S.Y.B.A.

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(17) Psychology
G. II Social Psychology
S I Developmental Psychology
OR
Educational Psychology
OR
Psychological Testing
S II Abnormal Psychology
OR
Psychology of Adjustment
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Circular No. 197/1999

Revised Syllabus
for
Psychology : Social Psychology, General Paper G-2.
(From 1999-2000)
Objectives :
1. To get acquinted with basic concepts, theories and
Methodology of Social Psychology.
2. To help the students to know the three levels of social
behaviour.
3. To guide the students to understand the causes and
consequences of social behaviour.
4. To make aware about the multiple social problems
and the ways to resolve them.

Lectures (12)
Chapter—1 : Nature, Scope and Methods of Social
Psychology
2. 1.1 Social psychology : Definition, Nature and
Subject Matter of Social Psychology, Three levels
of Social behaviour.
2. 1.2 Relationship of Social Psychology with General
Psychology, Sociology and Anthropology.
5. 1.3 Methods of studying social psychology :
(A) Experimental Methods : (i) Laboratory
Experiments, (ii) Field Experiments,
(iii) Quasi Experiments.
(B) Field Methods : (i) Ex-post facto Field
Studies, (ii) Correlational studies,
(iii) Biographical Studies, (iv) Survey
Method.
 S.Y.B.A. / 136

3. 1.4 Tools for collecting information : (i) Observation,

(ii) Self report inventories, (iii) Unobstrusive
Measures, (iv) Sociometry, (v) Archival research.
Lectures (10)
Chapter—2 : Social Identity : Self and Gender
2. 2.1 The Self : The concept of one’s identity :
(A) Self concept (B) Self esteem.
2. 2.2. Additional aspects of self functioning :
(A) Self Focusing (B) Self Monitoring.
(C) Self efficacy : Locus of control, learned
helplessness, collective efficancy.
2. 2.3 Gender : Maleness or Femaleness as a crucial
aspect of Identity.
2. 2.4 Self presentation : (A) False Modesty, (B) Self
handicapping, (C) Impression Management.
Lectures (10)
Chapter—3 : Social Cognition
3. 3.1 Schemas and Prototypes : Mental framework for
holding and using-social information.
2. 3.2 Heuristics : Mental shortcuts in social cognition.
3. 3.3 Potential sources of error in social cognition :
Why total rationality is scarcer than you think,
2. 3.4 Affect and cognition.
Lectures (12)
Chapter—4 : Attitudes, Prejudice and Stereotypes
3. 4.1 Attitudes : Definition, Nature and Dimentions.
3. 4.2 Attitude formation and Measurement.
4. 4.3 Theories of attitude change : Balance Theory,
Congruity theory and Cognitive dissonance theory.
2. 4.4 Prejudice and stereotypes.
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Lectures (12)
Chapter—5 : Communication
2. 5.1 Communication : Interpersonal communication,
Communication process.
6. 5.2 Non-Verbal Communication :
(a) Performance Codes : Voice, face, hands and
body.
(b) Artificial Codes : Clothing, furnishing and
architecture.
(c) Mediatory Codes : use of Media, graphs,
audio tapes.
(d) Spacio - Temporal Codes : use of tine and
space.
(e) Syncronization of verbal and non-verbal
cues.
4. 5.3 Communication skills :
(a) Healthy and Ungealthy communication.
(b) Presentation, Interview and Discussion skills.
Lectures (12)
Chapter—6 : Close Relationships
2. 6.1 Friendship : Establishing relationship within and
beyond family. Lonelyness : Life without a close
relationship.
3. 6.2 Love : Meaning of love, varieties of Love,
Theories of love.
3. 6.3 Maintaining close relationships, Attachment,
Marital attachment and happiness, relationship
rewards, Equity and self disclosure.
2. 6.4 Ending relationships : (i) Divorces, (ii) Detachment
process.
 S.Y.B.A. / 138

2. 6.5 Altruism : Helping others :

Why do we help ?
When will we help ?
Whom do we help ?
How can we increase helping behaviour.
Lectures (12)
Chapter—7 : Social Influence
2. 7.1 Social Influence : Definition and nature.
3 7.2 Conformity :
(a) Factors affecting conformity : (i) Cohesi-
veness, (ii) Group size and (iii) Social
support.
(b) The bases of conformity : Minority and
Majority influence
4. 7.3 Cimpliance :
(a) Basic Principles : (i) Friendship/Liking,
(ii) Commitment, (iii) Scarcity,
(iv) Reciprocity, (v) Social validation,
(vi) Authority.
(b) Two steps to compliance :
(i) The Foot-In the Door Technique,
(ii) Door In the face.
3. 7.4 Obedience :
(a) Social influence by demand.
(b) Obedience to Authority.
(c) Personality and obedience : who resists and
who obeys.
Lectures (12)
Chapter—8 : Group Processes and Leadership
2. 8.1 Groups : Nature and functions
(a) Nature-Group functions.
(b) Functions - Roles, status, norms and
cohesiveness.
 S.Y.B.A. / 139

4. 8.2 (a) Groups and task performance. The benefits

and costs of working with others.
(b) Decision Making by groups.
(i) The decision Making process.
(ii) Nature of group decisions.
(iii) Potential dangers of group decision
making.
4. 8.3 (a) Leadership : Nature and definition of leader
and Leadership.
(b) Types and functions of leaders :
(i) Functions, (ii) Types of leaders,
(iii) Characterstics of the leader.
2. 8.4 Gender differences in Leadership.

