THESIS PROPOSAL ON SPORT COMPLEX

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
THAPATHALI CAMPUS
THAPATHALI, KATHMANDU

THESIS PROPOSAL
ON
SPORT COMPLEX

PREPARED BY:
SUNIL SHRESTHA
2073/BAE/542

25th SEPTEMBER 2021

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 THESIS PROPOSAL ON SPORT COMPLEX

AKNOWLWDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to Department of Architecture, Thapathali Campus for

providing us the Thesis Proposal as the course of study which has helped me to be well versed in
the doing the research and has also helped in creating a base for my final thesis project.
I would also like to thank Ar. Pradeep Adhikari sir, subject teacher for constantly providing me
with proper care, guidance, admirations, appreciations & cooperation throughout my proposal.
Similarly, my sincere thanks to my teachers, family, friends, seniors & juniors and to all those who
have directly or indirectly been a part of this wonderful journey.

Sunil shrestha
073/B.Arch/542
Department of Architecture
Thapathali Campus

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ABSTRACT

This paper discusses about the present context of sports, its history and development of modern
sport over a period of time. This paper also include the type of sport complex out there and
specifically focuses on community based sport complex. Scope and importance of sport in national
as well as in community level has been discussed thoroughly. Certain tips and consideration that
make a great sport complex experience has been mentioned here. Mainly how sport complex
function, its circulation, material used for construction, Structural system needed as per individual
sport need, landscaping importance, components required, lighting requirement, orientation of
structures etc. has been discussed in this paper. Furthermore to analyze use of such design
components and its impact on design functional aspect, case study of Birendra International
Complex, International Sport Complex, Sayali and VTB Arena Park, Russia has been carried out
and analyzed.

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Table of Contents
1 Description .............................................................................................................................. 9
2 Project overview ..................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 In global context: .............................................................................................................. 9
3 In National context .................................................................................................................. 9
3.1 Objective of Project ........................................................................................................ 10
3.2 Research Question .......................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Statement of Problem ..................................................................................................... 10
3.4 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 11
................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.5 Scope of Project ............................................................................................................. 12
3.6 Limitation of Project ...................................................................................................... 12
3.7 Expected Outcomes ........................................................................................................ 12
3.8 Site and site Justification ................................................................................................ 13
4 Literature Review.................................................................................................................. 14
4.1 Sport Complex................................................................................................................ 14
4.2 History of sport and structure built for sports ................................................................ 15
4.3 Scope of sport complex .................................................................................................. 16
4.4 Importance of sport facilities to communities ................................................................ 16
4.5 Factors that make great sport complex experience for Players and Fans....................... 17
The player experience: ........................................................................................................ 17
The Mom factor: ................................................................................................................. 18
Friendly confines: ................................................................................................................. 18
Technology infusion: ............................................................................................................ 18
Theming components: ........................................................................................................... 19
4.6 Design Consideration ..................................................................................................... 19
Circulation............................................................................................................................. 19
Orientation ............................................................................................................................ 20
Concept of different forms .................................................................................................... 21
Indoor games ......................................................................................................................... 21
Concept of material use and Structural system ..................................................................... 21
Landscaping .......................................................................................................................... 22

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5 Proposed Games.................................................................................................................... 22
5.1 Football........................................................................................................................... 22
The goal area ......................................................................................................................... 23
References examples ............................................................................................................. 23
Track and field, arena type A ................................................................................................ 24
Spectators and VIP Areas ..................................................................................................... 24
Seated areas (Places of Assembly Regulations) ................................................................... 25
Standing terraces (Places of Assembly Regulations)............................................................ 26
Roofing of stands .................................................................................................................. 27
5.2 Basketball game ............................................................................................................. 28
Basketball Court Dimensions, Size, Diagram............................................................................... 28
6 Volleyball.............................................................................................................................. 30
7 Case study ............................................................................................................................. 31
7.1 Birendra International Sports Complex, Satdobato, Kathmandu. .................................. 31
Tennis Court.......................................................................................................................... 32
All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) Complex .............................................................. 32
Swimming Pool Complex ..................................................................................................... 33
Spectator’s Area .................................................................................................................... 33
Parking .................................................................................................................................. 34
Walks .................................................................................................................................... 34
Deck and Area Lighting ........................................................................................................ 34
Lifeguard Chair ..................................................................................................................... 34
Fence ..................................................................................................................................... 34
Electronic Board ................................................................................................................... 34
Merits .................................................................................................................................... 35
Demerits ................................................................................................................................ 35
7.2 International Sports Complex, Sayali............................................................................. 36
Project Description................................................................................................................ 36
Circulation planning.............................................................................................................. 37
Activity Mapping .................................................................................................................. 38
Landscaping .......................................................................................................................... 38
Spectators plaza .................................................................................................................... 39

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............................................................................................................................................... 40
Merits .................................................................................................................................... 40
7.3 VTB Arena Park, Russia ................................................................................................ 41
General description ............................................................................................................... 41
Architectural Description ...................................................................................................... 42
Facilities and Services........................................................................................................... 42
Multi functions ...................................................................................................................... 44
Building Technology ............................................................................................................ 45
Merits .................................................................................................................................... 45
8 Program Formulation ............................................................................................................ 46
8.1 Administration ................................................................................................................ 46
8.2 Sport Area ...................................................................................................................... 46
Football ................................................................................................................................. 46
Players area ........................................................................................................................... 46
Basketball/ Volleyball........................................................................................................... 47
Badminton court.................................................................................................................... 47
Table tennis court.................................................................................................................. 47
8.3 Gymnasium Hall ............................................................................................................ 47
8.4 Cafeteria ......................................................................................................................... 47
8.5 Parking space.................................................................................................................. 47
9 Site analysis .......................................................................................................................... 48
9.1 General site Information................................................................................................. 48
9.2 Physical Factors.............................................................................................................. 48
Climate .................................................................................................................................. 48
Wind direction ...................................................................................................................... 50
Topography ........................................................................................................................... 50
Existing access and circulation ............................................................................................. 50
Infrastructures ....................................................................................................................... 50
Neighborhood structures ....................................................................................................... 50
Views and vistas ................................................................................................................... 50
Legal Information ................................................................................................................. 50
Immediate Surroundings ....................................................................................................... 51

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S.W.O.T Analysis ................................................................................................................. 52

