Explorer AP380

Autopilot
Installation and Operation Manual

www.northstarnav.com
 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
Please read carefully before installation and use.

This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential

DANGER personal injury hazards, Obey all safety messages that follow this symbol to
avoid possible injury or death.
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
! WARNING could result in death or serious injury

CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,

! CAUTION could result in minor or moderate injury.

CAUTION CAUTION used without the safety alert symbol indicates a potentially
hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in property damage.

DISCLAIMER: It is the owner’s sole has been translated from, another language
responsibility to install and use the instrument (Translation). In the event of any conflict
and transducers in a manner that will not cause between any Translation of the Documentation,
accidents, personal injury or property damage. the English language version of the
The user of this product is solely responsible for Documentation will be the official version of the
observing safe boating practices. Documentation.
BRUNSWICK NEW TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND ITS This manual represents the Explorer AP380
SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES DISCLAIM ALL as at the time of printing. Brunswick New
LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS PRODUCT IN A Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries and
WAY THAT MAY CAUSE ACCIDENTS, DAMAGE OR affiliates reserve the right to make changes to
THAT MAY VIOLATE THE LAW. specifications without notice.
Governing Language: This statement, Copyright © 2006 Brunswick New Technologies
any instruction manuals, user guides and Inc. Northstar™ is a registered trademark of
other information relating to the product Brunswick New Technologies Inc.
(Documentation) may be translated to, or

FCC Statement
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a normal installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in
a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct
the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an output on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced technician for help.
A shielded cable must be used when connecting a peripheral to the serial ports.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 3

 Installation Contents
Important ................................................................................................................................................5

1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................6
1-1 A typical Explorer AP380 system installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1-2 Using the Explorer AP380 system with other instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Explorer AP380 system hardware ...........................................................................................................8
2-1 What comes with your Explorer AP380 system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2-2 Other parts required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 Installation ............................................................................................................................................9
3-1 Installation sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3-2 Installation guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3-3 Installing the MCU600 (Main Control Unit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3-4 Installing the power supplies and steering drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3-5 Installing the RFU (rudder feedback unit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3-6 Installing the Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
3-7 Installing the Gyro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
3-8 Installing the Explorer AP380 display unit and other instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
4 Dockside setup..................................................................................................................................... 27
4-1 Start dockside setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
4-2 Calibrating the rudder feedback unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
5 Sea trials.............................................................................................................................................. 28
5-1 Calibrating the compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
5-2 Aligning the compass and the rudder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Appendix A - Specifications - MCU600 ...................................................................................................... 29

Appendix B - Specifications - AP380 Display............................................................................................. 30

Appendix C - User data ............................................................................................................................ 31

Operation Section ..................................................................................................................................34

4 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 Important
It is the owner’s sole responsibility to install and use the instrument and transducer/s in a manner
that will not cause accidents, personal injury or property damage. The user of this product is solely
responsible for observing safe boating practices.
The choice, location, and installation of all components in any AP380 system is critical. If installation is
not correct, the unit can not perform at its designed potential. If in doubt, consult your Northstar dealer.
Ensure that any holes that cut are in a safe position and will not weaken the boat’s structure. If in doubt,
consult a qualified boat builder.
Using the Explorer AP380 system :
The Explorer AP380 system is intended as an aid to save a helmsman from having to steer for long
periods of time, not as the main means of steering the boat.
The Explorer AP380 system is not intended for use in extreme weather, in adverse conditions or in
water near other boats, dangerous waters or land.
The Explorer AP380 system can not control the boat better than a helmsman. In adverse conditions
steer the boat manually.
Never leave the helm unattended. Keep a watch at all times. The helmsman should always monitor
the course of the boat and the Explorer AP380 system and be ready to resume steering the boat
manually.
The performance of the Explorer AP380 system can be affected by the failure of a part,
environmental conditions, improper installation and use.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 5

 1 Introduction
Using this manual
This manual describes how to install and set up To verify that the Explorer AP380 system is
the Explorer AP380 system. Refer to the Explorer operating correctly, perform sea trials (see
AP380 Operation Section for information on how section 5).
to operate the Explorer AP380 display unit.
Cleaning and maintenance
To install a Explorer AP380 system, you must Clean the parts of the Explorer AP380 system with
perform installation, dockside setup and sea trials a damp cloth or mild detergent. Avoid abrasive
(see sections 3, 4 and 5). cleaners, petrol or other solvents.
To fully set up a Explorer AP380 system after Do not paint any part of the Explorer AP380
a part has been changed or if a problem is system except for the cables.
suspected, perform dockside setup and sea trials
again (see sections 4 and 5).

1-1 A typical Explorer AP380 system installation

Optional instruments
More WIND SPEED GPS
Display
display
unit
units NMEA

NavBus

MCU600
Manual helm Compass

Gyro

Light duty
Clutch drive
(optional) Heavy duty
Power switch or
12 V DC
switches and
Power supply
power protection
Steering
drive

Rudder Key
control Parts supplied with Explorer AP380 system
Other parts required
Optional parts

Note: Above shows typical installation

Rudder Rudder only. Please refer to the information
feedback supplied with your drive for further
unit information.

6 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

1-2 Using the Explorer AP380 system with other instruments
1-2-1 Using other instruments If you change the backlight in an instrument
The Explorer AP380 system can use data from in group 1, 2, 3 or 4 then the backlight
these instruments: will automatically change in the other
instruments in the same group. If you change
GPS: A GPS or chartplotter, such as a Northstar
the backlight in an instrument in group 0
Explorer 500 series chartplotter must be
then no other instruments are affected.
connected to the Explorer AP380 system for the
AP380 to operate in GPS mode (see the Explorer If an alarm sounds, mute it on any instrument
AP380 Operation Section). which can display that alarm.
Note: GPS must be via NMEA input. For more information, refer to the NavBus
Installation and Operation Manual.
WIND: A wind instrument, such as a
Note: GPS must be via NMEA input.
Northstar WIND series, must be connected
to the Explorer AP380 system for the AP380 NavBus and the Explorer AP380 system
to operate in WIND mode (see the Explorer The Explorer AP380 system will automatically
AP380 Operation Section). work with additional Explorer AP380 displays.
SPEED: A speed instrument, such as: The Explorer AP380 system can receive wind
Northstar’s SPEED with a paddlewheel data from Northstar’s WIND over NavBus.
speed sensor The Explorer AP380 system can receive speed
or a GPS or chartplotter, such as data from Northstar’s SPEED over NavBus.
Northstar’s Explorer 500 or Explorer 660
1-2-3 NMEA
series can be connected to the Explorer
AP380 system to increase steering NMEA is an industry standard, but is not as
accuracy. flexible as NavBus as it requires dedicated
connections between instruments. The Explorer
Note: The speed from a paddlewheel sensor is AP380 system has one NMEA input port and one
the speed that the boat is moving through the port that can be configured to be an input or an
water. The speed from a GPS is the speed over output (See Explorer AP380 Operation Section).
the ground. If there is a water current then these
two speeds will be different. If the Explorer AP380 Explorer AP380 system NMEA inputs
system is connected to an instrument with a GPS: The Explorer AP380 system can receive
paddlewheel sensor and to a GPS, then the NMEA GPS data from a compatible GPS or
Explorer AP380 system will automatically use the chartplotter, such as Northstar’s Explorer 500
speed from the paddlewheel sensor instrument. series chartplotter:
1-2-2 NavBus XTE (from APA, APB or XTE sentences) is
NavBus is a Northstar proprietary system that required for the Explorer AP380 system to use
allows systems of multiple instruments to be GPS mode
built using a single set of transducers. When BRG (from APA sentences) and BOD (from APA
instruments are connected by NavBus: or APB sentences) are optional and improve
If you change the units, alarms or calibration performance
in one instrument, then the values will COG (from VTG sentences) is optional and can
automatically change in all other instruments be displayed.
of the same type.
Each instrument can be assigned to a group
of instruments, called a NavBus group (see
NavBus group in the Setup > Comms menu, in
the Explorer AP380 Operation Section).

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 7

WIND: The Explorer AP380 system can receive Explorer AP380 system NMEA outputs
NMEA wind data from a compatible wind The NMEA 2 port can be configured to be an
instrument: input or to be output:
True or apparent wind direction (from MWV either heading (HDG & HDT) and rudder
sentences) is required for the Explorer AP380 angle (RSA) at once per second
system to use Wind mode.
or heading (HDG) at ten times per second
SPEED: The Explorer AP380 system can
receive NMEA speed data from a compatible (see NMEA mode in the Setup > Comms menu, See
paddlewheel or GPS instrument: Explorer AP380 Operation Section).
SOG (from VTG sentences) is optional and
improves performance.
Note: If the Explorer AP380 system is connected
to a Northstar series wind or speed instrument
using NavBus, then the Explorer AP380 system will
automatically receive and use the wind or speed
data, and the NMEA connection need not be wired.

2 Explorer AP380 system hardware

2-1 What comes with your Explorer AP380 system

MCU600 (Main Control Unit) RFU - Rudder feedback unit Explorer AP380 Display unit

Documentation
• Warranty
• Display unit mounting template
• This Installation/Operation
manual
Compass, with 10 m Gyro, with 10 m
(33 ft) attached cable (33 ft) attached cable

Additional hardware
• Mounting hardware
• Cable cover
• Strain relief
• Spare fuses
Protective cover for 2 mm (#14) twin
display unit stranded cable for high
current wiring

8 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 2-2 Other parts required
Power supply: The Explorer AP380 system External beepers or lights (optional ):
requires two power supplies, both nominally 12 The external output is switched to ground,
V DC: 30 V DC and 250 mA maximum. If the beepers
A heavy duty supply for the steering drive and lights require more than 250 mA total, fit a
relay.
A light duty supply for the Explorer AP380
system electronics and display unit; this Other marine instruments (optional): Wind,
supply also powers any additional display speed or GPS instruments can be connected (see
units and other instruments. section 1-2).
The power supplies require one or two switches Other parts: For systems of several instruments,
and fuses or circuit breakers (see section 3-4). wiring and connectors are required. Northstar
junction boxes can simplify wiring several
Steering drive: The Explorer AP380 system can
Northstar instruments together (see section 1-2
power a hydraulic pump, constantly running
or the NavBus Installation and Operation Manual).
pump set, hydraulic linear drive or mechanical
drive rated at 12 V DC and up to 20 A. Coupling connectors and 10 m (33 ft) extension
cables are available to extend the rudder
Rudder linkage: To link rudder to rudder
feedback unit, compass or gyro cables. Do not fit
feedback unit (see section 3-5).
more than one extension cable to each unit.
For wiring, see Select Wire Table in section 3-4-2.
For more information, consult your
Northstar dealer.

3 Installation

Correct installation is critical to the performance The Explorer AP380 system display unit is
of the unit. It is vital to read this manual and the waterproof.
documentation that comes with the other parts The compass, gyro and rudder feedback
before starting installation. unit are completely waterproof.
The MCU600 is not waterproof. Mount the Ensure that any holes that you cut will not
unit in a dry place. weaken the boat’s structure. If in doubt, consult
a qualified boat builder.

3-1 Installation sequence

The recommended installation sequence is: 7 Install the gyro (see section 3-7).
1 Read this manual and the documentation 8 Install the display unit and any other marine
that comes with the other parts. instruments that will be used with the
2 Plan the installation: select where the Explorer AP380 system (see section 3-8).
equipment and wiring will be installed (see 9 Carry out the dockside setup
section 3-2). (see section 4).
3 Install the MCU600 (see section 3-3). 10 Carry out the sea trials (see section 5).
4 Install the steering drive and wire the heavy If you are unsure where a part should be
duty and light duty power supplies installed, mount and wire the part temporarily,
(see section 3-4). without cutting holes in the boat. After the sea
5 Install the rudder feedback unit trials have been completed, install and wire the
(see section 3-5). part permanently.
6 Install the compass (see section 3-6).

