1(d) of the schedule viz.,
Distilleries and Thermal Power Plants of EIA Notification 2006 respectively. Since,
the proposed project is not in designated industrial area, it falls under Category ‘A’.

Accordingly, application for Environmental Clearance (EC) was made annexed with
a Pre-feasibility Report to Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEF & CC), Government of India, Impact Assessment Division, New Delhi vide
proposal no. IA/KA/IND2/230639/2021 on 20.10.2021.

In response, the MoEF & CC issued Standard Terms of Reference (ToR) vide file
No. IA-J-11011/394/2021-IA-II(I) dated 22.10.2021 for the purpose of carrying out
EIA study and to prepare the EIA report along with Environment Management Plan
(EMP) to obtain prior Environmental Clearance (EC) undergoing Public Hearing.

2
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Baseline data is carried out during post monsoon season October, November,
December 2021.

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd., has engaged SAMRAKSHAN,
Bangalore as its EIA consultant accredited under NABET QCI vide No.
NABET/EIA/1922/SA 0138 for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and to
prepare EIA /EMP report, for proposed project.

Accordingly, this EIA/EMP study report has been prepared to assess the
environmental impacts during construction and operation phase of the proposed
establishment of the project.

1.3 Identification of the Project & Project Proponent

1.3.1 Identification of the Project
This is a greenfield project for establishment of sugarcane crushing plant of capacity
3000 TCD to produce sugarcane syrup.

It is a large-scale plant falling under Red Category as per industrial activities

classified by CPCB/KSPCB. List of production activities proposed are given Table
1.0;
Table 1.0 Products details
Total
Sl. During
Description During off
No. sugarcane
season
crushing
1 Sugarcane crushing to
3000 TCD -
produce sugarcane syrup
2 Co-generation power
10 MW 4 MW
plant
3 Distillery plant to produce 220 KLD using 120 KLPD
Ethanol sugarcane syrup using grains
4 CO2 166 TPD 90.60 TPD

1.3.2 Project Proponent

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol and Allied Industries Limited, is a public limited company.

The group has been striking the balance between reimagining & advancing
industrialization and improving people's lives across Karnataka state. Nadahalli
Group, constantly work to make the future a reality by staying connected to roots of
rich resources and combining integrity, creativity, and smart innovation with the
utmost consideration for people and the local communities around and valued
customers and the country at large.

3
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Directors of Nadahalli Ethanol and Allied Industries Limited Are

1. Mr. A S Patil
2. Ms. Mahadevi Aminappagowda Patil
3. Mr. Bharat Aminappa Gouda Patil
4. Mr. Sharat Aminappa Gouda Patil
5. Mr. Vinay Bafna
6. Mr. Siddanagoud Patil

Shri Bharat Aminappagouda Patil is the Managing Director of M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol
& Allied Industries Ltd., and authorized signatory for the proposed project.

Under the visionary of Founder Mr. Aminappagouda Sanganagouda Patil (Nadahalli)

Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA), Karnataka is the guiding force behind the
company.

1.4 Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of the Project and its importance
to the Country, Region
1.4.1 Nature and Size of the project
The proposed project is establishment of sugarcane syrup producing plant of 3000
TCD, Distillery unit of 220 KLPD capacity to produce RS/Ethanol and to install a
captive power plant 10 MW. The same distillery unit and captive power plant is
proposed to be operated at 120 KLPD capacity using grain as raw material to
produce RS /Ethanol and to generate 4 MW captive power respectively during off
season. The estimated capital cost for the proposed project is Rs. 180 Crores.

It is a large-scale plant falling under Red Category as per industrial activities

classified by CPCB/KSPCB.

The other directors have different interests in various businesses of their own and
are also agriculturists with considerable land holdings.

1.4.2 Location of the project site

Project site is located at survey No. 229/1, 230 Basarkod village, Muddebihal Taluk,
Bijapur District, Karnataka. The industry falls between Longitude 76°3'17.95"E and
Latitude 16°23'34.92"N and elevation 545 m MSL and in Survey of India TOPO
sheet No. E43W2, E43W3 and E43W7.

The general location of project site in District and State map is shown Figure 1.0,
project site boundary shown in Google image is given in Figure 1.1. Google image of
project site covering 5 km radius and 10 km radius is shown in Figure 1.2 and 1.3
respectively. Project site photographs are shown in Figure 1.4. TOPO map of project
site covering 10 km radius from project site is shown in Figure 1.5 and layout map of
the project site is shown in Figure 1.6.

4
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 1.0 General location of the project site

5
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 1.1: Google map showing site boundary of M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied
Industries Ltd.
Co-ordinates of the project site
Sl. No. Latitude & Longitude
A 16°23'29.21"N & 76° 3'15.59"E
B 16°23'28.68"N & 76° 3'10.44"E
C 16°23'37.09"N & 76° 3'10.04"E
D 16°23'39.37"N & 76° 3'13.69"E
E 16°23'37.65"N & 76° 3'17.51"E
F 16°23'42.07"N & 76° 3'24.13"E
G 16°23'39.45"N & 76° 3'28.35"E
H 16°23'41.24"N & 76° 3'30.84"E
I 16°23'35.70"N & 76° 3'30.38"E
J 16°23'32.55"N & 76° 3'29.62"E
K 16°23'30.40"N & 76° 3'27.05"E
L 16°23'26.48"N & 76° 3'27.42"E
M 16°23'23.75"N & 76° 3'21.22"E
N 16°23'10.78"N & 76° 3'19.87"E
O 16°23'12.20"N & 76° 3'6.92"E
P 16°23'18.61"N & 76° 3'6.58"E
Q 16°23'20.48"N & 76° 3'16.01"E

6
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 1.2 Google image of project site covering 5 km radius

7
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 1.3: Google image of project site covering 10 km radius

8
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 1.4 Project site photographs

9
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 1.5 TOPO map of project site covering 10 km radius from project site

10
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 1.6 Layout plan of the project site

11
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

1.4.3 Project Importance to the Country and Region

In north Karnataka the Bijapur, Belgaum and Bagalkot districts have excelled in the
sugarcane agriculture due to added irrigation facility from Krishna Irrigation Project.
The district has favourable atmospheric conditions and most suitable soil present in
the area support sugarcane cultivation and grain plantations. In India Karnataka
stands 3rd in cane production next to Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra States and 2nd
with respect to sugar recovery after Maharashtra. Sugarcane is grown in 16 districts
of the Karnataka state Belgaum, Bagalkot, Bijapur, Mandya, Mysore,
Chamarajanagar and Bidar are the major sugarcane producing districts. There are
28 Nos. of distillery units are in operation in Karnataka State at present 3 Nos. are in
Bijapur District.

Farmers located nearby villagers have taken to sugarcane agriculture largely due to
water sources availability, higher yield of sugar cane and good price for the sugar
cane from sugar factories. The sugar recovery from sugarcane in the area has also
reached best levels in the country peaking to more than 13.0% and averaging to
yield between 11.5 to 12.0 %. The growth of sugarcane agriculture can be
understood form the fact that there were only two sugar factories in Bijapur and
Bagalkot districts till 1996 with a cane crushing capacity of 6500 & 2500 TCD and
today there are more sugar factories. The farmers in the area are also well informed
and adopt modern technology and grow better varieties of sugar cane.

Sugarcane syrup will be used as raw material required for manufacture of RS

/Ethanol. Agro-climatically the area holds good potential for high quality sugarcane
production. Perennial river Krishna is flowing at 10.5 Km distance from the project
site. Almatti dam has been constructed across river which has storage capacity of
170 TMC of water and dam back water is 15 Km from the project site. The intensity
of cane cultivation in the area is about 70%. The average yield of sugarcane in the
area is about 100 Tons / Hectare. Various infrastructures like roads, transport etc. is
quite satisfactory for the transportation of cane to the project site. This has led sugar
mills to earn higher revenues from the distillery segment in the past 2-3 years.

The sugar industry is also emerging as a substantial source for meeting a part of the
ever-increasing energy needs of the country through the co-generation of electricity
and the Ethanol, which are renewable/green sources of energy and these
developments hold the potential of converting Sugar mills into huge Energy
Complexes with passage of time. Though the contribution of these activities to the
turnover of the industry now is only around Rs. 10-12 thousand crore, over long
term, the sugar industry has the potential to meet up to 20-25% of the total motor-
fuel (Petrol) requirements of the country, and can therefore become a substantial
partner in reducing the foreign exchange outgo and attaining energy security, apart
from meeting the traditional requirements of potable and alcohol based chemical
industry.

12
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

The government has also allowed for the conversion of surplus stocks of rice and
other grains with Food Corporation of India (FCI) for ethanol production. Higher
conversion of maize to ethanol will also enable higher cattle feed production across
the country which will aid the rural economy. This will also encourage farmers to
switch crops and change their crop pattern in view of additional demand generated
by the diversion of food grains to fuel. Allowing alternative use to rice, maize and
other grains will not only help aiding price stability to the farmers for their output but
also enable new investment in distilleries and allied infrastructure.

Production of ethanol would not only facilitate diversion of sugarcane syrup to

ethanol but would also encourage farmers to diversify their crops to cultivate
particularly maize/corn which needs lesser water. It would enhance production of
ethanol from various feed stocks thereby, facilitate in achieving blending targets of
ethanol with petrol and would reduce import dependency on crude oil, thereby,
realizing the goal of Atmanirbhar Bharat. It will also enhance income of farmers as
setting up of new distilleries would not only increase demand of their crops but would
assure farmers of getting better price for their crops.

In order to promote bio-fuels in India, a National Policy on Bio-fuels was formulated

by the Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in 2009. In January 2013, the
Union government launched the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme, which
made it mandatory for oil companies to sell petrol blended with at least 5 per cent of
ethanol. The government initiated significant investments in improving storage and
blending infrastructure. The National Policy on Bio-fuels had set a target of 20 per
cent blending of bio-fuel. This policy is not only to conserve petroleum but also to
reduce the emission from automobile.

Government of India has an ambition to increase the blending of Ethanol with petrol
to an extent of 20% by 2025. Further there is lot of demand for alcohol for industrial
and potable use. At present about 50 to 52 % of alcohol produce is used for potable
purpose in India.

Around Basarkod Village and in the area allotted by Government of Karnataka, there
is potential to harness additional sugarcane by encouraging the farmers to adopt the
latest agriculture techniques for which the company is giving necessary financial and
technical support to the farmers. This will not only improve the economic position of
the farmers around but also improve the economic performance of the industry which
in turn helps the State in higher sugar production. The present project will also
contribute to the revenue of the central and State exchequer.

13
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

1.5 Scope of Study – Details of Regulatory Scoping carried out (as per Terms
of Reference)
1.5.1 Scope of Study
The purpose of EIA/ EMP is to critically analyse the environmental impacts due to
Construction and Operation of the project and to delineate an EMP along with
recommendations and suggestions for sustainability of the proposal in the proposed
location. The study report addresses the entire ToR issued by MoEF & CC, New
Delhi.

The approach for the study is following;

• Collection of baseline data on different environmental attributes during the
non-Monsoon season. The baseline study is carried out during October,
November, December 2021.
• Identification of impact, assessing and suggestion to mitigate to minimize the
impacts to meet the regulatory norms.
• Primary and secondary data collection for preparing EIA Report.
• Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan studies.
• Socio-economic condition of the study area.
• Air quality predication modelling studies carried out using AERMOD software
version 19191.

Regulatory Compliances required under the various statutes.

1. Prior Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC under EIA notification 2006.
2. Consent for Establishment (CFE) and Consent for Operation (CFO) from the
KSPCB under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
3. License from Excise Department
4. License from Directorate of Factories, Boiler, Industrial Safety and Health.
5. Clearance from the Department of Drug Control General of India.
6. Hazardous waste authorization from KSPCB under HW waste rule 2016.
7. Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization clearance for bulk storage of
solvents.

1.5.2 Methodology of the study

The activity flow chart for the EIA study is as shown in Figure 1.7:

14
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Methodology of EIA Study

Receipt of ToR

Project Details from Project

Proponent

Studies to Establish Environmental

Baseline

Compilation of Primary Data Compilation of Secondary Data

Identification of
Monitoring Locations for
Valued Environmental
Components

Chalk-out plan for

Monitoring

Monitor as per Plan

Validation of the data

Assessment of Anticipated
Environmental Impacts w.r. to Valued
Environmental Components

Recommend Monitoring Programme

to mitigate Impacts

Additional Studies/Risk Assessment

Recommend Environmental
Management Plan

Prepare Draft EIA Report

Draft EIA report submitted to KSPCB

for conducting Public Hearing

Public Hearing (PH) Conducted by

KSPCB

Final EIA report submitted to

MoEF & CC incorporating issues
raised during PH

Environmental Clearance

Figure 1.7 Flow chart for the EIA study

Any developmental activity in general is expected to cause impacts on surrounding

environment during its implementation and operation phases, which can be either
positive or negative. The nature and intensity of impacts on different components of

15
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

environment depend on the type of project activities and geographical conditions of

the study area.

The impacts of the project activities on environmental components are quantified

through EIA Studies within the impact zone of the project activities. The detailed
studies for various environmental components like ambient air, noise, water, land,
biological and socio-economic environment were carried out. The study area for the
present EIA study is 10 km radius from the plant site.

1.5.3 Compliance to Terms of Reference

Terms of Reference (ToR) are prescribed by the MoEF & CC vide letter No. IA-J-
11011/394/2021-IA-II(I) dated 22.10.2022. The list of ToR and their compliances is
provided in the Table 1.1.

5(g): Distillery Standard Terms of Reference for conducting environment

impact assessment study for distilleries and information to be included in
EIA/EMP report

Table 1.1 Terms of Reference and compliances

Sl.
Particulars Details
No.
A STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE
1 Executive Summary Executive Summary of the project
in English and Kannada version is
attached with this EIA report.
2 Introduction
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including Details of EIA consultant is given
NABET accreditation in Chapter 12.
ii. Information about the project Information about the project
proponent proponent is given in Chapter 1,
Section 1.3.2
iii. Importance and benefits of the Importance and benefits of the
project project is given in Chapter 1,
Section1.4.3
3 Project Description
i. Cost of project and time of completion. Cost of project and time of
completion is given in Chapter 2,
Section 2.4.3
ii. Products with capacities for the Products with capacities for the
proposed project. proposed project is given in
Chapter 1, Section 1.3.1

16
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

iii. If expansion project, details of existing This is a greenfield project.

products with capacities and whether
adequate land is available for
expansion, reference of earlier EC if
any.
iv. List of raw materials required and their List of raw materials required and
source along with mode of their source along with mode of
transportation. transportation is given in Chapter
v. Other chemicals and materials required 2, Section 2.6.1
with quantities and storage capacities
vi. Details of Emission, effluents, Details of Emission, effluents,
hazardous waste generation and their hazardous waste generation and
management. their management is given in
Chapter 2, sections for
Air pollution source - 2.8.2
Effluent – 2.10
vii. Requirement of water, power, with Requirement of water, power, with
source of supply, status of approval, source of supply, status of
water balance diagram, man-power approval, water balance diagram,
requirement (regular and contract) man-power requirement is given in
Chapter 2, refer sections
Water requirement and water
balance diagram – 2.8
Power requirement – 2.4.5
Power requirement will be met
from inhouse captive power plant.
Manpower requirement – 210 Nos.
during operation phase.
viii. Process description along with major Process description along with
equipments and machineries, process major equipments and
flow sheet (quantitative) from raw machineries, process flow sheet
material to products to be provided (quantitative) from raw material to
products to be provided is given in
Chapter 2, Section 2.7.2
ix. Hazard identification and details of Hazard identification and details of
proposed safety systems. proposed safety systems is given
in Chapter 7, Section 7.2
x. Expansion/modernization proposals:
a. Copy of all the Environmental Not applicable. This is a greenfield
Clearance(s) including Amendments project.
thereto obtained for the project from
MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as
an Annexure. A certified copy of the

17
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

latest Monitoring Report of the

Regional Office of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests as per
circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the
status of compliance of conditions
stipulated in all the existing
environmental clearances including
Amendments shall be provided. In
addition, status of compliance of
Consent to Operate for the ongoing
b. In case the existing project has not Not applicable. This is a greenfield
obtained environmental clearance, project.
reasons for not taking EC under the
provisions of the EIA Notification
1994 and/or EIA Notification existing
operation of the project from SPCB
shall be attached with the EIA-EMP
report.
4 Site Details
i. Location of the project site covering Details about the location of the
village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, project site is given in Chapter 1
Justification for selecting the site, and in section 1.4.
whether other sites were considered. Justification for selecting the site is
given in Chapter 5, section 5.1
ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius A toposheet of the study area of
of 10km and site location on: radius of 10km is shown in in
50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 Chapter 2, section 1.4.2
sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas
and environmentally sensitive places)
iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for Justification for selecting the site is
selection of site given in Chapter 5, section 5.1
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all
of the site. corners of the site is given in
Chapter 1, section 1.4.2
v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the Google map-Earth downloaded of
project site. the project site and attached as
Annexure.
vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as Layout maps indicating required
well as proposed unit indicating storage infrastructure facilities for
area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities proposed project is shown in
etc. If located within an Industrial Chapter 1, section 1.4.
area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial
Area indicating location of unit within the

18
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Industrial area/Estate.
vii. Photographs of the proposed and Photographs of the proposed
existing (if applicable) plant site. If project site is shown in Chapter 1,
existing, show photographs of section 1.4.2
plantation/ greenbelt.
viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the Land use break-up of total land of
project site (identified and acquired), the project site is given in Chapter
government/ private - agricultural, forest, 2, section 2.4.2.
wasteland, water bodies, settlements, Land use details of the study area
etc shall be included. (Not required for is given in Chapter 4, section 4.5
industrial area)
ix. A list of major industries with name and There are no major industries
type within study area (10 km radius) located within 10 km radius from
shall be incorporated. Land use details the project site.
of the study area
x. Geological features and Geo- Geological features and Geo-
hydrological status of the study area hydrological status of the study
shall be included. area is given in Chapter 3, section
3.8
xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5 There is no river within 1 km from
km radius of study area. If the site is the project site. Details of
within 1 km radius of any major river, Drainage pattern of the study area
peak and lean season river discharge as is given in Chapter 3, section
well as flood occurrence frequency 3.7.1.2.
based on peak rainfall data of the past
30 years. Details of Flood Level of the
project site and maximum Flood Level of
the river shall also be provided. (mega
green field projects)
xii. Status of acquisition of land. If The land is owned by the project
acquisition is not complete, stage of the proponent and application is
acquisition process and expected time submitted for conversion of
of complete possession of the land. agricultural land to industrial
purpose. The expected time of
complete possession of the land is
June 2022.
xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line Not applicable. Project site is
with state Government policy. owned by the project proponent.
There is habitation in the site.
5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if Not applicable. There is no
applicable): involvement of forest land in the
i. Permission and approval for the use of project.
forest land (forestry clearance), if any,

19
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

and recommendations of the State

Forest Department. (if applicable)
ii. Landuse map based on High resolution
satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed
site delineating the forestland (in case of
projects involving forest land more than
40 ha)
iii. Status of Application submitted for
obtaining the stage I forestry clearance
along with latest status shall be
submitted.
iv. The projects to be located within 10 km
of the National Parks, Sanctuaries,
Biosphere Reserves, Migratory
Corridors of Wild Animals, the project
proponent shall submit the map duly
authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden
showing these features vis-à-vis the
project location and the
recommendations or comments of the
Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon
v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly
authenticated by the Chief Wildlife
Warden of the State Government for
conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any
exists in the study area
vi. Copy of application submitted for
clearance under the Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of
the National Board for Wildlife
6. Environmental Status
i. Determination of atmospheric inversion Details of atmospheric inversion
level at the project site and site-specific level at the project site and site-
micrometeorological data using specific micrometeorological data
temperature, relative humidity, hourly using temperature, relative
wind speed and direction and rainfall. humidity, hourly wind speed and
direction and rainfall of the district
and study area is given in Chapter
3, section 3.2.1.
ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 Details of AAQ data at 8 locations
locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO is
and other parameters relevant to the given in Chapter 3, section
project shall be collected. The 3.2.2.2.

20
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

monitoring stations shall be based

CPCB guidelines and consider the pre-
dominant wind direction, population
zone and sensitive receptors including
reserved forests.
iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for Raw data of all AAQ measurement
12 weeks of all stations as per for 12 weeks of all stations is
frequency given in the NAQQM given in Chapter 3, section
Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - 3.2.2.2.
min., max., average and 98% values for
each of the AAQ parameters from data
of all AAQ stations should be provided
as an annexure to the EIA Report
iv. Surface water quality of nearby River Surface water quality of nearby
(100 m upstream and downstream of Krishna River is given in Chapter
discharge point) and other surface 3, section 3.5.2.
drains at eight locations as per
CPCB/MoEF & CC guidelines.
v. Whether the site falls near to polluted No.
stretch of river identified by the CPCB/
MoEF & CC, if yes give details.
vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at Ground water monitoring locations
8 locations shall be included. and analysis results are presented
in Chapter 3, section 3.5.2.1.
vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations Noise levels monitoring locations
within the study area. and analysis results are presented
in Chapter 3, section 3.3.
viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB Soil Characteristic in the study
guidelines. area is given in Chapter 3, section
3.6.
ix. Traffic study of the area, type of Traffic study of the area is given in
vehicles, frequency of vehicles for Chapter 4.
transportation of materials, additional
traffic due to proposed project, parking
arrangement etc.
x. Detailed description of flora and fauna Description of flora and fauna
(terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the within the study area is given in
study area shall be given with special Chapter 3, section 3.17.
reference to rare, endemic and
endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna
are found within the study area, a
Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be
prepared and furnished.

21
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

xi. Socio-economic status of the study Socio-economic status of the

area. study area is given in Chapter 3,
section 3.18.
7 Impact and Environment
Management Plan
i. Assessment of ground level Assessment of ground level
concentration of pollutants from the concentration of pollutants from
stack emission based on site-specific the stack emission based on site-
meteorological features. In case the specific meteorological features is
project is located on a hilly terrain, the given in Chapter 4, section 4.3.
AQIP Modelling shall be done using
inputs of the specific terrain
characteristics for determining the
potential impacts of the project on the
AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources
of emissions (including transportation)
on the AAQ of the area shall be
assessed. Details of the model used and
the input data used for modelling shall
also be provided. The air quality
contours shall be plotted on a location
map showing the location of project site,
habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if
any.
ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of Not applicable. Industry will be
discharge in water body operated in principle of ZLD.
iii. Impact of the transport of the raw There will be no impact of the
materials and end products on the transport of the raw materials and
surrounding environment shall be end products on the surrounding
assessed and provided. In this regard, environment. Details of raw
options for transport of raw materials material requirement, sources,
and finished products and wastes (large and mode of transportation is
quantities) by rail or rail-cum road given in Chapter 2, section 2.6.1.
transport or conveyor cum- rail transport
shall be examined.
iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from Treatment of wastewater from
different plant operations, extent different plant operations is given
recycled and reused for different in Chapter 2, section 2.8.
purposes shall be included. Complete
scheme of effluent treatment.
Characteristics of untreated and treated
effluent to meet the prescribed
standards of discharge under E(P)

22
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Rules.
v. Details of stack emission and action Details of stack emission and
plan for control of emissions to meet action plan for control of emissions
standards. to meet standards is given in
Chapter 2, section 2.8.2.
vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Measures for air emission control
is given in Chapter 2, section 2.8.2
and chapter 4 describes about
fugitive emissions during operation
of the industry and mitigation
measure in table 4.13
vii. Details of hazardous waste generation Details of hazardous waste
and their storage, utilization and generation and their storage,
management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization and management is
utilization of solid and hazardous waste given in Chapter 2, section 2.8.
in cement plant shall also be included. MOU regarding utilization of solid
EMP shall include the concept of waste- and hazardous waste with KSPCB
minimization, recycle/ reuse/recover registered vendors will be entered
techniques, Energy conservation, and during the execution of the
natural resource conservation. industry.
viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be Disposal of ash generated from
ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, boiler is given in chapter 2, section
2009. A detailed plan of action shall be 2.8.4
provided.
ix. Action plan for the green belt About 33 % of total plot area is
development plan in 33 % area i.e. land earmarked for Greenbelt
with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. development. Details of greenbelt
Giving details of species, width of development is given in Chapter
plantation, planning schedule etc. shall 10, section 10.4.7
be included. The green belt shall be
around the project boundary and a
scheme for greening of the roads used
for the project shall also be
incorporated.
x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting Rainwater harvesting measures at
measures at plant site shall be plant site is given in Chapter 3.
submitted to harvest rainwater from the Section 3.15
roof tops and storm water drains to
recharge the ground water and to use
for the various activities at the project
site to conserve fresh water and reduce
the water requirement from other
sources.

23
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

xi. Total capital cost and recurring Total capital cost and recurring
cost/annum for environmental pollution cost/annum for environmental
control measures shall be included. pollution control measures is given
in Chapter 6, section 6.8
xii. Action plan for post-project Action plan for post-project
environmental monitoring shall be environmental monitoring is given
submitted. in Chapter 6, section 6.3
xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Risk Assessment and damage
Man-made) Preparedness and control is detailed in Chapter 7,
Emergency Management Plan including section 7.3
Risk Assessment and damage control.
Disaster management plan should be
linked with District Disaster
Management Plan.
8 Occupational health
i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the Plan and fund allocation to ensure
occupational health & safety of all the occupational health & safety is
contract and casual workers given in Chapter 6, section 6.8
ii. Details of exposure specific health This is greenfield project. During
status evaluation of worker. If the operation of the industry periodical
workers' health is being evaluated by examinations of health status of
pre designed format, chest x rays, the workers will be carried out and
Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing records will be maintained for
(Far & Near vision, colour vision and any future reference. Details of
other ocular defect) ECG, during pre- Occupation Health and Safety of
placement and periodical examinations the workers is given in Chapter 7,
give the details of the same. Details section 7.7.7.11.
regarding last month analyzed data of
above-mentioned parameters as per
age, sex, duration of exposure and
department wise.
iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Proposed project is greenfield
Hazards. What are the exposure levels project. Details of Occupation
of hazards and whether they are within Health and Safety of the workers
Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If during operation of the industry is
these are not within PEL, what given in Chapter 7, section
measures the company has adopted to 7.7.7.11.
keep them within PEL so that health of
the workers can be preserved,
iv. Annual report of health status of workers This is greenfield project. During
with special reference to Occupational operation of the industry periodical
Health and Safety. examinations of health status of
the workers will be carried out and

24
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

records will be maintained for

future reference.
9 Corporate Environment Policy
i. Does the company have a well laid Details of Environment Policy of
down Environment Policy approved by M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied
its Board of Directors? If so, it may be Industries Ltd. is given in Chapter
detailed in the EIA report. 10, section 10.7.
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe Yes, Environment Policy of M/s.
for standard operating process / Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied
procedures to bring into focus any Industries Ltd. is given in Chapter
infringement / deviation / violation of the 10, section 10.7.
environmental or forest norms /
conditions? If so, it may be detailed in
the EIA.
iii. What is the hierarchical system or The hierarchical system or
administrative order of the company to administrative order of the
deal with the environmental issues and company to deal with the
for ensuring compliance with the environmental issues is given in
environmental clearance conditions? Chapter 10, section 10.2.
Details of this system may be given.
iv. Does the company have system of Yes, Environment Policy of M/s.
reporting of non-compliances / violations Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied
of environmental norms to the Board of Industries Ltd. is given in Chapter
Directors of the company and / or 10, section 10.7.1.
shareholders or stakeholders at large?
This reporting mechanism shall be
detailed in the EIA report
10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities Infrastructure facilities such as
such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. will
be provided to the labour force during be provided to the labour force
construction as well as to the casual during construction as well as to
workers including truck drivers during the casual workers including truck
operation phase. drivers during operation phase.
11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
i Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the Corporate Environment
project cost) shall be earmarked towards Responsibility details are given in
the Enterprise Social Commitment Chapter 8.0 section 8.4
based on Public Hearing issues and
item-wise details along with time bound
action plan shall be included. Socio-
economic development activities need to
be elaborated upon.
12 Any litigation pending against the project There is no litigation pending

25
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

and/or any direction/order passed by against the project.

any Court of Law against the project, if
so, details thereof shall also be included.
Has the unit received any notice under
the Section 5 of Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant
Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so,
details thereof and compliance/ATR to
the notice(s) and present status of the
case.
13 A tabular chart with index for point wise Tabular chart for point wise
compliance of above TOR compliance of above TOR is given
in Chapter 1, section 1.5.3.
B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIASTUDIES FOR
DISTILLERIES
1. List of existing distillery units in the study There is no distillery units located
area along with their capacity and within study area.
sourcing of raw material.
2. Number of working days of the distillery 250 Days of working of the
unit distillery unit
3. Details of raw materials such as Details of raw materials such as
molasses/grains, their source with molasses/grains, their source with
availability availability is given in Chapter 2,
section 2.6.1.
4. Details of the use of steam from the Details of the use of steam from
boiler. the boiler is given in in Chapter 2,
section 2.6.1
5. Surface and Ground water quality There will be no composting is
around proposed spent wash storage proposed in the distillery unit.
lagoon, and compost yard. Piezometers will be provided near
spent wash storage lagoon to
assess the ground water quality
within and surrounding areas.
Surface water monitoring will be
carried out once in a year.
6. Plan to reduce spent wash generation Raw Spent wash generation is 6
within 6-8 KL/KL of alcohol produced. Kl/KL of of alcohol produced.
Details are provided in Chapter 2.
7. Proposed effluent treatment system for Effluent treatment system for
molasses/grain-based distillery (spent sugarcane syrup /grain-based
wash, spent lees, condensate, and distillery (spent wash, spent lees,
utilities) as well as domestic sewage and condensate, and utilities) as well
scheme for achieving zero effluent as domestic sewage and scheme

26
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

discharge (ZLD). for achieving zero effluent

discharge (ZLD) details are given
in Chapter 2.
8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water Freshwater consumption for
consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol process operation including
production. utilities is within 6 KL/KL of alcohol
production. Details are given in
Chapter 2.
9. Details about capacity of spent wash The Spent-wash temperature will
holding tank, material used, design be 70o to 80o C temperature will
consideration. No. of peizometers to be be reduced to 30o C by passing it
proposed around spent wash holding through plate heat exchanger.
tank.
Spent wash storage lagoon having
storage capacity for 5 days. This
storage lagoon will be made
impervious by providing 500-
micron HDPE lining as per CPCB
specifications.

The size of the lagoon will be 5300

m3.

There will be two piezometers will

be installed near Spent wash
storage lagoon and ETP area.
10. Action plan to control ground water Sugar plant and distillery unit will
pollution. be operated in ZLD concept.
There will be no discharge of raw
or treated effluent to the ground.
Regular monitoring of piezometers
and borewells within the site to
assess the any contamination.
Leachate collection pits will be
provided to hazardous waste
storage area.
11. Details of solid waste management Details are given in Chapter 2,
including management of boiler ash, section 2.8.4.
yeast, etc. Details of incinerated spent
wash ash generation and its disposal.
12. Details of bio-composting yard (if There will be no bio-composting
applicable). activity in the proposed project
13. Action plan to control odour pollution. Details are given in Chapter 4,

27
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

section 4.1.4.
14. Arrangements for installation of Details are given in Chapter 2,
continuous online monitoring system section 2.8.1.5.4.
(24x7 monitoring device)

1.5.4 Generic Structure of EIA Report:

The generic structure in terms of Appendix- III of the EIA Notification of the MoEF &
CC dated 14th September 2006 is followed for preparing the EIA document. The
details of the structure are as under.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Introductory information is presented in this Chapter. The introduction provides a
background of the project and describes the objective of this document. This chapter
also includes the outline of the project and its proponents.

Chapter 2: Project Description

This Chapter includes Project Description and Infrastructure Facilities delineating all
industrial and environmental aspect of the proposed project of M/s. Nadahalli
Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. and in this chapter gives information about storage
and handling of raw materials, water and wastewater quantitative details, water
pollution and control system, air pollution and control system, sludge storage facility,
utilities, greenbelt, and safety measures for proposed plant etc.,

Chapter 3: Description of the Environment

This Chapter provides methodology for monitoring, baseline Environmental Status of
Environmental components (Primary data) delineating meteorological details of the
project site and surrounding area.

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

This chapter presents the analysis of impacts on the environmental and social
aspects of the project as a result of establishment of plant and thereby suggesting
the mitigation measures

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives

This chapter includes the justification for the selection of the project site from
Environmental point of view as well as techno feasibility point of view.

Chapter 6: Environmental Management Plan

This chapter includes the technical aspects of monitoring, the effectiveness of
mitigation measures which will include the measurement methodologies, frequency,
location, data analysis, reporting schedules etc.

Chapter 7: Additional Studies

28
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

This chapter will include the details about the public consultation. It will also identify
the risks of the project in relation to the general public and the surrounding
environment visa-a-visa management plan.

Chapter 8 & 9: Project Benefits & Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis:

The realization of the project activity is envisaged to impart benefits to the areas in
concern. This Chapter will identify the benefits from the project. The Corporate
Environmental responsibility is also included in this chapter.

Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan:

This chapter includes the technical aspects of monitoring, the effectiveness of
mitigation measures which will include the measurement methodologies, frequency,
location, data analysis, reporting schedules etc.,

Chapter 11: Summary and Conclusion:

This chapter summarizes the information given in Chapters in this EIA/EMP report
and the conclusion based on the environmental study, impact identification,
mitigation measures and the environmental management plan.

Chapter 12: Disclosure of the Consultant:

Names of consultants engaged in the preparation of the EIA/EMP report along with
their brief resume and nature of Consultancy rendered are included in this Chapter.

29
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

30
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 2
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Condensed description of aspects of the Project Based on Project Feasibility
Study that is likely to cause Environmental Effects.

2.1 Type of the Project

The proposed project activity falls under serial No. 5 (g) of the schedule viz. Sugar
Industry and Distilleries of EIA Notification 2006 respectively. However, the capacity
of Sugar and power plant are less than the threshold limits to qualify for seeking prior
Environmental Clearance. Whereas, the capacity of proposed distillery 220 KLPD
and requires prior Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC.

Since, the proposed project is not in designated industrial area, it falls in Category ‘A’
of the said EIA Notification 2006 and amendment No. S.O. 1960(E) 13.6.2019.
Proposed project requires prior Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC
undergoing Public Hearing.

2.2 Need of the Project

In order to promote bio-fuels in India, a National Policy on Bio-fuels was formulated
by the Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in 2009. In January 2013, the
Union government launched the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme, which
made it mandatory for oil companies to sell petrol blended with at least 5 per cent of
ethanol. This policy is not only to conserve petroleum but also to reduce the
emission from automobile. The Government of India, initiated significant investments
in improving storage and blending infrastructure. The National Policy on Bio-fuels
had set a target of 20 per cent blending of bio-fuel by 2017. But, could not be
achieved in view of short age in production.

According to data compiled by the Indian Sugar Manufacturers Association (ISMA),

the nationwide average for ethanol blending stands at 4.02 per cent as on October 1,
2018. Maximum achieved so far is 4.9%. Government of India has revised its target
of 20% of ethanol blending by 2025. Government to encourage the exiting sugar or
distillery industries having prior EC to take up production of Ethanol has encouraged
the structure by offering interest subversion scheme and effected Amendments in
the EIA Notification 2006 to make the approval process faster, the latest Notification
being S.O 2339 (E) dated 16.06.2021.

The sugar industry is also emerging as a substantial source for meeting a part of the
ever-increasing energy needs of the country through the co-generation of electricity
and the Ethanol, which are renewable/green sources of energy and these
developments hold the potential of converting Sugar mills into huge Energy
Complexes with passage of time. Though the contribution of these activities to the

31
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

turnover of the industry now is only around Rs. 10-12 thousand crore, over long
term, the sugar industry has the potential to meet up to 20-25% of the total motor-
fuel (Petrol) requirements of the country, and can therefore become a substantial
partner in reducing the foreign exchange outgo and attaining energy security, apart
from meeting the traditional requirements of potable and alcohol based chemical
industry.

Sugarcane syrup and grain will be used as raw material required for manufacture of
RS/Ethanol. The intensity of cane cultivation in the area is about 70%. The average
yield of sugarcane in the area is about 100 Tons / Hectare. Various infrastructures
like roads, transport etc. is quite satisfactory for the transportation of cane to the
project site with additional strengthening.

Agro-climatically the Bijapur and Bagalkot area holds good potential for high quality
sugarcane production. Perennial water supply from river Krishna flowing at 10.5 Km
distance from the project site. Almatti dam has been constructed across the river
Krishna which has storage capacity of 170 TMC of water and dam back water is 15
Km from the project site are the added advantage to set up the ethanol plant in the
proposed location.

The government has allowed the direct use of sugarcane syrup for also allowed for
the conversion of surplus stocks of rice with Food Corporation of India (FCI) for
ethanol production. It has also allowed the conversion of coarse grains like maize for
ethanol production. Higher conversion of maize to ethanol will also enable higher
cattle feed production across the country which will aid the rural economy. This will
also encourage farmers to switch crops and change their crop pattern in view of
additional demand generated by the diversion of food grains to fuel. Allowing
alternative use to rice and maize will not only help aiding price stability to the farmers
for their output but also enable new investment in distilleries and allied infrastructure.

Production of ethanol would not only facilitate diversion of sugarcane syrup to

ethanol but would also encourage farmers to diversify their crops to cultivate
particularly maize/corn which needs lesser water. It would enhance production of
ethanol from various feed stocks thereby, facilitate in achieving blending targets of
ethanol with petrol and would reduce import dependency on crude oil, thereby,
realizing the goal of Atmanirbhar Bharat. It will also enhance income of farmers as
setting up of new distilleries would not only increase demand of their crops but would
assure farmers of getting better price for their crops.

Around Basarkod Village and in the area allotted by Government of Karnataka, there
is potential to harness additional sugarcane by encouraging the farmers to adopt the
latest agriculture techniques for which the company is giving necessary financial and
technical support to the farmers. This will not only improve the economic position of
the farmers around but also improve the economic performance of the industry which

32
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

in turn helps the State in higher sugar production. Further, as the plant will depend
on the grain during the sugarcane off season, the farmers will be encouraged to
adopt to dual cropping pattern. The present project will also contribute to the revenue
of the central and State exchequer.

2.3 Location of the Project

General location of the project site is shown in Chapter 1. Project details and
environmental settings around site is given in Table 2.0

Table 2.0 Environmental settings around site

Sl.
Particulars Details
No.
Total Area of the
1. 39.11 Acres
Industry
Presently, land use is agriculture. An application
has been submitted for conversion of land for
2. Land use industrial use.
Land use around the plant site is by and large
agriculture based.
Basarkod village, Siddapur P.Talikoti town,
3. Nearby Settlements
Gundakarjagi
4. Nearest Town Muddebihal town at 10 Km towards South East
District Head
5. Bijapur district at 58 Km towards North West
Quarters
6. Nearest highway State Highway at 2.5 km towards East
Nearest Railway Almatti Railway Station at 17.0 km towards South
7.
station West
8. Nearest Airport Kalaburagi Airport 139 km towards North East
List of industries
9. None
within 10 km radius
Krishna River flows at 10.5 km in South West
10. Water bodies
direction

2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation (including associated activities required by

or for the Project)
2.4.1 Magnitude of Operation
The estimated capital cost for the proposed project is Rs. 180 Crores. It is a large-
scale plant of Red Category as per industrial activities classified by CPCB/KSPCB.

Total manpower requirement for proposed project will be 210 Nos. Magnitude of
operation is in Table 2.1 and 2.2.

33
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 2.1: Magnitude operation

During
Sl. During off
Description sugarcane
No. season
crushing
Sugarcane crushing
1 to produce 3000 TCD -
sugarcane syrup
2 Grains - 296 TPD
3 Co-generation
10 MW 4 MW
power plant
4 Distillery plant 220 KLD RS / 120 KLPD RS/
Ethanol using Ethanol using
sugarcane syrup grains
5 CO2 Scrubber with
166 TPD 90.60 TPD
Bottling plant
6 Boiler 60 TPH 30 TPH
7 DG set 650 kVA

The by-products generation from the manufacturing process is shown in Table 2.2

Table 2.2: Details of by products

Sl. By products Quantity
No.
1 Bagasse 900 TPD
2 Press mud 120 TPD
3 DDGS 68 TPD
4 CO2 166 TPD

2.4.2 Land Details

The industry is designed envisaging adequate area for process section and utilities,
storage areas for raw materials, finished products, landscape and internal roads for
movement of vehicles. Land use pattern of industry is given in the Table 2.3 and
Layout map of industry site is shown in Chapter 1, Figure 1.6.