Strength ................................................................................................................................. 52
Weakness .............................................................................................................................. 52
Opportunity ........................................................................................................................... 52
Threat .................................................................................................................................... 52
Site Images ............................................................................................................................ 52
10 Concept Development ........................................................................................................... 53
10.1 Zoning......................................................................................................................... 53
11 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 54
12 References ............................................................................................................................. 55

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List of figures

FIGURE 1 SHOWING SPORT COMPLEX GENERAL LAYOUT WITH PROVISION OF DIFFERENT GAMES, LOCATED
IN THE CITY OF PLOVDIV, BULGARIA. .................................................................................................................14
FIGURE 2 SHOWING COLOSSEUM OF ROME LAYOUT .................................................................................................15
FIGURE 3 PLAYING GROUND QUALITY ........................................................................................................................17
FIGURE 4 PLAYING AREA WITH SHADING DEVICE .......................................................................................................18
FIGURE 5 OUTDOOR CIRCULATION .............................................................................................................................19
FIGURE 6 ROAD CIRCULATION .....................................................................................................................................20
FIGURE 7 SIDE LIGHTS IN SWIMMING POOL ...............................................................................................................20
FIGURE 8 SHELL ROOF .................................................................................................................................................21
FIGURE 9 STEEL TRUSSES .............................................................................................................................................21
FIGURE 10 LANDSCAPING IN SPORT COMPLEX ...........................................................................................................22
FIGURE 11 STANDARD SIZE OF FOOTBALL GROUND ...................................................................................................23
FIGURE 12: TRACK AND FIELD ARENA, TYPE A ............................................................................................................24
FIGURE 13: SITE LINE CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................................................25
FIGURE 14: FIGURE SHOWING SIGHT LINE OF CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................................25
FIGURE 15: SEATING STEPS..........................................................................................................................................26
FIGURE 16: STANDING TERRACE..................................................................................................................................27
FIGURE 17: FIGURE SHOWING ROOFING AND STAND ................................................................................................27
FIGURE 18 BASKETBALL HOOPS DETAILS .....................................................................................................................30
FIGURE 19: VOLLEYBALL COURT DIMENSION ..............................................................................................................30
FIGURE 20 BIRENDRA INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPLEX MASTER PLAN ...................................................................31
FIGURE 21 ANFA COMPLEX .........................................................................................................................................32
FIGURE 22 SATDOBATO SWIMMING COMPLEX ..........................................................................................................33
FIGURE 23 AREAS FOR SPECTATORS............................................................................................................................33
FIGURE 24 MATERPAN OF INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPLEX, SAYALI.......................................................................36
FIGURE 25 CIRCULATION PLANNING ...........................................................................................................................37
FIGURE 26 SHOWING ACTIVITY PROVIDED INSIDE A COMPLEX ..................................................................................38
FIGURE 27 LANSCAPE DESIGN INSIDE A COMPLEX......................................................................................................39
FIGURE 28 SPECTATORS PLAZA ...................................................................................................................................40
FIGURE 29 VTB ARENA PARK RUSSIA ...........................................................................................................................41
FIGURE 30 ZONES IN THE STADIUM PREMISES ...........................................................................................................42
FIGURE 31 STADIUM AREA PLANNING ........................................................................................................................43
FIGURE 32 SECTION THROUGH VTB ARENA PARK .......................................................................................................43
FIGURE 33 STADIUM FOR THEATER .............................................................................................................................44
FIGURE 34 STADIUM FOR BASKETBALL .......................................................................................................................44
FIGURE 35 STADIUM FOR HOKEY ...............................................................................................................................44
FIGURE 36 STADIUM FOR DANCE EVENTS ..................................................................................................................44
FIGURE 37 STADIUM FOR CONCERT ...........................................................................................................................44
FIGURE 38 STADIUM FOR FOOTBALL...........................................................................................................................44

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1 Description

I am proposing a Sport complex as my thesis proposal. More specifically I am focused on

community based sport complex although there are different category on sport complex out there.
These sport complex are a built structure which provide wide range of sporting activities in a
closed boundary. Sporting activities are happening everywhere in the world. It has an impact on
people’s health, social and psychological development, a city’s economy and infrastructure. Sport
helps to protect integrity in society and bring the game to all.
Sports complexes are becoming an important part of the community and an increasingly significant
economic driver. These complexes play host too many weekend tournaments throughout the year
and provide recreational opportunities for weekly league play. The tremendous amount of activity
has made them a popular social gathering spot as well.
Young and youth are enticed towards the recreation and sport more than others and sport complex
are the ones to give them the platform. Sport complex are the motivation and an opportunity for
the young generation for pursuing their interest of sports, inspiring and integrating the sports
persons with the other public in the community.

2 Project overview

2.1 In global context:

The history of modern sport has been one of movement from local to regional, national and then
global contexts. Colonialism has been a driving force behind the dissemination of modern sport
around the world, reflecting and reinforcing the political, economic and cultural dynamics of
liberal and neo-liberal imperialism. The evolution of modern sport encompasses a complex
intersection of these colonial histories, including their oppressions and exploitations, and changing
social norms on race, gender, religion, ethnicity, sexuality, disability and more. (the complex world
of global sport).
Construction of sport complex as spot for gaming events with a commercial perspective is much
more practiced than sport complex for recreation and training. It is hugely affected by economy
and standard of people. Large scale sport complex are being developed in many countries for the
purpose of Olympics and national level games. Community focused sport complex are seen in
many European countries and other developed country around the globe but it is still new concept
in many developing and underdeveloped country.

3 In National context
In the context of Nepal sport activities are being organized in national, state, and district level in
specific sport only. Concept of sport complex is not much accepted term in the society. There is
no trend in creating space like sport complex for games and recreational purpose. National level

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sporting complex like Birendra international complex and Dasarath Rangashala are somehow
capable of hosting national level gaming events with few spectator capacity. Still many schools
are deprived of sport as academics course and only some few school have managed to include
sport in their curriculum.

3.1 Objective of Project

 To design a sustainable (economic and environmental) Sport complex.
 To design a sport complex with safety measure.
 To design a multi-function sport complex for inclusion of maximum societal individuals.
 Creating a space where people of surrounding communities gather, socialize, and play sport
together.
 To be able to host different level of tournament either be it community level or state level.

3.2 Research Question

Primarily the question arise while designing sport complex is how to create such space which will
accommodate the need of players, spectators and visitors and how to provide quality services to
the users.
 What are the major architectural element which can enhance the quality of space of sport
complex?
 What are basic guidelines and consideration while designing sport complex?
 Common challenges of designing sport complex
 How to make space more interactive with community and increase people participation?