Lectures (10)
Chapter—9 : Aggression : Nature, Causes and
Control
3. 9.1 Nature and theoretical perspectives on aggression.
(a) Instinct theory, (b) Biological Theory,
(c) Drive theory, (d) Social learning theory,
(e) Cognitive theory.
1. 9.2 Child abuse and work place voilence.
3. 9.3 Influences on aggression :
(a) Aversive incidents (b) Arousal, (c) The
Media, (d) Pornography and Sexual voilence,
(e) Television.
3. 9.4 Reducing aggression : (a) Punishment,
(b) Catharsis, (c) Cognitive interventions, (d) Other
techniques-Exposure to non-aggressive models,
training in Social skills, Incompatible responses.
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Lectures (10)
Chapter—10 : Social Psychology in action : Other
Applications
2. 10.1 Health Psychology : Stress and illness, coping
with stress, Responding to health problems.
2. 10.2 Environmental Psychology :
(a) Environmental Factors affecting human
behaviour.
(b) Human behaviour affecting the environment.
2. 10.3 Law and justice
(a) Social psychological factors in courtroom—
(i) The defendent, (ii) The judge.
(b) The eye witness in social psychological
context.
1. 10.4 Social aspects related to corruption.
3. 10.5 Media and Social problems : Crime, delinquency,
Dowery, Violence, Child abuse, Sexual
harrashment.
List of Books — Test Books
1. Barron, Robert A. and Byrne, Donn : ‘‘Social
Psychology’’ Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., New
Delhi, Ed-8th, 1998.
2. Myers David G. : ‘‘Social Psychology’’—The McGraw
Hill Companies Inc., Ed-5th, 1996.
Reference Books—Books for Reading
1. Lindgren, Henry Clay : ‘‘An Introduction to Social
Psychology’’ Wiely Estern Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Mistra, grishwar : ‘‘Applied Social Psychology in
India’’ : Sage Publication, New Delhi-1990.
3. NÿçåubŒõb œv£ÂNzÿÆ‹Ì : Ìçªçu\Nÿ ªçŒÌÆçËÞ.
 S.Y.B.A. / 141

S.Y.B.A. Psychology : Developmental Psychology,

Special Paper S : 1.
Objectives :
To acquaint the students with :
1. Developmental processes in human beings.
2. Basic concepts of developmental process.
3. Various hazards occuring during the various
developmental stages.
4. Various adjustment skills during the life span.
No. of Lectures (10)
Chapter—1 : Growth and Development
2. 1.1 Meaning of developmental changes.
3. 1.2 Significant facts about development.
3. 1.3 Life span; Conditions influencing longevity.
2. 1.4 Happiness and happiness during life span.
Lectures (10)
Chapter—2 : The Prenatal Period
2. 2.1 Characteristics of prenatal period. How life
begins ?
3. 2.2 Importance of conception, Period of prenatal
development.
3. 2.3 Attitudes of significant people.
2. 2.4 Hazards during prenatal period.
Lectures (12)
Chapter—3 : Infancy
3. 3.1 Characteristics of Infancy; Major adjustments of
infancy.
3.2 Factors influencing adjustment to postnatal period.
3.3 Characteristics of Infant.
3.4 Hazards in Infancy.
 S.Y.B.A. / 142

No. of Lectures (12)

Chapter—4 : Babyhood
3. 4.1 Characteristics of babyhood, physical
development and functions, Muscle control,
speech development.
3. 4.2 Emotional behaviour in babyhood, Beginning of
interest in paly.
4. 4.3 Development of understanding family
relationship, personality in babyhood.
2. 4.4 Hazards in babyhood.
No. of Lectures (12)
Chapter—5 : Childhood
3. 5.1 Characteristics and developmental tasks of early
childhood, Physical development; Physiological
habi.
3. 5.2 Development of understanding, Moral
development personality development, Common
interests.
3. 5.3 Late childhood : Characteristics, Emotional and
social development; Play interests and activities.
3. 5.4 Hazards in early and late childhood.
No. of Lectures (10)
Chapter—6 : Puberty
3. 6.1 Characteristics of puberty, Criteria of Puberty.
Causes and age of puberty.
2. 6.2 The Puberty growth spurt.
3. 6.3 Body changes in puberty, source and concerns
in puberty.
2. 6.4 Hazards in puberty.
 S.Y.B.A. / 143

