OCR Maths FP1

Topic Questions from Papers

Proof by Induction

Answers


PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (iii) M= ⎛ 23 ⎞ M1 t CD )
Attempt to find DC (noPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 01 ⎠ A1 2 Obtain given answer

B1 Explicit check for n = 1or n = 2

1 (iv)
MT
k k
Mk = ⎛ 2 3(2 – 1) ⎞ M1 Induction hypothesis that result is true for Mk
4725 ⎜ ⎟ . Mark Scheme January 2006
⎝ 0 1 ⎠ M1 Attempt to multiply MMk or vice versa
Mark
k + 1Total
k+1
⎛ 3(2 – 1) ⎞ A1 Element 3(2k+1 –1) derived correctly
⎜2 ⎟ . A1 All other elements correct
⎝ 02 1 ⎠
1. (i) 2 + 16i –i –8i M1
A1 Attempt
6 to multiply
Explicit correctly
statement of induction conclusion
10 +15i A1 2 Obtain correct answer
(ii) M1 Multiply numerator & denominator by conjugate
12
A1 Obtain denominator 5
1 (Q9, June 2005)
(10 + 15i) or 2 + 3i A1ft 3 Their part (i) or 10 + 15i derived again / 5
5
5
2
2. 2 1
1 = ×1×2×3 B1 Show result true for n = 1or 2
6
1 2
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) + (n + 1) M1 Add next term to given sum formula, any letter OK
6
DM1 Attempt to factorise or expand and simplify

1
(n + 1)(n + 2){2(n + 1) + 1} A1 Correct expression obtained
6 5
A1 Specific statement of induction conclusion, with no
5 errors seen

MT
3. 54
(i) (Q2, Jan 2006)
4725 Mark Scheme June 2006
⎡ 21 ⎤ ⎡ 11 ⎤ ⎡ 12 ⎤ M1 Show correct expansion process, allow sign slips
2⎢ ⎥ –1⎢ ⎥ +3⎢ ⎥
3 ⎣(i)1 3 ⎦
7. ⎣ 13 ⎦ ⎣ 11 ⎦ M1 Attempt at matrix multiplication
2 x 5 – 1 x 2 +3 x -1 A1
3 Obtain correct (unsimplified) expression
5 A1 Obtain correct answer

A2 = ⎛ 4 0 ⎞ A3 = ⎛ 8 0 ⎞
B1ft that MAis2 non-singular as det M non-zero,
(ii) A1 1 StateCorrect ft
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ A1 3 their determinant
Correct A3
⎝ 01 ⎠ ⎝ 01 ⎠ 4
4.
2 B1 u + 2 squared and cubed correctly
u + 4u + 4 n
(ii) A = ⎛ 2 0 ⎞ n B1 1 Sensible conjecture made
⎜ ⎟
3 2
⎝ 0+ 18 ⎠
u + 6u + 12u B1 State that conjecture is true for n = 1 or 2
M1 Attempt to multiply An and A or vice versa
(iii) A1 Obtain correct matrix
M1
A1 4 Substitute
Statementthese and attempt
of induction to simplify
conclusion
3
A1 8 Obtain u – 5 = 0 or equivalent

8. u (i) 3 Correct solution to their equation

= 5 A1ft
(Q7, June 2006)
3 M1 Correct expansion process shown
x =2+ 5 A1ft Obtain 2 + their answer
[ Decimals score 0/2 of final A expression
marks]
⎡ a0 ⎤ ⎡ 10 ⎤ ⎡ 1a ⎤ A1
5
Obtain correct unsimplified
a⎢ ⎥ –4⎢ ⎥ +2⎢ ⎥
⎣ 21 ⎦ ⎣ 11 ⎦ ⎣ 12 ⎦
5
2
a – 2a A1 3 Obtain correct answer

(ii) M1 Solve their det M = 0

 ordinates or complex numbers
7 shown
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