3.3 Statement of Problem

The first problem in design comes with the amount of investment in such projects. The low budget
investment has led to unpleasant design with contemporary modern materials. Thus, it is inevitable
to think about the design material and construction technology that can be cost effective to make
the most of the available investment. Study have shown that the low amount of economic benefit
from sport complex project is the major reason for the reduced interest in investment. Secondly,
the designs of the sport complex projects are mostly sport oriented. People should be engaged in
various activities other than the main sports event ensuring the inclusion of more. The complex

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will gather a huge mass/public and safety is one of the issues. The sport complex designs do not
consider the safety issues as a result accident may happen (like the accident of 1988 in Dasarath).
Thus, designing a sport complex that ensures a fast, efficient and safe movement of the mass is
necessary.

3.4 Methodology
The project methodology has three stages. The first stage includes the introduction of the project,
identification of problems and setting up the objectives. The second stage includes literature study
through a secondary source of information (journal articles, reports, internet sources). Case study
will be conducted through direct or indirect observation, literature case study procedures from
which, program formulation will be done. The third stage includes site analysis & design
development.

SPORT COMPLEX

STAGE: 1
Identification of Problem and needs

Aims and Objectives

Literature study Study of Sport Complex Case study

1 National cases
 Introductory study
 Standard Guidelines and Norms 2 International contemporary cases
 Parameters for case study
3 Parameters for case study

STAGE: 2
5 Functional Requirement Program Formulation 4 Spatial Requirement

Site Selection and Analysis

Concept Development Design Development Site Planning

Conceptual Models Design Drawing Preparation

Study and Tests

Design Completion
STAGE: 3

Final submission Drawings Final design Models

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3.5 Scope of Project

The main goal of the project is to provide a space for gaming activity along with recreational
spaces where people can play and socialize with each other.
 Provide both indoor and outdoor gaming space.
 Creating a mini parks around the site for recreational and socializing space.
 Space for administration, trainee, athletes, coaches, spectators and visitors.
 Service rooms, bathing areas, gym hall, etc.

3.6 Limitation of Project

 The economic benefit of the sport complex will not be analyzed extensively but positive
consideration will be made during the design phase.

 The national case studies will be limited to Birendra International sport complex, lalitpur
in our country. The international case study will be limited to cases that are available
through relevant sources on the internet, direct observatory study is not possible due to
time and budgetary constraints.

3.7 Expected Outcomes

 The design will fulfill the demand of local/national level sport complex for a city and be
an icon in itself to give the city an identity.

 The design will be cost-effective, as sustainable (environmental and economic) as possible

maintaining the comfort against the climatic conditions of that region, and earthquake
resilient.

 The complex will give new opportunities for social impact; welcoming, inspiring and
empowering the society to contribute to the future of sport. A complex that not just sits on
the city land and remain unused for most of the time, but can be utilized every day one way
or the other.

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3.8 Site and site Justification

Location: Sano Thimi, Bhaktapur. Near CTEVT exam controller office.

Zone: Mixed settlement with governmental offices nearby.
With the growing demand and the importance of healthy lifestyles, many public sports facilities
have been constructed over the last two decades in an effort to improve residents’ health and
welfare and overall quality of life. Present day lifestyle of people do not support for the
maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. Less physical movements and pressure of work is creating many
health issues and inactive population in term of physical wellbeing.
If any place is specified for specific purpose let say sport complex then there is increase in sporting
activities in that place. It becomes easy for people to go that place and play with other people. For
example Futsal game is getting more popular in Kathmandu valley now days. It is so because the
place is well managed with required equipment and more importantly people perceive it as
activities for physical fitness.
This site is already a football ground owned by Madhyapur Youth Association. But it is not
maintained properly and no any other facilities are provide only except plain football ground
despite having enough areas. There may be different reasons for that but I wanted to create this
area as fully functioning recreational and sporting complex as it has great potential to be that. Its
proximity, accessibility and nearby community with no proper sporting activities area and also
already owned by sport youth club make it more feasible to develop a sport complex on this site.
Beneficiary of this site is mainly targeted to be nearby community (Purano thimi settlement,
Gathaghar, Bode, Pepsicola).

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4 Literature Review

4.1 Sport Complex

Sports complex is a closely

knit well-balanced grouping
of indoor and out-door
games facilities offering a
wide range of activities on a
comparatively small land
area.
Sports, recreation or free
time activities are now
widely accepted as
fundamental elements of Figure 1 Showing Sport complex general layout with provision of different games, located
good quality life. They are in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
essential to the mental and
physical wellbeing of humans and in general of any present-day society. The oxford dictionary
defines sports as “the playing of games or partition on a competitive basis involving physical
exertion and skill”.
There are different types of sport complexes all around the globe but with a prospective of its use
and management system it can be categorized into three types at the present time.
i. The leisure center- which is commercially sponsored and focused on commercial gains.
ii. The Educational sports center - for the purpose of teaching sport
iii. The Community sports center - for the recreation and entertainment of nearby communities.

Sports complexes are becoming an important part of the community and an increasingly significant
economic driver. These complexes play host too many weekend tournaments throughout the year
and provide recreational opportunities for weekly league play. The tremendous amount of activity
has made them a popular social gathering spot as well.
Athletes and spectators spend a lot of time at these sports complexes, especially during tournament
weekends for youth sports, so they must be designed to accommodate the needs of everyone—
athletes, families, spectators, umpires and officials, vendors and more. Sports complexes have
become destination facilities, so they should encompass the competitive elements that enhance the
athlete experience, while maintaining comfort and convenience for spectators.
We can also say that, Sports complexes are essentially large theatres of entertainment, which ought
to be pleasant to visit, like a cinema, and at the same time also be social and architectural land
marks in towns and cities. (sport complex design)

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4.2 History of sport and structure built for sports

The documented history of sports goes back at least 3,000 years. In the beginning, sports often
involved the preparation for war or training as a hunter, which explains why so many early games
involved the throwing of spears, stakes, and rocks, and sparring one-on-one with opponents.
With the first Olympic Games in 776 BC—which included events such as foot and chariot races,
wrestling, jumping, and discus and javelin throwing—the Ancient Greeks introduced formal sports
to the world. (A brief History of Sport)
The colosseum of Rome was built for gladiatorial combat and for races. It therefore took the form
of a theatre in which rising tiers of seats,
forming an artificial hillside completely
surrounded an arena. The great stone and
concrete drum fused engineering, theatre
and art more successfully than most
modern stadia.