No. of Lectures (12)

Chapter—7 : Adolesence
3. 7.1 Characteristics of Adolesence; Developmental
tasks of Adolesence; Physical changes in
Adolesence.
3. 7.2 Social changes during Adolesence, Adolesent
interests.
4. 7.3 Changes in Morality, Sex interests and behaviour,
family relationship during adolesence.
2. 7.4 Hazaards in Adolesence.
No. of Lectures (12)
Chapters—8 : Early Adulthood
3. 8.1 Personality and social development,
characteristics of early Adulthood, Developmental
tasks of early Adulthood.
4. 8.2 Changes in interests : Recreation in early
adulthood, social interests, Objectives, Mobility;
sex role adjustment, personal and social hazards
in early adulthood.
3. 8.3 Vocational and family adjustment, marital
adjustment, Adjustment to parenthood,
Assessment of marital adjustment.
2. 8.4 Hazards of vocational and Marital adjustment,
success of adjustment to adulthood.
No. of Lectures (12)
Chapter—9 : Middle Age
3. 9.1 Personal and social adjustment, Characteristics
of Middle age, Adjustment to physical, Mental
and interest changes.
2. 9.2 Social adjustment, Personal and social hazards in
Middle age.
 S.Y.B.A. / 144

4. 9.3 Family adjustment : Adjustment to changes and

family pattern; Adjustment to being single,
Adjustment to loss of spouse, Adjustment to
approaching old age.
3. 9.4 Vocational adjustment; vocational and marital
hazards in Middle age.
No. of Lectures (10)
Chapter—10 : Old Age
3. 10.1 Characteristics of old age, Adjustment to physical,
Motor and mental changes.
3. 10.2 Change in iterests, hazards in personal and social
adjustment.
3. 10.3 Adjustment to retirement, changes in Family life
in old age.
1. 10.4 Role of ‘Homes for Old Age’.
Books for reading
1. Hurlock, Elizabeth : Developmental Psychology.
2. Borude, R. R., Desai, B. H. Kumthekar, Medha and
Golwikar, Sheela : <<Ä{NÿçuÌNÿ ªçŒÌÆçËÞ>>, œìmz uÄùçsy|
TwÒ ŸNÿçƌ, œìmz.
3. Janai, S. G. : <<Ä{NÿçuÌNÿ ªçŒÌÆçËÞ>>Phadake book
Suppliers, Kolhapur.
Reference Books
1. Chaube, S. P. and Agarwal, L. N. : Developmental
Psychology.
2. Gorden, Human Development.
3. Liehart, Poules : Developmental Psychology, Prentice
Hall Publication of India.
4. P. Kano ; Human Developmental Psychology, McGraw
Hill.
 S.Y.B.A. / 145

5. Papalia, Diame, Salley Wendkosolds, Tata McGraw

Hill, New Delhi.
6. Hurlock, Elizabeth, Child Growth and Development
(TMH).
7. Kale, Premala : ¤çªçŒÌÆçËÞ.
8. §b, Tçzć|Œ : uÄNÿçÌ ªŒçzuÄrçŒ, §çT 1 Ä 2, §çºo ̺Nÿçº
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EçTÀç.
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Psychology Special I
S1 (Optional)
Course : Educational Psychology :
To develop understanding and appreciation of
Objectives (1) The Psychological basis of education.
(2) The behavioural and educational problems
of students.
No. of Lectures (12)
(1) Educational Psychology-Nature and Scope
2. 1.1 Definition : Meaning of educational Psychology.
3. 1.2 Nature of educational Psychology.
2. 1.3 Scope and contents of educational Psychology.
1. 1.4 Aims and utility of educational Psychology.
4. 1.5 Methods of educational Psychology; case study
method, observation method, methods for
correlating variables-correlation and experimen-
tation, survey method.
No. of Lectures (14)
(2) Growth and development of the learner
2. 2.1 Meaning and principles of growth and
development, difference between growth and
development. Importance of studying growth and
development.
2. 2.2 Stages of development.
2. 2.3 Influence of heredity and environment, maturation
and learning.
5. 2.4 Physical growth, emotional development
cognitive development, Social and Moral
developments, adolescence development,
development of self-concept.
3. 2.5 Educational significance of all types of
development and duty and responsibility of the
school and teachers.
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No. of Lectures (9)

