MAPEH 10 Music Q2 1
MAPEH 10 Music Q2 1
MAPEH - MUSIC
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 1
AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN
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Management Team:
Schools Division Superintendent : Leilani Samson Cunanan, CESO V
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : Maylene M. Minimo, EdD, CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Ariel C. Lansang
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Jose C. Tala, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, MAPEH : Saturnino D. Dumlao
District Supervisor, IV-C : Jesusima P. Facal
School Principal : Esperedion Ordonio
Department Head, MAPEH : Olivia G. Cannu, EdD (for OCNHS)
Department Head, MAPEH : Mayco J. Mendoza (for OCNHS)
What I Know
A. Multiple Choice
Directions. Choose the letter of the correct answer and encircle your
answers in your activity sheets.
1. It is the term used to describe the fusion of West African with Black
American music.
a. Apala b. Afrobeat c. Jit d. Juju
2. It is a Jamaican musical style that was strongly influenced by the
island’s traditional mento music and the best-known proponent is Bob
Marley.
a. Reggae b. Foxtrot c. Paso Doble d. Bossa Nova
3. It is a dance style begun in Zaire in the late 1980’s, popularized by
Kanda Bongo Man.
a. Axe b. Jit c. Kwassa Kwassa d. Apala
4. It is an American popular musical style mainly for piano, that originated
in the Afro-American communities of St. Louis and New Orleans.
a. Rag Time b. Big Band c. Bebop d. Jazz Rock
5. It refers to melodies and songs of the common people that are handed
down from one generation to the next.
a. Country music c. Folk music
b. Ballads d. Rock and Roll
6. Also known as the “Music of the Populace?”
a. Jazz Music c. Standard Music
b. Latin Music d. Popular Music
7. It is a music genre that is stylized, highly rhythmic type of music that
usually (but not always) includes portion of rhythmically chanted words
called “rap”.
a. Hip Hop c. Pop
b. Flip Top d. Alternative Music
8. It was a hugely popular song form in the United States during the late
1940’s to the 1950’s.
a. Standard c. Rock and Roll
b. Hip Hop d. Ballad
9. It is dance form of African origin which evolved into an African-Brazilian
favorite in the working class and slum district of Rio de Janeiro.
a. Samba c. Salsa
b. Cha-cha d. Rumba
10. It is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and
uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
a. Jit b. Juju c. Jive d. Axe
11. This music was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s.Originted
in US and combined elements of Afro-American gospel music, rhythm
and blues and often jazz.
a. Soul c. Cha-cha
b. Samba d. Rock and roll
12. It is known as the “soul of calypso” that originated as a fusion of calypso
with Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of two
major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago.
a. Samba b. Soca c. Zouk d. Were
13. Originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing
typically with love.
a. Country music c. Pop music
b. Ballads d. Standards
14. This is Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early
breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations.
a. Jit c. Soca
b. Zouk d. Were
15. This is a fusion of Anglo-American and Afro-American styles from the
19th century that deals with the anti-heroes resisting authority.
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a. Blues Ballads c. Pop Standard Ballad
b. Jazz Ballad d. Rock Ballad
What’s New
MUSIC OF AFRICA
Music has always been an important part in the daily life of the African, whether
for work, religion, ceremonies, or even communication. Singing, dancing, hand
clapping and the beating of drums are essential to many African ceremonies,
including those for birth, death, initiation, marriage, and funerals. Music and
dance are also important to religious expression and political events.
However, because of its wide influences on global music that has permeated
contemporary American, Latin American, and European styles, there has been a
growing interest in its own cultural heritage and musical sources. Of particular
subjects of researches are its rhythmic structures and spiritual characteristics
that have led to the birth of jazz forms.
African music has been a collective result from the cultural and musical diversity
of the more than 50 countries of the continent. The organization of this continent
is a colonial legacy from European rule of the different nations up to the end of
the 19th century, whose vastness has enabled it to incorporate its music with
language, environment, political developments, immigration, and cultural
diversity.
TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA
African traditional music is largely functional in nature, used primarily in
ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship, and spirit
invocations. Others are work related or social in nature, while many traditional
societies view their music as entertainment. It has a basically interlocking
structural format, due mainly to its overlapping and dense textural
characteristics as well as its rhythmic complexity. Its many sources of stylistic
influence have produced varied characteristics and genres.