During Nineteenth century:

 Stadium as a building type saw a
revival after the industrial
revolution. Figure 2 Showing colosseum of Rome layout
 New structural technologies to
facilitate the construction of stadia and enclosed halls.
 Leading to the first modern Olympic game staged at Athens in 1896.
 Ancient stadium of Greece of 331 B C. being reconstructed for this purpose.
 Olympic games held after 4 years except when interrupted by war.
 Notable changes and advanced technology then can be seen in stadium construction.
Speaking historically, the modern sports were born in England and spread from their birthplace to
the United States, to Western Europe, and to the world beyond.
Talking about the modern sports on 21st century, it is much more advanced and developed and
commercialized than the ancient history. Sports and sports events are being organized in Olympics
and national levels but they are introduced to community and academic levels also. People not
only perceive it as a competitive events but also the activities for recreation and health. Many
sports are now being played all around the globe like: Football, Hockey, Basketball, table tennis,
Cricket, Ice skating, chess, carom, Volleyball, Swimming, racing, horse riding, long jump, javelin
throw, etc. Sporting complex are now much more developed and accessible to general public. They
are introduced to community levels and more people are engaging in sport activities for fun,
recreation and health purpose.

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4.3 Scope of sport complex

Sports complexes are no building designed for just hosting big sports events and then trying to
utilize them for some other purpose. Rather they are now aimed at active participation of the public
sports activities. In near future, these are to become a place for activity and eventually part of one's
civic life. We as architects must realize the importance of these places for social gathering and
help in developing principles and design that lead to the safe and proper functioning of the
complex.
Great stadiums reflect well on the towns and cities to which they belong. Increasingly they are
seen as valuable tools of urban generation and as a focus for wider leisure or commercial
developments. Organizing sports tournaments has become successful businesses of today. As
people love to enjoy their holidays, watching the games or their favorite players or the team playing
live. They come to entertain themselves watching heroic performance of the players. A great tourist
flow can be achieved during certain international and national tournaments and events, which can
be a source of income generation of the country.
The complex can create a symbolic value of the place or, of the country. Multipurpose use of the
complex can provide frequent income generation source. But the main purpose is to provide
playing and training platform to players in regional level.

4.4 Importance of sport facilities to communities

Sports are not all about winning games. Building healthier, happier, safer, and strong communities
are also essential elements. Communities that get a chance to participate in sports also develop
strong social bonds. As a result, many non-profit sports organizations have ventured into helping
society through sports. The non-profit groups seek financial assistance from donors and sponsors
and invest the funds in sports projects. Building sports facilities is among the projects that require
a lot of funds. But how do these facilities help the community? Well, this points are discussed
below:

 Healthy communities
People who play, exercise, and are active daily are strong and healthy. For example, delayed onset
of diabetes, low blood pressure, lowers cardiovascular diseases and general body health are some
of the ways sports facilities help in the community’s health. Furthermore, strengthening the
immune and increasing white blood cells are other benefits of exercising.

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 Reducing Stress
The benefits of exercises are extended to the way people think and their mental states. Stress affects
communities at large, but people engaging in exercising activities are resilient to stress. Sports and
recreational activities have positive impacts on happiness.

 Family Gains
With free facilities to exercise, families can play together. According to research, a family that
plays together stays together. Thus, the facilities sponsored by non-profit organizations help to
improve family ties. Furthermore, the facilities provide ample places where families can have time
together. (Toronto sport council)

4.5 Factors that make great sport complex experience for Players and Fans

The player experience:

It goes without saying competitors
require great fields. The quality of
the turf or dirt infield, the
playability after a rain and practice
areas are all key components of a
great field.
Other elements can elevate the
playing experience such as
replacing traditional chain-link
backstops with masonry backstop
walls and protective netting,
masonry-enclosed dugouts with Figure 3 playing ground quality
permanent bat racks and two-tiered
seating, enhanced outfield fencing and upgraded scoreboards. These changes create a feeling of
competing on a professional-level field.
Warm up areas, away from spectators, are also important for players, who may be participating in
multiple games throughout the day. Is there a place, such as a shaded pavilion with misters, to
debrief following a game? Batting cages can boost the competitive atmosphere as well.
Finally, recent advances in LED stadium lighting allow the lights to be programmed to strobe or
“dance” across the sky when a player belts a home run, for instance. Great lighting enhances the
experience and improves player safety.

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The Mom factor:

If mom is happy, everybody wins. A baseball,
softball or soccer mom may spend most of her
weekend at the area sports complex. While it’s
important that her children who are competing are
having a great experience, playing on quality fields
in a competitive environment, it’s equally
important she is comfortable.
Shaded bleacher areas with comfortable raised
seating platforms make moms happy. Activities for
brothers and sisters who aren’t competing, such as
playgrounds, spray grounds and splash pads within Figure 4 playing area with shading device
clear eyesight of mom, are important as well.
Restrooms that are close and have plenty of stalls make moms want to return to your complex.

Friendly confines:
No one wants to get to the sports complex and drive around aimlessly to find a place to park. Some
are going to arrive in the morning, park and be on the grounds all day, so ample parking—
conveniently located to the fields of play—is very important. Clear directional signage is equally
important for out-of-town visitors.
And what do players, parents and friends do between games? Some sports complexes integrate
spaces for water features, performance stages, walking paths or, yes, even zip lines. It’s important
to program different activities that engage all levels of spectators and users.
Don’t forget about food. More complexes are now creating food court areas, centrally located
within the complex with parking for food trucks to provide lunch and dinner options for families
who don’t want to leave.
Sports complexes have traditionally been a sea of light poles, fences and concrete. Landscaping
and masonry elements tend to soften the harshness of this environment, making the user experience
a more park-like, comfortable experience.

Technology infusion:
Connectivity is a big thing, even at a sports complex. Wi-Fi should be readily available, giving
officials, players and parents the ability to access results of other games, schedules and even real-
time statistics through a mobile app.
Friends and family are also going to want to post photos of their loved ones.

