ESS DOCUMENT DATE: 25.06.

2018

ALERTS TAKEN ON BOARD: 01 (17.05.18), 02 (25.06.18)

SOURCE
QUESTIONNAIRE

Round 9

2018/2019

This document was written for the European Social Survey ERIC (ESS ERIC)
by its Core Scientific Team. Please cite as follows:

European Social Survey (2018). ESS Round 9 Source Questionnaire.

London: ESS ERIC Headquarters c/o City, University of London.

Disclaimer: Neither the ESS ERIC, its Director nor the individual members of the ESS
ERIC Core Scientific Team are liable for any use that is made of the information
contained herein.
 Q# Topics

Core A1 – A6 Media use; Internet use; social trust.

Core B1 – B43 Politics, including: political interest, trust, electoral and other
forms of participation, party allegiance, socio-political
orientations, immigration.

Core C1 – C42 Subjective wellbeing, social exclusion, crime, religion,

perceived discrimination, national and ethnic identity, test
questions (C32 to C40 – continued in section I), vote
intention in EU referendum.

Rotating D1 – D35 Timing of life; the life course; timing of key life events,
module attitudes to ideal age, youngest age and oldest age of life
events, life planning.

Core F1 – F61 Socio-demographic profile, including: household composition,

sex, age, marital status, type of area, education & occupation
of respondent, partner, parents, union membership, income
and ancestry.

Rotating G1 – G32 Political procedural justice, fairness of income, fairness of

module educational and job opportunities, fairness of the distribution
of resources, attitudes toward normative principles, social
closure, belief in a just world.

Core Section H Human values scale.

Core Section I Test questions.

Interviewer Section J Interviewer self-completion questions.

questionnaire

2
NOTE

No section E is present in this questionnaire. One question that belongs to the module on
Justice and Fairness is placed in section F. This is marked with a footnote.

Several interviewer-coded items have been dropped from this questionnaire as part of the
move to CAPI mode only in ESS Round 9. Placeholders have been added where these
items used to be situated in order to prevent unnecessary changes in the numbering of
section F.

Throughout the questionnaire, annotations (footnotes) are provided to aid translation and
questionnaire implementation. In some cases these aim to avoid ambiguity by providing
definitions and clarification about the concept behind questions, especially where the words
themselves are unlikely to have direct equivalents in other languages. In other cases the
annotations provide operational instructions. Annotations should NOT be translated. Under
no circumstances should they appear in the questionnaire given to interviewers.

Other questions are to be adapted – in part or in their entirety – to the national context (e.g.
[country] should be replaced with Britain/British, values should be in the local currency, etc.),
or require tailoring/filtering based on answers given to previous questions. These elements
are highlighted in grey or placed within a grey box.
Take appropriate action regarding text highlighted in grey so that the correct wordings are
introduced into the CAPI programme.

Additional instructions for programmers are in blue font. These instructions should not be
presented to interviewers.

At some questions there are answer codes that appear in brackets. These codes allow for
answers respondents might give but these should not be read out or offered and must never
appear on the showcard.

The answer codes on showcards should generally not be read out to respondents by the
interviewer (unless specified).

Start/end dates and times should be recorded for each module automatically by the CAPI
system where possible.

3
 [START DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

SECTION A

A1 On a typical day, about how much time do you spend watching, reading or
listening to news about politics and current affairs1? Please give your answer in
hours and minutes.

INTERVIEWER: If no time spent, enter 00 00.

TYPE IN DURATION:

hours minutes

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

A2 CARD 1 People can use the internet on different devices such as computers,
tablets and smartphones. How often do you use the internet on these or any
other devices, whether for work or personal use?

Never 1
Only occasionally 2 GO TO A4
A few times a week 3
Most days 4
ASK A3
Every day 5

(Refusal) 7
GO TO A4
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF MOST DAYS OR EVERY DAY AT A2 (IF A2 = 4, 5)

A3 On a typical day, about how much time do you spend using the internet on a
computer, tablet, smartphone or other device, whether for work or personal
use? Please give your answer in hours and minutes.

TYPE IN DURATION:

hours minutes

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

1 ‘About politics and current affairs’: about issues to do with governance and public policy, and with the people
connected with these affairs.
4
ASK ALL
A4 CARD 2 Using this card, generally speaking, would you say that most
people can be trusted, or that you can’t be too careful2 in dealing with people?
Please tell me on a score of 0 to 10, where 0 means you can’t be
too careful and 10 means that most people can be trusted.

You Most
can’t be people
too can be (Don’t
careful trusted (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

A5 CARD 3 Using this card, do you think that most people would try to take advantage3 of
you if they got the chance, or would they try to be fair4?

Most
people Most
would try people
to take would
advantage try to (Don’t
of me be fair (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

A6 CARD 4 Would you say that most of the time people try to be helpful5 or
that they are mostly looking out for themselves? Please use this card.

People
mostly People
look out mostly
for try to be (Don’t
themselves helpful (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

[END TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

2 ‘Can’t be too careful’: need to be wary or always somewhat suspicious.

3 ‘Take advantage’: exploit or cheat.
4 ‘Fair’: in the sense of treat appropriately and straightforwardly.
5 The intended contrast is between self-interest and altruistic helpfulness.

5
SECTION B

Now we want to ask a few questions about politics and government.

B1 How interested would you say you are in politics –

are you… READ OUT…

very interested, 1
quite interested, 2
hardly interested, 3
or, not at all interested? 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B2 CARD 5 How much would you say the political system in [country]
allows people like you to have a say in what the government does?

Not at all 1
Very little 2
Some 3
A lot 4
A great deal 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B3 CARD 6 How able do you think you are to take an active role in a group
involved with political issues?

Not at all able 1

A little able 2
Quite able 3
Very able 4
Completely able 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

6
B4 CARD 7 And how much would you say that the political system in
[country] allows people like you to have an influence on politics?

Not at all 1
Very little 2
Some 3
A lot 4
A great deal 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B5 CARD 8 And how confident are you in your own ability to

participate in politics?

Not at all confident6 1

A little confident 2
Quite confident 3
Very confident 4
Completely confident 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

6 ‘Not at all confident’ in the sense of ‘having no confidence at all in your own ability’.
7
CARD 9 Using this card, please tell me on a score of 0-10 how much you
personally trust each of the institutions I read out. 0 means you do not trust
an institution at all, and 10 means you have complete trust. Firstly… READ OUT…

No trust Complete (Refu- (Don’t

at all trust sal) know)

B6 …[country]’s 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
parliament?
B7 …the legal 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
system?

B8 …the police? 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B9 …politicians? 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B10 …political 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
parties?

B11 …the European 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

Parliament?

B12 …the United 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

Nations?

B13 Some people don’t vote nowadays for one reason or another.
Did you vote in the last [country] national7 election in [month/year]?

Yes 1 ASK B14

No 2
Not eligible to vote 3 GO TO B15

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

7 This refers to the last election of a country’s primary legislative assembly.

8
ASK IF YES AT B13 (IF B13 = 1)

B14 Which party did you vote for in that election?

