TOPI

“
ThePosi
ti
veandNegat
iveEf
fect
sofSoci
alMedi
aonGr
aduat
ionLev
el

St
udent
sinBhakkar
”

By

MuhammadFar
man

I
D:bc210402154

To

Super
visor

I
rum Andl
eeb

THEVI
RTUALUNI
VERSI
TYOFPAKI
STAN
CHAPTER1

I
NTRODUCTI
ON
1.
1 Backgr
oundst
udy

Ni
net
yper
centofcol
l
egest
udent
sut
il
izesoci
alnet
wor
ks,
accor
dingt
oast
udyofear
li
er

dat
a.Smal
lcommuni
cat
iondev
iceshav
eemer
gedt
hankst
otechnol
ogy
,andwemay

uset
hem t
oaccesssoci
almedi
aatanyt
imeandf
rom anyl
ocat
ion.Exampl
esofsuch

dev
icesi
ncl
udel
apt
ops,
iPads,
pocketcomput
ers,
andev
enbasi
cmobi
l
ephones(
whi
ch

suppor
tint
ernet
)[5]
.Soci
almedi
aencour
agesaut
onomousr
esear
chanddeci
sion-

maki
ng,
prepar
ingpupi
l
sforl
i
feaf
terschool
.Thesesoci
almedi
aabi
l
iti
escanbe

coachedandi
mpr
ovedi
nacol
l
egeenv
ironmentt
opr
omot
egr
eat
erl
ear
ningout
comes

andcr
it
ical
awar
eness.Soci
almedi
aisusedbybi
l
li
onsofst
udent
swor
ldwi
det
o

connectandshar
einf
ormat
ion.Soci
almedi
agi
vesy
out
heper
sonal
freedom t
oint
eract

wi
thl
ovedones,
lear
nnewt
hings,
expl
orenewi
nter
est
s,andbeent
ert
ained.St
udent
s

hav
eav
ari
etyofopt
ionsf
ordi
git
all
yint
eract
ingwi
thf
ami
l
y,f
ri
ends,
peer
s,t
eacher
s,

member
sofi
nter
estgr
oups,
andev
encompl
etest
ranger
sthankst
osoci
almedi
a.

St
udent
sar
etaughthowt
ouseandt
akecar
eofr
esour
cest
hrought
heuseofmedi
ain

t
hecl
assr
oom.I
naddi
ti
ont
olear
ninghowt
ouset
heI
nter
netI
nthecl
assr
oom

Ther
ear
emanyposi
ti
veef
fect
sofsoci
al,
buther
ear
esomenegat
iveef
fect
sincl
ude
medi
a

 Soci
almedi
ausei
nthecl
assr
oom canr
educef
ace-
to-
faceengagement

 Onl
i
nebul
l
yingonsoci
almedi
apl
atf
orms

 Di
str
ibut
ingof
fensi
vecont
entonsoci
almedi
apl
atf
orms

Musht
aq,
A.J.
,&Benr
aghda,
A.(
2018)Soci
almedi
auseamongt
hey
oungeragei
s

expandi
ngqui
ckl
ywor
ldwi
de.Soci
almedi
auseamongst
udent
sofcol
l
egeagei
s

pr
eval
ent
.Theywi
l
lther
efor
ehav
eani
mpactonst
udent
s'per
sonal
andpr
ofessi
onal

l
i
ves.

Si
ddi
qui
,S.
,&Si
ngh,
T.(
2016)Peopl
ecanexpr
esst
hei
rthought
sanddebat
ethei
r

i
ssuesonsoci
almedi
a;Peopl
emustf
ir
stunder
standwhatsoci
almedi
aisi
nor
dert
o

under
standi
tsf
eat
ures.Thr
oughaspeci
fi
cnet
wor
k,soci
almedi
aar
ecomput
er

t
echnol
ogi
est
hatenabl
epeopl
etoshar
eorexchangei
nfor
mat
ion,
ideas,
phot
ogr
aphs,

v
ideos,
andev
enmor
e.