Table 2.3 Land-use pattern

Area in Area in
Sl. Area in
Particular Acres and Percentage
No. Sq. m
guntas (%)
Built-up area
1 (Only sheds covering 2 8093.71 5.11
area)
2 Hard paved area 5 20234.3 12.78
3 Internal road area 1.41 5730 3.6

34
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

4 Greenbelt area 13 52593.96 33.23

Open area for future
5 9.7 39254.5 24.80
expansion
Area covered by
• storage tanks,
• bagasse yard,
• cane storage area
6 • utility area – 8 32374.9 20.45
ETP/cooling tower/
Boiler house etc.,
• water storage tanks
• any other
Total plot area 39.11 158272.55 100

2.4.3 Capital Investment

The estimated capital cost for the proposed project is Rs. 180 Crores

Table 2.4: Cost of the project

Proposed
Sl.
Description investment in
No.
Rs. Crores
1 Land preparation 1.00
2 Cost of Building & construction 25.0
3 Cost of Plant and Machinery 154.0
Total 180

2.4.4 Manpower Requirement

Manpower requirement for proposed project is given in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5 Manpower requirement

Sl. No. Type Nos.
Construction Stage
1 30 Nos.
Approximately
Operation Stage Permanent – 160 Nos.
2
Contract – 50 Nos

Indirectly casual laborers will be employed on temporary basis.

There is also potential for other business opportunities such as hired vehicles for the
transportation of the raw materials, products and by-products contractors, sugar
cane cultivation, harvesting and transportation etc

35
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

2.4.5 Power Requirement

The M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd proposes to install 10 MW turbo
alternator for the power generation by using the super-heated steam from the boiler.
3.0 MW/hr power is required for syrup preparation (sugar unit) and 2.5 MW/hr for
distillery operation and DG set of 650 kVA will be provided as power backup. Power
generation during season and off season and its requirement is shown in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Power generation during season and off season and its requirement
Power requirement in Power requirement in
MW MW
Power Consumption for Sugar cane 3000 TCD
Grain Based Distillery
plant and Distillery unit
120 KLPD
220 KLPD
Sugar Unit 3.0 -
Captive power plant 1.5 0.6
Distillery Unit 2.5 2.0

2.5 Proposed Schedule for Approval & Implementation

The construction work of sugar mill and distillery unit will be will be taken-up after the
receipt of prior Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC, New Delhi and Consent
for Establishment (CFE) from Karnataka State Pollution Control Board. The probable
time for construction & commissioning of the industry will be 12 months from the date
of getting statutory clearances. Time Schedule for Implementation is given in Table
2.7.
Table 2.7 Time Schedule for Implementation
Sl.
Activity Estimated completion time
No.
Application for EC (ToR) to MoEF &
1 20.10.2021
CC
Receipt of Terms of Reference from No. IA-J-11011/394/2021-IA-
2
MoEF & CC II(I) dated 22.10.2021
October, November,
3 Baseline monitoring
December 2021
Submission of Draft EIA report to
4 April 2022
KSPCB Karnataka
5 Public Hearing May 2022
Public Hearing proceedings from
6 June 2022
KSPCB
7 Final EIA submission to MoEF & CC June 2022
8 Probable time of EC approval July 2022
9 Application to KSPCB for CFE August 2022
10 Executed time of CFE from KSPCB August 2022
11 Civil works August 2022

36
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

12 Equipment erection July 2023

14 Trial runs September 2023
15 Commercial production October 2023

2.6 Technology and process description

2.6.1 Requirement of raw material for distillery
Sugarcane juice/ syrup is the raw material for manufacture of RS/Ethanol during
crushing season. Sugarcane is sourced from nearby villagers around 25 -30 km from
the industry site. Sugarcane syrup/Juice is extracted from sugarcane, which is then
fermented followed by distillation. Bagasse, which is the left-out fibre material after
extraction of juice from sugarcane, is used as fuel in boiler to produce steam. Steam
is used for generation of electric power and exhaust steam is used for evaporation of
water in the juice and for evaporator to concentrate the thin slop. Other chemicals
will be procured from local market based on the requirement.

Grains will be used during off season for manufacturing of RS/Ethanol. Maize grains,
sorghum, bajra, broken rice are the main raw materials required for the industry
procured from five Districts namely Bagalkot, Bijapur, Dharwad, Haveri and Gadag
around 20 km to 250 km and is transported through trucks. The raw materials
required for production process are given below in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8 Raw material requirements

Sl. Raw Quantity Storage Source and Transport
No. material facility distance ation
3000 MT/day By Tire
667 TPD of Sugarcane carts,
1 Sugarcane 25-30 km
sugarcane yard Trucks &
syrup Tractors
Silo 5000 x 2 By Trucks
2 Grains 296 MT/day 20 km - 250 km
Nos. & Tractors
Conveyer
3 Bagasse 900 TPD Bagasse yard Inhouse
belt
RM Storage Various Suppliers
4 Dry yeast 80 kg/day By Trucks
room located in 100 km
Sodium RM Storage Various Suppliers
5 70 kg/day By Trucks
Hydroxide room located in 100 km
Antifoam RM Storage Various Suppliers
6 200 Liter/ day By Trucks
Agent room located in 100 km
Sulphuric RM Storage Various Suppliers
7 70 kg / day By Trucks
Acid room located in 100 km
Urea with
RM Storage Various Suppliers
8 46% 150 kg / day By Trucks
room located in 100 km
Nitrogen

37
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Alpha
Amylase: 60
kg / day
• Amyoglucos
idase: 80 kg RM Storage Various Suppliers
9 Enzymes By Trucks
/ day room located in 100 km
• Neutrase:
10 kg / day
• Viscozyme:
20 kg / day

Table 2.9: Fuel requirement of distillery unit & mode of transportation

Sl. Quantity
Fuel Source Transportation
No. T/day
For Boiler – 60 TPH
1 Bagasse 27.27 Inhouse Feeding through belt conveyer
For Boiler – 30 TPH
Inhouse and
Bagasse and Rice husk
2 13.63 Feeding through belt conveyer
rice husk from nearby
rice mill

Bagasse generation.
3000 TCD x 30 % = 900 tons

135000 tons / season (150 days)

Bagasse required:
Bagasse required during season = 27.27 x 24 x 150 = 98172 tons

Bagasse required during non-season for grain to Ethanol operation = 13.63 x 24 x

100 days = 49068 tons.

Both includes =147240 tons. Industry will procure equivalent rice husk as a balance
fuel (147240 – 135000 = 12240 tons)

Table 2.10 Details of Steam requirement for distillery

Process section
Product Capacity Drier Total
and MEE
220 KLPD using
672 100 772
syrup
120 KLPD using
428 172 600
grain

38
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Total steam required for 220 KLPD plant will be 863 TPD. However, from 60 TPH
boiler steam generated will be 14400 TPD and remaining steam will be used for
syrup preparation and power generation.

2.6.2.1 Products storage facility

The storage facilities at sugar unit is given in Table 2.11.

Table 2.11 Storage capacity for products

Sl. Proposed tanks Material of
Particulars
no. capacities construction
1 RS Receivers 220 KL x 3 Nos. MS
2 Ethanol Receivers 220 KL x 3 Nos. MS
3 RS Storage tanks 2000 KL x 2 No MS
4 Ethanol Storage tanks 2000 KL x 3 Nos MS

2.7 Project Description including Drawings showing Project Layout,

components of Project giving information Important for EIA purpose
2.7.1 Project Description
The proposed project is establishment of sugarcane crushing unit to extract
sugarcane syrup/juice to manufacture RS/ Ethanol in distillery unit and the same
distillery unit will be used for production of RS/ Ethanol using grains during off
season. To meet the power requirement to the industry installing 10 MW captive
power plant.

The project is agro based. The by-products generated during the process of sugar
manufacturing are completely utilized for downstream products viz., bagasse used
for power generation to be self-reliant on the power. Further, the wastes generated
are also useful for farmers viz., press mud and yeast sludge for composting, ash
generated from boiler useful for land application as fuel used is bagasse. The treated
sugar plant effluent will be reused in sugar plant cooling tower and distillery
operations to achieve ZLD. Also, the concept of ZLD will be adopted in the Distillery.
Emphasis is given for water conservation, reuse and recycle.

Project site layout and components of the project showing the required infrastructure
facilities is in Figure 1.6 above. The project site is owned by the applicant and
application is submitted for conversion of agricultural land to industrial use.

2.7.2 Plant and machineries

List of equipment proposed to be installed is given in Table 2.12

39
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 2.12 List of equipments proposed to be installed

Sl. Particular
No.
1 Mill house
2 Boiling House for Juice concentration
3 Syrup cooling system
4 Grain Storage Section –Silo
5 Liquefaction section
6 Fermentation Section
7 Distillation Section
8 Multiple Effect Evaporation Section
9 Spent wash dryer
10 Steam Boiler with Accessories
11 Steam condensers
12 Air compressor
13 Storage section (Daily Receiver Section, Bulk Storage tanks)
14 Centrifugal Decanters
15 DDGS Drying section.
16 Raw water treatment plant
17 R.O./DM Plant for boiler water
18 Fire protection equipment’s for entire plant
19 Weigh bridge
20 Water storage tanks
21 Electricals
22 Lab equipment’s
23 Bio-digester
24 Process Condensate Treatment Plant

2.7.3 Project Layout

Layout map of project site is shown in Figure 1.6.

2.7.4 Components of Project giving information important for EIA Purpose

Components of project giving information important for EIA purpose is given in Table
2.13.

Table 2.13: Components of project giving information important for EIA

purpose
Description Details
Location M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol and Allied Industries Limited, at
Survey No. 229/1, 230 Basarkod village, Muddebihal Taluk,
Bijapur District, Karnataka.
Site co-ordinates Points Latitude & Longitude

40
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

A 16°23'29.21"N & 76° 3'15.59"E

B 16°23'28.68"N & 76° 3'10.44"E
C 16°23'37.09"N & 76° 3'10.04"E
D 16°23'39.37"N & 76° 3'13.69"E
E 16°23'37.65"N & 76° 3'17.51"E
F 16°23'42.07"N & 76° 3'24.13"E
G 16°23'39.45"N & 76° 3'28.35"E
H 16°23'41.24"N & 76° 3'30.84"E
I 16°23'35.70"N & 76° 3'30.38"E
J 16°23'32.55"N & 76° 3'29.62"E
K 16°23'30.40"N & 76° 3'27.05"E
L 16°23'26.48"N & 76° 3'27.42"E
M 16°23'23.75"N & 76° 3'21.22"E
N 16°23'10.78"N & 76° 3'19.87"E
O 16°23'12.20"N & 76° 3'6.92"E
P 16°23'18.61"N & 76° 3'6.58"E
Q 16°23'20.48"N & 76° 3'16.01"E
Total Area 39.11 Acres
Site elevation 545 m above MSL
TOPO map E43V15 and E43W03
Numbers
Seismic zone Zone -II
Settlements • Basarkod village is at 1.8 km towards East
• Gudadinni village is at 3.6 km towards North west
• Siddapur P.Talikoti village is at 1.7 km towards West
• Gonal village is at 4.7 km towards South East
• Rudagi village is at 4 km towards North East
• Jettagi village is at 2.5 km towards South
• Koppa village is at 4 km towards South west
Across road State Highway at 2.5 km towards East site
District Bijapur district at 58 Km towards North West
Headquarters
Nearest Town Muddebihal town at 10 Km towards South East
Nearest Railway Almatti Railway Station at 17.0 km towards South West
Station
Nearest Airport Kalaburagi Airport 139 km towards North East
Nearest river Krishna River flows at 10.5 km in South West direction
Two first order • Hire halla at 3.5 km towards North West
streams in the • Almati Left Bank Canal towards South at 1.5 km
study area
Nearest source of • Gudadinni lake is at 3.8 km towards NW
Water • Barasakod lake is at 0.5 km towards NW

41
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Madinal lake is at 3.5 km towards south

• Rudagi lake is at 2.7 km towards North
Groundwater There are four bore wells within the site and two are in
sources operation
One open well is provided for rain water collection
One water storage tank is built by the industry
Industries in 10 km Nil
radius
Ecologically Nil
sensitive zones
Cost of the project Rs. 180 Crores
Manpower 210 nos. including both permanent and contract
requirement
Freshwater source Freshwater is sourced from River Krishna
Application is submitted for water drawl permission from
GOK. Also, nearby water body (Basarkod lake)
Reserve forest There are no forest patches in the study area
Quantity of fresh 948 KLD
water requirement
Type of boiler and Bagasse fired boiler of capacity 60 TPH and 30 TPH during
capacity off season using bagasse and rice husk
Solid waste • Boiler Ash
generation • Yeast sludge
• DDGS
• ETP sludge
Transportation • Existing roads around the plant will be used for the
transportation of sugarcane, grains, other raw materials
and the transportation of ethanol by trucks

2.7.5 Typical manufacturing process

(a) Process Description – Sugarcane syrup as feed stock
Sugarcane syrup/Juice is extracted from sugarcane, which is processed to recover
syrup/juice. Sugarcane is the raw material for manufacturing RS/Ethanol. Bagasse,
which is the left-out fibre material after extraction of juice from sugarcane, is used as
fuel in boiler to produce steam. Steam is used for generation of electric power and
exhaust steam is used for evaporation of water in the juice.

The sugarcane syrup is tapped after sugarcane milling, juice extraction and heating.
The tapped sugar juice/Syrup is inoculated with yeast for yeast activation.

(B) Fermentation Process

Main process of distillery is Feed preparation, fermentation and distillation.
Yeast Propagation –

42
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Yeast culture is used for fermentation. Yeast is grown in laboratory during plant start-
up. Yeast propagation section comprises of sugar syrup and hygienically engineered
Yeast vessels equipped with heating, cooling and air purging facility.

Pre-Fermentation-
Sugarcane juice/syrup is prepared in Yeast vessel as a media for yeast cell
propagation. Lab propagated cell mass is scaled up in series of yeast vessels.
Sterile air is spurged into the pasteurized and cooled diluted sugarcane syrup/juice
medium for optimum growth of yeast. Temperature is maintained by recirculation of
cooling water through jacket of yeast vessels. Propagated cell mass from yeast
vessel is transferred to yeast activation vessel to build up cell mass required for
fermentation by cell mass transfer Pump.

Fermentation –
The purpose of fermentation is to convert the fermentable sugars into Alcohol.
During fermentation, sugars are broken down into alcohol and CO2. Significant heat
release takes place during Fermentation. The fermented temperature is maintained
by recirculation of cooling water through Plate Heat Exchangers.

Carbon Di Oxide Generation & Recovery-

During the fermentation, CO2 will be released. The CO2 scrubbed in water. CO2
scrubbed water will be sent to CO2 plant for production of liquefied CO2 used for
commercial purpose.

Post fermentation or distillation - the next stage in the manufacture of alcohol is to

separate alcohol from fermented wash and to concentrate it to 95 % alcohol called
as Rectified Spirit. The distillation column system consists of number of bubble cap
plates where wash is boiled and alcoholic vapors are separated according to their
boiling point and concentrated on each plate stage by stage.

Multi-pressure distillation system for production of Rectified Spirit.

The process of distillation after fermentation is same as for the sugarcane syrup and
grain as feed stocks. Hence, the details of distillation is given in subsequent
sections.

Schematic representation of Distillery and Captive system is shown in Figure 2.0.

43
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 2.0 Schematic representation of Distillery and Captive system

Mass balance of sugarcane

450 MT/Day 777 MT/Day
Vapor loss Water (Sulphur +Lime+Acid)

Sugarcane 3000 MT/Day Bagasse 900 MT/Day

Sugarcane
Crushing
Sulphur 1.2 MT/Day Syrup 759 MT/Day
Clarification
Evaporation
Lime 4 MT/Day
Press Mud 120 MT/Day
O. P. Acid 0.45 MT/Day

(b) Process Description – Distillery Unit - Grains

The main process operations are in four steps, they are as under;

a) Grain Storage and Milling:

Grains will be procured in bulk and stored in Grain Silos. Grains will be milled in
to flour of desired quality and mesh size using hammer mill (dry milling process).
Different grains such as broken rice and maize are used in the same mills. The
flour so obtained is passed through classifiers and screens to retain certain
mesh size as desirable by the process. Weighed quantity of flour is sent into
liquefaction process, where the starch is liquefied completely.

44
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

b) Liquefaction Section:
In liquefaction process, starch is hydrolyzed to dextrin. Feedstock flour is
transferred to pre-masher and mixed with recycle streams and liquefying
enzyme. Slurry from pre-masher is taken to liquefaction tank where temperature
is maintained by means of steam. Necessary retention time is maintained in the
liquefaction tank. Slurry pH is maintained by supplying dilute caustic solution.
The liquefied slurry is then cooled in slurry cooler using cooling water supply and
transferred to pre-fermentation and fermentation section.

c) Fermentation:
Yeast seed material is prepared in pre-fermenter by inoculating sterilized mash
with yeast. Optimum temperature is maintained by circulating cooling water. The
contents of the pre-fermenter are then transferred to fermenter. The purpose of
fermentation is to convert the fermentable substrate into alcohol.

d) Distillation:
Pre-heated fermented wash will be fed to degasser column. Alcohol is stripped
off from fermented wash by ascending vapours in analyzer column.

The condensed analyzer vapors are taken to pre-rectifier column. Analyzer

condensate is concentrated in pre-rectifier column, which operates under
pressure. Condensing steam provides energy to pre-rectifier column. A technical
alcohol cut of about 1-2% of total spirit is taken from the pre-rectifier column.
Concentrated alcohol draw from pre-rectifier column. Fusel oil build up is
avoided by taking fusel oil draws from appropriate trays.

These fusel oils along with the condensate of degasifying & extractive distillation
columns are fed to recovery column for concentration. A technical alcohol cut is
taken out from the top of this column.

e) Decantation & Recycle Section

Decantation section comprises of a centrifuge decanter for separation of
suspended solids from spent wash coming out of grain distillation plant. Wet
cake has 30-32% solids (w/w) as removed from bottom of decanter called
Distillers Wet Grain with Soluble (DWGS) which can be sold directly in wet form
as cattle feed (DWGS).

Thin slops coming out of decanter are collected in a tank and partly recycled into
the process and further for evaporation for concentration up to 35-40% w/w
solids. The concentrated thin slops called as Syrup is mixed with wet cake and
sold in wet form as cattle feed or the entire mixture can be dried in a DDGS
Dryer and then sold in dry form called Distillers Dry Grain Soluble (DDGS) as
cattle feed.

45
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

f) DWGS dryer with Cooling and Conveying System:

Wet distiller’s grains shall be fed into the dryer at controlled rate through a
suitable feeding system. Dry saturated steam is to be supplied to the tube bundle
through rotary joint at one end and the condensate is discharged through rotary
joint mounted on another end. The water vapours are exhausted through an
exhaust blower & passed through a cyclone separator for separating fines. Dry
product is partially recycled back to feed conditioner through product screw and
recycle conveyor.

Process flow chart for Grain-based Distillery is shown in Figure 2.1

Cooling tower
makeup

Figure 2.1: Process Flow Chart for Grain-based Distillery

46
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

2.8 Mitigation measures incorporated into the project to meet Environmental

Standards, Environmental Operating Conditions, or other EIA requirements
2.8.1. Water Environment and Management
2.8.1.1 Water Demand and Wastewater/Effluent Discharge;
Freshwater requirement to the industry will be met from Krishna River/nearby water
body (Basarkod lake). The application is made for water drawl permission from
Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Limited (KNNL), Government of Karnataka, the same is
awaited.

2.8.1.2 Water Requirement for sugar plant:

Sugarcane contains 68-70 % of water. This water is recovered as condensate from
various process operations. Total condensate water generated from sugarcane
crushing 3000 TCD plant is 2040 m3/day. But there will be loss as water in the form
of moisture content gets out through bagasse, press mud, lime grit, evaporator vapor
& drift loss etc. Total Water requirement to the distillery unit is given in Table 2.14
and the quantity of wastewater generation is given in 2.15.

As could be seen that there will be enough water available after all the losses, the
freshwater consumption in the Sugar mill is only at the start-up. Freshwater is drawn
for only boiler as it requires de-mineralized water and for domestic use. Thereafter
excess condensate after primary treatment is used for various activities listed as
under;
Water content in Sugarcane
Quantity
Water In Water out
in m3/day
Water Total condensates generation 2040
available Condensates available for distillery
813*
from sugar process
cane 68% Total loss 1227*
Note: *Details in table below.

Quantity
Water In Water out in
3
m /day
Loss of Water through Bagasse 10 % on cane 300
Loss of Water through Press mud 4 % on
Water 120
cane
available
Loss of Water through F.M. 0.4% on cane 12
from
Loss of Water through Lime Grit 0.24% on cane 7
sugar
Loss of Water through vapour vent of Evap. &
cane 68 15
Pans 0.5%
%
Loss of water through sugarcane syrup 16.5% 336
Loss of Water through Clarifier flash vapour 23

47
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

0.5% on cane
Total loss 813
Surplus condensate water available 1227
Total generation 2040

Table 2.14 Total Water requirement to the distillery unit

Sl.
Particular Quantity in KLD
No.
1 220 KLPD Sugarcane syrup 120 KLPD grain plant
Distillery to Ethanol plant
process Recycle Recycle
Freshwater Freshwater
water water
DM plant 160 - 82 -
Softener plant 726 639 - 391
Liquification - - 432 -
CO2 scrubber - 47 26 -
Lab and washings 20 - 20 -
Distillery Cooling - 961 - 352
tower
Sugar plant - 900 - -
Cooling tower
Domestic purpose 12 - 12 -
Greenbelt 30 - 30 -
development
Total 948 2547 602 743
Grand Total 3495 1403

Table 2.15 The quantity of wastewater generation

Sugarcane syrup
Grain based 120
Sl. based 220 KLPD
Description KLPD plant
No. plant
Quantity in KLD
Quantity in KLD
Raw spent wash 1320 720
a. Recycle back to
264 144
process
1
b. To Decanter - 576
c. To MEE 1056 501
d. To DWGS - 75
Concentrated spent
2 382 -
wash to drier
Thin slop from MEE and
3 - 126
decanter to wet cake

48
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

4 Spent lees 264 157

Utility effluent
MEE condensate 890 506
Softener plant rejects 136 17
DM plant rejects 16 10
5 Boiler blowdown 43 22
Cooling tower bleed 48 18
Laboratory 15 15
CO2 scrubbed water 28 16
PCTP rejects 216 131
2 Domestic sewage 9.6 9.6

49
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

DISTILLERY OF 220 KLPD CAPACITY 805 KLD

Loss
Sugar Process 900 KLD 2.4 KLD
Sugar ETP Sugar Cooling Tower
Condensate water Fresh Water Domestic Use Loss Septic Tank
1227 KLD 1322 KLD 95 KLD 900 KLD 947 KLD 12 KLD 9.6 KLD
Sugar CT Bleed

20 KLD CO2 167 TPD 726 KLD 160 KLD 30 KLD

93 KLD 3 KL/KL Sugarcane syrup 667 TPD
47 KLD 376 KLD 538 KLD Power to process & Grid Gardening
10 MW 30 KLD
CO2 Scrubber CO2 to Scrubber DM Plant
Fermenter
93 KLD 93 KLD 160 KLD

Softener Plant 1364 KLD 1902 KLD Raw Spent wash Recycle
1364 KLD
264 KLD 144 KLD
DM Reject
Lab Washing Reject 6 KL/KL Raw Spent wash Steam to process 16 KLD
Distillation TURBINE
20 KLD RS/ Ethanol 1320 KLD 1320 KLD
Recycle 220 KLPD 4.8 KL/KL of alcohol

Bio-digester
263 1809 KLD 1056 KLD 1440 KLD 1440 KLD
Impure Spirit
5 KLPD
Boiler
Losses
5 KLD MEE 1272 KLD 101 KLD 60 TPH Capacity
Condenser Condensed Water
Vent Loss 1339 KLD 1339 KLD 1483 KLD
961 KLD 1224 KLD
Spent Lees MEE Condensate
Lab & Floor
Distillery Cooling Tower 264 KLD 890 KLD
Washing Conc. Spent Wash
15 KLD 961 KLD 382 KLD
Losses
913 KLD 216 KLD Losses Driers
PCTP 321 KLD 382 KLD Boiler Blowdown
Cooling Tower Blowdown Recycle 1440 KLD Reject 43 KLD
28 KLD 48 KLD Potash Powder
227 KLD 59 KLD 61 TPD
15 KLD 136 KLD 48 KLD

Figure 2.2 Distillery mass/water balance – 220 KLPD Sugarcane syrup based

50
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

2.4 KLD
Gardening Fresh Water Domestic Use Loss Septic Tank
DISTILLERY OF 120 KLPD CAPACITY 30 KLD 602 KLD 12 KLD 9.6 KLD

20 KLD 26 KLD 374 KLD 432 KLD 82 KLD

CO2 92 TPD 3.6 KL/KL of alcohol
51 KLD MASH FROM GRAINS Liquifaction GRAINS
374 KLD 1051 KLD 1051 KLD 294 TPD Power to process
245 KLD 4 MW
CO2 Scrubber CO2 to Scrubber Thin Slop Recycle DM Plant
Fermenter
51 KLD 51 KLD 82 KLD

Softener Plant 1051 KLD

391 KLD 144 KLD
72 KLD
DM Reject
Lab Washing Reject 6 KL/KL Thick Slop Decanter Steam to process 10 KLD
Distillation TURBINE
20 KLD RS / Ethanol 720 KLD 720 KLD 576 KLD
Recycle 120 KLPD
Thin Slop
391 1000 KLD 501 KLD 75 KLD 720 KLD 720 KLD
Impure Spirit
3 KLPD
Boiler
Losses
5 KLD MEE 632 KLD 50 KLD 30 TPH Capacity
Condenser Condensed Water
Vent Loss 670 KLD 670 KLD 742 KLD
352 KLD 743 KLD
Spent Lees MEE Condensate Conc. Slop DWGS
Lab & Floor
Distillery Cooling Tower 157 KLD 506 KLD 75 KLD
Washing 126 KLD
15 KLD 352 KLD
Losses Wet Cake Losses
334 KLD 131 KLD 201 KLD
PCTP 57 KLD Boiler Blowdown
Cooling Tower Blowdown Recycle 874 KLD Reject Drier DDGS with 10% moisture 22 KLD
16 KLD 18 KLD 201 KLD 64 TPD
66 KLD 145 KLD
17 KLD 18 KLD Condensate
80 KLD

Figure 2.3 Distillery mass/water balance – 120 KLPD grains based

51
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

2.8.1.3 Waste Water (Industrial and sewage) Treatment facilities

The Spent-wash temperature will be 70o to 80o C temperature will be reduced to 30o
C by passing it through plate heat exchanger. Spent wash storage lagoon having
storage capacity for 5 days. This storage lagoon will be made impervious by
providing 500-micron HDPE lining as per CPCB specifications. The size of the
lagoon will be 5300 m3. There will be two piezometers will be installed near Spent
wash storage lagoon and ETP area.

2.8.1.3.1 Industrial Effluents – Sugarcane syrup/juice-based distillery unit

• Sugarcane condensate of 1227 KLPD will be treated in sugar plant ETP
(Process condensate Treatment Plant) of 1300 KLD capacity and treated
effluent will be taken to sugar plant cooling tower makeup and CO2 scrubber
and softener plant.
• Sugar plant effluent ETP will be provided of capacity 800 KLD
• Total Raw spent wash generation is 1320 KLPD, out which 20 % will be
recycled back to process
• Remaining bio-methanated spent wash of 1056 KLPD will be concentrated in
MEE.
• Concentrated spent wash of 382 KLPD will be sent to drier to produce potash
powder of 61 TPD.
• Potash Powder is given to Fertilizer industry.

2.8.1.3.2 Industrial Effluents – Grain-based distillery unit

• Raw spent wash, thin slop 720 KLPD will be sent to decanter
• Out of 720 KLPD, 20 % will be recycled back to process.
• Remaining 501 KLPD will be sent to MEE to get thick slop and 75 KLPD to
DWGS.
• Concentrated spent wash (thick slop) from MEE 126 KLPD and 75 KLPD from
DWGS will be sent as wet cake to DDGS drier.
• DDGS 64 TPD will be given for Cattle feed.

2.8.1.3.3 Industrial Effluents – Lean effluents

Lean effluent generation

Sugarcane syrup Grain based 120
Particular based 220 KLPD plant KLPD plant
Quantity in KLD Quantity in KLD
Spent lees 264 157
MEE condensate 890 506
Softener plant rejects 136 17
DM plant rejects 16 10
Boiler blowdown 43 22
Cooling tower bleed 48 18

52
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Laboratory 15 15
CO2 scrubbed water 28 16
PCTP rejects 216 131
• The other lean effluents mentioned in above table from distillery operation will
be treated in PCTP of capacity 1200 m3.
• The treated lean effluents will be used for dilution of sugarcane syrup/juice or
liquefication section and for CO2 scrubbing (in case of grain-based distillery)
and in cooling tower makeup purpose.
• The plant will operate on ZLD principle.

2.8.1.4 Domestic sewage

Domestic sewage will be treated in septic tank and disposed to soak pit.

2.8.1.5 Characteristics of effluents

Characteristics of the Sugar plant effluents

Sl. No. Parameter Before treatment After
treatment
1. pH 4.5 - 6.0 5.5 - 8.5
2. Oil and Grease mg/l 50 < 10
3. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 5000 - 6000 < 250
4. Suspended solids mg/l 700 - 800 < 100
5. Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand 2500 - 3000 < 30
at 3 days 27 o C mg/l

Characteristics of inlet effluent from distillery process plant

Sl.
Parameters Design Value for PCTP Feed Unit
No.
Organic Effluent from process plant
1. PH 2.8 -
2. COD 5500 mg/L
3. BOD 4000 mg/L
4. TDS 500 mg/L
5. Volatile Fatty Acid 3500 mg/L
Temperature Degree
6. 36 – 38
(Considered) Celsius
Inorganic Effluent from process plant, cooling tower and boiler blowdown etc.,
Sl. Inorganic
Parameters RO Feed Water Quality Unit
No. Effluent
1 Turbidity 51 <1
2 pH 7.5 -8.0 7.0-8.0 -
3 TDS 1450 1330 Mg/l

53
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Reactive Silica as
4 53 26 mg/l
SiO2
Total hardness as
5 1376 924 mg/l
CaCO3
6 Calcium as Ca 807 390 mg/l
7 Chloride as Cl 569 276 mg/l
8 M-Alkalinity as CaCO3 1613 781 mg/l

2.8.1.6 Effluent Treatment Plant and PCTP details

Process condensate treatment plant of 2400 m3/day capacity equipment list.

Bulk Chemical Handling System

Sl. Description
No.
1. Bulk Caustic storage tank
2. Bulk Caustic transfer pumps (Centrifugal Pump)
3. Acid Storage tank
4. Acid transfer Pumps

Process Condensate Treatment Plant

Sl. Description
No.
1. Equalization tank transfer pump
2. Alkali Dosing System
3. Filter feed pump
4. Dual Media filter
5. Pressures and filter.
6. Filter back wash pump
7. Feed RO priming pump
8. Feed RO(RO–1) cartridge filter-1
9. Feed RO(RO–1) cartridge filter-2
10. RO Chemical Dosing System
11. Feed RO(RO–1) high Pressure pump
12. Feed RO(RO–1)pressureVessel
13. FeedRO(RO–1)membraneelement
14. Feed RO(RO–1)skid
15. Reject RO(RO–2)priming pump
16. Reject RO cartridge filter
17. Reject RO(RO–2)high Pressure pump
18. Reject RO(RO–2) booster Pressure pump
19. Reject RO(RO–2) pressure vessel
20. Reject RO (RO – 2) membrane element

54
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

21. Reject RO(RO–2) skid

22. RO cleaning System
23. RO CIP cartridge filter
24. DAP Dosing System
25. Urea Dosing System
26. Hypo Dosing System
27. Air blower for aeration tank
28. Fixed Type Air Diffuser Grid System
29. Clarifier Mechanism
30. Dual Media filter-2
31. Clarifier Sludge Recirculation Pump
32. Process water transfer pump
33. RO reject transfer pump
34. Piping & Fittings
35. Electrical
36. Instruments

List of treatment Tanks

Sl. No. Unit Designation No. Remarks
1. Equalization tank 1 RCC
2. Filter feed tank 1 RCC
3. RO feed tank 1 RCC
4. RO reject break tank 1 RCC
5. Final RO permeate tank 1 RCC
6. RO reject back wash tank 1 RCC
7. Final RO reject tank 1 RCC
8. Aeration Tank 1 RCC
9. Clarifier 1 RCC
10. Chlorine contact tank 1 RCC

To
MEE

Re je ct
Re je ct
MEE Conde nsate
Spe nt Le es
Boile r Blowdown Equalization RO1 fe e d RO1 RO2
Cooling Towe r Blowdown
DM plant re je cts & CO2
scrubbe d wate r
Pe rmiate

Pe rmiate

Cooling Tower

Fe rme ntation
to
AGF MGF Pe rmiate
dilution of
Sugar Syrup

Figure 2.4 Schematic representation PCTP flow chart for Industrial Effluents

55
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

2.8.1.7 Online Monitoring of Effluents

Online monitoring system will be provided and connected to CPCB/KSPCB portal
and details are in Table 2.16

Table 2.16 Details of online monitoring system

Source to which
Sl. the monitoring Parameter to
Location of the online monitor
No. system to be be monitored
provided
Spent wash flow to Quantity of Spent wash flow to spent wash
spent wash lagoon. flow lagoon.
1. Spent wash feed in Spent wash feed in to MEE.
to MEE. MEE to
ETP inlet.
To monitor the Surveillance IP camera with TILT Zoom, 5x or
effluent entry in to above focal length, with night vision
the MEE, flow to capability and should be installed at
ensure effluent is adequate number of places. Such
2.
not bypassed. number of Cameras should be
strategically installed from where real-
time situation of effluent disposed and
utilized can be visualized.
Stack attached to Particulate At 8 times the diameter of the straight
3. boiler matter duct after ESP or 2 time the diameter
from the top of the chimney.
ETP treated water of pH, BOD, Treated effluent- Sugar plant
4. sugar plant COD, TSS,
FLOW

2.8.2 Air Pollution sources & Control Measures

The major air pollution sources from the industry are process sections, Boilers, and
DG sets. The sources of air pollution, type of fuel used, fuel consumption and
chimney heights for each of the air pollution sources and pollution control measures
are indicated in Table 2.17.

Table 2.17: Air pollution sources, fuel consumption and chimney height details
Stack attached Fuel Stack/s Air pollution Predicted
Fuel used
to consumption height control unit emissions
Electro static
27.27 TPD
Boiler 60 TPH Bagasse precipitators
48 m
(ESP) PM
AGL
Bagasse / 13.63 TPD Electro static
Boiler 30 TPH
rice husk precipitators

56
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

(ESP)
DG sets 650
HSD 130 Kg/hr 8 m ARL Stack SO2
kVA*
PM: Particulate Matter
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

For monitoring the stack emissions, port holes with access platform will be provided
as per KSPCB guidelines;

Process Emissions: Carbon Di-Oxide generation:

During the fermentation CO2 will be released. In 220 KLPD plant about 167 TPD
(w/w) of CO2 generation is estimated. The CO2 which is liberated in fermentation is
scrubbed in water with scrubber and sent to CO2 plant for production of liquefied
CO2 used for commercial purpose.
CO2 Process flow chart

Raw Gas CO2a

T rap Tomer

Water Scrubber

Water Separator

Blower 0.1 Kg/cm2

Activated Carbon

4 Stage Compressor 75

CO2 Condensing Coil

Filling Station

CO2 Botteling process

2.8.3 Noise Generation and its Management

The major sources of noise pollution in the industry are steam turbine, fans and
blowers and DG sets. The noise levels will be within the stipulated level in the work
zone. In addition, power plant also contributes to noise. To control noise, the turbine
building will be provided with acoustic enclosure. At the locations of turbines,

57
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

compressors, fans etc., the sound intensity generally exceeds the limit. Necessary
measures proposed to reduce the sound intensity are;

• The workers engaged in such locations are provided with ear muffs.
• Inbuilt design of mechanical equipment viz., silencers, dampers, suitable
foundations for the equipment
• Vegetation (tree plantation) along the periphery and at various vacant
locations within the industry premises.

2.8.4 Solid Waste Generation and its Management

The solid wastes or by-products produced in sugar plant such as bagasse, press
mud are made use as valuable resources. Other solid wastes in the industry are
boiler ash, lime sludge and ETP sludge. The quantity of solid waste generated from
the industry is given in Table 2.18.

Table 2.18: Solid waste generation and disposal details

Sl. Quantity in
Solid Waste Disposal
No. MT/month
Used as fuel for captive power
1 Bagasse 27000
generation in boiler.
2 Lime sludge 30 Used for filling low lying areas
3 Press mud 3600 Mixed with boiler ash and given to
4 Yeast Sludge 195 farmers to use as manure
Mixed with press mud and given to
5 Boiler ash 210
farmers to use as manure
6 PCTP Sludge 6 Dried sludge is used for greenbelt
7 ETP sludge 2 Given to farmer as manure

• Domestic solid waste is segregated in to organic and inorganic waste.

Organic waste is composted and in organic waste is given to outside agency.
• Any other solid waste generated from the facility will be disposed of by using
proper disposal mechanism.

2.8.5 Hazardous Waste Generation and Management

Only used oil from the DG Set and oil-soaked cotton waste are the hazardous waste
generation from the industry. The hazardous waste will be disposed to KSPCB
Authorized agencies. The quantity and disposal details are given in Table 2.19.

Table 2.19: Hazardous Waste Management

Category Hazardous Quantity Mode of disposal as per the
of Waste Waste /Annum Authorization
5.1 Used oil 1.5 KL Stored in secure manner and handed

58
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

over to KSPCB authorized re-

processor/ recyclers
Waste or Stored in secure manner and handed
5.2 residues 1.0 MT over to KSPCB authorized incinerator/
containing oil co-incineration in cement kiln
Empty barrels/ Stored in secure manner and handed
containers/liners over to KSPCB authorized recyclers
contaminated
33.1 1.5 MT
with hazardous
chemicals/
waste

2.9 Assessment of New & Untested Technology for the Risk of Technological
Failure
The manufacturing processes for ethanol production by fermentation and distillation
are well established and is standardized. The same technology and principles will be
incorporated in the proposed project. Therefore, risk of technological failure is not
anticipated. The R&D on the product will be a continual process to ensure
optimization in terms of yield, resource conservation and to reduce the pollution load
at source.

59
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER – 3
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

60
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.0 Introduction
Any activity will have its influence on the environmental attributes. The influence due
to the project depends on various factors such as the nature of the project, its size,
measures taken to control the pollution viz., emissions, effluents, solid waste and
hazardous waste management, regulatory compliances, resource conservation
surrounding environmental settings etc.

As per the ToR given by MoEF & CC, 10 km around the project site is considered for
the study of baseline conditions which are described with respect to climate,
hydrology, geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, ambient air quality, water
quality, soil quality, noise level, flora and fauna, ecology, socio economic profile, land
use and land cover importance.

The data is collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary source data
were collected through environmental monitoring and survey of the study area.
Secondary data was collected from State/Central Government and semi-
Government Organizations. For reconnaissance survey the sampling locations were
identified based on:

• Existing topography and meteorological conditions

• Locations of water bodies -surface and ground water
• Location of human habilitation and other sensitive areas present in the vicinity
of the proposed project site
• Wind rose diagrams
• Availability of power supply, free flow of air
• Representative areas for baseline conditions
• Soil sampling in agricultural land located nearby project site
• Easy and all-time accessibility for sampling

3.1 Study Area, Period, Components & Methodology

3.1.1 Study Area
An area, covering 10 km radial distance around the project site is considered as the
study area for conducting baseline studies as per the TOR issued by MoEF & CC.

3.1.2 Study Period

The baseline studies are carried out during the pre-monsoon of 2021 i.e., between
October, November and December 2021 covering various domains of environment.

61
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.1.3 Environmental Components

The following environmental attributes related to the study area are considered for
environmental study to ascertain the baseline status. Survey of flora & fauna in the
surroundings & demographic pattern of the survey area were also studied. Using the
baseline status, the impact due to project and plan for mitigation is arrived.

a. Meteorology
b. Air Environment
c. Noise Environment
d. Water Environment
e. Land Environment
f. Soil status
g. Hydro-geological environment
h. Socio-economic Environment
i. Ecology and bio-diversity

3.1.3.1 Meteorology of the study area

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. located at Basarkod village;
Muddebihal Taluk is about 58 km from Vijayapura the District Headquarters. The
climate at the factory site / study area is identical to the Vijayapura town. Therefore,
meteorological data of Vijayapura collected from Indian Meteorological Department
from there meteorological site is considered. The data for the year 2021 is procured
from India Meteorological Department (IMD) for air modelling studies annual
Meteorological data used from Envitrans, New Delhi using WRPLOT wind rose
modelling software by U.S. EPA Lakes Environmental.

3.1.3.2 Air Environment

The test method/protocol followed for analysis is in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Ambient Air Quality analysis (IS: 5182 (Part 14))
Parameter Unit Test Method/Protocol
PM2.5 µg/m3 IS 5182 (Part 24) : 2019
3
PM10 µg/m IS 5182 (Part 23) : 2017
3
NOx µg/m IS 5182 (Part 2) : 2017
3
SO2 µg/m IS 5182 (Part 6) : 2017
3
CO mg/m NTLR/SOP/101 Issue 1.0 Dated 10.07.2017

3.1.3.3 Noise Environment

Noise Level measurements were carried out in the study area at eight sampling
locations during the night and day, following the “Protocol for Ambient Noise level
Monitoring” published by CPCB using noise level measuring meter.