6.4 (i) B1 Correct expression for un+1

M1 Attempt to expand and simplify

un+1 – un = 2n +4 A1 3 Obtain given answer correctly

PMT
(ii) B1 State u1 = 4 ( or u2 = 10 )and is
divisible by 2
M1 State induction hypothesis true for
4725 Mark Scheme June 2007
M1 un
PMT
1 EITHER M1 A1 Use trig toAttempt
find an toexpression
use resultfor
in a(ii)
(or b)
a=2 A1 Obtain correct answer
4725 M1 Mark Scheme
A1 Attempt
5 toCorrect
find other value reached
conclusion January 2008
for un+1
A1 Obtain correct answer a.e.f.
b = 2 3, M1 (Allow
8 3.46 )
Clear,explicit statement of induction
6 (i) OR M1 B1 State 2 equations
conclusion
Horizontal for aline
straight andinb 2 quadrants
7. (i) 2α + β = – 5 αβ = 10 A1 A1B1 B1 4B1 Through
2 State (0, 2)
correct values
B1 Attempt
Straight solve these equations (Q6, Jan 2007)
to line
= 2 2 b = 22 3
a(ii) B1 M1 Obtain
Throughcorrect answers
O with a.e.f.
positive
β)
2
– slope
α +β =5 B1
Use
4 5 SRIn ±1 scores
st (α +
A1 only
quadrant only
2αβ
(ii) A1 2 Obtain given answer correctly, using
25 3 1 2 2 B1 B1 Show
Stateresult true for
or obtain n=1
algebraically that y = 2
(1 = ) × 1 × 2 value of -5
2 3 + 42 i M1 Use suitable trigonometry
Product of roots = 1
(iii) M1 A1 B1 3 Add next term
Obtain to answer
correct given sum formula
a.e.f. decimals OK must
1 2 2 3 M1(indep) 8 Attempt to factorise
be a complex and simplify
number
n (n + 1) + (n + 1) Attempt to find sum of roots
7 (i) 4 A1 M1 M1 Use det
Correct A = 0 obtained convincingly
expression
a = -6 A1 A1 5 2 Obtain correct answer
1 Obtain 5 or equivalent
(n + 1) (n⎛ 1+ 2)
2
− 23 ⎞ A1 Specific statement10of induction conclusion
(ii) 4 A-1 = a +1 6 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ B1 Both diagonals correct
x 2 − 12 x ⎝+21 = 0a ⎠ B1ft B1ft 4 Write
Divide by det Adown required quadratic
5
equation, -1
3 3Σr – 3Σr
2
+ Σ1 M1 M1 Consider
8 the
Premultiply sum oforthree
column any multiple.
separate
by A , no terms
other
(Q2, method
June 2007)
x = a +4 6 , y = 2a −+a6 Obtain correct answers from their A -1

A1ft Correct formula stated

1 2
A1 A1ft 5
3Σr = n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
2 7
86 (i) 3 M1 Obtain next terms
3Σr = u3n(n
u2 = 4, = 9,+u1)
4 = 16 A1 A1 Correct
2 All termsformula stated
correct
2
(ii) un = n2 A1 B1 1 Correct termconjecture
Sensible seen made
Σ1 = n M1 Attempt to simplify
(iii)n3 A1 B1 21 6 Obtain
Stategiven answer correctly
that conjecture is true for n = 1 or 2
M1 Find un+1 in terms of n
A1 6 Obtain ( n + 1 )2
4 B1 A1 4 Transpose
Statement of Induction
leading diagonalconclusion
and negate other
(i) 1 ⎛ 5 –1⎞ 7 diagonal or solve sim. eqns. to get 1st column
9 2 ⎜ ⎟ B1 2 Divide by the determinant or solve 2(Q8, nd
pairJan
to 2008)
3⎝ – 3 1 ⎠ 2 nd
(i) α + 3α β + 3αβ + β 3
2 M1 2 column
getCorrect binomial expansion seen
A1 2 Obtain given answer with no errors seen
(ii)
M1 Attempt to use B-1A-1 or find B
B1 B1 Attempt at use
State or matrix multiplication
correct values
(ii) Either
1 ⎛ α2+ β0 = 5⎞, αβ = 7 M1(indep) 4 One element correct, a.e.f,
2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 23 – 53 ⎠ 6 All elements correct, a.e.f.
α + β = 20
3
A1ft M1 NBFind
ft consistent for α(i)3 + β 3
with their
numeric value
A1 Obtain correct answer
A1ft
M1 Use new sum and product correctly in
6 quadratic expression
A1ft Obtain correct equation
x2 – 20x + 343 = 0 8 1

