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Experiment No.: 02
Experiment Name: Study of Centrifugal Pump, Reciprocating Pump
Objectives:
Familiarization with the structure & working principle of centrifugal pump,
reciprocating pump
Introduction:
In waterworks and wastewater systems, pumps are commonly installed at the source to
raise the water level and at intermediate points to boost the water pressure. The components
and design of a pumping station are vital to its effectiveness.
Centrifugal Pump:
The centrifugal pump defines as a hydraulic machine which converts the mechanical
energy into hydraulic energy by means of a centrifugal force acting on the fluid. In this, the
pump uses a centrifugal force acting on the fluid surface to convert the mechanical energy. The
centrifugal pump flows in a radial outward direction. therefore, the pump acts like a reverse
reaction turbine. These pumps are using to raises the water or liquid from a lower level to a
higher level.
Contruction Details of A Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal pump is classified as the following:-
1. Stationary components
2. Rotating components
1. Stationary components of the centrifugal pump are
the following:-
a) Casing
b) Suction pipe
c) Delivery pipe
2. Rotating component of the centrifugal pump is
Impeller
a) Impeller
Working of Centrifugal Pump:
Water is drawn into the pump from the source of supply through a short length of pipe
(suction pipe). Impeller rotates; it spins the liquid sitting in the cavities between the vanes
outwards and provides centrifugal acceleration with the kinetic energy. This kinetic energy of
a liquid coming out an impeller is harnessed by creating a resistance to flow. The first resistance
is created by the pump volute (casing) that catches the liquid and shows it down. In the
Md. Tarek Ur Rahman Erin
Assistant Professor (Mechanical)
CTEC.
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discharge nozzle, the liquid further decelerates and its velocity is converted to pressure
according to BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPAL.
Priming in a Centrifugal Pump:
Priming is the operation in which the suction pipe, casing of the pump and a portion of
the pipe up to the delivery valve is completely filled up from an outside source with the liquid
to be raised by the pump before starting the pump.
The pressure developed by the impeller of a centrifugal pump is proportional to the
density of the fluid in the impeller. If the impeller is running in the air, it will produce a
negligible pressure which may not suck water through the suction pipe. To avoid this, the pump
is first primed i.e., filled up with water.
Advantages of Centrifugal Pump:
• The biggest advantage of centrifugal pumps is their simplicity.
• They are suitable for large discharge and smaller heads.
• They don’t require any valves or many moving parts.
• This pump allows them to run at high speeds with minimal maintenance.
• Their output is very steady and consistent.
• Centrifugal pumps provide a lot of flexibility, are easy to move, and don’t take up a lot
of space
Reciprocating pumps:
Reciprocating pump operates on the principle of pushing of liquid by a piston that
executes a reciprocating motion in a closed fitting cylinder.
Construction Details of a Reciprocating Pump:
Components of reciprocating pumps:
a) Piston or plunger
b) Crank and Connecting rod
c) Suction pipe
d) Delivery pipe
e) Suction and Delivery value
Working of Reciprocating Pump:
Operation of reciprocating motion is done by the power source (i.e., electric motor or IC
engine, etc.). Power source gives rotary motion to crank; with the help of connecting rod, we
translate reciprocating motion to piston in the cylinder (i.e., intermediate link between
connecting rod and piston). When crank moves from inner dead centre to outer dead centre
vacuum will create in the cylinder. When piston moves outer dead centre to inner dead centre
and piston force the water at outlet or delivery value
Md. Tarek Ur Rahman Erin
Assistant Professor (Mechanical)
CTEC.
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Figure: Reciprocating Pump
Classification of Reciprocation Pump:
On the basis of water being in contact with one side or both sides of the piston.
(i) Single acting cylinder
(ii) Double acting cylinder.
If the water is in contact with one side of the piston, the pump is called single acting
pump and if the water is in contact with both sides of the piston, the pump is called contact
with both sides of the piston, the pump is called double acting pump.
Negative Slip:
In most of the cases, the slip is positive. But in some cases, the actual discharge of the
pump may be more than the theoretical discharge in which case Cd will be more than one and
the slip will be negative, which is known as negative slip. This occurs in pumps having long
suction pipe and low delivery head, especially when these are running at high speed. running
at high speed. This is due to the reason that the inertia pressure in the suction pipe becomes so
large that it causes the delivery valve to open before the suction stroke is completed. Thus,
some liquid is pushed directly into the delivery pipe even before the delivery stroke is
commenced. This results in making the actual discharge more than the theoretical discharge.
Md. Tarek Ur Rahman Erin
Assistant Professor (Mechanical)
CTEC.
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Assignment 2
on
Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering (Practical); IPE
204
Student Name :
Roll No. :Z- Department :
Batch : Date :
Q.1. Determine the operational characteristics of two centrifugal pumps when they are 5
configured as a single pump, two pumps in series, and two pumps in parallel.
Md. Tarek Ur Rahman Erin
Assistant Professor (Mechanical)
CTEC.
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Q.2. Explain why cavitation occurs & ways to treat it. 5
Md. Tarek Ur Rahman Erin
Assistant Professor (Mechanical)
CTEC.