[Country-specific (question and) codes]
Conservative 01
Labour 02
Liberal Democrat 03
Scottish National Party 04
Plaid Cymru 05
Green Party 06
Other (TYPE IN) ______________________________ 07
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

ASK ALL
There are different ways of trying to improve things in [country] or help prevent things from
going wrong8. During the last 12 months, have you done any of the following?
Have you… READ OUT…
(Don’t
Yes No (Refusal) know)

B15 …contacted a politician, government or local 1 2 7 8

government official?

B16 …worked in a political party or action group? 1 2 7 8

B17 …worked in another organisation or 1 2 7 8

association?

B18 …worn or displayed a campaign badge/sticker? 1 2 7 8

B19 …signed a petition? 1 2 7 8

B20 …taken part in a lawful public demonstration? 1 2 7 8

B21 …boycotted certain products? 1 2 7 8

B22 …posted or shared anything about politics 1 2 7 8

online, for example on blogs, via email or on
social media such as Facebook or Twitter9?

8 ‘Help prevent things from going wrong’ in the sense of help prevent serious problems arising.
9 The examples given in the source question should be used where possible. However, if in [country] there are other
social media platforms which would be more appropriate to include instead of or as well as Facebook and Twitter,
please discuss with the Translation team [email protected].
9
B23 Is there a particular political party you feel closer
to10 than all the other parties?
Yes 1 ASK B24

No 2
GO TO B26
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF YES AT B23 (IF B23 = 1)

B24 Which one? [Country-specific codes]

Conservative 01
Labour 02
Liberal Democrat 03
Scottish National Party 04 ASK B25
Plaid Cymru 05
Green Party 06
Other (TYPE IN) _________________________________ 07
(Refusal) 77 GO TO B26
(Don’t know) 88

ASK IF PARTY GIVEN AT B24 (IF B24 = 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07 in the example above)
B25 How close do you feel to this party? Do you feel that
you are… READ OUT…
very close, 1
quite close, 2
not close, 3
or, not at all close? 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

10 ‘Feel closer to’: in the sense of the party one most identifies or sympathises with or is most attached to, regardless of
how one votes.
10
ASK ALL
B26 CARD 10 In politics people sometimes talk of “left” and “right”.
Using this card, where would you place yourself on this scale,
where 0 means the left and 10 means the right?

(Don’t
Left Right (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B27 CARD 11 All things considered, how satisfied are you with your
life as a whole nowadays? Please answer using this card, where 0 means
extremely11 dissatisfied and 10 means extremely satisfied.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

dissatisfied satisfied (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B28 STILL CARD 11 On the whole how satisfied are you with the present state of the
economy in [country]? Still use this card.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

dissatisfied satisfied (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B29 STILL CARD 11 Now thinking about the [country] government12, how satisfied are
you with the way it is doing its job? Still use this card.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

dissatisfied satisfied (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

11 Please note that for CORE items using ‘extremely’ or ‘completely’, the same translation should be used as in
previous rounds. This applies throughout sections B, C, F and I. If translators are unsure, contact
[email protected].
12 The people now governing, the present regime.

11
B30 STILL CARD 11 And on the whole, how satisfied are you with the way democracy13
works in [country]? Still use this card.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

dissatisfied satisfied (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B31 CARD 12 Now, using this card, please say what you think overall about the state
of education14 in [country] nowadays?

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

bad good (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B32 STILL CARD 12 Still using this card, please say what you think overall about the
state of health services in [country] nowadays?

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

bad good (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

CARD 13 Using this card, please say to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following
statements. READ OUT EACH STATEMENT AND CODE

Neither
Agree agree nor Disagree (Don’t
strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly (Refusal) know)

B33 The
government 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
should take
measures to
reduce
differences
in income
levels.

13 The democratic system ‘in practice’ is meant, as opposed to how democracy ‘ought’ to work.
14 The ‘state of education’ (see ‘state of health services’ in B32, too) covers issues of quality, access and
effectiveness/efficiency.
12
 Neither
Agree agree nor Disagree (Don’t
strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly (Refusal) know)

B34 Gay men

and lesbians 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
should be
free to live
their own life
as they
wish15.

B35 If a close
family 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
member
was a gay
man or a
lesbian, I
would feel
ashamed.

B36 Gay male

and lesbian 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
couples
should have
the same
rights to
adopt
children as
straight
couples16.

B37 CARD 14 Now thinking about the European Union, some say European unification17
should go further. Others say it has already gone too far. Using this card, what
number on the scale best describes your position?

Unification Unification
has already should go (Don’t
gone too far further (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

15 Freedom of lifestyle is meant, ‘free/entitled to live as gays and lesbians’.

16 ‘Straight couples’: please translate as in B36 in ESS8. If your country did not participate in ESS8, please use the
following translation guidance: ‘straight’ is a colloquial term for ‘heterosexual’ in British English. Some suggestions
that can be used are ‘heterosexual couples’ or ‘couples consisting of a man and a woman’. However, ‘normal
couples’ or ‘other couples’ should not be used.
17 ‘Unification’ refers to further integration rather than further enlargement.

13
Now some questions about people from other countries coming to live in [country].

B38 CARD 15 Now, using this card, to what extent do you think [country]
should18 allow people of the same race or ethnic group as most
[country]’s people to come and live here19?

Allow many to come and live here 1

Allow some 2
Allow a few 3
Allow none 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B39 STILL CARD 15 How about people of a different race

or ethnic group from most [country] people? Still use this card.

Allow many to come and live here 1

Allow some 2
Allow a few 3
Allow none 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B40 STILL CARD 15 How about people from the poorer

countries outside Europe? Use the same card.

Allow many to come and live here 1

Allow some 2
Allow a few 3
Allow none 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

18 ‘Should’ in the sense of ‘ought to’; not in the sense of ‘must’.

19 ‘Here’: [country] throughout these questions.
14
B41 CARD 16 Would you say it is generally bad or good for
[country]’s economy that people come to live here from
other countries? Please use this card.

Bad for the Good for the (Don’t

economy economy (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B42 CARD 17 And, using this card, would you say that [country]’s
cultural life is generally undermined or enriched by people
coming to live here from other countries?

Cultural life Cultural life (Don’t

undermined enriched (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B43 CARD 18 Is [country] made a worse or a better place to live by

people coming to live here from other countries? Please use this card.

Worse place Better place (Don’t

to live to live (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

[END TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

15
SECTION C

And now a few questions about you and your life.

C1 CARD 19 Taking all things together, how happy would you say
you are? Please use this card.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

unhappy happy (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

C2 CARD 20 Using this card, how often do you meet socially20 with
friends, relatives or work colleagues?

Never 01
Less than once a month 02
Once a month 03
Several times a month 04
Once a week 05
Several times a week 06
Every day 07

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C3 CARD 21 How many people, if any, are there with whom you can
discuss intimate21 and personal22 matters? Choose your answer
from this card.

None 00
1 01
2 02
3 03
4-6 04
7-9 05
10 or more 06

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

20 ‘Meet socially’ implies meet by choice rather than for reasons of either work or pure duty.
21 ‘Intimate’ implies things like sex or family matters.
22 ‘Personal’ could include work or occupational issues as well.

16
C4 CARD 22 Compared to other people of your age,
how often would you say you take part in social activities23?
Please use this card.