Types of African Music
Afrobeat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdktotHsU0s&list=PLZA5lvdDq9R6k3W7vFyXLqOOxFd6YsA
Pf&index=1
Afrobeat is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with black
American music.
Apala (Akpala) h ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AAqnpAkkaM
Apala is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal
style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the
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Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. Percussion instrumentation includes the rattle
(sekere), thumb piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two or three talking drums.
Axe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3o30YJiWsc
Axe is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and
Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles of the march, reggae,
and calypso.
Jit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMyfE_quZsE
Jit is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with
guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles
Jive
Jive is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and
uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance
Juju https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NC0Tw4PmarA
Juju is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies
on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where the
instruments in Juju are more western in origin. A
drum kit, keyboard, pedal steal guitar, and accordion
are used along with the traditional dun-dun (talking
drum or squeeze drum).
Kwassa Kwassa h ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arxHc7hU1Tg
Kwassa Kwassa is dance style begun in Zaire in the late 1980’s,
popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips
move back and forth while the arms move following the hips.
Marabi h ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeGJp1QgI5U
Marabi is a South African three-chord township music of
the 1930s-1960s which evolved into African Jazz.
Possessing a keyboard style combining American jazz,
ragtime and blues with African roots, it is characterized by
simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive
harmony over an extended period of time to allow the
dancers more time on the dance floor.
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCED BY AFRICAN MUSIC
Reggae https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWTkPHNlsiU
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Reggae is aa Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar and drums. It refers to a
particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento and
calypso music, as well as American jazz, rhythm and blues. The most
recognizable musical elements of reggae are offbeat rhythm and staccato chords.
Salsa h ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7E9cNydevg
Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance
music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban
son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero.
Samba https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kk4uddaHdDE
Samba is the basic underlying rhythm that typifies most
Brazilian music. It is a lively and rhythmical dance and
music with three steps to every bar, making the Samba
feel like a timed dance. There is a set of dances—rather
than a single dance—that define the Samba dancing
scene in Brazil. Thus, no one dance can be claimed with
certainty as the “original” Samba style.
Soca h ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcfo1HcJbVE
Soca is a modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining
“soul” and “calypso” music.
Were
This is Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early breakfast and
prayers during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses
the African and European music styles with particular usage of the natural
harmonic series.
Zouk
Zouk is fast, carnival-like rhythmic music, from the Creole
slang word for ‘party,’ originating in the Caribbean Islands of
Guadeloupe and Martinique and popularized in the 1980’s.
It has a pulsating beat supplied by the gwo ka and tambour
bele drums, a tibwa rhythmic pattern played on the rim of
the snare drum and its hi-hat, rhythm guitar, a horn
section, and keyboard synthesizers.
MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA
The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences - Indigenous,
Spanish-Portuguese, and African. Sometimes called Latin music, it includes the
countries that have had a colonial history from Spain and Portugal, divided into
the following areas:
a. Andean region (a mountain system of western South America along
the Pacific coast from Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego) – Argentina,
Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela
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b. Central America – Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, and Panama
c. Caribbean – Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti,
Martinique, and Puerto Rico
d. Brazil
At the same time, because of the inter-racial cross breeding and migration, the
above-named countries were also somewhat commonly populated by five major
ancestral groups as follows:
a. Indian descendants of the original native Americans who were the
inhabitants of the region before the arrival of Christopher Columbus
b. African descendants from Western and Central Africa
c. European descendants mainly from Spain and Portugal but also
including the French, Dutch, Italian, and British
d. Asian descendants from China, Japan, India, and Indonesia/Java
e. Mixed descendants from the above-named groups
INFLUENCES ON LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
1. Indigenous Latin-American Music
Before the arrival of the Spanish,
Portuguese, and other European
colonizers, the natives were found to
be using local drum and percussion
instruments such as the guiro,
maracas, and turtle shells, and wind
instruments such as zampona (pan
pipes) and quena (notched-end flutes)
remain popular and are traditionally
made out of the same aquatic canes,
although PVC pipe is sometimes used due to its resistance to heat, cold,
and humidity. Generally, quenas only are played during the dry season.
Materials came from hollow tree trunks, animal skins, fruit shells, dry
seeds, cane and clay, hardwood trees, jaguar claws, animal and human
bones, and specially-treated inflated eyes of tigers.
