Mission Hydrogen
Design considerations for high power dc supplies feeding electrolyzers
Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26
Electrical network
Typical network parameter to be considered
Medium voltage network (1 kV-66 kV) PCC (Point of common coupling)
Public grid Industrial network
IT
TN/TT TN/TT TN/TT
Heavy
IT
Production Heavy Industries
Office
Industries ≥ 1000 V / > 400 A
Private Small < 1000 V
homes business
H2
Supply voltage variations, typically +/- 10 % Harmonic predistortion levels
Supply frequency variations, typically +/- 5 % Power factor & harmonic limits
Short circuit capacity of the supply grid (Scc) in MVA
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Network codes
Overview of common standards electric power systems
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Electrical network
Overview and example of IEC 61000-x limits
Medium voltage network (1 kV-66 kV) PCC (Point of common coupling)
Public grid Industrial network
IT
TN/TT TN/TT TN/TT
Heavy
IT
Production Heavy Industries
Office
Industries ≥ 1000 V / > 400 A
Private Small < 1000 V
homes business
H2
e.g. Harmonic – IEC 61000-2-4 level 2 IEC 61000-2-4 level 3
IEC 61000-2-2 level
standards
THD(U) ≤8% ≤8% ≤ 10 %
THD = Total harmonic distortion
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Network codes
Why are these codes necessary?
Typical network disturbances Voltage Dip Flicker
▪ Supply voltage deviations
▪ Voltage dips & short interuptions
Unbalance
▪ Voltage unbalance
Voltage notch
▪ Temporary power frequency variation
▪ Harmonics
Harmonics Voltage transient
▪ Interharmonics
▪ ……
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Rectifier concepts
SCR (thyristor) based technology
IEC 61000-2-4
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Electrical network
Effect of non linear loads e.g. large power rectifiers & converters
▪ Overheating of electrical distribution equipment e.g. cables & transformers
▪ Overheating of electrical motors
▪ High voltage and circulating currents caused by harmonic resonance
▪ Equipment malfunction e.g. process measurement equipment
▪ Increased internal losses, overheating and reduced lifetime
▪ Protective equipment does not work properly e.g. protection relays
▪ Lower overall power factor will lead to poor equipment utilization and high energy cost
▪ …..
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Typical electrolyzer application
Design considerations
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Typical power electronic components for H2 plant
Overview SINAMICS / SIMOTICS portfolio
SINAMICS V SINAMICS V SINAMICS S120
0,12 kW – 30 kW SINAMICS DCM
0,12 kW – 30 kW AIM,ALM, MoMo
6 kW – 8000 kW
SINAMICS G SINAMICS G 6 kW – 6600 kW
0,37 kW – 2700 kW 0,37 kW – 2700 kW
SINAMICS S SINAMICS S
0,55 kW – 6600 kW 0,55 kW – 6600 kW
SIMOTICS XP SIMOTICS GP / SD
SIMOTICS – 1000
0,18 kWGP / SD kW 0,09 kW – 1000 kW
0,09 kW – 1 000 kW
SIMOTICS XP
0,18 kW – 1 000 kW
H2
Pumps Pumps H2 H2O
Fans Fans H2O
Compressors Compressors Electrolyzer
……. ……. Electrolyzer
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Rectifier concepts
SCR (thyristor) based technology
W3C with B6U/C with B6C with
DCM Diode stack IGBT chopper 12p Single / Parallel with
12p Single 12p Parallel
harmonic filter &
DCMs DCMs
compensation
Small Medium
5 kW - …. kW 250 kW - ….. MW
Page 10 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26
MV & LV DC SCR rectifier for electrolysis applications
INNOMOTICS SL150 DC Rectifier (MV) SINAMICS DCM (LV)
• Input Voltage range 800 V…1700 V 50/60 Hz • Forced air-cooled
• Output Voltage range 500 V…2000 V DC • 1Q/2Q/4Q
• Up to 5500 A DC single 6 pulse • DC drive appl.
