Student Book answers B17 Summary questions
Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1ai any three from: 3 Accept any other sensible points.
building homes
building shops
building roads
farming
quarries
waste disposal
1 a ii any three from: 3
homes to live
transport
farms – for food to feed the growing population
quarries for minerals for metals etc. and rocks for construction
waste disposal – to get rid of all the rubbish produced
1 a iii any two sensible suggestions, e.g., 4 Each suggestion gains 2 marks.
increase recycling so reduce amount of rubbish
reduce land lost for waste disposal
farm more efficiently so need less land
1b measure of the variety of all the different species of organisms on Earth 1
© Oxford University Press 2016 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 1
Student Book answers B17 Summary questions
Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1c high biodiversity is a good thing – gives stable ecosystems and reduces 1 Accept any other sensible points.
interspecies dependency
also helps maintain the structure of the environment e.g., the soil 1
important as sources of potential new foods and medicines, and useful 1
genes for genetic engineering etc.
if anything reduces biodiversity then ecosystems become less stable 1
and soil can be lost forever
species, often useful species, may become extinct 1
we may lose possible future sources of food and medicine before they 1
are discovered
2a flow chart should include: 5
cars/power stations burn fossil fuels → acidic gases (e.g., sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides) formed → gases carried in the winds in
atmosphere → sulfur acidic gases dissolve in rainwater and react with
oxygen to form dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid → acid rain falls
2bi 18 Tg 1
2 b ii as appropriate 1
2 b iii 4 Tg 1
2c emissions have fallen steadily 1
and levelled out at a greatly reduced level 1
2d award marks for well-drawn bar chart correctly labelled, showing 3
plateau or continued slow fall in emissions
points may include: 3 Any other valid point.
effectiveness of emission control measures proven
control measures more widely implemented
control measures tightened
technologies improve
© Oxford University Press 2016 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 2
Student Book answers B17 Summary questions
Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
3a plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis along with water to make 1
glucose, using light from the sun
the more plants grow and the faster they photosynthesise, the more 2
carbon dioxide they take out of the atmosphere
when growth slows down or the rate of photosynthesis drops when it is 2
colder, less carbon dioxide is removed from the air
3b the data shows that the amount of photosynthesis taking place affects 1
the levels of carbon dioxide in the air
deforestation destroys large areas of trees 1
that carry out a lot of photosynthesis 1
that means a lot less carbon dioxide will be removed into the plants, 1
so atmospheric carbon dioxide levels will increase 1
or maintaining the forests will reduce the amount of the greenhouse gas 1
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
3c more people 1 Accept any other sensible points.
more cars/burning fuel increasing levels of greenhouse gases, 1
more deforestation to provide land for building/farming so less 1
greenhouse gas removed from the atmosphere 1
more peat bog destroyed/burned releasing carbon dioxide 1
more rice and cattle grown releasing methane into atmosphere 1
© Oxford University Press 2016 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 3
Student Book answers B17 Summary questions
Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
3d greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the 1
atmosphere absorb some of the energy transferred as the Earth cools
down
keeping the Earth and its surrounding atmosphere at the ideal 1
temperature for life
this is the greenhouse effect 1
but if the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere builds up, in 1
theory the greenhouse effect will be stronger
less energy will be transferred back out to space and the temperature at 1
the surface of the earth will increase
a gradually increasing temperature at the surface of the earth 1
will affect the climate long term
3e any two from: 4
measured increase in temperature at the surface of the earth
increase in severe and unpredictable local weather events
measurable melting of the polar ice caps and glaciers
4ai sewage and fertilizers give increased nitrates 1
this causes increased plant growth, followed by more animals as plenty 1
of food
when plants and animals die decomposers use a lot of oxygen to break 1
them down
no longer enough oxygen in the water to support many forms of animal 1
life
so biodiversity reduced 1
4 a ii lowers the pH of land and water (ponds, lakes etc.) 1
more acidic soil means many plants cannot grow 1
more acidic water reduces organisms that can live in it 1
both reduce biodiversity
© Oxford University Press 2016 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 4
Student Book answers B17 Summary questions
Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
4 a iii deforestation removes huge variety of plants of all sizes growing in an 1
area
reduction in plant biodiversity means food for many different species of 1
other organisms has been removed
so animal biodiversity falls as well 1
4bi these can help preserve rare species 1
until their habitats can be protected 1
and it is safe for them to be released back into the wild 1
these can also be used to maintain numbers of a species that would 1
otherwise become extinct
4 b ii by protecting the habitat, the plants and animals that rely on it 1
for survival can also be protected 1
and biodiversity maintained 1
if a rare habitat is reclaimed, biodiversity can even be increased 1
4 b iii reduction of deforestation protects the biodiversity of the plant and 1
animal species that live within the forests
if carbon dioxide emissions are also reduced as a result, 1
this reduces the risk of global warming 1
and the loss of habitat that this can cause, also maintaining biodiversity 1
© Oxford University Press 2016 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 5