62
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.1.3.4 Water Environment

The representative sampling locations for ground water and surface water are
chosen through reconnaissance survey of project area to determine the water quality
in the study area following Water quality analysis method: APHA 23 rd Edition: IS
3025 (Part:54, Part:37, Part:52, Part:44, Part:58, Part:55). Hydrology and drainage
pattern of the study area is through field visit and drainage map using satellite
imagery.

3.1.3.5 Land Environment

The land-use data in the study area is captured by field visit and satellite imagery
map. The statistical data of different land use in Muddebihal Taluk of Vijayapura
District is collated from District Statistic Survey. Land use and land cover pattern in
10 km radius is classified using satellite imagery.

3.1.3.6 Socio-Economic Environment

The baseline data referring to the socio-economic environment is collected by survey
in villages around the project site and from secondary sources such as census
records, statistical hand book and relevant official publications of the government
agencies and primary sources such as the socio-economic surveys conducted by
different Government agencies.

3.1.3.7 Ecology and Bio-diversity

Ecological survey of the study area was carried out by field visits to observe the
various species of flora and fauna. Personal enquiries/discussion with local people
was also conducted to get a fair idea of the existing ecological status. The secondary
data is collected from Forest Department.

3.1.3.8 Soil Environment

Soil samples were collected manually using the soil sampler. Samples were
collected 15 cm below the surface. To understand the soil condition of the study
area, analysis was conducted by making suspension of soil sample and analyses
were carried out by following NTLR/SOP/46, 47, 50, 51, 52 and Methods manual soil
testing in India: Department of Agriculture and co-operation ministry of Agriculture
Govt of India, New Delhi – January 2011 procedure.

3.1.4 Methodology
Baseline environmental studies were conducted to know the status of various
environmental attributes. The studies included, conducting field studies, monitoring
and analysing various parameters that might be affected due to the project and
conducting socio-economic survey among the people. Secondary data was collected
from State/Central Government organizations and semi-Government.

63
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Laboratory engaged for monitoring:

Samrakshan, Bangalore has engaged M/s. Nichrome Testing Laboratory and
Research Private Limited, Dharwad an NABL accredited laboratory for baseline
monitoring purpose. Methodology followed for conducting the monitoring and
analysis of environmental parameters.

It is ensured that required parameters are covered in the scope of recognition of M/s.
Nichrome Testing Laboratory and Research Private Limited by NABL accredited.
Sampling is done by the laboratory personnel at locations finalized by Functional
Area Expert of Samrakshan. Collection and preservation of samples are randomly
verified to ensure appropriate equipment/ instruments are used and accuracy quality
of work and transportation of samples from monitoring site to the laboratory.

3.2 Establishment of Baseline for Relevant Environmental Components

The establishment of baseline environmental status for the relevant environmental
components forms the basis for evaluation of impacts due to the proposed project.
The baseline status is established through study of various environmental
components in the impact zone of 10 km radius.

3.2.1 Meteorological Data

The Climate has an important role in the build-up of pollution levels. Winter is critical
for air pollution build up because of frequent calm conditions with temperature
inversions resulting in poor atmospheric mixing and pollutants. The climate of Bijapur
district is generally dry and healthy. In summer, especially in April and May
the temperature lays between 29.7oC to 39.5oC. In winter season, from November to
January the temperature is between 15.4 oC to 24.2oC. The classification of months
according to the seasons is given as under;

Season Period
Summer March to May
Monsoon June to September
Post monsoon October to November
Winter December to February

The metrological data reflecting minimum, maximum temperature in oC, relative

humidity in %, rainfall in mm/h, wind speed in m/s, mixing height in m, cloud cover in
tenths and atmospheric pressure in mbar for the year 2020 obtained from IMD is
been in Table 3.1 and mixing height of the study area is shown below Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Meteorological data of Vijayapura for the year 2020

Month Max. Min. MRF RHI RHII AWS SLPI SLPII
JAN 31.1 15.4 0.0 69 37 4.1 948.1 943.9
FEB 32.4 16.5 0.0 54 30 5.3 947.9 943.7

64
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

MAR 35.6 19.6 6.9 45 27 5.9 946.1 941.4

APR 38.8 23.5 19.1 47 26 7.0 944.7 939.6
MAY 39.5 24.2 112.9 59 28 10.5 942.1 937.2
JUNE 32.6 22.6 70.0 78 59 11.5 939.8 936.3
JULY 30.9 22.1 187.6 83 70 9.9 939.2 936.3
AUG 29.7 21.7 62.4 82 71 12.4 939.3 936.6
SEPT 30.4 21.7 267.3 85 71 7.2 941.0 937.4
OCT 30.2 20.7 112.6 80 64 5.2 942.6 939.1
NOV 29.9 16.5 4.0 67 49 4.0 947.4 943.9
DEC 29.8 13.4 0.0 67 37 30.8 947.5 943.8

Source: Source: Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

Legend:
Max.: Monthly mean maximum temperature in Deg. Celsius
Min.: Monthly mean minimum temperature in Deg. Celsius
MRF: Monthly total rainfall in mm
RHI: Monthly mean relative humidity at 8.30 hrs IST in %
RHII: Monthly mean relative humidity at 17.30 hrs IST in %
SLPI: Monthly mean station level pressure at 8.30 hrs IST in mb
SLPII: Monthly mean station level pressure at 17.30 hrs IST in mb
NA: Data not available

Mixing Height is given in Table 3.3

Table 3.3: Mixing height at study area

Month Mixing height (m)
Minimum Maximum
January 195 2449
February 1.0 2909
March 1.0 3583
April 1.0 4000
May 1.0 4000
June 130 2404
July 1.0 1912
August 1.0 1828
September 129 1960
October 1.0 2369
November 1.0 2088
December 1.0 1782
Source: Envitrans – pre-processed meteorological data

65
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Mixing Height is defined as the height of the layer adjacent to the ground over which
pollutants or any constituents emitted within this layer or entrained into it become
vertically dispersed by convection or mechanical turbulence.

The mixing height is the height of the convective layer associated with the maximum
surface temperature. The maximum mixing height exhibits both local and seasonal
variations. In addition, it is affected significantly by topography and large-scale air
movements. Minimum values of mixing height will be observed in the late hours of
the night or in the early morning hours due to surface-based inversion. The
pollutants which are released into the atmospheric air from source of pollution are
being continually mixed. On hot days, they are taken up extremely high away from
the ground. In contrast to that, in cool days, the mixing height is very low and
pollutants remain close to the ground.

The above table indicates that mixing height at project site during day time shows
maximum values in a particular month i.e., during summer, April and May, the
pollutants get dispersed above 4 km from ground level. During times of surface
temperature inversions minimum value in the table indicates that at night-time the
mixing height will be equal to one (or negative) and pollutants dispersion is going to
be minimal due to clear skies.

3.2.2 Baseline Monitoring

3.2.2.1 Locations for proposed data collection
Environmental parameters, number of location and source of data for proposed
baseline study given in Table 3.4

Table 3.4: Locations for baseline monitoring, parameters to be monitored

Locations for
Environmental
proposed data Source Parameter
Parameters
collection
Air Quality 8 Nos. Primary PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx &
CO
Water Ground water – Primary TDS, Electrical
8 Nos Conductivity, pH, TH,
Surface water – NO3, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg,
6 Nos. F, Fe, Boron, Sodium,
Copper, Manganese,
Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni
Soil 8 Nos. Primary Physical, Chemical
Characteristics, Soil
Texture
Noise 8 Nos. Primary Noise levels in dB(A)
Ecology Study area – 10 Primary and -

66
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

km Secondary
Geology & Study area Primary and -
Hydrology Secondary
Land Use Study area Primary and -
Secondary
Socio- Study area Primary and -
Economic Secondary

3.2.2.2 Parameters identified and sampling frequency for different

Environmental Components
The baseline air quality was established for monitoring criteria air pollutants viz.,
particulate matter in terms of 10 and 2.5 microns, oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur di
oxide at eight locations within the study area.

The AAQ monitoring locations are identified based on the following;

• Upwind, down wind and cross wind directions based on the wind rose
diagram of study area and also considering the nearest villages in those
directions which may have an impact due to the project.
• Away from source & other interferences
• Height of the sampler inlet > 3 m above ground level
• Availability of power supply
• Easy and all-time accessibility to the sampling location
• Free flow of air and well mixed
• Presence of habitation (population) and sensitive receptors.

Samples were collected continuously from all the stations for 24 hours for two
consecutive days in a week for three months. The sampling stations along with their
distance and direction from the project site, ambient air quality monitoring stations
and wind rose diagram showing how wind speed, frequency, distribution and
direction of the location are shown in Table 3.5 and plotted on the google image in
Figure 3.1.

Table 3.5: Location of ambient air quality monitoring stations

Station Distance w.r.t
Name of the monitoring Direction w.r.t
code project
station project site
No. site(km)
AAQ 1 Project site - -
AAQ 2 Basarkod village 1.8 E
AAQ 3 Gudadinni village 3.6 NW
Siddapur P.Talikoti
AAQ 4 1.7 W
village
AAQ 5 Gonal village 4.7 SE
AAQ 6 Rudagi village 4 NE

67
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

AAQ 7 Jettagi village 2.5 S

AAQ 8 Koppa village 4 SW

Figure 3.1: Location of ambient air quality monitoring sampling stations

68
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 3.2: Baseline ambient air quality monitoring photographs

3.2.2.2.1 Wind rose diagram

The wind rose plotted using site specific meteorology data for the year 2020 is
procured from Envitrans, New Delhi and using software use WRPLOT wind rose
modelling software by U.S. EPA Lakes Environmental. The annual wind rose pattern
and the wind rose during the monitoring period is given in Figure 3.3

Annual

69
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

October to December (Baseline monitoring period)

Figure 3.3: Wind Rose diagram of study area

Table 3.6: Description of wind speed and direction of the study area
Calm Average
Predominant wind
Month speed wind speed
direction
% m/s
March to May North East to South West 3.17 4.16
June to September South West to North East 0.55 5.06
October to November North East to South West 4.10 3.11
December to February South East to North West 4.35 3.65
Annual South East to North West 4.16 2.74

3.2.3 Ambient Air Quality at the Project Site and other Locations:
The air quality data analysis at the project site and other locations is tabulated in
Table 3.5. Average, maximum, minimum and 98th percentile values of AAQ and
comparison of baseline values with Ambient air quality standards prescribed in
Environment protection Rules 1986, as per the notification dated 16th November
2009 for industrial, residential & rural areas is shown Table 3.7.

Table 3.7: Air quality data analysis at all locations (October, November,
December 2021) all values in µg/m3 except CO, which is in mg/m3
1 Project Site
Month of PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO

70
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

monitoring µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 mg/m3

63.88 36.74 4.36 9.63 1.4
78.32 39.24 4.63 9.74 1.62
67.81 30.62 4.63 9.55 1.2
72.19 34.26 4.7 9.62 1.3
65.78 34.62 4.73 9.65 1.28
72.11 37.43 4.69 9.72 1.55
October 75.38 37.41 4.73 9.68 1.65
2021 73.44 38.29 4.81 9.73 1.52

69.43 32.67 4.74 9.82 1.2

72.96 31.52 4.78 9.83 1.5
69.13 28.75 4.72 9.58 1.3
58.26 30.39 4.52 9.36 1.28
47.98 23.44 4.68 9.75 1.25
61.23 30.94 4.52 9.38 1.15
November 62.86 28.93 4.52 9.49 1.28
2021 73.48 40.21 4.50 9.68 1.28

68.42 35.13 4.52 9.62 1.34

69.37 35.42 4.68 9.73 1.50
72.38 36.49 4.84 9.73 1.58
67.83 33.61 4.8 9.72 1.6
56.29 28.94 4.53 9.48 1.3
73.44 37.38 4.75 9.8 1.6
December 72.41 38.96 4.81 9.73 1.62
2021 62.85 33.74 4.32 9.28 1.25
2 Basarkod Village
58.63 29.47 4.63 9.47 1.35
72.47 36.62 4.58 9.43 1.55
50.37 22.82 4.29 9.36 1.12
65.62 30.98 4.65 9.6 1.32
62.43 31.74 4.66 9.62 1.35
64.36 35.77 4.72 9.66 1.43
October 63.97 35.62 4.66 9.72 1.62
2021 62.48 37.91 4.72 9.75 1.41

53.29 28.96 4.32 9.75 1.15

58.62 29.12 4.55 9.62 1.32
54.92 23.12 4.52 9.45 1.20
November 55.38 23.66 4.29 9.45 1.35
2021 53.46 25.92 4.83 9.70 1.18

71
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

55.87 26.32 4.5 9.4 1.10

53.29 21.62 4.32 9.45 1.2
63.24 31.73 4.45 9.55 1.25

61.29 33.28 4.5 9.58 1.32

58.46 31.37 4.5 9.68 1.45
68.69 33.48 4.75 9.62 1.52
58.92 27.85 4.60 9.55 1.58
51.38 25.62 4.35 9.23 1.12
71.39 26.33 4.69 9.78 1.52
December 70.82 36.43 4.78 9.71 1.56
2021 58.62 26.74 4.36 9.34 1.35
3 Gudadinni Village
60.33 25.27 4.38 9.44 1.26
64.58 36.29 4.49 9.57 1.48
55.74 24.6 4.3 9.25 1.1
63.88 28.35 4.48 9.52 1.26
53.85 28.93 4.55 9.63 1.22
59.48 28.39 4.38 9.49 1.24
October 68.81 36.42 4.58 9.62 1.52
2021 64.17 35.82 4.39 9.58 1.37

56.35 23.71 4.42 9.58 1.28

63.37 28.34 4.48 9.72 1.18
58.34 26.22 4.38 9.52 1.25
62.81 29.66 4.78 9.45 1.18
56.44 24.9 4.48 9.73 1.2
52.48 25.77 4.72 9.47 1.18
November 59.88 26.24 4.36 9.41 1.15
2021 49.68 28.47 4.37 9.42 1.2

56.33 25.22 4.42 9.35 1.28

53.37 28.52 4.47 9.78 1.38
52.35 26.78 4.45 9.52 1.45
57.58 28.46 4.28 9.4 1.55
49.33 23.46 4.38 9.39 1.25
64.48 32.57 4.75 9.68 1.39
December 59.71 30.48 4.74 9.62 1.28
2021 52.47 26.81 4.28 9.51 1.22
4 Siddapur P.Talikoti village
October 43.17 21.29 4.28 9.35 1.25
2021 57.81 31.43 4.38 9.45 1.42

72
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

43.29 19.73 4.48 9.58 1.26

69.78 35.92 4.78 9.69 1.58
55.45 26.29 4.48 9.53 1.2
58.81 23.47 4.74 9.80 1.35
59.72 28.39 4.49 9.7 1.5
67.81 35.12 4.29 9.38 1.25

47.91 24.18 4.47 9.32 1.4

58.73 26.29 4.62 9.3 1.26
46.74 22.91 4.45 9.38 1.15
48.49 19.26 4.86 9.73 1.26
59.25 28.84 4.58 9.62 1.25
60.57 29.32 4.48 9.53 1.32
November 60.91 31.66 4.48 9.52 1.22
2021 46.74 25.81 4.27 9.38 1.25

50.48 22.49 4.38 9.49 1.25

52.34 26.48 4.35 9.62 1.29
49.78 30.15 4.43 9.39 1.48
61.88 32.43 4.73 9.67 1.42
47.44 23.18 4.25 9.22 1.18
December 62.75 30.62 4.57 9.48 1.28
2021 56.62 29.37 4.6 9.57 1.26

5 Gonal village
38.92 19.36 4.38 9.42 1.18
52.73 29.62 4.33 9.42 1.38
40.36 18.98 4.18 9.22 1.21
53.68 24.95 4.65 9.6 1.45
48.36 23.29 4.35 9.22 1.18
52.26 24.94 4.29 9.26 1.18
October 52.47 26.42 5.3 9.81 1.29
2021 64.41 33.24 4.35 9.44 1.27

50.35 24.63 4.62 9.58 1.3

47.98 22.82 4.38 9.46 1.25
50.86 26.39 4.38 9.25 1.18
49.75 21.58 4.63 9.52 1.25
62.43 33.9 4.81 9.63 1.26
47.73 22.98 4.33 9.43 1.26
November 52.36 25.85 4.52 9.49 1.25
2021 47.53 24.77 4.29 9.38 1.18

73
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

45.81 23.74 4.47 4.51 1.23

47.43 23.92 4.33 9.52 1.26
43.25 25.36 4.38 9.42 1.4
69.75 38.21 4.55 9.63 1.65
52.34 28.11 4.39 9.48 1.19
58.47 26.28 4.36 9.39 1.22
December 43.37 26.18 4.4 9.38 1.29
2021 45.86 22.67 4.41 9.48 1.58

6 Rudagi Village
39.12 21.36 4.25 9.32 1.15
39.88 18.39 4.34 9.42 1.24
49.73 24.62 4.58 9.66 1.14
48.37 26.78 4.52 9.38 1.34
43.62 28.15 4.39 9.48 1.15
46.74 25.63 4.48 9.53 1.26
October 55.81 27.43 4.32 9.29 1.18
2021 69.27 31.58 4.39 9.48 1.28

51.66 23.75 4.51 9.48 1.35

38.21 19.83 4.22 9.34 1.16
52.18 24.86 4.39 9.42 1.1
47.92 23.5 4.19 9.33 1.24
60.63 27.48 4.4 9.77 1.28
58.81 27.43 4.52 9.63 1.53
November 49.62 24.73 4.62 9.58 1.18
2021 51.75 26.38 4.5 9.47 1.21

51.22 26.38 4.59 9.62 1.2

43.75 21.87 4.31 9.47 1.25
42.29 23.42 4.29 9.37 1.28
62.33 29.47 4.38 9.6 1.35
52.15 28.74 4.39 9.35 1.25
53.66 27.81 4.48 9.47 1.28
December 47.62 24.75 4.52 9.37 1.25
2021 39.82 23.54 4.51 9.43 1.3

7 Jettagi village
43.22 24.39 4.27 9.32 1.18
October 46.57 22.81 4.42 9.53 1.28
2021 52.81 26.73 4.69 9.73 1.21

74
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

47.4 23.78 4.37 9.39 1.28

40.18 18.36 4.22 9.15 1.5
41.34 23.47 4.36 9.47 1.36
58.14 29.57 4.39 9.42 1.21
58.36 26.85 4.26 9.58 1.26

52.15 28.81 4.39 9.35 1.4

34.93 18.36 4.29 9.44 1.1
44.86 23.52 4.44 9.33 1.08
54.18 26.29 4.38 9.6 1.13
49.44 24.58 4.47 9.63 1.31
49.76 24.38 4.51 9.45 1.24
November 48.77 23.86 4.45 9.39 1.13
2021 41.28 19.86 4.17 9.22 1.26

60.91 31.86 4.68 9.57 1.27

40.53 19.67 4.28 9.37 1.22
32.47 18.36 4.51 9.63 1.38
77.58 31.62 4.62 9.78 1.20
51.58 27.36 4.62 9.56 1.34
52.15 24.34 4.43 9.19 1.20
December 49.57 26.81 4.62 9.43 1.28
2021 46.51 23.82 4.3 9.28 1.22
8 Koppa Village
37.84 16.22 4.36 9.47 1.15
48.34 25.28 4.37 9.62 1.23
39.48 18.73 4.7 9.62 1.23
42.81 23.74 4.27 9.38 1.2
44.57 20.62 4.5 9.43 1.15
36.81 18.42 4.25 9.37 1.25
October 47.71 23.22 4.33 9.48 1.26
2021 43.49 24.52 4.28 9.43 1.22

58.63 27.92 4.55 9.68 1.32

42.37 19.88 4.37 9.29 1.13
39.85 20.38 4.5 9.32 1.32
57.44 28.93 4.52 9.45 1.21
50.29 26.35 4.82 9.7 1.2
48.63 25.21 4.37 9.43 1.14
November 42.81 19.73 4.30 9.40 1.18
2021 49.92 24.47 4.68 9.62 1.33

75
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

47.44 24.98 4.43 9.38 1.16

35.78 16.37 4.25 9.36 1.20
41.58 23.63 4.43 9.37 1.36
81.35 34.96 4.75 9.8 1.50
46.35 21.28 4.39 9.43 1.19
44.9 20.33 4.51 9.48 1.18
December 51.48 27.38 4.42 9.42 1.5
2021 48.63 23.67 4.26 9.18 1.14

76
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 3.8: Average, maximum, minimum and 98th percentile values of AAQM and comparison with NAAQ standards
PM10 µg/m3 PM2.5 µg/m3 SO2 µg/m3
Particular Max Min Average 98th Max Min Average 98th Max Min Average 98th
AAQ 1 78.32 47.98 67.80 76.91 40.21 23.44 33.96 39.74 4.84 4.32 4.65 4.83
AAQ 2 72.47 50.37 60.33 71.95 37.91 21.62 29.69 37.29 4.83 4.29 4.55 4.81
AAQ 3 68.81 49.33 58.16 66.78 36.42 23.46 28.32 36.36 4.78 4.28 4.47 4.77
AAQ 4 69.78 43.17 54.79 68.83 35.92 19.26 27.21 35.54 4.86 4.24 4.49 4.82
AAQ 5 69.75 38.92 50.77 67.19 38.21 18.98 25.76 36.14 5.3 4.18 4.46 5.06
AAQ 6 69.27 38.21 49.84 65.94 31.58 18.39 25.32 30.57 4.62 4.19 4.42 4.61
AAQ 7 77.58 32.47 48.95 69.58 31.86 18.36 24.56 31.74 4.69 4.17 4.42 4.69
AAQ 8 81.35 35.78 47.02 70.44 34.96 16.22 23.18 32.07 4.82 4.25 4.44 4.53
NAAQ
100 60 80
Standard

NOx µg/m3 CO mg/m3

Particular Max Min Average 98th Max Min Average 98th
AAQ 1 9.83 9.28 9.64 9.83 1.65 1.15 1.40 1.64
AAQ 2 9.78 9.23 9.56 9.77 1.62 1.1 1.35 1.60
AAQ 3 9.78 9.25 9.53 9.76 1.55 1.1 1.29 1.54
AAQ 4 9.8 9.22 9.51 9.66 1.58 1.15 1.32 1.55
AAQ 5 9.81 4.51 9.25 9.72 1.65 1.18 1.29 1.62
AAQ 6 9.77 9.29 9.47 9.72 1.53 1.1 1.25 1.44
AAQ 7 9.78 9.15 9.45 9.76 1.5 1.08 1.25 1.45
AAQ 8 9.8 9.18 9.46 9.75 1.5 1.13 1.24 1.50
NAAQ
80 4
Standard

77
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.2.3.1 Air Quality Inference

At all AAQ Monitoring stations the parameters PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO are
within the limits as prescribed in ambient air quality standards prescribed in
Environment protection Rules 1986, as per the Notification dated 18th November
2009 for industrial, residential & rural areas.

AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI)

An air quality index (AQI) is used by to communicate to the public how polluted the
air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. Public health risks increase
as the AQI rises. Different countries have their own air quality indices, corresponding
to different national air quality standards.

AQI of the baseline monitoring locations for the monitoring period of October to
December 2021 is tabulated below. AQI is calculated based on National Ambient Air
Quality Calculator, CPCB.

Location AQI AQI description

AAQ 1 70
AAQ 2 68
AAQ 3 65
Satisfactory (Minor
AAQ 4 66
breathing discomfort to
AAQ 5 65
sensitive people)
AAQ 6 63
AAQ 7 63
AAQ 8 62

The range of values for AQI with corresponding description is tabulated below.
AQI range Description AQI range Description
Good (0–50) Minimal Impact. Poor (201– Breathing discomfort to
300) people on prolonged
exposure.
Satisfactory Minor breathing Very Poor Respiratory illness to the
(51–100) discomfort to (301–400) people on prolonged
sensitive people. exposure.
Moderate Breathing Severe (>401) Respiratory effects even
(101–200) discomfort to the on healthy people.
people with lung,
heart disease,
children and older
adults.

78
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.3 Noise Environment

Baseline ambient noise levels were measured in 8 locations within the study area.
Noise monitoring locations are selected based on;
• Monitoring locations categorized as commercial area, residential and silent
zone
• Sensitive receptors like schools and hospital areas are taken into
consideration.
• Away from the direct source, away from any vibration and any obstruction

The noise level monitoring carried out Day time (06.00 am to 22.00 pm) and Night
time (22.00 pm to 06.00 am). Location of noise monitoring sampling stations is given
in Table 3.9. Google image indicating noise sampling location is shown in Figure 3.4.

Baseline Noise level monitored results given in Table 3.10. The limits as per
Environmental Protection Rules, 1986 for industrial, commercial & residential areas
are presented in Table 3.11.

Table 3.9: Location of noise monitoring sampling stations

Distance
Direction
Sampling Name of the monitoring w.r.t
w.r.t project
code No. station project
site
site(km)
N1 Project site - -
N2 Basarkod village 1.8 E
N3 Gudadinni village 3.6 NW
N4 Siddapur P.Talikoti village 1.7 W
N5 Gonal village 4.7 SE
N6 Rudagi village 4 NE
N7 Jettagi village 2.5 S
N8 Koppa village 4 SW

79
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 3.4: Location of noise monitoring sampling stations

Figure 3.5: Baseline noise monitoring photographs

80
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 3.10: Noise quality data analysis at all the locations – December 2021
Code Day Max, dB Night Max, dB
No (A) Leq (A) Leq
N1 50.3 42.3
N2 55.4 46.2
N3 47.6 40.3
N4 51.2 41.8
N5 54.4 43.8
N6 55.9 45.2
N7 54.0 43.7
N8 54.9 45.1

Table 3.11: Limits as per Environmental Protection Rules, 1986

Limits as per Env. Protection Rules, 1986 in dB(A)Leq
Industrial Commercial Residential
Silent zone
area area area
Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night
75 70 65 55 55 45 50 40

3.3.1 Noise Observations

The baseline noise levels have been monitored at different locations as indicated in
the Table 3.7 above. The noise levels in the study area vary between 47.6 – 55.9
dBA Leq during day time and 40.3 – 46.2 dBA Leq during night time. The maximum
noise level at all the locations is within the limits specified for industrial/ residential
areas.

3.4 Traffic Study - Transportation due to the proposed project

The sugar plant procures sugarcane from farmers around the industry in a radius of
25-30 km. The main mode of transportation of raw materials is by Tractors and
Bullock carts and Trucks. The movement of Grains and RS/Ethanol is by trucks and
tankers. Apart from the above there will be movement of personnel from their
residence to industry.

Therefore, the vehicles that leading to the factory in the study area are trucks,
tractors, tankers, cars, buses, mini vans, three-wheel autos, bullock carts and two
wheelers.

Approximately 80 -100 Nos of Bullock carts are used for the sugar cane
transportation during the season. The traffic is significant during the sugarcane
crushing season which will be for a period of max. six months. The traffic count study
indicates there will not be any drastic change in the existing traffic pattern of the
area. The location of the factory is 4.8 Km away from the State Highway. The major
traffic will be in the evening between 5 PM to 9 PM.

81
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.5 Water Environment

3.5.1 Reconnaissance Survey
Baseline monitoring is carried out for surface and ground water sources within the
study area.

3.5.2 Surface Water

The major water source within the study zone is River Krishna and the water
requirement for the proposed projects sourced from the same. Surface water
monitoring stations is shown in Figure 3.6 and details given in Table 3.12. The
results of the analysis of surface water samples are in Table 3.13. Surface Water
Quality drinking standards as per the CPCB guidelines is given in Table 3.14.

Table 3.12: Location of Surface Water monitoring sampling stations

Distance from
Sl Monitoring
Code project site in Direction
no station
km
1 Gudadinni lake SW1 3.8 NW
2 Barasakod lake SW2 0.5 NW
3 Madinal lake SW3 3.5 SW
4 Rudagi lake SW4 2.7 N
5 Krishna River SW5 10 S
6 Canal water SW6 1.3 S

82
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 3.6: Location of Surface Water Sampling Stations

Figure 3.7: Surface Water Sampling photographs

83
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 3.13: Surface water quality results – December 2021

Sl. No Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6
1 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 440 550 420 590 300 290
0
2 Electrical Conductivity @ 25 C µS/cm 960.5 1008.0 883.6 1034 588.5 510.4
0
3 pH @ 25 C - 7.65 7.45 8.48 7.56 7.93 8.35
4 Total Hardness (TH) as CaCO3, Max mg/L 195.94 347.44 187.86 323.2 103.02 149.48
5 Chloride (as Cl), Max mg/L 67.02 48.43 76.81 38.65 46.47 36.69
6 Magnesium (as Mg), Max mg/L 23.31 32.91 21.35 24.11 7.05 17.37
7 Iron as Fe, Max mg/L 0.25 1.92 0.19 0.25 0.32 0.12
8 Zinc as Zn, Max mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
9 Lead as Pb mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
10 Nickel as Ni, Max mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
11 Total Chromium as Cr mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
12 Total Suspended solids mg/L BDL 178.7 31.5 BDL BDL BDL
0
13 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 3 days at 27 C mg/L 9.60 10 9 8 3.2 3.2
14 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 24 34 32 20 8 8
15 Free Ammonia as NH3 mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
16 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 6.2 6.1 4.4 6.5 5.1 5
17 Residual Sodium Carbonate, Min mg/L -0.5 -1.38 -0.57 -1.69 -1.62 -0.46

84
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 3.14: Surface Water Quality Standards

(CPCB Criteria for designated Best -Use)
Designated best Quality Primary water quality criteria
use class
Drinking water A ➢ Total coliform organisms (MPN*/100 ml) shall be 50 or
source without less
conventional ➢ pH between 6.5 and 8.5
treatment but with ➢ Dissolved oxygen 6 mg/l or more, and
chlorination ➢ Biochemical Oxygen Demand 2 mg/l or less
Outdoor bathing B ➢ Total coliform organism (MPN/100 ml) shall be 500 or
(organized) less
➢ pH between 6.5 and 8.5
➢ Dissolved Oxygen 5 mg/l or more, and
➢ Biochemical Oxygen Demand 3 mg/l or less
Drinking water C ➢ Total coliform organism (MPN/100ml) shall be 5000 or
source with less
conventional ➢ pH between 6 and 9
treatment ➢ Dissolved Oxygen 4 mg/l or more
➢ Biochemical Oxygen Demand 3 mg/l or less
Propagation of D ➢ pH between 6.0 and 8.5
wildlife and ➢ Dissolved Oxygen 4 mg/L or more, and
fisheries ➢ Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/L or less
Irrigation, E ➢ pH between 6.0 and 8.5
industrial cooling, ➢ Electrical conductivity less than 2250 micro mhos/cm,
and controlled ➢ Sodium Absorption Ration less than 26, and Boron less
disposal than 2 mg/ L

3.5.2.1 Observations of Surface Water Quality

Inference is:
• The pH of the surface water samples collected ranges in between 7.45 – 8.35
• The iron concentrations varied between 0.12 mg/l and 1.92 mg/l.
• Manganese values are in the range of 7.05 mg/l to 32.91 mg/l.
• Total dissolved solids in the water samples range between 290 to 590 mg/l.
• Dissolved Oxygen varies from 4.4 to 6.5

The results for the parameters analysed for surface water samples are compared
with Designated Best Use Practices published by CPCB. The water quality conforms
to class “C” standards. The surface water could be used for domestic purpose after
conventional treatment.

3.5.3 Ground Water

Ground water monitoring stations is selected based on the availability of the
borewells which are mainly in the villages. In order to assess the existing ground

85
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

water quality, the ground water samples were collected from eight different locations
within the study area and analysed as per the procedure specified in standard
methods for examination. Baseline ground water sampling locations, orientation with
respect to the project site is given in Table 3.15 and shown in Figure 3.8.

Table 3.15: Location of ground water monitoring sampling stations

Distance w.r.t
Sampling Name of the monitoring Direction w.r.t
project
code No. station project site
site(km)
GW 1 Project site - -
GW 2 Basarkod village 1.8 E
GW 3 Gudadinni village 3.6 NW
Siddapur P.Talikoti
GW 4 1.7 W
village
GW 5 Gonal village 4.7 SE
GW 6 Rudagi village 4 NE
GW 7 Jettagi village 2.5 S
GW 8 Koppa village 4 SW

Figure 3.8: Location of Ground Water sampling Locations

86
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 3.9: Ground Water sampling photographs

The results of the analysis of Ground water samples collected from the project site
and others locations is appended in the following Table 3.16

87
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 3.16: Ground Water Quality

IS 10500: 2012 standards
Parameters Unit GW 1 GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 GW 5 GW 6 GW 7 GW 8 Acceptable Permissible
Limits Limits
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Max mg/L 500 700 400 750 750 1100 1000 900 500 2000
µS/c 1731.0 1658.0
- -
Electrical Conductivity @ 250 C m 965.2 0 785 1634 1430 1948 1845 0
pH @ 250 C - 7.67 7.57 7.73 7.72 7.95 7.52 7.64 7.41 6.5-8.5 No relaxation
Total Hardness (TH) as CaCO3,
200 600
Max mg/L 222.2 375.72 189.8 224.2 379.7 519.1 355.5 311.08
Nitrate (as NO3), Max mg/L 4.48 43.53 7.11 36.17 35.14 58.25 24.01 18.24 45 No relaxation
Chloride (as Cl), Max mg/L 67.02 129.64 38.65 90.5 57.24 113.0 128.6 100.29 250 1000
Sulphate (as SO4), Max mg/L 66.83 79.02 11.35 86.44 114.1 95.41 140.1 108.16 200 400
Calcium (as Ca), Max mg/L 41.64 92.89 38.44 32.03 72.07 127.3 80.08 61.66 75 200
Magnesium (as Mg), Max mg/L 28.72 34.92 22.81 35.05 48.54 48.88 37.79 38.17 30 100
Fluoride (as F), Max mg/L 2.62 1.42 1.74 2.75 1.15 0.70 2.06 2.61 1 1.5
Iron as Fe, Max mg/L BDL 0.08 BDL BDL 0.15 0.06 BDL 0.08 0.3 No relaxation
Boron mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.23 BDL 0.5 1.0
Sodium mg/L 69.06 102.12 58.38 40.04 56.47 90.18 109.1 40.11 - -
Copper, Max mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 15
Manganese, Max mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 0.3
Cadmium as Cd mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.003 No relaxation
Zinc as Zn, Max mg/L 0.038 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 5 15
Lead as Pb mg/L 0.038 0.080 0.057 0.057 0.043 0.017 0.017 BDL 0.01 No relaxation
Total Chromium as Cr mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 No relaxation
Nickel as Ni mg/L 0.02 BDL BDL BDL 0.03 BDL 0.046 0.039 0.02 No relaxation

88
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.5.3.1 Observations of Ground Water Quality

The results for the parameters analysed for ground water samples are presented
and are compared with standards for drinking water as per IS:10500-2012
"Specifications for Drinking Water"

• The pH of the ground water in study area ranges in between 7.41 to 7.95.
• Chlorides concentrations ranged from 38.65 mg/l to 129.64 mg/l.
• Sulphate concentrations ranged from 11.35 mg/l to 140.1 mg/l.
• Total hardness expressed as CaCO3 ranges from 189.88 mg/l to 519.14 mg/l

The inference is that the ground water collected in study area are within the
permissible limits of standards for drinking water as per IS:10500-2012 except
Fluoride, Nickle.

3.6 Soil Environment

Soil samples were collected at eight locations. The sampling locations are shown in
Table 3.17.
Table 3.17: Location of soil monitoring sampling stations
Soil Distance
Direction
sampling Name of the monitoring w.r.t
w.r.t project
code. station project
site
No. site(km)
S1 Project site - -
S2 Basarkod village 1.8 E
S3 Gudadinni village 3.6 NW
S4 Siddapur P.Talikoti village 1.7 W
S5 Gonal village 4.7 SE
S6 Rudagi village 4 NE
S7 Jettagi village 2.5 S
S8 Koppa village 4 SW

Location of soil monitoring sampling stations is shown in Figure 3.10.

89
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 3.10: Location of soil monitoring sampling stations

Soil sampling photographs

90
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 3.18: Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil – December 2021

Soil
Results
Sl. Parameters
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
No. Unit
Electrical Conductivity
µS/cm 0.351 0.905 0.49 0.436 0.465 0.465
1 (1:2) 0.448 0.442
2 pH (1:2) - 8.65 7.85 8.80 7.66 7.94 7.78 7.39 7.25
3 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 216.8 273.8 273.5 261.1 241.30 220.10 271.09 273.98
4 Available Phosphorus kg/ha 98.1 82.29 86.32 97.11 98.10 96.1 85.28 86.19
5 Available Potassium kg/ha 88.21 BDL BDL 51.45 49.25 BDL 65.23 93.11
6 Organic carbon % 0.39 0.76 0.66 0.60 0.71 0.71 0.38 0.37
7 Colour --- Black Black Black Red Brown Red Black Brown
Textural Classification
Sand % 77.0 42.80 51.61 79.64 33.51 68.75 77.9 76.26
8
Slit % 17.14 14.25 19.35 10.67 13.08 18.75 6.78 8.25
Clay % 5.86 42.95 29.04 9.69 53.41 12.5 15.32 15.49
9 Porosity % 41.63 39.58 42.14 46.83 48.2 42.89 37.62 44.08
10 Sodium Absorption Ratio meq/100g 4.24 3.68 4.21 3.81 4.21 3.62 3.06 3.914
11 Boron PPM 2.06 1.26 1.88 1.94 2.01 1.71 1.68 2.26

91
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 3.19: Inference of soil quality

Sl. Parameter Units Observed Classification/ Interpretation
No baseline value Recommended range
range
1 Color Observation Black soils, Red - -
sandy soils and
mixed soils
2 pH - 7.25 to 8.80 6.3 to 8.3 normal range Soil is alkaline
3 Electrical Conductivity µS/cm 0.351 to 0.905 < 1000 = Normal soil Normal soil with respect
1000 to 2000 = Critical to to soluble salts
crop
> 2000 = Injurious to crip
4 Available Nitrogen as N kg/ha 216.8 to 273.98 < 280 = Low Available N is low to
280 to 560 = Medium medium
> 560 = High
5 Available Phosphorous as kg/ha 82.29 to 98.1 < 22.5 = Low Available P2O5 is high
P2O5 22.5 to 56 = Medium
> 56 = High
6 Available Potash as K2O5 kg/ha 49.25 to 93.11 < 136 = Low Available K2O5 is in low
136 to 337.5 = Medium
> 337.5 = High
7 Organic Carbon % 0.37 to 0.76 < 0.5 = Low Carbon content is low to
0.5 to 0.7 = Medium high range for plant
> 0.7 = High growth

92
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.7 Geology, Hydrology and Hydrogeology (GHH)

The various steps involved for the EIA study with respect to Geology, Hydrology and
Hydrogeology for the proposed project are divided into the following phases:
• Study the existing status in respect to geology, water and soil components of
the environment within the impact zone (10 Km Buffer from the project site)
and identification of significant environmental parameters.
• Study of various activities involved in the proposed project and to identify the
area leading to impact/change in environmental quality with respect to GHH.
• Identification/Prediction of impacts from the identified activities and to study
the levels of impacts on GHH components of the study area.
• Evaluation of significant environmental impacts after superimposing the
predicted impacts over the baseline environmental quality.
• Preparation of EMP for implementation in the proposed project during
construction and operation phases.

The scope of study includes a detailed characterization of baseline environment

quality in an area of 10 km radius of the proposed project site as well as core area
for Soil, Geology (Land), and Hydrology (Water) environment. For the present study,
the project site is considered as core zone and the area lying within 10 km radius
from the project site is considered as buffer zone. The various attributes studied are;

3.7.1 Land Environment

3.7.1.1 Topography
The study area presents moderately undulating terrain. A linear hill with the highest
topographic elevation of 614 m above msl is observed in the NE part of the study
area, east of Kankol, Rudgi and Basarkod Villages. On either side of the hill, towards
the SW part, the lowest altitude of 486 m above msl is observed towards the Krishna
River, beyond the buffer zone area. Similarly, in the NE part hills, the altitude is
varying from 540 to 580 m above msl. The present site is located at an elevation of
550 m above msl. The master slope of the area is towards the SW part of the area.
Topography of the area is presented in Figure 3.11.

93
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 3.11: Topography Buffer Zone area of Project site

94
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.7.1.2 Drainage
The major part of the study area is a part of the minor catchment of the Hire Halla
stream of the Krishna Major Basin. The Hira Halla, a minor stream, directly
confluences with the Krishna River, further beyond the SW of the buffer zone. In the
NE part, a small area of the buffer zone, the streams are flowing towards NE
direction and meeting the Krishna River. The study area presents the dendritic
drainage pattern (Figure 3.12).