(3) Individual differences
1. 3.1 Meaning and nature.
3. 3.2 Causes of individual differences in intelligence
and educational provisions-general and special.
3. 3.3 Provisions for socially disadvantaged, measure-
ment of individual differences in intelligence
attitudes, interests and creativity.
2. 3.4 Educational implications of measurement of
individual differences.
No. of Lectures (10)
(4) Motivation of the learner
2. 4.1 The nature and importance of motivation.
3. 4.2 Concepts related to motivation interest, need,
values, attitudes, aspiration, incentive,
reinforcement, goals, perseverance.
1. 4.3 Motivation and achievement.
2. 4.4 Motivational techniques in teaching.
2. 4.5 Social influences on motivation-Social climate
of the schools and classrooms and social power
of the individuals.
No. of Lectures (11)
(5) Teaching learning process
3. 5.1 Meaning and nature of learning, learning as
modification of behaviour, learning conditions.
2. 5.2 Skill learning, concept learning and problem
solving.
3. 5.3 Learning and modification of attitudes and values,
learning as information processing.
3. 5.4 Remembering and forgetting improvement of for-
getting and developing good study habits.
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No. of Lectures (8)

(6) Transfer and improvement of learning
2. 6.1 Concept of transfer.
2. 6.2 Traditional and contemporary views of transfer.
2. 6.3 Teaching of transfer substantive and procedural.
2. 6.4 Conditions for attaining maximum transfer.
No. of Lectures (13)
(7) Teacher effectiveness/classroom teaching
3. 7.1 Teacher effectiveness; determinants characteri-
stics of effective teachers.
3. 7.2 The teacher as a leader and facilitator of learning,
head teacher and effectiveness of the school.
2. 7.3 Classroom teaching : Planning and management.
3. 7.4 Concept of mental health and mental hygiene,
factors affecting adjustment at home and school.
2. 7.5 Teachers role in adjustment of the students.
No. of Lectures (12)
(8) Modern methods of teaching
2. 8.1 Instructional strategies : Teacher centred and pupil
centred approach.
3. 8.2 Lecturing and explaining.
2. 8.3 Teaching small groups.
5. 8.4 Individual instruction : Objectives, mastery
learning, programmed instruction, Computer
assisted instruction.
No. of Lectures (9)
(9) Student evaluation
2. 9.1 Purpose of student evaluation.
4. 9.2 Evaluation strategies.
3. 9.3 Achievement tests.
2. 9.4 Grading and evaluating.
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No. of Lectures (14)

(10) Educational technology and role of media
4. 10.1 Teaching aids : General advantages, broad
classification, hardware and software in teaching
aids, multimedia and instructional development.
2. 10.2 Systems approach.
3. 10.3 Reprographic equipment, chalkboard, non-
projected and projected aids.
1. 10.4 Direct experiences.
4. 10.5 Aural aids educational broadcasts, radio, T.V.
satelite communication etc.
Books for Reading
1. Educational Psychology—Gage and Berliner (1984),
Houghton Mifflin Company Boston (Third Ed.).
2. Educational Psychology—Dash Murlidhar (1988),
Deep and Deep Publications.
Books for Reference
1. Educational Psychology—Slavin R. E. (1991, etd Ed.).
Allyn and Bacon.
2. Introduction to Educational Technology—Sampath, K.
Paneerselvam, A. and Santhanam, S. (1994) Sterling
Publishers Private Ltd.
3. Educational Psychology—Kakkar S. B. (1993),
Prentice Hall of India.
4. Educational Psychology—Bhatt, B. D. and Sharma, S.
R. (1993) Kanishka Publishing House.
5. Media and Education—Sharma, B. M. (1994)
Commonwealth Publishers.
 S.Y.B.A. / 150

Circular No. 197/1999

Psychological Testing, Spl. Paper S : 1
Objectives :
To acquaint the Students with—
1. Basic Concepts in Psychological Testing-Construction.
Interpretation and Reporting.
2. The application of Various Psycholigical Tests in
Divers fields.
3. Various types of Psychological Tests.
No. of Lectures (10)
Chapter—1 : Principles of Psychological Tests.
2. 1.1 Definition of Psychological Test.
2. 1.2 Brief history of the origin of Psychological Tests.
4. 1.3 Types of Psychological Tests.
2. 1.4 Uses of Psychological Tests.
No. of Lectures (12)
Chapter—2 : Basic concepts in Measurement and
Statistics.
2. 2.1 Concept of Psychological Measurement.
4. 2.2 Evaluating Psychological Tests :
(I) Standardization, (II) Reliability, (III) Validity,
(IV) Norms.
2. 2.3 Test administration : Basic Rules and Methods.
4. 2.4 Statistical Concepts : Central Tendecy, Variability,
Correlation, Prediction, Percentik Ranks.
No. of Lectures (10)
Chapter—3 : Norms and Interpretation of Test Scores.
2. 3.1 Developmental norms.
3. 3.2 Within Group norms.
3. 3.3 Relativity of norms.
2. 3.4 Use of Computer in the interpretation of Test
scores.
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No. of Lectures (12)