Ov
ert
hepastf
ewy
ear
s,soci
almedi
ausagehasi
ncr
easedsi
gni
fi
cant
ly.Soci
almedi
a

usebyst
udent
sormember
soft
heeducat
ioncommuni
tyhassi
gni
fi
cant
lyi
ncr
easedi
n

addi
ti
ont
othatofwor
kingpeopl
e(RautandPat
il
,2016)
.Gi
vent
hei
rwi
despr
ead

accept
ance,
iti
snotsur
pri
singt
hatsoci
almedi
ahaschangedhowpeopl
eint
eractand

l
i
ve.Oneoft
hemostr
ecenti
nst
ancesofcommuni
cat
iont
echnol
ogyt
hatst
udent
shav
e

wi
del
yadopt
edi
ssoci
alnet
wor
kingwebsi
tesl
i
keFacebook.Asar
esul
t,t
hese

pl
atf
ormshav
etheabi
l
ityt
oboostst
udent
s'academi
ccommuni
cat
ionsand

col
l
abor
ati
onswi
tht
eacher
s.(
SudhaandKav
itha,
2016)
.Accor
dingt
oHasnai
n,Nasr
een,
andI
jaz(
2015)
,inwest
ernenv
ironment
s,st
udent
smost
lyusesoci
almedi
atoi
nter
act

wi
thi
nst
ruct
orsanddi
scussi
deast
headv
ancementoft
echnol
ogyandr
isei
nint
ernet

andsoci
almedi
ausagehav
ebecomear
egul
arpar
tofourl
i
ves.Soci
almedi
acanhel
p

st
udent
sandy
oungpeopl
egetknowl
edget
hatt
heycanuset
oenhancet
hei
racademi
c

accompl
i
shment
sifi
tisusedi
naposi
ti
veway
.

Thecur
rentst
udyi
sther
efor
eexpect
edt
obehel
pful
tounder
standmanyaspect
sof

soci
almedi
abutl
essi
nposi
ti
veandnegat
iveef
fect
sinBhakkaramongunder
graduat
es.

Soci
alnet
wor
kingsi
teshav
edr
awnal
otofat
tent
ionf
rom academi
csandeducat
ors,

accor
dingt
oSudhaandKav
itha(
2016)
,Theear
li
err
esear
ch,
howev
er,
wer
ecar
ri
edout

i
nnat
ionst
hatdi
ff
ergr
eat
lyf
rom Bhakkar
'si
nter
msofeducat
ion,
env
ironment
,and

r
eli
gion.

1.
2 Resear
chobj
ect
ives

 Toev
aluat
etheposi
ti
veef
fect
sofsoci
almedi
aforst
udent
satgr
aduat
ion

l
evel
inBhakkar
.

 Tof
indoutt
henegat
iveef
fect
sofsoci
almedi
aforst
udent
satgr
aduat
ion

l
evel
.

1.
3 Resear
chQuest
ions

 Whatar
etheposi
ti
veef
fect
sofsoci
almedi
aforst
udent
satgr
aduat
ionl
evel
?

 Whatar
ethenegat
iveef
fect
sofsoci
almedi
aforst
udent
satgr
aduat
ionl
evel
?
1.
4 Resear
chHy
pot
hesi
s

St
udent
swi
l
lbeabl
etounder
standt
heposi
ti
veandnegat
iveef
fect
sofsoci
al

medi
aforst
udent
satgr
aduat
ionl
evel
aft
ert
hei
nter
vent
ion.