Figure 3.12: Drainage and Waterbodies within Buffer Zone area of Project site

The Major River Krishna is flowing 10.5 km SW of the site. The Areshankar
Reservoir across the Hire Halla stream is located about 3 km NW of the site. There
are 4 other small local ponds, more than a kilometre away from the site.

95
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.7.1.3 Geomorphology
The entire district, Physiographically divided in to residual hills, pediments, pediplain
and valleys. The ground altitude varies from 470 to 650 m above MSL. The present
study area is occupied by the pediments and pediplain. Ground water point of these
zones are poor to moderate ground water potential in the area. The ground surface
is flat, gently sloping forming broad valleys

3.7.2 Soils
The district is occupied by three types of soils viz. Black soils, Red sandy soils and
mixed soils. Soils are mostly in-situ in nature. Black soils are derived from basaltic
bedrock. These soils in upland areas are shallower and are deeper in valley portions.
The present study area is covered with Red soils, which are sandy in nature derived
from granites, gneisses and sandstones, are found in Muddebihal taluk in which the
present site, including buffer zone is located. The infiltration rates of these soils
range from 2.6 to 3.8 cm/hr.

3.8 Geology:
3.8.1 Regional geology
The major part of the district is occupied by the basaltic flows of Deccan traps, which
constitute the main rock formation in the north and central part of the district
belonging to Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene Age. The basalts of Deccan Traps
are either horizontal or gently sloping towards southeast. The basalts are generally
dark grey to black in colour.

The formations of Granites and Gneisses of Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC)

and Bhīma Series of Precambrian Age cover a small portion in the south and south-
eastern part of the district. The Granites and Gneisses of Peninsular Gneissic
Complex cover south and south-eastern part of Muddebihal taluk, which forms the
oldest formations in the district.

The granitic rocks are pink in colour, coarse grained with well-developed joints and
are intruded by pegmatite, quartz veins and basic dolerite dykes. The depth of
weathering in the district varies from1.00 to 15.0 m. The Lower Bhīma Series
comprises of flaggy limestone and shales, orthoquartzites and sandstones are
overlying crystalline rocks, which are separated by Basal Conglomerates. The
exposures of these formations are found in the east and north-eastern parts of
Muddebihal taluk of Bijapur district

3.8.2 Local Geology

The present site and its surrounding areas are geologically underlain by granites and
gneisses of the Archaean Age. The granitic rocks are pink in colour, coarse grained
with well-developed joints and are intruded by pegmatite, quartz veins and basic
dolerite dykes. The depth of weathering in the district varies from1.00 to 15.0 m. The
Lower Bhīma Series comprises of flaggy limestone and shales, orthoquartzites and

96
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

sandstones are overlying crystalline rocks, which are separated by Basal

Conglomerates. Bhīma Series are found in the east and north-eastern parts of
Muddebihal taluk of Bijapur district.

Figure 3.13: Hydrogeology of Bijapur District, Karnataka State

3.9 Seismic Zones: The Geological Survey of India (G. S. I.) first published the
seismic zoning map of the country in the year 1935. With numerous modifications
made afterwards, this map was initially based on the amount of damage suffered by
the different regions of India because of earthquakes. Previously, earthquake zones
were divided into five zones with respect to the severity of the earthquakes but the
BIS grouped the country into four seismic zones by unifying the first two zones i.e
Zone I and II. BIS is the official agency for publishing the seismic hazard maps and
codes. There are four seismic zones (II, III, IV, and V) in India based on scientific
inputs relating to seismicity, earthquakes that occurred in the past, and the tectonic

97
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

setup of the region. Zone-5 is the highest seismic zone where as Zone II is said to
be least active seismic zone.

From the map it is seen that the Bijapur District of Karnataka State, as such falls in
the Zone -II which is said to be the least seismic active zone/low damage risk zone.
Possibilities of occurring earthquakes in the study area is remote. Seismic Zones of
India are shown in Figure 3.14.

Figure 3.14: Seismic Zones of India

3.10 Water Environment

Water environment of the project area has been assessed through the maps
available, field visit, available primary and the data collected from State and Central
agencies pertaining to climate, rainfall, hydrogeology, ground water resources
availability etc.

3.11 Climate and Rainfall:

The district experiences semi-arid climate with extreme summers and chilly
winters. Incidence of drought occurs due to inadequate and erratic distribution
of rainfall in space and time. The dust storms and severe heat waves are
common during April and May months. The temperature begins to rise by the end

98
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

of February, till the month May, which is the hottest month. Coldest months are
December and January. The year is divided in to summer season from March to
May, monsoon season from June to September, post-monsoon season from
October to November. The normal rainfall of Bijapur district is 591mm only.
The normal rainfall of Muddebihal T aluk is 652 mm in which the present
site is located.

3.12 Hydrogeology
3.12.1 Regional hydrogeology
The major part of the district is occupied by the aquifers of basaltic flows of Deccan
traps, which constitutes in the north and central part of the district. The Granites and
Gneissic and meta sediments consisting of quartzites and lime atones of Bhīma
Series cover a small portion in south and south-eastern part of the district. Ground
water point of view the formations are called hard rocks.

The groundwater occurs under water table and semi-confined to confined conditions
in weathered, fracture zones in basalts, limestones, shales, orthoquartzites,
sandstones, granites and gneisses. The vesicular portion of different flows vary in
thickness and has the primary porosity. The nature and the density of vesicles, their
distribution and interconnection, depth of weathering and topography of the area are
decisive factors for occurrence and movement of ground water in these units. The
weathered and fractured basalts occurring in topographic lows are the main water
bearing formations in the district.

The study by CGWB indicates that a broad classification of three types of aquifers
viz., The top shallow weathered zone, which extends down to the maximum depth of
30 m and form the shallow or phreatic aquifer, tapping mostly by dug wells dug-cum-
bore wells and shallow bore wells and filter points, 2. Middle zone aquifer, which lies
below the shallow zone extends to a depth of 80 m. and 3. deeper zone to the depth
up to 250 m, which was explored by the farmers. Based on exploratory drilling data
and other bore well data it is inferred that the highest productivity is shown by wells
drilled in the depth range of 20-60m, and further the productivity decreases with
depth. In major part of the district the hard rock aquifers are capable of yielding 1 to
2 lps only.

3.12.2 Local Hydrogeology

The principal aquifer in and around the study area is granites and gneisses, ground
water point of view called hard rock aquifer. Ground water in these formations occur
in weathered, joints, fractures portions of the rocks. The depth of weathering varies
from 5.0 to 20.0 m bgl. In the present study area bore wells of 60 m bgl to 120 m
occasionally up to 200 m bgl common with yields varying from 1.0 to 2.0 lps. Some
bore wells drilled down to a depth of 250 m (private bore wells) recorded very low
(<1 lps) discharge. Water bearing fractures yielding up to 5 lps occur within 60 to 80
m depth, which is the promising zone for groundwater development. At places, deep

99
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

fractures (80 – 100 m depths) with moderately good discharges were encountered.
About 50% of bore wells drilled recorded moderate discharge (3 lps) indicating good
prospects for groundwater development through bore wells with a depth range of 60
– 120 m. The discharge observed was varying from negligible to 7.6 lps. The
Transmissivity (T) is varied from nil to 150 m2/day. The success of bore well depends
upon not only the depth but also technically favourable location. Overall, the hard
rock aquifers in the study area are poor to moderate yielding.

There are four agricultural bore wells and open well in the proposed plant area. The
depth of these bore well are ranging from 60 to 70 m bgl. The water yielding
fractures were encountered at a depth of 50 m bgl. There is open well having a
depth of 10 m bgl and dimensions of 30m x 30m. All the wells together capable of
yielding 250 to 300 KLD. All these bore wells are presently being used for agriculture
purpose and once the land use changed to industrial purpose, all the wells need to
be converted in to industrial use and to be taken permission to extract water for
industrial purpose from the Regulatory Authority.

3.12.3 Groundwater Resource

As per the ground water estimation 2020, the Total Annual Ground Water Recharge
in the Bijapur District is 49999 Ham, however Extractable Ground Water is 45372
Ham only. The Current Annual Extraction for all purposes is 29727 Ham and Net
Ground Water Available for Future use in the District is 16926 Ham. The Stage of
Ground Water Extraction is 65.52% and falling in Safe Category. The Ground Water
Resource Estimation for Bijapur District and Muddebihal are presented in in Table
3.20.

Similarly, in Muddebihal Taluk, in which the study area is falling has the Total
Ground Water Recharge from all sources is 2315 Ham, however, Extractable
Ground Water is 2083 Ham. The Current Ground Water Extraction for all purposes is
1425 Ham and the Annual Ground Water Availability for Future Use is computed to
be around 627 Ham. As such the Muddebihal Taluk has the Stage of Ground Water
Extraction of 68.43% falling in Safe Category.

Table 3.20: Ground Water Resources of Bijapur District and Muddebihal Tehsil
(CGWB-2020)
Bijapur Muddebihal
Details
District Taluk
Total Annual Ground Water Recharge
49999 2315
(Ham)
Annual Extractable Ground Water
45372 2083
Availability (Ham)
Current Annual Ground Water
29727 1425
Extraction (Ham)

100
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Net Annual Ground water availability for

16926 627
future use (Ham)
Stage of Ground Water Extraction (%) 65.52 68.43
Category Safe Safe

3.13 Impact Assessment

The proposed Project is located on a plain and geologically stable area and it does
not get affected easily by earthquakes landslides etc. Any change that occurs due to
construction, on the geology, topography, and soil, will be a one-time change. The
possibility of occurring earthquakes in the study area is remote as the area falls in
Zone-II which is said to be the least seismic active zone.

Generally, HCl and H2SO4 chemicals are used and ethanol is produced on the
premises. Dedicated storage tanks are provided to store these finished
goods/chemicals/ and substances. Proper care must be taken to ensure zero
discharge and measures need to be taken to avoid the escape of any possible
leakage of chemicals to the stream and river. It is suggested that all bulk chemicals
and fuel storage areas shall be provided with dyke walls/bunds to eliminate the
chances of any spillages/ leakages around the tanks entering the stormwater drain,
subsequently into the local agriculture field, and streams. This kind of situation may
seriously affect and contaminate the streams with organic and inorganic wastes from
the industry, subsequently ground water.

Total water requirement for the Plant utilization is 3316 KLD, out of which fresh water
requirement will be about 948 KLD. It is proposed to get the surface water from the
nearby Krishna River/Hire Halla Reservoir. The remaining water of about 2668 is met
from the creation of water from the sugarcane, raw spent wash, concentrated spent
wash, spent lees, etc and these waters will be reused and recycled.

The existing four agriculture bore well and an open well located within the proposed
area need to be converted its usage for industrial purposes after land conversion.
These five wells (4 BW+1 Open wells) are likely to yield around 250 to 300 KLD. In
case it is proposed to use the groundwater from these wells for any contingency,
emergency, complementary or supplementary use for industry. In case any
hindrance to the surface water supply due to technical problems or insufficient
supplies during the drought and low rainfall years from the surface water source,
which otherwise affect the normal production, the ground water from these wells can
be used as a process water in critical supplies. It is necessary to obtain permission
to extract the groundwater for industrial use from the concerned Regulatory
Authority.

Any large-scale and continuous groundwater extraction for Plant purposes alone, as
process water, is a potential threat in terms of declining groundwater levels and

101
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

groundwater depression impacting the other neighbouring groundwater stakeholders

as the area comprises poor to moderately potential aquifers.

In order to regulate the groundwater utilization for the Plant, even on a contingency
or alternate basis, a water meter is to be installed on all the bore well to record the
daily water pump age. If on any day, it is so required to pump continuously water
from the wells, each well shall be pumped on an alternate basis not more than 6
hours’ duration in a day to avoid the interference of cone depression and impact of
pumping of one well on the other. Simultaneously pumping all the wells may create a
ground water depression locally and impact the other ground water stake holders.

Groundwater levels and water quality shall be monitored by constructing two

piezometer wells, one upstream and the other downstream, like the depth of
production wells tapping the same zones. These piezometers shall be installed by
fixing the Automatic Water Level Recorder with the telemetric system to observe
the variation in quality and quantity over time to take appropriate mitigation
measures. This data needs to be submitted to the Regulatory Authority on regular
basis, at least once a year.

It is also suggested to get the plant area investigated by an experienced rainwater

harvesting and artificial recharge expert/ hydrogeologist to draw a comprehensive
recharge plan and site-specific recharge structures to maintain the groundwater
sustainability and to avoid potential risks on the local groundwater regime in general,
on neighbouring stakeholders in specific.

The groundwater declination can be overcome by adopting stormwater and rooftop

rainwater harvesting in the project area. It is proposed to conserve and recharge the
groundwater by diverting the rooftop rainwater into the existing Recharge Shaft in the
proposed area. Similarly, it is also suggested to construct an underground
stormwater tank to collect all the stormwater generated from the open, green belt,
roads, and pavement areas after passing through the desilting tank. This water can
be put into processing after an appropriate treatment process. The rainwater
harvesting alone will meet the process water requirement of the Plant for 46 days,
thus saving freshwater resources.

There is a possibility of stormwater containing a high silt load. Stormwater is likely to

carry the spill over chemicals, oil, and other material handling in the plant premises.
This will potentially contaminate the stormwater. To use the rainwater falling in the
premises will be collected in a rainwater collection tank, after passing through the silt
settling tank. Stormwater will be diverted into the ETP-ZLD plant to put into the water
reuse and recycle.

The industry will implement a proven technology and environment-friendly practices.

The industry is proposing Zero Liquid Discharge Plant to recycle/reuse treated

102
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

effluents for all the proposed requirements for makeup. This will reduce the water
requirement for the plant, hence these practices along with water conservation and
recharge to groundwater in around, especially in the upstream area will have a
negligible impact on the land and water environment in around the proposed site in
terms of modification of any geological and geomorphological features of the area.

3.14 Environmental Management

The information provided by the project proponent about the proposed project
(technical data, approach to environmental protection etc.) and the pre-project
(baseline) environmental status of the study area monitored through field surveys by
M/s. Samrakshan, Bangalore and associated Lab have formed the basis to predict
the environmental impacts on all individual components of environment. In view of
the above, project proponent will be maintained the specifications/details/ data to
improve further towards environmental betterment protection during various phases
of implementation of proposed project. The EMP relevant to construction and
operation phases is delineated in the following sections:

The EMP is required to ensure sustainable development in the study area from the
proposed project, hence it needs to be a holistic approach for which the project
authorities, Government, Regulating Agencies along with the local population have
to work in tandem in the region. The population of the study area need to extend
their cooperation and contribution during construction and operation phase of the
project.

The management action plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the
maximum possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by
control measures and treatment before they are discharged /recycled/ reused.
Specifically, the EMP lays stress on key environmental aspects with mitigation
measures and issues of the project during the construction and operation phase.

In order to minimize these adverse impacts and to ensure that the environment in
and around the proposed project site as well as the neighbouring population is well
protected; an effective EMP will be implemented for the construction phase as well
as the operation phase of the proposed project.

3.14.1 Construction Phase

The proposed project does not involve in the levelling of the site as it is in the plain
area, however, construction of buildings, transportation of the construction material
thereafter heavy equipment is a one-time requirement. Construction phase impacts are
temporary, short-term, and localized phenomena, however, works like the construction
of buildings may modify the landscape, land use pattern of the project locally. Any
dugout soil generated during the Plant construction stage; it will be used to level the
depressions as well as for green belt development. There are no rivulets and streams
to divert to realign. There may not be much change in landscape and land use patterns

103
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

except conversion of the present land from agricultural use to industrial purpose from
the appropriate Authority.

3.14.2 Operation Phase

3.14.2.1 Ground Water Management
Though groundwater is a replenishable resource, proper management of the
resource is essential due to its unequal distribution over space and time. The
distribution over space is controlled by the type of the rock, depth, and weathering
followed by the fracture pattern, intensity, and their extent laterally and vertically
below the ground surface. Groundwater being a dynamic resource migrates
following the topography of the area. Ultimately after having good aquifer material of
sufficient volume, the rainfall precipitation and its infiltration into the groundwater
system play a key role in building up the potentiality of the aquifer system. Hence,
the strategy of groundwater management starts with the precipitation of the rainfall
at the higher reaches of surface basins, through arresting the surface water and
allowing it to percolate into the ground in order to recharge the groundwater system
by means of constructing suitable artificial recharge structures. The quality of
groundwater is also a major concern in recent days. Hence it is always a safe bet to
make rainwater harvesting practices, a mandatory feature in order to lower the
pressure on water/groundwater utilization.

The freshwater requirement to the Plant is 948 KLD only. At present, it is proposed
to extract the surface water from River after taking necessary permissions and
sanctions from the State Government.

After taking due permission from the regulatory Authority for extracting the
groundwater from the existing 4 bore well and an open well. The groundwater
regime will be monitored through the establishment of piezometer wells to collect
water levels and groundwater samples to assess in terms of quantity and quality
over time and space respectively.

3.15 Rain Water Management

The stormwater drainage system consists of a well-designed network of open
surface drains and rainwater harvesting pits along the drains so that all the
stormwater is efficiently drained off without any water logging in the existing site.
Rooftop rainwater will be collected separately and used for other than drinking
purposes as it generally is a good quality of water with low TDS, and does not
contain silt.

3.15.1 Runoff Potential

Runoff volume that can be generated to the normal rainfall of 652 mm (Muddebihal
Taluk Head Quarters Rain Gauge Station) in the proposed site and given in Table
3.21.

104
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 3.21 Muddebihal Taluk Head Quarters Rain Gauge Station

Total of Quantity Peak Peak
Normal
Existing Quantity Run-off of Rainfall hourly Hourly
Annual
and of Rain Coefficient from Rain Quantity
Land use Rainfall
Proposed Water (%) Runoff Water of Rain
(mm)
Areas [3] [4] (m3) (mm) Water(m3)
[2]
(m2) [1] [5] [6] [7]
1 *(2/ 1* (2/ 1000) 1*4*(6
Formulas
1000) *4 /1000)
Built up
652 5277 0.85 4486 35 241
Area 8094
Road Area 25964 652 16929 0.65 11004 35 591
Green Belt
52594 652 34291 0.15 5144 35 276
Area
Open and
71635 652 46706 0.20 9341 35 501
Other Areas
Total 158287 103203 29974 1609
Requirement
of fresh
948 KLD 109 days 32 days 2
water is in
948 KLD
http://cgwa-noc.gov.in/LandingPage/index.htm(reference for Co-efficients

From the Table it is seen that the total quantity of rain that falls on the 158287 m2
(39.11 Acres or 15.82 Ha) of plant area can generate runoff potential without any
interception is 103203 m3 which is equivalent to the freshwater requirement of 109
days of the plant water requirement @ 948 m3.

However, it is only possible to collect the rainwater to harvest to an extent of 29974

m3 in a year which is equivalent to 32 days’ water requirement of the plant.

Out of total runoff rainwater generated from the entire plant area, 4486 m3 (5 days’
water requirement) is from rooftop areas of the buildings and 25489 m3 (27 days’
water requirement) is from the stormwater from open and green belt, roads, and
paved areas in a year.

The peak hourly runoff potential for 35 mm peak hourly intensity of rain will be
collected to an extent of 1609 m3 in the entire Plant area, out of which, 241 m3 from
rooftop area, whereas be it is around 1368 from stormwater collected from open
areas, roads and paved, green belt areas. Stormwater and rooftop rainwater
collected will be sufficient to meet the plant water needs for 1.5 days.

Since the Plant is under construction, all arrangements like gutter to the sheds,
downpipes and channels/pipelines to lead rooftop rainwater and stormwater into the
separately storage tanks/recharge structures, following the slope.

105
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.15.2 Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting

From rooftops sheds and built-up areas, 241 KLD rooftop rainwater is generated for
one-hour intensity. Therefore, it is suggested to divert the entire rooftop rainwater
into the existing Recharge Shaft located within the proposed Plant area in the
lowest contour levels. Firstly, the rooftop rainwater collected in the Recharge Shaft
can be pumped and used for Plant process purposes as well as green belt, washing,
and cleaning purposes. Secondly, the rainwater collected in the Shaft also gets
recharged naturally through the walls and bottom of the shaft. All the rooftop
rainwater proposed to be diverted into the Recharge shaft should, be directed
through a desilting tank of dimensions of 3m x 2.5m x 2m with the arrangement of
baffling walls so that any silt in the rainwater gets trapped in the desilting chamber
and clean water enters the Recharge Shaft.

3.15.3 Stormwater Harvesting

Stormwater will be collected from all the open areas of the plant through
pipes/channels and passed through silt settling chamber. Baffling walls will be
arranged in a silt settling pit to separate the silt gathered. The stormwater collected
in the premises will be around 1368 KLD for peak hour intensity which is equivalent
to 2 days’ plant water requirement. All the stormwater shall be diverted into the
separate stormwater collection tank constructed in a convenient location for recycling
and reuse after appropriate treatment.

Since the water requirement is only 948 KLD, once stormwater is collected for hourly
intensity (1368 KLD), it is sufficient for 2 days Plant water requirement. It is
suggested to construct a stormwater storage tank in a suitable location following the
lowest contour levels with dimensions of 30m x 20m x 2.25m =1350 m3. The water
thus collected would be sufficient to meet the plant water requirement for 39 days in
a year. The stormwater collected should be sent through a desilting chamber of 3.5
m x 3.0 m x 2.0 m dimensions to store silt-free water. It is very likely that the
stormwater being overland flow, gathers spill over chemicals oils other contaminants
from the plant area. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to treat this water
appropriately before reusing and recycling it. Since the Plant area is as big as 15.82
Ha, where ever possible appropriate rainwater harvesting structures shall be taken
up not only to recharge the groundwater but also to keep maintaining the
sustainability of the existing bore wells and a dug well located in the Plant premises
and surround areas.

It is to reiterate that, adopting rainwater harvesting and storing rooftop rainwater and
stormwater in separate structures would suffice the water requirement of the plant for
32 days in a year. However, the rooftop rainwater collected separately would be far
better quality than the stormwater as it is collected directly from the rooftops. For
collecting rooftop rainwater and stormwater in separate structures, separate pipes or
channels arrangement shall be made to lead the water flow into respective structures
as suggested.

106
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.16 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure

Monitoring will confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the form of
direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as
concentrations of discharges, emissions, and wastes, for measurement against
corporate or statutory standards, consent limits, or targets. It may also require
measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a proposed project
site using ecological/biological, physical, and chemical indicators. Monitoring may
include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even
assessment of complaints. Monitoring will also be required to meet compliance with
statutory and corporate requirements. Finally, monitoring results will provide the
basis for auditing.

Post-project monitoring will be carried out as per conditions stipulated in

Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEF & CC/SEIAA, Consent issued by
Government as well as according to CPCB/PCB guidelines. The plant site is
considered a core zone and the area lying within a 10 km radius from the project site
is the buffer zone. In the Buffer zone, the minimum environmental impact should be
observed as per the stipulations.

3.16.1 Groundwater Monitoring

There is a proposal to extract the groundwater from existing four bore wells and an
open well located within the premises. The necessary permission is yet to be
obtained from the concerned Regulatory Authority. However, as a part of
environmental monitoring especially the change in groundwater scenario in terms
of quantity and quality over a period & space and its impact on surrounding
stakeholders, it is mandatory to monitor the groundwater scenario exclusively by
two piezometer wells in the Plant premises. The environmental monitoring plan
is presented in Table 3.22

Table. 3.22 Environmental Monitoring Plan During Operation

Sl Potential Impact Action to be Parameters Frequency of

No followed for Monitoring
Monitoring
1 Ground Water Construction water level Monthly groundwater
level rise/fall and of Two monitoring, level monitoring and
Ground water piezometer groundwater post-monsoon water
quality wells to a quality quality monitoring from
deterioration in depth of 70 m monitoring as two PZ wells with
plant area and bgl within the per the Automatic water level
surrounding areas plant standards recorder (AWLR)
premises following standard
following procedures to meet the

107
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

guidelines of requirement of the

Regulatory Regulatory Authority.
Authority

3.17 Ecology and Biodiversity

Study of biodiversity is one of the important components for EIA in order to
understand the biotic environment of the area, impact on it and to draw the possible
measures to cut down the unfavourable impacts.

Ecology and Bio-diversity expert visit to the project site

3.17.1 Methodology
An ecological survey of the study area was conducted to assess the existing floral
and faunal diversity and to understand the impacts upon them with mitigation
measures to be taken to conserve existing biodiversity in the region. Primary data
has been collected within the project site as well as up to 10 Km radius from project
site with the quadrat method of the size 10 X 10 m for flora and transects of 1 km for
fauna.

In each quadrats, individual plant species of the girth more than 30 cm at breast
height (GBH) and height (total plant height, eye estimation) will be measured and
recorded in the data sheet. Individuals measuring less than 30 cm GBH and more

108
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

than 1 m height will be considered as saplings their GBH and height will be
measured and recorded in the data sheet. Individuals less than 1 m height are
considered as seedlings and their numbers will be recorded in two, 1 m 2 plots on the
opposite corner of the main quadrat (nested sampling). Individuals of herbs, climbers
are also recorded in the subquadrats of 1 m2 on the opposite corner of the man
quadrat as in seedlings. Additional species observed randomly outside the quadrat in
the entire study area are also recorded in the data sheet.

The recorded plant species were categorized into major life form groups such as
trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers and analyzed data accordingly. Further, the
recorded species are grouped into different category based on their nativity,
cultivation types into native – plants native to the country; planted – species chiefly
planted as an avenue plants, ornamental or other purposes; cultivated – mainly of
crop plants cultivated for food, fodder or economic purposes such as horticulture or
cash crops and naturalized – species not native to the country but introduced and
self-propagating and growing around human habitation. These categorizations of
species and their analysis will help in drawing a fruitful mitigation measure on the
impact of the proposed facilities, if any, in the study area.

In each transects, all the faunal species with their identity and number of individuals
will be recorded in the entire stretch of transect. Bird species are recorded with
sightings as well as based on calls. Mammals are recorded both sightings as well as
visual marks on the ground or on the trees, rocks etc. and for other species,
sightings only used. Faunal species are further categorized based on character of
occurrence into resident, breeding, winter visitors and based on frequency of
occurrence into common, rare and very rare. The data analyzed accordingly. This
gives a fair idea in understanding impacts, if any, of the proposed facility.

All data have been recorded in the data sheets. These data will be used together
with the secondary data including the published literature, working plan of forest
department and discussion with the local people pertaining to 10 Km boundary from
the project site to develop the comprehensive checklist of flora and fauna of the
study area.

3.17.2 Assessment of Flora

The vegetation cover in the area comprises mainly cultivated types and small
patches of scrub forests. The cultivated types in the study area with sugarcane,
wheat, ragi and other crops such as maize and jowar, flower crops like marigold,
rose and horticulture crops or plantation crops such as mango, banana.

Dominant trees planted in the premises of the proposed facility are Teak (Tectona
grandis), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Jamoon (Syzygium cumini), Jack (Artocarpus
heterophyllus), Hebbevu (Melia dubia) etc.

109
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Agricultural lands and in the surrounding villages are dominated by tree species such
as Azadirachta indica, Tamarindus indica, Ficus benghalensis, Mangifera indica,
Prosopis juliflora etc. The herbaceous flora in the study area dominated by invasive
species such as Amaranthus viridis, Celosia argentea, Parthenium hysterophorus,
Tridax procumbens etc. and some of the important native species such as Cadaba
fruticosa, Capparis decidua, Premna tomentosa, Phyllanthus spp., Abutilon indicum
etc. Some of the important medicinal herbs such Phyllanthus amarus, P.
maderaspatensis, Abutilon indicum etc. are found in the study region.

Based on field survey, a general checklist of the flora has been prepared for the
study area. In the present study, there are 96 plant species have been recorded and
are belonging to 33 families of flowering plants. Out of the 33 families recorded,
Fabaceae is the dominant family with 16 species recorded (16.67% of the species
recorded) followed by Poaceae with 10 species (10.42% of the total species).
Families having more than five species given in the Figure 3.15

Figure 3.16 shows that recorded species in the study area showed that about half of
the species are of native origin (47%), naturalized species in the study area
represented by 12% and planted and cultivated species represented by 20%. The
representation of species in each life form group in the study area and it clearly
indicates that the study area is dominated by herbaceous flora with respect to
species richness (50%) followed by shrubs trees (27%), shrubs (17%) and climbers
(6%).

Sandalwood (Santalum album) recorded in the study area falling under the red list
category of IUCN (Vulnerable). All the plant species recorded in the study area have
been tabulated in Table 1 with the family they belong and common name to
understand the floristic richness in the area.

110
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 3.15 Families with five or more species recorded in the study area

Figure 3.16: Species categorization in the study area. A. Species represented

based on their nativity; B. Species representation among different life form in the
study area.

Table 3.23: List of flora recorded in the study area

Sl. Scientific Name Family Common Name

Trees
1 Areca catechu L. Arecaceae Adike
2 Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Neem, Bevu
3 Balanites roxburghii Planch. Zygophyllaceae Ingula
4 Cassia fistula L. Fabaceae Kakke gida
5 Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Rutaceae Masi mara
6 Cocos nucifera L. Arecaceae Cocont palm

111
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Sl. Scientific Name Family Common Name

7 Dalbergia sissoo DC. Fabaceae Indian Rosewood
8 Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euphorbiaceae Tirukalli
9 Ficus microcarpa L.f. Moraceae Peelalada mara
10 Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Atti mara
11 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Fabaceae Subabul
12 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Mango
13 Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Sapotaceae Sapota
14 Melia dubia Cav. Meliaceae Hebbevu
15 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Arecaceae Eechalu mara
16 Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Phyllanthaceae Kira nelli
17 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Fabaceae Honge mara
18 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Fabaceae Banni
19 Santalum album L. Santalaceae Srigandha
Senegalia catechu (L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter
20 Fabaceae Kaggali
& Mabb.
Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Siemese tree
21 Fabaceae
Barneby senna
22 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Neerale
23 Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Tamarind
24 Tectona grandis L.f. Lamiaceae Teak
25 Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Indian almond
Bare hannina
26 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae
mara

Shrubs
27 Azima tetracantha Lam. Salvadoraceae Bili Uppi gida
28 Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce Capparaceae Kegnike
29 Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Ekkada gida
30 Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. Capparaceae Kariuppigida
31 Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Tottilu balli
32 Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Papaya
33 Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. Phyllanthaceae Bili huli
34 Grewia hirsuta Vahl Malvaceae Chikku dippe
35 Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Lantana
36 Nerium oleander L. Apocynaceae Kanagalu
37 Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Phyllanthaceae Kari suli
38 Premna tomentosa Willd. Lamiaceae Bachanige mara
39 Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Fabaceae Ballari jali
40 Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Castor
41 Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. Fabaceae Kastoori jali
42 Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Parige hannu

112
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Sl. Scientific Name Family Common Name

Herbs
43 Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Malvaceae Mudre gida
44 Acalypha hispida Burm.f. Euphorbiaceae Fox tail
45 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Uttarani
46 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Bilihindi soppu
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex.
47 Amaranthaceae Honagone soppu
DC.
48 Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Cilakarive soppu
Kaadu hanchi
49 Aristida hystrix L.f. Poaceae
hullu
50 Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC. Asteraceae Gabbu soppu
51 Byttneria herbacea Roxb. Malvaceae
52 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Apocynaceae Periwinkle
Silver cock’s
53 Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae
comb
54 Chloris barbata Sw. Poaceae Uppugaddi
55 Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist Asteraceae Flaxleaf Fleabane
56 Crotalaria hebecarpa (DC.) Rudd Fabaceae Godadhai
57 Croton bonplandianus Baill. Euphorbiaceae Utti gida
58 Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Poaceae Majjige soppu
59 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Garike hullu
60 Datura metel L. Solanaceae Ummathi
61 Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz. Poaceae Nari bala hullu
Kaadu haraka
62 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Poaceae
hullu
63 Echinops echinatus Roxb. Asteraceae Brhamadande
64 Euphorbia heterophylla L. Euphorbiaceae Wild poinsettia
65 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Karihalsoppu
Heteropogon contortus (L.) P Beauv.
66 Poaceae Spear grass
ex Roem. & Schult.
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Sanna bindige
67 Malvaceae
Garcke gida
68 Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka Poaceae Natal grass
69 Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Lamiaceae Vishnu tulasi
70 Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Rubiaceae Diamond Flower
71 Parthenium hysterophorus L. Asteraceae Congress gida
72 Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees Acanthaceae Cibira soppu
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. &
73 Phyllanthaceae Nela nelli
Thonn.
74 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. Phyllanthaceae Madras nelli

113
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Sl. Scientific Name Family Common Name

75 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Forest Burr
76 Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Fabaceae Kolthogache
77 Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Fabaceae Chagche
Dodda antu purle
78 Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult. Poaceae
hullu
79 Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Poaceae Bili kore hullu
80 Sida spinosa L. Malvaceae
81 Solanum virginianum L. Solanaceae Kantakari
82 Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl Verbenaceae Kaadu Uttarani
83 Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. Fabaceae Caribbean Stylo
84 Trichodesma indicum (L.) Lehm. Boraginaceae Indian Borage
Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm.f.)
85 Boraginaceae Ettina nalige gida
R.Br.
86 Trichuriella monsoniae (L.f.) Bennet Amaranthaceae Majjigebern gida
87 Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Adikke soppu
88 Typha angustifolia L. Typhaceae Geeku
89 Vernonia cinerascens Sch.Bip. Asteraceae
90 Waltheria indica L. Malvaceae Ottatti gida

Climbers
91 Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae Gulaganji
Garden
92 Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagaceae
asparagus
93 Clitoria ternatea L. Fabaceae Shankpushpi
94 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dagadi balli
95 Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. Convolvulaceae Muguthi balli
96 Jasminum auriculatum Vahl Oleaceae Suji mallige

3.17.3 Assessment of Fauna

Based on field survey and data from secondary sources (Anil Kumar Ratan. 2013.
Working Plan of Vijayapura (Bijapur) forest division for the period from 2012-13 to
2021-22. Government of Karnataka; www.ebird.org and information from the local
people), a checklist of faunal diversity has been prepared for the area. The data on
the list of fauna of the study area are given in Table 2 with common name and
scientific name. None of the observed faunal species falling in the category of
Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and also not under any IUCN red list
category.

Birds are ideal indicator and are very sensitive to slight changes in the surrounding
environment. They are the indicator of the health of the environment and also the
ecological condition of the prevailing ecosystem. In this regard, study of the avifaunal
diversity is an essential ecological tool to evaluate the health of the habitat. They are

114
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

the principal agent in dispersal of seeds of the plants, which is crucial for the
perpetuation of plant life. Periodic survey of the avifauna will throw a light on the
condition of the environment. In the present context of establishment of industries
and their possible impact on the environment, the baseline data on the occurrence of
bird species plays an important role in periodical assessment of the environmental
condition.

During the present study 54 avifauna has been recorded and out of these recorded
species all are resident only. Of the recorded bird species, 34 species (62.96%) are
commonly occurring and 19 species are rare (35.19%) in the study area. Among the
other faunal species recorded (41 species) in the study area which includes
butterflies, other insects, frogs, reptiles and mammals, 80.49% (33 species) are
common and 19.51% (8 species) are rarely seen in the study area. This faunal
inventory helps in assessing the health of the environment of the region.

Table 3.24: List of Fauna recorded in the study region

Schedule as
per WPA, 1972
Sl Abundan Statu
Common Name Scientific Name & Threatened
No. ce s
Category
(IUCN)

Birds
Common
1 Argya caudata C R Sch IV
Babbler
Green Bee-
2 Merops orientalis C R Sch IV
eater
Red-whiskered
3 Pycnonotus jocosus C R Sch IV
Bulbul
Indian Phalacrocorax
4 C R Sch IV
Cormorant fuscicollis
5 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis C R Sch IV
6 House Crow Corvus splendens C R Sch V
7 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus C R Sch IV
8 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis C R Sch IV
9 Little Egret Egretta garzetta C R Sch IV
Indian Pond
10 Ardeola grayii C R Sch IV
Heron
11 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea C R Sch IV
12 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus C R Sch IV
13 Common Iora Aegithina tiphia C R Sch IV
Common
14 Falco tinnunculus C R Sch IV
Kestrel

115
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

White-throated
15 Halcyon smyrnensis C R Sch IV
Kingfisher
Common
16 Alcedo atthis C R Sch IV
Kingfisher
17 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis C R Sch IV
18 Spotted Owlet Athene brama C R Sch IV
Rose-ringed
19 Psittacula krameri C R Sch IV
Parakeet
20 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis C R Sch IV
Oriental Magpie
21 Copsychus saularis C R Sch IV
Robin
22 Shikra Accipiter badius C R Sch I
23 House Sparrow Passer domesticus C R Sch IV
Black-winged Himantopus
24 C R Sch IV
Stilt himantopus
25 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica C R Sch IV
Common
26 Orthotomus sutorius C R Sch IV
Tailorbird
Dendrocitta
27 Rufous Treepie C R Sch IV
vagabunda
White-browed Motacilla
28 C R Sch IV
Wagtail maderaspatensis
Indian White- Zosterops
29 C R Sch IV
eye palpebrosus
Francolinus
30 Gray Francolin C R Sch IV
pondicerianus
Pericrocotus
31 Small Minivet C R Sch IV
cinnamomeus
Common
32 Actitis hypoleucos C R Sch IV
Sandpiper
33 Common Swift Apus apus C R Sch IV
Yellow-crowned Leiopicus
34 C R Sch IV
Woodpecker mahrattensis
Large Gray
35 Argya malcolmi R R Sch IV
Babbler
Coppersmith Psilopogon
36 R R Sch IV
Barbet haemacephalus
Red-vented
37 Pycnonotus cafer R R Sch IV
Bulbul
38 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata R R Sch IV
39 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra R R Sch IV
Large-billed Corvus
40 R R Sch IV
Crow macrorhynchos

116
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Streptopelia
41 Laughing Dove R R Sch IV
senegalensis
Common
42 Upupa epops R R Sch IV
Hoopoe
43 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis R R Sch IV
Eudynamys
44 Asian Koel R R Sch IV
scolopaceus
Red-wattled
45 Vanellus indicus R R Sch IV
Lapwing
Rufous-tailed Ammomanes
46 R R Sch IV
Lark phoenicura
47 Rock Pigeon Columba livia R R Sch IV
48 Indian Robin Copsychus fulicatus R R Sch IV
Purple-rumped
49 Leptocoma zeylonica R R Sch IV
Sunbird
Asian Palm
50 Cypsiurus balasiensis R R Sch IV
Swift
51 Cinereous Tit Parus cinereus R R Sch IV
52 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus R R Sch IV
Little Ringed
53 Charadrius dubius R R Sch IV
Plover
Blyth's Reed Acrocephalus
54 V R Sch IV
Warbler dumetorum

Butterflies
1 Common Baron Euthalia aconthea C R
Common
2 Melanitis leda C R
Evening Brown
3 Common Castor Ariadne merione C R
4 Common Crow Euploea core C R
5 Plain Cupid Chilades pandava C R
Common
6 Catopsilia pomona C R
Emigrant
Common Grass
7 Eurema hecabe C R
Yellow
8 Yellow Pansy Junonia hierta C R
9 Red Pierrot Talicada nyseus C R
10 Crimson Rose Pachliopta hector C R
11 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus C R
12 Common Tiger Danaus genutia C R
Common
13 Graphium sarpedon C R
Bluebottle
14 Tailed Jay Graphium C R

117
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

agamemnon
15 Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor C R
Badamia
16 Brown Awl R R
exclamationis
17 Baronet Euthalia nais R R
18 Lime Blue Chilades lajus R R
Common
19 Delias eucharis R R
Jezebel
20 White Orangetip Ixias marianne R R

Amphibians & Reptiles

1 Indian Cobra Naja naja C R Sch II (Part II)
2 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa C R Sch II (Part II)
Southern House
3 Hemidactylus frenatus C R
Geko
Checkered
4 Xenochrophis piscator C R
Keelback
Common Dotted
5 Lygosoma punctata C R
Garden Skink
Sphenomorphus
6 Indian Skink C R
indicus
South Indian
Psammophilus
7 Rock Agama C R
dorsalis
Lizard
Indian Chamaeleo
8
Chameleon zeylanicus R R
Duttaphrynus
9 Common Toad R R
melanostictus

Insects
Green Weaver Oecophylla
1 C R
Ant smaragdina
Camponotus
2 Indian Black Ant C R
compressus
Indian Stingless Tetragonula
3 C R
Bee iridipennis
Wandering
4 Pantala flavescens C R
Glider
5 Indian Bee Apis cerena R R

Mammals
Bandicota
1 Bandicoot C R Sch IV
bengalensis

118
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Blacknaped
2 Lepus nigricollis C R Sch IV
Hare
Bonnet
3 Macaca radiata C R Sch II (Part I)
Macaque
Common
4 Herpestes edwardsi C R Sch II (Part I)
Mongoose
5 Field Mouse Rattus norvegicus C R
Common House
6 Rattus rattus C R Sch IV
Rat
Indian Palm Funambulus
7 C R
Squirrel palmarum

3.17.4 Measures
Proper management of rainwater runoff from the premises of the facility to ensure
contaminant free flow. There should proper demarcation of rainwater runoff from the
hazardous waste storage area and other area of the industry premises. Mixing of
these two need to be avoided. Provisions to be made to separate the drains from
hazardous waste storage region and non-hazardous storage region in the premises.