Much less than most 1

Less than most 2
About the same 3
More than most 4
Much more than most 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

C5 Have you or a member of your household been the victim of

a burglary or assault24 in the last 5 years?
Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

C6 How safe do you – or would you – feel walking alone

in this area25 after dark? Do – or would – you feel… READ OUT…

...very safe, 1
safe, 2
unsafe, 3
or, very unsafe? 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

23 Events/encounters with other people, by choice and for enjoyment rather than for reasons of work or duty.
24 Physical assault.
25 Respondent’s local area or neighbourhood.

17
The next set of questions are about yourself.

C7 How is your health26 in general? Would you say it is… READ OUT…

…very good, 1
good, 2
fair, 3
bad, 4
or, very bad? 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

C8 Are you hampered27 in your daily activities in any way by any longstanding
illness, or disability, infirmity or mental health problem?
IF YES, is that a lot or to some extent?

Yes a lot 1
Yes to some extent 2
No 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

People might feel different levels of attachment to the country where they live and to Europe28.

C9 CARD 23 How emotionally attached29 do you feel to [country]? Please

choose a number from 0 to 10, where 0 means not at all emotionally attached
and 10 means very emotionally attached.

Not at all Very

emotionally emotionally (Don’t
attached attached (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

26 Physical and mental health.

27 ‘Hampered’: limited, restricted in your daily activities.
28 Europe in general, not specifically European Union.
29 ‘Emotionally attached’ in the sense of ‘identifying with AND feeling close to’.

18
C10 STILL CARD 23 And how emotionally attached do you feel to Europe30?

Not at all Very

emotionally emotionally (Don’t
attached attached (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

C11 Do you consider yourself as belonging to31 any particular religion

or denomination?

Yes 1 ASK C12

No 2
GO TO C13
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF YES AT C11 (IF C11 = 1)

C12 Which one? [Can be asked as a country-specific question.

To be recoded into the ESS coding frame below]

Roman Catholic 01
Protestant 02
Eastern Orthodox 03
Other Christian denomination 04 GO TO C15
Jewish 05
Islamic 06
Eastern religions 07
Other non-Christian religions 08

(Refusal) 77

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF C12

The set of country-specific categories that are listed in the ‘Consultation outcomes’ for religion on the ESS9
NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers. Use of a showcard at C12 is optional.

30 Europe in general, not specifically European Union.

31 Identification is meant, not official membership.
19
ASK IF NO RELIGION/DENOMINATION OR DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT C11 (IF C11 = 2, 7, 8)
C13 Have you ever considered yourself as belonging to
any particular religion or denomination?
Yes 1 ASK C14
No 2
GO TO C15
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF YES AT C13 (IF C13 = 1)

C14 Which one? [Can be asked as a country-specific question.
To be recoded into the ESS coding frame below]

Roman Catholic 01
Protestant 02
Eastern Orthodox 03
Other Christian denomination 04
Jewish 05
Islamic 06
Eastern religions 07
Other non-Christian religions 08

(Refusal) 77

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF C14

The set of country-specific categories that are listed in the ‘Consultation outcomes’ for religion on the ESS9
NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers. Use of a showcard at C14 is optional.

ASK ALL
C15 CARD 24 Regardless of whether you belong to
a particular religion, how religious would you say you are?
Please use this card.

Not at all Very (Don’t

religious religious (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

20
C16 CARD 25 Apart from special occasions such as weddings and
funerals, about how often do you attend religious services nowadays?
Please use this card.

Every day 01
More than once a week 02
Once a week 03
At least once a month 04
Only on special holy days 05
Less often 06
Never 07

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C17 STILL CARD 25 Apart from when you are at religious

services, how often, if at all, do you pray? Please use this card.

Every day 01
More than once a week 02
Once a week 03
At least once a month 04
Only on special holy days 05
Less often 06
Never 07

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C18 Would you describe yourself as being a member of a

group that is discriminated against in this country?

Yes 1 ASK C19

No 2
GO TO C20
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

21
ASK IF YES AT C18 (IF C18 = 1)
C19 On what grounds is your group discriminated against?
PROBE: ‘What other grounds?’
CODE ALL THAT APPLY
Colour or race 01
Nationality 02
Religion 03
Language 04
Ethnic group 05
Age 06
Gender 07
Sexuality 08
Disability 09
Other (TYPE IN)___________________________ 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

ASK ALL
C20 Are you a citizen of [country]?

Yes 1 GO TO C22
No 2 ASK C21

(Refusal) 7 GO TO C22
(Don’t know) 8 ASK C21

ASK IF NO OR DON’T KNOW AT C20 (IF C20 = 2, 8)

C21 What citizenship do you hold?
[To be coded into pre-specified ISO 3166-1 (2-character)]

TYPE IN _________________________

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

22
ASK ALL
C22 Were you born in [country]?

Yes 1 GO TO C25
No 2 ASK C23

(Refusal) 7
GO TO C25
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF NO AT C22 (IF C22 = 2)

C23 In which country were you born?
[To be coded into pre-specified ISO 3166-1 (2-character)]

TYPE IN __________________

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C24 What year did you first come to live in [country]?

TYPE IN YEAR:

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

ASK ALL
C25 What language or languages do you speak most often at home?
[To be coded into ISO 639-2 (3-character)]
TYPE IN UP TO 2 LANGUAGES________________________
________________________
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

C26 Do you belong32 to a minority ethnic group in [country]?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

32 ‘Belong’ refers to attachment or identification.

23
C27 Was your father born in [country]?
Yes 1 GO TO C29
No 2 ASK C28

(Refusal) 7
GO TO C29
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF NO AT C27 (IF C27 = 2)

C28 In which country was your father born?
[To be coded into pre-specified ISO 3166-1 (2 character)]

TYPE IN __________________
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

ASK ALL
C29 Was your mother born in [country]?

Yes 1 GO TO C31
No 2 ASK C30

(Refusal) 7
GO TO C31
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF NO AT C29 (IF C29 = 2)

C30 In which country was your mother born?
[To be coded into pre-specified ISO 3166-1 (2 character)]

TYPE IN __________________
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

CAPI RANDOMISATION: automated random allocation to Group 1 (C32-C34), Group 2 (C35-C37) or

Group 3 (C38-C40), each comprising approximately one third of the sample. Respondents must be
allocated to the same group in section I as used here.
C31 RECORD OUTCOME OF CAPI RANDOMISATION

GROUP 1 1 ASK C32

GROUP 2 2 GO TO C35
GROUP 3 3 GO TO C38

24
 ASK IF GROUP 1 AT C31 (IF C31 = 1)

Now some questions about how you think democracy works in [country] today.33

CARD 2634 Using this card, please tell me to what extent you think each of these statements applies in
[country]. READ OUT EACH STATEMENT

Does not Applies (Refu- (Don’t

apply at all completely sal) know)

C32 Governing parties in

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
[country] are
punished in
elections35 when
they have done a
bad job.

C33 The government in

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
[country] protects
citizens against poverty.

C34 The government in

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
[country] explains its
decisions to voters.

GO TO INTRODUCTION BEFORE C41

33 Please refer to the introduction before item E17 in ESS6 to guide the translation. Note that the introduction is not
identical to ESS6.
34 NEW TEST QUESTIONS for ESS9. Please refer to E26, E27 and E28 in ESS6 for translation.
35 ‘Punished in elections’ in the sense of ‘getting fewer votes than in the previous election’.