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 9

 3-2 Installation guide
This is a general guide for locating and wiring the parts of the Explorer AP380 system. The instructions
for a particular part may have additional requirements.

3-2-1 Location guide 3-2-2 Wiring guide

Do not mount any part where it can be used The Explorer AP380 system has two kinds of
as a handhold, where it will interfere with the cables:
operation of the boat or where it might be The heavy-duty power supply and steering drive
submerged. usually require high-current cables:
Do not mount any part where it will interfere Select the wire gauge from the wire size table
with launching or retrieving (see section 3-4-2).
the boat.
Fit high-current cables at least 1 m (3 ft) away
Do not mount any part within 0.5 m (20”) of from other electronic devices in
the plane of a radar antenna. the boat.
Mount the compass and gyro: Keep the cables as short as possible.
At least 1 m (3 ft) away from sources of Twin 2 mm (#14) cable is supplied with the
electrical signals or noise, such as the Explorer AP380 system and can be used for
batteries, high-current cables, other boat the high current cable if its gauge is suitable.
cables, engines, fluorescent lights, power
All the other cables are low-current:
inverters, radio or radar transmitters and
antennas. Fit low-current cables at least 1 m (3 ft) away
from sources of electrical signals or noise,
At least 1 m (3 ft) away from equipment
such as the high-current cables, other boat
containing a magnet, such as a compass
cables, engines, fluorescent lights, power
or speaker.
inverters and radio or radar transmitters and
antennas.
If the cable for the rudder feedback unit,
compass or gyro is too long, do not shorten
the cable; instead coil the cable up near the
main control unit.
The cable for the rudder feedback unit,
compass or gyro can be extended by
adding a 10 m (33 ft) extension cable and
coupling connector. Do not fit more than one
extension cable to each unit.
When fitting any type of cable:
Do not crush, pinch or strain the cable.
Secure the cable at regular intervals.
Ensure no connectors or exposed terminals
are in the bilge.

10 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 3-3 Installing the MCU600 (Main Control Unit)
Physical

IMPORTANT: 200 mm
(7.87”)
200 mm (7.87”) clearance required
(7.87”) for cover removal
200 mm
55 mm
(2.16”)

1
2
3

Sc rt
re pa
ws ”) a
14 24
0m 90
m (7. 1 RFU
m m mm
(3. 184
(5. 54 les 2 Gyro
10 ”)
ap ho
”) ew
ar
t Scr Compass /
3
6”) Heading Sensor
( 2.3
mm
60

IMPORTANT: 60 mm (2.36”)
clearance required for cables

Installation
Find a suitable location for the unit:
In a dry, cool place; if possible not the engine room.
Close to the high-current power supply and the steering drive, to reduce the length of the high
current wiring.
Accessible for installation and service.
If possible on a vertical panel which does not vibrate.
Follow the location guide (see section 3-2-1).
Mount the unit with the cable connectors at the bottom or to one side, using the screws provided.
Do not mount the unit with the connectors at the top, because dust or moisture might enter the unit.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 11

 3-4 Installing the power supplies and steering drive

3-4-1 Installing the power supplies MCU600

The MCU 600 system requires a light duty and a heavy duty power
supply, both 12 V DC.
Note:
Keep all wiring as short as possible.
For the heavy duty supply, use the wire size given in the table
(see section 3-4-2).
Follow the wiring guide (see section 3-2-2).

Power supply: one switch configuration

Choose this configuration to have one switch to
turn the Explorer AP380 system and any other 12345678
instruments on and off.

Fit strain relief

Connector
12 V DC power Heavy duty cover
supply, current to power
suit drive
Light duty
Fuse 1 A power
Circuit breaker or fuse and
switch, current rating to suit
steering drive

Power supply: two switch configuration

Choose this configuration to be able to turn the
drive power off and leave other instruments 12345678
powered.

Fit strain relief

Connector
12 V DC power Heavy duty cover
supply, current to power
suit drive Light duty
Fuse 1 A Switch power
Circuit breaker or fuse
and switch, current
rating to suit steering
drive

Note: If powering more than three extra display units or other series instruments, fit another switch
and fuse for the light duty power supply for these extra instruments

12 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 3-4-2 Installing the steering drive
Install the steering drive according to one of the diagrams on the following pages.
Note
Keep all wiring as short as possible.
Use the wire size given in the table below.
Follow the wiring guide (see section 3-2-2).
Wire less than #10 gauge will not fit directly into the four way terminal block. Fit ferrules or
reterminate the wire with #10 gauge wire.
If more than one wire is to be fitted to a terminal of the four way terminal block, join the wires
together in a suitable way.

Wire size table

To choose a wire gauge for an installation:
1 Measure the length of twin cable required, i.e. the distance from the main control unit to the heavy
duty power supply or to the drive.
2 Choose the column with the cable length and the row with the circuit current. The intersection of
the row and column gives the preferred (minimum) cable wire gauge for less than 3% voltage drop
in a 12 V system.
Cable length (from main control unit to power supply or to drive)

2.5 ft 5 ft 7.5 ft 10 ft 12.5 ft 15 ft 17.5 ft 20 ft

0.7 m 1.5 m 2.2 m 3m 3.7 m 4.5 m 5.2 m 6m
#18 #18 #18 #18 #18 #18 #18 #18
1 amp
0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm
#18 #18 #18 #18 #18 #16 #16 #16
2 amp
0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm 1.5 mm 1.5 mm 1.5 mm
#18 #18 #18 #16 #16 #16 #14 #14
3 amp
0.75 mm 0.75 mm 0.75 mm 1.5 mm 1.5 mm 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 2.5 mm
#18 #18 #16 #16 #14 #14 #14 #12
4 amp
0.75 mm 0.75 mm 1.5 mm 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 2.5 mm 2.5 mm 4 mm
#18 #16 #16 #14 #14 #12 #12 #12
5 amp
0.75 mm 1.5 mm 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 2.5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 4 mm
#18 #16 #16 #14 #12 #12 #12 #10
Current

6 amp
0.75 mm 1.5 mm 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 4 mm 6 mm
#18 #16 #14 #14 #12 #12 #10 #10
7 amp
0.75 mm 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 2.5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 6 mm 6 mm
#18 #16 #14 #12 #12 #10 #10 #10
8 amp
0.75 mm 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 6 mm 6 mm 6 mm
#18 #16 #14 #12 #12 #10 #10 #10
9 amp
0.75 mm 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 6 mm 6 mm 6 mm
#18 #14 #12 #12 #10 #10 #10 #8
10 amp
0.75 mm 2.5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 6 mm 6 mm 6 mm 10 mm
#16 #12 #12 #10 #10 #8 #8 #6
15 amp
1.5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 6 mm 6 mm 10 mm 10 mm 16 mm
#14 #12 #10 #8 #8 #6 #6 #6
20 amp
2.5 mm 4 mm 6 mm 10 mm 10 mm 16 mm 16 mm 16 mm

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 13

Example of hydraulic steering with hydraulic help pump.
In the Setup > Vessel menu (See Explorer AP380 Operation Section), set Drive Type to Motor.

MCU600

Fit strain relief

No connection
Heavy duty power (see
section 3-4-1)

Wiring polarity does

not matter.

Motor

Example of mechanical steered power vessels with hydraulic linear drive for sailing boat
In the Setup > Vessel menu (See Explorer AP380 Operation Section), set Drive Type to Motor.

MCU600
Note: Clutch relay coil must draw
less than 300mA

Fit strain relief

Connector cover
Heavy duty power (see
section 3-4-1)

Wiring polarity does

not matter.

Motor

Clutch
relay 1N4002 diode or equivalent
coil Fit close to relay coil

14 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

Installing a electric drive motor with clutch relay
In the Setup > Vessel menu (See Explorer AP380 system Operation Section), set Drive Type to Motor.
MCU600

Fit strain relief Connector cover

Heavy duty power (see section 3-4-1)
1N4002 diode or equivalent
Fit close to relay coil Relay contacts

Clutch
coil

Wiring polarity does Relay coil

not matter.
1N4002 diode or equivalent. Fit
close to relay coil
Motor
Note: Relay is required if the clutch circuit
is greater than 300 mA.

Installing a continuous running pump and solenoid valves.

In the Setup > Vessel menu (See Explorer AP380 system Operation Section), set Drive Type to Spool ground.
MCU600

Fit strain relief Connector cover

Heavy duty power (see section 3-4-1)

Relay contacts

Note: Motor is not Motor

required for engine
Wiring polarity does
PTO systems. Relay coil
not matter.

1N4002 diode or equivalent

Fit close to relay coil
Starboard
Note: Relay is required if the
clutch circuit is greater than
Port
300 mA.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 15

Installing solenoid valves or relays with jog or electric steering
In the Setup > Vessel menu (See Explorer AP380 Operation Section), set Drive Type to Spool ground.

MCU600

Fit strain relief

Heavy duty power (see No connection

section 3-4-1)

Starboard Jog/steer controls

Port

16 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 3-5 Installing the RFU (rudder feedback unit)
Physical
Rudder
shaft Base
LT8 connector
90 mm
(3.5”)
10 m (33 ft) cable
220 mm
(8.7”) Arm Arm rotates freely
around base.
Linkage to
rudder

End of connecting rod

snaps into one of the
Connecting rod, with quick
holes on the arm.
release fittings and lock nuts
each end

Mounting requirements
These two These two
distances to distances to
be equal. be equal.

Adjust position of rod on

arm if required.

Rudder shaft to be
parallel to shaft in
base.

Base to be adjacent to Rudder linkage and

rudder shaft so that this arm to move in the
angle is 90° same plane

Cut connecting rod

if required. Thread = M5

Note
The unit is completely waterproof but should not be immersed.
Mount the unit on a panel which does not vibrate.
Follow the location guide (see section 3-2-1).

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 17

Alignment
The arm can rotate freely around the base. When the rudder is amidships, the arrow on the arm must
point to one of the centre lines on the base.
Centre line Sets of lines
show the two linear
ranges of the unit.
Base

Centre line

Therefore in an installation, the base can be rotated to two positions. We recommend the position that
has the cable on the opposite side to the connecting rod.

Recommended Not recommended, cable can

(rudder amidships). foul rudder linkage.

Arrangements
Recommended: U-shaped arrangement with the arm parallel to the length of boat:

Bow of
boat

Satisfactory: U-shaped arrangement Not recommended: Z-shaped arrangement,

with arm not parallel to length of boat, for for example:
example:

Bow of
boat

If rudder turns too far, the unit might not return to the Z
shape.

18 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 Installation
1 Find a suitable location and arrangement for the unit as described above.
2 Choose, assemble and fit a suitable rudder linkage.
3 Fit the unit as shown below:

Set rudder If necessary, mount Rotate base so arrow on arm Rotate base so arrow on arm
amidships. base on block to set points near centre line on base. points to centre line on base.
height. Fit two screws provided loosely Fit third screw provided,
in middle of slots. tighten all screws.

Ensure rudder is
amidships.

Join coupling to
rudder linkage. Snap end into
If necessary, cut connecting correct hole in arm.
rod at this end, then replace
coupling and lock nut.

4 Wire the cable back to the MCU600, following the wiring guide (see section 3-2-2).

Holes in the bulkheads must MCU600

be at least 18.5 mm (0.73”)
diameter.