Substitute x = u 3
 A1 Correct answer a.e.f.
4 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

47 B1 Establish result is true, for n = 1 ( or 2 or 3 )

M1 Attempt to multiply A and An, or vice versa
M1 Correct process for matrix multiplication
A1 Obtain 3n + 1, 0 and 1
A1 Obtain ½(3n + 1 – 1)
A1 Statement of Induction conclusion, only
if 5 marks earned, but may be in body of
working
MT
MT 6

(Q4, June 2008)

9. a 1 1 1 1 a M1 Correct expansion process shown

(i) a A1 Obtain correct unsimplified
1 2 1 2 1 1
78 (i) 13 n + 6 n −1 + 13 n +1 + 6 n B1 Correct expression seen
expression
2a 2 2a M1 17 A1 3Attempt to factorise both terms in (i)
(ii) A1 3 Obtain correct
Obtain expression
correct answer
(ii) B1 M1 Check that result is true for n =1 ( or 2)
a = 0 or 1 B1 A1ft Recognise
Equatethat
their(i)det
is divisible
to 0 by 7
B1 A1ft 3Deduce
Obtain u n+1 is divisible
thatcorrect answers, by 7
ft solving a
B1 4 Clearquadratic
statement of Induction conclusion
7
8 (i)(iii) (a) M1 B1 B1 Equations
Expand at leastconsistent, but non
1 of the brackets unique
(Q7, Jan 2009)
A1 2 solutions
Derive given answer correctly
(b) B1 Correct equations seen &
(ii) α + β = 6k , αβ = k 2 B1 B1 B1 4Stateinconsistent,
or use correctnovalues
solutions
M1 Find value of α − β using (i)
10
10.
9 i) α − β = (4 2 )k A1 M1 Attempt
Obtain given to findcorrectly
value next 2 terms
( allow if –6k
u 2 = 7 u 3 =19 A1 Obtain
used ) correct answers
A1 4 3 Show given result correctly
(iii)
(ii)
∑ α ' = 6k B1ft
M1
Sum of new roots stated or used
Expression involving a power of 3
u = 2(3n – 1 )+ 1 M1 A1 Obtain
2Express newcorrect answer
α 'nβ ' = αβ − (α − β ) − 1 product in terms of old roots

(iii) A1ft B1ft Verify

Obtain result
correct truefor
value newnproduct
when = 1 or n = 2
α ' β ' = k 2 − (4 2 )k − 1 M1 Expression for u n +1 using recurrence
u n2+1 = 3(2(3n –21)+1) – 2 B1ft Writerelation
x − 6kx + k − (4 2 )k − 1 = 0 A1 4
down correct quadratic equation
Correct unsimplified answer
n
u n +1 = 2(3 ) + 1 A1 10 Correct answer in correct form
9 (i) M1 B1 Statement
Use correct of induction conclusion
denominator
A1 2 5Obtain given answer correctly
10
(ii) M1 Express terms as differences using
(Q10, (i) 2009)
June
st
M1 Do this for at least 1 3 terms
A1 First 3 terms all correct
A1 Last 3 terms all correct ( in terms or n or r)
1 + 13 − 1
2 n −1
− 1
2 n +1
M1 Show pairs cancelling
A1 6 Obtain correct answer, a.e.f.( in terms of n)
4
(iii) 3 B1ft 1 Given answer deduced correctly, ft their (ii)
9
 11
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