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Theming components:
Finally, sports complex designs that are context-sensitive to the community or area where they are
located or incorporate historical references from the area make for a memorable experience.
Theming elements bring a unique, thoughtful touch to the complex.
As the competition between communities grows to bring tournaments to their complexes, paying
attention to these five items will help your complex stand out and make visitors and athletes want
to return again and again. (smartersolution)

4.6 Design Consideration

Circulation

 Outdoor circulation

- The outdoor circulation

should be with minimum
movement to go the
destination.
- Separate provision for
different entries should be
provided to go to different
games blocks and separate
parking.
- One should not follow the
Figure 5 Outdoor circulation
long way to go to one corner.
- Public should not go through players entry
- Many aisles should be provided to go down the sitting to reduce movement.

 Parking circulation
- Parking circulation should not follow the foot way movement or walkways

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 Road circulation
- Roads should be well linked to each
blocks and in case of events, different
routes can be followed without
disturbing VIP and players routes.

Figure 6 Road circulation

 Indoor circulation
- Indoor circulation should be like that separate routes for toilets/entries etc, for players and
separate for public should be provided.
- No disturbance to players should be from public so, sitting is at height and middle aisles
are there.
- Players’ entry can be used as public exit in peak hours like in an event days.

Orientation

Generally the events starts in evening and general games in evening and morning so, East-West
orientation is not preferred because sun movement is East to West due south and sun will obstruct
the player’s eyes. So, North-South orientation is the best suited one for almost all the games.
North light is provided in facilities because seating
games don’t want window light. It is from the
height so that no obstruction to players from sun
light at lower level.Swimming pools need side
lights, so large openings are provided and others
games all round lights at height, so windows are
provided at the back of seating in all direction.

Figure 7 side lights in swimming pool

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Concept of different forms

Every form should have concept of its own function. Like in swimming pool, it has the movement
in one direction, so pitch should be used which shows the diving after rising up.

Indoor games

Dome or shell roof can be provided in the badminton, Basketball or gymnasium because dome has
its movement around its axis and these games have movement around net or all around.

Figure 8 shell roof

Concept of material use and Structural system

Materials should be light weight,

because it is cheap and easy to cast
and renovate. So only steel and A.C
sheets with trusses or space frame,
thin R.C.C shells etc. are used and can
be molded in any form.
False ceiling is done underside of roof
for insulation. Therefore A.C decking
etc. can also be used and can be
molded in any form. Figure 9 steel trusses

Steel is the only suitable material which can be used to cover span without columns.

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Landscaping

Heavy foliage trees for outer walls to

welcome as vistas should be used. It
provides shades to the parking also.
Shrubs and hedges should be used
adjoining the high roofed structures in
contrast to give relief from concrete
jungle and matching to human height.
They should be used in- between
buildings and parking/pathways to
physically segregate but visually
linkage and shade to people sitting
outside. Figure 10 landscaping in sport complex

5 Proposed Games
 Football with track and field arena
 basketball and volleyball (same court,multiple use)
 Gymnasium hall
 Others Game ( 4 Batminton Court+ 2Table Tennis Board)
 Other services( Gymnasium hall, cafeteria, administration, parking, small park)

5.1 Football
Football or soccer is a team sport played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players.
The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end. The object of the
game is to score more goals than the opposition by moving the ball beyond the goal line into the
opposing goal, usually within a time frame of 90 or more minutes.
The size of a football (soccer) field is about 100 meters long and 60 meters wide, but in official
games there are regulations about the minimum and maximum dimension. In the world football
the most official dimensions are those that had been decide by FIFA (The Fédération Internationale
de Football Association).
The pitch is typically made of natural turf or artificial turf, although amateur and recreational teams
often play on dirt fields. Artificial surfaces must be green in color.

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According to the stipulations from FIFA a football field should have

specific minimum and maximum dimensions:
 The length (touch line) has to be minimum 90 meters (100
yds) and maximum 120 meters (130 yds).
 The width (goal line) has to be minimum 45 meters (50 yds)
and maximum 90 meters (100 yds).
For international matches the rules are somewhat stricter:
 The length has to be minimum 100 meters and maximum 110
meters.
 The width has to be minimum 64 meters and maximum 75
meters.

Figure 11 Standard size of football ground

The goal area

The goal area is the small box inside the penalty area. The
FIFA rules stipulates that the distance from each goalpost to
the lines that goes parallel with the touch line should be 5.5
meters. When the size of a standard goal is added it makes the
distance between the lines 18.32 meters. (Football History.org)

References examples
A very common field dimension among the top clubs in the world is 105 × 68 meters (114.8 ×
74.4 yds), since this is a recommendation from UEFA. Some famous stadiums and the dimension
of their football fields:
 Camp Nou: 105 × 68 meters
 Wembley: 105 × 68 meters
 Old Trafford: 105 × 68 meters
 Tottenham Hotspur Stadium: 105 × 68 meters

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Figure 12: Track and field arena, type A

Track and field, arena type A

This consists of an eight-Jane perimeter track and large inner field; shot put, discus/hammer
throwing, high jump and javelin in southern segment; shot put, discus/hammer throwing, javelin
and water jump for obstacle race in northern segment; pole vault pit with run-up from both sides
on eastern side outside perimeter track; long jump and triple jump pit with two run-ups on western
side outside perimeter track. (Track and Field Arean, Type A,(Neuferd Standard))

Spectators and VIP Areas

According to the number of spectator places planned, stands are either placed on the long sides of
the sports field (a good view, because the distance is not too far) or, for more than approx. 10,000
places, around the entire playing area. Because sporting events mostly take place in the afternoon,
the best spectator places are on the west side (no glare). If the spectator places are arranged in a
multi-row layout, sufficient super-elevation should be provided to improve the viewing conditions.
For smaller stands with up to 20 rows of standing places or 10 rows of seating, this can be a linear
gradient of 1:2, but in all other stadiums the linear gradient should be parabolic. In this case the
gradient for sitting and standing places can be determined by using spectators' sight line
construction, with the super-elevation 12 cm for standing places and 15 cm for rows of seats.

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Figure 13: Site line construction

Figure 14: Figure showing Sight line of construction

Seated
areas (Places of Assembly Regulations)

-Seated place width 0.5 m

-For design purposes, in rows of seating the required space is two visitors per m2.
-This can be provided as row seating (benches) or as individual seats, which have to be fixed and
immovable when there are more than 5000 visitor places.
-Behind and between the blocks, there must be aisles with a min. width of 1.20 m.
-Depending on the layout of the access and exit routes, each row of seats may contain: 20 places
if there is an aisle to the open air at one side, or 40 places if there is an aisle to the open air at both
sides
-Sitting and standing places must be separated. A 1.20 m width of escape route (stairs, ramps, level
surfaces) must be provided for every 600 places, with a minimum width of 1.20 m.