Plug connector into the RFU socket

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 19

 3-6 Installing the Compass
Physical 101 mm, (4”) 71 mm, (2.8”)

97 mm, (3.8”)

Mounting holes for

screws

LT8 connector 10 m (32.8 ft)

Location
Mount the compass: As close as possible to the centre of
At least 1 m (3 ft) away from any steel or movement of the boat, to minimise how
iron boat part, such as: much the compass moves when the boat
rocks and pitches. If the compass can not
a steel hull, deck, cabin or steel be mounted at the centre of movement, it is
reinforcing in ferro-cement hulls usually best to mount the compass as low as
steel equipment such as motors and possible.
cooking equipment On a vertical panel which does not vibrate.
places where steel objects are stored, The unit is completely waterproof but should
such as the anchor locker and storage not be immersed. The compass is not affected
lockers by other metals, such as stainless steel, copper
At least 2 m (6 ft) away from equipment with or brass. Follow the location guide (see section
a magnet and equipment which generates 3-2-1).
electromagnetic fields, such as a compass, a
battery, high current wiring, an electric motor
and a radio or radar transmitter or antenna.

Fibreglass or wood hull and cabin: mount compass at the centre of movement (for planing hulls, the
centre of movement is usually close to the stern):

Steel hull, non-steel cabin: mount compass Steel hull and steel cabin: mount compass on
1 m, (3 ft) above hull: a pole 1 m (3 ft) above the hull and at least 1 m
(3 ft) from the cabin:
At least 1 m (3 ft)
1 m (3 ft)
1 m (3 ft)

20 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

Installation
1 Find a suitable location for the unit as described above.
2 Mount the unit with the three screws provided. Use a level to ensure the unit is vertical to within 10°.

Less than Less than 10° 10°

10° 10°

3 Wire the cable back to the MCU600, following the wiring guide (see section 3-2-2).

MCU600
Holes in the bulkheads must
be at least 18.5 mm (0.73 in)
diameter.

Plug connector into the Compass/HS socket

Note
If you move the compass with respect to
the gyro while the power is on, wait for the
heading to stabilize.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 21

 3-7 Installing the Gyro
Physical
101 mm, (4”) 71 mm, (2.8”)

97 mm, (3.8”)
Mounting holes for
screws

LT8 connector 10 m (32.8 ft)

Location
Mount the gyro as close as possible to the centre of movement of the boat, to minimize how much the
gyro moves when the boat rocks and pitches.
Mount the gyro on a panel which does not vibrate.
The unit is completely waterproof but should not be immersed. Follow the location guide (see section
3-2-1).

The Ideal location is at the centre of movement (for planing hulls, the centre of movement is usually
close to the stern).

22 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 Installation
1 Find a suitable location for the unit as described above.
2 Mount the unit with the three screws provided. Use a level to ensure the unit is vertical to within 10°.

Less than Less than

10° 10° 10° 10°

3 Wire the cable back to the MCU600, following the wiring guide (see section 3-2-2).

Holes in the bulkheads must MCU600

be at least 18.5 mm (0.73”)
diameter.

Plug connector into the Gyro socket

Note
If you move the gyro with respect to the compass while the power is on, wait for the heading to
stabilise.

3-8 Installing the Explorer AP380 display unit and other instruments
There are two mounting arrangements: Flush mounting directions
Flush mounting requires a solid panel with 1 Cut a hole in the bulkhead for the display unit
access behind for wiring and mounting screws. using the flush mount template as a guide.
After flush mounting, the display cannot be 2 Drill four holes for the mounting studs using
tilted or moved after installation to reduce any
the flush mount template as a guide.
unwanted glare or reflections. Carefully select
the best viewing position before installation. This 3 Screw the four studs into the brass inserts in
would generally be in a shaded area. the back of the display unit.
4 Sit the display unit in place and fit the
washers and nuts to the studs.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 23

Bracket mounting requires a panel for Bracket mounting directions
mounting the bracket. Ensure that the panel 1 Fix the mounting bracket onto the boat using
is not likely to deform and is not subject to the four stainless steel screws.
excessive vibration. The bracket can be tilted and
the dispaly can be removed after each use. 2 Hold the display unit in place in the mounting
bracket. Fit the mounting bracket knobs into
Select a position where the display unit will be:
the display unit and do up the knobs loosely.
• At least 4" (100 mm) away from the compass.
3 Adjust the tilt of the display for best viewing,
• At least 12" (300 mm) away from any then hand tighten the knobs on the
radio transmitter. mounting bracket.
• At least 4 ft (1.2 m) away from any antenna.
• Easy to read and operate. If possible, mount
the display unit in front of the navigator or to
the right of the navigator because the LCD
display is more readable from these positions.
• Not exposed to the direct sun or water.
• Protected from physical damage during
rough sea passages.
• Easy to access the DC power source.
• Convenient to route the transducer cables.

PP PP PP

PP
PP
PP

24 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 Wiring the display unit
Display Plug power cable into the
unit Black socket on the rear of the
Explorer AP380 display.
MCU600

Display unit cable, Requires 18 mm (0.7”) hole through

bulkhead.
Clutch relay out: 8
NMEA2 - in/out: 7
Connector cover
NMEA1 - in: 6 Yellow (ignition wire)
NMEA common: 5 White (isolate, do not use)
NavBus -, Blue: 4 Brown (isolate, do not use)
NavBus +, Orange: 3
Ground, Black: 2 Light duty power
12 V power +, Red: 1 (see section 3-4-1)
8-way connector Optional external beepers and
lamps for the external alarm. If the
Green
beepers and lights require more
than 250 mA, fit an external relay.
Note
Wire the display unit power wires (red and black wires) to the eight way connector terminals 1 and
2 to ensure the display unit and main control unit have the same light duty power supply.
• Follow the wiring guide (see section 3-2-2).

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 25

 Wiring other instruments

Addtional AP380 Other series A GPS, such as a

display units instruments Northstar Explorer
567

Display Units GPS

units

MCU600
NMEA Power,
in & out NMEA in
Clutch, optional
(see section 3-4-2)
Clutch relay out: 8
NMEA2 - in/out: 7 NMEA in/out
Connector cover

NMEA1 - in: 6
NMEA common: 5 GPS NMEA out
NavBus -, Blue: 4 GPS NMEA common
NavBus +, Orange: 3
Ground, Black: 2 Light duty power
12 V power +, Red: 1 (see section 3-4-1)

Green Green Green

(from one display unit only)

Beepers and lights

(see previous page)

Note:
Refer to the instrument’s installation manual for more wiring information.
If adding more than three display units or other series instruments, fit a separate light-duty power supply
for the extra instruments (see section 3-4 or the instrument’s installation manual)
The external alarm outputs (green wire) of Northstar series instruments and 500 series chartplotters
can be connected together to drive the external beepers and lights.
In systems with several other instruments, we recommend using NavBus junction boxes to simplify
wiring (see the NavBus Installation and Operation Manual).
• Follow the wiring guide (see section 3-2-2).

26 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 4 Dockside setup
Perform the dockside setup:
after installing a Explorer AP380 system (see section 3)
after a part has been changed or if a problem is suspected
After dockside setup, perform the sea trials (see section 5 ).

4-1 Start dockside setup

1 Turn the Explorer AP380 system on (See 3 Enter the user data listed in the User Data table
Explorer AP380 Operation Section). If the rudder below (See Explorer AP380 Operation Section to
moves, immediately turn the power off. find what each data item means and how to
If you try to enter AUTO and the rudder enter the data). Beside each item, write the
feedback unit or compass have not yet been value of the user data that you enter.
calibrated, then the Explorer AP380 system
will displays an error.
2 If the Explorer AP380 system has been used
Until the rudder feedback unit is calibrated (see
before, reset all user data to the factory
section 4-2), there is no rudder limit. The user
defaults. Go to Factory reset > Both in the
must ensure that rudder is not driven onto an
Setup System menu (See Explorer AP380
endstop when using the jog command (see
Operation Section).
Explorer AP380 Operation Section).

4-2 Calibrating the rudder feedback unit

This procedure matches the rudder feedback unit to the rudder.
Note
To exit the calibration at any time, press ESC.
If you do not move the rudder as prompted or the rudder feedback unit is not working then the
Explorer AP380 system can not finish the calibration. The Explorer AP380 system will display an error.
Press ESC, fix the problem and repeat the calibration.
In normal operation, the Explorer AP380 system will not turn the rudder closer than 3° to an endstop.

To calibrate the rudder feedback unit go to Rudder in the Setup > Calibrate menu. Follow the on-screen
instructions presented by the calibration wizard (See Explorer AP380 Operation Section).

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 27

 5 Sea trials
Perform the sea trials: For the sea trials, sail in an open area where there
After performing the dockside setup (see are no other craft or obstructions. The sea should
section 4). be calm, the wind speed as low as possible and
there should be no currents.
To check the operation of the Explorer AP380
system.

5-1 Calibrating the compass

Note
To exit the calibration at any time, press ESC.
If the boat is not turned as prompted or the compass is not working then calibration can not be
completed, the Explorer AP380 system displays an error. Press ESC, fix the problem and repeat the
calibration.
Local disturbances in magnetic field may affect the compass. Calibration must be preformed away
from large metal structures such as marinas, large ships etc.; this is the responsibility of the user.
Ensure that both sources are referencing the same north (true or magnetic). If your magnetic
compass has not been calibrated then you can use another source for heading. If using vessel’s
compass then ensure that the deviation tables are applied to check the AP380 compass.

To calibrate the Compass unit go to Compass in the Setup > Calibrate menu. Follow the on-screen
instructions presented by the calibration wizard (See Explorer AP380 Operation Section).

5-2 Aligning the compass and the rudder

The compass or rudder can be aligned separately.

5-2-1 Aligning the compass (Align heading)

This aligns the Explorer AP380 system compass to display the correct heading.
The compass can be aligned either to a reference compass or to a GPS connected to the Explorer AP380
system. Ensure there is no cross-wind or current.
To align the Compass unit go to Align heading in the Setup > Calibrate menu. Follow the on-screen
instructions presented by the calibration wizard (See Explorer AP380 Operation Section).

5-2-2 Aligning the Rudder (Centre rudder)

This sets the rudder setting to sail a straight course. Ensure there is no cross wind or current.
To align the rudder go to Centre rudder in the Setup > Calibrate menu. Follow the on-screen instructions
presented by the calibration wizard (See Explorer AP380 Operation Section).

28 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 Appendix A - Specifications - MCU600
Electrical: MCU600 Main unit Drive
Drive power supply: 10.5 to 16.5 V DC, 20 A connections:
maximum
8-Way Terminal power supply: 10.5 to 16.5 V DC, Terminal Signal
300 mA. 1 Heavy duty power positive, 10.5 to
Other optional instruments: refer to the 16.5 V DC
instrument’s operation manual.
2 Heavy duty power negative
Interfaces:
NavBus: connection to other Northstar 3 Steering drive negative output
instruments and Explorer AP380 display unit.
4 Steering drive positive output
NMEA 0183 ports: NMEA 1: Input; NMEA 2: Can
be programmed to be an input or output
NMEA 0183 output messages: HDG, HDT, RSA; MCU600 Main unit 8-way Terminal
NMEA 0183 input messages: APA, APB, BOD, connections:
BWC, MWD, MWV, RMA, RMB, RMC, VHW, VTG, XTE
Terminal Signal
Standards compliance:
EMC compliance 1 Light duty power positive, 10.5 to
16.5 V DC
USA (FCC): Part 15 Class B.
Europe (CE): IEC 60945:2002 Clause 9 & 10. 2 Light duty power supply common
New Zealand and Australia (C Tick): IEC 3 NavBus +
60945:2002 Clause 9.
4 NavBus —
Environment:
Compass: IPx6 and IPx7 - completely waterproof. 5 NMEA common
Gyro: IPx6 and IPx7 - completely waterproof.
6 NMEA in 1
Rudder feedback unit: IPx6 and IPx7
- completely waterproof. 7 NMEA in 2
MCU600 Main unit: Not waterproof - requires a
cool, dry, clean environment. 8 Steering clutch relay drive output,
switched ground to turn relay on,
30 V DC, 300 mA maximum

MCU600 Internal Fuse:

2x fuses - both fuses are the same
Type: ATC - Automotive blade
Rating: 20A

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 29

 Appendix B - Specifications - AP380 Display
Electrical: Standards compliance:
Supply voltage: 10.5 to 30.5 V DC. EMC compliance:
Supply current ( at 13.8 V): USA (FCC): Part 15 Class B
Without backlighting: 160 mA. Europe (CE): IEC 60945:2002 Clause 9 & 10.
With full backlighting: up to 410 mA. New Zealand and Australia (C Tick):
Other optional instruments: refer to the IEC 60945:2002 Clause 9.
instrument’s operation manual. Environment:
Interfaces IPx6 and IPx7 - completely waterproof.
NavBus: connection to MCU and other Northstar
instruments.