The indigenous music of Latin America was largely functional in nature,
being used for religious worship and ceremonies. The use of instruments as
well as singing and dancing served to implore the gods for good harvest,
victory in battles, guard against sickness and natural disasters, and of
course provide recreation.
2. Native American/Indian Music
The ethnic and cultural groups of the
principal native Americans share many
similar yet distinctive music elements
pertaining to melody, harmony, rhythm,
form, and dynamics. Short musical
motives from descending melodic lines
were a common feature, where tempo,
rhythm, and tone colors vary with the
specific occasion or ritual. Many dance
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forms were repetitious, while songs had a wide range of volume levels.
Some of the Native American music includes courtship songs, dancing
songs, and popular American or Canadian tunes like Amazing Grace, Dixie,
Jambalaya, and Sugar Time. Many songs celebrate themes like harvest,
planting season or other important times of year.
3. Afro-Latin American Music
The African influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its
rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by the drums and various
percussion instruments. Complex layering of rhythmic patterns was a
favorite device, where fast paced tempos add to the rhythmic density. Vocal
music was often deep-chested while instrumental music greatly relied on
resonant drums and sympathetic buzzers to produce rich sounds and
occasional loud volume levels to reflect their intensity.
4. Euro-Latin American Music
The different regions of Latin America adopted various characteristics from
their European colonizers. Melodies of the Renaissance period were used in
Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts, while step-wise melodies
were preferred in the heavily Hispanic and Moorish-influenced areas of
Venezuela and Colombia. Alternating dual meters, such as 6/8 and 4/4,
known as sesquialtera found in Chile and adopted in Cuba and Puerto
Rico, were immortalized in the song I Wanna Be in America from Leonard
Bernstein’s Broadway hit West Side Story. Other European influences were
manifested in the texture of Euro-Latin American music, from
unaccompanied vocal solos to those accompanied by stringed instruments.
5. Mixed American Music
The diversity of races and cultures from the Native Americans, Afro-Latin
Americans, and Euro-Latin Americans account for the rich combinations of
musical elements including the melodic patterns, harmonic combinations,
rhythmic complexities, wide range of colors and dynamics, and various
structural formats. This musical fusion of Latin America combining native
instruments with European counterparts and musical theories was further
enriched by the instruments brought by the African slaves. The result of
the massive infusion of African culture also brought about the introduction
of other music and dance forms such as the Afro-Cuban rumba, Jamaican
reggae, Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian samba.
6. Popular Latin American Music
Latin America has produced a number of musical genres and forms that
had been influenced by European folk music, African traditional music,
and native sources. Much of its popular music has in turn found its way to
the many venues and locales of America, Europe, and eventually the rest of
the world. Its danceable rhythms, passionate melodies, and exotic
harmonies continue to enthrall music and dance enthusiasts worldwide
even as the forms themselves undergo constant modifications that are more
relevant to the times. Some of these Latin American popular music forms
are tango, bossa nova, samba, son, and salsa.
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POPULAR MUSIC
Popular music literally means “music of the populace”, similar to traditional folk
music of the past. As it developed in the 20th century, pop music (as it has come
to be called) generally consisted of music for entertainment of large numbers of
people whether on radio or in live performances. From the standard songs and
ballads of the legendary Cole Porter, George Gershwin, and Frank Sinatra to the
rock and roll craze of Elvis Presley and the Beatles and the present-day idols in
the alternative music and disco modes, popular music is now shared by the entire
world.
BALLADS
The ballad originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text
dealing typically about love. The word is derived both from the medieval French
“chanson balladee” and “ballade” which refers to a dancing song. Used by poets
and composers since the 18th century, it became a slow popular love song in the
19th century.
Today, the term ballad now refers to a love song in a slightly pop or rock style,
with the following characteristics:
1. Blues Ballads https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pirlRTAD6U
This is a fusion of Anglo-American and Afro-American styles from the 19th
century that deals with the anti-heroes resisting authority. The form
emphasizes the character of the performer more than the narrative content,
and is accompanied by the banjo or guitar.
2. Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads
This is a blues style built from a single verse of 16 bars ending on the
dominant or half-cadence, followed by a refrain/chorus part of 16 or 32
bars in AABA form. The B section acts as the bridge, and the piece
normally ends with a brief coda. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYi9wCa8JB4
3. Pop and Rock Ballads https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-1OgNqBkVE
A pop and rock ballad is an emotional love song with suggestions of folk
music, as in the Beatles’ composition “The Ballad of John and Yoko” and
Billy Joel’s “The Ballad of Billy.” This style is sometimes applied to strophic
story-songs, such as Don McLean’s “American Pie.”