A green belt barrier needs to establishment all along the boundary of the industry to
avoid the escape of dust, emissions and noise from the industry especially in the
southern part of the industry, where boilers have been operating. The greenbelt
could be composed of preferably native tree species such as Hebbevu (Melia dubia),
Jamoon tree (Syzygium cumuni), Kadamba (Neolamarkia cadamba), Hippe
(Madhuca latifolia), Hoovarasi (Thespesia populnea), Honge (Pongamia pinnata),
Bamboo (Bambusa spp.) and may be some exotic species like Ashoka (Monoon
longifolium), Silver oak (Grevillea robusta), Damas tree (Conocarpus lancifolius) etc.
This greenbelt acts as physical barrier.

The proposed facility is not going to cause any fragmentation of habitat or

destruction of breeding grounds or blockage of any migratory routes. There are no
threatened and endemic species or species listed under the schedule I of the WPA
1972 within the 10 km area around the facility except sandalwood.

It is observed during the study that there is one tree species, sandalwood (Santalum
album), which is falling under the Vulnerable (VU) category according to the IUCN
conservation criteria. This species needs to be conserved in the vicinity and
surrounding areas of the industry. This can be achieved through propagation of the
species through seeds.

119
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.18 Socio Economic Environment

3.18.1 Methodology
3.18.1.1 Aim and objectives:
The study area presented in the socio-economic baseline comprises of the following:
• Proposed project location – M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol and Allied Industries
Limited,
• To identify the potential socio-economic positive and negative impacts of the
proposed project;
• To develop attainable mitigation measures to enhance positive impacts and
reduce or avoid negative impacts;
• To develop management and monitoring measures to be implemented
throughout the life of the project.
• Procedure and data collection
• The socio-economic baseline has been prepared in two folds using
secondary and primary methods.

Socio-economic survey photographs

The secondary data mainly focused on studies include of review of published

secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks- 2011 and Primary Census
Abstract of Census-2011), and other govt related govt office and web sources of
available secondary sources of information.

120
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

The primary data were collected through Individual Questionnaire Survey (IQS) and
Focused Group Discussions (FGD). Samples of 72 persons participated from various
communities is analyzed by using SPSS. It measures the impacts on proposed
project in various aspects, awareness of the project and community perceptions
about the proposed project and other related information.

As per Census 2011, the total population of Vijayapura is 2,177,331. Out of which
1,111,022 were males and 1,066,309 were females. This gives a sex ratio of 960
females per 1000 males. The percentage of urban population in Vijayapura is 23.05
percent, which is lower than the state average of 38.6 percent. The decadal growth
rate of population in Karnataka is 15.60 percent, while Vijayapura reports a 20.5
percent decadal increase in the population. The decadal growth rate of urban
population in Karnataka is 4.58 percent, while Vijayapura reports at 1.1 percent. The
district population density is 207 in 2011, which has increased from 172 since 2001.
The Scheduled Caste population in the district is 20.3 percent while Scheduled Tribe
comprises 1.8 percent of the population.

121
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

3.18.2 Demographic detail of study Area:

Basarkod is a medium size village located in Muddebihal Taluk of Bijapur district,
Karnataka with total 60 families residing. The Basarkod village has population of
4746 of which 2361 are males while 2385 are females as per Population Census
2011.

In Basarkod village population of children with age 0-6 is 577 which makes up 12.15
% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Basarkod village is 928 which
is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Basarkod as
per census is 947, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Basarkod village has lower literacy rate compared to overall Karnataka. In 2011,
literacy rate of Basarkod village was 66.04 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In
Basarkod Male literacy stands at 87.24 % while female literacy rate was 50.36 %.

3.18.3 Basarkod Population - Bijapur, Karnataka

Basarkod is a large village located in Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur district,
Karnataka with total 941 families residing. The Basarkod village has population of
4746 of which 2361 are males while 2385 are females as per Population Census
2011.

In Basarkod village population of children with age 0-6 is 577 which makes up 12.16
% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Basarkod village is 1010 which
is higher than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Basarkod as
per census is 949, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

122
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Basarkod village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy
rate of Basarkod village was 66.04 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In
Basarkod Male literacy stands at 77.29 % while female literacy rate was 54.99 %.

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Basarkod village is

administrated by Head of Village who is elected representative of village. Our
website, don't have information about schools and hospital in Basarkod village.

Basarkod Data

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 941 - -

Population 4,746 2,361 2,385

Child (0-6) 577 296 281

Schedule Caste 791 389 402

Schedule Tribe 154 79 75

Literacy 66.04 % 77.29 % 54.99 %

Total Workers 2,697 1,490 1,207

Main Worker 2,379 - -

Marginal Worker 318 123 195

3.18.4 Rudagi Population - Bijapur, Karnataka

Rudagi is a large village located in Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur district, Karnataka
with total 439 families residing. The Rudagi village has population of 2692 of which
1400 are males while 1292 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Rudagi village population of children with age 0-6 is 445 which makes up 16.53 %
of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Rudagi village is 923 which is
lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Rudagi as per
census is 787, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Rudagi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate
of Rudagi village 0was 56.16 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Rudagi Male
literacy stands at 66.64 % while female literacy rate was 45.16 %.

123
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Rudagi village is administrated
by Head of Village who is elected representative of village. Our website, don't have
information about schools and hospital in Rudagi village.

Rudagi Data

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 439 - -

Population 2,692 1,400 1,292

Child (0-6) 445 249 196

Schedule Caste 1,121 581 540

Schedule Tribe 1 1 0

Literacy 56.16 % 66.64 % 45.16 %

Total Workers 1,729 910 819

Main Worker 1,107 - -

Marginal Worker 622 212 410

3.18.5 Gonal Population - Bijapur, Karnataka

Gonal is a medium size village located in Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur district,
Karnataka with total 111 families residing. The Gonal village has population of 677 of
which 324 are males while 353 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Gonal village population of children with age 0-6 is 123 which makes up 18.17 %
of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Gonal village is 1090 which is
higher than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Gonal as per
census is 1196, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

Gonal village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of
Gonal village was 64.98 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Gonal Male
literacy stands at 83.96 % while female literacy rate was 47.20 %.

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Gonal village is administrated by
Head of Village who is elected representative of village. Our website, don't have
information about schools and hospital in Gonal village.

124
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Gonal Data

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 111 - -

Population 677 324 353

Child (0-6) 123 56 67

Schedule Caste 239 105 134

Schedule Tribe 27 14 13

Literacy 64.98 % 83.96 % 47.20 %

Total Workers 388 185 203

Main Worker 343 - -

Marginal Worker 45 18 27

3.18.6 Bidarkundi Population - Bijapur, Karnataka

Bidarkundi is a large village located in Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur district,
Karnataka with total 580 families residing. The Bidarkundi village has population of
3410 of which 1755 are males while 1655 are females as per Population Census
2011.

In Bidarkundi village population of children with age 0-6 is 518 which makes up
15.19 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Bidarkundi village is 943
which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the
Bidarkundi as per census is 884, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Bidarkundi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy
rate of Bidarkundi village was 69.33 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In
Bidarkundi Male literacy stands at 83.24 % while female literacy rate was 54.75 %.

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Bidarkundi village is

administrated by Head of Village who is elected representative of village. Our
website, don't have information about schools and hospital in Bidarkundi village.

Bidarkundi Data

Particulars Total Male Female

125
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Total No. of Houses 580 - -

Population 3,410 1,755 1,655

Child (0-6) 518 275 243

Schedule Caste 696 370 326

Schedule Tribe 2 2 0

Literacy 69.33 % 83.24 % 54.75 %

Total Workers 1,760 1,023 737

Main Worker 1,156 - -

Marginal Worker 604 305 299

3.18.7 Gundakarjagi Population - Bijapur, Karnataka

Gundakarjagi is a medium size village located in Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur
district, Karnataka with total 209 families residing. The Gundakarjagi village has
population of 1094 of which 557 are males while 537 are females as per Population
Census 2011.

In Gundakarjagi village population of children with age 0-6 is 166 which makes up
15.17 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Gundakarjagi village is
964 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the
Gundakarjagi as per census is 1075, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

Gundakarjagi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy
rate of Gundakarjagi village was 49.25 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In
Gundakarjagi Male literacy stands at 61.64 % while female literacy rate was 36.14
%.

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Gundakarjagi village is

administrated by Head of Village who is elected representative of village. Our
website, don't have information about schools and hospital in Gundakarjagi village.

Gundakarjagi Data

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 209 - -

126
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Population 1,094 557 537

Child (0-6) 166 80 86

Schedule Caste 245 120 125

Schedule Tribe 4 1 3

Literacy 49.25 % 61.64 % 36.14 %

Total Workers 667 338 329

Main Worker 638 - -

Marginal Worker 29 9 20

3.18.8 Jettagi Population - Bijapur, Karnataka

Jettagi is a medium size village located in Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur district,
Karnataka with total 328 families residing. The Jettagi village has population of 1982
of which 1028 are males while 954 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Jettagi village population of children with age 0-6 is 287 which makes up 14.48 %
of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Jettagi village is 928 which is
lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Jettagi as per
census is 901, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Jettagi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of
Jettagi village was 59.88 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Jettagi Male
literacy stands at 74.12 % while female literacy rate was 44.62 %.

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Jettagi village is administrated
by Head of Village who is elected representative of village. Our website, don't have
information about schools and hospital in Jettagi village.

127
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Jettagi Data

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 328 - -

Population 1,982 1,028 954

Child (0-6) 287 151 136

Schedule Caste 956 497 459

Schedule Tribe 2 1 1

Literacy 59.88 % 74.12 % 44.62 %

Total Workers 1,059 562 497

Main Worker 1,004 - -

Marginal Worker 55 22 33

3.18.9 Chalami Population - Bijapur, Karnataka

Chalami is a medium size village located in Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur district,
Karnataka with total 178 families residing. The Chalami village has population of
1075 of which 574 are males while 501 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Chalami village population of children with age 0-6 is 146 which makes up 13.58
% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Chalami village is 873 which is
lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Chalami as per
census is 1000, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

Chalami village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate
of Chalami village was 65.77 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Chalami Male
literacy stands at 80.04 % while female literacy rate was 49.07 %.

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Chalami village is administrated
by Head of Village who is elected representative of village. Our website, don't have
information about schools and hospital in Chalami village.

128
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Chalami Data

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 178 - -

Population 1,075 574 501

Child (0-6) 146 73 73

Schedule Caste 267 150 117

Schedule Tribe 0 0 0

Literacy 65.77 % 80.04 % 49.07 %

Total Workers 565 306 259

Main Worker 556 - -

Marginal Worker 9 5 4

3.18.10 Dhavalagi Population - Bijapur, Karnataka

Dhavalagi is a large village located in Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur district,
Karnataka with total 634 families residing. The Dhavalagi village has population of
3233 of which 1651 are males while 1582 are females as per Population Census
2011.

In Dhavalagi village population of children with age 0-6 is 428 which makes up 13.24
% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Dhavalagi village is 958 which
is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Dhavalagi as
per census is 937, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Dhavalagi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy
rate of Dhavalagi village was 67.77 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In
Dhavalagi Male literacy stands at 78.67 % while female literacy rate was 56.44 %.

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Dhavalagi village is

administrated by Head of Village who is elected representative of village. Our
website, don't have information about schools and hospital in Dhavalagi village.

Dhavalagi Data

Particulars Total Male Female

129
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Total No. of Houses 634 - -

Population 3,233 1,651 1,582

Child (0-6) 428 221 207

Schedule Caste 491 248 243

Schedule Tribe 665 335 330

Literacy 67.77 % 78.67 % 56.44 %

Total Workers 1,423 875 548

Main Worker 635 - -

Marginal Worker 788 374 414

3.18.11 Siddapur P Talikoti Population

Siddapur P Talikoti is a Village in Muddebihal Taluka, Bijapur district of Karnataka
state in India. Siddapur P Talikoti population in 2022 is estimated to be 1,376.
According to 2011 census population is 1,204.

Country India

State Karnataka

District Bijapur

Taluka Muddebihal

Location Siddapur P Talikoti

Population(2021/2022) est. 1,204 - 1,376

Population(2011) 1229

Males 645

Females 584

Households 193

Lat 76.0362897

Lng 16.3851559

130
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

The Siddapur P Talikoti Village located in Muddebihal Taluka, 1229 People are living
in this Village, 645 are males and 584 are females as per 2011 census. Expected
Siddapur P Talikoti population 2021/2022 is between 1,204 and 1,376. Literate
people are 640 out of 422 are male and 218 are female. People living in Siddapur P
Talikoti depend on multiple skills, total workers are 771 out of which men are 403
and women are 368. Total 272 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out
of 178 are cultivated by men and 94 are women. 245 people works in agricultural
land as a labour in Siddapur P Talikoti, men are 80 and 165 are women.

Siddapur P Talikoti
Population(2021/2022) est. 1,204 - 1,376

Population(2011) 1229

Males 645

Females 584

Households 193

Siddapur P Talikoti is a Village in Bijapur district of Karnataka, India. It falls under

Muddebihal Taluka. Siddapur P Talikoti population in 2021/2022 is between 1,204
and 1,376 and total households residing are 193.

Demographic Profile of Study Area(All 9 villages):

Sl no Particulars Total Male Female
1 Total No. of Houses 3420 - -
2 Population 18909 9650 9259
3 Child (0-6) 2690 1401 1289
4 Schedule Caste 4806 2460 2346
5 Schedule Tribe 855 433 422
6 Literacy 66.85% 77.54% 57.24%
7 Total Workers 10288 5689 4599
8 Main Worker 7818 - -
9 Marginal Worker 2470 1068 1402

Population Distribution:

131
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Workers Distribution:

Literacy Distribution:

132
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Household Household
Villages Acceptance Ratio
Interviewed Acceptance

Basarkod 6 4 0.67

Rudagi 5 4 0.80

Gonal 4 3 0.75

Bidarkundi 6 4 0.67

Gundakarjagi 3 1 0.33

Jettagi 4 3 0.75

Chalami 5 3 0.60

Dhavalgi 5 4 0.80

Siddapur P Talikot 3 2 0.67

Total 41 28 68.29%

3.19 Field survey and observations

Field survey and observations were made at sampling village and the quality of life of
that region is studied. The census data is collected from census department. A
thoughtful questionnaire is prepared and during survey the questions were asked to
the respondents and given information is recorded.

133
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Observations recorded during survey in the study area:

● Majority of the respondents are engaged in cultivation activity while near
about 50% of the population are engaged in agricultural and its allied
activities. The main crop grown in the study area are Mango, Coconut,
Sugarcane, Paddy, Jowar, Maize, Wheat, Bajra, Green Gram etc.
● No inhabitant found within 0.5 km radius of the project, it is Agricultural
converted for Industrial purpose.
● Sanitation facilities are satisfactory in the study area. There are open drains
from where the sullage wastewater is disposed.
● Power supply facility is available in almost all villages and town in the study
area mostly for domestic purpose.
● Drinking water sources is mostly from bore wells and borewells with hand
pump.
● Medical facilities in terms of primary health center and primary health sub
centers in the rural areas are good. The hospitals are available, have very
good facilities. Doctors and nurse visit the villages for providing medical
treatment.
● Almost all the villagers use Kerosene, LPG as a main source of fuel and few
use wood for cooking purpose
● Communication facility are available in the study area
● Educational facilities are available in the form of primary and middle schools.
In some villages, it is extended up to high school. For higher studies people
avail the facility from the nearest town Muddebihal.
● Nearest education institutes like Pavada Basveshwara college, Govt. High
School, etc.
● Houses of the region are mostly puccha house
● Religious places like Sri Shailapura Temple and Pavada Basveshwara
Temple are located near the project.
● Transportation facility like Govt. Bus Service, Shared Auto services are
available in addition to 2 wheelers which ply frequently.
● Nearest Railway station is Almatti situated at 17 km from project site, and has
connectivity to Bengaluru, Gadag, Hubli, Gulbarga and Solapur.
● Nearest Airport is Kalaburgi situated at 139 km from project site and has
connectivity to Bengaluru.

3.20 Brief Description of nature of Product:

The major product, RS /Ethanol is synthesized from agricultural feed stocks like
sugarcane, corn and broken rice and used in blending with petroleum for
transportation and pharmaceutical industries, paint industries, potable alcohol in
breweries industry. Blending ethanol with petroleum reduces the amount of crude oil
imported from other countries. Bio-fuels are also cleaner burning fuels as their
combustion results in no particulate matter generation. Bio-energy industry across
the world has the potential to make significant contributions to meet the world’s
energy needs. In India, Bio-energy can contribute towards achieving the country’s

134
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

energy security and help reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Large possibilities
exist for biomass resources, in particular energy crops to penetrate power
generation, transport markets, pharmaceutical markets and potable alcohol markets.

The raw material wise conversion efficiency is tabulated in Table 3.25 below:

Table 3.25: Feedstock cost and ethanol yield and Purchase price of ethanol
Quantity of Ex-mill
Cost / MT of the
Feedstock ethanol per MT Ethanol Price
feedstock (Rs.)
of feedstock (Rs./litre)

Sugarcane juice / Sugar / 2850 (Price of

70 litre per ton
Sugar syrup sugarcane at 10% 62.65
of sugarcane
sugar recovery)

B Molasses 13,500 300 litre 57.61

C Molasses 7123 225 litre 45.69

Damaged Food Grains

16,000 400 litre 51.55
(Broken Rice#)

Rice available with FCI 20,000 450 litre 56.87

Maize# 15,000 380 litre 51.55

#The rates vary from region to region and in accordance with demand/supply or
quality.

Supply of ethanol under the EBP Programme has increased from 38 crore litres
during ESY 2013- 14 to 173 crore litres during ESY 2019-20 resulting in increase in
blend percentage from 1.53% to 5.00% respectively. Further, the allocation for the
ongoing ESY (2020-21) has surged to 332 crore litres, which is 91% more in
comparison to the ethanol supplies received during preceding ESY (2019-20).

Quantity Supplied (Ethanol) and %Blending Trends

135
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Source: OMCs
EBP Programme Performance

3.20.1. IMPACT OF EXISTING ETHANOL PRICING MECHANISM

1. Central Government: While petrol is subject to excise duty, GST is levied on
ethanol. While GST would be in the range of Rs. 2.28/litre to Rs. 3.13 per litre
of ethanol based on an ex-mill price in the range of Rs. 45.69/litre to Rs.
62.65/litre, excise duty on petrol is Rs. 32.98/litre. Considering total national
ethanol blending volumes of 332 crore litre, revenue loss to the central

136
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

government due to replacement of petrol by ethanol amounts to Rs. 10,950

crore per annum.

2. Oil PSUs: OMCs pass on to the consumers any change in the price of fuel
due to blending of ethanol and are therefore not impacted by the pricing of
ethanol. At present, excise duty on landed cost of petrol at oil depots is higher
than GST on the landed cost of ethanol and the benefit is being passed on to
the retail consumers. However, in the future, should the price of ethanol
increase beyond that of petrol, consumers may have to pay more for ethanol
blended fuel. In such a scenario, tax (GST) breaks on Ethanol may become
necessary.

3. Environmental Cost: Sugarcane is a water intensive crop. On an average, one

tonne of sugarcane can produce 100 kg of sugar, and 70 litres of ethanol.
Cultivation of each kg of sugar requires 1600 to 2000 litres of water. Hence,
one litre of ethanol from sugar requires about 2860 litres of water. It is
estimated that sugarcane and paddy combined use 70% of irrigation water of
the country12. Keeping in view the need for water conservation, it is advisable
to shift some of the area under sugarcane to less water intensive crops by
providing suitable incentives to farmers. The Task Force on sugarcane and
sugar Industry constituted under the Chairmanship of Professor Ramesh
Chand, Member (Agriculture), NITI Aayog has suggested ways to minimize
water consumption through various means to encourage farm diversification.

4. Ethanol production from non-sugar sources: Share of production of ethanol

from non- sugar sources like damaged food grains and FCI rice is relatively
small. The net returns from sugarcane are much higher than those from food
crops; for example, in Karnataka it was about Rs. 1,13,590 per hectare as
compared to Rs. 33,877 per hectare from paddy and 22,931 per hectare from
maize during FY 2018-19. The situation is similar in other states also. A high
price of sugarcane leads to a higher price of sugar and its by-products like
molasses, ethanol.

5. Environmental impact of choice of feedstock: In the interest of

environmental sustainability, making ethanol available on a pan-India basis
and sharing the benefits of EBP widely, measures to promote production from
non-sugarcane sources, food grains, especially maize14 and second-
generation sources may be promoted through suitable pricing mechanisms.

Project Benefits:
This proposal was targeted at enhancing benefits to the sugarcane farmers.
Government intends to review the programme every year and will offer a fixed price
initially or offer a dynamic formula-based pricing recommended by the Expert
Committee. The programme is expected to become sustainable with the dynamic

137
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

pricing formula which will ensure that there is no adverse impact on oil or the sugar
industry. The proposal relating to variable percentage of blending would ensure that
surplus of ethanol available in different states is adequately absorbed in the EBP
Programme and at the same time deficit in supply in some parts of the country does
not adversely affect the programme on all India basis.

a. Proposed project will help to increase the socio-economic status of the local
people as well as provide the stability to the existing sugar factory.
b. Further it helps to uplift the rural mass.
c. The industry will be in the rural backward region of the state and has a
good scope for development of sugarcane with suitable climatic conditions
and
assured source of underground and surface water.
d. Sugarcane potential available in the area. Sugarcane cultivated in the region
is
presently transported through 30 to 50 km.
e. Favourable policy regime for Fuel ethanol at the Central Govt. and State, with
defined policies regarding sale of fuel ethanol
f. As compared to other crops sugarcane cultivation gives higher economical
returns to the farmers. Hence, with the proposed industry more agricultural
land would be brought under sugarcane cultivation and it benefits the farmers
in the local region.
g. The establishment of the integrated sugar industry will thus meet the national
interest of economic power and food through sustainable development.
h. A large demand is anticipated for alcohol as a fuel. Alcohol is an eco-friendly
product and is a substitute to the imported petroleum.
i. Factory proposes zero liquid discharge method for waste water treatment.
Maximum waste water will be recycled back into the system.
j. Immense benefits can accrue to the country by 20% Ethanol blending by
2025, such as saving Rs.30,000 crore of foreign exchange per year, energy
security, lower carbon emissions, better air quality, self-reliance, use of
damaged food grains, increasing farmers’ incomes, employment generation
and greater investment opportunities.
k. In the case of Ethanol production in Muddebihal, from availability of
sugarcane of Grains of cheaper grade such as Maize, Cowpea, broken rice,
etc. Grain transportation, and availability of cheaper grade of grains, will affect
the cost of grain accumulation, the main cost of ethanol production, hence the
economic feasibility of Ethanol production is likely to be influenced by large
part of Ethanol producers. Availability to minimize grain transport cost and to
purchase sufficient volume of cheaper grade of Maize.
l. Due to abundant availability and Encouraging use of water saving crops to
produce Ethanol, Nadahalli Ethanol production unit scores over.
m. Sugar continues to be the most lucrative food crop for ethanol even though it
has the highest water consumption per acre. Amongst grains, maize is the

138
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

least water-intensive crop that can be used for ethanol production, although
the rate of conversion to ethanol is lower than for rice and broken rice. The
production of ethanol from maize and such other low water consulting
feedstock may be encouraged.

3.20.2 Trade Benefit:

i. At the national and the State levels, the benefits include reduced emissions,
increased tax revenues and reduction in the transportation costs.
ii. At the project and promoter levels, the captioned project offers excellent
opportunities for manufacture of fuel ethanol and improved returns from trade
of emission reductions from the upcoming international emissions trade
market, under the Kyoto Protocol.
iii. The project will have excellent multiplier effect and will become truly a win-win
situation for all the stakeholders. Thus, the proposed project has substantial
socio-economic and environmental benefits at the local, the State, the
Regional and the National levels.

3.21 Economic Impact:

An economic impact analysis (EIA) examines the effect of an event on the economy
in a specified 10km radius of the study area. It usually measures changes in
business revenue, business profits, personal wages, and/or jobs. The economic
event analyzed can include implementation of a new policy or project, or may simply
be the presence of a business or organization. In this study, respondents’
perceptions on economic impact were discussed to identify the various economic
impacts.

The items of increasing land, labour cost, overall income and other related questions
were incorporated. The major activities for the proposed project will include mainly
construction & other associated outlets and mechanical erection. These construction
materials to be used will involve raw materials which are non‐hazardous in nature
such as steel, cement, gravel, rock, earth etc.

Other requirements of the construction will be a usage of

i. construction equipment
ii. transportation vehicles
iii. skilled and unskilled labour.

It is observed from the respondents regarding economic impact; the majority (85%)
of the people agreed there would be more demand for labour on contract and regular
bases in and around the study area. If we investigate employment, the proposed
project needs to hire various positions for jetty construction and laying roads, filling
the land. As a result, skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled people have demand during
the construction and road development. Hence, the people who are technically
qualified in the study limits might have an opportunity for technical positions such as

139
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

operators, civil engineers etc. The people who are illiterate or less educated may
have an opportunity as a non-technical worker during the construction. Due to this
proposed project, people who are in the middle and low poverty line can be benefited
through employability. The people are elevated from below poverty line to above
poverty line. It can be also noticed that local people indirectly might have a source of
revenue as facilitators by providing transportation, food suppliers, petty business etc.

3.21.1 Employment potential – skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled:

The industry is going to be established in the rural region of the state. The industry
during construction phase will employ 30 peoples and on completion will provide
direct 210 jobs and indirect employment to rural persons. The proposed project is
expected to yield a positive impact on the socioeconomic environment.

3.21.2 Health & wellbeing impacts:

In general, the distillery may generate odour nuisance and fugitive dust from
transportation vehicles. Noise and air quality studies are included in the full EIA and
associated impacts need to refer to the social environment. However, the proposed
site is situated far away to the community livings. Hence, it can be concluded there
would be any negative impact on communities with this project. Another side, the
wellbeing of the local people will be developed in the form of direct and indirect
employment.

3.21.3 Public infrastructure & Services:

It is estimated that the proposed project would be caused for Improvement in
communication, transport, education, community development and medical facilities.
The infrastructure development, extension of new roads for smooth transportation of
vehicle, increase of private services due to the activity, frequent health camps will be
campaigned for local people. By increasing of connectivity, people have more
opportunities to enrich their business in various sectors.

Conclusion:
Socioeconomic study has traditionally involved the use of technical and participatory
analytical methods to anticipate change but also encouraging the life cycle of
projects to minimize negative outcomes and maximize benefits. The study was
designed with secondary and primary source. The primary data was collected within
the study area of M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol and Allied Industries Limited, project will
generate fair amount of direct and indirect employment for 210 people in the study
region. Agriculture is main occupation of the villages around the project, the
availability of abundant Feed stocks such as Sugarcane, Maize, Jowar etc have
contributed for the implement of project. This development will boost the standard of
living, Education, Health, Sanitation, etc. The survey was carried with 42 participants
around the project through survey method. The early consideration of social impacts,
the alignment of activities with regional and community planning objectives, and
meaningful participation of community in decision making are key features. Apart

140
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

from the socioeconomic process and findings it can be concluded that most of the
respondents have positive opinions about this proposed project.

141
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER – 4
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES

142
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 4
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.0 Details of investigated environmental impacts due to project location,

possible accidents, project design, project construction, regular operations,
final decommissioning or rehabilitation of completed project
Significant impacts involve understanding the causes, condition, effect relationship
between the activity and associated impact on the environmental parameters are
addressed in this chapter. The impacts from the construction & operation phases of
proposed project are identified and addressed.

4.1 Environmental impacts due to project location, possible accidents, project

design
4.1.1 Introduction
Environmental impact in the study area due to the industrial activity alters
environmental conditions or creation of new set of environmental conditions, adverse
or beneficial, reversible or irreversible caused or induced by the activity of the
project.

The purpose of this Chapter is to identify the potential impacts on environment with
various environmental attributes listed below. The prevailing baseline status with
respect to various attributes are already established and present status of within the
study area is detailed in Chapter 3. The changes in the baseline due to impact
arising out of temporary/recurring activities of the project are assessed to determine
the impacts on environment. This data will help in suggesting mitigation measures to
ensure that the baseline status are not adversely affected even after the project
activity is started whether for short term or long term.

Environmental Attributes are;

a. Air Environment
b. Noise Environment
c. Water Environment
d. Land Environment
e. Socio-economic Environment
f. Ecology and bio-diversity
g. Geology and hydrogeology

4.1.2 Identification & Characterization of Impacts

The wastes and pollutants generated due to various activities of the project are
expected to cause impacts on different environmental attributes. The secondary
impacts are quantified/ rated using the following matrix with due consideration to

143
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

SSPD i.e., Scale of Impact, Severity of Impact, Probability of occurrence of Impact

and Duration of Impact. The purpose is to segregate the vital impacts from trivial
ones to focus with additional attention for these vital impacts for suggesting
mitigation measures.

4.1.3 Criteria for determining significance of impact

Matrix for Identification and rating of impacts is given in Table 4.1 and Criteria for
rating Scale, Severity, Probability and Duration is given in Table 4.2.

Table 4.1: Matrix for Identification and rating of impacts (Template)

Identification and Rating of Environmental Impacts
Sl. Activity Cause/ Impact
No. Aspect Scale Severity Probability Duration Significance
1 to 5 1 to 5 1 to 5 1 to 5 Rating =S x S x P
xD

Table 4.2: Criteria for rating Scale, Severity, Probability and Duration
Scale S Rating Severity S Rating
At the work area 1 Minor Injury requiring first aid 1
Within premises 2 Injury requiring hospitalization 2
Outside Premises in 1 km radius 3 Temporary disability 3
Outside Premises beyond 1 km & 4 Permanent disability 4
less than 5 km radius
Beyond 5 km radius 5 Loss of life/s 5

Probability of Occurrence P Rating Duration D Rating

Once a Year 1 Less than 1 hour 1
Once a month 2 Less than 4 hours 2
Once a week 3 One day 3
Daily but intermittently 4 More than a day 4
Continuous 5 Few months 5

Wherever safety issues are involved with any activity, risk rating is done to quantify
the risk. It is measured as Risk Priority Number i.e. RPN. RPN, is a numeric
assessment of risk assigned to a process, or steps in a process, as part of Failure
Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), in which the assigned each failure mode
numeric values that quantify likelihood of occurrence, likelihood of detection, and
severity of impact. The Matrix and rating will be done after the impacts are identified
and mitigation measures are proposed.

144
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

4.1.4 Impact due to project location

Environmental attributes in the study area around the industry, anticipated impacts
due to project location and mitigation measures are listed in Table 4.3.

145
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 4.3: Environmental impacts and mitigation measures due to project location
Sl. Environmental attribute
Anticipated impact Mitigation measure Remarks
No. w.r.t. project location
1 The industry is in Change in land-use pattern Project land is owned by the --
Basarkod village, proponent.
Muddebihal Taluk, Application submitted for
Bijapur District conversion of land use from
agricultural to industrial use.
2 Agriculture around the Effect on crop if there is no proper • Sugar plant treated effluent to be --
project site viz., irrigation management plan for reused in distillery process
the treated effluent use on land. • Online continuous monitoring
Use of Treated effluent Soils sickness. system to ETP will be provided
water and connected to SPCB /CPCB
• use of sugar plant Effect on photosynthesis by server
treated effluent to deposition of dust on crop • Combined stack of 48 m AGL for
agricultural purpose 60 TPH boiler with individual ESP
Emission from boiler and as air pollution control to be
DG sets provided
• Particulate matter, • Stack of 8 m ARL for DG sets to
SO2, NOx from 60 TPH be provided with acoustics.
& 30 TPH Boilers • Monthly stack and ambient air
• SO2 & NOx from 650 quality monitoring to ensure
kVA DG sets emissions within stipulated limits.
3 The nearest village is • Increase in ambient noise Same as detailed in point 2 above. --
Basarkod village located levels causing disturbance to • Vehicular movement are No major
at about 1.8 km towards people of the surrounding planned during day time and impact
East. villages. will be on the main road. anticipated
• Emissions from • Odor nuisance • Distillery unit to be a ZLD unit. as the

146
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Boilers impacting Treated effluent completely nearest

ambient air quality. used within the system village is 1.8
• Odour problem km away
from the
industry.
4 • Gudadinni lake is at • Surface and ground water • To ensure the zero discharge Krishna
3.8 km towards NW pollution due to runoff of rain for sugar and distillery effluent. river is at
• Barasakod lake is at water from the industrial site • Avoid the escape/ discharge of 10.5 km
0.5 km towards NW • Effect on Agriculture where any leakage of chemicals to the from the site
• Madinal lake is at 3.5 surface /ground water is used. stream. and the
km towards south • The drainage head should be plant will be
• Rudagi lake is at 2.7 provided with small ponds so on ZLD
km towards North. that runoff from the drainage to concept
• One third order be avoided. hence
drainage originating • Rain water harvesting is impact due
from the project site, proposed. to runoff of
which joins bigger storm water
stream (Hire halla) on river is
and ultimate joins not foreseen
Krishna River.
• Surface runoff
carrying treated /
untreated effluent
along with rain water

147
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Possible Accidents
The project impact is divided in two phases:
a. Construction phase: These impacts may be regarded as temporary or short
term and cease with implementation of the project.

b. Operation phase: These impacts are continuous and warranting built in

permanent measures for mitigation and monitoring.

Construction and operation phase of the project will have an impact on some or the
other environmental parameters. Impacts on environmental parameters during
construction and operational phase have been studied to estimate the impacts on
environment.

The impacts have been predicted for the proposed industrial project assuming that
the pollution due to the existing activities has already been covered under baseline
environmental monitoring.

4.2 Characteristics of Environmental Impacts during the construction Phase

and operation Phase
4.2.1 Construction Phase
Construction activity includes civil work and erection of plant and machineries. The
major activities during construction phase include:

1. Site preparation and development

2. Vehicular movement
3. Unloading of construction materials and plant machineries
4. On-site storage of construction materials & plant machineries
5. Civil construction work
6. Erection of plant
7. Maintenance of construction machinery
8. Disposal of solid wastes/construction debris

Table 4.4 Potential accident & mitigation measure during construction phase
Sl.
Potential accident Mitigation measure
No.
1 Unsafe condition • A mechanism will be set up for identifying and
2 Unsafe work practices eliminating unsafe condition and unsafe act by
3 No regular maintenance of conducting safety tour of the plant on a regular
equipments frequency by the top management staff.
4 Not using the PPE • The safety system would also include
5 Not following Standard implementing hierarchy of controls with priority on
Operating Procedures eliminating the source of hazard.
• The system would encompass conducting safety

148
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

trainings, mock drills and other related activities.

• Departmental heads to be made responsible for
any mishaps in the work place.
5 Poor/ non-standard quality All resources will be provided to procure standard
of tools and equipment tools and equipment, relevant PPE and ensure
6 Non availability of relevant their usage. Regular monitoring of all equipments
PPE under preventive maintenance schedule.

4.2.2 Project Design

The project comprises of sugarcane crushing, juice extraction, clarification and
evaporation. The sugarcane juice will be fermented and distilled to produce Ethanol.
Grain will also be used during the off season produce ethanol. It is planned to
provide the intrastate for the above activity. The utility like boiler and cooling tower
will be the supporting systems.

Since the project is green field, the procurement of plant and machinery, construction
of the buildings and erection of P & M will be taken up duly planning the schedule as
per the project management consultant.

In the design stage itself, all environmental criterion will be taken into consideration
to minimize waste generation, handling, storage and disposal. The following are the
infrastructure requirement;

1. Sugar -milling section for juice extraction

2. Distillery – fermentation and distillation columns
3. Captive power plant – turbine generator
4. Raw materials storage area – bagasse/ rice husk
5. Quality Control lab
6. Administrative block
7. Maintenance and Electrical department
8. Utilities- Boiler house, Cooling tower
9. Hazardous waste storage area
10. Effluent treatments systems–MEE and PCTP
11. Security room etc.,

4.2.3 Project Construction

The construction of sugar plant and distillery unit, captive power plant will be in
vacant land. Hence, does not require clearance of trees and buildings.
Environmental impacts during the construction phase are due to site preparation
activity, earth excavation, concreting, fabrication work and transportation. The impact
during construction phase will be fugitive emissions, loss of top soil, noise & traffic
due to vehicular movement. These impacts are temporary in nature and limited to
the construction area. Details are provided in Section 4.4. The overall picture of the

149
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Characteristics of Environmental Impacts during construction phase is given in Table

4.5 and 4.6.

150
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 4.5: Environmental Impacts & Mitigations during construction phase

Activity Impact on Duration Mitigation Measures Significance
Air Environment
• Civil works like levelling, Generation of Short term • To provide barricades all-around the site Low and
excavation, construction, airborne and regularly sprinkling water to reversible
erecting etc. particles affects suppress the dust generated during
• Use of earth moving the surrounding excavation, levelling, and other
equipment for civil work Ambient air operations.
and other vehicles for quality • To deploy well-maintained construction
transporting construction machinery & vehicles.
material could result is Air pollution • To provide covered/closed area for
emissions to environment impact on storing construction materials to avoid
• Unloading of sand, jelly, respiratory dust getting air borne.
metals, bricks etc., and problems to • To communicate the vendors
other construction construction transporting the material for deploying
activities results in dust workers and vehicles with normal emission reports,
• Gas cutting and welding surrounding while issuing the work order
jobs – the release of villagers. • To carry out the welding and cutting jobs
gaseous pollutants have in an area with adequate ventilation/
the potential to have If the dust exhaust arrangement.
higher concentrations in concentration is
work site high, it will
affect the vision
and Eye
irritation.
Noise
• Use of earth moving High noise level Short terms • To provide construction with barricades Low and
equipment for civil work will cause • To provide workers with suitable PPE. reversible
could result in some hearing • To carry out civil works only day time

151
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

noise. impairment, and monitor and regulate the vehicular

• Vehicular movements head ache, movement
carrying construction stress, and
materials hypertension.
• Some intermittent noise Affects
is expected during communication
erection of reactors. between
• Construction debris and workers like
storage of sand etc. head ache,
stress, and
hypertension.
Effect on
animals.
Water Environment
• Water will be required for Surface and Short term • To provide septic tank and soak pit for Low and
domestic purpose for the Ground Water domestic sewage treatment to the Beneficial
workers deployed for quality. workers colony.
construction and erection • To provide secured and closed area for
activities. Waste water If the ground storing of construction debris to avoid
from domestic use from water gets water logging at construction site.
toiles and washing contaminated
with sewage it
will cause
diarrhea,
typhoid etc
Land Environment
• Disposal of excavated Land quality. Long term • To adopt of soil conservation plan viz., Low and
soil and debris may result to store excavated earth and used for Beneficial
in water logging and loss Affects the refilling in foundation, levelling, plinth,

152
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

of fertile topsoil aesthetics, landscaping and excess disposed to

• Runoff during rainy disturb the land filling in low laying areas and road
season & wind carrying topography and construction.
fugitive dust influence on • To segregate the top soil and used for
• Spillage of oil and grease surface water greenbelt/gardening.
natural flow • To collect and dispose and scientifically
pattern any oil spillage in the site

Socio Economics
From above activities Socio Short term • To provide employment opportunities for Low and
economic. skilled and unskilled manpower locally Beneficial
Positive impact available.
Ecology and Biodiversity
Building Construction Ecology and Marginal as top • To construct industry in vacant land and Low
Biodiversity soil is disturbed ensure that, the top soil is stored and
reused.
• To plant local species of trees to attract
the birds, fauna and flora.
Geology and Hydrogeology
Land levelling and foundation Topographic Short term • To maintain the drainage of the area so One time
change that the storm water flow is not affected change
Traffic
Movement of vehicles Transportation Marginal impact. • To ensure the movement of vehicles Low and
& Connectivity during peak time. Beneficial
• To regulate the traffic approaching the
plant site.