AP380 Display unit power/data cable wires:

Black connector - Power and MCU
Pin Wire color Signal
5 Red Power positive, 10.5 to 30.5 V DC
1 Black Power negative
6 Orange NavBus +
4 Blue NavBus -
7 Yellow Ignition wire
3 White Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
8 Green External alarm, switched to ground, 30 V DC and 250 mA max.
2 Brown Factory use (isolate, do not cut)

Green connector - NavBus expansion

Pin Wire color Signal
5 Red Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
1 Black Power negative
6 Orange NavBus +
4 Blue NavBus -
7 Yellow Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
3 White Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
8 Green Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
2 Brown +9V out

30 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

Appendix C - User data
User Data table (to record installation setup data)
Menu > Setup > SYSTEM menu
Language
Night mode
Key beep
Auto power off
SmartCraft
Menu > Setup > OPTIONS menu
Dodge angle
Tack mode
Tack angle
Gybe mode
Gybe angle
Tack delay
Turn rate
Menu > Setup > VESSEL menu
Vessel Type
Drive Type
Wind features
selected
Menu > Setup > ALARMS menu
Course error
XTE
Waypoint akn
Wind shift
(sail only)
Low battery
High current

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 31

 Menu > Setup > UNITS menu
Distance
Compass
Magnetic
variation
Wind
Menu > Setup > COMMS menu
NMEA mode
NavBus group
Menu > Setup > PROFILES menu
Profile (user1)
Parameters:
Adaptive
Response
Ratio
Advanced:
Trim
C-rudder
GPS gain
Wind gain
Profile (user2)
Parameters:
Adaptive
Response
Ratio
Advanced:
Trim
C-rudder
GPS gain
Wind gain

32 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

Profile (user3)
Parameters:
Adaptive
Response
Ratio
Advanced:
Trim
C-rudder
GPS gain
Wind gain
Profile (user 4)
Parameters:
Adaptive
Response
Ratio
Advanced:
Trim
C-rudder
GPS gain
Wind gain
Profile (user5)
Parameters:
Adaptive
Response
Ratio
Advanced:
Trim
C-rudder
GPS gain
Wind gain

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 33

Explorer AP380
Autopilot
Operation Section

www.northstarnav.com
 Operation Contents
Using this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1-1 AP380 Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2 Quickstart ........................................................................................................................................... 38
2-1 Starting the AP380 system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
2-2 Using the AutoPilot to steer the boat automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
2-3 Changing course during a voyage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
2-4 Changing steering mode during a voyage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
2-5 Regaining manual control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
2-6 Action in an emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
2-7 Manually steering the boat from the boats helm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
2-8 Manually steering the boat using power steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
3 AP380 operation..................................................................................................................................40
3-1 The keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
3-2 Turning the Explorer AP380 on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3-3 Turning the Explorer AP380 off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3-4 Backlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3-5 Engaging AP380 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3-6 Disengaging AP380 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3-7 Setting the steering mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3-8 Changing course. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
3-9 Dodge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
3-10 Turn modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
3-11 Power steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
3-12 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
3-13 Keylock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3-14 Simulate mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4 The displays ........................................................................................................................................ 52
4-1 Display > Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
4-2 Display > AutoPilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
4-3 Display > Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
4-4 Display > Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4-5 Display > Active alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5 Data headers ....................................................................................................................................... 56

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 35

6 Menus .................................................................................................................................................. 57
6-1 Setup > System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
6-2 Setup > Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
6-3 Setup > Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
6-4 Setup > Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
6-5 Setup > Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
6-6 Setup > Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
6-7 Setup > Comms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
6-8 Setup > Calibrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
6-9 Setup > Simulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
7 Steering modes ................................................................................................................................... 61
7-1 Compass steering mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7-2 GPS steering mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
7-3 Wind steering mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
8 Optimising steering performance........................................................................................................ 69
8-1 Steering parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
8-2 Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
8-3 Adjusting the steering parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
9 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................. 73

10 Specifications .................................................................................................................................... 74

36 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 1 Introduction
The Explorer AP380 is a superior quality, high 1-1 AP380 Modes
performance AP380 display head. The Northstar
AP380 system has the flexibility to be used with 1-1-1 Operating modes
power or sail boats. The AP380 has three operating modes (see
The Explorer AP380 has dedicated function keys sections 3-5 and 3-6):
and a large 3.8” Color TFT display. This provides STANDBY:
the user with exceptionally easy to use controls. The AP380 does not steer the
The Explorer AP380 is part of the Northstar STBY boat (except during jog steer). The
family of instruments for boats, which includes helmsman steers the boat with
instruments for speed, depth, wind and repeaters. the manual helm.
These instruments can be connected together AUTO:
to form an integrated data system for a boat. The The AP380 steers the boat
AP380 performance is enhanced if it is connected automatically based on selected
to a boat speed instrument such as a Northstar Steering Mode and course. Do not
Explorer S310 or a GPS instrument. steer the boat manually.
HAND-STEER:
The AP380 does not steer the boat,
NORTHSTAR EXPLORER AP380
HSTR but displays steering information
for you to use to manually steer a
course. Steer manually using the
displayed steering data.
1-1-2 Steering modes
The AP380 has three steering modes (see section
3-7):
Compass - The boat sails at a set compass
heading.
Using this manual COMPASS
This manual describes how to operate the
GPS - The boat sails to a destination along a
Explorer AP380. Refer to the Explorer AP380
preset route.
System Installation Section at the front of this
manual for information on how to install and GPS
setup the Explorer AP380 before use. This mode requires a GPS instrument, such as
For maximum benefit, please read this manual a Northstar Explorer 557 chart-plotter to be
carefully before using the Explorer AP380. connected via NMEA.
Wind - The boat sails at a set angle to the wind.
Cleaning and maintenance This mode requires a wind instrument, such as
Clean the parts of the Explorer AP380 with a a Northstar Explorer W310 to be connected via
damp cloth or mild detergent. Avoid abrasive NavBus or NMEA.
cleaners, petrol or other solvents. Do not paint WIND
any part of the Explorer AP380 except for the
cables.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 37

 1-1-3 Power steering modes 1-1-4 Turn modes
When the AP380 is in STBY (STANDBY) mode The Explorer AP380 can follow a preprogrammed
the helmsman must steer the boat manually. turn sequence. The AP380 has three different turn
However The Explorer AP380 has two different modes (see section 3-10):
power steering control modes (see section 3-11). Tack/Gybe: Auto-tacks OR Auto-gybes the boat
Jog: Turns the rudder left or right while the key after a delay period. The tack/gybe angle and
is pressed. tack/gybe delay can be customised.
90º turn: The boat turns through 90º
180º turn: The boat turns through 180º
Follow-up: Sets the target position of the Note: Not all turn modes are available in all
rudder. The rudder will turn until it is in the target operating modes.
position.

2 Quickstart
2-3 Changing course during a voyage
In Compass mode and Wind mode it is possible
Note regarding Jog and Follow-up mode: to change course during a voyage:
The user is to be aware that while in Standby Turn the Control Dial in the direction of the
(STBY) Mode, the AP380 can move the rudder intended course change, for example:
at anytime that the Dodge keys or Control Dial • To change course 10º to starboard, turn the
is operated. Control Dial 10 clicks clockwise.
• To change course 30º to port, turn the
2-1 Starting the AP380 system Control Dial a whole turn counter-clockwise.
1. Turn the AP380 system on by pressing
2-4 Changing steering mode during a voyage
2. If the AP380 is connected to speed, wind
It is possible to change the steering mode during
or GPS instruments, turn these
a voyage, for example:
on too.
• Change from GPS mode to Compass
3. If necessary, adjust the backlight so that
mode at the end of a route, or,
the display can be easily read (press
briefly and adjust using the Control Dial). • On a sailing boat, change from Wind
mode to Compass or GPS modes when
2-2 Using the AutoPilot to steer the boat changing from sailing to motoring.
automatically 1. Press then use the Control Dial to
1. Manually steer the boat to open waters highlight the desired steering mode then
before engaging the AP380 to steer the press .
boat.
2-5 Regaining manual control
2. Select the desired steering mode by
pressing then use the Control Dial 1. Press . The AP380 is now disengaged
to highlight Compass, GPS or Wind then and you have complete steering control.
press . can be pressed at any time.
3. If using GPS mode, start navigating to a 2. Manually steer the boat using the boats
waypoint using the GPS instrument. steering helm.

4. Engage the AP380 by pressing . 3. To re-engage the AP380, press .

38 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 2-6 Action in an emergency 2-8 Manually steering the boat using power
To regain control of the boat in an emergency steering
situation: To manually steer the boat using the AP380 to
1. Press . The AP380 is now disengaged move the rudder:
and you have complete steering control. 1. Ensure the AP380 is in STBY by pressing
2. Manually steer the boat. .
Alternatively: 2. Press and hold or to turn the
1. Press or to make an immediate rudder to port or starboard. Pressing both
course change to port or starboard. will centre the rudder
3. Release the button when the rudder is in
2. After a period of time, press to the desired position.
resume original course, or press to
Alternatively:
continue on the alternative course.
1. Ensure the AP380 is in STBY by pressing
the key.
2-7 Manually steering the boat from the 2. Turn the Control Dial until the on-screen
boats helm rudder indicator is in the desired position.
To manually steer the boat: 3. The AP380 will turn the rudder until it is in
1. Press . The AP380 is now disengaged the target position.
and you have complete steering control.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 39

 3 AP380 operation
3-1 The keys
Button Function

1 ESC Step back a menu level or return to selected AP380 screen

2 ENT Selects highlighted items or brings up Parameters menu when in

AP380 display mode

3 MENU Shows context sensitive Options menu, press twice to show the Setup
menu.

4 DISP Opens display menu to change between AP380 screens

5 Control Dial Use to scroll through menus, increment or decrement selected values,
follow up rudder control and to make course changes.