STANDARDS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nf07sguELFQ
In music, the term “standard” is used to denote the most popular and enduring
songs from a particular genre or style, such as those by Irving Berlin, Cole Porter,
and Rodgers and Hart. Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a
relaxed mood. It also features highly singable melodies within the range and
technical capacity of the everyday listener.
ROCK AND ROLL
Rock and roll was a hugely popular
song form in the United States during
the late 1940’s to the 1950’s. It
combined Afro-American forms such as
the blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel
music with the Western swing and
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country music. The lead instruments were the piano and saxophone, but these
were eventually replaced by modern instruments.
In its classic form, rock and roll employed one or two electric guitars (lead,
rhythm), a string bass or bass guitar, and a set of drums that provided the
rhythmic pattern. This form came during the age of technological change when
electric guitars were supplemented by amplifiers and microphones to raise the
volume. It derived its name from the mot of a son hip on the ocean, “rock and
roll.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNYWl13IWhY
DISCO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnkntLDNXCs
The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music known
as “disco.” Disco music pertained to rock music that was
more danceable, thus leading to the establishment of venues
for public dancing also called discos. The term originated
from the French word “discotheque” which means a library
for phonograph records.
The disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound
rhythmically controlled by a steady beat (usually 4/4 meter)
for ease of dancing, and accompanied by strings, horns,
electric guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers.
HIP HOP AND RAP
Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type of
music that usually (but not always) includes portions
of rhythmically chanted words called “rap.” In
rapping, the artist speaks along with an instrumental
or synthesized beat. Hip hop arose in the 1970s
within the Afro-American and Latino youth in the
Bronx area of New York City. But by the 1980s, it had spread to many other
countries. It has since evolved into a subculture that encompasses music
(rapping, DJing, scratching, and beatboxing); a nearly acrobatic style of dancing,
called break dancing; a distinct manner of dress; and graffiti-style artwork.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcCK99wHrk0
ALTERNATIVE MUSIC
Alternative music was an underground independent form of music that arose in
the 1980’s. It became widely popular in the 1990’s as a way to defy “mainstream”
rock music. Thus, it was known for its unconventional practices such as
distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes. It was also
characterized by high energy levels that bred new styles such as new wave, punk
rock, post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop, C86, Madchester,
Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing. Examples of alternative music are You Belong
with Me, Shake It Off.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdqoNKCCt7A&list=PLWYk8NyS8VW4Dc0ss9puOc4XfDubs
3bpc&index=2
JAZZ
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The arrival of the jazz genre did not come overnight. It
was an offshoot of the music of African slaves who
migrated to America. As music is considered a
therapeutic outlet for human feelings, the Africans used
music to recall their nostalgic past in their home
country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their
desperate condition at that time. Since then, these
melancholy beginnings have evolved into various more upbeat jazz forms which
the world has adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles.
RAGTIME https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ni6vV9heJhM
Ragtime is an American popular musical style
mainly for piano, originating in the
Afro-American communities in St. Louis and
New Orleans. Its style was said to be a
modification of the “marching mode” made
popular by John Philip Sousa, where the effect is
generated by an internally syncopated melodic
line pitted against a rhythmically
straightforward bass line. Its music is written
unlike jazz which is mainly improvised, and contains regular meters and clear
phrases, with an alternation of low bass or bass octaves and chords.
BIG BAND
The term ‘Big Band” refers to a large
ensemble form originating in the United
States in the mid 1920’s closely associated
with the Swing Era with jazz elements.
Relying heavily on percussion (drums),
wind, rhythm section (guitar, piano, double
bass, vibes), and brass instruments
(saxophones), with a lyrical string section
(violins and other string instruments) to
accompany a lyrical melody. A standard big band 17-piece instrumentation
consists of the following musical instruments percussion, brass, and woodwind
instruments: five saxophones (most often two altos, two tenors, and one
baritone), four trumpets, four trombones (often including one, bass trombone),
and a four-piece, rhythm section (composed of drums, acoustic bass or
electric bass, piano, and guitar). Some big bands use additional instruments.
