Grade 10 Mathematics

Fractions

Numerator
A fraction is a division of two numbers ( ).
Denominator

LCM (Least Common Multiplier) :- The LCM of a set of numbers is the smallest number which could be
divided by the set of numbers.

Method 1:- Write the multipliers of each number and select the smallest common number appear on all
tables.
Activity 1:-
a. Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______,
Multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______,
 LCM of 3 and 4 is ______
b. Multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______,
Multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______,
LCM of 8 and 12 is ______
c. Multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______,
Multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______,
Multiples of 15 are 15, 30, 45, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______,
LCM of 6, 12 and 15 is ______
d. Find LCM of 3, 8, 12 and find the LCM of 4, 6, 8 by writing multiples.
Note:- As we may have to write many multiples this method is not suitable for large numbers.

Method 2:- Divide all numbers by the same number (if not divisible write the number itself)
Eg. 4 4, 8, 12 5 15, 30, 45
2 1, 2, 3 3 3, 6, 9
3 1, 1, 3 2 1, 2, 3
1, 1, 1 3 1, 1, 3
 LCM = 4 X 2 X 3 = 24 1, 1, 1
 LCM = 5 X 3 X 2 X 3 = 90
Exercise 1 :- Find the LCM of a. 3, 8 and 12 b. 4, 6 and 8 c. 14, 49 and 63 d. 25, 45 and 60 by
dividing.

Method 3:- Factorise all numbers completely in to prime factors. Select one common factor from all
common factors. Select other factors. Multiply all factors selected.
Eg. 4 = 2X2 15 = 3X5
8 = 2X2X2 30 = 2 X 3 X 5
12 = 2 X 2 X 3 45 = 3 X 3 X 5
 LCM = 2 X 2 X 2 X 3 = 24  LCM = 2 X 3 X 3 X 5 = 90

pg. 1 P.M.Perera (B.Sc.,M.Sc)

Exercise 2 :- Find the LCM of numbers in the exercises 1 by using prime factors.
Adding or Subtracting Fractions :- Convert all denominators to same value and then add or subtract the
numerators.
Exercise 3 :-
1. Fill in the blanks to get equivalent factors.
3 2 5 1
a) = b) = c) = d) 2=
7 21 9 45 20 11

2. Simplify as much as possible

1 4 8 2 1 1 3 4
a) + b) − c) + d) −
7 7 9 9 2 3 5 15
2 4 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
e) + f) 1 +2 g) 11 −2 h) 2 −1 +
7 3 3 4 6 8 3 5 2
1 2 1 3 1 1 5 1 5
i) +1+ j) 2 − −1 k) 4−1 + l) 7 −3−
4 3 6 5 2 5 6 3 8
Multiplying Fractions :- First divide any numerator and any denominator by common factors. Then multiply
numerators separately and multiply denominators separately.
Exercise 4 :- Multiply and simplify as much as possible
1 4 8 3 1 2 3 15
a) × b) × c) × d) ×
7 7 9 4 2 5 5 18
2 4 14 1 3 5 13 3 24 1 3 5
e) × × f) 1 ×2 × g) ×2 × h) 2 ×1 ×
7 3 18 3 4 22 6 8 57 3 5 7
1 2 1 3 1 1 5 1 3 5
i) ×2 × 4 j) 2 × × 2 k) 4 ×1 × l) 7 × ×
4 3 6 5 2 5 6 3 11 8
Dividing Fractions :- First convert the fraction after the division sign to its reciprocal. Then multiply factors as
above.
Exercise 5 :- Divide and simplify as much as possible
1 3 8 4 1 1 3 15
a) ÷ b) ÷ c) ÷ d) ÷
7 14 9 5 2 4 5 4
2 4 14 1 3 5 13 3 26 1 3 5
e) ÷ × f) 1 ×2 ÷ g) ÷2 ÷ h) 2 ÷1 ÷
7 3 18 3 11 22 6 8 57 3 5 16
Mixed Operations with Fractions :- Use BODMAS to get the order of operations.
Exercises 6 :-
1. Simplify as much as possible
14 1 4 8 3 2 1 1 6 3 4 4
a) × + b) × − c) + × d) − ÷
3 7 7 9 16 9 2 3 5 5 15 5
2 4 8 4 1 3 6 1 1 3 15 1 3 1
e) + × ÷ f) (1 +2 )× g) ÷ + ÷ h) (2 −1 )÷
7 3 9 5 3 4 13 2 4 5 4 3 5 2

i)
3 1 2
( + )
5 4 3 (
j) 2 −
1
6
3
5) 1
2
1
÷ 1 +(2 )
3
k) 4 ÷ ¿)
1 5
l) (7 − ) ÷(3 −2 )
3 8
1
6
3
8
2. There are 24 hours in a day and scientists tell us that we should sleep for 3/8 of the day. How
much time should we spend sleeping?
3. The National History Museum has collected 125 dinosaurs. George has collected 3/5 of this amount.
How many dinosaurs has George collected?

pg. 2 P.M.Perera (B.Sc.,M.Sc)

4. Mr Murrin is 160cm tall and his brother Tom is 7/8 as tall as him. How tall is Tom?
0
5. The weather forecaster says that it is 20 C in London but only 7/10 as hot in New York. How hot is
it in New York?
6. Skateboards cost Rs. 4500/= each in my local store. The shopkeeper says if I buy one I can buy
another for only 7/9 of the normal price. How much would a second skateboard cost ?
7. There are 25 pupils in the class, 3/5 of the pupils like cricket and the remainder like Net ball. How
many pupils like Net ball?
8. The local shop normally sells Mars bars for Rs. 200/=. The shopkeeper says I can buy them for 1/4 less
than the normal price. How much can I buy a Mars bar for?

pg. 3 P.M.Perera (B.Sc.,M.Sc)