25
ASK IF GROUP 2 AT C31 (IF C31 = 2)

Now some questions about how you think democracy works in [country] today.36

C3537 CARD 27 Using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the governing parties in [country]
are punished in elections38 when they have done a bad job?

The governing
The governing
parties are
parties are not
punished
punished at all (Don’t
completely in (Refusal)
in elections know)
elections when
when they have
they have done
done a bad job
a bad job

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

C3639 CARD 28 Now using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the government in [country]
protects citizens against poverty?

The government The government

does not protect protects citizens (Don’t
(Refusal)
citizens against against poverty know)
poverty at all completely

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

C3740 CARD 29 And using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the government in [country]
explains its decisions to voters?

The The
government government
does not explains (Don’t
(Refusal)
explain its its decisions know)
decisions to voters
to voters at all completely

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

GO TO INTRODUCTION BEFORE C41

36 Please refer to the introduction before item E17 in ESS6 to guide the translation. Note that the introduction is not
identical to ESS6.
37 NEW TEST QUESTION for ESS9. Variation of E26 in ESS6.
38 ‘Punished in elections’ in the sense of ‘getting fewer votes than in the previous election’.
39 NEW TEST QUESTION for ESS9. Variation of E27 in ESS6.
40 NEW TEST QUESTION for ESS9. Variation of E28 in ESS6.

26
ASK IF GROUP 3 AT C31 (IF C31 = 3)

Now some questions about how you think democracy works in [country] today.41

C3842 CARD 30 Using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the governing parties in [country]
are punished in elections43 when they have done a bad job?

The governing The governing

parties are not parties are
punished at all punished in (Don’t
(Refusal)
in elections elections when know)
when they have they have done
done a bad job a bad job

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 77 88

C3944 CARD 31 Now using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the government in [country]
protects citizens against poverty?

The government
The government
does not protect (Don’t
protects citizens (Refusal)
citizens against know)
against poverty
poverty at all

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 77 88

C4045 CARD 32 And using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the government in [country]
explains its decisions to voters?

The government The government

does not explain explains (Don’t
(Refusal)
its decisions its decisions know)
to voters at all to voters

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 77 88

41 Please refer to the introduction before item E17 in ESS6 to guide the translation. Note that the introduction is not
identical to ESS6.
42 NEW TEST QUESTION for ESS9. Variation of E26 in ESS6.
43 ‘Punished in elections’ in the sense of ‘getting fewer votes than in the previous election’.
44 NEW TEST QUESTION for ESS9. Variation of E27 in ESS6.
45 NEW TEST QUESTION for ESS9. Variation of E28 in ESS6.

27
NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF C41 and C42

Item C41 can be included by EU countries on a voluntary basis. Item C42 can be included by non-EU
countries on a voluntary basis. The same set of country-specific items as in ESS8 can be used in the
United Kingdom. Countries should confirm whether they will include any EU referendum item to
[email protected].

ASK ALL
Now a question on a different topic.46

C4147 Imagine there were a referendum in [country] tomorrow about

membership of the European Union. Would you vote for [country]
to remain a member of the European Union or to leave the European Union?

Remain a member of the European Union 1

Leave the European Union 2
(Would submit a blank ballot paper) 33
(Would spoil48 the ballot paper) 44
(Would not vote) 55
(Not eligible to vote) 65

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

GO TO SECTION D

C4249 Imagine there were a referendum in [country] tomorrow about

membership of the European Union. Would you vote for [country]
to become a member of the European Union or to remain outside the European Union?

Become a member of the European Union 1

Remain outside the European Union 2
(Would submit a blank ballot paper) 33
(Would spoil50 the ballot paper) 44
(Would not vote) 55
(Not eligible to vote) 65

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[END TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

46 To be included only if either C41 or C42 are fielded.

47 REPEAT item from ESS8 for EU countries only. This question can be included on a voluntary basis. Please use
the same translation as for E41 in ESS8.
48 ‘Spoil’ in the sense of marking the ballot paper so as to make it null or invalid.
49 REPEAT item from ESS8 for non-EU countries only. This question can be included on a voluntary basis. Please

use the same translation as for E42 in ESS8.

50 ‘Spoil’ in the sense of marking the ballot paper so as to make it null or invalid.

28
SECTION D

ASK ALL

Now some questions about when you first did different things.51

D1 Have you ever been in paid employment or a paid apprenticeship of

20 hours or more per week for at least 3 months?

Yes 1 ASK D2
No 2

GO TO D3
(Refusal) 7

ASK ALL WHO HAVE BEEN IN PAID EMPLOYMENT/APPRENTICESHIP OF 20 HOURS+ FOR AT

LEAST 3 MONTHS AT D1 (IF D1 = 1)
D2 In what year did you first start working in a job like this?

INTERVIEWER: ‘a job like this’ refers to paid employment or a paid apprenticeship of 20 hours or
more per week for at least 3 months, as at D1.52

TYPE IN YEAR

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

51 The same translation for this introduction should be used as in ESS3.

52 NEW INTERVIEWER NOTE added to the ESS9 Timing of Life module.
29
ASK ALL
D3 In what year, if ever, did you first leave your parent(s) for 2 months or more to start living separately
from them53?

INTERVIEWER: Parents includes any legal guardian, such as foster, step and adoptive parents.
Living separately means living in separate accommodation, i.e. with a separate entrance.
Include students who live separately for 2 months or more even if they return to live with parents
occasionally.

TYPE IN YEAR

(Still living in parental home and never left for 2 months) 0000
(Never lived with a parent) 1111
(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

D4 Have you ever lived with a spouse or partner for three months or more?

Yes 1 ASK D5
No 2

GO TO D6
(Refusal) 7

ASK ALL WHO HAVE EVER LIVED WITH A SPOUSE/PARTNER FOR THREE MONTHS OR MORE AT
D4 (IF D4 = 1)
D5 In what year did you first live with a spouse or partner for three months or more?

TYPE IN YEAR

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

53 ‘Living separately from them’ means 'living independently from parent(s) or guardian(s) in separate accommodation’
(i.e. with a separate entrance).
30
ASK ALL
D6 Are you or have you ever been married?

INTERVIEWER: If respondent queries what types of marriage they should include, please read out:
‘Marriage refers to legal marriage only and does not include other forms of legally recognised
relationships’.54

Yes 1 ASK D7
No 2

GO TO D8
(Refusal) 7

ASK ALL WHO HAVE EVER BEEN MARRIED AT D6 (IF D6 = 1)

D7 In what year did you first marry?

TYPE IN YEAR

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

ASK ALL
D8 Have you ever given birth to/fathered55 a child?

Yes 1 ASK D9
No 2

GO TO D15
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

54 NEW COUNTRY-SPECIFIC INTERVIEWER NOTE added to the ESS9 Timing of Life module. Only include the
interviewer note in countries that have forms of legally recognised relationships other than marriage (e.g. civil
partnerships, legally recognised cohabitation, etc.). Countries where marriage is the only form of legally recognised
relationship should NOT include the interviewer note in the questionnaire.
55 ‘Fathered’ means ‘becoming the biological father of a child’.

31
ASK ALL WHO HAVE GIVEN BIRTH TO/FATHERED A CHILD AT D8 (IF D8 = 1)
D9 How many children have you ever given birth to/fathered?