153
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 4.6: Characteristics of Environmental Impacts during Construction Phase

Impact characteristics
Environ-mental
Activity Cause Reversible
Attributes Nature Duration Significance
/irreversible
Air Quality Low, as site will be cordoned
Excavation for Direct Short
(PM, SO2, NOx, Reversible and water sprinkling to be
foundation Negative Term
Site CO) done.
preparation Noise generation from Low as site will be cordoned
Direct Short
and Noise levels earth excavating Reversible and it will be ensured that the
Negative Term
development equipment PPE are used by workers
Direct Long
Land Use Industrial land use Irreversible Low.
Negative Term
Transport of
Air Quality
construction material in Direct Short Medium as regular emission
(PM, SO2, NOx, Reversible
trucks & Exhaust Negative Term checks will be performed
CO)
emission from vehicles
Vehicular Low as regular vehicle
movement. Direct Short maintenance will be done and
Noise levels Movement of vehicles Reversible
Negative Term honking in the premises
prohibited.
Risk of accidents during Direct Long Low, as safety measures will
Risk Reversible
transit Negative Term be taken to prevent accidents
Low, as unloaded materials will
Air Quality Unloading of sand, jelly,
Direct Short be properly secured from wind
Un-loading of (PM, SO2, NOx, metals, bricks, steel, Reversible
Negative Term and rain. It will be ensured that
construction CO) cement etc.,
the PPE are used by workers
materials and
Noise generation from Direct Short Low, as it will be ensured that
storage. Noise levels Reversible
use of machinery Negative Term the PPE are used by workers
Land and water Runoff during rainy Direct Long Reversible Low. The material It will be

154
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

season. wind carrying positive term ensured that the PPE are used
fugitive dust. by workers stored in a secured
manner.
Unloading of
Noise generation from Direct Short Low, as it will be ensured that
plant and Noise levels Reversible
use of machinery Negative Term the PPE are used by workers
machinery.
Dust due to the
construction activity and
movement of
Air Quality
construction equipment. Direct Short Low, as it will be ensured that
(PM, SO2, NOx, Reversible
Civil water pollution due to Negative Term the PPE are used by workers
CO)
construction cleaning, washing,
construction Labourers
etc.
Noise levels Use of construction Direct Short Low, as it will be ensured that
Reversible
equipment. Negative Term the PPE are used by workers
Repair of equipment Direct Short Low, as it will be ensured that
Noise Reversible
and testing Negative Term the PPE are used by workers
Maintenance Low, to be done on an
of construction impervious surface and
Spillage of oil and Direct Short
equipment Land Reversible spillage and discarded to be
grease Negative Term
collected and disposed
scientifically.
Direct Short Low, as it will be ensured that
Noise Due to loading Reversible
Negative Term the PPE are used by workers
Disposal of
Low as it will be stored in
construction Due to indiscriminate
Noise, Air and Direct Short designated area with proper
debris storage and disposal of Reversible
Land Pollution Negative Term cover to avoid fugitive dust and
debris
runoff.

155
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Low, as the welding and

Erection of Gas cutting and welding
Direct Short cutting jobs will be carried out
plant and jobs – the release of Reversible
Negative Term with adequate ventilation/
machineries gaseous pollutants.
exhaust arrangement.

156
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

4.3 Air pollution dispersion modelling studies

Dispersion models have been used to estimate or predict the downwind
concentration of air pollutants emitted from point source. The models are typically
employed to determine whether proposed APC facilities will be adequate to control
air pollution and impact on the Ambient Air Quality and further to remain within the
limits specified under National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

Prediction of impacts on the air environment has been carried out using Lakes
Environmental Software, Version 19191 and designed for multiple sources for
predicting the maximum ground level concentration (GLC).

4.3.1 Model Input Data

Proposed project is establishment of integrated sugar mill, distillery unit and captive
power plant. The point source of Air pollution is considered in the mathematical
modelling study and data considered for calculation of GLC is in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7: Data Considered for Calculation of GLC

Stack
Stack Stack Gas
exit gas PM SO2 NOx
Particular height Dia. in velo. in Remarks
temp in g/s g/s g/s
in m m oC m/s

Boiler 60 5 months
48 2.2 125 8.5 2.16 0.848 1.464
TPH operation
Boiler 30 3 months
48 2.2 122 7.6 1.28 0.694 0.833
TPH operation
Site specific Meteorological data from Envitrans, New Delhi has been used for
computations.

4.3.2 Presentation of Results

In the simulations, the incremental concentrations were estimated to obtain an
optimum dispersion of variations in concentrations within study area of 10 km radius.

The incremental concentration prediction made for 24-hourly and annual basis for
proposed activity. The predicted 24-hourly average values are higher when compare
with annual average values and hence 24-hourly values are considered for impact
point of view, being short time exposure and occurs on day of meteorological
conditions.

The maximum values of PM, SO2 and NOx are reported for proposed activity on 24-
hourly basis and are reported in Table 4.8 and to identify the resultant concentration
and peak load of operation of industry. Therefore, summation of maximum baseline
values & incremental concentration and comparison with NAAQ standards is in
Table 4.8.

157
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 4.8: Predicted Maximum (10 km radius) Incremental Concentrations

from proposed point source
Maximum predicted
Description Distance & Direction
concentrations, µg/m3
Particulate Matter (PM) 3.71 Towards South direction
Sulfur di-oxide (SO2) 1.68 at 0.6 km from point
source and within the site
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 2.47
boundary

Air modelling dispersion for maximum values for are shown in Figure 4.0, 4.1 and 4.2
below

Figure 4.1: Predicted GLC value – PM

158
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 4.2: Predicted GLC value – Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Figure 4.3: Predicted GLC value - Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

159
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Wind rose diagram indicating wind direction and speed on day of maximum
GLC is observed

Figure 4.4 Wind Rose diagram (blowing from)

The maximum short-term incremental ground-level concentrations are compared with

the baseline data to get the likely resultant levels during peak loads. Wind speed
during 24 hourly GLC is 4.16 m/s and wind blowing towards south east direction. The
maximum concentrations that can be attained during peak loads are tabulate in
Table 4.9
Table 4.9: Resultant Maximum 24 Hourly Concentrations
Limits as per
Incremental
Average. Max MoEF for
concentrations
Pollutant Units Baseline Resultant industrial
at peak load
concentrations concentration areas
(24 hr average)
(24 hrs)
AAQ 1
PM µg/m3 67.80 1.20 69 100
SO2 µg/m3 4.65 0.6 5.25 80
NOx µg/m3 9.64 0.8 10.44 80
AAQ 2
PM µg/m3 60.33 0.44 60.77 100
SO2 µg/m3 4.55 0.22 4.77 80
NOx µg/m3 9.56 0.29173 9.85 80
AAQ 3
PM µg/m3 58.16 0.19 58.35 100

160
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

SO2 µg/m3 4.47 0.08 4.55 80

NOx µg/m3 9.53 0.13 9.66 80
AAQ 4
PM µg/m3 54.79 0.56 55.35 100
SO2 µg/m3 4.49 0.22 4.71 80
NOx µg/m3 9.51 0.22 9.73 80
AAQ 5
PM µg/m3 50.77 0.26 51.03 100
SO2 µg/m3 4.46 0.12 4.58 80
NOx µg/m3 9.25 0.17 9.42 80
AAQ 6
PM µg/m3 49.84 0.32 50.16 100
SO2 µg/m3 4.42 0.13 4.55 80
NOx µg/m3 9.47 0.22 9.69 80
AAQ 7
PM µg/m3 48.95 0.31 49.26 100
SO2 µg/m3 4.42 0.12 4.54 80
NOx µg/m3 9.45 0.21 9.66 80
AAQ 8
PM µg/m3 47.02 0.27 47.29 100
SO2 µg/m3 4.44 0.10 4.54 80
NOx µg/m3 9.46 0.18 9.64 80

Inference:
The above Table 4.9 indicates that the AAQ parameters remains within the
stipulated standards at peak loads of industrial operation vide Notification No. B-
29016/20/90/PCI-L dated 18.11.2009 issued under EP Rules 1986.

From Air modelling study, the maximum emission values are found at 60 m towards
South direction from the emission sources.

4.4 Traffic Management

Connectivity: The project site is well connected to major cities by Road and railway.
Connectivity to the project site is detailed in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10: Transport facilities to project site

Distance and Direction w.r.t. project
Sl. No. Description
site
1 Nearest highway State Highway at 2.5 km towards East
Almatti Railway Station at 17.0 km
2 Nearest Railway station
towards South West
Kalaburagi Airport 139 km towards
3 Nearest Airport
North East

161
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Note: All distances mentioned are aerial distance.

Road Connectivity to the project site

Project site

Source: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Vijayapura district

4.4.1 Impact of transportation due to the proposed project

Industry will be provided quarters for permanent employees and casual employees
will be sourced from nearby villagers. The movement of personnel from their
residence to industry will be slightly increase the local traffic. The movement of
sugarcane, grains and other raw materials and RS/Ethanol products will result in
change in the existing traffic pattern or noise levels in the area during the sugarcane

162
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

crushing operation which will be for 150 days in a year between October to February
depending on the crop yield in the season. The main mode of transportation of raw
materials is by trucks, lorries, tractors and bullock carts. Other vehicles include cars,
buses, two wheelers etc.

Industry is located between state highway connecting to Muddebihal and Huvin

Hipparagi which is 7 km from project site towards East. The traffic in the area is
distributed throughout the day. The present vehicular traffic density due to the
proposed industry is given in Table 4.11.
Table 4.11: Traffic density due to the industry
Two- Cars Trucks 2 3 Multi Tractors with
Bus
wheeler and jeeps / LCV Axles Axles axle trailers /Turks
150 -200 (for cane
transport-seasonal)
50 - 75 3 2 5-7 8-10 2-4 2
10 Nos. during off
season

4.4.2 Inference of Traffic Impact

The increase in traffic due to the project will be marginal. During sugarcane crushing
season traffic will be higher i.e., during October to February. To manage parking
requirement industry is provided 5 % of land area for vehicular parking within the
premises and there will be traffic on approach road. Existing traffic may double the
entry of the trucks to carry the finished products out of the plant to the destinations.
But the existing roads are adequate to take the load. The approach road to the
factory needs to be improved by black toping for easy movement of traffic and to
avoid fugitive dust.

4.5 Land Use and Land Cover

4.5.1 Introduction
Land-use refers to the way in which the land has been used by humans and their
habitat, usually with accent on the functional role of land for economic activities. It is
the intended employment of management strategy placed on the land-cover type by
human agents, and/or managers. Land-cover refers to the physical characteristics of
earth’s surface, captured in the distribution of vegetation, water, soil and other
physical features of the land, including those created solely by human activities; for
example - settlements. The land use and Land cover are complex and largely
continuous pattern and in order to understand its complexity, it is necessary to
characterize them.

The satellite remote sensing, with its synoptic view and reportativity, is very helpful in
order to cover large areas within a short time to characterize land use / land cover
qualitatively. Remote Sensing is a powerful and accurate means of collecting data.
The study of satellite imagery gives an excellent opportunity to monitor the

163
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

quantitative extent of vegetation cover as well as qualitative changes due to changes

in environment.

4.5.2 Methodology
Land use land cover of the of the study area is derived through interpretation of
satellite remote sensing image in digital environment using remote and GIS software
Erdas Imagine (version 8.5). Satellite Image of the study area downloaded from U.S.
Geological Survey web site USGS Earth Explorer (www.earthexplorer.usgs.gov) and
a land use map was prepared. The following are the steps involved in preparation of
Land use Land cover map.

The optimal season and latest cloud free data chosen for better discrimination of
various land use types in the study are during the month of December. Accordingly,
satellite scene was selected on the USGS website by giving the geographic
coordinates of the project site and acquired the satellite image. The satellite image
selected is from Landsat 8 with Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor comprising of
11 spectral bands. The bands from 1 to 7 have the spatial resolution of 30 m and the
band 8 is having the spatial resolution of 15 m (panchromatic). The band 9 – 11 are
thermal bands with spatial resolution of 100 m, but resample to 30 m. We have used
bands 1 – 7 for classification.

Ortho-rectified satellite image obtained from GSGS website were cross-checked by

overlaying on the geo-referenced Survey of India toposheet for corrections. Geo-
referring was done using UTM projection system with WGS 84 spheroid & datum
and zone 43. Subset of the correctly geo-referenced satellite image was taken using
circular vector layer of 10 km radius from the project site (developed using buffer
function taking project site location as center point). The subset of the satellite image
was subjected to image enhancement including band combinations before subject to
classification for better understand of the land use / land cover classes. Histogram
stretching which is one of the image enhancement techniques applied to a 12-bit
multispectral data. The digital classification technique has been used for the
extraction of the land use / land cover information from the imagery.

Unsupervised classification method with nearest neibhourhood algorithm was used

to classify the satellite image. After the completion of the initial classification, the
classified image was subject to post classification improvements. Here, the
misclassified pixels were re-classified considering small areas of interest (AOI) or
through interactive editing (onscreen visual interpretation) for improved accuracy.

For onscreen interpretation, the satellite data was displayed in standard false color
composite (FCC) format by assigning blue, green and red color of the monitor to the
green, red and near infra-red bands of satellite data respectively, in ordered to
discriminate the land use features clearly. Other band combination were also used in
discriminating the different land use / land cover classes. Satellite image also

164
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

subjected to pan sharpening to enhance the resolution by keeping the multispectral

feature. For this the band 8 of the satellite data with 15 m resolution is merged with
the multispectral image having bands 1 to 7 with 30 m resolution to get the enhanced
image and displayed in standard false color composite (FCC). This enhanced FCC
was used to identify the misclassified pixels and re-classify them into correct classes.
Misclassified pixels were also identified through thorough ground truthing. Ground
truth has been done in the study area using handheld Garmin eTrex GPS for
recording the coordinates of the different land use / land cover classes. These were
used to improve the classified map.

Further, other ancillary data such as drainage pattern, road network, settlements
derived from Survey of India toposheet, Digital Elevation Model obtained from SRTM
data downloaded with USGS Earth Explorer website (www.earthexplorer.usgs.gov)
and contour layers developed from the raster contour function of the Erdas Imagine
software using SRTM DEM were used to improve the land use / land cover
classification of the study area. These data were also used to understand the impact
of the proposed facility and to draw the mitigation measures.

The classified output has a ‘salt and pepper’ appearance, because of the difference
in reflectance value of each pixel. A low pass filter (3 x 3) was applied for
smoothening of the output data and to minimize the ‘salt and pepper’ effect.

4.5.3 Results and Discussion

The date of acquisition of the satellite image for the study area is 20th January 2021
with the path and row of 145 and 49, respectively.

Drainage pattern, road network and settlements in the study area was developed
using Survey of India (SOI) toposheet of the numbers E43V15 and E43W03 of the
scale 1:50,000. Toposheets were downloaded from online maps portal of Survey of
India website (https://onlinemaps.surveyofindia.gov.in). The drainage pattern thus
developed clearly showed that most of the drainage flows towards south direction
except for the few towards east. All these south flowing streams joins Krishna River.
Other major streams Hire halla drains into the Krishna River in the eastern part of the
project site.

The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the study area indicates that, the difference in
the elevation of the study area is 130 m above Mean Sea Level (from 486 – 614 m).

4.6 Land use Land cover classification

Five different land use / land cover classes have been identified in the study area
and the image was classified accordingly. Table 4.12 shows the information about
the extent of identified land use/land cover classes thus derived from the satellite
image in the study area and represented in Figure 4.5.

165
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 4.12: Land use / land cover classes in 10 km area around the project site
Sl. Land use and cover classes Area (ha) Area (%
1 Tree Outside Forest (TOF) 404.24 1.29
2 Agriculture / Agriculture Plantation 19,150.11 61.19
3 Open /Barren / Agricultural Fallow 11,078.33 35.40
4 Built up 384.66 1.23
5 Water body 280.19 0.90

Following are the land use land cover classes in the study area with descriptions of
the each of the classes.

4.6.1 Tree outside forest (TOF)

This land cover class is the sparse trees and avenue trees along the road side and
on the edges and bunds of the agricultural land also around the habitation. These
are mainly of cultivated species planted in those areas. Total area of this land cover
is 404.24 ha with 1.19% to the total area.

4.6.2 Agriculture / Agriculture Plantation

This land use class is crop lands in the area with standing crops and also crops
about to harvest or just harvested in the valleys and low-lying area of study area. Out
of total area, 19,150.11 ha area comes under this land use land cover class. This is
61.19% of total area.

4.6.3 Open / Agriculture Fallow / Barren land

This land use / land cover class is the open areas around the crop fields and around
the built-up area, which is uncultivable or cultivable land currently not under
cultivation. Out of total area, 11,078.33 ha area comes under this land use / land
cover class and this is 35.40% of total area.

4.6.4 Built-up
This land use land cover class is defined as an area of human habitat developed due
to non-agriculture use. The built-up land in 10 km radius from project site comprises
of towns and villages including buildings, Industries, transport and communications
utilities. Out of total area, 384.66 ha area comes under built-up land use land cover
class. This is 1.23% of total area.

4.6.5 Water body

This category comprises areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of
small ponds, reservoirs or flowing as streams and rivers. These are seen clearly on
the satellite image in blue to dark blue or cyan color depending on the depth of
water. These areas were identified and mapped as water bodies; this unit is spatially
distributed in 280.19 ha area with 0.9% to the total area.

4.7 Assessment of Impacts and measures

166
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

There are no forest patches in the study area. Expected disturbance from the
industry such as escape of dust and gaseous pollutants, noise and any leakage of
liquid and solid wastes. Escape of dust from the industry can be prevented by
strengthening the existing shelter belts all along the boundary of the industry, which
also helps to cut down the escape of noise from the industry which otherwise disturb
the faunal diversity exists in surrounding cultivated habitats.

One third order drainage originating from the project site, which joins bigger stream
(Hire halla) and ultimate joins Krishna River. This Krishna River is breeding grounds
for many bird species, necessary care needs to be taken to avoid the possible
impacts of the leaching from the industry wastes (both solid and liquid and organic
as well as inorganic) generates in the premises of the industry to the third stream
which ultimately reaches Krishna River.

Here proper care must be taken to ensure the zero discharge and also measures
need to be taken to avoid the escape of any possible leakage of chemicals to the
stream and river. The drainage head should be provided with small ponds so that
leakages going into the drainage could be avoided. If these leakages going into the
drain are not avoided, then agriculture in the study area may seriously affect due to
the pollution on streams with organic and inorganic wastes from the industry.

167
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 4.5: Satellite image of project site in 10 km radius

168
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 4.6: Drainage pattern, road network, contour layers & settlements in 10
km radius around project site

169
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Figure 4.7: Land use land cover map of project site in 10 km radius

170
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

4.8 Operation Phase

The major activities in the site during operational phase involve storage & handling of
Sugarcane, crushing, juice extraction, storage of bagasse, storage of press mud in
sugar plant and wherein distillery process fermentation, distillation and storage of RS
/ Ethanol, storage of spent wash, yeast sludge, DDGS, Potash powder and Boiler
operations, using excess steam generation of Captive power from steam turbine.
During operation of plant, there are impacts on ambient air, water, land, soil and
noise due to above activities.

The major activities during the operation of the plant contributing to the impact are as
under:
• Raw material transportation
• Raw material storage
• Manufacturing activity
• Operation of boilers viz., fugitive emission during feeding of fuel to boiler,
boiler emission, solid waste (fly ash and bottom ash) handling and disposal
• Water aspects viz., DM plant and RO back wash, spent wash, spent lees,
condensate from evaporator, boiler blowdown, cooling tower bleed, washing
etc.
• Solid and hazardous waste handling and disposal
• Noise due to operation of plant and machineries
• Storage of finished product

The operational phase impact and the mitigation measures are given in the Table
4.13

171
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 4.13: Environmental Impacts & Mitigations during Operation phase

Source Predicted impacts Mitigation measures Remarks
Air Environment
• Raw material • Increase of air pollutants • To provide individual ESP and common Low adverse
handling - PM, SO2 and NOx from 60 48 m AGL stack height for 60 TPH and impact (localized
transportation, TPH bagasse fired boiler 30 TPH bagasse fired boiler to control in nature)
storage during crushing season and and for dispersal of emission.
• CO2 emission from 30 TPH bagasse/ rice husk • To transfer finished products RS
fermentation fired boiler during off /Ethanol using automatic pumping
• Boiler season affects the ambient system to the storage tanks to avoid
• Vehicular air quality fugitive emissions.
movement • Greenhouse gas CO2 • To store bagasse in dedicated to avoid
• ETP area emission from fermentation fugitive emissions.
• Spent Wash process contributing to • To provide five days storage facility for
Lagoons global warming spent wash and use it as fuel in boiler
• Fugitive emissions from • To store press mud in dedicated storge
storage tanks and bagasse area.
area contributing air • To provide dedicated facility for storing
pollution yeast sludge
• Odour generation from • To construct Ethanol storage tanks as
Spent wash and press mud per PESO norms.
storage area, near ETP & • To ensure the regular cleaning and
STP area contributing air watering of internal roads and
pollution movement of vehicles to be restricted.
• Air pollution in the area • To develop and maintain greenbelt
affects the employees and around the periphery of industry
nearby villagers’ health
condition and effect on

172
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

crops.

Quantification of Impacts:
Predicted incremental GLCs
from proposed point sources at
peak load are predicted using
AERMOD software for PM,
SO2 and NOx are predicted to
be 3.72 µg/m3, 1.68 µg/m3 and
2.48 µg/m3 respectively.

The resultants GLCs (baseline

+ predicted incremental
concentration) at peak load for
PM, SO2, NOx is predicted to
be 69 µg/m3, 5.25 µg/m3,
10.44 µg/m3 respectively.
Noise
• Noise from • Increase in Noise levels will • To make mandatory for the workers Low adverse
operation of affect the hearing and officers to use PPE (ear plugs)/ ear impact (localized
Machineries, motor impairment and can cause muffs in high noise area. in nature)
pumps, head ache, stress, • To providing housing/enclosures to
compressors hypertension. motor pumps, compressors, turbines.
• Operation of boilers • Affect the communication • To maintain the machineries and
of 60 TPH bagasse between workers in work conveying system by following routine
fired boilers and place. and periodic maintenance to reduce
steam turbines • Effect Fauna noise generation.
• Vehicular • To provide – silencers to steam safety

173
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

movement Quantification of Impacts: valves and steam straps and to steam

• Process section Ambient Noise level at project main pipelines to boiler
site during day time 55.9 dB • To regulate the speed limit inside plant
(A) Leq and during night time and transportation to be done only
46.2 dB (A) Leq. during peak hours.
• To develop and maintain the greenbelt
at the project site boundary
Water Environment
• Generation of • Effect’s surface and ground • To provide ETP for treating sugar plant Low adverse
process effluents water quality if effluents are effluent and treated effluents to be used impact (localized
from sugar plant disposed of without proper in distillery process in nature)
has the potential to treatment • To provide five days storage for spent
impact soil and wash and concentrate bio-methanated
groundwater • Ground water contamination spent wash in MEE and use
• Generation of with sewage will cause concentrated spent wash in drier to
process effluents diarrhoea, Jaundice etc. produce potash rich powder.
from distillery viz., • To provide Process Condensate
spent wash and Quantification of Impacts: Treatment Plant (PCTP) for treating
spent lees, utility Generation of 1227 KLD of spent lees and condensate from MEE
effluents boiler sugar plant effluent and 1056 along with utility effluents.
blowdown, cooling KLD of Spent Wash and 264 • To reuse treated effluent for cooling
tower bleed, KLD of spent lees and other tower makeup and process dilution to
condensate from utility effluents from distillery. achieve ZLD.
MEE etc., has the • With above system to achieve zero
potential to impact Sugar plant effluent liquid discharge system in industry
soil and characteristics
groundwater
• Generation of BOD: 2500 -3000 mg/l

174
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

domestic sewage COD: 5000 -6000 mg/l

from canteen and
toilets has the Distillery plant- Organic
potential to impact effluent from process plant
soil and characteristics
groundwater COD: 5500 mg/l
BOD: 4000 mg/l
Total solids: 500 mg/l

Quantification of domestic
sewage – 9.6 KLD
characteristics
TDS – 490 mg/l
COD – 360 mg/l
BOD – 260 mg/l
Land Environment
• Discharge of • Change in soil Texture • In respect of effluent management, to No significant
untreated sugar • Land Contamination. follow the concept of ZLD for treat and impact
plant effluent for • Effects the soil quality reuse the treated wastewater in cooling
irrigation which can impact tower makeup and for process.
• Accidental Spillage agricultural yield. • To segregate domestic solid wastes at
of RS/Ethanol source. The wet waste be composted
• Spillage/ disposal and the inert dry waste be disposed to
of hazardous waste authorized recyclers.
• Disposal of press • To cordon the accidental spillage of
mud from sugar spent wash if any, take to respective
plant holding tanks spent wash holding tank.
• Disposal of yeast

175
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

sludge
• Disposal of sludge
from the ETP
• Disposal of
disposal of ash
from the bagasse
fired boiler
Solid Waste Management
• Sugar Plant – press • Effects the soil quality which • To store the used oil in the secured Beneficial
mud, bagasse, lime can impact agricultural yield. manner and dispose to authorized (positive) impact
sludge • Fly ash will impact on vendors.
• Distillery Unit – ambient air quality. • Bagasse to be used as fuel in boiler
Yeast sludge • Lime sludge to be used for filling low
• ETP sludge Quantification of Impacts: lying area
• Boiler ash • Bagasse – 27000 TPM • Press mud, boiler ash and yeast
• Lime Sludge – 30 TPM sludge to be mixed and given to
• Press Mud – 3600 TPM farmers to use as manure
• Yeast Sludge – 195 • ETP sludge to be dried and given to
TPM farmers
• Boiler Ash – 210 TPM
• ETP Sludge – 2 TPM
Socio-Economic Environment
Industrial Operation • Employment of local people • To employ locally available manpower Strongly
• Cultural impact to the maximum possible extent based beneficial
on qualification. (positive) impact
• To engage the local people for raw
material supply, transportation and

176
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

security system.
• Improvement in Economy status of
Farmers
• To aim at capacity building by skill
development to encourage the local
people to take up job in the factory.
• To aim at development of local
infrastructure facility
• To take up development of social
facilities like, temple, educational
facilities to the local etc
Ecology and Biodiversity
Plant Operation Impact on flora, and fauna due • To keep all the pollution control No significant
to the Noise and emission from facility in operating condition and to impact
the boilers meet the regulatory compliance and
beyond to ensure that the biodiversity is
not affected. No trees shall be cut.
Hydrology Contamination of rain water • To store the bagasse in enclosure Positive impact
carrying bagasse pith and • To dispose the press mud
press mud immediately to farmers for producing
farm yard manure
• Rain water harvesting of roof top
water and to use. To recharge the bore
wells. To collect the surface runoff at
the lowest point in the layout by
providing a infiltration tank

177
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

4.9 Summary of Impacts

Significance is arrived at by multiplying the individual ratings assigned to Scale,
Severity, Probability and Duration as the impact is interdependent on each of these
parameters. Higher the value, higher the significance. The significance rating varies
from min 1 to max 256.

Wherever safety issues are involved with any activity, risk rating is done to quantify
the risk. It is measured as Risk Priority Number i.e., RPN. RPN is obtained by
Severity, Probability of occurrence and detectability. Higher the RPN, higher the risk.
Based on the assessment made in the preceding sections the overall impacts due to
the proposed project are summarized in the Table 4.14

Table 4.14: Characteristics of Environmental Impact matrix

Identification and Rating of Environmental Impacts
Impact
Significa
Sl. Cause/ nce
Activity Scale Severity Probability Duration
No. Aspect Rating
1 to 5 1 to 5 1 to 5 1 to 5
=SxSx
PxD
Construction Phase
1 Civil work like Dust getting 2 1 4 1 8
levelling/ Air borne
Excavation Noise 1 1 4 1 4
(includes nuisance
vehicular Domestic 1 1 4 3 12
movement) waste &
construction
debris
management
Spillage of oil 1 1 3 1 3
2 Erection of Gaseous 1 1 4 1 4
Reactors emissions from
fabrication
work
Operation Phase
1 Operation of Air emissions 3 1 4 5 60
Boiler Wastewater 3 1 4 3 36
generation
Boiler ash 1 1 4 5 20
storage and
management
2 Operation of Air emissions 3 1 4 2 24

178
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

DG set Noise 1 1 2 2 4
Nuisance
3 Manufacturin Fugitive 2 1 4 1 8
g Activity and emissions
ETP Bagasse
operation storage
Fugitive 2 2 4 1 16
emissions
Spent wash &
Ethanol
storage
Noise due to 2 2 4 1 16
machinery
Domestic 2 1 4 2 16
Wastewater
Wastewater 2 2 4 3 48
from Utility
Wastewater 2 2 4 3 48
from Process
Domestic Solid 1 1 4 1 4
waste
Hazardous 2 2 4 1 16
Waste
Solid waste - 1 1 4 3 12
press mud,
yeast sludge
management

Those impacts with SSPD score of 24 and above are considered as most significant.
Therefore, the impact on air, water and land (HW) are significant.

4.10 Project Decommissioning

Proposed project is a greenfield project and decommissioning is not anticipated
soon. This industry will be depending on Agri based activity, hence there will be no
decommission will be envisaged.

179
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER – 5
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
(TECHNOLOGY & SITE)

180
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 5
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This chapter describes the criteria for project site selection and process technology
in the proposed project.

5.0 Technology – Alternatives

The raw material sugarcane carries water and fibre material for sugar processing.
The sugar cane crop is about 68% water. The water content of sugarcane is
adequate to meet the water requirement in distillery unit operations. This water is
used in processes to minimise the use of freshwater from the river. The fuel available
in the form of fibre (bagasse) in sugarcane not only produces sufficient steam and
electric power to distillery operations.

The technology/process selection is done based on the following considerations:

• Raw material availability is adequate and can be fetched within 50 km from

the plant
• The process of fermentation is suitable for different feed stocks.
• Sugarcane juice production process is well established
• Generation of captive power from Bagasse which is used to generate steam
and electric power and sugarcane syrup which is used to produce Ethanol to
be self-sufficient with power,
• Distillery unit will be established with latest continuous fermentation
technology and pressure distillation to ensure good recovery of alcohol
• To maximize and make best use of Agri industry in India and helping the
farmers of the nation.
• Company intends to grow and let the farmers of the region grow along with
the Company.
• Least or no risk to human and property
• Least or no adverse impacts on environment

Detailed technology and process description is given in Chapter 2.

5.1 Site – Alternatives

The site for the proposed activity is chosen based on the following distinct
advantages:
• The project land is owned by the company.
• Easy access to raw material
• The site has advantages of easy accessibility to road, electricity, water supply
• Availability of vacant land to establish the composite plant
• Availability of skilled and un-skilled manpower

181
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Geological features of the area and topography

• Seismographic soundness of the place
• Meteorological conditions, maximum and minimum temperature, humidity etc.,
There are no National Parks/ Wild life sanctuaries/Tiger Reserves /Elephant
corridors within study area.
• No historical places and places of tourist importance within study area.
• The plant site does not fall under Critically Polluted area
• Most of the farmers families will be benefitted by employment in the industry
and by sugarcane cultivation and grains.

182
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER – 6
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
PROGRAM

183
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 6
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.0 Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures
(including measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis,
reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement
schedules)

This chapter contains technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation

measures. It ensures the smooth execution of EMP and continual improvement in
meeting the regulatory requirements and beyond.

Monitoring program includes the monitoring of the Environmental Aspects viz.,

ambient air quality, emission form the point source, effluent quantity and quality
monitoring, soil quality analysis and noise level monitoring.

The monitoring programme covers parameters to be monitored for the various

environmental attributes mentioned above, sampling location and the frequency of
monitoring. Also, it includes laboratory and related facilities required. The capital cost
of monitoring is also worked out and presented in subsequent paragraphs.

Besides the above, it is also required to monitor the greenbelt development and
maintenance, rain water harvesting and implementation of Occupational safety and
hazardous aspects as well.

6.1 Purpose of Environmental Monitoring

Monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any project and it is an
integral part of performance assessment process with respect to the Environmental
Management. Hence, monitoring of critical parameters is essential not only for sound
implementation of EMP but also for regulatory requirement.

The aim of monitoring is to provide information that will aid impact management and
to achieve a better understanding of cause-effect relationships and to improve
mitigation methods. Both immediate and long-term benefits can be derived by
undertaking monitoring as part of EIA are widely recognized.

The following are the main objectives of the environmental monitoring program:
• Self-assessment of industry to ensuring that industrial activities are not
affecting the environment and measure the impacts that occur during the
construction and operation phase
• Ensure day to day operational activities are conducted in compliance with the
regulatory requirements and approvals by statutory agencies and industry
standards.

184
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Evaluate the performance of pollution control measures provided and

implemented for mitigation and reducing the adverse impacts during the
operation stage.
• To develop well defined environmental monitoring program designed to
assess the nature and extent of environmental impacts of the proposed
operations and progressively refine such programs against the targets.
• To encourage good environmental management practices through planning,
commitment and continual improvement.
• To comply with all regulations stipulated by the State Pollution Control Board
(SPCB) related to air emission and liquid effluent discharge as per the
Consent Orders accorded under the Air Act and the Water Act and the
standards prescribed in the Environment Protection Rules.
• Compliance with the Authorization granted by the SPCB with respect to
hazardous and other waste management and disposal.
• To reduce the mass load of pollutants on the environment and maximize the
recycling/reuse within the process by corrective actions
• To establish response procedures for actual/potential environmental impacts
including community complaints and ensure corrective action is taken.

6.2 Applicable Environmental and Other Related Regulatory Framework

The proposed project will abide by the following Acts, Rules & Notifications issued by
the Government of India to protect the environment and development in a
sustainable way.
• The Water (prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
• The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
• The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986
• The EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006 and subsequent amendments
thereon.
• The Hazardous and other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary
Movement) Rules, 2016
• The MSIHC (Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals) Rules
1989 and subsequent amendments
• Chemical Accident (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules,
1996
• Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and its amendments
• Department of Factories Boilers, Industrial Safety & Health

6.3 Measurement Methodology and frequency

Ambient air, stack emission, ambient noise level, water quality, soil status and
industrial wastewater are to be monitored on periodically. Monitoring of all
environmental samples shall be done as per the guidelines provided by MoEF & CC/
CPCB / SPCB. The monitoring and analysis method shall be approved/
recommended by MoEF & CC/CPCB and the standards procedures as appropriate

185
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

for parameters not covered by the Authorities. Maintaining all the analysis data and
initiate corrective and preventive action whenever there is abnormality related to
project activity is noticed.

Environmental attributes, Frequency and Parameters is in Table 6.0, The analysis

procedure and the Budget is in Table 6.1 and Locations where online monitoring
required is given in Table 6.2

Table 6.0: Environmental Attributes Frequency and Parameters

Important
Sl. Particulars Monitoring Duration of
parameters for
No frequency monitoring
monitoring
Air environment
1 Ambient Air quality at Once in an
2 consecutive PM10, PM2.5,
Project premises at alternate month
days in a NOx, SO2, CO,
downwind and up wind in off season &
month during NH3
direction at 120o angle. once in a month
crushing
Three locations. during crushing
season & once
season in alternate
months during
off season
2 Stack monitoring a. Boiler stack - Grab & Online
a. Boiler stack – Once in a monitoring
SPM, SO2, NOx
60 TPH month
b. DG set stack - 650 b. Continuous
kVA online
monitoring
system for
Online
emission from
monitoring – PM
boiler and
connected to
KSPCB and
CPCB server
DG set - SO2,
c. DG set only
NOx
after
maintenance
Noise environment
1 At the boundary of the Twice a year Day and Night
factory.
Noise level in dB
2 DG set Once in a year -
(A) Leq.
after the
maintenance
Water environment

186
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

1 Raw effluent Once a month Grab pH, TSS, TDS,

COD, BOD,
potash, chloride
and Phosphate
2 Piezometer Once a month Telemetric Water level
recording
3 All intermediate stages Once a month Grab pH, TSS and
of ETP/PCTP COD
Min once a day Grab pH and COD in
the raw effluent
and MLSS in the
aeration tank
4 Treated effluent Once a month Grab and on- • pH, TSS,
a) Sugar plant ETP line monitor TDS, COD,
outlet Continuous BOD, potash,
online monitoring chloride and
system Phosphate
b) Distillery ETP connected to • Online
KSPCB and monitoring of
CPCB server flow, pH,
BOD, COD &
TSS
• For distillery
surveillance
camera and
flow for the
lean effluent
entering the
CPU
4 Ground Water within Twice a year Grab Ph, TSS,
industry site from, Turbidity, Total
piezometer and outside Hardness
from the immediate
neighbourhood from four
borewells
5 Surface water sources Twice a year, Grab pH, DO, EC,
at inlet point in river before and after TSS, TDS, N, P,
monsoon. K, Chlorides,
bacteriology
Soil environment
1 Within project premises, Once in a year Composite EC, Organic
one at location around sample carbon, pH,
hazardous waste available NPK
storage site

187
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 6.1: Test Procedure and the Budget

Sl. Particulars Methods of Frequency of Cost of Amount Per
No. Monitoring monitoring monitoring year
Air environment
1 Ambient Air PM2.5: IS • During Rs. Rs. 567000/-
quality at project 5182:part-23: 2006 sugarcane 10500/-
premises PM10: IS crushing Per
5182:part-23: 2006 season, twice station.
SO2: IS 5182:part- a month 24
2: 2001 hrs. & once in
NOx: IS 5182:part- alternate
6: 2006 months during
(9 readings per off season.
year) • Three stations
• 54 samples/
annum
2 Stack monitoring PM: IS 11255: • Boiler stack Rs. Rs. 169000/-
a. Boiler part-1: 1985 (12 samples/ 14150/-
SO2: IS annum) Per stack x
11255:part-2: 1985 12 Nos. =
NOx: IS 169000
11255:part-7: 2005
(Once a month)
Noise environment
1 Noise level at Sound level meter • 3 locations
Rs. 3,500/-
the boundary of • 6 samples/ Rs. 63000/-
station
the factory year
Water environment
1 Ground Water Standard analytical • 2 piezometers Rs. 90000/-
procedure for • 4 Borewells Rs. 7500/-
water by APHA • 12 samples/ sample
and AWWA (pre annum
2 Surface water monsoon and post • 1 location Rs. 30000/-
monsoon for SW & • 2 Rs. 10000
samples/
GW samples) sample
annum
3a Sugar Plant (Effluent once in a • Untreated and Rs. 99280/-
Raw and treated month) treated
effluent effluent
3b Distillery Plant • 1 sample / Rs. 5,840/-
Raw and treated month per sample
effluent • Totally 17
samples /
annum

188
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Soil environment
1 Within project Standard analytical • 2 locations Rs. 10000/-
premises near procedure (twice a • 2 samples/
Rs. 2500/-
the effluent year) annum
per sample
collection tank
area
On line monitors stack monitors, piezometer, surveillance camera, flow and 25,00,000
pH, BOD, COD and TSS monitor as in Table 6.2
Total budget for monitoring per annum 3528280/-
Rounded off 3550000/-
Note: The monitoring cost may vary with the requirement as per the stipulation in the
consent and Environmental Clearance.

6.3.1 Online monitoring

Online monitoring system to be provided and connected to CPCB/KSPCB portal is in
Table 6.2 above and the locations in Table 6.3 below.

Table 6.2: Locations where online monitoring required

Source to which Cost in
Sl. the monitoring Parameter to Rs.
Location of the online monitor
No. system to be be monitored
provided
Spent wash flow Quantity of Spent wash flow to spent wash Rs.
to spent wash flow lagoon. 25,00,000/
lagoon. Spent wash feed in to MEE. -
1.
Spent wash feed
in to MEE.
MEE to ETP inlet.
To monitor the Surveillance IP camera with TILT Zoom, 5x or
effluent entry in above focal length, with night
to the MEE, flow vision capability and should be
to ensure effluent installed at adequate number of
2. is not bypassed. places. Such number of Cameras
should be strategically installed
from where real-time situation of
effluent disposed and utilized can
be visualized.
Stack attached to Particulate At 8 times the diameter of the
boilers matter straight duct after ESP or 2 time
3.
the diameter from the top of the
chimney.
ETP treated pH, BOD, Treated effluent- Sugar plant
4. water of sugar COD, TSS,
plant FLOW

189
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

6.4 Other Environment related Monitoring

Other environmental related monitoring frequency and cost of monitoring is given
Table 6.3.
Table 6.3: Other environmental related monitoring
Cost of
Sl.
Monitoring Particulars Frequency monitoring in
No.
Rs
The greenbelt to monitor the survival rate Once a month In house
1 of plantation and to confirm that the growth
is adequate and on expected lines
The safety performance of the plant and Once a year 25,000/-
reviewed with specific reference to by external
incidents/ accidents which have impact on agency
2 the environment like spillages which can
result in air & water pollution, soil Once in a
contamination month by in
house
Monitor the drainage system in the plant to Once a In house
3 prevent entry of storm water to the ETP Quarter
and vice versa
Monitor drains carrying storm water or Once a In house
4
waste water for ensuring timely cleaning Quarter
Noise generating equipment are monitored Once a month In house
5 for deterioration in noise levels to initiate
corrective action
Monitor Hazardous waste storage sites to Once a month In house
6 ensure good housekeeping to avoid cross
contamination
Monitor raw material consumption, water Daily In house
consumption, wastewater generation per
7 unit mass/volume of product to ensure that
they remain within expected norms and to
act to further reduce
Monitor the training imparted to the Once a year. 50,000/-
workforce to ensure that the workmen are And once a
adequately trained in matters which have month by in
8 relevance to the impact on environmental house experts.
attributes like handling of hazardous
waste, handling and storage of finished
products.
Review by Top management on the Once a month In house
Environment monitoring compliance every
9
month to avoid slippages and to take
corrective and preventive action

190
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

6.5 Monitoring and Management of Hazardous Wastes

• Maintain and monitor details of Hazardous Waste generated and disposal
• Monitor to ensure that the disposal is based on First in First Out basis (FIFO)
• Monitor the area for any seepage/run off or stock of ageing inventory.
• Ensure that utmost importance is attached to handling of hazardous waste as it
has the potential to cause one of the most significant impacts on Environment.

