10/24/2020 Einstein's Special Theory Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

Engineering Physics Questions and Answers –

Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity
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This set of Engineering Physics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Einstein’s
Special Theory of Relativity”.

1. As an object approaches the speed of light, it’s mass becomes _____________

a) Zero
b) Double
c) Remains Same
d) In nite

View Answer

Answer: d
m0
Explanation: We know, for an object in motion m=
2
V
√1−
2
c

Thus, as v = c, the quantity in denominator becomes zero. Hence the mass of the object becomes

in nite.

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2. If the sun radiates energy at the rate of 4 x 1026 Js-1, what is the rate at which its mass is
decreasing?
a) 5.54 x 109 kgs-1
b) 4.44 x 109 kgs-1
c) 3.44 x 109 kgs-1
d) 2.44 x 109 kgs-1

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: As we know from Einstein’s mass energy relation, E = mc2.
Therefore, ΔE= Δmc2
ΔE = 4 x 1026 Js-1, c = 3 x 108 ms-1.
Δm = 4 x 1026 Js-1/ 9 x 1016m2s-2
Δm = 4.44 x 109 kgs-1.

3. The orbit of mercury is changing slightly due to the sun’s gravity.

a) True
b) False

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: According to Einstein’s theory of relativity, a massive object distorted space and time.
Thus, due to the curvature of space-time around the massive sun, the orbit of mercury is shifting
gradually over time. 

4. According to Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity, laws of physics can be formulated based on
____________

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a) Inertial Frame of Reference

b) Non-Inertial Frame of Reference
c) Both Inertial and Non-Inertial Frame of Reference
d) Quantum State

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: One of the postulates of Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity states that all the
inertial frames are equivalent to the formulation of laws of physics. Thus, it is suitable for all the
inertial frames.

5. For Einstein’s relation, E2 – p2c2 = _____________

a) moc2
b) mo2c4
c) moc4
d) mo2c6

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: We know, E = mc2 and momentum, p = mv
Now, E2 – p2c2 = m2c4 – m2v2c2
m
Now, we know, m =
0

2
V
√1−
2
c

Therefore, E2 – p2c2 = m2c4(1-v2/c2)

=c4m2(1-v2/c2)
Using, m2(1-v2/c2) = mo2 we get
E2 – p2c2 = mo2c4.

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6. A frame of reference has four coordinates, x, y, z, and t is referred to as the_____________

a) Inertial frame of reference
b) Non-inertial frame of reference
c) Space-time reference
d) Four-dimensional plane

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Such a frame, having four coordinates of x, y, z and time t is called the space-time
frame. It plays a major role in Einstein’s special theory of relativity.

7. A man, who weighs 60 kg on earth, weighs 61 kg on a rocket, as measured by an observer on

earth. What is the speed of the rocket?
a) 2.5 X 108 m/s
b) 2.5 X 107 m/s
c) 5.5 X 107 m/s
d) 5.5 X 108 m/s

View Answer

Answer: c
m0
Explanation: Now, as we know m =
2
V
√1−
2
c

Here, m = 61 kg and m0 = 60 kg
−−−−−−
2

Therefore, 61/60 = 1/√1 − V

2
c

2 2 2
v /c = 1 – (60/61) = 121/3600
v = 11 X c/60 = 5.5 X 107 m/s.

8. The momentum of a photon having energy 1.00 X 10-17 J is ____________

a) 2.33 X 10-26 kg m/s
b) 3.33 X 10-26 kg m/s
c) 4.33 X 10-26 kg m/s
d) 5.33 X 10-26 kg m/s

View Answer


Answer: b
Explanation: Now, the rest mass of a photon is zero.
Therefore, it’s momentum, p = E/c

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10/24/2020 Einstein's Special Theory Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

= 1.00 X 10-17/3 X 108

= 3.33 X 10-26 kg m/s.

9. According to Einstein’s special theory of relativity, which of these objects should be the heaviest?

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D

View Answer

Answer: c
m0
Explanation: As we know, m =
2
V
√1−
2
c

Using this formula on all of the objects we get,

For object A: m = 1.127 m0
For object B: m = 2.197 m0
For object C: m = 3.034 m0
For object D: m = 0.70 m0
Hence, Object C has the highest mass.

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10. Which e ect is shown by the following gure?

a) Gravitational Redshift
b) Gravitational Blueshift
c) Gravitational Lensing
d) Gravitational force

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Gravitational lensing refers to the distribution of matter between the light source
and the observer such that it can bend the light coming from the source to the observer.
According to Einstein’s theory of special relativity, it happens because a massive object can alter

the space-time frame around itself.