Chapter—4 : Reliability
2. 4.1 General Model of reliability and the concept of
true score.
4. 4.2 Simple Methods of estimating reliability :
(I) Test-Retest Method. (II) Alternate / Parallel
forms. (III) Administrator and scorer reliability,
(IV) Internal Consistency methods : (a) Split-
Half, (b) Kuder-Richardson, (c) Cronbach Alpha.
4. 4.3 Reliability estimates and Measurement error.
2. 4.4 The Generalizability of test scores.
No. of Lectures (12)
Chapter—5 : Validity
5. 5.1 Types of Validity—
(I) Content velated validity.
(II) Criterian related validity :
(a) Concurrent, (b) Predictive.
(III) Construct related validity.
4. 5.2 Assessment of validity.
2. 5.3 Inaterpreting validity coefficients.
No. of Lectures (12)
Chapter—6 : Ability Testing
4. 6.1 Individual Intelligence Tests —
(I) Standford-Prief Intelligence Test.
(II) The Weschler Scales for Children and
Adults.
4. 6.2 Group Intelligence Tests —
(I) Ravan’s Progressive Matrices.
(II) Cattel’s Culture fare Test.
 S.Y.B.A. / 152

2. 6.3 Aptitude Tests : (I) DAT (General Aptitude Test

Battery), (II) Specific Aptitude Tests.
2. 6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of group Tests.

No. of Lectures (10)

Chapter—7 : Educational Testing
2. 7.1 Types of educational evaluation.
3. 7.2 Standardized tests in educational Assessment :
(I) Achievement Tests.
(II) Diagnostic Tests.
3. 7.3 Tests of Minimum competency and basic skills.
2. 7.4 Teacher made tests in educational Assessment.

No. of Lectures (12)

Chapter—8 : Personality and other related tests
4. 8.1 Objective Personality Tests—
(I) Omnibus Personality Tests-EPQR, NEO-
PIR.
(II) Specific trait personality Tests.
(III) Problems in Personality Measurement by
Paper Pencil Tests.
4. 8.2 Projective Tests of Personality—
(I) Rorschah INk-Block Test.
(II) TAT.
(III) Sentence completion Test (Mukharji).
4. 8.3 Other Personality related Tests—
(I) Interest : Strong Interest Vocational Blank.
(II) Values : Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Test.
(III) Attitude Tests.
(IV) Motivation-Edward Personality preference
schedule.
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No. of Lectures (12)

Chapter—9 : Industrial and Occupational Testing
2. 9.1 Personal and Managerial Tests.
3. 9.2 Uses of Psychological Tests in Personnel and
Managerial Selection.
3. 9.3 General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB).
4. 9.4 Testing in Profession—
(I) General Issues, (II) Adaptive (Tailor Made),
(III) Banking Personal Selection in India through
tests.
No. of Lectures (10)
Chapter—10 : Clinical Tests
2. 10.1 Diagnostic uses of Psychological Tests.
2. 10.2 Minnesota Multiphasic Persmality Inventory
(MMPI).
2. 10.3 Neuropsychological Tests.
2. 10.4 Identifying specific learning disatrity.
2. 10.5 Behavioural Assessment.
Books for Reading
1. Murphy, Kevin R. and David Shofer, Charles O:
Psychological Testing—Principals and Applications
(1988) Prentice Hall International Inc.
2. Anastasi, Anne : Psychological Testing 7th Edn.,
Macmillan Company, New York.
3. Kaplan—Psychological Testing.
Reference Books
1. Freeman Frank, S : Theories and Practice of
Psychological Tests (3rd Edn.), Oxford and IBH
Publishing Company, New Delhi.
2. Cronbach Lee J. ‘Essentional of Psychological Testing
: 4th Edn. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
3. Dandekar W. N. ‘Psychological Testing and
Assessment.’
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Psychology (Special Level) Paper II

Psychology : Abnormal Psychology,
Special Paper S : 2.

Objectives :
1. To acquaint the students with the concept of
Maladjusted behaviour and the current classification
of abnormality with special reference to ICD–10 and
DSM–IV.
2. To help the students to acquire knowledge about the
symtoms of the various types of psychological
discorders.
3. To expose the students about the various psychological
methods of prevention and treatment of psychological
discorders.

Lectures (10) Chapter—1 : Understanding Abnormality

(2) 1.1 Defining ‘Abnormal’ behaviour.
(2) 1.2 Brief Historical views of Abnormal Behaviour.
(2) 1.3 Historical Review of DSM—I, II and III.
(2) 1.4 Clinical Assessment.
(2) 1.5 Assessment and classification systems of
Abnormal Behaviour, with special reference to
DSM—IV AND ICD—10.

Lectures (12) Chapter—2 : Theoretical Perspectives

of Abnormal Behaviour
(2) 2.1 Biological perspective.
(2) 2.2 Psychodynamic perspective.
 S.Y.B.A. / 155

(3) 2.3 Behavioural and Cognitive Perspective.