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Figure 15: seating Steps

Standing terraces (Places of Assembly Regulations)

-Standing space width -0.5 m
-in standing terraces the required space is two visitors per running metre of terrace.
-A 1.20 m width of escape route (stairs, ramps, level surfaces) must be provided for every 600
places, with a minimum width of 1.20 m. In order to ensure that standing areas fill and empty
evenly and to avoid dangerous crushes, they should be divided into blocks of about 2500 places.
These blocks should be fenced apart and separately accessed.
-d. It must be ensured that, seen from each standing place, there is a suitably strong parapet about
1.1 m high within 1 0 rows.

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Figure 16: Standing Terrace

Roofing of stands
The intention should be to provide cover for as many places as possible. Overlapping of stand
structures can increase the number of covered places. The Berlin Olympic stadium has recently
received a new roof.

Figure 17: Figure showing Roofing and Stand

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5.2 Basketball game

Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one
another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective
of shooting a basketball (approximately 9.4 inches (24 cm) in diameter) through the defender's
hoop (a basket 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter mounted 10 feet (3.048 m) high to a backboard at
each end of the court) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
(sport feel good stories)

Basketball Court Dimensions, Size, Diagram

Basketball court dimensions and size have some variation based on the level of play. The court
measures 94 feet long by 50 feet wide for NBA court dimensions and WNBA and college.

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High school basketball court size

NBA basketball court size

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Basketball Hoop Height and Size

The distance from the gym floor to the rim is 10 feet. This rim height is the same for Junior High,
High School, NCAA, WNBA, FIBA, and the NBA. Some kids’ leagues will lower the hoop to 8
feet or 9 feet to acknowledge that younger kids have difficulty shooting at 10 feet high hoops.

Figure 18 basketball hoops details

6 Volleyball
-Area Required: Pitch- 9m x 18m
-Total area needed with free space in
surrounding is 11m x 21m
- Height of Net is 2.43m
(Volleyball court dimension(Neuferd
standard))

Figure 19: Volleyball court dimension

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7 Case study

7.1 Birendra International Sports Complex, Satdobato, Kathmandu.

Figure 20 Birendra international sport complex Master plan

General Information : Major areas:

 Location: Satdobato, Lalitpur  Swimming complex

 Type: National Stadium  Covered hall
 Built:1997 AD to 1997  Canteen
 Area: 138 Ropanis  Sport hall
 Tennis court
 ANFA football complex

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Objective of the Study

 Study the arena for stadium and covered hall facility.
 Study the general layout of complex
 Understanding the building response to the urban context.

Tennis Court
 Lies at the northern part of the sports complex.
 Covered an area about 8 Ropanis.
 Separate entrance from the road pass through the sports complex between tennis court and
shooting area.
 Four open tennis court with parapet on western part with spectator’s capacity about 300.
 Built for training and practice purpose and only for national event.

All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) Complex

 Lies at the Northern part of the sports
complex
 Covered an area about 60 Ropanis.
 Contains football filed with parapet, ANFA
Academic Hostel.
 ANFA administrative block contains
meeting hall rooms for staffs, big lecture hall
at the top Sports Complex.
 ANFA hostel is of 3 storey buildings with 16
no. of four bedrooms on the first and second Figure 21 ANFA complex
floor
 On the ground floor It occupies T V room. official room and dining hall and store
 There football ground in front of this building with parapet on the western part.

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Swimming Pool Complex

It mainly includes the bath house of the

pool and general requirements of a
swimming pool complex. The
swimming complex is located at the
southwest part of the sport complex and
area of 30 ropanis. It has separate
entrance from ring road. The complex
designed with separate access for every
group of people. The entry of the
players and spectators is completely
separated that helps in easy flow here,
the entry of VIP guest and general
spectators are along the same side. Still Figure 22 Satdobato swimming complex
the designer has succeeded to separate
their flow as the entry of VVIP and VIP guest is through ground floor whereas 4m Wide staircase
leads the general spectator to a lobby in first floor and from then another staircase leads to the
parapet. The entrance through the northern block used by player is also used by visitor. The
structure of the complex is fascinating. Actually, the complex is built in a humped land and an
interesting thing is the designer has managed to use the hump instead of clearing it off. As a result,
the pool level is at the first floor level. Another important feature of the complex is the front facade
which uses blue shining glass. These glasses do attract the attention of all the passer by.

Spectator’s Area

It has parapet of spectators' capacity of about 1000 people. It is two stories in the western part with
VIP block. Ground floor has room related to players (20 m 2). Judge (12sq.m ) and office (80 sq.m
) and room on the first floor related to VIPs with total area of 80 sq.m.
Length of stand 65m
Number of steps 13
Height of riser 0 4m
Tread width 0 8m
Figure 23 areas for spectators

Access to the stand is through two 4m wide staircase.

From Architects data the formula giving the staircase width necessary to allow a certain number
of spectators to leave the stadium in a given time is
Staircase width (m) = number of spectator’s / Emptying time (s) x 1.25

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Using this formula, the emptying time can be calculated which IS 5 minute and it must be
considered appropriate time.

Parking
Parking area has been provided at two places and the parking has capacity of 48 bikes. One parking
area is near to the entrance of swimming pool and other near to other entrance of the complex.

Walks
Min walk distance is 3m in between stand and pool. The 3m walk separates the two pool In front
of the cafeteria area, there is a 13m wide deck and it is only deck provided.

Deck and Area Lighting

There are three numbers of sports flood light towers. Two are located at the southeast and
southwest corners and the third is located at the junction of the two pool. Each tower consists of 8
light fixtures. Ten halogen lights are also provided at the top of the cover of the parapet. There
isn't any provision of underwater lighting.

Lifeguard Chair
Ten lifeguards are appointed during public shift but only three chairs are provided which is not
sufficient. At least there should be 8 chairs as according to standard (architect’s data) per 2000 sq.
ft. (186 m 2) one lifeguard chair is required.

Fence
The pool is enclosed by bathhouse on northern side and stand on the western Side and on the other
two sides there are boundary wall of only 5 feet. The pool is constructed on a raised ground so the
topography has helped to provide natural boundary. Access for office. Maintenance area and filter
plant is different and not direct whereas the access for the visitors are direct and at front.

Electronic Board
It also has electronic board on the southern part of the pool and it is located in such a way that all
the spectators can easily view the board.

