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Mission Hydrogen - Siemens - 26th July 2023 - DC Supplies

1) Electrical network design considerations for high power DC supplies feeding electrolyzers include typical parameters like supply voltage and frequency variations, harmonic distortion levels, and short circuit capacities. 2) Common network standards like IEC 61000 provide limits for harmonics and other power quality parameters to avoid issues from non-linear loads. 3) Large electrolyzer systems will utilize power electronic components like rectifiers and converters which can negatively impact the electrical network if not properly designed to meet standards. Proper component selection is necessary to ensure safe and reliable plant operation.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
142 views21 pages

Mission Hydrogen - Siemens - 26th July 2023 - DC Supplies

1) Electrical network design considerations for high power DC supplies feeding electrolyzers include typical parameters like supply voltage and frequency variations, harmonic distortion levels, and short circuit capacities. 2) Common network standards like IEC 61000 provide limits for harmonics and other power quality parameters to avoid issues from non-linear loads. 3) Large electrolyzer systems will utilize power electronic components like rectifiers and converters which can negatively impact the electrical network if not properly designed to meet standards. Proper component selection is necessary to ensure safe and reliable plant operation.

Uploaded by

balla sandy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mission Hydrogen

Design considerations for high power dc supplies feeding electrolyzers

Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Electrical network
Typical network parameter to be considered

Medium voltage network (1 kV-66 kV) PCC (Point of common coupling)

Public grid Industrial network


IT
TN/TT TN/TT TN/TT
Heavy
IT
Production Heavy Industries
Office
Industries ≥ 1000 V / > 400 A
Private Small < 1000 V
homes business
H2

Supply voltage variations, typically +/- 10 % Harmonic predistortion levels

Supply frequency variations, typically +/- 5 % Power factor & harmonic limits

Short circuit capacity of the supply grid (Scc) in MVA

Page 2 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Network codes
Overview of common standards electric power systems

Page 3 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Electrical network
Overview and example of IEC 61000-x limits

Medium voltage network (1 kV-66 kV) PCC (Point of common coupling)

Public grid Industrial network


IT
TN/TT TN/TT TN/TT
Heavy
IT
Production Heavy Industries
Office
Industries ≥ 1000 V / > 400 A
Private Small < 1000 V
homes business
H2

e.g. Harmonic – IEC 61000-2-4 level 2 IEC 61000-2-4 level 3


IEC 61000-2-2 level
standards

THD(U) ≤8% ≤8% ≤ 10 %

THD = Total harmonic distortion

Page 4 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Network codes
Why are these codes necessary?

Typical network disturbances Voltage Dip Flicker

▪ Supply voltage deviations

▪ Voltage dips & short interuptions


Unbalance
▪ Voltage unbalance
Voltage notch
▪ Temporary power frequency variation

▪ Harmonics
Harmonics Voltage transient
▪ Interharmonics

▪ ……

Page 5 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Rectifier concepts
SCR (thyristor) based technology

IEC 61000-2-4

Page 6 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Electrical network
Effect of non linear loads e.g. large power rectifiers & converters

▪ Overheating of electrical distribution equipment e.g. cables & transformers

▪ Overheating of electrical motors

▪ High voltage and circulating currents caused by harmonic resonance

▪ Equipment malfunction e.g. process measurement equipment

▪ Increased internal losses, overheating and reduced lifetime

▪ Protective equipment does not work properly e.g. protection relays

▪ Lower overall power factor will lead to poor equipment utilization and high energy cost

▪ …..

Page 7 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Typical electrolyzer application
Design considerations

Page 8 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Typical power electronic components for H2 plant
Overview SINAMICS / SIMOTICS portfolio

SINAMICS V SINAMICS V SINAMICS S120


0,12 kW – 30 kW SINAMICS DCM
0,12 kW – 30 kW AIM,ALM, MoMo
6 kW – 8000 kW
SINAMICS G SINAMICS G 6 kW – 6600 kW
0,37 kW – 2700 kW 0,37 kW – 2700 kW
SINAMICS S SINAMICS S
0,55 kW – 6600 kW 0,55 kW – 6600 kW

SIMOTICS XP SIMOTICS GP / SD
SIMOTICS – 1000
0,18 kWGP / SD kW 0,09 kW – 1000 kW
0,09 kW – 1 000 kW
SIMOTICS XP
0,18 kW – 1 000 kW

H2

Pumps Pumps H2 H2O

Fans Fans H2O


Compressors Compressors Electrolyzer
……. ……. Electrolyzer

Page 9 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Rectifier concepts
SCR (thyristor) based technology

W3C with B6U/C with B6C with


DCM Diode stack IGBT chopper 12p Single / Parallel with
12p Single 12p Parallel
harmonic filter &
DCMs DCMs
compensation

Small Medium
5 kW - …. kW 250 kW - ….. MW

Page 10 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


MV & LV DC SCR rectifier for electrolysis applications

INNOMOTICS SL150 DC Rectifier (MV) SINAMICS DCM (LV)