6 Dodge Left Dodge to Port key (repeated presses increments values)

Initiates left tack/gybe, 90° turns and 180° turns

7 Dodge Right Dodge to Starboard key (repeated presses increments values)

Initiates right tack/gybe, 90° turns and 180° turns

8 Turns Opens turn menu to access tack/gybe, 90° turns and 180° turns

9 AUTO Places AP380 into auto mode

10 MODE Invokes steering mode menu

11 STBY Places AP380 into standby mode

12 Power Press and hold to turn instrument off. Single press shows backlight
control

1 2

5
4

6 7

8 9

11 12
10

40 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 3-1-1 AUTO key Note: In GPS mode, the set course can not
be adjusted as the course is controlled by the
Press to engage AUTO mode. The AP380 is now
navigation instrument.
steering the boat based on the selected steering
mode. Press and hold for 2 seconds to engage
H-STEER mode. 3-1-7 ESC key
When using menus and adjusting settings, press
3-1-2 STBY key to step back one level without saving changes.
Press to disengage AUTO mode and set STBY When no menus or settings are displayed, press
mode. The AP380 is not steering the boat – the to jump back to the most recently used AP380
helmsman must steer the boat using the manual display screen.
helm.
3-1-8 ENT key
3-1-3 Dodge keys When using menus and adjusting settings, press
to choose selection or save setting.
Press or to trigger an immediate
dodge to port or starboard. Repeated presses of Tip: When showing the Basic, AP380 or Compass
the same key increments dodge angle. screen, pressing opens the Parameters
menu.
STBY mode: Jogs the rudder left or right while
the key is pressed
AUTO mode: Activates a dodge. Causes the 3-1-9 MENU key
vessel to deviate from the set course by a preset Press to show the Options menu (where
angle. applicable).
Press twice to show the Setup menu.
3-1-4 Turn key
Press to display the turn menu. The boat follows 3-1-10 DISP key
a preprogrammed turn sequence. Select an
Shows the Display menu.
item from the menu then press or to
activate the turn in the corresponding direction. Tip: Repeated pressing will cycle through
the menu selection and will automatically select
Tip: Repeated pressing will cycle through the highlighted entry after 1 second.
the menu selection.

3-2 Turning the Explorer AP380 on

3-1-5 MODE key
• Press .
Press to select steering mode.
• If there are no other AP380 display heads on
Tip: Repeated pressing will cycle through the system, The Explorer AP380 will turn on
the menu selection. and enter STBY (Standby) mode.
Note: If the AP380 was switched off while still
3-1-6 Control Dial in AUTO mode, a warning message will be
displayed to alert the user that there may have
When using menus and adjusting settings, use to
been a power interruption.
scroll through items and increment or decrement
values. Note: When the AP380 is powered on, the
Control Dial and Dodge keys are active and
STBY mode: Moves the rudder to port or to
can operate the rudder at any time (see Power
starboard half of a degree per click.
Steering modes 1-1-3)
AUTO mode: Changes the set course by one
degree per click.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 41

 3-3 Turning the Explorer AP380 off
When in STBY mode: 3-5 Engaging AP380
• Press and hold . A pop-up box will appear Select AUTO mode by pressing . The AP380
and start a 3 second count-down. The unit is now steering the boat based on the selected
will turn off when the counter reaches 0. steering mode.
• Releasing during this time will resume 3-6 Disengaging AP380
normal operation. Select STBY mode by pressing . The AP380
• Any settings you have made are retained by is not steering the boat – the helmsman must
the unit. steer the boat using the manual helm.
When in AUTO mode: 3-7 Setting the steering mode
• Press and hold . A warning pop-up box For a power boat:
will remind you to enter STBY mode before For a boat without GPS, or for a boat with GPS
the unit can be turned off. Press to close but you do not want to navigate to a waypoint,
the pop-up. choose Compass mode. The AP380 steers the
boat at a set compass heading.
3-4 Backlight • Select Compass mode by pressing ,
choose Compass and press .
Briefly press . The Backlight pop-up will
appear. To use the AP380 with a GPS to navigate to a
waypoint or along a route, choose GPS mode.
Repeating this action will toggle from day to The AP380 steers the boat using navigation data
night mode. from the GPS.
Use the Control Dial to increase or decrease the
• Select GPS mode by pressing , choose
display and keypad backlighting.
GPS and press .
• The Explorer AP380 has a choice of white
For a sailing boat:
background ‘Day’ and black background
‘Night’ backlighting modes. Either mode can To steer to a set compass heading, choose
be selected using the Control Dial. Compass mode.
• The Backlight pop-up may also be selected: • Select Compass mode by pressing ,
Menu > Setup > System > Backlight menu. choose Compass and press .
• Backlighting on all other Northstar To navigate to a waypoint or along a route,
instruments that are connected on the same choose GPS mode.
NavBus backlighting channel will also change.
• Select GPS mode by pressing , choose
GPS and press .
To sail, tack and gybe at a set angle to the wind,
choose Wind mode.
• Select Wind mode by pressing , choose
Wind and press .

42 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

Tip: It is possible to change steering modes Note: To select GPS mode, the AP380 must be
while in AUTO mode. For example it is helpful receiving data from a compatible GPS instrument,
to use Compass mode to control the boat when otherwise the GPS selection will not be available.
setting up a GPS route, then change directly to To engage the AP380 in GPS mode, the GPS must
GPS mode. be navigating to a waypoint or along a route;
Note for sailing boats: otherwise the Explorer AP380 will display an error
• The AP380 is not recommended for use in message. If the boat is too far from the plotted
light, changeable or gusty winds. course, the Explorer AP380 will display a warning
message.
• Take care when running downwind to avoid
an accidental gybe. To select Wind mode, the AP380 must be
receiving data from a compatible wind
• Wind mode requires the wind instrument to instrument, otherwise the Wind selection will not
be accurately calibrated. be available.

3-8 Changing course

3-8-1 Changing course in compass mode
To change course in 1 steps, turn the Control Dial.
• turn the Control Dial counter-clockwise to change course to port
• turn the Control Dial clockwise to change course to starboard
Example
3-8-2 Changing course in GPS mode
The course maintained by the AP380 is controlled by the GPS device that is navigating to a waypoint. To
change course in GPS mode, select a different waypoint on the GPS device.

Heading = 45° Heading = 45°

CTS = 45° CTS = 45°

CTS changes to 44° CTS changes to 46°

Boat comes to 44° heading Boat comes to 46° heading

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 43

 3-8-3 Changing set wind angle in wind mode
To change set wind angle (SWA) in 1˚ steps, turn the Control Dial.
• turn the Control Dial counter-clockwise to change course to port
• turn the Control Dial clockwise to change course to starboard
Example

Wind Wind

SWA = 40° SWA changes to 39°. Boat comes to new wind SWA changes to 41°. Boat comes to new
SWA = 40° wind angle of 41°
angle of 39°

3-9 Dodge
A dodge is a sharp change of course, usually to avoid an obstacle.
• press to dodge to port by the dodge angle
• press to dodge to starboard by the dodge angle.
The boat will change course by a preset dodge angle. To dodge further, press or more times.
To view or change the dodge angle, go to Dodge angle in the Options menu (see section 6-3).

3-9-1 Dodging in compass mode

Press
Heading = 45° to continue
CTS = 45° on the new
heading
or
Press
to resume
the earlier
CTS changes by the dodge angle. heading
Boat comes to new heading.

44 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

3-9-2 Dodging in GPS mode

The Explorer AP380 will steer back to the GPS

plotted course. Make sure there are no obstacles
or dangerous waters in the way.

Press to resume
the earlier heading WARNING: The
Explorer AP380 will
steer back to the
GPS plotted course.
CTS changes by the Make sure there
dodge angle. are no obstacles or
Boat comes to new dangerous waters in
heading. the way.

3-9-3 Dodging in wind mode

Wind
Press to resume
the earlier wind angle

SWA changes by the

dodge angle. Boat comes
to new wind angle.
SWA = 40° The Explorer AP380
beeps.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 45

 3-10 Turn modes
The Explorer AP380 can follow a preprogrammed turn sequence. The AP380 has three different turn
modes:

90º turn: The boat 180º turn: The boat

Tack/Gybe:
turns through 90º turns through 180º
Auto-tacks the boat after
a delay period. The tack Availability: Compass GPS Wind
angle and tack delay can
be customised. Gybes Tack/Gybe yes no yes
can be disabled. 90º yes no no
180º yes no no
3-10-1 Auto tacking in compass mode
Auto tacking is intended to tack a sailing boat. The course to steer changes by the tack angle.
• press , select Tack/Gybe then press to tack to port by the tack angle
• press , select Tack/Gybe then press to tack to starboard by the tack angle.

Press to initiate a tack to Press or

port or starboard. to select tack
direction

A The boat sails straight while the Course after tacking

Explorer AP380 counts down
the tack delay. Course prior to tacking
The unit gives a long beep at delay count
60 and 30 seconds to go, a
short beep every second from
10 seconds to 1 second to go B The tack is fin-
ished when the
and a long beep that finishes boat reaches the
when the countdown ends. new heading

46 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 3-10-2 Turns in compass mode
To change course by 90˚
• press ,select 90˚ turn then press to turn to port by 90˚
• press , select 90˚ turn then press to turn to starboard by 90˚
To change course by 180˚
• press , select 180˚ turn then press to turn to port by 180˚
• press , select 180˚ turn then press to turn to starboard by 180˚

Press to initiate a 90 or Press or to select turn

180 turn to port or starboard. direction

When auto-tacking (in Compass Mode), the

course to steer changes by the tack angle.
The AP380 does not use data from any wind
instrument. It is possible for the boat to gybe
or to end in irons (head to wind).

Note: To tack to a fixed wind angle, use the

AP380 in Wind mode (see section 7-3). To view
or change the tack angle or the tack delay, go to
tack mode, tack angle or tack delay in the Options
menu (see section 6-3). Gybe angle is not used in
Compass mode.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 47

 3-10-3 Auto tacking or gybing in wind mode
If the set wind angle (SWA) is 90° or less, the boat tacks, if the SWA is more than 90° the boat gybes. After
the tack or gybe, the SWA is the same as the SWA before the tack or gybe, but from the
other side.
• Press , select Tack/Gybe then press to tack or gybe to port
• Press , select Tack/Gybe turn then press to tack or gybe to starboard
Example:
SWA is 40°, so the boat will tack, not gybe. If the tack angle is not set to Auto, the boat changes direction
twice:
- first by the tack angle
- second so that SWA is the same as before the tack or gybe, but on the other side:

The tack is finished when the boat reaches the new wind angle

After the boat has reached the tack angle, the boat turns again so
that the SWA (set wind angle) is the same as the SWA before the
tack, but from the other side

At the end of the tack delay, the course changes by the

tack angle (in this example, the tack angle is not set to
Auto). The boat turns.
To cancel the tack at any
time, press
The boat sails straight while the Explorer AP380 counts down
the tack delay.
The unit gives a long beep at 60 and 30 seconds to go, a short
beep every second from 10 seconds to 1 second to go and a
Wind long beep that finishes when the countdown ends.

Press , select
Tack/Gybe then press 3 seconds to go until the tack starts
SWA = 40°
to initiate a tack
to port.

48 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

Example: Example:
SWA is 120°, so the boat will gybe. The tack angle SWA is 40°. The tack angle is set to Auto so the
is not set to Auto: boat changes direction once:

Wind End of tack, boat is

at new SWA
Press , select Tack/Gybe.
Then press to initiate a
gybe to starboard

The Explorer AP380 The course

counts down the tack changes so that
To cancel the gybe the SWA is the
delay.
at any time, press same as the SWA
before the tack
To cancel the gybe
at any time, press The course Wind
changes by the
gybe angle The Explorer AP380
counts down the tack
delay.

Press , select Tack /Gybe

The course changes again then press to initiate a tack to
so that the SWA is the port
same as the SWA before
the tack If SWA is more than 90° and the gybe angle is set
to AUTO then the boat will change direction once
End of tack, boat is at new SWA during a gybe, so that the SWA is the same as the
SWA before the gybe.

There are four possibilities for auto tacking or gybing:

Tack (SWA is 90° or less) Gybe (SWA is more than 90°)

Wind

Press , select Press select Press select Press select

Tack/Gybe then Tack/Gybe then press Tack/Gybe then Tack/Gybe then
press to tack to tack to starboard. press to gybe press to gybe to
to port. to port. starboard.

Note: To view or change the tack mode, tack angle, gybe mode, gybe angle or tack delay, go to the
Options menu (see section 6-3).