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Merits
 Properly planned sports complex.
 Good construction, workmanship and finish of material and and greater aesthetic value.
 Well facilitated swimming area and shooting arena.
 Only academic sports hostel owned by government.
 Location is perfect as lies in the out skirts of valley that does not disturb traffics at the Ring
road.

Demerits
 Not well facilitated toilets for the spectators in the football field.
 Not enough recreational facilities.
 Lack of landscape
 No uniformity in design i.e. there are no relation between ANFA complex and shooting
arena, swimming complex for horizontal expansion.
 Escape route are not considered in case of emergency and fire.

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7.2 International Sports Complex, Sayali

Figure 24 Materpan of International sport complex, sayali

Project Description

Located in the heart of Western India and spread across an area of 27 acres, International Sports
Complex in Sayali is an urban landmark.

The administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli had proposed an international contest for
development of an International Sports Complex in Sayali. Endowed with both passion and
purpose, Design Plus Architects bagged the project on pure design merit in this contest to build a
space to promote sporting talent.

The complex is open to residents/athletes/corporates on non-match days. It boasts of a number of

facilities. It houses arenas for cricket, football, tennis, badminton, volleyball, basketball, skating
rink, running track, long jump, archery and shot put, and includes an amphitheater too. It also
offers Club memberships and 5-star residential facilities as well. The club offers passive recreation
options to the visitors such as Lounge + Bar + Spa + Library etc. The hotel offers 44 en-suite
rooms with 2 suites. This is envisioned to be used by touring athletic teams or corporates for their
events. (India architecture news)

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Circulation planning

Figure 25 circulation planning

Every site has its pros and cons; the firm has taken this particular terrain in its stride, to align with the
master plan at various levels. The firm has strategically managed to accommodate 25,000 spectators and
players, by separating their movement at different levels, circulation paths treated with specific textures
for the former and restricted sub-level corridors for the latter. The spectators arrive on the upper plaza
from the entry gates.

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Activity Mapping

Figure 26 showing activity provided inside a complex

“It caters to the regional evolving demography and institutional population as a lifestyle
destination. Its existence shall expand on the existing sports infrastructure of the region in addition
to becoming an urban landmark, formally and functionally” says Mr. Abhishek Bij, Partner,
Design Plus Architects.

Landscaping
The terrain is quite “giving” in nature, by allowing placement of services on site easier, from
natural drain patterns for waste management to limited amount of digging for parking space.

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Figure 27 Lanscape design inside a complex

Spectators plaza

Besides the architectural and functional qualities of the complex, it creates a balance and
establishes a dialogue to expand the social and health infrastructure of the country. The firm has
attempted to benefit the user, both in terms of architecture as well as keeping in mind the fans
experience. The user’s view is unhindered due to strategic placement, allowing simultaneous
operation of different activities.

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Figure 28 spectators plaza

Merits

 Unobstructed circulation. There is separate circulation for spectators, vehicle and for players.
 Basement parking near road reduces the vehicular movement inside the complex.
 Smart use of terrain for circulation
 The user’s view is unhindered due to strategic placement, allowing simultaneous operation of
different activities.
 Landscaping around the boundary creates barriers to the external environment
 Provision of recreational spaces like lounge, spa, parks etc. provide opportunity for social
interaction and quality time.

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7.3 VTB Arena Park, Russia

General description
This case is an International Design Competition winner for the VTB Arena Park redevelopment
project and is under construction. The design concept was to rethink the stadium typology, working
extra components into the design that could self-sustain the whole facility. The special thing about
the design is the diversity in the program for the design. The existing stadium structure is located
in Moscow, Russia. It is a football stadium which also includes ice hockey venue beside the
football ground. The sports stadium part has 2,00,000m2 area. It is the home ground for FC
Dynamo Moscow Club. According to the results of the 2010 Census, the population of Moscow
was 11,503,501; up from 10,382,754 recorded in the 2002 Census. (The Stadium Guide)

Figure 29 VTB arena park Russia

History
The old Dynamo Stadium was closed for demolition in 2008, and the new VTB Arena was built
in its place. The final design of the new stadium was done by David Manica of MANICA
Architecture, and the construction was originally scheduled to be finished in 2016 and then 2017,
but continued into 2018. The project is called VTB Arena, even though VTB Bank attempted to
sell the naming rights.

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Architectural Description

 Orientation and Zoning of Space

The stadium ground is 480 N which is outside the recommended range of 450 to -200 . However,
the design includes full shade and covered stadium thus the direction would not be so significant.

Figure 30 Zones in the stadium premises

Facilities and Services

The stadium was on the World Cup proposal Venue. Thus, all the required facilities and services
are compliant to FIFA standards. However, some of the features of the design are mentioned
below:
 The new complex also includes a shopping and entertainment center, office buildings,
apartment buildings, a 5-star hotel, and a 1,600 car parking garage.

 The football stadium has the capacity of 27,000 that can be adjusted up to 45,000, or down to
an undisclosed number, while the indoor arena has a base capacity of 12,000 that can be
expanded up to 15,000, or down to another undisclosed number.

 There is the structured parking for 1600 cars for retail/stadium and 750 cars for training facility.
 The site is maximized with the addition of green park space.

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Figure 31 Stadium Area planning

Figure 32 Section through VTB arena park

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Multi functions
 The training facilities allows the use of its roof from above.
 The training facility includes indoor football practice ground, indoor hockey training rink,
basketball courts, gymnastics floor, fencing and boxing training, etc.
 An iconic park for green retreat has been added.
 A city block has also been included to support urban development.

The major interesting fact about the design is that the stadium creates a financially self sustaining
model with 50,000 to 60,000 sq.m leasable retail space. Because of these factors, the stadium
becomes a destination place for public. Even in the non-sporting event days, there will be constant
use from all types of people.

Figure 38 stadium for Football Figure 37 Stadium for concert

Figure 36 Stadium for Dance events Figure 35 Stadium for Hokey

Figure 34 Stadium for Basketball Figure 33 Stadium for Theater

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Building Technology

 Structural Systems
Like most of the stadiums in the world, this stadium also is built with concrete and steel structure.
The underground structure mostly feature concrete and above the ground structure besides, the
existing heritage walls, are mostly steel special cable structure, being erected independently of the
historical walls of the stadium.

 Materials
Major material used are concrete and steel. However, cable structure part is made of polycarbonate
which is light weight and very strong.