Big band music originated in the United States and is associated with jazz and
the swing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CI-0E_jses
BEBOP
Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz which is
characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and
improvisation that emerged during World War II. The speed of
the harmony, melody, and rhythm resulted in a heavy
performance where the instrumental sound became more
tense and free. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09BB1pci8_o
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JAZZ ROCK
Jazz rock is the music of 1960’s and 1970’s bands that inserted jazz elements
into rock music. A synonym for “jazz fusion,” jazz rock is a mix of funk and R&B
(“rhythm and blues”) rhythms, where the music used amplification and electronic
effects, complex time signatures, and extended instrumental compositions with
lengthy improvisations in the jazz style.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IzkhXXpb7M&list=PLUXl043M6v4P9oRwAlJ-xOgVI0Of2ozVG&index=7
What’s More
Direction. Identify the different characteristics of the following musical genre in
the world. Write your answer on the table below.
GENRE CHARACTERISTICS
Afrobeat
Ballad
Big Band
Afro-Latin Music
Jazz
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Bebop
Disco
Samba
Direction. Using the Venn-diagram, identify the difference and similarities of
musical genres of the two (2) Types of Music. Write your answer in the given
space.
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Independent Activity #3
Direction. In the table, write the word or words that best describe the Music of
Africa, Latin-American Music and Popular Music
Music of Africa
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Popular Music
Independent Assessment #1
Direction. Identify which music styles are the following. Write MA for music of
Africa, LAM for Latin-American music, PM for Popular music and JM for Jazz
music.
____________ 1. Kwassa Kwassa
____________ 2. Standard
____________ 3. Salsa
____________ 4. Ragtime
____________ 5. Jit
____________ 6. Ballad
____________ 7. Reggae
____________ 8. Alternative
____________ 9. Bebop
____________ 10. Zouk
Independent Assessment #2
Direction. Enumerate the following music. Write your answers below the different
category of music.
1. Music of Africa
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Latin-American Music
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. Popular Music
a.
b.
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c.
d.
4. Jazz Music
a.
b.
c.
W
hat I Can Do
Listening and Musical Analysis
Direction. Listen and analyze the 4 given music below and write their genre and
its characteristics.
1. Beat It
Artist: _______________________________
Year: ________________________________
Genre: ______________________________
Characteristics:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. Anak
Artist: ______________________________
Year: _______________________________
Genre: _____________________________
Characteristics:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. My Way
Artist: _____________________________
Year: ______________________________
Genre: ____________________________
Characteristics:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. No Woman, No Cry
Artist: ____________________________
Year: _____________________________
Genre: ___________________________
Characteristics:
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__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Lesson Vocal and Instrumental Form
2 of Afro-Latin American and
Popular Music
What I Need to Know
This module is designed and written for MAPEH - Music that aims
the learner to demonstrate an understanding of the basic
concepts, principles, and skills of music relevant to creating
seminal works on community realities and life sources for the
awareness and exploration of creativity, sense of self and cultural identity, and
social responsibility.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Explores ways of creating sounds on a variety of sources suitable to chosen
vocal and instrumental selections;
2. Performs selections of Afro-Latin American and popular music in
appropriate pitch, rhythm, style, and expressions and;
3. Evaluates music and music performance using guided rubrics.
What I Know
A. Multiple Choice
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Directions. Choose the letter of the correct answer and encircle your
answers in your activity sheets.
1. It first surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the
strong rhythms of African percussion instruments with Portuguese
melodies.
a. Afrobeat c. Maracatu
b. Zouk d. Samba
2. It is a musical form of the late 19th century that has had deep roots in
African-American communities.
a. Blues c. Rock and Roll
b. Soul d. Hip Hop
3. The method is a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually
rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts as a
direct commentary on or response to the first.
a. Blues c. Call and Response
b. Soul d. Hip Hop
4. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and
blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by
handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its
important features.
a. Blues c. Call and Response
b. Soul d. Spiritual
5. It is an extremely popular band in Mexico whose original ensemble
consisted of violins, guitars, harp, and an enormous guitarron (acoustic
bass guitar).
a. Mariachi c. Maracatu
b. Mariveles d. Makati
6. It is a large wooden drum that is rope-tuned, complemented by the tarol
which is a shallow snare drum and the caixa-de-guerra which is a
war-like snare.