INTERVIEWER: Include all children born alive.

TYPE IN

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

D10 In what year was your (first) child born?

TYPE IN YEAR

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

ASK ALL WHO HAVE GIVEN BIRTH TO/FATHERED MORE THAN ONE CHILD AT D9 (IF D9 > 1)
D11 In what year was your youngest child born?

TYPE IN YEAR

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

ASK ALL WHOSE FIRST CHILD WAS BORN IN 2002 OR EARLIER AT D10 (IF D10 < 2003)56
D12 How many grandchildren do you have, if any?

TYPE IN NUMBER

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

56 Countries starting ESS9 fieldwork in 2019 should change this filter to read ‘ASK ALL WHOSE FIRST CHILD WAS
BORN IN 2003 OR EARLIER (IF D10 < 2004)’.
32
ASK ALL WHO HAVE 1 OR MORE GRANDCHILDREN AT D12 (IF D12 >= 1)
D13 In what year was your first grandchild born?

TYPE IN YEAR

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

ASK ALL WHOSE FIRST GRANDCHILD WAS BORN IN 2002 OR EARLIER AT D13 (IF D13 < 2003)57
D14 Do you have any great grandchildren?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

57 Countries starting ESS9 fieldwork in 2019 should change this filter to read ‘ASK ALL WHOSE FIRST GRANDCHILD
WAS BORN IN 2003 OR EARLIER (IF D13 < 2004)’.
33
CAPI RANDOMISATION: automated random allocation to Group 1 (D15a to D34a) or Group 2 (D15b
to D34b), each comprising approximately half of the sample.

D14a RECORD OUTCOME OF CAPI RANDOMISATION

GROUP 1 1 ASK D15a

GROUP 2 2 GO TO D15b

ASK ALL IN GROUP 1 AT D14a (IF D14a = 1)

Questionnaire A

I am now going to ask you some questions about girls and women while other people answering the
survey will be asked about boys and men.58

D15a People differ in their ideas about the ages at which girls or women become adults, middle-aged and
old. At what age, approximately, would you say girls or women become adults?

INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL ITEMS ASKING FOR AN AGE:

If respondent states ‘It depends’ accept answer and do NOT probe.
If respondent provides an age range, ask for a specific age within that range.
If respondent cannot give specific age, code as ‘Don’t know’.

TYPE IN AGE

(It depends) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D16a And at what age, approximately, would you say women reach middle age?

TYPE IN AGE

(It depends) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

58 The same translation for this introduction should be used as in ESS3.

34
D17a And at what age, approximately, would you say women reach old age?

TYPE IN AGE

(It depends) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

We are now going to ask you a series of questions about the ideal age for girls or women to do
certain things, then about when they are too young and finally about when they are too old to do
certain things. In each case please give an approximate age.59

D18a In your opinion, what is the ideal age60 for a girl or woman to start living with a partner61 she is not
married to?

INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL ITEMS ASKING FOR AN AGE:

If respondent states ‘No ideal age’ accept answer and do NOT probe.
If respondent provides an age range, ask for a specific age within that range.
If respondent cannot give specific age, code as ‘Don’t know’.

TYPE IN AGE

(No ideal age) 000

(Should NEVER live with partner not married to) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D19a In your opinion, what is the ideal age for a girl or woman to get married?

TYPE IN AGE

(No ideal age) 000

(Should NEVER get married) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

59 The same translation for this introduction should be used as in ESS3.

60 ‘Ideal age’ = ‘most appropriate age’ (D18a-D21a).
61 ‘Living with a partner’ should be translated in a gender neutral way. It is allowed to translate as ‘living as a couple’ if

this conveys gender neutrality and refers to a not legally recognised relationship. If it appears it is not possible to
translate ‘living with a partner’ in a gender neutral way, please discuss with the Translation team
[email protected].
35
D20a In your opinion, what is the ideal age for a girl or woman to become a mother?

TYPE IN AGE

(No ideal age) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D21a In your opinion, what is the ideal age for a woman to retire permanently62?

TYPE IN AGE

(No ideal age) 000

(Should NEVER retire permanently) 111
(Should NEVER be in paid work) 222
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

Sometimes people are considered too young to do or experience certain things...63

D22a Before what age would you say a girl or woman is generally too young to leave full-time education?

INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL ITEMS ASKING FOR AN AGE:

If respondent states ‘Never too young’ accept answer and do NOT probe.
If respondent provides an age range, ask for a specific age within that range.
If respondent cannot give specific age, code as ‘Don’t know’.

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

62 ‘Retire permanently’ = give up regular paid work.

63 The same translation for this introduction should be used as in ESS3.
36
D23a Before what age would you say a woman is generally too young to start living with a partner64 she is
not married to?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Should NEVER live with a partner not married to) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D24a Before what age would you say a woman is generally too young to get married?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Should NEVER get married) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D25a Before what age would you say a woman is generally too young to become a mother?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D26a And before what age would you say a woman is generally too young to retire permanently65?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Should NEVER retire permanently) 111
(Should NEVER be in paid work) 222
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

64 ‘Living with a partner’ should be translated in a gender neutral way. It is allowed to translate as ‘living as a couple’ if
this conveys gender neutrality and refers to a not legally recognised relationship. If it appears it is not possible to
translate ‘living with a partner’ in a gender neutral way, please discuss with the Translation team
[email protected].
65 ‘Retire permanently’ = give up regular paid work.

37
In the same way as people are sometimes considered too young to do certain things, sometimes
they are considered to be too old.66

D27a After what age would you say a woman is generally too old to still be living with her parents?

INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL ITEMS ASKING FOR AN AGE:

If respondent states ‘Never too old’ accept answer and do NOT probe.
If respondent provides an age range, ask for a specific age within that range.
If respondent cannot give specific age, code as ‘Don’t know’.

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too old) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D28a After what age would you say a woman is generally too old to consider having any more children67?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too old) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D29a After what age would you say a woman is generally too old to be working 20 hours or more per
week?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too old) 000

(Should NEVER work) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

66 The same translation for this introduction should be used as in ESS3.

67 'Having any more children' in the sense of either the first or any additional children a woman may have.
38
CARD 33 Using this card, how much do you approve or disapprove if a woman… READ OUT…

Neither
approve
Strongly Disap- nor Strongly (Don’t
disapprove prove disapprove Approve approve (Refusal) know)

D30a …chooses never to have 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

children?

D31a …lives with a partner68 without 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

being married?

D32a …has a child with a partner69 she 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

lives with but is not married to?

D33a …has a full-time job while she 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

has children aged under 3?

D34a …gets divorced while she has 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

children aged under 12?

GO TO D35

68 ‘Lives with a partner’ should be translated in a gender neutral way. It is allowed to translate as ‘lives as a couple’ if
this conveys gender neutrality and refers to a not legally recognised relationship. If it appears it is not possible to
translate ‘lives with a partner’ in a gender neutral way, please discuss with the Translation team
[email protected].
69 See previous footnote.

39
ASK ALL IN GROUP 2 AT D14a (IF D14a = 2)
Questionnaire B

I am now going to ask you some questions about boys and men while other people answering the
survey will be asked about girls and women.70

D15b People differ in their ideas about the ages at which boys or men become adults, middle-aged and
old. At what age, approximately, would you say boys or men become adults?

INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL ITEMS ASKING FOR AN AGE:

If respondent states ‘it depends’ accept answer and do NOT probe.
If respondent provides an age range, ask for a specific age within that range.
If respondent cannot give specific age, code as ‘Don’t know’.

TYPE IN AGE

(It depends) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D16b And at what age, approximately, would you say men reach middle age?

TYPE IN AGE

(It depends) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D17b And at what age, approximately, would you say men reach old age?

TYPE IN AGE

(It depends) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

70 The same translation for this introduction should be used as in ESS3.

40
We are now going to ask you a series of questions about the ideal age for boys or men to do certain
things, then about when they are too young and finally about when they are too old to do certain
things. In each case please give an approximate age.71

D18b In your opinion, what is the ideal age72 for a boy or man to start living with a partner73 he is not
married to?

INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL ITEMS ASKING FOR AN AGE:

If respondent states ‘No ideal age’ accept answer and do NOT probe.
If respondent provides an age range, ask for a specific age within that range.
If respondent cannot give specific age, code as ‘Don’t know’.

TYPE IN AGE

(No ideal age) 000

(Should NEVER live with partner not married to) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D19b In your opinion, what is the ideal age for a boy or man to get married?

TYPE IN AGE

(No ideal age) 000

(Should NEVER get married) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D20b In your opinion, what is the ideal age for a boy or man to become a father?

TYPE IN AGE

(No ideal age) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

71 The same translation for this introduction should be used as in ESS3.

72 ‘Ideal age’ = ‘most appropriate age’ (D18b-D21b).
73 ‘Living with a partner’ should be translated in a gender neutral way. It is allowed to translate as ‘living as a couple’ if

this conveys gender neutrality and refers to a not legally recognised relationship. If it appears it is not possible to
translate ‘living with a partner’ in a gender neutral way, please discuss with the Translation team
[email protected].
41
D21b In your opinion, what is the ideal age for a man to retire permanently74?

TYPE IN AGE

(No ideal age) 000

(Should NEVER retire permanently) 111
(Should NEVER be in paid work) 222
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

Sometimes people are considered too young to do or experience certain things...75

D22b Before what age would you say a boy or man is generally too young to leave full-time education?

INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL ITEMS ASKING FOR AN AGE:

If respondent states ‘Never too young’ accept answer and do NOT probe
If respondent provides an age range, ask for a specific age within that range.
If respondent cannot give specific age, code as ‘Don’t know’.

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D23b Before what age would you say a man is generally too young to start living with a partner76 he is not
married to?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Should NEVER live with a partner not married to) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

74 ‘Retire permanently’ = give up regular paid work.

75 The same translation for this introduction should be used as in ESS3.
76 ‘Living with a partner’ should be translated in a gender neutral way. It is allowed to translate as ‘living as a couple’ if

this conveys gender neutrality and refers to a not legally recognised relationship. If it appears it is not possible to
translate ‘living with a partner’ in a gender neutral way, please discuss with the Translation team
[email protected].
42
D24b Before what age would you say a man is generally too young to get married?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Should NEVER get married) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D25b Before what age would you say a man is generally too young to become a father?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D26b And before what age would you say a man is generally too young to retire permanently77?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too young) 000

(Should NEVER retire permanently) 111
(Should NEVER be in paid work) 222
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

77 ‘Retire permanently’ = give up regular paid work.

43
In the same way as people are sometimes considered too young to do certain things, sometimes
they are considered to be too old.78

D27b After what age would you say a man is generally too old to still be living with his parents?

INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL ITEMS ASKING FOR AN AGE:

If respondent states ‘Never too old’ accept answer and do NOT probe.
If respondent provides an age range, ask for a specific age within that range.
If respondent cannot give specific age, code as ‘Don’t know’.

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too old) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D28b After what age would you say a man is generally too old to consider having any more children79?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too old) 000

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

D29b After what age would you say a man is generally too old to be working 20 hours or more per week?

TYPE IN AGE

(Never too old) 000

(Should NEVER work) 111
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

78 The same translation for this introduction should be used as in ESS3.

79 'Having any more children' in the sense of either the first or any additional children a man may have.
44
CARD 33 Using this card, how much do you approve or disapprove if a man … READ OUT…

Neither
approve
Strongly Disap- nor Strongly (Don’t
disapprove prove disapprove Approve approve (Refusal) know)

D30b …chooses never to have 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

children?

D31b …lives with a partner80 without 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

being married?

D32b …has a child with a partner81 he 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

lives with but is not married to?

D33b …has a full-time job while he 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

has children aged under 3?

D34b …gets divorced while he has 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

children aged under 12?

ASK ALL
D35 CARD 34 Do you generally plan for your future or do you just take each day as it comes? Please
express your opinion on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means ‘I plan for my future as much as possible’
and 10 means 'I just take each day as it comes’.

I plan for I just take

my future each day
as much as as it (Refu- (Don’t
possible comes sal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

[END TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

GO TO SECTION F

80 ‘Lives with a partner’ should be translated in a gender neutral way. It is allowed to translate as ‘lives as a couple’ if
this conveys gender neutrality and refers to a not legally recognised relationship. If it appears it is not possible to
translate ‘lives with a partner’ in a gender neutral way, please discuss with the Translation team
[email protected].
81 See previous footnote.

45
SECTION F

Now, I would like to ask you some details about yourself and others in your
household.

F1 Including yourself, how many people – including children – live here

regularly as members of this household?

TYPE IN NUMBER:

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

COLLECT DETAILS OF RESPONDENT (F2/F3 ONLY), THEN OTHER

HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS (F2 to F4), IN DESCENDING ORDER OF AGE (OLDEST FIRST).

FOR EASE, IT MAY BE USEFUL TO ADD THE NAMES OR INITIALS OF EACH

HOUSEHOLD MEMBER WHERE INDICATED

F2 CODE SEX

F3 And in what year were you/ was he/she born? (Refusal = 7777; Don’t know = 8888)

F4 CARD 35 Looking at this card, what relationship is he/she to you?

[This page (questions F1-F4) to face following page (household grid)]

46
Descending age order (oldest first) ------------------------------
Person 01 02 03 04 05 06
(respondent)
OPTIONAL:
First Name or initial

F2 Sex
Male 1 1 1 1 1 1
Female 2 2 2 2 2 2

F3 Year born

F4 Relationship
Husband/wife/partner 01 01 01 01 01
Son/daughter (inc. step, 02 02 02 02 02
adopted, foster, child of partner)
Parent, parent-in-law, partner’s 03 03 03 03 03
parent, step parent
Brother/sister (inc. step, 04 04 04 04 04
adopted, foster)
Other relative 05 05 05 05 05
Other non-relative 06 06 06 06 06
(Refusal) 77 77 77 77 77
(Don’t know) 88 88 88 88 88

Descending age order (oldest first) ------------------------------

Person 07 08 09 10 11 12

OPTIONAL:
First Name or initial

F2 Sex
Male 1 1 1 1 1 1
Female 2 2 2 2 2 2

F3 Year born

F4 Relationship
Husband/wife/partner 01 01 01 01 01 01
Son/daughter (inc. step, adopted, 02 02 02 02 02 02
foster, child of partner)
Parent, parent-in-law, partner’s 03 03 03 03 03 03
parent, step parent
Brother/sister (inc. step, adopted, 04 04 04 04 04 04
foster)
Other relative 05 05 05 05 05 05
Other non-relative 06 06 06 06 06 06
(Refusal) 77 77 77 77 77 77
(Don’t know) 88 88 88 88 88 88

47
[F5 Interviewer-coded variable removed for Round 9]

ASK IF LIVING WITH HUSBAND/WIFE/PARTNER AT F4 (IF 01 AT F4)

F6 CARD 36 You just told me that you live with your husband / wife / partner.
Which one of the descriptions on this card describes your relationship to them82?