• Up to 8000 A DC double 6 pulse • 6-pulse and 12-pulse connection
• 12-pulse/ 24-pulse • Double stack with 12 Thyristors (4Q)
• Forced air-cooled • Surge arrestors (bypack)
• One cabinet: B6C Thyristor bridge + 6 • Output voltage range up to 1000 V DC
dummies for optimized cooling • Up to 3000 A constant current per stack
• Highest Efficiency up to 99 % • Up to 6 units in parallel
• Integrated arm fuses Compact footprint
• Surge arrestors (external bypack) • DCM CM for DC application
• Compact footprint: 900 mm Single stack (AOP30 control panel in the door
• Integrated SINAMICS Control unit CU320-2 • Emergency stop button
runs with SINAMICS MV Firmware • Current / voltage monitoring
• No additional control cabinet
• Emergency stop button
• Current / voltage monitoring
Page
Page 11
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Rectifier concepts
SCR (thyristor) based technology
Multiple
12 to 48 pulse systems
In combination with
central MV harmonic filter
and
power factor correction (STATCOM)
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Electrical network
Background on harmonic filters, power factor compensation
Static compensation (STATCOM) Harmonic Filter
The STATCOM provides inductive and The Harmonic filter consist of a combination of
capacitive reactive power with a very tuned reactor and capacitor banks.
dynamic response This combination creates a series resonance in the
Network which eliminates harmonic currents.
Inductive power
IEC 61000-2-4 level
3
IEC 61000-2-4 level
2
Capacitve power
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Rectifier concepts
LV IGBT based technology
Small - Medium
250 kW - ….. MW
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Rectifier concepts
Advantages & disadvantages of SCR based dc supply
Pro Contra
• Grid disturbances
• CAPEX (Harmonics & reactive power demand)
• Footprint • Project specific converter transformer
• Efficiency needed
• References • Project related engineering required
• High current capability • Wide DC voltage range leads to add. grid
disturbances
• MV & LV units available
• On- / Off-load tap changer needed
• Robust, mature technology
• Engineering in proposal phase required
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Rectifier concepts
Advantages & disadvantages of IGBT based dc supply
Pro Contra
• Grid friendly • CAPEX
• Network services e.g Power factor • Footprint
compensation • Efficiency
• High dynamic control • For high currents parallel units needed
• Standard transformer can be used
• Wide dc voltage range
• Standard design, less project related
engineering needed
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Rectifier concepts
DC voltage range considerations
→ SCR, Udc max = 1,35 x Uac
→ AFE direct, Udc min = 1,47 x Uac
→ AFE with DC/DC Conv, Udc min 80 V, Udc max 1000 V
→ SCR, wide dc voltage range will effect impact on grid
B6C → SCR, BOL / EOL curve might lead to On Load / Off load tap changer
→ SCR, On load tap changer will reduce harmonic filter size / layout
→ Operating current of semiconductors is the leading design criteria
→ DC voltage range will have effect on equipment utilization (kW / €)
→ Smaller dc voltage range will reduce design complexity
AFE
System optimzation of process & electrical equipment is key
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Plant simulations
The life-cycle of a process plant and simulation use cases
Supply chain – Market demand and supply
Product life-cycle Plant life-cycle
Product planning
Product planning and design Plant operation and maintenance
and design
Plant life-cycle – detailed
Conceptual Basic Detailed Installation/ Maintenance &
Commissioning Operation
design engineering engineering construction modernization
NA 35 The feasible The approvable The plant that can The buildable The functioning The plant that The assessed
Objectives plant plant be contracted out plant plant is capable and settled plant
to tend of producing
Simulation 01 | Design simulation
03 | Operator training 04 | Simulation supported
use cases 02 | Simulation supported engi-
plant optimization and shadow plant
neering and virtual commissioning
migration
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DC supplies for electrolyzer
Recommendations
1 Check applicable network codes at installation site
2 Collect network data @ point of common coupling
3 Clarify the max. harmonic distortion levels at installation site
4 Check if a specific power factor must be achieved
5 Get in contact with utility company at installation site in early project phase
6 Forward relevant information to potential suppliers
7 Verify that proposed equipment meet the requirements, use Digital twin modelling
8 Clarify non electric topics e.g. noise levels, cooling method, heat losses, safety/security concept ….
Page 19 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2023 | Christian Beer | DI MC GMC S V2 | 2023-07-26
Contact
Published by Siemens AG
Christian Beer
Sales manager Oil & Gas, Chemical & Hydrogen
DI MC GMC S V2
Frauenauracher Straße 80
91056 Erlangen
Germany
Mobile +49 173 706 5539
E-mail
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Disclaimer
© Siemens 2023
Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this document
only contains general descriptions and/or performance features which
may not always specifically reflect those described, or which may
undergo modification in the course of further development of the
products. The requested performance features are binding only when
they are expressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.
All product designations may be trademarks or other rights of
Siemens AG, its affiliated companies or other companies whose use by
third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the
respective owner.
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