 Safety Measures
The design of the stadium, in its proposal, has mentioned the FIFA world cup compliant.
Therefore, no compromise in the security and safety has been made. Furthermore, the stadium
design function are set up in such a way that due to the project, no traffic congestion will be seen.

Merits

 Multifunctional aspect of the complex is extremely useful to host many kind of activities
 Full of recreational activities
 Provision of enough landscape
 Capacity of spectators is quite impressive
 Enough parking facility

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8 Program Formulation

8.1 Administration
Space Area No. Total Area Remarks
(m2) (m2)
MD Room 25 1 25 (Attached toilet+Store)

Reception 10 1 10 Accommodate 1 reception desk

Private meeting room 15 1 15 Near to MD room(6-10 person)

General Meeting Room 30 1 30 (20-30 Person)

Security Room 10 1 10

Pantry 15 1 15

Wash room 10 1 10

Store 20 1 20

Staff room 12 3 36

Total 190 228 190+20% circulation space=228m2

8.2 Sport Area

Football
With Track and Field arena type A (98.52x172.03) = 16948.39 m2
With 8000 Spectators capacity (8000X0.6) = 4800 m2 (0.6m2/person)
Circulation space = 20% of spectators area= 960m2
Total space required for football ground with Spectators= 22708.39m2

Players area
This area will be accommodated below the spectators seating area.
-List of spaces
Entrance, Hall area, Changing room, Shower room, Toilets, Instructor’s room with first aid room,
Equipment room, Cleaning equipment room, Caretaker’s room, Waiting room, Training room,
Store room, Media room, Services room, Security room, Retail shops, etc.

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Basketball/ Volleyball
Same pitch will be used for both game as volleyball court dimension can be fitted inside basketball
court.
Pitch area: 18mX31m( include 3m buffer beyond pitch)
Spectators area: 1500 X 0.6= 900m2 (0.6m2/ person, for 1500 spectators)
Circulation Space: 20% of 900= 180m2
Total space = 1668 m2
(All the player’s spaces will be accommodated below the spectators seating areas.)

Badminton court
Number:4
Area of pitch with 2m buffer= 13.4mX6.10mX4=326.96 m2
Table tennis court
Board area : 2.74mX15.2mX2=83.29m2

8.3 Gymnasium Hall

Area: 15mX30m= 450m2

8.4 Cafeteria
Area: 10mX20m= 200m2

8.5 Parking space

General parking: for 60 Ca15rs and 300 Bikes = (15m2 X60m+2.5m2X300)= 1650m2
VIP Parking+ Players Parking : for 20 cars, 20 bikes, 5 Bus
(15m2 X20 + 20X2.5m2+ 52.5m2X5)= 612.5 m2
Total parking: 2262.5m2

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9 Site analysis

9.1 General site Information

Location Sanothimi, Bhaktapur

Latitude 27°40’53” N
Longitude 85°22’42”
Area 42332.01m2 ( 83.21 Ropani)
Ownership Madhyapur youth association +(local newari people)
Sanothimi is an institutional area with densly populate settlement nearby around 500-1000m
proximity having altitude of 1346m.

Figure 39): Site (at Sanothimi Bhaktapur)

Figure 40: Site( Sanothimi, Bhaktapur)

9.2 Physical Factors

Climate
The climate in Bhaktapur is warm and temperate. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall,
while the winters have very little. In Bhaktapur, the average annual temperature is 16.0 °C
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Figure 41: Climate graph/ Precipitation

The driest month is November, with 25 mm | 1.0 inch of rain. Most of the precipitation here falls
in July, averaging 714 mm / 28.1 inch.

June is the warmest month of the year.

The temperature in June averages 20.4
°C | 68.7 °F. January is the coldest
month, with temperatures averaging 9.1
°C / 48.3 °F.

Figure 42: Average Temperature of Bhaktapur

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Wind direction
From South west to north east.

Topography
Site is plain land with existing football ground owned by Madhyapur association.
Altitude: 1346
Existing access and circulation
Site is attached with road in all side with main road of 30m in north side and 14m road in west and
5m road in east and 4.5m road in south direction.

Infrastructures
All major infrastructural facilities like water supply, roads, electricity and telephone
communication are available to the consumers in the service area. Korean Nepal friendship
hospital is nearby around 500m distant from the site.
The closest Airports of Bhaktapur are: Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM) 7.70km

Neighborhood structures
This site is open in all direction so no any building near 100 m are present except 1 3 storey
building at north direction.

Views and vistas

Since the site is plain only suurround roads and tree area
visible from the site. But at the month of falguna and
chaitra a clear view of mountain range is visible in
northeast side.

Legal Information
 Ground coverage: 50%
 Building height: 15m (max) Figure 43: View of site from the main road

 Floor height: 2.7m (min)

 Set back: 3m
 Parking: 20% of plot area

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Immediate Surroundings

Figure 46: CTEVT Exam Controller Office Figure 45: Adarsha Higher secondry school Figure 44:CTEVT

Figure 48: SOS village

Figure 47: Sano thimi campus

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S.W.O.T Analysis

Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat

Easily accessible Unmanaged Dense residential settlement near

use site

Plain Land Chances to attract students of SOS

school, Adarsha school and other
institutions

Residential zone near

site

Institutional zone and

peaceful environment

Equipped with
infrastructure like
electricity, water,
drainage, Internet.

Site Images

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10 Concept Development
10.1 Zoning

Figure 49: Space zoning

Initially, spaces are divided into Public, semi public and Private areas where the program are
placed according to their utility or function. Program are placed such that the management of traffic
flow is smooth and convenient like parking near the entrance, centralizing the cafeteria, nearby
administrative building and private gaming areas.

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11 Conclusion
We can say that sport complex is a built space which provide entertainment and recreation through
the medium of sport. It has the power of uniting people despite of their differences in culture,
belief, caste, religion, etc. It has become a place where people can socialize and play sport together,
which ultimately maintain their healthy life style.
Since the structure tends to be large and popular among youth, it has the tendency to become a
landmark of the community or city. In present context of people lifestyle, sport facilities in
communities are very important to maintain healthy lifestyle. No enough and proper place are
there in Nepal and need of it is clearly visible.
‘Dasarth Rangashala’ and ‘Birendra International sport complex’ are somehow capable of meeting
international standards with low capacity of audience. So, there is need of developing a standard
sport complexes in Nepal which will eventually increase the quality of life of people.

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 THESIS PROPOSAL ON SPORT COMPLEX

12 References
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