10 (i)
10
B1 Correct M2 seen
1 4 1 6
M2 = M3 = M1 Convincing attempt at matrix
0 1 0 1
multiplication for M3
MT A1 3 Obtain correct answer
MT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 2n
(ii) Mn = B1ft 1 State correct form, consistent with (i)
4725 0 1 Mark Scheme January 2010
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4725 Mark Scheme January 2011
10 (iii) M1 Correct attempt to multiply M & Mk
or v.v.
A1 Obtain element 2( k + 1 )
1 (i) (7 9 ) B1B1
A1 2 Each Clearelement
statementcorrect
of induction step, from
correct
SC (7,9)working
scores B1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B1 4 Clear statement of induction conclusion,
(ii) (18) 19 B1* following
Obtain correcttheir working
value
PMT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
depB1 2 Clearly given as a matrix
(iv) B1 Shear
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Q10, Jan 2010)
12 − 4 DB1 x-axis invariant
(iii)
6 −2
M1
DB1 3 Obtain e.g. ( 1,2 1× )2 →
matrix
( 21, 1 ) or equivalent
using scale factor or angles
A1 Obtain 2 correct elements
111 11 3 Establish
B1
A1 result
Obtain other true forelements
2 correct n = 1or n = 2
M1
7 Add next term to given sum formula
M1 Attempt to factorise or expand and
simplify to correct expression
2. (i) – 12 +13i B1B1 2 Correct
A1 Real and expression
imaginaryobtained
parts correct
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A1 5 Specific statement of induction
PMT (ii) B1 z* seen
conclusion
M1 Multiply by w*
5
27 14
− i A1 Obtain correct real part or numerator
37 37
A1 4 Obtain correct imaginary part (Q1, June 2010)
or denom.
2 (i) (−7 ) M1 Obtain a single
Sufficient value
working must be shown
A1
6 2 Obtain correct answer as a matrix
4 4a
1 (i) B1 3B seen or implied
12 0
3 12 (ii) 5 −20 M1
B1*
B1 Obtain
Establish
2 elements ×correct
a 2 result
2 matrix
true for n = 1 or 2
BA =
3 − 12 M1*
B1 3 Use given
Other result incorrect,
2 elements recurrence
a.e.f.,relation in a
A1 relevant
All way
elements
including correct
brackets
n
A1* Obtain 2 + 1 correctly
−7 −20
depA1 4 Specific statement of induction conclusion
11 − 20 B1 4C seen or implied by correct answer
4 4a 3a
(ii) 4M1 Sensible attempt at matrix multiplication
4 1 B1ft 4 Obtain correct answer, ft for a slip in BA
for AB or BA
4 Either B1 Correct value for r stated(Q3,
or used
Jan 2011)
A1 62 Obtain correct answer
M1 Express as sum of two series
a 2 bn 5
n ( n + 1) 2 + (n + 1) A1 Obtain correct unsimplified answer
3 4 Either 2 M1 Express as a sum of 3 terms
2 13 M1
M1
B1 Compare
Use
Establish coefficients
standard sum
result ornsubstitute
results
true for = 1 or 2 values
M1* for
Addn next term to given sum formula
a = 42 nb(n=+–1)(42n + 1) − 2n(n + 1) + n A1
DM1A1 6 Obtain
Combinecorrect
with answers
correctanswer
denominator
Or 3 A1 Correct unsimplified
A1 Obtain correct expression convincingly
M1
A1 5 Use 2 values
Specific for n of induction conclusion,
statement
a + b = 0 4a + b = 12 A1 A1 Attempt
M1 Obtain to factorise
correct
st equations
provided 1 4 marks earned
A1
5
Obtain at least factor of n and a
1 M1 Solve simultaneous
quadratic equations
a = 43 nb( 2=n –− 14)(2n + 1) A1 A1
A1 Obtaincorrect
6 Obtain correct answer
answersa.e.f.
3 k2 16 Or B1 Obtain correct det
(Q2, June 2011)
6
2n n M1 Equate their det to 0
k 4 r2 −4 r2 A1
M1 3 Express
Obtain as difference
correct answersof 2 r2 series
5 r =1 r =1 B1 (A-1)-1 = A seen or implied
3
 4725 Mark Scheme January 2012
PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Question Answer Marks Guidance