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10/24/2020 Lorentz Transformation Equations Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

 

Engineering Physics Questions and Answers –

Lorentz Transformation Equations
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This set of Engineering Physics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Lorentz
Transformation Equations”.

1. A rod of length 5 m is moving at a speed of 0.6 c. To an observer sitting perpendicular to the

direction of motion, the length appears to be _______________
a) 5 m
b) 4 m
c) 3 m
d) 2 m

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In Lorentz Length transformation, there is no change in the dimensions of the
objects in the direction perpendicular to the direction of motion. Thus, to the observer, the length

remains the same.

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2. If an object reaches the speed of light, it’s length changes to ___________

a) In nite
b) Double of the value
c) Half of the value
d) Zero

View Answer

Answer: d
−−−−−
2

Explanation: We know, l = l0√1 − . Thus, as v tends to c, the length of the rod in motion
v
2
c

reduces to zero, which is physically impossible.

3. A 20-year-old person goes at a high speed in a rocket on his birthday. when he comes back to
earth after 1 earth year, he would be ___________
a) 1 year older
b) 2 years older
c) A few months older
d) Same age

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: When a person is going around at high speed, time dilation takes place. For that
person, the time starts running slowly. Thus, as 1 earth year has passed away but for that person,
it must have been only a few months.


4. The length of a rod seems shorter to an observer when it moves in a speci c direction. What
change would he observe when the direction of rod changes by 180o?
a) The rod becomes even smaller

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b) The length of the rod increases

c) The length of the rod remains the same
d) The rod has the length equal to its proper length

View Answer

Answer: c
−−−−−
2

Explanation: As we know, by Lorentz contraction, l = l0√1 − .

v
2
c

Thus, as it deals with the square of velocity, v, there is no e ect on the length of the rod by
changing the direction of the rod from v to -v.

5. An object of length 1 m is moving at speed 0.5c. To an observer at rest relative to the object, the
length of the object seems to be ___________
a) 0.86 m
b) 0.5 m
c) 1 m
d) 0.14 m

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The observer at rest relative to the object does not notice any kind of contraction of
length of the object. It is so because the scale with which he measures will also get contracted by
the same amount.

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6. How fast does a rocket have to move relative to an observer for its length to be contracted to 95%
of its original length?
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a) 0.5 c
b) 0.4 c
c) 0.3 c
d) 0.2 c

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: l = 0.95lo, v =?
−−−−−
2

l = l0√1 −
v
2
c

Putting values, we get,

−−−−−
2

0.95lo = l0√1 −
v
2
c

v2/c2 = 0.0975
v ≈ 0.3 c.

7. A cube with sides of proper length lo is viewed from a reference frame moving with velocity v,
parallel to an edge of the cube. The expression for the volume of the cube for the observer is
__________
a) Lo3
−−−−−
b) Lo3√1 −
2
v
2
c

c) Lo3(1 −
2
v 3/2
2
)
c

d) Lo3(1 −
2
v
2
)
c

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The rest volume of the cube is Lo3. However, as the observer is moving at a high
speed, one of the edges of the cube contracts. The rest of the edges, however, retain their proper
length.
−−−−−
Thus, the edge of the cube reduces to l0√1 −
2
v
2
c
−−−−−
Volume = Lo3√1 − .
2
v
2
c

8. A rod of length 1m moves with a speed of 0.5 c. How much length contraction takes place?
a) 50 %
b) 14 %
c) 10 %

d) 35 %

View Answer

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Answer: b
−−−−−
2

Explanation: We know, l = l0√1 −

v
2
c

Therefore, as v = 0.5 c and lo = 1 m we get,

L = 0.86 m
% contraction = (1 – 0.86)/1 X 100 %
= 14%.

9. A particle with a lifetime of 2 X 10-6 s moves through the laboratory with a speed of 0.9 c. It’s
lifetime, as measured by an observer in the laboratory, is ___________
a) 2 X 10-6 s
b) 3.2 X 10-6 s
c) 4.6 X 10-6 s
d) 5.4 X 10-6 s

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Δt0 = 2 X 10-6 s, v = 0.9c, Δt =?
Δt 0
Δt =
2
v
√1−
2
c

= 2 X 10-6 s/0.43
= 4.6 X 10-6s.

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10. All the given particles have a lifetime of 1 microsecond. Which of them will survive the longest?