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 49

 3-11 Power steering
When the AP380 is in STBY mode the helmsman • the rudder will move to the desired position.
must steer the boat manually. However the AP380 • To stop the rudder turning, press ,
has power steering control modes available while or .
in STBY mode:
To centre the rudder:
To Jog Steer to port:
• press and release + together to
• hold down to turn the rudder to port turn the rudder to amidships (this function
To Jog Steer to starboard: is disabled until the rudder feedback unit
and the compass have been calibrated [see
• hold down to turn the rudder to
section 6-8])
starboard
• To stop the rudder turning to amidships press
Follow-up steering:
, or
• turn the Control Dial to set the desired
position of the rudder (this function is
disabled until the rudder feedback unit and
the compass have been calibrated Until the rudder feedback unit is calibrated,
[see section 6-8]) there is no rudder limit and the user must
• a popup window will appear at the bottom ensure that the rudder is not driven onto an
of the screen indicating the desired position end stop when using jog steering (damage
and the current position of the rudder. may occur).

3-12 Alarms
There are several alarms that monitor the condition of the AP380 system, these alarms can not be
adjusted. There are also alarms that can be enabled to automatically detect certain conditions, such as
low battery.
Alarms that are enabled are shown as black icons in the alarm status box on the Explorer AP380 header.
When an alarm is triggered:
• the beeper sounds
• the external alarm sounds or lamp illuminates (if connected)
• the bezel backlight on the Explorer AP380 flashes
• the alarm window is displayed
• and the alarm status icon is shown in the color corresponding to the severity of the alarm.
Press or to acknowledge and reset the alarm. This action does not disable the alarm.
• Alarms can be set: Menu > Setup > Alarms menu (see section 6-5).
Severity Alarm tone Color Description

Info Single beep Blue Information message, does not affect AP380 operation.

Warning Slow beeping Black A low priority event has occurred.

Caution Moderate beeping Yellow An event has occurred that may require corrective action.

Severe Rapid beeping Orange An important event has occurred requiring immediate
attention.

Critical Rapid beeping, low tone Red A critical problem is preventing the AP380 from controlling
the boat, manual steering is required immediately.

50 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 3-12-1 The alarm window 3-12-3 Alarm history
The alarm window shows a list of the latest active The Explorer AP380 keeps a record of alarms.
alarms. The most severe alarms appear at the top The Alarm history screen shows a list of up to 18
of the list. recorded alarm events.
To show the Alarm history screen:
• Select ‘Details’ from the alarm window or,
• Go to Menu > Setup > Alarms > Alarm History.
Turn the Control Dial to select an alarm in the list
and press to see the Alarm details.
Turn the Control Dial to stop the Explorer AP380
from beeping.
Select ‘Details’ to acknowledge the displayed 3-12-4 Alarm details
alarms and jump directly to the Alarm history The alarm details window shows extra detail on
screen. an individual alarm.
Select ‘OK’ to acknowledge the displayed alarms.

3-12-2 Active alarms

The Active alarms screen shows a list of the
currently active alarms.

3-13 Keylock
When keylock is activated, the Explorer AP380 will
ignore most key presses.
• To turn keylock on:
Press and hold the key for 2 seconds. A ‘Keys
locked’ message will appear and a small lock icon
will appear on the lower right-hand display.
• To turn keylock off:
Press and hold the key for 2 seconds. A ‘Keys
To show the Active alarms screen: unlocked’ message will appear and the keys are
re-enabled.
• Select ‘Active alarms’ in the Display menu or,
• Go to Menu > Setup > Alarms > Active alarms. 3-14 Simulate mode
Turn the Control Dial to select an alarm in the list If the word ‘Simulate’ flashes on the display, then
and press to see the Alarm details. the unit is in simulate mode.
• Simulate mode allows you to become familiar
with the unit off the water.
• Simulate mode can be turned on or off: Menu
> Setup > Simulate menu.

Do not use simulate mode while at sea.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 51

 4 The displays
Press key to show the Display menu, select a display option using
the Control Dial and press .

Tip: Repeated pressing will cycle the menu selection and will automatically
select after 1 second.

4-1 Display > Basic

Displays a standard AP380 display with just the essential AP380 data.

Display area Function

1 Drive Left and right boxes light up to indicate when the AP380 is driving the rudder
indicators

2 Heading Large digits show the heading of the vessel

3 Info panel This panel can be configured to display different data items. Default:
Automatically switches between Rudder angle, Course error and Cross track
error.

4 Set course STBY mode: shows ‘---’ since the set course is not valid in standby mode
AUTO mode: digits show the current course to steer (CTS), except for
WIND mode: digits show the current set wind angle (SWA)
The colored ring is yellow in STBY mode, green in AUTO mode, magenta in
H-STEER mode and red when there is a critical alarm

5 Steering Shows the steering mode (COMPASS, GPS, WIND)

mode panel

6 Operating Shows the operating mode (Standby, Auto, H-Steer). Panel changes to blue
mode when in AUTO mode.
panel

Options menu:
Data setup - Selects what data is displayed in the info 1
panel.
2
Auto Rd/CE/XTE – Automatically switches the displayed
data between rudder, course error and cross track error
depending on the operating mode.
3
Course error – Shows a course error bar in the info 4
panel. 5
Rudder angle – Shows a rudder angle gauge in the 6
info panel. Basic displays
XTE – Shows a cross track error bar in the info panel.

52 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 4-2 Display > AutoPilot
Displays an advanced AP380 display with essential AP380 data.

Display area Function

1 Data Header Customizable data cells. Each display page has a separate header
configuration. Default: Voltage, Current, Alarm Status (see section 5).

2 Heading Large digits show the heading of the vessel

3 Drive Left and right boxes ‘fill up’ to indicate when the AP380 is driving the rudder
indicators and how much power is being used by the drive system

4 Numerical data Customizable data cells. Default: Course to steer, Course error.
panels

5 Bar data Customizable indicator bar. Default: Automatically switches between Rudder
panels angle, Course error and Cross track error.

6 Mode panel Left hand side: shows the steering mode (COMPASS, GPS, WIND)
Right hand side: shows the operating mode (Standby, Auto, H-Steer) inside a
colored tab.
Panel changes to blue when in AUTO mode. The colored tab is yellow in
STBY mode, green in AUTO mode, magenta in H-STEER mode and red
when there is a critical alarm.

Options menu:
1
Header Menu for configuring the data header in this
display (see section 5). 2
Data setup Enters the data set-up mode. Use the Control 3
Dial to highlight a data cell, press to display a list of data
types that can be displayed in that cell. 4

5
6
AutoPilot displays

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 53

 4-3 Display > Compass
Displays a standard AP380 display with just the essential AP380 data.

Display area Function

1 Data Header Customizable data cells. Each display page has a separate header
configuration. Default: Course to steer, Heading, Alarm Status
(see section 5).

2 Drive Left and right boxes ‘fill up’ to indicate when the AP380 is driving the rudder
indicators and how much power is being used by the drive system

3 Compass card Compass card rotates to show the heading of the vessel under the lubber
mark.

4 Course arrow STBY mode: points to the current heading

AUTO mode: points to the set course, except for:
GPS mode: points to the bearing to waypoint

5 Deviation bar Moves laterally to show course information.

Note: This bar can be configured to display different items.
Default: Automatically switches between Rudder angle, Course error and Cross
track error.

6 Deviation scale Indicates what data the deviation bar is currently showing and the magnitude

7 Mode panel Left hand side: shows the steering mode (COMPASS, GPS, WIND)
Right hand side: shows the operating mode (Standby, Auto, H-Steer) inside a
colored tab.
Panel changes to blue when in AUTO mode. The colored tab is yellow in STBY
mode, green in AUTO mode, magenta in H-STEER mode and red when there
is a critical alarm.

Options menu:
Deviation bar Selects what data is displayed by the 1
deviation bar.
Auto Rd/CE/XTE – Automatically switches the deviation bar 2
4
between rudder, course error and cross track error depending 3
on the operating mode.
5 6
Course error – Shows course error using the
deviation bar.
Rudder angle – Shows rudder angle using the
7
deviation bar.
Compass displays
XTE – Shows a cross track error bar using the deviation bar.
Header – Menu for configuring the data header in this display
(see section 5).

54 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 4-4 Display > Data
The data display shows one large data cell, two smaller data cells and a data history graph. Each is
these items can be configured to display a range of data types. The graph is useful for analysing the
performance of the AP380.

Display area Function

1 Big data cell Customizable data cell. Default: Rudder angle.

2 Small data cells Customizable data cells. Default: Voltage, AP380 Status.

3 History graph This graph plots data over a period of time. There are two graph series that can
be configured, red and green. Default: Rudder angle, Course error.

4 Time base The time base of the graph can be set from 2 minutes to 1 hour. This is the
amount of time it takes for new data to scroll from the right hand side to
the left hand side.

Options menu:
Data setup Enters the data set-up mode. Use the Control Dial to highlight a data cell, 1
press to display a list of data types that can be displayed in that cell.
Time base - Selects the time base of the history graph. Select 2 min, 4 min, 10 min, 2
20 min or 1 hour.
3

4
Data display

4-5 Display > Active alarms

Shows a list of the currently active alarms (see section 3-12-2).

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 55

 5 Data headers
Data headers are available on the AP380 and Compass screens. A data header is a customizable feature
that can be used to display up to 6 different data items, such as boat speed or alarm status. The AP380
and Compass screens have separate settings for the data header.

Header menu:
Data Turns the data header completely on or off.
Data setup
Enters the data set-up mode. The Data header expands to display all 6 possible data cells. Some data cells
may be blank. Use the Control Dial to highlight a data cell, press to display a list of data types that
can be displayed in that cell.

Size
Selects the size of the data header items. Select Small, Medium or Large.

56 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 6 Menus
Many of the Explorer AP380 features and • If the box is ‘un-checked’ (does not contain a
functions are operated through menus. check or tick), then that function de-selected
• To scroll through menu items, scroll through (disabled) or OFF.
items in a list or change data use the Control
Dial. Clockwise scrolls across/down or • To select or de-select a checkbox, highlight
increments data. the menu item using the Control Dial and
• To select a menu item press . press . The change will happen
• To go back to the previous menu immediately.
press . The main menu for configuring the Explorer
• To accept changes press . AP380 is the Setup menu. Press until the
• To discard changes press . Setup menu is displayed (normally twice).
Note: Some menu items in the Explorer AP380 The Setup menu and options are summarized
menus utilize checkboxes. in this chapter. The factory default settings are
• If the box is ‘checked’ (contains a check or shown where applicable. Each Setup menu
tick), then that function is selected (enabled) option is explained in the following sections.
or ON.