• Input Voltage range 800 V…1700 V 50/60 Hz • Forced air-cooled


• Output Voltage range 500 V…2000 V DC • 1Q/2Q/4Q
• Up to 5500 A DC single 6 pulse • DC drive appl.
• Up to 8000 A DC double 6 pulse • 6-pulse and 12-pulse connection
• 12-pulse/ 24-pulse • Double stack with 12 Thyristors (4Q)
• Forced air-cooled • Surge arrestors (bypack)
• One cabinet: B6C Thyristor bridge + 6 • Output voltage range up to 1000 V DC
dummies for optimized cooling • Up to 3000 A constant current per stack
• Highest Efficiency up to 99 % • Up to 6 units in parallel
• Integrated arm fuses Compact footprint
• Surge arrestors (external bypack) • DCM CM for DC application
• Compact footprint: 900 mm Single stack (AOP30 control panel in the door
• Integrated SINAMICS Control unit CU320-2 • Emergency stop button
runs with SINAMICS MV Firmware • Current / voltage monitoring
• No additional control cabinet
• Emergency stop button
• Current / voltage monitoring

Page
Page 11
11 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26
Rectifier concepts
SCR (thyristor) based technology

Multiple
12 to 48 pulse systems
In combination with
central MV harmonic filter
and
power factor correction (STATCOM)

Page 12 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Electrical network
Background on harmonic filters, power factor compensation

Static compensation (STATCOM) Harmonic Filter

The STATCOM provides inductive and The Harmonic filter consist of a combination of
capacitive reactive power with a very tuned reactor and capacitor banks.
dynamic response This combination creates a series resonance in the
Network which eliminates harmonic currents.

Inductive power
IEC 61000-2-4 level
3
IEC 61000-2-4 level
2

Capacitve power

Page 13 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Rectifier concepts
LV IGBT based technology

Small - Medium
250 kW - ….. MW

Page 14 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Rectifier concepts
Advantages & disadvantages of SCR based dc supply

Pro Contra
• Grid disturbances
• CAPEX (Harmonics & reactive power demand)
• Footprint • Project specific converter transformer
• Efficiency needed
• References • Project related engineering required
• High current capability • Wide DC voltage range leads to add. grid
disturbances
• MV & LV units available
• On- / Off-load tap changer needed
• Robust, mature technology
• Engineering in proposal phase required

Page 15 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Rectifier concepts
Advantages & disadvantages of IGBT based dc supply

Pro Contra
• Grid friendly • CAPEX
• Network services e.g Power factor • Footprint
compensation • Efficiency
• High dynamic control • For high currents parallel units needed
• Standard transformer can be used
• Wide dc voltage range
• Standard design, less project related
engineering needed

Page 16 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Rectifier concepts
DC voltage range considerations

→ SCR, Udc max = 1,35 x Uac


→ AFE direct, Udc min = 1,47 x Uac
→ AFE with DC/DC Conv, Udc min 80 V, Udc max 1000 V
→ SCR, wide dc voltage range will effect impact on grid
B6C → SCR, BOL / EOL curve might lead to On Load / Off load tap changer
→ SCR, On load tap changer will reduce harmonic filter size / layout
→ Operating current of semiconductors is the leading design criteria
→ DC voltage range will have effect on equipment utilization (kW / €)
→ Smaller dc voltage range will reduce design complexity

AFE
System optimzation of process & electrical equipment is key

Page 17 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Plant simulations
The life-cycle of a process plant and simulation use cases

Supply chain – Market demand and supply

Product life-cycle Plant life-cycle


Product planning
Product planning and design Plant operation and maintenance
and design

Plant life-cycle – detailed


Conceptual Basic Detailed Installation/ Maintenance &
Commissioning Operation
design engineering engineering construction modernization

NA 35 The feasible The approvable The plant that can The buildable The functioning The plant that The assessed
Objectives plant plant be contracted out plant plant is capable and settled plant
to tend of producing

Simulation 01 | Design simulation


03 | Operator training 04 | Simulation supported
use cases 02 | Simulation supported engi-
plant optimization and shadow plant
neering and virtual commissioning
migration

Page 18 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


DC supplies for electrolyzer
Recommendations

1 Check applicable network codes at installation site

2 Collect network data @ point of common coupling

3 Clarify the max. harmonic distortion levels at installation site

4 Check if a specific power factor must be achieved

5 Get in contact with utility company at installation site in early project phase

6 Forward relevant information to potential suppliers

7 Verify that proposed equipment meet the requirements, use Digital twin modelling

8 Clarify non electric topics e.g. noise levels, cooling method, heat losses, safety/security concept ….

Page 19 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Contact
Published by Siemens AG
Christian Beer
Sales manager Oil & Gas, Chemical & Hydrogen
DI MC GMC S V2
Frauenauracher Straße 80
91056 Erlangen
Germany
Mobile +49 173 706 5539
E-mail [email protected]

Page 20 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26


Disclaimer

© Siemens 2023

Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this document


only contains general descriptions and/or performance features which
may not always specifically reflect those described, or which may
undergo modification in the course of further development of the
products. The requested performance features are binding only when
they are expressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.

All product designations may be trademarks or other rights of


Siemens AG, its affiliated companies or other companies whose use by
third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the
respective owner.

Page 21 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26

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