Legally married 01
ASK F7
In a legally registered civil union 02
Living with my partner (cohabiting) - not legally recognised 03
GO TO F8
Living with my partner (cohabiting) - legally recognised 04
Legally separated 05
Legally divorced / Civil union dissolved 06
ASK F7
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON CATEGORIES FOR F6 (CARD 36)

The set of country-specific categories that are applicable to F6 and are listed in the ‘Consultation outcomes’
for marital status on the ESS9 NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers.

ASK IF NOT LIVING WITH HUSBAND/WIFE/PARTNER AT F4 OR NOT COHABITING WITH PARTNER

AT F6 (IF NOT 01 AT F4, OR IF F6 = 01, 02, 05, 06, 77, 88)
F7 And can I just check have you ever lived with a partner, without being married to them
(or in a civil union)83?
Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK ALL
F8 Can I just check have you ever been divorced or had a civil union84 dissolved?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

[F9 and F10 Interviewer-coded variables removed for Round 9]

82 Note that these sentences should be translated to provide the same stimulus in ALL countries.
83 Countries should include the highlighted text only if civil unions are included at F6. Where these are included the
country-specific names should be added here. Legally recognised forms of cohabitation should NOT be included or
inferred.
84 See previous footnote.

48
ASK IF NOT LIVING WITH A HUSBAND/WIFE/PARTNER AT F4 OR ARE COHABITING AT F6 (IF NOT
01 AT F4, OR IF F6 = 03, 04)
F11 CARD 37 This question is about your legal marital status not about who you
may or may not be living with. Which one of the descriptions on this card
describes your legal marital status now?

CODE ONE ONLY: PRIORITY CODE85

Legally married 01
In a legally registered civil union 02
Legally separated 03
Legally divorced / Civil union dissolved 04
Widowed / Civil partner died 05
None of these (NEVER married or in legally registered civil
06
union)

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON CATEGORIES FOR F11 (CARD 37)

The set of country-specific categories that are applicable to F11 and are listed in the ‘Consultation
outcomes’ for marital status on the ESS9 NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers.

[F12 Interviewer-coded variable removed for Round 9]

ASK IF NOT LIVING WITH CHILDREN AT HOME AT F4 (IF NOT 02 at F4)

F13 Have you ever had any children of your own, step-children, adopted
children, foster children or a partner’s children living in your household?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

85 Reading from the top to the bottom of the list, code the answer given from the highest point on the list, e.g. if the
respondent says that they are married (code 01) and divorced (code 04) the interviewer should code this as 01.
49
ASK ALL
F14 CARD 38 Which phrase on this card best describes the
area where you live?

A big city 1
The suburbs or outskirts of a big city 2
A town or a small city 3
A country village 4
A farm or home in the countryside 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

50
[To be asked as a country-specific question(s). To be recoded into the ESS Education Detailed
ISCED Coding Frame].

F15 CARD 39 What is the highest level of education you have successfully completed?
Please use this card.

INTERVIEWER: Successful completion occurs when either:

• a formal certificate is issued after an assessment indicating that the course has been passed;
• a course or period of education is fully attended but no certificate is ever issued;
• a course or period of education is fully attended and a certificate of attendance is issued (and
no other certificates e.g. for passing the course are ever issued).

not completed ISCED level 1 000

ISCED 1, completed primary education 113
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 129
ISCED 3
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 3 221
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 222
Qualification from a vocational ISCED 2 programme giving access to ISCED 3 (general or all) 223
Qualification from general/pre-vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 212
Qualification from general ISCED 2A programmes, access to ISCED 3A general or all 3 213
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 229
ISCED level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 321
level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 322
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 323
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3 programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED level 311
5 institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3A/3B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 312
Qualification from general ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 313
institutions
Qualification from ISCED 4 programmes without access to ISCED level 5 421
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 422
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A or all ISCED level 5 423
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 412
Qualification from general ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 413
institutions
ISCED 5B programmes of short duration, advanced vocational qualifications 520
ISCED 5A programmes of short duration, intermediate certificate or academic/general tertiary 510
qualification below the bachelor’s level
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from a 610
lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from an 620
upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 710
a lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 720
an upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 6, doctoral degree 800
(Other) 5555
(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

51
ASK ALL
F16 About how many years of education have you completed, whether full-time or
part-time? Please report these in full-time equivalents and include compulsory
years of schooling.

INTERVIEWER: round answer up or down to the nearest whole year.

TYPE IN:
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

F17a CARD 40 Using this card, which of these descriptions applies to what you have
been doing for the last 7 days? Select all that apply.
PROMPT Which others?

CODE ALL THAT APPLY

in paid work (or away temporarily) (employee, self-employed, 01

working for your family business)

in education, (not paid for by employer) even if on vacation 02

unemployed and actively looking for a job 03
unemployed, wanting a job but not actively looking for a job 04
permanently sick or disabled 05
retired 06
86
in community or military service 07
doing housework, looking after children or other persons 08
(other) 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[F17b Interviewer-coded variable removed for Round 9]

86 This code does not apply to jobs in the military but to compulsory military and community service only. The category
should be removed in countries where there is no compulsory military service (or equivalent compulsory community
service served as an alternative to compulsory military service).
52
ASK IF MORE THAN ONE CODED AT F17a
F17c STILL CARD 40 And which of these descriptions best describes
your situation (in the last seven days)?
Please select only one.

CODE ONE ANSWER ONLY

in paid work (or away temporarily) (employee, self-employed, 01

working for your family business)

in education, (not paid for by employer) even if on vacation 02

unemployed and actively looking for a job 03
unemployed, wanting a job but not actively looking for a job 04
permanently sick or disabled 05
retired 06
87
in community or military service 07
doing housework, looking after children or other persons 08
(other) 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[F17d Interviewer-coded variable removed for Round 9]

ASK IF NOT IN PAID WORK AT F17a (IF NOT 01 at F17a)

F18 Can I just check, did you do any paid work of an hour or more
in the last seven days?
Yes 1 GO TO F21
No 2
ASK F19
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF NO OR DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT F18 (IF F18 = 2, 7, 8)

F19 Have you ever had a paid job?
Yes 1 ASK F20
No 2
GO TO F36
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

87 This code does not apply to jobs in the military but to compulsory military and community service only. The category
should be removed in countries where there is no compulsory military service (or equivalent compulsory community
service served as an alternative to compulsory military service).
53
ASK IF YES AT F19 (IF F19 = 1)
F20 In what year were you last in a paid job?