6-1 Setup > System

Language Key beep
Select the language for the display. The options Enables or disables an audible beep when a
are: English, Italian, French, German, Spanish, key is pressed or Control Dial is rotated.
Dutch, Swedish, Portuguese, Finnish and Greek. Auto power off
Select to have the AP380 power off
automatically every time the boat’s ignition
is switched off. This applies only if the display
unit is wired for Auto Power (see installation
manual).
About
Displays information about the unit.
Factory Reset Resets all settings to the factory
Tip: In case you can’t read the current default settings. A warning box asks: Are you
language, the language setting is the first sure? Select Yes and press to confirm, or
item in the system menu. No or to cancel.
Main control unit – Resets the MCU’s
Backlight settings
The backlight pop-up is displayed (see also Head unit – Resets just this head unit’s
section 3-4). settings
The bar setting represents the current level of Both – Resets the MCU’s settings and this
backlighting. unit’s settings
Night Mode –Allows low contrast Night mode. SmartCraft™ Select to enable SmartCraft
Auto – allows night mode to be selected in functions. SmartCraft is only available with
backlight pop-up certain Mercury engines, and requires a
On – night mode is active all the time SmartCraft Gateway. For more information
refer to the SmartCraft manual included with
Off – night mode is not available the SmartCraft gateway.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 57

 6-2 Setup > Profiles Set angle – vessel gybes through an angle set in
Profiles are used to store a range of AP380 Gybe angle, then steers to the same set wind
settings for different sea, environmental and angle but on the opposing tack.
vessel conditions. Up to 5 user profiles may be Gybe angle
configured (see section 8-2). Set gybe angle if Set angle is selected in Gybe
mode
Minimum = 40˚; maximum = 140˚
Tack delay
Set delay that the AP380 will use from the
Profile time a Tack is requested to the time a Tack is
Select the current profile to use. carried out by the AP380
Edit name Minimum = 0; maximum = 120 (seconds)
Use to edit the name of the currently selected Turn Rate
profile (see section 8-2). Set the maximum turn rate you want the
Parameters AutoPilot to use.
Opens the Parameters menu (see section 8-1). Minimum = 3; maximum = 20 (˚/second)
6-3 Setup > Options 6-4 Setup > Vessel
Options can be selected to set AP380 operating Vessel type can be selected to alter the
limits: performance characteristics of the AP380
depending on the vessel hull type:

Vessel type
Select Planing, Displacement or Sailing.
Dodge angle
Sets size of the dodge angle steps in degrees.
Minimum = 5˚; maximum = 30˚
Tack mode Changing the vessel type causes the steering
parameters to be reset to default values in the
Auto – vessel tacks to the same set wind
current profile.
angle but on the opposing tack.
Set angle – vessel tacks through an angle
set in Tack angle, then steers to the same set Drive type
wind angle but on the opposing tack. Configures the AP380 to drive the type of
Tack angle steering system. See installation section for
Set tack angle if Set angle is selected in Tack details.
mode. Wind features
Minimum = 50˚; maximum = 160˚ Controls whether wind features such as
Gybe mode Tack/Gybe are accessible.
Off – gybing is disabled.
Auto – vessel gybes to the same set wind
angle but on the opposing tack.

58 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 6-5 Setup > Alarms High current
The alarm will sound if the current drawn
from the battery by the rudder drive system
exceeds the setting.
Set a value in Amps.
Minimum = 5; maximum = 20 (Amps)
Active alarms
Displays a list of currently active alarms (see
section 3-12-2).
Some of the AP380 alarms are user configurable. Alarm history
Alarm trigger settings can be defined to suit the The AP380 keeps a record of alarms. Displays
boat and individual preferences as follows: the alarm history list (see section 3-12-3).

Course error Clear alarm history

The alarm will sound if the vessel strays from Allows the alarm history to be cleared.
its intended course by more than the set A warning box asks: Are you sure?
error. Set OFF or a value in degrees. Select Yes and press to confirm, or No or
Minimum = 1˚; maximum = 90˚ to cancel.
XTE 6-6 Setup > Units
Cross Track Error – The alarm will sound if
the vessel strays from it’s intended track by
more than the set error. Set OFF or a value in
nautical miles.
Minimum = 0.01; maximum = 2.0 (nautical
miles)
Select the units you prefer the AP380 to display:
Waypoint akn
Distance
The alarm will sound and ask the user for
All distance readings are displayed in the
confirmation, when in GPS mode, when
selected units.
arriving at a waypoint before steering to the
next waypoint. nm (nautical miles), mi (miles), km
(kilometers)
Set ON or OFF.
Compass
Wind shift
All compass readings are displayed in the
The alarm will sound if, when in Wind mode,
selected units.
the wind shifts by more than the set angle
since engaging AUTO. °T (degrees True), °M (degrees Magnetic)
Set OFF or a value in degrees. Magnetic variation
Set the local magnetic variation in degrees.
Minimum = 1˚; maximum = 90˚
Minimum= -°90(W); maximum= +°90(E)
Low battery
(degrees)
The alarm will sound if the vessel battery
voltage is below the setting. Wind
All wind readings are displayed in the
Set OFF or a value in Volts.
selected units.
Minimum = 7; maximum = 14 (Volts)
App (Apparent), True (True)

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 59

 6-7 Setup > Comms Rudder
Use this calibration wizard to calibrate the
rudder.
Follow the on-screen instructions:
• Centre the rudder
Use this feature when the AP380 is connected to
other Northstar instruments through NavBus or • Turn rudder to Maximum Port
any compatible NMEA instrument. • Turn rudder to Maximum Starboard
NMEA mode • Set angle – press and dial in the
Select NMEA port mode. current rudder angle
Input – NMEA port can receive NMEA data • Centre the rudder
Slow – NMEA port outputs heading and • Stand clear of the rudder and linkages so
rudder angle once per second the AP380 can test the limits.
Fast – NMEA port outputs heading data ten • Testing limits – press at any time to
times per second abort the calibration
NavBus group • Accept calibration
Use this when a group of Northstar • Calibration complete
instruments are connected together using
Align heading
NavBus, to specify a group of instruments for
Use to align the compass to the actual boat
backlighting, if required. Then, if the backlight
heading. If a compass calibration has recently
setting on one instrument in the group is
been performed, it is not necessary to align the
adjusted, the other instruments change heading again.
automatically. Otherwise, select 0.
Use the manual helm to sail a straight course
6-8 Setup > Calibrate and ensure the boat heading does not change
during this procedure. Use an accurate reference
compass or external GPS to find the actual boat
heading. If you are using an external GPS, sail
as fast as convenient to ensure the heading is
accurate.
Enter the actual course heading.
Minimum = 0°; maximum = 359° (degrees)
The calibrate wizard screens are used during the
initial AP380 installation stage or if any previously Centre Rudder
installed AP380 transducers have changed or Use to set the rudder centre position. If a rudder
calibration has recently been performed, it is
moved.
not necessary to set the rudder centre position
It is vital to the performance of the AP380 that the again. Ensure the rudder is in the centre position
transducers are installed in the best location and and that there is no cross-wind or tidal current
carefully calibrated. affecting the rudder.
Compass Select OK and press when the rudder is
Use this calibration wizard to calibrate the centreed.
compass.
Follow the on-screen instructions:
6-9 Setup > Simulate
• Slowly turn boat 2.5 times, observing the
Turn simulate mode on and off
turn rate indicator
(see section 3-14).
• Align heading – press and dial in the
current heading
• Accept calibration
• Calibration complete

60 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 7 Steering modes
Important:
• The AP380 cannot control the boat better than a helmsman. The AP380 is not intended for use in
extreme weather, in adverse conditions or near other boats, dangerous waters or land.
In these conditions, disengage the AP380 and steer manually.
• Never leave the helm unattended, keep a watch at all times and be ready to
resume steering the boat manually.
• Do not try to turn the rudder by hand when the AP380 is engaged.
• Local variations in magnetic field can affect the accuracy of the compass heading.
Such variations are the responsibility of the user.

7-1 Compass steering mode

The AP380 has three ways of steering the boat, compass, GPS and wind. To select an appropriate mode,
see section 3-7. In Compass mode, the AP380 steers the boat to a set course, called CTS (Course to steer).

7-1-1 Compass steering data

Actual boat heading is 45° Course error = 10°

CTS (course to steer, the intended

AP380 course) 55°

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 61

 7-1-2 Engaging and disengaging the AP380 in compass mode

For example:
Manually steer the boat to
open waters. Sail straight on the
intended course.

Heading = 45°

To engage AUTO, To engage HANDSTEER,

press hold

AUTO: HANDSTEER:

The AP380 steers the boat automatically. Steer the boat manually. Display CTS in
the info data or course error in the bar
data and use these to steer by.

Heading = 45°
The Explorer AP380 sets CTS (course to steer) to the CTS = 45°
current heading, in this example 45°, and starts steering
on this course.

To disengage the AP380, press

The AP380 returns to STBY mode. Steer the boat
manually.

62 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 7-2 GPS steering mode
The AP380 has three ways of steering the boat, compass, GPS and wind. To select an appropriate mode,
see section 3-7. In GPS mode, the AP380 uses data from a GPS to steer the boat along a route or to a
waypoint.

7-2-1 GPS navigation data

Navigating to a waypoint:
Destination

DTG (distance)
SOG (speed) TTG (time)
COG (bearing)

BRG (bearing)
CTS (bearing)
Course error (angle)

Plotted course

XTE (distance) Boat

Start

The boat is sailing from the start to the destination and has moved off the GPS plotted course from the
start to the destination:

BRG Bearing to destination

The bearing to the destination from the boat.
COG Course over ground
Direction in which the boat is moving over the ground.
CE Course error
The difference between CTS and the boat heading.
CTS Course to steer
Optimum course to steer to return to the plotted course.
DTG Distance to go
Distance from the boat to the destination.
SOG Speed over ground
The current boat speed over the ground. This is not necessarily the same as the boat speed
through the water nor the speed at which the boat is approaching the destination.
TTG Time to go
The estimated time to reach the destination.
XTE Cross track error
The distance from the boat to the nearest point of the plotted course. XTE may have a letter:
R means steer to the right to return to the plotted course, L means steer to the left.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 63

 7-2-2 Engaging and disengaging the AP380 in GPS mode

Manually steer the boat to GPS plotted course to BRG (direction

open waters. Start the GPS a waypoint of GPS course)
navigating to a waypoint,
either a waypoint on a route
or a single waypoint.

XTE (distance to GPS

course)

To engage AUTO, To engage HAND STEER,

press hold

AUTO: HANDSTEER:
GPS
plotted
course

The AP380 steers the boat automatically. Steer the boat manually. Display CTS in
the info data or course error in the bar
data and use these to steer by.
When the Explorer AP380 is engaged, if the XTE is more than 0.05 nm or the
boat heading is not within 30° of BRG then the Explorer AP380 displays
a warning:

Press to remain in STBY mode or press to have the Explorer

AP380 steer the boat to the course.
When the Explorer AP380 is engaged, it uses data from the GPS
to steer the boat along the plotted course to the waypoint.
To disengage the AP380, press

The AP380 returns to STBY (standby). Steer the

boat manually.

64 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 7-2-3 Arriving at waypoints
If the GPS is following a route and the boat reaches an intermediate waypoint:
If the Waypoint Acknowledge alarm (see section 6-5) is off, the AP380 automatically starts steering to the
next waypoint in the route. If the Waypoint Acknowledge alarm is on, the AP380 shows the following
alarm:

The AP380 continues steering on the old course. Select “OK” to start steering to the next waypoint.
When the boat reaches the final waypoint, the AP380 shows the following alarm:

The AP380 continues steering on the old course. Select “OK” change to Compass mode and continue
sailing at the current heading. Press to return to STBY mode.
Note: To return to the last waypoint if the boat has passed the waypoint, restart the GPS navigating to
the waypoint.

7-2-4 GPS gain

In GPS mode, The GPS gain determines how much correction is applied to remove cross track error. A
high setting will cause the AP380 to steer quickly back towards the track. A low setting will cause the
AP380 to steer very gently back towards the track.

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 65

 7-3 Wind steering mode
The AP380 has three ways of steering the boat, compass, GPS and wind. To select an appropriate mode,
see section 3-7. In wind mode, the AP380 steers the boat to a set angle to the wind, called SWA (set wind
angle).

7-3-1 Wind steering data

Course error

CTS (intended AP380 course, to achieve the SWA

[set wind angle])
Boat heading
SWA (set wind angle), 41°

Wind angle
can be APP (apparent) or TRUE
Wind

APP Apparent wind angle The apparent wind angle at the boat. P in front of the angle means the
wind is from port, S means that the wind is from starboard.
CTS Course to steer The course to steer to maintain the SWA (set wind angle).
Course error The difference between APP (wind angle) and SWA (set wind angle).
SWA Set wind angle The desired wind angle.
TRUE True wind angle The true wind angle at the boat. P in front of the angle means the wind
is from port, S means that the wind is from starboard.