a. Ocarina c. Hueheuti
b. Caixa d. Alfaia drum
7. This musical form became their outlet to vent their loneliness and anger,
and is a result of the interaction of music and religion from Africa with
that of America.
a. Blues c. Call and Response
b. Soul d. Spiritual
8. Some important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed
to the emergence of soul music except to:
a. Jaya c. Clyde McPhatter
b. Etta James d. Ray Charles
9. It is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfights.
a. Cha cha c. Tango
b. Rumba d. Paso Doble
10. It is a popular African courtship dance with European and African
instrumentation and characteristics.
a. Cumbia c. Cha cha
b. Tango d. Rumba
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What’s New
Blues h ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZTai3DxMXM
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The blues is a musical form of the late 19th century that has had deep roots in
African-American communities. These communities are located in the so-called
“Deep South” of the United States. The slaves and their descendants used to sing
as they worked in the cotton and vegetable fields.
The notes of the blues create an expressive and soulful sound. The feelings that
are evoked are normally associated with slight degrees of misfortune, lost love,
frustration, or loneliness. From ecstatic joy to deep sadness, the blues can
communicate various emotions more effectively than other musical forms.
Noted performers of the Rhythm and Blues genre are Ray
Charles, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin,
and John Lee Hooker; as well as B.B. King, Bo Diddley,
Erykah Badu, Eric Clapton, Steve Winwood, Charlie
Musselwhite, Blues Traveler, Jimmie Vaughan, and Jeff
Baxter. Examples of blues music are the following: Early
Mornin’, A House is Not a Home and Billie’s Blues.
Soul https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0OJUcxdL24
Soul music was a popular music genre of the 1950’s and 1960’s. It originated in
the United States. It combines elements of African-American gospel music,
rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by
handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its important
features. Other characteristics include “call and response” between the soloist
and the chorus, and an especially tense and powerful vocal sound.
Some important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s
contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde
McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles and Little
Richard (who inspired Otis Redding) and James
Brown were equally influential. Brown was
known as the “Godfather of Soul,” while Sam
Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also often acknowledged as “soul
forefathers.” Examples of soul music are the following: Ain’t No
Mountain High Enough, Ben, All I Could Do is Cry, Soul to
Soul, and Becha by Golly, Wow.
Spiritual https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_euSS86dvE
The term spiritual, normally associated with a deeply religious person, refers here
to a Negro spiritual, a song form by African migrants to America who became
enslaved by its white communities. This musical form became their outlet to vent
their loneliness and anger, and is a result of the interaction of music and religion
from Africa with that of America. The texts are mainly religious, sometimes taken
from psalms of Biblical passages, while the music utilizes deep bass voices. The
vocal inflections, Negro accents, and dramatic dynamic changes add to the
musical interest and effectiveness of the performance. Examples of spiritual
music are the following: We are Climbing Jacob’s Ladder, Rock My Soul,
When the Saints Go Marching In, and Peace Be Still.
Call and Response https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmjuKRvdEM8
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The call and response method is a succession of two distinct musical phrases
usually rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts as a direct
commentary on or response to the first. Much like the question and answer
sequence in human communication, it also forms a strong resemblance to the
verse-chorus form in many vocal compositions. Examples of call and response
songs are the following: Mannish Boy, one of the signature songs by Muddy
Waters; and School Day - Ring, Ring Goes the Bell by Chuck Berry.
African Musical Instruments from the Environment
Many instruments of Africa are made from natural elements
like wood, metal, animal, skin and horns, as well as
improvised ones like tin cans and bottles. These are mainly
used to provide rhythmic sounds, which are the most defining
element of African music. Africans make musical instruments
from the materials in the environment, like forest areas from
where they make large wooden drums. Drums may also be
made of clay, metal, tortoise shells, or gourds. Xylophones are
made of lumber or bamboo, while flutes can
be constructed wherever reeds or bamboo grow. Animal horns
are used as trumpets while animal hides, lizard skins, and
snake skins can function as decorations as well as provide the
membranes for drum heads. Laces made of hides and skins are
used for the strings of harps, fiddles, and lutes.
On the other hand, bamboo was used to form the tongues of
thumb pianos, the frames of stringed instruments, and stamping
tubes. Strips of bamboo are even clashed together rhythmically.
Gourds, seeds, stones, shells, palm leaves, and the hard-shelled
fruit of the calabash tree are made into rattles. Ancient Africans
even made musical instruments from human skulls decorated
with human hair while singers use their body movements to
accompany their singing.