1.
5 St
atementoft
hepr
obl
em

Thef
ir
stquest
ionposedi
nthi
sst
udy
,whi
chdeal
swi
tht
het
opi
cofsoci
almedi
a

ef
fi
cacy
,is,
"Forwhatnegat
ivei
mpact
sforst
udent
satgr
aduat
ionl
evel
."Whatbenef
ici
al

i
nfl
uencewi
l
lsoci
almedi
ahav
eonpupi
l
sist
hesecondquer
y.Soci
alnet
wor
kingsi
tes

ar
ejustasmal
lcomponentofhowst
udent
scommuni
cat
ewi
thoneanot
her
,accor
ding

t
oresear
chont
hissubj
ect
.Ther
efor
e,t
hegoal
oft
hisst
udyi
stoexami
net
hebenef
it
s

anddr
awbacksofsoci
almedi
auseamongst
udent
s.

1.
6 Si
gni
fi
canceoft
heSt
udy

Thi
sst
udycanbeagoodacademi
csour
cef
orr
esear
cher
s,t
eacher
sand

st
udent
sespeci
all
yinBhakkar
,wher
ether
eismor
epr
obabl
ynosuchl
i
ter
atur
e.Thi
s

r
esear
chwi
l
lbeasat
rust
edacademi
csour
ceandpav
ethewayf
orschol
ars,
lect
urer
s

andst
udent
stoknowt
heef
fect
sofsoci
almedi
a,andt
heef
fect
sont
he

under
graduat
es'
academi
cper
for
mances.I
twi
l
lrai
set
heawar
enessoft
hepeopl
e

aboutbot
hposi
ti
veandnegat
ivei
mpact
sofsoci
almedi
aforst
udent
sinBhakkar
.Itwi
l
l

al
soencour
agest
udent
stousesoci
almedi
abenef
ici
all
yasef
fect
ivecommuni
cat
ion

t
ool
saswel
laseducat
ional
medi
atoi
mpr
ovet
hei
rknowl
edgeandski
l
ls.Soci
almedi
a

hasbeenusedasani
nnov
ati
vemet
hodofeducat
ion.I
nst
eadofl
ear
ninghowt
out
il
ize
t
hesemedi
aforgood,
student
sshoul
dbet
aughthowt
ouset
hem bet
teri
neducat
ional

set
ti
ngswher
etheyar
enotj
ustbei
ngusedf
orchat
ti
ngort
ext
ing[
3].St
udent

col
l
abor
ati
onhasi
mpr
ovedi
nbot
hqual
i
tyandquant
it
ybecauset
osoci
almedi
a.

Thr
oughnumer
oussoci
almedi
apl
atf
ormsl
i
keFacebook,
Orkut
,Inst
agr
am,
andot
her
s,

st
udent
scanqui
ckl
yandeasi
l
ycommuni
cat
eorshar
einf
ormat
ionwi
thoneanot
her[
4].

Addi
ti
onal
l
y,i
tiscr
uci
alf
orst
udent
stocompl
etesomepr
act
ical
wor
kinaddi
ti
ont
o

t
hei
rcour
sewor
k.I
nor
dert
oimpr
ovet
hei
rknowl
edgeski
l
ls,
theycanal
sowr
it
ebl
ogs

f
ort
hemsel
vesandf
ort
eacher
s[3]
.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,soci
alnet
wor
kingsi
tesr
unonl
i
net
est
s

t
hatar
ecr
uci
alf
oradv
anci
ngpupi
l
s'under
standi
ng.Addi
cti
oni
sthemai
nnegat
ive

i
mpactofsoci
almedi
aregul
arl
ymoni
tor
ingf
orupdat
esonFacebook,
Twi
tt
er,
LinkedI
n,

andot
hersoci
almedi
a.Thi
saddi
cti
onmi
ghthav
eanegat
ivei
mpactonot
her

wor
thwhi
l
epur
sui
tsl
i
kepay
ingat
tent
ioni
ncl
ass,
par
ti
cipat
ingact
ivel
yinspor
ts,

negl
ect
ingr
eal
i
ty,
andav
oidi
ngr
eal
-wor
ldi
nter
act
ions.