66 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

7-3-2 True and apparent wind speed and direction
Apparent wind speed and direction are the values measured on the boat. True wind speed and direction
are the values after allowing for boat speed through the air.
If the boat is moving, then the apparent wind speed is different to the true wind speed and the apparent
wind direction is different to the true wind direction, as shown below.

Boat at rest
True wind speed is the same as apparent wind speed and
true wind direction is the same as apparent wind direction

Boat is at
rest

Boat moving upwind

Apparent wind speed is greater than true wind speed
and apparent wind direction is closer to dead ahead than true wind direction
Apparent
True wind speed
True Apparent Apparent
True wind wind 28 kts
wind wind speed wind
direction speed
speed 28 kts direction
45º 20 kts
20 kts 30º

Boat Boat
speed speed
10 kts 10 kts

Boat moving downwind

Apparent wind speed is less than true wind speed and apparent wind direction is closer to
dead ahead than true wind direction
True Apparent wind
wind speed 15 kts True
True wind Apparent
speed wind Apparent wind
direction wind
20 kts speed speed 15 kts
135º direction
20 kts 107º
Boat
speed
10 kts
Boat
speed
10 kts

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 67

 7-3-3 Engaging the AP380 in wind mode

Manually steer the boat to For example:

open waters. Sail straight at
the intended wind angle.
Wind
The Explorer AP380 info APP = P40°
data can display TRUE
(true wind angle) or APP
(apparent wind angle) (see
section 6-6) SWA = 45°

To engage AUTO, To engage HAND STEER,

press hold

AUTO: HANDSTEER:
GPS
plotted
course

The AP380 steers the boat automatically. Steer the boat manually. Display CTS in
the info data or course error in the bar
data and use these to steer by.
The Explorer AP380 sets CTS (course to steer) to the current heading, in this
example 45°, sets SWA (set wind angle) to the current wind angle and starts
steering at this wind angle. Wind
APP = P40°

SWA = 45°
To disengage the AP380, press

The AP380 returns to STBY (standby). Steer the

boat manually.

The Explorer AP380 can also be engaged on the

starboard tack, for example: or when running, for example:
Wind Wind

APP = S120°
APP = S40° SWA = 120°
SWA = 40°

68 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 7-3-4 Wind gain
In GPS mode, The wind gain determines how much correction is applied to reduce any difference
between the set wind angle and the actual wind angle. A high setting will cause the AP380 to be
strongly affected by changes in the wind. A low setting will cause the AP380 to be very mildly
affected by changes in the wind.

8 Optimising steering performance

8-1 Steering parameters Trim
Trim gain -(Integral gain) Watches if the boat
The AP380 has seven steering parameters is off course consistently in one direction
which can be adjusted to optimize steering (Ex. Due to a strong wind, or poor weight
performance. Select the Advanced checkbox to distribution ).Trim Gain causes the AP380 to
view all parameters. slowly apply extra rudder in the opposite
These parameters can be adjusted using the direction to correct for the course error.
Parameters menu. To adjust the parameters, go to • The range is 1 (trim slowly) to 10 (trim quickly)
Menu > Setup > Profiles > Parameters (see section and 0 (OFF no trim effect).
6-2). From the Basic, AP380 or Compass screens, C-rudder
press to open the Parameters menu directly. Counter rudder gain – (derivative gain) At the
Adaptive end of the turn, counter rudder will steer in
This is an adaptive response setting where the the opposite direction to help stop the turn
AP380 adjusts how far the boat can move off at the desired heading. If the boat is turning
course to maintain a constant rate of rudder quickly towards the set course, the AP380
corrections. The adaptive setting eliminates the with start to apply rudder in the opposite
need to set the response according to varying direction to prevent to boat steering past
weather conditions. the desired direction, this is called counter
rudder. Counter rudder gain sets how strong
• The range is A1 (adapts slowly) to A5 (adapts this effect is.
quickly).
• The range is 1 (low: Most often used with a
Response (dead band) plaining boat) to 10 (high : Most often used
How far the boat will be allowed to fall off with a sail boat or displacement boat) and 0
course before it makes a correction. (OFF no counter rudder effect).
A lowest response setting lets the boat
fall very far off course before the AutoPilot GPS gain
corrects. The highest response setting In GPS mode, this determines how much
corrects for every boat movement correction is applied to remove cross track
error.
• The range is 1 (broad course keeping) to 10
(tight course keeping). • The range is 1 (steer gently back on track) to
10 (steer quickly back on track).
Ratio (gain)
How far the rudder moves relative to the Wind gain
degrees of course error In wind mode, this determines how much
correction is applied to reduce any difference
• The range is 1 (small corrections) to 10 (large between the set wind angle and the actual
corrections). wind angle.
• The range is 1 (slowly affected by wind
change) to 10 (sensitive to wind change).

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 69

Optimum steering 8-2 Profiles
Change the values of the steering parameters for The AP380 provides five configurable steering
optimum steering performance. profiles that can be quickly recalled to alter the
Generally: AP380’s performance based on changing sea,
• For calm seas, increase response; for rough environmental and vessel conditions.
seas (or to save power) decrease response. • To change a profile go to: Menu > Setup >
• For higher boat speeds, decrease ratio; for Profiles > Profile menu.
lower speeds, increase ratio. Each of the five profiles can be individually
• In case of cross-winds or weather-helm, named and configured with different steering
increase trim; In case of balanced steering, performance settings, and recalled as needed.
decrease trim. To name the currently selected profile, go to
• For large displacement boats and boats Menu > Setup > Profiles > Edit name then:
with insensitive steering, increase counter • Use the Control Dial, and to edit
rudder; for lightweight boats and boats with the name of the profile.
responsive steering, decrease counter rudder. • Rotate the Control Dial to select numerical
• For higher boat speeds and large GPS routes, and upper and lower case alphabetical
decrease GPS gain; for lower speeds and tight characters. Maximum number of
GPS routes, increase GPS gain. alphanumeric characters is 8.
• For higher and/or more stable winds, increase • Repeatedly press to finish editing.
wind gain; for lower and/or unstable winds, Note: When using more than one Explorer AP380,
decrease wind gain. profile names are not transferred between units.
Ideally, in AUTO the AP380 should steer the boat So when naming profiles, be sure to name the
to the course without the rudder moving too profile on each Explorer AP380.
often. How to use profiles:
1. When the AP380 is installed, the steering
parameters in all the profiles are set to their
default values.
2. Select User 1, and adjust the steering
parameters for optimum steering in typical
conditions.
3. If the conditions change and the steering is
no longer optimum, select another profile
and adjust the steering parameters again
Repeat this step as required to adjust the
parameters in each profile.
4. When using the AP380 to steer, select a
profile suitable for the current conditions. For
example different profiles can be configured
for rough conditions and calm conditions,
sailing or motoring.

70 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

8-3 Adjusting the steering parameters

Problem: rudder turns too frequently

This causes wear on the steering linkage and uses
power.
Decrease response.
Reduce ratio.
Reduce counter rudder gain.
Problem: drifts off course to one side
Increase ratio.
Increase trim gain.
or Increase response.

Problem: boat moves too far off course closely before the rudder turns to correct the course

Decrease ratio.
Decrease counter rudder gain.
Decrease trim gain.

Problem: oscillations from side to side build up

Decrease ratio.

Problem: after a large course change, boat overshoots and oscillates before settling to new
course
Increase counter rudder gain

Problem: after a large course change, boat takes too long to settle to new course

Decrease counter rudder gain

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 71

Problem: after a sideways current or wind, the correction is applied too quickly or too slowly
If the boat encounters a sideways force, then it will move off course sideways. The AP380 will
automatically bring the boat back to the correct heading by applying a few degrees of rudder, called
trim. Trim gain sets how quickly the trim is applied. Trim gain should be adjusted to trim the boat in
about one minute. Getting the Trim gain setting right can be difficult for your specific boat and it is easy
to alter the Trim gain too much. Change the settings slowly and conservatively at first, until the right
settings are known.

a Boat takes much more than one minute to trim

Sideways force starts

Increase trim gain

1 minute
b Boat takes much less than one minute to trim
Sideways force starts

Decrease trim gain

1 minute

Problem: drifts off GPS course

Increase GPS gain.

or

Problem: boat oscillated around GPS course

Decrease GPS gain.

or

72 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

 9 Troubleshooting
This troubleshooting guide assumes that you 4 When sailing a straight course, the boat
have read and understood this manual. drifts off course:
It is possible in many cases to solve difficulties a Change to a profile suitable for boat speed
without having to send the unit back to the and sea conditions (see section 8-2).
manufacturer for repair. Please follow this b Adjust response, ratio, counter rudder gain,
troubleshooting section before contacting the GPS gain (if AP380 is in GPS mode) or wind
nearest Northstar dealer. gain (if AP380 is in wind mode)
There are no user serviceable parts. Specialized (see section 8-1).
methods and testing equipment are required to 5 When making a large course change, boat
ensure that the unit is reassembled correctly. does not follow the expected course:
Repairs to the unit must only be carried out by a a Change to a profile suitable for boat speed
service centre approved by Northstar. and sea conditions (see section 8-2).
Users who service the unit themselves will void b Check turn rate is not too low
the warranty. More information can be found on (see section 6-3).
our Website: www.northstarnav.com.
c Adjust counter rudder gain
1 Unit will not turn on: (see section 8-1).
a Fuse blown or circuit breaker tripped. 6 Boat turns too sharply:
b Battery voltage is outside the range 10.5 to Reduce turn rate (see section 6-3).
30.5 V DC.
7 The word SIMULATE flashes on the
c Power/data cable damaged. display, values displayed are unexpected:
2 AP380 makes too frequent course Unit is in simulate mode (see section 3-14).
corrections:
8 The display fogs:
The value of response is too low (see
section 8-1). a Moist air has entered the breathing tube at
the rear of the unit. Air the boat or run unit
3 When sailing a straight course, the boat with backlight fully on.
drifts from side to side of the course:
b Water has entered the breathing tube. Return
a The boat should drift from side to side of the unit for service.
course when the AP380 steering is optimized.
b Change to a profile suitable for boat speed
and sea conditions (see section 8-2).
c If the boat drifts too far from the course,
adjust response, ratio, counter rudder gain,
GPS gain (if AP380 is in GPS mode) or wind
gain (if AP380 is in wind mode)
(see section 8-1).

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 73

 10 Specifications
Electrical Standards compliance
Supply voltage: 10.5 to 30.5 V DC. EMC compliance:
Supply current ( at 13.8 V): USA (FCC): Part 15 Class B
Without backlighting: 160 mA. Europe (CE): IEC 60945:2002 Clause 9 & 10.
With full backlighting: up to 410 mA. New Zealand and Australia (C Tick):
Other optional instruments: refer to the IEC 60945:2002 Clause 9.
instrument’s operation manual.
Environment:
Interfaces
IPx6 and IPx7 - completely waterproof.
NavBus: connection to MCU and other Northstar
instruments.

AP380 Display unit power/data cable wires:

Black connector - Power
Pin Wire color Signal
5 Red Power positive, 10.5 to 30.5 V DC
1 Black Power negative
6 Orange NavBus +
4 Blue NavBus -
7 Yellow Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
3 White Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
8 Green External alarm, switched to ground, 30 V DC and 250 mA max.
2 Brown +9V out

Green connector - NavBus expansion

Pin Wire color Signal
5 Red Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
1 Black Power negative
6 Orange NavBus +
4 Blue NavBus -
7 Yellow Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
3 White Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
8 Green Factory use (isolate, do not cut)
2 Brown +9V out

74 Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual

Northstar Explorer AP380 System Installation and Operation Manual 75
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