(2) 2.4 Humanistic—Existential Perspective.
(3) 2.5 Synthesis Stress Model, Biopsychosocial Model.
Lectures (1) Chapter—3 : Anxiety Disorders.
(2) 3.1 Generalized Anxiety disorder and Panic disorders.
(2) 3.2 Phobias.
(2) 3.3 Obsessive—Compulsive Disorders.
(2) 3.4 Perspectives of Anxiety Disorders.
(2) 3.5 Statement of Anxiety Disorders.
Lectures (12) Chapter—4 : Dissociative, Somatoform
and Psychophysiological Disorders
(2) 4.1 Dissociative Disorders.
(2) 4.2 Somatoform Disorders.
(2) 4.3 Fictitious disorders and malingering.
(2) 4.4 Stress : Nature, sources Manifestations and coping
skills.
(3) 4.5 Psychophysiological disorders : Headaches,
cardiovascular disorders, Asthma, Cancer.
(1) 4.6 Behavioural Medicine and health psychology.
Lectures (12) Chapter—5 : Personality Disorders
(2) 5.1 Classifying Personality Disorders.
(3) 5.2 Odd or Eccentric Behaviour, Paranoid, Schizoid
and Schizotypal Personality Disorders.
(3) 5.3 Dramatic, Emotional or Erratic Behaviours :
Histrionic, Narcisistic, Borderline and Antisocial
personality Disorders.
(3) 5.4 Anxious or Fearful Behaviours : Avoidant,
Dependent, Obsessive — Compulsive and
Passive—Agressive Personality Disorders.
(1) 5.5 Treatment of Personality Disorders.
 S.Y.B.A. / 156

Lectures (12) Chapter—6 : Schizophrenia

(2) 6.1 Phases and Symptoms of Schizophrenia.
(3) 6.2 Types of Schizophrenia : Catatonic, Disorganized,
Paranoid, undifferentiated and Residual.
(2) 6.3 Perspectives of Schizophrenia.
(3) 6.4 Treatment of Schizophrenia : family Therapy and
Behaviour Therapy.
(2) 6.5 Paranoid Disorders (Delusional Disorders).

Lectures (12) Chapter—7 : Mood Disorders

(2) 7.1 General Characteristics of Mood Disorders.
(3) 7.2 Depressive Disorders : Major Dipressive disorders
and Dysthymic disorders.
(2) 7.3 Suicide and parasuicide.
(2) 7.4 Bipolar Disorders and cyclothymic Disorders.
(3) 7.5 Psychodynamic, Behavioural and Cognitive
perspectives and Therapies.
Lectures (10) Chapter—8 : Addictive Disorders
(3) 8.1 Alcohol : Abuse and Dependence, Alcohol &
Health.
(2) 8.2 Perspectives of Alcohol Abuse.
(2) 8.3 Treatment and Prevention.
(3) 8.4 Drug Abuse and Dependence : General
Treatment.
Lectures (10) Chapter—9 : Sexual Disorders
(3) 9.1 Abnormal Sexual Behaviour.
(2) Paraphylias.
(3) 9.3 Gender Identity Disorders.
(2) 9.4 Sexual Dysfunctions.
Lectures (12) Chapter—10 : Disorder of Childhood,
Adolesence and Old Age

(3) 10.1 Mental Retardation (MR)—Nature, Clinical types

and causes.
(3) 10.2 Levels of Mental Retardation : Mild, Moderate,
Severe and Profound.
(2) 10.3 Conduct Disorders, Emotional Disorders and
Attention Deficite Hyper Activity Disorders.
(2) 10.4 Therapies for childhood Disorders : Play therapy,
Cognitive therapy, Behavioural and family
therapy.
(2) 10.5 Dementias : Nature and Types.

Important Note :
1. While teaching this course the teacher should acquaint
the students with older terminologies (DSM–II).
2. Atleast one compulsory Field Visit in a academic year
to any of the following institutes followed by its report.
A short question may be set on Field Visit report for
the Annual Examination.
1. Mental Hospitals (Pvt. and Govt.) in Maharashtra.
2. Schools of Mentally Retarded.
3. Deadiction centres.
4. Vipasyana Kendra—Igatpuri.
5. Yoga Institute—Kaivalyadham (Lonawala).
6. Balvikas Kendras etc.
 S.Y.B.A. / 158

Books for Reading

1. Sarason, Irwin G. and Sarason, Barbara R.: Abnormal

Psychology—The Problem of Maladaptive Behaviour,
Edn.—7th (1993) Prentice Hall International Ltd.
2. Halgin, Richard P. and Whitebourne, Susan K.:
Abnormal Psychology : The Human Experience of
Psycholigical disorders. (1997) Broun and Benehmark
Publishers.