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D

View Answer

Answer: c
Δt 0
Explanation: As we know, Δt =
2
v
√1−
2
c

Thus, as v approaches c, Δt approaches in nity.

Hence, the one with the maximum speed would survive the longest, as the time would be dilated
maximum for it.

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10/24/2020 Mass Energy Relation Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

 

Engineering Physics Questions and Answers –

Mass Energy Relation
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This set of Engineering Physics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Mass
Energy Relation”.

1. The basic theorem/principle used to obtain mass-energy relation is _____________

a) Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
b) Work-Energy Theorem
c) Momentum Conservation Theorem
d) Maxwell Theorem

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: To derive Einstein’s mass-energy relation, the basic principle used is Work-Energy
Theorem. It states that the kinetic energy of a moving body is equal to the work done by the
external force on the body from rest. 

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2. Which of the following is Einstein’s mass energy relation?

a) Ek = (m – m0)c2
b) E = mc2
c) E2 – p2c2 = m02c4
d) Ek = mv2/c2

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: E = mc2 is the famous Einstein mass-energy relation. It states a universal equivalence
between mass and energy.

3. For Pair Production phenomenon to occur to photon must have energy, greater than or equal to
____________
a) 0.51 MeV
b) 1.02 MeV
c) 0.32 MeV
d) 0.85 MeV

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In Pair Production, a proton with energy, greater than or equal to 1.02 MeV is
required to create a pair of electron and positron. 1.02 MeV is the minimum required energy for
their creation.

4. Which of the following is the momentum-energy relation? 

a) E2 – p2c2 = m02c2
b) E2 – p2c2 = m02c4
c) E2 – p2c2 = m02c3

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d) E2 – p2c2 = m0c2

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Einstein’s famous momentum-energy relation shows that a particle may have energy
and momentum even if its rest mass is zero, i.e., if m0 = 0.

5. In Relativistic case, as the velocity of the particle approaches the speed of light, the Kinetic energy
approaches ___________
a) Zero
b) Kinetic Energy as in Non-Relativistic case
c) Rest Energy
d) In nite

View Answer

Answer: d
m0
Explanation: In Relativistic case, the expression for Kinetic Energy is: Ek = ( 2
– m0 )c
2
v
√1−
2
c

Thus, as v -> c, v/c -> 1.

Thus, the Kinetic Energy approaches in nity, which would require an in nite amount of external
work.

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
6. If a star radiates energy at the rate of 5 x 1020 Js-1, what is the rate at which its mass is decreasing?
a) 5.54 x 109 kgs-1
b) 4.44 x 109 kgs-1

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c) 3.44 x 109 kgs-1

d) 2.44 x 109 kgs-1

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: As we know from Einstein’s mass energy relation, E = mc2.
Therefore, ΔE = Δmc2
ΔE = 5 x 1020 Js-1, c = 3 x 108 ms-1.
Δm = 5 x 1020 Js-1/ 9 x 1016m2s-2
Δm = 5.54 x 103 kgs-1.

7. What will be the rest energy of an electron?

a) 0.41 MeV
b) 0.51 MeV
c) 0.61 MeV
d) 0.71 MeV

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: We Know, rest energy = mc2
Here, m = 3.1 X 10-31 kg, c = 3 X 108 m/s
Therefore, E = 9.109 X 10-31 kg X 9 X 1016 m2/s2
= 8.198 X 10-14 J
= 0.51 MeV.

8. The binding energy of an electron to a proton (i.e., hydrogen atom) is 13.6 eV. The loss of mass in
the formation of one atom of hydrogen is _____________
a) 2.42 X 10-35 Kg
b) 3.34 X 10-35 Kg
c) 4.58 X 10-35 Kg
d) 5.19 X 10-35 Kg

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: E = 13.6 eV = 13.6 X 1.6 X 10-19 J
Using Einstein’s Mass-energy relation, the loss of mass Δm = E/c2
Δm = 13.6 X 1.6 X 10-19/9 X 1016

= 2.42 X 10-35 Kg.

9. The momentum of a photon having energy 10-17J is ____________

a) 1.11 X 10-26 Kg m/s
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b) 2.22 X 10-26 Kg m/s

c) 3.33 X 10-26 Kg m/s
d) 4.44 X 10-26 Kg m/s

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: We know that the rest mass of a photon is zero.
Therefore, from the momentum-energy relation
P = E/c = 10-17/3 X 108
= 3.33 X 10-26 Kg m/s.