Modern Africans make use of recycled waste materials such as
strips of roofing metal, empty oil drums, and tin cans. These
people, bursting with rhythm, make music with everything and
anything. At present, new materials that
are more easily accessible, such as soda
cans and bottles, are becoming
increasingly important for the
construction of percussion instruments.
Some rhythmic instruments like scrapers, bells, and
rattles also provide the pitch and timbre when played in an ensemble to provide
contrasts in tone quality and character.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF LATIN AMERICA
The varied cultures developed in Latin America gave rise to
different types of wind and percussion instruments. As with the
African continent, their rich history dating back thousands of
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years ago with the Aztec, Maya, and other prehistoric cultural groups in Latin
America understandably generates their own brands of creativity in making
music.
In Central America, the ancient civilizations of the Aztec and
Maya peoples used various instruments mainly for religious
functions and usually by professional musicians. As some
instruments were considered holy and it was further believed
that music was supposed to glorify the gods, mistakes in playing these
instruments were considered offensive and insulting to them.
Zamponas Charango
Mariachi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtRn2qmmOes
The Mariachi is an extremely popular band
in Mexico whose original ensemble consisted
of violins, guitars, harp, and an enormous
guitarron (acoustic bass guitar). Trumpets
were later added, replacing the harp.
Mariachi music is extremely passionate and
romantic with their blended harmonies and
characterized by catchy rhythms. Its musicians are distinctly adorned with
wide-brimmed hats and silver buttons.
VOCAL AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
Latin-American instruments are extremely useful in adding life, color, and variety
to their many vocal and dance forms which captured the wolrd’s attention and
affectionate adoption. In the Philippines, many of these characteristics have been
taken in, particularly in the Brazilian bossa nova, cha cha, rumba, and the
Argentine tango. Other dance forms became locally popular especially in the
1960’s and 1970’s until the arrival of disco and rock music. However, the original
Latin dance forms have been experiencing constant revivals of their popularity
especially in “ballroom dancing” as the trendier modern styles also fade almost as
quickly as they come.
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1. Cumbia - Originating in Panama and
Colombia, the cumbia became a popular
African courtship dance with European
and African instrumentation and
characteristics. It contained varying
rhythmic meters among the major
locations – 2/4 meter in Colombia; 2/4,
4/4, and 6/8 meters in Panama, and
2/2meter in Mexico. Instruments used are the drums of African origin,
such as the tabora (bass drum), claves, which are hard, thick sticks that
sets the beat, guitar, accordion, clarinet, modern flute, and caja, a type of
snare drum. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPxIupmepr4
2. Tango - The word tango may have been
of African origin meaning “African
dance” or from the Spanish word taner
meaning “to play” (an instrument). It is
a foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan
urban popular song and dance that is
related to the Cuban contradanza,
habanera, and Cuban tango, and
remains a 20th century nationalistic Argentinian piece of music that is
most expressive. Its main development was in the slum areas of Buenos
Aires, and eventually became fashionable in Parisian society in the early
part of the 20th century, as well as in England and other parts of Western
Europe. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iW71-sVyMzM
3. Cha Cha - in 1953, derived from the mambo and its characteristic rhythm
of 2 crochets – 3 quavers – quaver rest, with a syncopation on the fourth
beat. The cha cha may be danced with Cuban music, Latin Pop, or Latin
Rock. The Cuban cha cha, considered more sensual that may contain
polyrhythmic patterns, has a normal count of ‘two-three-chachacha’ and
‘four and one, two, three’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrAPX-7HRcQ
4. Rumba - The rumba popular recreational dance
of Afro-Cuban origin, performed in a complex
duple meter pattern and tresillo, which is a
dotted quaver – dotted quaver – dotted
semiquaver rhythm. It is normally used as a
ballroom dance where a solo dancer or couple
would be in an embrace though slightly apart,
with the rocking of the hips to a fast-fast-slow
sequence and often containing cross rhythms.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8C0trQSkKUU
5. Bossa nova - Bossa nova originated in
1958-59 as a movement effecting a radical
change in the classic Cuban samba. The word
bossa comes from the Brazilian capital of Rio
de Janeiro, which means either “t rend” or “something
charming,” integrating melody, harmony, and rhythm
into a swaying feel, where the vocal style is often nasal. The nylon-stringed
classical guitar is the most important instrument of this style. Bossa nova
contains themes centering on love, women, longing, nature, and
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youthfulness. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeBDoNBNMro
6. Reggae - Reggae is an urban popular music and dance style that originated
in Jamaica in the mid 1960’s. It contained English text coupled with Creole
expressions that were not so familiar to the non-Jamaican. It was a
synthesis of Western American (Afro-American) popular music and the
traditional Afro-Jamaican music, containing a western-style
melodic-harmonic base with African
sounds and characteristics, American pop
and rock music mannerisms, and a
preference for a loud volume in the bass.