Reference Books

1. Bootzin, Richard R; Acocella, Joan Ross; Alloy, Lauren

B.: Abnormal Psychology : Current Perpectives (1993)
McGraw Hill Inc.
2. Kendell, R. E. and Zealley, A. K. (Editor): Companion
to Psychiatric Studies, Edn. 5th (1995) Churchill
Livingstone.
3. Carson, Robert C. and Butecher, James N.: Abnormal
Psychology and Modern Life—9th Edn., Harper
Collins.
4. The ICD—10—Classification of Mental and Behaviour
Disorders, Published by WHO (1992).
5. Colman, James C.:Abnormal Psychology and Modern
life, 5th Edn., Taraporwala.
6. DSM—IV—Mannual, Abridged.
 S.Y.B.A. / 159

OR
Psychology Special Level : Paper II
Psychology of Adjustment (S-II)
Specification of the syllabus into units and approx.
number of lectures required per unit with loading of marks.
Topic and Unit :
Topic I : Ways of Viewing Man :
1.1 The problem of man’s basic nature, good or evil,
rational or irrational, free or determined.
1.2 Psychological “Models” of Man : Some salient
characteristics of Psychology as a science, Psycho-
analytic man; Behaviouristic man; Humanistic and
Existential man.
1.3 Man as living system : General properties of living
system; Special characteristics of the human system
changes in the system with time.
Topic II : Healthy Development :
2.1 Variations in development : Nature of developmental
variations; problem of defining healthy development.
2.2 Early conditions fostering healthy development :
Infant and child care; love and acceptance; stimulating
and responsive environment; structure and guidance;
success and recognition; Early detection and
correction of defects.
Topic III : Motivation : Human Needs and Goals :
3.1 Ways of viewing motivation : What motivation helps
to explain directionality and activation of behaviour,
similarities and differences in basic human strivings;
motivational models-primary and secondary motives,
motivation as tension reduction, push and pull modes,
electic view.
 S.Y.B.A. / 160

3.2 Strivings toward maintenance and actualization;

Biological maintenance-visceral needs to include
hunger, Thirst, sleep, warmth and cold, safety,
stimulations and activity, sex, psychological
maintenance-curiosity, order and meaning, adequacy-
competence-security, love and affiliation, belonging
and approval, self esteem and worth values-goals plans-
hope, Forms of actualizations striving-findings
increased satisfactions, enhancing self worth
developing and using potentials, building rich linkages
with the world, becoming a person.
3.3 Motive Patterns and Behaviour : Social forces in
motivation-goals and means, social inhibition and
facilitation of motives, needs of other; Hierarchy of
motives relative strength under deprivation, deficiency
versus growth motivation; Motives and other
psychological processes to include motivational
selectivity and levels of awareness, changes in motives
pattern-short and long term.

Topic IV : Problems of Adjustment (Stress)

4.1 Types and sources of Stress : Frustration-sources of
frustration, common frustrations in our culture
(differences between Western and Indian culture should
be pointed out) to include delays, lack of resources,
losses, failure, meaninglessness; Conflict-Types of
conflict e.g. approach avoidant, double approach-
avoidant, common conflicts in our society (consider
Indian situations also) to include self-direction versus
outer-directions, commitment vs. non-involvement,
 S.Y.B.A. / 161

avoiding vs. facing reality, integrity vs. self-advantage,

sexual desires vs. restraints; Pressure-sources of
pressure, common pressures in our society (keep in
view the Indian situation) to include presure for
competitive achievement, sustained concentration of
effort, complity and rapid change, pressures from
family and other relatives.
4.2 Severity of Stress : Characteristics of adjustive demands
Importance, duration and multiplicity of demands
strength of conflicting forces, unfamiliarity and
suddenness of the problem, presence of a threat;
Characteristic of the individuals-degree of competence,
perception of the problem stress tolerance; External
resources and supports.
4.3 Other key aspects of stress : Stress patterns are unique
and changing, is stress patterns may be unconscious
adaptation to stress is expensive.

Topic V : Reactions to Adjustive Demands :

5.1 Intorduction to adjustive behaviour : some general
principles of adjustive behaviour-Reactions to stress are
holistic, economical, automotive or planned, emotion
arousing with levels of adjustive action. Reactions are
shaped by inner and outer determinants-Inner including
frame of reference, motive patterns, competencies, stress
tolerance and monentary conditions, outer determinants
include environmental resources, social supports, social
expectations, demand and constraints, Life situation of
the individual, usual events.
 S.Y.B.A. / 162

5.2 Processing adjustive demands : Appraising the stress

situation; Deciding a course of action-formulation
alternative courses of action, balancing probability,
desirability and cost, sources of error in calculations;
Taking action and using feedback.
5.3 Types of psychological adjustive reactions : Task-
oriented reactions - attack, withdrwal, compromise.
Defence oriented reaction- “Wired-in” reperative
mechanisms to include crying, talking it out, laughing
it off, thinking it through, leaning on others, ego-defence
mechanisms to include denial, repression, regression,
escaprism, phantasy, rationalization, projection,
reaction formation, identification, introjection,
emotional insulation, intellectualization, compensation,
displacement, undoing, acting out, drug addiction,
Decompensation under excessive stress-Alarm and
molization, resistance, disorganization and exhaustion.