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10. Which phenomenon is shown in the gure?

a) Pair Production
b) Photoelectric E ect
c) Compton e ect
d) Pair annihilation

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In the gure, an electron and a positron annihilate each other and release the
equivalent amount of energy. This process is called Pair annihilation.

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10/24/2020 Relativity Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

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Engineering Physics Questions and Answers –

Law of Addition of Velocities
« Prev Next »

This set of Engineering Physics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Law of
Addition of Velocities”.

1. Two particles approach each other with a speed 0.8 c with respect to the laboratory. Their relative
speed is ___________
a) 0.912 c
b) 0.95 c
c) 0.975 c
d) 0.85 c

View Answer

Answer: c
‘

Explanation: ux =
u +v

‘
u v
1+
2
c

= 0.6c/1.64
= 0.975 c.

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2. What would be the mass of the body at rest, if it explodes into two objects of mass 2 kg each
moving with a speed 0.8c relative to the original body?
a) 4 Kg
b) 5.4 Kg
c) 6.2 Kg
d) 6.7 Kg

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: E0 = mc2 = γm1c2 + γm2c2
2

E0 =
2mC

2
1−v
√
2
C

2
m = E/c
m=
2X2

√1−0.64

m = 6.67 Kg.

3. In the case v << c, Lorentz transformation is the same as ____________

a) Einstein’s transformation
b) Galilean transformation
c) Maxwell’s transformation
d) Planck’s transformation

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: At v << c, ux = u’x+ v
Uy = uy’, which is the same as Galilean transformations.

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4. When a particle is moving with a velocity of light c relative to S, its velocity as observed by an
observer in the frame S’ is _____________
a) Zero
b) 0.5 c
c) 0.75 c
d) c

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: As the particle moves with a speed c, u = c.
Therefore, u’ = =c
C −v
v
1−
C

Hence, the velocity as observed by the observer in frame S’ is still c.

5. Lorentz transformations are based on the principle of consistency of the velocity of light.
a) True
b) False

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In Lorentz transformation, if the particle is moving with the velocity of light in a
frame, it’s velocity as observed from another frame remains c. This proves that Lorentz
transformation is based on the principle of consistency of light.

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6. In Lorentzian relativity, if two events are simultaneous for one observer, they will be simultaneous
for all other observers as well.
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a) True
b) False

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In Newtonian and Galilean relativity, the above-stated condition is followed.
However, in Lorentzian relativity, if two events occur simultaneously at the instant t at x1 and x2,
then the two events are not simultaneous.

7. For u’ < c and v < c the equation becomes ____________

‘

a) u =
u +v

‘
u v

2
c
‘

b) u =
u +v

‘
1+u v
‘

c) u = 1+
u v
2
c

d) u = u’ + v

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In this case, u’< c and v < c
Therefore, u’v < c2
u’v/c2 < 1
‘

Thus the equation u = changes to

u +v

‘
u v
1+
2
c

u = u’ + v.

8. From the graph, what should be the velocity as observed from frame S?

a) 0.6 c
b) 0.7 c
c) 0.8 c
d) 0.9 c

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Answer: c
‘

Explanation: Now, ux =
u +v

‘
u v
1+
2
c

Here, u’ = 0.4 c and v = 0.6 c

Therefore, ux = c/1 + 0.24
= 0.8 c.

9. Two particles approach each other with a velocity of 0.9 c. What is their relative velocity as
observed by A?
a) 0.9 c
b) 0
c) 0.99 c
d) 0.94 c

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: u’ = 0.9c, v = 0.9c
‘

ux =
u +v

‘
u v
1+
2
c

= 1.8c/1.81
= 0.99 c.

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10. An atom A, moving relative to the observer, with velocity 2 X 108m/s emits a particle B which
moves with a velocity of 2.8 X 108m/s with respect to the atom. The velocity of the emitter particle
relative to the scientist is _____________
a) 0.8 X 108m/s
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b) 2.4 X 108m/s
c) 3 x 108m/s
d) 2.95 X 108m/s

View Answer

Answer: d
‘

Explanation: Now we know, ux =

u +v

‘
u v
1+
2
c

8
Here, u’ = 2.8 X 10 m/s
u = 2 X 108m/x
ux = ?
ux = 4.8/ (1 + 5.6/3) X 108m/s
= 2.95 X 108m/s.

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 

Engineering Physics Questions and Answers –

Mass Variation with Velocity
« Prev Next »

This set of Engineering Physics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Mass
Variation with Velocity”.