6.6 Reporting & Documentation

The monitoring carried out to assess the functioning of the various pollution control
systems is also important to ascertain the performance of the system. Monitoring
results of the various attributes need to be analysed to arrive at a conclusion. The
data generated is required to be compared with the statutory limits prescribed in the
consents issued by the SPCB for the point source of disposal of effluent and the
emission from the stacks. In case of parameters exceeding the limits corrective
action to address the same by will be drawn and implemented.

Based on the assessment, the following steps will be taken for reporting:
● The necessary reports and documents will be prepared for complying with the
statutory rules & regulations as per the timelines stipulated in EC/Consents
● The compliance to reporting schedule will be reviewed every month to avoid
slippage in reporting
● Regular and periodic records will be kept in order to ensure easier review and
projection of past, present and future performances
● The management will ensure to prepare separate records for water
consumption, wastewater, solid waste, air emissions and soil periodically in
order to provide better and smooth operations
● Any changes found in mitigation measures of operation /management
/technology will be brought to the notice of the concerned head of section
instantaneously and all possible corrective actions will be taken.

6.7 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

Periodical monitoring of environmental parameters will be carried out as specified
above in order to implement the proposed environmental management programmes
/ measures. A separate EMC will be established to monitor and control the
environmental quality. Members of the EMC would be qualified in flied of expertise
and experienced.

Services of reputed laboratories as well as that of a environmental consultant would

be engaged for various monitoring & other environmental management needs of the
plant from time to time. Figure 6.1 Shows schematic representation of EMC
Organogram for the project.

191
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Chief Executive
Officer

General Manager
- Works

Deputy General Manager -

Manager- Process Environment

Occupational, Chemists ETP Environment

Environment safety Operation Engineers
officer

Figure 6.1: Environmental Management Cell

6.7.1 Activities and Responsibilities of EMC

Responsibilities of Top Management:
• The Top management shall provide/ allocate adequate budget for providing
resources those are required for the monitoring of impacts.
• Define and fix responsibility and accountability for monitoring and for taking
corrective and preventive action to ensure that the Impact on environment with
respect to all attributes is controlled at all time
• Get timely monitoring report from EMC to ensure that the environment
management is functioning on expected lines

Responsibilities of EMC:
• The head of EMC shall be reporting to the Head of the Unit
• The members of the cell should have information on all the identified
environmental impact and the mitigation measures suggested
• Define the parameters which measure the performance of each mitigation
measure with focus on those measures which are suggested to mitigate
significant impacts
• Define responsibility and accountability for monitoring
• Monitor the parameters to assess the performance of APC equipment and ETP
at a predetermined frequency
• Report the performance to the top management every month. However, if any
abnormality is noticed in the performance the Top management and all the

192
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

personnel responsible for its operations are communicated immediately for

taking timely action
• Identify all applicable environmental Legislations and comply with the
requirement
• Keep access to the amendments to these legislations for timely compliance

The role of OHE safety officer

• Plan and implement OHS policies and programs
• Advise and lead employees on various safety-related topics
• Prepare educational seminars and webinars on a regular basis
• Review policies and procedures
• Adhere to all the rules and regulations
• Work with HR to set up a new employee on-boarding process for safety
• Conduct risk assessment
• Enforce preventative measures
• Identify process bottlenecks and offer timely solutions
• Check if all the employees are acting in adherence with rules and regulations
• Prepare and present reports on accidents and violations and determine causes

6.8 Budget for monitoring and procurement schedule

Budget for monitoring and procurement details is given in Table 6.4.

Table 6.4 Budget for monitoring and procurement

Rs. In Lakhs
Sl. Proposed
Description Recurring cost
No. Capital
Per annum
investment
Air pollution control measures
1 Boiler – ESP and stack height 800 85
DG set chimney
Water pollution control measures
2 • Sugar plant ETP 1000 110
• Distillery – PCTP
Noise pollution control
3 20 0.20
Acoustic enclosure
Environment monitoring and
management.
a. Cost of manual monitoring
-
4 through NABL accredited 11
25
agency 5
b. Cost of on-line monitoring
system

193
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

5 Occupational health and safety 50 12

Green belt development
6 Initially @ of Rs. 500/tree 40 16
Annually @ of Rs. 200/tree
7 Storage and handling of solid waste 10 1
8 Rain water harvesting 15 4
Corporate environment Responsibility
9 270 -
1.5 % of total investment
Total 2230 244.2

Occupational health & safety for permanent workmen, contract, and casual
workmen:

Pre-employment health check-up will be carried out and employees both permanent
and contract shall be carried out once in a year. The general health check-ups like
Blood analysis, Urine, Eye test, Respiratory, Cardio vascular, central nervous check-
up will be conducted. Health records of individuals will be maintained. Rs. 12 Lakhs
/annum is earmarked for occupational health and safety.

6.9 Greenbelt Development

Total land area is 39.11 acres (15.82 hectares). For green belt and area of 33.23 %
of the total plot area i.e., 13 acres is earmarked. In the existing agricultural land
various species like Teak, Neem, Gul mohar, Mango etc., are available. This tree
plantation will not be disturbed.

As per ToR conditions, 1500 trees are required to be planted per hectare for
greening of the industrial land. About 8000 nos. of trees are to be planted to meet
the ToR condition. The plants would exhibit the following desirable characteristics in
order to be selected for plantation;

• The native species should be used.

• The species should be wind-firm and deep rooted.
• The species should form a dense covering.
• The species should be permeable to help create air turbulence and mixing
within the belt and helps in mitigating pollution.
• Attractive appearance with good flowering.
• Sustainable green cover with minimal maintenance.

6.10 Emergency Preparedness and response structure

On-site emergency plan will be prepared and approval will be taken from the Director
of Factories, Boilers, Industrial Safety & Health. Necessary information will be
provided to the Director Factories, Boilers, Industrial Safety & Health for preparation
of Off-site emergency plan. Mock drill will be conducted every six months in

194
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

association with the concerned regulatory agencies. The approval for storage of RS/
ENA/ Ethanol will be obtained from PESO and dyke walls will be provided to storage
tanks. Risk assessment study is carried out and is in Chapter 7.

6.10.1 Structure of Onsite Emergency Preparedness and Response

6.10.2 Emergency organization structure

Emergency coordinates

195
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER – 7
ADDITIONAL STUDIES

196
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 7
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.0 Public consultation

The draft EIA report along with all the supporting documents pertaining to the
project will be submitted to Karnataka State Pollution Control Board and requesting
for conducting the Public Hearing in presence of Deputy Commissioner of the
Bijapur District and Senior Environmental Officer, Regional Environmental Officer,
Karnataka State Pollution Control Board and local public for hearing as per EIA
notification 2006. This is in line with the ToR issued by MoEF & CC, New Delhi.

The final EIA will be prepared duly considering the views expressed by the public,
the company will respond and same will be included in Final EIA report.

7.1 Risk assessment

7.1.1 Introduction
Risk Assessment involves the identification and quantification of various hazards
(unsafe conditions) that exists in the plant operations. Industrial accidents result in
severe impact on Environment including human life and significant financial loss. The
impacts could be so huge that it drives the project towards non-viability besides other
significant hardships. The term often used to describe the full process is risk
assessment – Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm
(hazard identification).

Therefore, risk assessment is carried out to ensure that hazards associated with
each activity related to the project are identified.

The emergency management plan is concerned with preventing hazards through

engineering design, operation maintenance and inspection. Though every care is
taken at the design stage itself, absolute safety is not achievable and therefore the
essential aspect of emergency management plan must include measures to mitigate
the effects of such eventualities. An important element of mitigation is emergency
planning, i.e., recognizing accidents which are possible, assessing the consequence
procedures that would need to be implemented in the event of an emergency.

7.1.2 Methodology
Based on the hazard identification and significance of risk, mitigation measures a
comprehensive on-site emergency preparedness/ disaster management plan will be
prepared. The mitigation measures, in the order of priority, would be aimed at
eliminating the risk, minimizing the risk and prepare for the risk against the likely
emergencies.

197
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Risk associated with each of these hazards is clinically assessed and quantified. The
project deals with operation of sugarcane crushing, milling, boilers operation and
maintenance, distillation columns and other process activities which involves high
pressure and temperature in the unit operations and handling and storage of RS/
Ethanol / Spent wash storage etc., which are hazardous in nature and likely to cause
emergencies due to their intrinsic chemical properties.

7.2 Scenarios considered for hazard identification

Hazard identification is part of the process used to evaluate if any operating
situation, item, thing, etc. may have the potential to cause harm to environment and
personnel associated with it. The materials involved in storage and transfer system
have flammable and toxic hazards. Potential failure scenarios considered are as
under:
• Fire and explosion at the bagasse storage area and handling area
• Explosion at the boiler house
• Unsafe handling in milling and cane unloading section
• Exposure to high boiling section and distillation column
• Spillage of materials from the storage tanks due to overflow or leakage or
collapse of tank and connected piping;
• Spillage of material during tanker loading or transfer
• Spillage of molasses contained in underground tanks from discharge line of
transfer pump.
• Mishandling in Raw spent wash storage area due to higher heat

7.3 Risk Rating Matrix

• To identify the hazards associated with all activities at project site during
construction and operation phase
• Identify the risks associated with these hazards
• Rate the risks to identify the major risks for focused attention for developing
and Suggesting mitigation measures

Risk Rating Matrix of proposed project is given in Table 7.1, Risk classification in
Table 7.2, Criteria for Risk rating for Severity and Probability is given in Table 7.3
and Aspects and risks of risk is given in Table 7.4.

Table 7.1: Risk Rating Matrix

IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND RATING OF RISKS
Risk
P Risk
Sl. S Probabilit Ratin
Activity Cause/ Aspect Risk
No Severity y of g=
1 to 5 occurrenc SxP
e

198
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

1 to 5
Construction Phase
1 Civil work like Mishandling of Accident 1 3 3
levelling/Excav earth moving
ation (includes equipment,
vehicular Improper
movement), excavation -
working at cave-in of earth
height, roof mounds
works, steel Unsecured pits, Fall and 2 2 4
erection, work improper other
at confined scaffoldings, associated
space employing of hazard
untrained
workers,
2 Erection of Work at height Fall 2 1 2
machineries without Hazard
scaffolding and
PPE
Non integration of Injury 1 3 3
right procedures/
Use of Non-
standard tools
and tackles, in
adequate
supervision
Operation Phase
1 Operation of Explosion due to Injury 5 1 5
Boilers, steam improper
pipe lines, maintenance and
associated poor maintenance
equipment of process
parameters
2 Operation of Spillage of hot Burn 1 2 2
evaporator liquid, syrups injuries
pans, boiling
tanks, and
centrifuges
3 Slacked lime Spillage of Health 1 3 3
storage and chemical hazards
handling area, substance,
Sulphur possibility of
storage and entering of

199
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

handling area chemicals

through ingestion,
absorption and
inhalation
4 Lifting Collapse of Physical 1 3 3
machines, equipment due to injuries
equipment unsafe use,
working under explosion of
pressure and pressurised
the factory vessels and parts
buildings of the equipment
5 Operation of Working without Hearing 1 2 2
DG set PPE to protect disorders
against noise
Spillage of Oil Fire 3 1 3
hazard
RS storage Leakage at the Fire 4 1 4
6 process area and hazard
at the storage
Ethanol Leakage Fire 2 4 8
Storage hazard
Rupture Fire 4 1 4
hazard
Risks with risk rating 5 and above are considered as unacceptable risks needing
immediate attention

7.3.1 Classification of risks

Table 7.2: Risk classification

Risk Risk
Risk Control Measures Note
Rating Level
Reduction risk measures need to be taken
6 Extreme immediately, and tasks will not be started until
the risk is reduced. Unacceptable
Risk control measures must be taken within a risks
Very
5 certain period, and tasks cannot be started until
High
the risk is reduced.
Based on cost or financial considerations, risk Needs
4 High
reduction measures will be taken gradually. attention
There is no need to take risk reduction measures
3 Medium now, but it is necessary to ensure the Acceptable
effectiveness of available protection facilities. risks
1-2 Low No risk reduction measures are required, but the

200
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

effectiveness of available safeguards must be

ensured.

Table 7.3: Criteria for Risk rating for Severity and Probability
Severity S Rating Probability of Rating
Occurrence P
Minor Injury requiring first 1 Once a Year 1
aid
Injury requiring 2 Once a month 2
hospitalisation
Temporary disability 3 Once a week 3
Permanent disability 4 Daily but intermittently 4
Loss of life/s 5 Continuous 5

The following aspects and related risks are considered for the risk rating carried out
above.

Hazard Identification and mitigation measures in Sugar plant & co-generation

Risk associated with storage of Bagasse and mitigation measures are given in Table
7.4, Risk hazard with respect to operation of Boilers, Turbine & compressors is given
in Table 7.5, 7.6 & 7.7 respectively.

Table 7.4 Bagasse Yard: Used to Storage of Bagasse

Identified Precautions Taken Mitigation measures
Hazard
Fire/ bagasse ▪ The Bagasse yard will be ▪ Intensive and periodical
dust situated away from fire training will be provided for
explosion/dust sources by keeping the effective use of the
menace safe distance. So that in firefighting facilities.
case of fire it will not affect ▪ For easy access of fire
the plant operation. tender/ brigade in case of
▪ Hydrants will be provided large fire proper roads will
as per IS 9668 around the be provided at both side of
bagasse yard. the Bagasse yard.
▪ Accumulation of bagasse ▪ Industry will be provided all
fine dust at the RBC area, required PPEs of ISI
mill house will be avoided standard to all the
by periodical cleaning thus employees and
avoiding the bagasse dust supervision will be carried
to become airborne. for its use by
dissemination of
information about the

201
 M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

hazards.
▪ For firefighting wet risers ▪ Fire drills and rehearsal
are made available at both will be conducted at
side of the stock pile with regular interval.
required hose reel. The ▪ Fire extinguishers of
operating pressure of the required type will be kept
hydrant line is maintained at all strategic locations
at 7 kgs/cm2 surrounding Bagasse yard.
▪ All transfer towers of
conveyor belts will be
covered by sheet cladding
to minimize ambient dust
during bagasse
transportation.

Boiler:
Water is evaporated and converted in to steam in a closed water tube boiler. Super-
heated steam is released at a temperature in between 400 to 510 Deg-C.

Table 7.5 Risk associated with boiler operation & Mitigation measures
Identified
Precautions Taken Mitigation measures
Hazard
Fire & ▪ Boiler will be periodically ▪ Boilers will be operated under
Explosion inspection and testing from the supervision of qualified and
the competent agency and authorised BOE,s and
measures are taken in case Attendants round the clock.
of any anomalies. ▪ Portable fire extinguishers will be
▪ Boiler will be provided with fixed at strategic points.
safety valves and these are ▪ Wet risers will be provided with
used to release the excess suitable hose reel at strategic
pressure from the Boiler. points of Boilers unit.
Pr.Gauges will be provided ▪ The fire hydrant pump will be
at all strategic locations. connected with a independent
▪ All the steam lines will be power source (D.G) to provide
provided with insulation uninterrupted service in case of
along its length and safety emergency.
gadgets are provided at all
strategic locations.
▪ Silencers will be provided
for all start up vent line and
safety valve.
Turbines: Turbine generator is used to generate the power

202
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 7.6 Risk associated with Turbine Operation and Mitigation measure
Identified
Precautions Taken Mitigation measures
Hazard
Fire & Noise ▪ Smoke detector system will be▪ Portable fire extinguishers
provided will be fixed at strategic
▪ All the turbines will be covered in points.
acoustic enclosures to avoid noise ▪ Fire alarm system will be
▪ The noise level in the turbine area will available in the plant
be monitored regularly. ▪ Industry must be provided
▪ All efforts made to control the noise all required PPEs to all
wherever possible by installing the the persons.
Noise generating sources inside the▪ Firefighting training
building, providing double air lock imparted amongst
doors, double frame glass windows concerned employees and
reducing the noise of blower etc. The periodical drills will be
ear plugs/muffs will be issued to the conducted.
workers working in noisy areas and▪ Equipment and
suitable cautionary boards must be accessories including the
displayed in those areas in the safety gadgets will be
language understood by most of the subjected for periodical
persons. and predictive
▪ The equipment and its accessories maintenance. Anomalies
will be kept and under the supervision noticed rectified on
of the trained personnel. priority.

Compressors: It used for operation of various pneumatic devices

Table 7.7 Risk associated with compressors Operation and Mitigation measure
Identified Precautions Taken Mitigation measures
Hazard
Explosion/ Noise ▪ All compressors will ▪ To reduce noise the compressors
be installed in room. room doors will be provided with
The air receiver door closers.
tanks will be located ▪ Warning signs will be provided at
outside the factory all entrance of compressors
building. room.
▪ The air receiver ▪ All compressors’ vessels will be
tanks equipped with pressure gauges
▪ Pressure test of all and safety valves.
compressor tank, ▪ The test date and due testing
wall thickness tests date will be painted on
and Hydro test will compressors vessel.

203
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

be conducted as per ▪ The air receivers and the

statutory connected equipment will be
requirements. subjected for periodical and
(External and predictive maintenance
internal inspections) schedules.
▪ All compressors’ ▪ Un-authorized entry will be
vessels will be restricted in compressor room.
equipped with safety
valves and pressure
gauges and will be
maintained for its
proper functioning.
Hazard Identification, Risk assessment and mitigation measure in Distillery section

The list of products and by-products stored as identified under MSHIC are given in
Table 7.8

Table 7.8 List of products & by products proposed to be stored

Chemical Properties/Hazard associated with the chemical
Rectified Flammable;
spirit Inhalation of fumes results in coughing and choking sensation,
and irritation of nose and lungs
Ethanol Ethanol 99.8% v/v
• Chemical name Ethyl alcohol.
• Colorless.
• Odour of alcohol.
• Boiling point / boiling range Value: 78 °C
• Flash point Value: 12 °C
• Extremely flammable liquid (R11)
• Explosion limit Value: 3.5-15 %
• Vapour pressure Value: 5.9 kPa
• Test temperature: 20 °C
• Vapour density Value: 1.6
• Specific gravity Value: 789 kg/m3
• Test temperature: 20 °C
• Solubility description completely soluble in water. Soluble
in: Organic solvents
• Vapour pressure 59 mm Hg at 20°C
• Density 801.6 kg/m3 at 25°C

204
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Table 7.9: Hazard identification and risk assessment

Sl. Source Cause/Aspect Risk Mitigation
No. Assessment measures
1 • Leakage from • Exposure to toxic Minor injury • To ensure the
hose chemicals to loss of life leakages of
• Damaged • Fire/ explosion hose and
pipeline hazard due to gaskets before
• Improper flammable liquid transferring
pipeline release. material
connection • Loss of chemical. • To replace the
• Flange gasket • Soil/ water damaged hose
leak contamination with new
• Movement of • To clean or
tanker during mop
loading immediately in
case of
leakages
2 Leakage from • Fire/ explosion Minor injury • To keep it
pump seal hazard due to ready fire
flammable liquid extinguisher
release before
• Loss of chemical transferring
• Soil/ water flammable
contamination materials
3 Static electric Ignition hazard due Minor injury • To provide
charge generation to static electricity proper earthing
and accumulation during tanker during the
in road tanker. unloading. transferring the
materials to
avoid
accumulation of
static charges.
4 Overflow from • Fire/ explosion Minor injury • To provide
storage tank by hazard due to to loss of life automatic
excess filling due flammable liquid control valves
to malfunction of release to avoid
tank level • Loss of product overflow.
instrument. • To ensure the
presence of
operator during
transfer of the
material
5 Release of vapour • Air pollution due Minor injury • To ensure the

205
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

from tank vent to volatile organic ambient

during filling and chemical temperature of
high ambient emission storage tanks
temperature. • Loss of product and vent vales
from tank to maintain the
pressure inside
the tank to
control vent
loss
6 Tank Farm area • Fire due to Damage to • Tanks will be
lightening the property provided with
lighting
arrestors to
avert any
accidents due
from lightening
as per IEC
62305-
Protection
against
lightening or
NEPA 780.
• Tank farm will
be kept neat
and tidy at all
times.

7.4 Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) analysis

Further, the study included risk assessment for consequence by estimating
maximum damage distance by Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) analysis. The
study helps in drawing damage contours to assess the consequence of an event.
The analysis does not consider probability of occurrence. The probability is therefore
rated on experience and previous similar experience elsewhere.

The Consequence Analysis has been done for selected scenarios by ALOHA
(version 5.4.7) of EPA.

ALOHA’s limitations
Use caution in interpreting the model’s predictions, practically under the following
conditions;
▪ Very low wind speeds
▪ Very stable atmosphere conditions
▪ Wind shifts and terrain steering effects

206
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

▪ Concentration patchiness, particularly near the source

The model does not incorporate the effects of:

▪ Chemical reactions
▪ Particulates
▪ Chemical mixtures
▪ Terrain
▪ Hazardous fragments

7.5 Severity Mapping

The Severity mapping has been carried out using the ALOHA software 5.4.3 (Aerial
Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) which was developed by office of Emergency
management, EPA and Emergency Response Division, NOAA.

A technique used to generate an incident list is to consider potential leaks and major
releases from storage facilities. The study displays its estimate as a threat zone,
which is an area where a hazard (such as toxicity, flammability, thermal radiation, or
damaging overpressure) has exceeded a user-specified Level of Concern (LOC).

The ALOHA software allows to model many release scenarios:

Tank containing a pressurized flammable liquid;
Type of tank failures:

A. Leaking tank, chemical is not burning as it escapes into the atmosphere

Potential hazard from flammable chemical which is not burning as it leaks from tank-
➢ Downwind toxic effects
➢ Vapour cloud flash fire

B. Leaking tank, chemical is burning as a jet fire

Potential hazard from chemical which is burning as it leaks from tank-
➢ Thermal radiation from jet fire
➢ Downwind toxic effects of fire by-products
Scenarios:
• Toxic area of vapour cloud,
• Flammable area of vapour cloud, Jet fires,
• Overpressure (blast force) from vapour cloud explosion

Depending on the release scenario, type of hazard is evaluated. This involves

identifying possibility to reduce the likelihood and/or consequence of an accident.
The measures to control and mitigate hazards and risks are simple and involve
modifications to conform to standard practice.

The general hierarchy of risk reducing measures is:

207
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Prevention (by distance or design)

• Detection (Ex. fire & gas, leak detection)
• Control (Ex. emergency shutdown & controlled depressurization)
• Mitigation (Ex. Firefighting and passive fire protection)
• Emergency response (in case safety barriers fail)
• Safe exist routes marks shown within the plant
• Safe assembly points

7.5.1 Proposed storage tanks

Table 7.10 Details of storage capacity

Sl. Proposed tanks Material of
Particulars
no. capacities construction
1 RS Receivers 220 KL x 3 Nos. MS
2 Ethanol Receivers 220 KL x 3 Nos. MS
3 RS Storage tanks 2000 KL x 2 No MS
4 Ethanol Storage tanks 2000 KL x 3 Nos MS

7.5.2 Aloha Simulation Analysis

7.5.2.1 Severity Mapping- Ethanol
Site Data:
• Location: BASARKOD VILLAGE, MUDDEBIHAL, INDIA
• Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.92 (unsheltered single storied)
• Time: March 31, 2022 1524 hours ST (using computer's clock)

Chemical Data:
• Chemical Name: ETHANOL
• CAS Number: 64-17-5 Molecular Weight: 46.07 g/mol
• ERPG-1: 1800 ppm ERPG-2: 3300 ppm ERPG-3: N/A
• IDLH: 3300 ppm LEL: 33000 ppm UEL: 190000 ppm
• Ambient Boiling Point: 76.7° C
• Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.10 atm
• Ambient Saturation Concentration: 110,870 ppm or 11.1%

Atmospheric Data:
• Wind: 4.16 m/s from SE at 3 m
• Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 5 tenths
• Air Temperature: 30° C Stability Class: D
• Relative Humidity: 50%

208
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Scenario -1: Leaking tank, chemical is not burning and forms an evaporating
puddle
Potential hazards from flammable chemical which is not burning as it leaks from tank
• Downwind toxic effects
• Vapour cloud flash fire
• Overpressure (blast force) from vapour cloud explosion

Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank and Flammable chemical escaping
from tank (not burning)

Source Strength: Toxic Area of Vapour cloud

• Tank Volume: 2000 m3
• Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 30° C
• Chemical Mass in Tank: 1,250,316 kg
• Tank is 80% full
• Circular Opening Diameter: 5 cm
• Opening is 3.00 m from tank bottom
• Ground Type: Concrete
• Ground Temperature: equal to ambient
• Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
• Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 51.8 kg/min (averaged over a minute
or more)
• Total Amount Released: 2,059 kg
Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The
puddle spread to a diameter of 33 meters.

Threat Zone:
• Model Run: Gaussian
• Red : no recommended LOC value --- (N/A = ERPG-3)
• Orange: 22 m --- (3300 ppm = ERPG-2)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness, make
dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
• Yellow: 29 m --- (1800 ppm = ERPG-1)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness, make
dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

Threat Zone: Threat Modelled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud

• Model Run: Gaussian
• Red : 17 m --- (19800 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness, make
dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
• Yellow: 30 m--- (3300 ppm = 10% LEL)

209
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness, make
dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

Scenario -2: Leaking tank, chemical is burning and forms a pool fire
Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank - Flammable chemical is burning as it
escapes from tank

Source Strength
• Tank Volume: 2000 m3
• Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 30° C
• Chemical Mass in Tank: 1,250,316 kg
• Tank is 80% full
• Circular Opening Diameter: 5 cm
• Opening is 3.00 m from tank bottom
• Max Flame Length: 7 m
• Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
• Max Burn Rate: 90.4 kg/min
• Total Amount Burned: 5,228 kg
Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed a burning puddle. The puddle
spread to a diameter of 8.3 m.

Threat Zone: Threat Modelled: Thermal radiation from pool fire

• Red : 13 m--- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
• Orange: 16 m --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
• Yellow: 21 m --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

7.5.2.2 Summary of MCA analysis

Ethanol:
Sl. Threat Damage Consequential
Scenario
No. Modelled Distance in m Impacts
1 Leaking tank, Toxic area of no LOC value --- (N/A =

210
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

chemical is not vapour cloud recommended ERPG-3)

burning and forms Flammable 19800 ppm = 60%
an evaporating Area of vapour 17 m LEL = Flame
puddle Cloud Pockets
Leaking tank Thermal 10.0 kW/(sq m) =
chemical is burning radiation from potentially lethal
2 13 m
and forms a pool pool fire within 60 sec
fire

7.5.3 Inference
According to the ALOHA simulation analysis, the consequential impacts from each
incident scenarios can be though thermal radiation, over pressure wave and toxic
release. The damage distance indicates that consequential impacts with respect to
over pressure wave and toxic release would be on plant personnel, equipment and
machinery. Whereas, consequential impacts with respect to flammable area of
vapour cloud scenario is 17 m and thermal radiation from pool fire is 13 m. The
storage of Ethanol needs utmost attention owing to the magnitude of the impact.

7.6 Risk Mitigation Measures

7.6.1 Safety Measures for Transportation, Storage & Handling of chemicals
• Loading standard procedure will be followed for safe loading of chemicals into
tanker
• Static earthing provision will be made for tanker
• PESO guidelines will be followed
• Display boards will be provided on all storage tanks to communicate the
material of construction, name of the chemical stored and MSDS
• Material Safety Data Sheets of raw materials and products will be kept readily
available
• On-site detectors for fire & smoke detection with alarm system will be
provided as required
• Relevant fire extinguishers will be provided at accessible places
• First aids boxes will be provided in all control rooms/cabins
• The entire premises will be declared as “NO SMOKE ZONE”.
• Hazardous material handling will be carried out by using all PPE with proper
ventilation and under supervision.

7.6.2 Safety Measures for Process Units

• Flame proof electrical fittings will be ensured at the process area as per
IS220-3
• Do’s and Don’ts to be followed while handling of materials are displayed in the
language understood by the majority of the workers. Accordingly, the persons
employed will be trained and supervised.

211
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Process parameters controls will be provided vide Standard Operating

Procedures (SOPs).
• RS and Ethanol will be transferred by pipelines and in controlled manner
• Trained person will be engaged for handling of hazardous materials and
proper safety precautions will be taken
• All flammable materials will be stored away from the process plant
• All the equipment will be well earthed appropriately and well protected against
likely generation of static charges
• All the plant personnel will be provided with Personal Protection Equipment
like Helmets, Safety Shoes and Safety Glasses

7.6.3 Safety measures to prevent spillage / leakage of toxic chemicals

• Spillage addressal mechanism will be drawn up as per the standard protocol
and accordingly persons will be trained.
• Storage tanks will be labelled with contents and quantity.
• Relevant Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) like goggles, gloves,
protective clothes will be provided to those handling toxic chemicals
• All finished products will be stored under adequate safe condition
• The piping will be examined thoroughly for finding out any defects
• Smoking will be prohibited inside the factory
• All tankages storing hazardous chemicals tested periodically for the thickness
• All pipe joints provided with heavy duty gaskets to prevent any leakage
• Dyke wall will be provided to areas where hazardous chemicals are required
to be contained.
• Spare barrels of sufficient quantity will be kept ready for effective transfer of
any emergency spillage or leakage

7.6.4 General safety measures/precautions

• Effective supervision will be integrated at the critical areas to avert unsafe
acts and unsafe conditions, which are reckoned as the contributory elements
for causation of incidents.
• Employment of untrained personnel at the critical areas will be refrained
without any compromise.
• Employees will be trained in the safe working and handling practices of
hazardous chemicals such as chemicals, acids, caustics etc.
• Standard operating procedures will be established and followed when
cleaning up spills, handling of toxic/hazardous chemicals
• To know the material nature, potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and
environmental) and how to work safely with the materials MSDS will be
provided at the work place
• In case of leakage the toxic / hazardous materials automatic water sprinkler
systems are switched on to control the toxic vapours at work place
• Goggles/face shields are provided for eye/face protection

212
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• In case of spillage/leakage while handling of hazardous materials spill control

kit will be provided at work place
• Fire drills and emergency evacuation procedures will be carried out at regular
intervals of time without any laxity.
• Unusual works will be addressed with clear safety pass port viz., by
integrating work to permit system issued by the competent personnel and
supervising at random intervals by the responsible persons.

7.6.6 Specific Recommendations based on Hazard and severity mapping for

Hazardous raw materials
The specific engineering or management recommendations based on the simulation
analysis are as under:

7.6.6.1 Mechanical and equipment integrity

Following are the Engineering Recommendations:
• The material of construction and thickness of storage vessels are designed to
accommodate the maximum pressure.
• The tanks are in isolated areas where there are no/minimum personnel would
be working in the downwind direction at any given point of time
• To ensure no equipment sensitive to thermal radiation will be installed in the
downwind direction of these tanks
• The tanks will be provided with dyke wall with arrangement to recover the
spillage/leakage
• Provide with high pressure detector with interlock to the incoming material
• Provide high temperature alarm with an interlock to cut off the heat source
• Labelling of tanks of tanks with quantity and name will be done as per
standards.
• Access roads for tackling of emergencies will be maintained.

7.6.6.2 Management Approach

Following are the Management Recommendations:
• The operating personnel will be trained on the likely hazards and
consequential impacts and the action to be taken under different scenarios
• The operating personnel will have relevant PPE of IS standards
• List of Dos and Don’ts will be prepared considering all likely hazards and the
same will be displayed and made available for reference.
• These storage tanks will be tested every 6 months to confirm that there is no
loss of material of construction and the tank thickness is intact. Record of
such testing is maintained for reference.
• Mock drills and fire drills will be conducted at regular intervals to enhance
confidence and effective response amongst the personnel identified, while
tackling any likely emergencies.

213
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Preventive and predictive maintenance schedules will be prepared and

addressed without any compromise.
• As per the requirements, the immediate neighborhood will be informed about
the likely emergencies and their roles and responsibility in the event of any
emergencies by conducting community awareness programs.
• The district administration and the DCG constituted under CA(EP&P) Rules
1996 will be informed about the nature of activities, likely hazards, measures
prevailing at the work site.
• DCG will be invited at regular intervals to review the mitigation measures in
place to take away any guidelines to address any weaknesses in the system
and strengthen the system in place.

7.7 Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

The DMP is emergency preparedness, managing the consequence and implement
Recovery Plan. The DMP is proposed to prepare for tackling emergency arising out
of any likely emergencies both at the processing plant not forgetting the storage and
handling area. It is a state of preparedness prevent minimize the adverse effects.

7.7.1 Definitions
Emergency: It is defined as any major hazardous situation arising out of accident
posing threat to men and material either within or outside the premises

An emergency is said to have risen when operators in the plant are not able to cope
with a potential hazardous situation i.e., an incident which causes the plant to go
beyond its normal operating conditions, thus creating danger. When such an
emergency evolves, chain of events which affect the normal working within the
factory area and / or which may cause injuries, loss of life, substantial damage to
property and environment both inside and around the factory takes place and a
disaster is said to have occurred.

On-Site Emergency: On-site emergency is the one which is confined within the
premises even though it might require outside help.

Off-Site Emergency: Off-Site Emergency is the one which is extending beyond the
premises affecting public and the environment outside the premises. District
Administration is required to evolved this document co- ordinating the available
resources in the districts against the likely emergencies of various kinds.
Nonetheless management will provide all clear information’s and likely emergencies,
likely risk zones from the plant premises.

Disaster: It is a major emergency with a potential to cause damage due to natural

causes or human activities

214
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Various steps involved in Disaster Management Plan can be summarized as follows:

• Minimize risk occurrence (Prevention)
• Rapid Control (emergency response)
• Effectively rehabilitate damaged areas (Restoration)

Types of Disasters:
• Due to Fire and Explosion
• Due to Vapour Cloud
• Due to Toxic Gas Release from:
- Within the Unit
- External Sources
• Hurricane, Flood, Cyclone, Earth Quake and other Natural Calamities

7.7.2 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan

• To localize the emergency and if possible, eliminate it
• To control and contain the incident as early as possible
• To safeguard other employees by evacuating them to safe assembly points
• To minimize the damage to the plant and material and to limit environment
pollution
• To rescue accident victims and organize medical treatment
• Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the
cause and circumstances of the emergency

7.7.3 Types of Emergencies

Depending on scale and severity, Emergencies have been classified in to 3
categories viz.
1. Area emergency – The emergency arising in one section of the mill and the
impact is minor in nature and is highly localized and can be addressed with
available resources on the spot.
2. On-Site emergency - The emergency arising in more than one area of the mill
and can cause serious injury to men and machinery in the mill. However, the
impact remains within the premises.
3. Off-site emergency – impact of this scenario travels out of the premises.

7.7.4 Emergency Organogram

The organogram for controlling different emergency situations is different. A typical
operation flow chart for controlling emergency is as under shown in Figure 7.0.

215
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Incident
Controller

Receives
Information on
Emergency

Rushes to the
spot to assess
magnitude

Control Chances of Take action

Yes No
Possible? recurrence and restore
normalcy

Yes
Inform Declarer of
Emergency

Declarer of
Emergency

Call for Brigade Keep in touch with Call Inform Adjacent Inform District Administration,
incident controller Security Factories Local Police, SPCB

Give'All Clear'
Signal when
EMergency is
controlled

Make detailed
Report

Figure 7.0: Emergency operational flow chart

7.7.5 Authorities and responsibilities of members of Emergency Management

Team
7.7.5.1 Site Controller
• On noticing or receiving message of an emergency from field or operating
personnel, he will rush to the Emergency Site
• Establish contact with Security, the Incident Controller and safety officer
• Declare emergency in consultation with incident controller
• Inform Occupation Health Centre about the possibility of injury and arrange for
treatment and continuously monitor the situation.
• Reviews all possible actions and assesses the situation and directs the
evacuation of personnel
• Arranges for additional help from neighbouring industries
• Liaison with Government official viz., District commissioner, Pollution Control
Board, Fire services, Department of Explosives and Inspector of Factories
and Boilers, if required.
• Once the situation is brought under control, calls off onsite emergency in
consultation with Incident Controller.

216
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

7.7.5.2 Incident Controller

• As soon as incident controller receives the message of incident, he will rush to
the emergency spot
• Sends all visitors and contract people to safe assembly point
• Starts controlling emergency with available safety squad
• Takes charge of safety squad coming from other departments
• Assesses the situation and advises site controller to call for emergency by
phone
• Organize for safe shut down of the plant if necessary and evacuates
employees of the department (in the event of public address system failure).
• Assigns jobs to safety squad viz. a) rescue, b) leakage control, c) firefighting,
d) evacuation as per the need of situation.
• Informs to site controller by phone regarding the steps taken to mitigate the
emergency from time to time.
• Deputes safety squad for search of missing people as per information
received from site controller.

Upon completion of controlling operations, ensures area is safe and informs to site
controller to declare “All Clear”.

The incident controller will have clinical supervision / vigil over the working of Fire
combating, Rescue, medial and auxiliary team. He will coordinate their roles
according to the circumstances and conditions and neatly integrates their roles by
using his wisdom and acumen.

7.7.5.3 Emergency Coordinator (Services & Communication)

• Upon hearing the siren, he will rush to the emergency control centre and
reports to site controller with attendance record of employees and list of
contract workmen and visitors
• Acts as per the instruction of site controller and maintains log of the incident
• Arranges for transport of injured
• Arranges for external medical treatment for injured and casualties
• Reports to the hospital and decide for likely more cases of injuries
• Communicate information to the relatives of the injured/deceased.
• Calling for help like transport, firefighting services, paramedical and antidotes
etc. from the available resources in the district/town.
• If required communicates to Fire Services, Pollution Control Board,
Inspectorate of Factories or other departments in consultation with site
controller.

7.7.5.4 Emergency Coordinator (First Aid and Medical Management)

• Upon hearing the siren rushes to Occupational Health Centre.

217
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Takes charge of safety squad reported to Occupational Health Centre

• Arranges for first aid and specific treatment with the advice of doctor.
• In case of need arranges for shifting to other medical centres, maintains
contact with site controller from time to time.

7.7.5.5 Emergency Coordinator (Security and Supply)

• Upon hearing the siren, all material transport vehicles will be sent out and the
gates will be closed
• Restricts visitor’s entry inside the premises
• Directs the ambulance to the vicinity of site of incident
• Ensures all the security guards are reporting to main gate.
• He will rush to the scene with shift security inspector and reports to Incident
Controller except in cases of toxic release.
• Additional fire extinguishers, hoses, nozzles located in various points will be
drawn and arranged for firefighting
• Co-ordinates with fire brigade group and helps them

7.7.5.6 Emergency Coordinator (Utility & Maintenance)

• Upon hearing the siren/message rushes to the site of incident and reports to
incident controller.
• Appoints electrical technician as in charge of fire hydrant pumps operation to
maintain hydrant pressure.
• In consultation with incident controller, arranges power supply which is cut-off
to the affected area. Ensures that, emergency power and water supply is on.
• Arranges for shutdown of non-essential utilities as per instructions of incident
controller
• Consults incident controller and with the help safety squad executes the
leakage control operations

7.7.5.7 Safety Squad

• Upon hearing emergency instructions from public address system, informs to
the available superior and rushes to the location of emergency.
• Carries at least one fire extinguisher or stretcher, artificial resuscitator and
reports to the incident controller and works as per his directions.
• Does firefighting/rescue/ first aid/evacuation and leakage control as directed
by the incident controller.

7.7.5.8 Accounting of Personnel

On hearing the emergency siren all employees of the factory will proceed to safe
assembly point as directed by their departmental heads. Respective department
heads / manager will take the head count and report the same to head count in
charge.

218
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

It is important to be able to account for personnel during the emergency, but it can
be particularly difficult. Because of visitors, contractors, shift changes, holidays and
sickness absence, it is normally a practice to maintain a detailed roll of personnel on
site at any one-time, which can be updated during the early stage of an emergency.
Detailed lists of contractors on site will be maintained, with a similar list of visitors.

7.7.6 Other requirements of Emergency Management Plan

7.7.6.1 Access to Records
This will be necessary in order that relatives of any causality can be quickly
informed. It is suggested that lists of names and addresses of work personnel will be
kept in the emergency control centre. This needs to be regularly updated to take
account of changes in personnel, address, and next of kin and so on. Industry is
located between state highway connecting to Nidagundi town and Muddebihal and
site is located 500 m from this state highway/ approach road.

7.7.6.2 Public Relations

Any incident will attract the interest of the media and a major accident is likely to
involve widespread radio and television coverage. Unless appropriate arrangements
are made, this can divert personnel from the tasks of handling the emergency. It is
essential to decide for the authoritative release of information during any emergency.
A senior manager or member of the staff will be appointed as the sole source of this
information.

7.7.6.3 Rehabilitation
The emergency will continue until all fires have been extinguished with no risk of re-
ignition or for a gas release. Even then, care is required when re-entering the
incident area. The local factory inspectorate may wish to initiate an inquiry and will
be consulted regarding the collection of evidence before it is disturbed.