7
14 (i) M1 Attempt at matrix multiplication
Question Answer MarksA1 Obtain M2 correctly Guidance
A1 Obtain given answer correctly
EITHER
[3]
3 M1 Use sum of root and conjugate
a = –8 A1 Obtain correct answer
7 (ii) 3n 0 M1 B1 Use 3product of correct
elements root and conjugate
b n= 25 A1 B1 Obtain th correct answer
4 element correct
3 1 1
[4]
[2]
OR
M1 Substitute 4 + 3i or conjugate into equation
7 (iii) M1 B1 Equate
Show real andtheir
that imaginary
result isparts
true for n = 1 or 2
a = –8 A1 M1 Obtain correct
Attempt find Mk .M or vice versa
to answer
b =3k25
1
0 A1 A1 Obtain correct
Obtain answer
correct answer
4 3k 1
1 1 M1 Express as sum of 3 series
PMT M1 B1 UseComplete
standard series results, at least 1 conclusion
correct
statement of induction Must have 1st 3 marks
A1 [4] Two terms correct
1 3
4725 2
n( n 1)(2 n 1) 2
n( n 1) 2 n A1 MarkThird term correct
Scheme January 2013
M1 Obtain factor of n
(i)
8 Question Answer M1
Marks Combine with a common denominator Guidance (Q7, Jan 2012)
n( n 2 1) A2
A1
Obtain correct answer c.a.o.
Obtain given answerexpansion
correctly
9 (i) M1 Attempt at complete
[2] 1
A1 AllowObtain
A1 correct
for unsimplified
2
answer
A1 2 ( 2 n 2correctly
)
8 (ii) M1 Obtain termsanswer
Expressgiven using (i)
[7][3]
A1 At least 1st two and last two correct
15
5
9 (ii)
n
Either
B1
M1
Verify result true when n = 1
Show terms cancelling
n 1 M1* Add next(anywhere)
State term in series correct values for , ,
B1
p, 4, 3 DepM1 A1 Attempt
Obtainto correct
obtain answer, in terms of n
correctly
A1M1 [4] Show
Express givenworking
sufficient expression as a single
to justify fraction
correct
A1 expression
Obtain correct expression using (i)
PMT
B1M1 Clear Usestatements
their values of for sum ofprocesses,
Induction roots etc. in
buttheir
1st expression
16 6 p A1 4 marks
Obtainmust
correct
all beanswer
earned.
4725 9 [5] Mark Scheme June 2013
[5]
Or 7 (Q5, June 2012)
Question Answer B1 MarksUse substitution 1 / u Guidance
9u 3 (6 p 16)u 2 (8 p 2 )u 1 0 M1
1 M1Rearrange
Use correct trig expression
appropriately and square out
A1 Obtain correct co-efficients 3 2
√316 6 p M1 A1Use (+/-)b/a
Obtain correct answer of u and u
from their cubic
9 A1 M1Obtain Correct expression for modulus
correct answer
2√3 A1FT Obtain correct answer aef
10
16 (i) 2 2 2 B1 B1 x 3, Obtain 3 correct values
3 – , 3i , B1FT Correct conjugate seen or implied
3 5 7 B1
–√3 i B1 B1FT Correct
Justify given answer
answer
[3] [6]
2
10 (i)
(ii) 7 223 M1 B1B1 Eachinelement
Fraction, terms ofcorrect,
n, withmissing
correct brackets
numerator B1oronly
denominator
2n 1 A1 [2]Obtain correct answer a.e.f.
2 (ii) 6 15 [2] M1 Obtain 2 × 2 matrix
10 (iii) 2 B1ft A1VerifyObtain
result 2true whenelements
correct n = 1, for their (ii), or n = 2, 3 or 4
4 10
2( n 1) 1 M1 A1Expression
Obtainfor un +21 using
other correctrecurrence
elements relation in terms of n using their (ii)
det CB = 0 A1 A1FT Obtain
Correct their det answer
unsimplified CB, must be a 2 × 2 matrix
singular A1 A1FT Correct
Correct answer conclusion
in correctfrom
formtheir det CB
B1 [5]Specific statement of induction conclusion, previous 4 marks must be earned, n=1
[5] must be verified
3 x2 y 2 11 and xy 6 5 M1 Attempt to equate real and imaginary parts of (x + iy)2 and 11 + 12√5
A1 Obtain both results cao (Q10, Jan 2013)
M1* Obtain a quadratic in x2 or y2
±( 2√5 + 3i) DM1 8 Solve a 3 term quadratic to obtain a value for x or y
A1 Obtain 1 correct answer as complex number
A1 Obtain only the other correct answer
[6]
4
17 B1 Establish result true for n = 1 or n = 2
M1 Multiply M and Mk, either order
1 1 1
2 2k 2 2 or 2k 2k 2 A1 Obtain correct element
A1 Obtain other 3 correct elements
A1 Obtain 2k 2 2 convincingly
Specific statement of induction conclusion, provided 5/5 earned so far and
B1
verified for n = 1
[6]

(Q4, June 2013)

5