1. The lowest possible mass of a particle is its _____________

a) Relativistic mass
b) Inertial mass
c) Gravitational mass
d) Rest mass

View Answer

Answer: d
m0
Explanation: We know the relation, m =
2
v
√1−
2
c

Thus, the minimum velocity one can acquire is zero. For that, the expression reduces to m = m0. 
Thus, rest mass is the lowest possible mass of a particle.

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2. The rest mass of a photon is equal to ___________

a) Gravitational mass
b) Relativistic mass
c) Inertial mass
d) Zero

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: A photon is de ned as a quantum of energy. It travels with the sped of light and is
said to have no rest mass.

3. If the direction of velocity is changed by 180o simultaneously, the mass would _____________
a) Change simultaneously
b) Not Change
c) Increase
d) Decrease

View Answer

Answer: b
m0
Explanation: As we know, the relation for mass variation with velocity is m = .
2
v
√1−
2
c

As we can see, it depends on the square of the velocity. Thus, changing the direction of velocity
would not e ect it.

4. Which basic law is used for the derivation of mass variation with velocity?
a) Law of conservation of Energy
b) Law of conservation of Kinetic Energy

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c) Law of conservation of Momentum

d) Law of conservation of mass

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The law of conservation of momentum is used for the derivation of the formula. It is
assumed that two particles in a frame collides elastically and are rebounded.

5. The speed of light is a limiting velocity, unattainable by a material body.

a) True
b) False

View Answer

Answer: a
m0
Explanation: The velocity of light is the limiting velocity. From the expression, m = , as the
2
v
√1−
2
c

velocity of the object approaches the speed of light, it’s relativistic mass approaches in nity. Thus,
the speed of light is unattainable by a material body. Only those with zero rest mass, i.e., photons,
can attain the speed of light.

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6. Which of the following graph shows the correct variation of mass with velocity?

a)

b)


c)

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10/24/2020 Velocity Mass Variation Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

d)

View Answer

Answer: c
m0
Explanation: We know the relation m =
2
v
√1−
2
c

Thus, according to it, the below graph shows the correct variation of mass with velocity.

7. At what speed the mass of an object would be double its value at rest?
a) √2 c
b) c/√2
c) √3c/2
d) 2c/√3

View Answer

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10/24/2020 Velocity Mass Variation Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

Answer: c
m0
Explanation: Using the relation, m =
2
v
√1−
2
c

m0
Here, m = 2m0. Therefore, 2 m0. =
2
v
√1−
2
c

4(1 – v2/c2) = 1
V = √3 c/2.

8. A man, who weighs 60 kg on earth, weighs 61 kg on a rocket, as measured by an observer on

earth. What is the speed of the rocket?
a) 2.5 X 108 m/s
b) 2.5 X 107 m/s
c) 5.5 X 107 m/s
d) 5.5 X 108 m/s

View Answer

Answer: c
m0
Explanation: Now, as we know m =
2
v
√1−
2
c

Here, m = 61 kg and m0 = 60 kg
−−−−−
2

Therefore, 61/60 = 1/√√1 −

v
2
c

2 2 2
v /c = 1 – (60/61) = 121/3600
v = 11 X c/60 = 5.5 X 107 m/s.

9. An object of rest mass 6 Kg is moving with a speed of 0.8c. Its e ective mass is ____________
a) 6 Kg
b) 8 Kg
c) 10 Kg
d) 12 Kg

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: We know the relation, m =
m0

2
v
√1−
2
c

Now, here v = 0.8 c

Therefore, v2/c2 = 0.64
Hence, 1 -v2/c2 = 0.36 
Thus, the expression reduces to = 6/0.6 Kg
= 10 Kg.

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10/24/2020 Velocity Mass Variation Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

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10. A body is initially at rest. It explodes into two objects of mass 1 Kg and 2 Kg moving with a speed
of 0.6 times the speed of velocity each. What would be the mass of the original body at rest?
a) 2 Kg
b) 2.5 Kg
c) 3.5 Kg
d) 3.75 Kg

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: E0 = mc2 = γm1c2 + γm2c2
2 2

E0 =
m1C m2C
+
2 2
v v
√1− √1−
2 2
c c

m = E/c2
Therefore, m =
m1+m2

2
v
√1−
2
c

m = 3/0.8
m = 3.75 Kg.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Engineering Physics.

To practice all areas of Engineering Physics, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions
and Answers. 

Participate in the Sanfoundry Certi cation contest to get free Certi cate of Merit. Join our social
networks below and stay updated with latest contests, videos, internships and jobs!

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