7.7.6.4 Shut-down Procedures

For single plant sites, shut-down procedures may be comparatively simple, with no
knock-on effects elsewhere on site. With complex sites, plant operations are often
interlinked and the shut-down of any key plant on site for a power station may have
significant implications for other plant. Emergency plans will need to take account of
this so that ordered and phased shut-downs can take place when necessary,
depending on the type of incident occurring.

7.7.6.5 Rehearsing Emergency Procedures (Mock drills)

Once the emergency plan is finalized, it will be made known to all personnel so that
each knows his or her role in the event of an emergency. It is essential that the plan
is regularly tested because it is only through such rehearsals that defects become
apparent.

219
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Communication is a key component of handling an emergency. Evacuation

rehearsals will be regularly carried out and will cause minimum disruption to the
normal activities. More elaborate exercises, involving the emergency services where
they are part of the emergency plan, will also need to take place.

7.7.6.6 Technical Protective Measures

Over and above the safety systems, which help to keep the plant in a safe condition,
protective measures can be taken to limit the consequences of an accident. The
measures are such as
• Gas detectors
• Water spray systems (to cool tanks or to extinguish a fire)
• Water jets
• Steam spray systems
• Collecting tanks and bunds

7.7.6.7 Prevention of Human and Organizational Errors

Human errors can be a source of major accidents. The following preventive
measures can be taken:
• Interlocking of safety related valves and switches, which may not operate
simultaneously
• Clear marking of switches, knobs and displays on control panels
• Proper communication devices for the plant personnel
• Safeguarding against inadvertent switching actions
• Training of personnel

7.7.6.8 Mitigation of Consequences

No major hazard installation can ever be safe. Even if a hazard assessment has
been carried out, if the hazards have been detected and appropriate measures have
been taken, the possibility of an accident cannot be completely ruled out. For this
reason, it must be part of the safety concept to plan and provide measures, which
can mitigate the consequences of an accident. Other measures for mitigating the
consequences of an accident deal mainly with the response to a release of a
hazardous substance. In order to be able to initiate counter-measures in the event of
an accident, the following actions are required to be taken.

• Setup and train a fire brigade, professional or voluntary and provide alarm
systems
• Draw up a Disaster Management Plan
• Reach an agreement with the authorities regarding co-ordination with their
contingency plan
• Notify the authorities about the nature and scope of the hazard in the event of
an accident
• Provide antidotes in the event of a release of toxic substances

220
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

7.7.6.9 Appraisal and Updating

Emergency planning rehearsals and exercises will be monitored by observers not
involved in the exercise, and preferably independent of the site, for example, senior
officers from the emergency services or factory inspectorate. After each exercise, the
plan will be thoroughly reviewed to take account of omissions or shortcomings.

Emergency plans, particularly for complex sites, are the subject of continual
refinement and updating, but it is important that any changes of substance are made
known to those likely to be involved in that part of the plan when used for real
emergency.

7.7.7 Off-Site Emergency Plan

7.7.7.1 General
When the consequences of an emergency go beyond the plant boundaries, it
becomes an off-site emergency. Off-site emergency is essentially the responsibility
of the District Administration. However, the factory management will provide the
District Administration with the technical information relating to the nature, quantum
and probable consequences on the neighbouring population. Also, assist the District
Administration during offsite emergency.

Structure of the off-site emergency plan includes the following:

• Organizational set up-Incident controller /site main controller, key personnel
etc.,
• Communication facilities - List of important telephones
• Specialized emergency equipment – Firefighting equipment
• Specialized Knowledge - Trained people
• Voluntary Organization - Details of organization
• Chemical information - MSDS of hazardous substances
• Meteorological information - Weather condition, Wind velocity etc.,
• Humanitarian arrangement - Transport, First aid, Ambulance

7.7.7.2 Role of the factory management

The onsite plan prepared in respect of the factory will get dovetailed with the offsite
plans of the district. In view of this accurate information and a correct assessment of
situation will be done and provided without any dilutions.

7.7.7.3 Role of local authority

The local authorities where the factory is situated play a vital role during
emergencies in particular tasks viz., evacuation of people, sheltering them in the
identified rescue shelters, providing immediate requirement of food and drinking
water. The local authorities and their support is required to be identified in the offsite
emergency plan and details facilities shall be logged in the public documents.

221
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

7.7.7.4 Role of fire authority

Mitigation of fire is normally the responsibility of the Karnataka State Fire and
Emergency Authorities, who would take over the handling of fire from the Incident
Controller on arrival at the site.

7.7.7.5 Role of police

The law-and-order requirement during emergency is normally assumed by the police
with a senior officer designated as emergency coordinating officer. Formal duties of
the police during emergency include protection of life and property and controlling
traffic movements.

7.7.7.6 Role of health authorities

Health authorities, including doctors, hospitals, ambulances etc., have a vital role to
play following a major accident and they will form an integral part of the emergency
plan. Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities in
addition to those available locally.

7.7.7.7 Role of the “Mutual Aid” agencies

Resources for mitigation for specific emergencies available around the factory will be
identified and listed as Mutual aid partners. On need basis this will be integrated on
call. This information has been included in the onsite and offsite emergency plan.
Periodical meetings will be conducted for effective integration of the resources during
emergencies.

7.7.7.8 Role of the factory inspectorate

In the event of an accident, the factory inspector along with DCG members will assist
the District Emergency Authority for effective mitigation of the likely emergencies.
Factory Inspector will assist in conducted periodical mock rehearsals of the
emergency plans to make it more effective and meaningful during any emergency.

Responders likely to involved in Emergency - contact details

Distance
Sl.
Particular & Address and Contact details
No.
direction
for primary first aid treatment
1
1.8 Km East Basarkod village
Healthcare
- 10 Km South East Muddebihal town
establishment
2 • Government Hospital
• Utkarsh Hospital
3 District Hospital 59 Km
Government Hospital - District hospital,
towards
Athani Rd, Shastri Nagar, Vijayapura,
North
Contact No. 083522 70009
West

222
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

District Hospital 49 km Government Hospital -

towards Sector 11, Sector 63A, Nava Nagar
South Bagalkote, Karnataka 587301
West +9108354236260
4 Police Station 10 Km Muddebihal Police Station - Police station
towards Vijaypura Road, Turakangori Layout
South East Muddebihal, Karnataka 586212
083562 20333
6 10 Km Fire Station Muddebihal, Karnataka
Fire brigade towards 586212
South East +91-08352-270160
7 Police Control -
100
Room
8 Fire Station - 101
9 Ambulance - 102 /108
10 Commissioner of -
Rescue and 1070
Relief

7.7.7.9 Occupational Health and Safety

The project proponent strongly believes in the safety and health of the workers. The
company will conduct regular medical check-ups of the workers and for the safer
side there will always be a rotation of the workers where the exposure to dust and
chemicals is high. Safety being the first policy of the company, list of Antidotes for
different accidents and diseases will be provided to the entire department.
• Major anticipated occupational health & safety hazard is due to physical
hazard are due from products storage & handling area, electrical &
mechanical operations & maintenance works.
• Accidental skin & eye irritation & burns, respiratory & pulmonary diseases.
• Liver kidney, CNS, CVS functions on chronic exposure.
• Chemical burns due to vapors exposure in case of fire.

7.7.7.10 Occupational Health and Safety Precautions

Provision of all necessary equipment like portable detectors, online detectors and
other laboratory equipment for regular monitoring of workplace air and other
conditions (VOC, Temperature, Humidity and Light Intensity etc.,
• The safety policy
• All the work places will be provided with the MSDS of chemicals & materials
being handled. The concerned employees are trained and all the employees
are made aware of the hazards in handling the chemicals.
• Inspection and preventive & breakdown maintenance of all the equipment
including pollution control equipment will be undertaken.
• Compulsory use of necessary PPEs

223
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Installation of Fire extinguishers at required places for all workers

• Regular work place monitoring
• Provision of part time qualified medical officer as per factories act guidelines.
• Regular medical check-up of employees by qualified medical team.
• Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure
will be carried out at frequent intervals.
• Display various instruction boards, cautionary notices etc., at different
locations.

7.7.7.11 Frequency & Parameters of Health Check-Up

• Pre-employment health check-up followed by periodical health check-up will
be undertaken every year with special attention to occupational health
hazards for all the employees.
• This activity will be outsourced to the local hospitals and diagnostic centers
• The following parameters are part of pre-employment & annual periodical
medical checkup given in Table 7.11

Table 7.11: Health check-up parameters

Sl.
Test Details
No.
1 General physique
2 Pulse
3 Blood Pressure
Complete Blood Examination Hemoglobin % (Hb%), WBC, RBC,
4
etc.
5 Vision, hearing, breathing
6 Central Nervous System (CNS)
7 Respiratory System-Lung Function (RS)
8 Cardio Vascular System (CVS)
9 Electro Cardio Gram (ECG)
10 Chest X-ray at appropriate intervals.
11 Total Leucocyte Count (TC)
12 Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC)
13 Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC)
Complete Urine Examination [Physical / Chemical /Albumin,
14
Sugar & Bile Salt etc.
15 Random blood Sugar (RBS)

7.8 Social impact assessment, R&R action plans

7.8.1 Social impact assessment
Social Impact Assessment is link to Socio – Economic Benefit to the people living
around the project. The present proposal is establishment of distillery unit using
sugar syrup/juice and grains to produce RS/Ethanol. Therefore, the proposed project

224
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

will benefit the agriculturists in terms of utilization of their produce that is sugarcane
in the factory. Under the corporate social responsibility industry will undertake
various activities for the benefit of the local people.

7.8.2 R & R action plans

The proposed establishment will be in company own land and no settlements inside
the project site. Hence, there will be no re-settlement & re-habitation is envisaged in
the proposed project.

225
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER – 8
PROJECT BENEFITS

226
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 8
PROJECT BENEFITS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8.0 General
The proposed project has potential to generate employment opportunities for
unskilled, semiskilled, skilled workforce during construction and operation phase as
well. There will be an overall socio-economic development in the area around the
project. The proposed establishment of the plant will also support Government of
India’s fuel blending programme with renewable energy like Ethanol and help
downsize the nation’s carbon footprint and supply to pharmaceutical industries to
produce drug manufacturing, paint industries, potable alcohol and various domestic
applications. This will not only help in reducing the emission from vehicles will also
save the foreign exchange considerably.

With the available Sugarcane command area and availability of grains in surrounding
district there is lot of scope for M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. to take
up this project.

8.1 Improvements in the physical infrastructure

Due to the presence of M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. there will be
expectation in improvements in the region that has taken place over the years since
the commissioning of the plant. To name a few infrastructural developments are road
connectivity between the villages and to the industry, increase in green cover,
drinking water facilities along with sanitation etc.,

8.2 Employment potential - skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled

The proposed project will be employed about 210 persons during its operation,
comprising skilled and semi-skilled persons. Industry will give preference to the local
people for employment based on the competence of the job. Additionally, certain
works like providing security personnel, transportation allied services to the
employed manpower will be outsourced on contract.

8.3 Other tangible benefits including Corporate Environment Responsibility of

the company
The following facilities will be provided to the employees:
● Regular Health check-ups, Med- claim.
● Transportation facilities
● Housing facilities

The economic condition of the neighbourhood people will be improved. Social

development works will be undertaken in the neighbouring villages under CER
program under this an amount of Rs. 270 Lakhs is earmarked for environment
development.

227
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

8.4 Corporate Environment Responsibility

The Company will be undertaking and implementing CSR activities by giving
donations to promote various social, cultural and philanthropic activities. The total
capital cost of the proposed project is Rs.180 crores. As per MoEF & CC Office
Memorandum no. 22-65/2007-IA, III dated 01.05.2018, for greenfield project 1.5% of
the cost of the project is to be earmarked for Corporate Environmental
Responsibilities (CER). An amount of Budget of Rupees 2.7 Crores is to be
earmarked for shouldering the CER.

Fund
Timeline
Sl. Allocated
Activity under CER (Year
No. (Rs. in
wise)
Lakhs)
Infrastructure development programs in
Governments schools in viz., school
blocks, computers, desk and tables, smart
1 boards in following villages; 75 2024 -28
• Basarkod village
• Gudadinni village
• Siddapur P. Talikoti village
Providing RO drinking water facility to
• Gonal village
• Rudagi village
2 100 2025 -28
• Siddapur P. Talikoti village
• Jettagi village
• Koppa village
Solar street lighting facility to
2025 -
3 • Basarkod village 50
29
• Gundakarjagi
Sanitary facility to the villages
• Koppa village 2024 -
4 45
• Madinal village 28
• Bidarkundi village
Total 2.7 Crores

228
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 9
ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT
ANALYSIS

229
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 9
ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

As per Appendix iii, Generic structure of EIA document of EIA Notification dated 14 th
September, 2006; the Chapter on “Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis” is
applicable only, if the same is recommended at the scoping stage.

As per the Standard ToR vide No. IA-J-11011/394/2021-IA-II(I) dated 22.10.2021

there is no mention to carry out “Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis”. Hence not
addressed.

230
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER – 10
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PLAN (EMP)

231
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 10
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.0 Introduction
This chapters deals with description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that
mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after
approval of the EIA and obtaining Environment Clearance.

The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable

development in the area of the proposed project. EMP aims at not only the
regulatory requirements to meet the norms prescribed in the Environment Protection
Act and Rules but also ensures the conservation measures with respect to use of
natural resources.

Chapter 4 of this EIA report under the caption “Anticipated Environmental Impact
and Mitigation Measures” is dealt in detail possible sources of impact, its duration
and significance of impact and suggestive mitigation measures during construction
and operation phase of the project. Similarly, in Chapter 6 of this report, effective
way of Environment Monitoring Methodology, Frequency, Location of Monitoring,
budgeting of EMP etc. is dealt.

In this chapter 10 emphasis on the administrative ways of EMP development and

are the following:

• Monitoring plans for checking activities and environmental parameters &

monitoring responsibilities.
• Role responsibilities of the environmental cell & resource allocation for
monitoring.
• Mitigation measures for each of the activities causing the environmental
impact

Further, the administrative aspects of the environment management, green belt and
rainwater harvesting are also dealt.

Following sections describes in brief the environment management plan proposed

for construction and operation phases.

The success lies in components are simultaneously present viz.,

(1) Management support
(2) Efficiency of the environment management cell and
(3) Acceptability of resulting environmental quality, both by Regulatory body and
by public.

232
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

(4) Promote environmental awareness and understanding among employees and

contractors through training, identification of roles and responsibilities
towards environmental management.
(5) Linking project performance to overall environmental performance.

10.1 Objectives of Environmental Management Plan

Objectives of Environmental Management Plan are;

• To ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented to protect the

environment from the operational impacts and to comply with all legal
requirements while meeting the social obligation
• Systems and procedures are established for implementing mitigation
measures to;
➢ Treat and dispose the pollutants related to air, liquid, solid/hazardous
waste and to control noise to the regulatory requirement.
➢ To take up greenbelt development as per the guideline
➢ Practice rain water harvesting to conserve the water by collecting and
reusing to reduce fresh water consumption.
➢ Give emphasis on resource conservation, recycle and reuse
➢ Ensure environment health and safety of the employees
• Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures and correct and upgrade the
systems to meet the regulatory norms
• Take necessary prompt action when unforeseen impacts occur due to
accidents

10.2 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

For effectiveness of the EMP system an Environmental Management Cell (EMC) is
to be established for implementation and monitoring. The EMC will be comprising of
technical personnel with sectoral qualification, field experience and with clearly
defined roles and responsibilities and authority for effective implementation of EMP.
A typical structure of EMC is presented in the form of an organogram is shown in
Figure 10.0

233
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Chief Executive
Officer

General Manager
- Works

Deputy General Manager -

Manager- Process Environment

Occupational, Chemists ETP Environment

Environment safety Operation Engineers
officer

Figure 10.0: EMC organogram

Responsibilities of Environmental management cell

• To implement & monitor the Environment Management Plan
• Monitor the wastewater on daily basis for flow of effluent, operation of online
monitors, analysis of critical parameters as per the Standard Operation
Procedures (SOPs) for the unit operation of ETP
• Report timely compliance to the regulatory authorities as stipulated
• Monitor efficiency of all pollution control equipment regularly
• Maintain online monitoring system for effluent inflow and emission form
boilers
• Develop a strong Management Information System or Standard Operating
Procedure to disseminate information to top management and concerned
production personnel on
➢ Compliances
➢ Non-compliances
➢ Efficiency of operation of Pollution Control equipment and ETP facilities
➢ Alert the top management on potential non-compliances
• To ensure that Environment Performance is one of the important agenda
points in the Monthly Progress Review by top management.
• Look for improvement opportunities to down size carbon foot print and to
reduce emissions to environment.
• Resource utilization like solar energy.

234
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

10.3 EMP for construction stage

Here action plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the extent
possible. The management and contractor are responsible for meeting compliance
with recommendations and conditions of the EMP.

10.3.1 Responsibilities Environmental management cells during construction

The following are the environmental management responsibilities of the various
parties during construction and operational phases. Unless otherwise stated the
EMP will be adhered to as follows:
• The EMC is responsible to ensure that the contractor follows the EMP
• The Environmental Engineer/ Safety Officer will inspect the site
periodically/random once in a week depending on the stage of the project
• The inspection will include a review of records that will be kept on site by the
contractor and/or safety officer

10.3.2 Environmental monitoring during construction

This will include;
• Ensuring that construction workers are following the safety procedures and
usage of right PPEs
• Periodical monitoring of Ambient air quality monitoring during earthwork at
wind word direction for 24 hours during the activity at peak and noise level at
the site
• Disposal of construction and domestic sewage
• Weekly inspections to confirm environmental compliance with the EMP.
• These inspections can be conducted randomly
• Record the mishaps or misleading activities
• Discuss mishaps during the management review and take necessary actions
• Compilation with inspection observations to be verified to ensure corrective
actions

10.4 EMP for Operation Phase

The impacts on the various environmental attributes are mitigated using appropriate
pollution control equipment. The environment management action plan aims at
controlling pollution at the source level to the extent possible, with the available and
affordable technology, followed by the treatment measures before they are
discharged to the environment. The mitigation measures to prevent adverse impact
of the project is dealt in Chapter 4 of the report and it focusses on the following:
a. Air Environment
b. Water environment
c. Solid waste
d. Land environment
e. Noise Environment
f. Ecology and biodiversity

235
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

g. Socio Economic environment

h. Traffic due to vehicular movement
i. Rain water harvesting
j. Socio economic

10.4.1 Air Environment

Sugar plant, Co-gen and distillery emission management
The environmental cell shall ensure the following;
• The fuel viz., Bagasse should be stored in a secured manner provided with
netlon/plastic net to control the fugitive emission pith and dust. Similarly, the
covered conveyor belts should be provided to control dropping down of pith
and fugitive emission. Water sprinkling in ash storage area.
• The performance of air pollution control equipment provided to boiler and DG
set for emission control should be kept operating round the clock for this
alternative power supply should be provided.
• The calibration of online monitoring system should be carried out as per the
schedule given by the supplier and it shall be continuous in operation and
lockdown to KSPCB and CPCB server. If any issues observed in the reading
shall be addressed immediately.
• The products RS/ Ethanol shall be stored in MS tanks in a secured manner
providing dyke walls to tank farm. Cooling system shall be provided to the
storage tanks to maintain ambient temperature and to ensure control of
fugitive emission.
• Odour is primarily controlled at the source by good operational practices,
including physical management control measures and regular monitoring.
• Better housekeeping with good hygiene condition by regular steaming of all
fermentation equipment.
• The main source of odour is from spent wash storage lagoon. The holding
capacity shall be restricted to maximum 5 days in order to reduce the odour.
• Maintenance of log books and review by top management during the monthly
review meeting.

10.4.2 Water Environment

The environmental cell shall ensure the following;

Sugar plant effluent management

• Strom water and effluent drains are free from dust material and easy flow of
effluent and water by regular cleaning
• The storm water drain should be kept separate from effluent drain
• Verification of log books for daily entries of water consumption, wastewater
generation
• Ensuring that right PPEs usage by operators
• Ensure continuous operation of ETP.

236
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

• Ensure that the online monitoring systems viz., flow measuring device and
treated effluent monitored are kept in operating condition all the time and
connected to KSPCB and CPCB server.
• Ensure that the treated effluent meets the standards prescribed in the consent
order of KSPCB
• Verifying the consent compliance status on daily basis

Distillery plant effluent management

• Storage and handling of Spent wash
• Verification of log books for daily entries of water consumption, wastewater
generation
• The continuous operation and maintenance of the MEE, boilers and PCTP
• Operation and maintenance of online flow meters and connectivity of online
monitoring systems to CPCB and KSPCB servers.
• Ensuring ZDL operations
• No effluent treated or untreated are discharged on land or outside the factory.
• Maintenance of log books and review by top management.
• Verifying the consent compliance status on daily basis

10.4.3 Solid Waste Management

Sugar plant and distillery Plant: The bagasse, press mud and boiler ash are the
major solid waste that are generated from the sugar plant/milling section. Bagasse is
completely used in the boiler for steam generation which is required for process
section and power generation. Press mud, yeast sludge, ETP sludge, boiler ash is
mixed and given to farmers for composting and application on land for agriculture.
Fly ash will be given to brick manufacturers. The quantities of solid waste generation
and disposal methods are given in the Chapter 2.

10.4.4 Land Management

The establishment is being planned within the company owned vacant land. The
topography of the area will be moderately changed during the construction of sugar
mill and distillery unit and allied facilities. The land where the construction is planned
in vacant land and not clearing existing tree plantations. The landscape and the
greenery around the construction site will not be disturbed. Due care will be taken to
provide barricade around the construction site and to ensure dust deposition on the
vegetation do not take place.

10.4.5 Noise Management

The major source of noise is from operation of sugarcane crusher, juice clarifier,
boiling section, compressors, motors, pumps, blowers and DG set, boiler area, TG
set, and movement of vehicles carrying sugarcane and the products transport trucks
and tankers.

237
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

There is bound to be some residual effect due the operation of the above sources
and activities. Control of noise will be attempted at source by lubrication of moving
equipment, providing acoustic enclosures/rooms for DG set, and TG sets, keeping
compressors and the pumps in good condition to make the noise minimal. Company
will ensure that the DG set and other equipment purchased will meet the regulatory
noise as far as the noise levels are concerned.

Vehicular movement will be on the metal road both inside and outside. The human
settlement is not affected as they are away from the industry. Movement of vehicles
during the night times will be avoided. Industry has to plan for the black topping with
proper budgeting of road work.

The operators working the high noise areas will be provided with earmuffs. Due to
control of noise at the source the noise level at the boundary of the industry will meet
the National Ambient Noise Quality Standards prescribed in the Environment
(Protection) Rules and The Noise Pollution (Control and Regulation) Rules 2000.

The greenbelt in and around the industry will further reduce the noise levels.

10.4.6 Socio-Economic Environment

Socio-Economic benefits
• Job opportunities to residents during construction and operation phase
• Green belt development and avenue plantations to improve Aesthetics as
recommended
• Conduct Medical camps in nearby villages
• To maintain good Public Relation with the community for co-existence
• Scheduled interaction with the stakeholders likely to be affected by the
establishment to understand their grievances and to take timely corrective
action

10.4.7 Green Environment

Development of greenbelt in and around industrial activity is an effective way to
check pollutants and their dispersion in to surrounding areas. The degree of pollution
attenuation by a greenbelt depends on its height and width, foliage surface area,
density, dry deposition, velocity of pollutants and the average wind speed through
the green belt. The main objective of green belt around the factory is;

1. Mitigation of impacts due to fugitive emissions

2. Attenuation of noise levels
3. Ecological restoration
4. Improvement in aesthetic environment quality
5. Waste water treatment and reuse.
6. Soil erosion prevention

238
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Keeping in view of the soil and water quality available in and around the industry and
the topography of land. The area earmarked for greenbelt is 13 acres accounting for
33.23 % of the total land area.

Greenbelt shall be developed all along the boundaries to control the spread of pith to
the surrounding areas and it helps in minimizing the spread of odour. The greenbelt
will be enriched with native species. The tree plantation proposed is given in Table
10.0.
Table 10.0: List of tree species proposed
Sl. No. Botanical Name Common Name Nos. Row*
1 Pongamia pinnata Honge Tree 500 A3
2 Bauhinia varigata Orchid Tree 500 A2
3 Michelia champaca Champaka Tree 500 A1
4 Acacia auriculiformis Benth Earleaf acacia 500 A2
5 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Indian siris 300 A1
6 Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Gulmohar 300 A1
7 Terminalia catappa L. Badam tree 300 A2
8 Ficus benjamina Java Tree 500 A3
9 Azadiracta indica Neem Tree 200 A1
10 Mangifera indica Mango tree 200 A1
11 Samanea saman Rain tree 500 A2
12 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk Jack fruit tree 500 A2
13 Tectona grandis Teak tree 300 A1
14 Grevillea robusta Silver tree 300 A1
15 Bambusa bambos Bamboo tree 1400 A1
16 Annona squamosa Linn Custard Apple 400 A3
17 Psidium guajava Guava tree 400 A3
18 Punica granatum Pomegranate tree 400 A3
Total 8000
*A1: First row immediate after the compound wall
A2: Second row after A1
A3: Third row after A2
B: Within the plant area, on either side of the road

These are locally common in the surrounding region as well.

• Plantation will be taken up for every year to maintain greenbelt in and around
the factory premises
• Adequate provisions will be made to facilitate adequate watering of all plants
and lawns.
• Special attention is provided during summer to ensure that the green belt

239
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

does not suffer from water shortage.

• No outside soil is brought for any building/ greenery developments.

For green belt development Rs. 500/ tree will be spent towards the sapling 8000
Nos. of tree species, it accounts Rs. 40 lakhs for capital investment and for annual
maintenance of tree species Rs. 16 Lakhs/Annum (@Rs. 200/tree) will be
earmarked.

10.5 Environmental Monitoring Schedule

Aappropriate monitoring is a technique of drawing a sample and deriving inferences
from the same for knowledge and improvements. A scheme for monitoring is
presented in Chapter 6. The monitored data will be compiled and submitted to
regulatory authorities as per the stipulations.

i) Daily Compliance:
• Take the meter readings - initial and final, for checking the water
consumption.
• Maintain the electricity consumption record for pollution control equipments.
• To maintain log book for operation of effluent treatment plant viz., Physio
chemical treatment and composting as per CPCB protocols
• Monitor ambient air periodically as per Consent conditions.
• Verify on line monitoring data for any exceedance and to take corrective
actions.

ii) Monthly Compliance:

• Monitor the emission sources through the competent authority and submit the
analysis reports to the KSPCB
• Monitor ambient/work zone noise levels & ensure conformance to standards
• Periodical monitoring of compost quality and the outlet of digester.

iii) Quarterly Compliance:

• Monitor the ambient air quality at upwind and downwind locations of the
factory
• Review the Water Reuse performance.

iv) Half yearly compliance:

• Preparing half yearly compliance report for environmental clearance for the
period April to September; October to March every year and submission in
December and June to Regional Office of MoEF, Department of Ecology and
Environment and to KSPCB.

v) Yearly Compliance:
• Carryout “Environmental Audit of various environmental aspects, review the

240
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

environmental policies with the help of experts and make the up-gradation
/changes accordingly.
• Submit the “Environmental Statement” to the State Pollution Control Board in
Form V under Rule 14 of the Environment (Protection) Second Amendment
Rules 1992 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
• Renew the Consent to Operate under the Water and Air Acts.
• Renew the Hazardous Waste Authorization under sub-rule 3 of the Hazardous
& other Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016.
• To prepare and submit the form 4 under the H W Management Rules to
KSPCB
• The management of M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd.
periodically reviews the performance of EMP and the data generated from
monitoring.
• Carrying out review of safety

10.6 EMP Implementation Schedule

Phased according to the priority, the implementation schedule is presented in the
following Table 10.1

Table 10.1: Implementation schedule for EMP

Sl.
Recommendations Requirement
No.
Air pollution control During planning, design stage and to
1
measures execute during installation of boiler
During planning, design stage and to
Water pollution control execute during construction and
2
measures erection of machineries and the plant
to be ready before commissioning
During planning, design stage and to
3 Noise control measures
execute during installation
During operation stage and design
4 Solid waste management
stage
Proposed & Stage-wise
5 Landscape development implementation along with the
execution of the project

10.6.1 Budget for EMP

The responsibility of EMP implementation lies with M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied
Industries Ltd & the financial allocation/budgetary provisions for environmental
management is detailed in Chapter 6.

For green belt development Rs. 500/tree will be spent towards the sapling 8000 Nos.
of tree species, it accounts Rs. 40 lakhs for capital investment and for annual

241
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

maintenance of tree species Rs. 16 Lakhs/Annum (@Rs. 200/tree) will be

earmarked.

For creating rain water harvesting system Rs. 15 Lakhs will be invested and Rs. 4
Lakhs will be earmarked annually for maintenance of rainwater harvesting system.

10.7 Health and Safety Policy and Environment Policy

Health and Safety Policy
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd recognizes that health and safety is an
integral part of the business. Recognize its responsibility to provide and maintain so
far as is practicable a working environment that is safe and without risks to health.

Industry aim is to minimize work related injuries/illness and is committed to the

reduction and prevention of accidents that may cause injury to employees,
contractors and customers.

In fulfilling M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd objectives, all staff members
are continually implementing and maintaining a healthy and safe environment. It is
the responsibility of all the workers to support and encourage the Occupational
Health and Safety and to ensure the highest standard of occupational health, safety
and rehabilitation in Workplace. M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd is
committed to regular consultation with employees to ensure that systems operate
effectively, and that health and safety issues are regularly reviewed.

Have in place hazard reporting systems, and all facilities are controlled and provide
new employees with safety induction, risk assessment, safe working procedures,
and various ongoing training programs including firefighting and evacuation
procedures. Ensuring the safety of employees thus ensures the safety of our
products.

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd also recognize and work within the
bounds of all relevant State and Federal Occupational Health and Safety and
Workers Compensation legislation.

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd., place the environment in high respect
when dealing with its products, and any of resources and have a waste management
system where recycle/reuse any recyclable resource. All products are handled within
approved facilities and with state-of-the-art equipment. There are various rooms and
containers where chemicals are kept, these rooms are designed to prevent any
spillage and strictly accessible to authorized staff.

Management gives the highest priority to involvement and commitment to the health,
safety and welfare of staff members, visitors and contractors.

242
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd., Health and Safety Policy is to create
the health and safety practices and work environments that enable company people
to work injury and illness free. Managers and employees are expected to support
implementation of this policy in accordance with their roles and responsibilities in the
organization.

The following courses of action facilitate conformance with this policy:

• Assure managers and employees are trained and accountable for preventing
work-related injuries and illnesses.
• Design and operate work environment and work processes to control and
reduce occupational health and safety risks including safe product
manufacturing and safe product servicing.
• Support health promotion programs that contribute to the productivity, health
and well-being of employees.
• Maintain an effective management system that integrates occupational health
and safety into business and decision-making processes. Establish
appropriate objectives and targets, regularly assess performance, and
practice continual improvement.
• Ensuring operations comply with applicable occupational health and safety
regulations.
• Provide clear and accurate information about the occupational health and
safety aspects of operations to employees, customers, shareholders,
government agencies and the public.
• Inform suppliers, partners and contractors of occupational health and safety
expectations and encourage them to adopt occupational health and safety
management practices.

Use sound business and scientific principles to constructively contribute to

occupational health and safety public policy, initiatives and regulations.

10.7.1 Environmental Policy

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd aims to achieve the highest standards
of environmental performance in the interest of employees, owners, neighbors, the
public at large or the natural environment itself.

Company will make every effort to fully comply with the terms of local pollution
control board norms and with other applicable and relevant environmental legislation.

By preparing and implementing environmental policies, systems, procedures and

regularly reviewing them at senior management level will administer a continuous
improvement programme designed to minimize the impact of operations on the
environment.

243
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

The environmental implications of introducing new process and product will be

carefully and cleaner technologies will be utilized where possible, waste avoidance,
waste reduction and minimization initiatives will be vigorously perused in accordance
with the best Eco-efficiency practices.

Materials and energy used in the manufacturing and associated activities will be
carefully conserved. This will be done by optimizing product yield, maximizing the
recycle of materials where this is feasible and culminating, leaks, spills and reworks.

10.7.3 Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of
all contract and casual workers
As per the regulatory requirement, pre-employment health check-up and workers
both permanent employees and contract shall be carried out once in a year. The
general health check-ups like Blood analysis, Urine analysis, Eye test, Respiratory,
Cardio vascular, central nervous check-up will be conducted.

244
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER – 11
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

245
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 11
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11.0 Summary and conclusion

M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd an agro based industry is proposed at
Survey No. 229/1, 230 Basarkod village, Muddebihal Taluk, Bijapur District,
Karnataka. They propose to establish sugarcane syrup producing plant of 3000 TCD
to use sugarcane syrup in Distillery unit of 220 KLPD capacity to produce RS
/Ethanol and to install a captive power plant 10 MW. During off season the distillery
and captive power plant propose to operate at 120 KLPD capacity using grain as raw
material to produce RS /Ethanol and to generate 4 MW captive power respectively.

Ethanol produced will be for industrial use, medicine preparation, paint industries
and alcohol for portable purpose. Also, Ethanol will be sold to Oil Marketing
Companies for blending with petrol. This project will support the ambition of the
Government to meet the 20 % of ethanol blending with petrol by the year 2025.

Land for the proposed site is owned by the company directors. The land earmarked
for the industrial use is 39.11 acres. The land is at present is being used for
agriculture. Application is made for the conversion land to non-agricultural use to
establish the industry. The location of the plant is free from ecologically sensitive
areas. Green belt development is planned in an area of 33 acres accounting for 33%
of the total land earmarked for the industry.

Source of raw material is around the proposed industry in a radius of 25 to 30 km.

Water supply is from River Krishna, flowing at 10.5 km from the project site.

The Environmental Impact Assessment study for the proposed project is caried out
as per the terms of reference given by Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate
Change for the application made for prior EC. The study conducted has covered
various facts of the proposed establishment of industry, starting with the need, its
basic requirements like raw materials requirement source, water requirement,
availability of land, manufacturing process, waste management process, etc.,

The Baseline monitoring study indicate that the ambient air quality, ground water
quality, surface water quality, soil and noise are all within the prescribed national and
Indian Standards Institution prescribed limits.

In addition to this the metrological data and baseline environmental features have
been evaluated to understand the environmental setting of the project site. Based on
the baseline environmental survey air modelling studies were carried out to predict
the impact on ground level concentration of pollutants in the study area. Also, the

246
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

land use and land cover, ecological features of the location including the flora &
fauna, soil quality status, socio-economic environment, the demographic structure
have been evaluated.

The incremental increase in the concentration of air pollutants once the industry is
established is predicted to be within the National Ambient Air Quality.

Industry is designed to adopt the Zero Liquid Effluent Discharge. The effluent
generated during the use of sugarcane syrup will be concentrated and spray dried to
produce potash powder which can be used as enrichment of manure. The effluent
generated using the grain as raw material will be concentrated and Distillers Dry
Grain Solid will be produced to use it as cattle feed. The other lean effluents will be
treated and reused in the process and cooling water makeup. Excess treated effluent
after recycle will be treated and disposed for irrigation on company owned land.

Based on the above studies an Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared
to ascertain the possible impacts of the proposed project on the environmental
parameters like air, water, land, biological and socio-economic environment. An
impact matrix has also been prepared based on the observations of the impacts on
the environment.

An Environmental Management Plan has been drawn covering the environmental

monitoring plan required to be adopted by the management is addressed. An
environmental monitoring plan is envisaged deciding frequency, location, data
analysis, reporting schedules. Budget of Rs. 11 Lakhs per annum is earmarked for
monitoring. The capital cost of EMP is Rs. 2230 Lakhs and recurring cost is Rs.
244.2 Lakhs/Annum.

Detailed risk assessment study is carried out to evaluate the risks involved due to
storage and handling of raw material, products and utility operations. Also,
precautionary measures to be taken for prevention/management of such risks.

The conclusions drawn from the above study is that the proposed project undertaken
by the management, has certain impacts on the local environmental setting.
However, the impacts on air quality, water quality, noise and soil are not exceeding
the limits prescribed in the regulatory documents and the guidelines.

Hence, the proposed project will not have significant impact on the natural
environmental setting of the study zone provided the management takes up all the
measures to control the impact, as computed in the report. However, the beneficial
impacts on the society outweigh marginal impacts in terms of availability of
RS/Ethanol locally and anticipated in terms of the employment opportunities during
regular operation of the industry. Also, there will be economic growth at the regional
level especially for the farmer community.

247
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Further, the wastes generated are also useful for farmers' viz., press mud and yeast
sludge for composting, ash generated from incinerator having high potash content is
useful for land application. Fly ash from boiler is useful for the brick manufacturers.

The industry will have Environmental Management Cell in its organization to monitor
and implement programs its environmental status from time to time and will continue
to adopt all such technological advances to reduce the impact due to its operation on
the environment.

Land use characterization is done using satellite remote sensing imagery. There are
no forest patches or reserved forests in the study area. Vegetation of the study area
is represented only by sparse trees (tree outside forests). One third order drainage
originating from the project site, which joins bigger stream (Hire halla) and ultimate
joins Krishna River.

Further, observed faunal species in the study area are not falling in the Schedule I of
the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and not under any IUCN threatened categories. The
proposed facility is not going to cause any fragmentation of habitat or destruction of
breeding grounds or blockage of any migratory routes.

The socio-economic impact is positive with proposed project.

Rain water Harvesting for the roof top rain water and hard paved area are suggested
in the EIA report.

To put it in a nut shell the management of industry, strongly believes in the concept
of sustainable development and understands the impacts of the proposed project on
the environment from the EIA studies conducted.

It is committed to develop its industry by minimal pressure on the environment on

use of natural resources as it will be using as by-product from the sugar plant and
water requirement will be met from recycle of treated effluent water and minimal
quantity from River Krishna. This industrial sector is farmers friendly. The M/s.
Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd management lays emphasis on the
implementation of the recommendations of the EMP in true spirit.

248
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 12
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
ENGAGED

249
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER 12
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12.0 Names of the consultants engaged with their brief resume & nature of
consultancy rendered

Address: M/s SAMRAKSHAN

F- 4, I Floor, Swastik Manandi Arcade,
S C Road, Sheshadripuram,
Bangalore - 560 020
Ph.: 080-41466009
E mail id – [email protected], [email protected]

SAMRAKSHAN is an Environmental Engineering Consultancy Company based at

Bangalore, Karnataka. We are leading B2B solution providers in the field of
Environment. SAMRAKSHAN is a specialized solution provider for Infrastructure
projects, Area Development Projects, Industrial activities such as Distillery, Sugar,
Fertilizers, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Chemical industries, Power sectors,
Common Waste Disposal facilities – Hazardous waste, Bio-medical waste, CETPs,
Isolated storage facilities, etc., SAMRAKSHAN also undertakes Professional services
in Environmental aspects.

Quality Policy of SAMRAKSHAN

“We at SAMRAKSHAN, a professional environmental technical consultancy company
are committed to provide highest quality environmental management associated
services within timeframe with highest degree of integrity, knowledge and technical
know-how in sync with the norms that consistently conform and fulfil our customer
expectations and achieve customer satisfaction in statutory and regulatory
requirements.

SAMRAKSHAN shall become a Leading and Trustworthy Business Partner to all our
Customers. We will achieve this by providing strategic direction to our business,
setting up quality objectives which are regularly reviewed and evaluated. We shall
strive continually to improve our Quality Management Systems and at the same time
create an environment of team work among all our people with motivational
programs”.

12.1 Declaration for Involvement in EIA Study

Project details
Name and M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol and Allied Industries Limited
address Survey No. 229/1, 230 Basarkod village, Muddebihal Taluk,
Bijapur District, Karnataka

250
M/s. Nadahalli Ethanol & Allied Industries Ltd. Environment Impact Assessment Report

Status Establishment
Type • Sugarcane syrup production plant of capacity 3000 TCD
• Distillery using Sugarcane syrup as raw material to produce
Rectified Spirit (RS)and Ethanol of capacity 220 KLPD
OR
• Grain based distillery with production capacity 120 KLPD
capacity using grain as raw material to produce Ethanol
during off season and
• Captive power plant of capacity 10 MW.
Category as per Distilleries, Sugar industry and Thermal power plants under
EIA Notification serial No. 5(g), 5(j) and 1(d) respectively Category-A in the
schedule of the EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006
NABET sector 22 – Distilleries
25 – Sugar Industry
4 – Thermal power plants
EIA consultants’ details
Name & address SAMRAKSHAN
F- 4, I Floor, Swastik Manandi Arcade, S C Road,
Sheshadripuram, Bangalore - 560 020.
Status NABET Accredited Environmental Consultants
NABET Sl. No. NABET/EIA/1922/SA 0138
Details of Laboratory engaged in EIA study
Name & address Nichrome Testing Laboratory & Research Private Limited
No.170, Judges Bungalow Road, Narayanpur, Dharwad-580
008 Karnataka
Status NABL Accredited laboratory

251