The best-known proponent of reggae
music is Bob Marley, Jamaican
singer-songwriter, musician, and
guitarist. He achieved international fame
and acclaim for songs such as: One Love,
Three Little Birds; No Woman, No Cry; Redemption Song; and Stir It Up.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdB-8eLEW8g
7. Foxtrot - The foxtrot is a 20th century social dance that
originated after 1910 in the USA. It was executed as a
one step, two step and syncopated rhythmic pattern. The
tempo varied from 30 to 40 bars per minute and had a
simple duple meter with regular 4-bar phrases. There
was no fixed step pattern, instead borrowing from other
dance forms and having a simple forward/backward
sequence. The foxtrot gave rise to other dances such as
the black bottom, Charleston, and shimmy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vh5QoiBOTAE
8. Paso Doble - The paso doble (meaning “double step”) is a
theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in
bullfights, where the music was played as the matador
enters (paseo) and during passes just before the kill
(faena). The dance is arrogant and dignified with a
duple meter, march-like character, where the dancer
takes strong steps forward with the heels accompanied by
artistic hand movements, foot stomping, sharp and
quick movements, with the head and chest held high.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z81q8ke0iE
What’s More
Independent Activity #2
Virtual Solo Dance Performance
1. With the music given by the teacher, create a choreograph for your
individual performance.
2. Record your performance in video format and submit to the agreed-upon
platform.
3. Music “SWAY” by Pussycat Dolls
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Links: Study vid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0o8cT0E0_k
Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cYdFLnPIZE
Rubrics for Performance
Independent Assessment #1
Matching Type. Identify the answer from Column A in Column B.
Column A Column B
_______ 1. A. Paso Doble
_______ 2. B. Foxtrot
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_______ 3. C. Shekere
______ 4. D. Mariachi
______ 5. E. Cumbia
______ 6. F. Huehueti
______ 8. H. Zamponas
______ 9. I. Charango
______ 10. J. Tango
Independent Assessment #2
Direction. Identify the statement and choose your answer inside the box. Write
your answer on the space given.
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_______________________ 1. It is an urban popular music and dance style that
originated in Jamaica in the mid 1960’s.
_______________________ 2. It is popular recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin,
performed in a complex duple meter pattern and tresillo, which is a dotted quaver
– dotted quaver – dotted semiquaver rhythm.
_______________________ 3. It is a 20th century social dance that originated after
1910 in the USA.
_______________________ 4. It originated in 1958-59 as a movement effecting a
radical change in the classic Cuban samba.
_______________________ 5. It derived from the mambo and its characteristic
rhythm of 2 crochets – 3 quavers – quaver rest, with a syncopation on the fourth
beat.
_______________________ 6. Originating in Panama and Colombia, it became a
popular African courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and
characteristics.
_______________________ 7. The word _________ may have been of African origin
meaning “African dance” or from the Spanish word taner meaning “to play” (an
instrument).
_______________________ 8. It is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards
in bullfights.
_______________________ 9. It is a musical form of the late 19th century that has
had deep roots in African-American communities.
______________________ 10. It combines elements of African-American gospel
music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz.
What I Can Do
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"Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa)" or in Spanish, "Waka Waka (Esto
es África)" is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira. It feautures
South African band, Freshlyground, and pairs an African Colombian
rhythm with a Soca-inspired beat. Its lyrics encourage one to aim for
one’s goals, like a soldier on a battlefield. The song was used as the
official song of the 2010 FIFA World Cup held in South Africa.
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Samba de Uma Nota Só ( "One-Note Samba") is a song composed by
Antonio Carlos Jobim, with Portuguese lyrics by Newton Mendonça
and English lyrics by Jobim. The song title refers to the main melody
line, which at first consists of a long series of notes of a single tone.
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