Topic VI : Individual in the Groups :

6.1 Group individual interaction-Individual as a leader :
function of the leader, qualities of the leader, types or
styles of leadership, influence of leaders. Effects of
group membership on the individual : satisfactions-
frustrations-personal growth, in-group and out-group
attitudes, social facilitation, distortion of perception
and judgment, problem of conformity pressures-
techniques for including conformity, confirmity-
independence and personal integrity, society’s need
for deviation.
 S.Y.B.A. / 163

6.2 Interpersonal relationship : Interpersonal goals :

Interpersonal perceptions and attraction, Interpersonal
accommodation-its factors.

Topic VII :

7.1 Premarital and Marital Adjustment changing premarital

patterns : (Situating prevailing in India be emphasized)
sex roles and relationships before marriage-convergence
of sex roles, premissive sex-attitude, problems in
premarital adjustment; Expectations of marriage;
Reasons for marriage, why some people never marry,
changing standards for assessing marital success.
Selecting a mate : Quest for romance - love, key factors
in mate selection-propinqity homogamy,
complementary needs, bargaining power, predicting
marital success.

7.2 Marital relationships and adjustment : Marital styles

and interactions. Advent of children-reasons for having
children, shift in adult roles children and marital
stability factors in good marital adjustment; premarital
background factors- family background, social class-
religion, race, age at the time of marriage, personality
factors, sexual adjustment; Roles and mutual
accommodation-marital roles, communication, coping
patterns, environmental resources-limitations and
demands.

7.3 Marital unhappiness and discord (Divorce) : Causes of

divorce, Effects of divorce, problem of remarriage-
their reason and success.
 S.Y.B.A. / 164

Topic VIII : Personal Growth through Planned Group

Experience :
8.1 Intensive group experience : Sensitivity training-groups
format and goals, group process; Encounter groups-
format and goals, group process, events in encounter
groups, marathon encounter group; Effects of intensive
group experience-outcomes, issues and potential.
8.2 Psychological Counselling : Psychological assessment-
types of assessment information, methods of
assessment, evaluation and integration of assessment
data; Counselling process-directive councelling, non-
directive councelling, stages in councelling.
8.3 Psycho-Therapy : Personnel in psychotherapy; setting
goals; major systematic approaches to psychotheraphy-
psychoanalytic theraphy, client-centered therarpy,
existential psychotherapy, congnitive change therapy,
behaviour therapy; Group Psychotherapy - its format,
process and effectiveness.
Topic IX : Towards Personal Effectiveness and Growth :
9.1 Intellectual competence : Learning-the learner with his
past experience and resources, his motivation, frame of
reference and personal maturity and adjustment. The task-
its type, size-complexity-familiarity clarity and
environment, procedure, Feedback, solving problems and
Making decisions-common difficulties in defining and
evaluating problems, oversimplification in thinking, some
aids in problems solving; some aids in decision making
minimizing the effects of faulty decisions; Creative
thinking-its process, characteristics of creative people,
facilitating creativity.
 S.Y.B.A. / 165

9.2 Emotional Competence : Components of emotional

competence-Patterns of emotional experience,
expression and control; understanding and functioning
with emotion; fostering constructive emotions; Dealing
with problem emotions-Fear, anxiety and worry, anger
and hostility, guilt-depression and grief love.

Topic X : Social Competence and Value Orientation :

10.1 Foundations of good interpersonal relationships :

recognition of mutual purposes, rights and responsibi-
lities; realistic view of self and other adequates structure
and communication; factors in satisfactory interpersonal
accommodation.

10.2 Improving social competence : Helping to meet the

needs of others; maintaining ones own integrity, being
sensitive to the requirements of the situation, learning
to communicate more effectively.

10.3 Quest for values : Assumptions about values-value

orientations, sources of values, criteria of a sound value
system.

10.4 Value and becoming : Continuing personal growth-

trusting our own process of valuing, becoming an
authentic person, building a favourable life world.

10.5 Values and future of man : Inventing a “good” future

for man, tentative value orientation.
 Text Books

( 1 ) Psychology and effective behaviour—Coleman

(Taraporewala)
(2) ̪ç®çz\Œ ªŒçzuÄrçŒ - Ìîoyºyª \ç®ÌÄç (§çT|Ä ¤ìNÿ ÒçGÌ,
EçTÀç 2).
Reference Books

( 1 ) Patterns of Adjustment—Lazarus, Mc Graw Hill

( 2 ) Personality Development—Smith, Mc Graw Hill
( 3 ) Psychology of Adjustment—Swarcy, Telbord Allyn,
Bacan
( 4 ) Changing Human Behaviour—Schwitzegebel, McGraw
Hill.