TYPE IN YEAR:

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

INTERVIEWER: If respondent currently in work (code 01 at F17a or code 1 at F18), ask F21 to F34a
about current job; if not in paid work but had a job in the past (code 1 at F19), ask F21 to F34a about
last job.

INTERVIEWER: If the respondent has more than one job, they should answer about the one which
occupies them for the most hours per week. If they have two jobs that are exactly equal, they should
answer about the more highly paid of the two.

ASK IF IN PAID WORK AT F17a OR F18, OR NOT IN PAID WORK BUT HAD A JOB IN THE PAST AT
F19 (IF 01 AT F17a OR F18 = 1 OR F19 = 1)
F21 In your main job are/were you… READ OUT…

…an employee, 1 GO TO F23

self-employed, 2 ASK F22

or, working for your own family’s business? 3

GO TO F23
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF SELF-EMPLOYED AT F21 (IF F21 = 2)

F22 How many employees (if any) do/did you have?

TYPE IN number of employees: GO TO F24

(Refusal) 77777
(Don’t know) 88888

ASK IF EMPLOYEE OR FAMILY BUSINESS OR DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT F21 (IF F21 = 1, 3, 7, 8)

F23 Do/did you have a work contract of… READ OUT…

…unlimited duration, 1
or, limited duration, 2
or, do/did you have no contract? 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

54
ASK IF IN PAID WORK AT F17a OR F18, OR NOT IN PAID WORK BUT HAD A JOB IN THE PAST AT
F19 (IF 01 AT F17a OR F18 = 1 OR F19 = 1)
F24 Including yourself, about how many people are/were employed at the place
where you usually work/worked… READ OUT…

…under 10, 1
10 to 24, 2
25 to 99, 3
100 to 499, 4
or, 500 or more? 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

F25 In your main job, do/did you have any responsibility for supervising88
the work of other employees?

Yes 1 ASK F26

No 2
GO TO F27
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF YES AT F25 (IF F25 = 1)

F26 How many people are/were you responsible for?

TYPE IN:

(Refusal) 77777
(Don’t know) 88888

88 ‘Supervising’: intended in the sense of both monitoring and being responsible for the work of others.
55
ASK IF IN PAID WORK AT F17a OR F18, OR NOT IN PAID WORK BUT HAD A JOB IN THE PAST AT
F19 (IF 01 AT F17a OR F18 = 1 OR F19 = 1)
CARD 41 I am going to read out a list of things about your working life.
Using this card, please say how much the management at your work
allows/allowed you… READ OUT…

I have/had I have/had
no complete (Refu- (Don’t
influence control sal) know)

F27 …to decide how

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
your own daily
work is/was
organised?

F28 …to influence

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
policy decisions
about the activities
of the
organisation?

F29 What are/were your total ‘basic’ or contracted hours

each week (in your main job), excluding any paid and
unpaid overtime?

INTERVIEWER: 0 hours contract should be coded as 0 hours.

Acceptable range of responses is between 0 and 168 hours.

TYPE IN HOURS:

(Do not have set ‘basic’ or contracted number of hours) 555

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

F30 Regardless of your basic or contracted hours, how many hours

do/did you normally work a week (in your main job), including
any paid or unpaid overtime.

INTERVIEWER: Acceptable range of responses is between 0 and

168 hours.

TYPE IN HOURS:

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

56
F31 What does/did the firm/organisation you work/worked for mainly
make or do? TYPE IN
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

F32 CARD 42 Which of the types of organisation on this card do/did you work for?
CODE ONE ANSWER ONLY

Central or local government 01

Other public sector (such as education and health) 02
A state-owned enterprise 03
A private firm 04
Self-employed 05
Other 06

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

F33 What is/was the name or title of your main job?

TYPE IN
_____________________________________________________

F34 In your main job, what kind of work do/did you do most of the time?
TYPE IN
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

F34a What training or qualifications are/were needed for the job?

TYPE IN
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

[If additional country-specific questions are required for national occupation and industry coding
systems, add HERE]

57
F35 In the last 10 years have you done any paid work in
another country for a period of 6 months or more?
Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK ALL
F36 Have you ever been unemployed and seeking work
for a period of more than three months?
Yes 1 ASK F37
No 2
GO TO F39
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF YES AT F36 (IF F36 = 1)

F37 Have any of these periods lasted for 12 months or more?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

F38 Have any of these periods been within the past 5 years?

INTERVIEWER: ‘These periods’ refer to the periods of more than

3 months at F36.

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK ALL
F39 Are you or have you ever been a member of a trade union
or similar organisation? IF YES, is that currently or previously?

Yes, currently 1
Yes, previously 2
No 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

58
F40 CARD 43 Please consider the income of all household members and
any income which may be received by the household as a whole. What
is the main source of income in your household? Please use this card.

Wages or salaries 01
Income from self-employment (excluding farming) 02
Income from farming 03
Pensions 04
Unemployment/redundancy benefit 05
Any other social benefits or grants 06
Income from investment, savings, insurance or property 07
Income from other sources 08

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

59
F41 CARD 44 Using this card, please tell me which letter describes your
household's total income, after tax and compulsory deductions, from all
sources? If you don't know the exact figure, please give an estimate.
Use the part of the card that you know best: weekly, monthly or annual
income89.
J 01
R 02
C 03
M 04
F 05
S 06
K 07
P 08
D 09
H 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON FRAMING DECILE INCOME QUESTION, CATEGORIES AND CARD

An income showcard should be devised with approximate weekly, monthly and annual amounts. You
should use ten income range categories, each corresponding broadly to DECILES OF THE ACTUAL
HOUSEHOLD INCOME RANGE in your country. Please see the ESS 2018 Data Protocol
(http://essdata.nsd.uib.no) for guidance on data sources to refer to and further instructions on the
construction of categories.

Please note that a showcard must always be used at this question. The ten rows on the showcard should
display the income ranges selected and be preceded by the ten letters used above (or their Cyrillic
equivalent) which helps to ensure respondent confidentiality. Each country can choose whether to include
weekly, monthly or annual amounts on the showcard or include more than one of these as appropriate. The
text in the last sentence of F41 (above) should be rephrased to match the solution selected. Queries should
be referred to [email protected].

F42 CARD 45 Which of the descriptions on this card comes closest to how
you feel90 about your household’s income nowadays?

Living comfortably on present income 1

Coping on present income 2
Finding it difficult on present income 3
Finding it very difficult on present income 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

89 The actual amounts must NOT appear on the questionnaire. Only the letters and the corresponding numeric codes.
90 ‘Feel’: ‘describe’, ‘view’ or ‘see’.
60
ASK IF MORE THAN 1 HOUSEHOLD MEMBER AT F1 (IF F1 > 1)

F42a91 CARD 46 Now please consider your own individual income.

What is your main source of income?

Wages or salaries 01
Income from self-employment (excluding farming) 02
Income from farming 03
Pensions 04
Unemployment/redundancy benefit 05
Any other social benefits or grants 06
Income from investment, savings, insurance or property 07
Income from other sources 08
No source of income 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[F43 Interviewer-coded variable removed for Round 9]

91 NEW QUESTION as part of the ESS9 module on Justice and Fairness. Please refer to item F40 to guide the
translation.
61
ASK IF LIVING WITH HUSBAND/WIFE/PARTNER AT F4 (IF 01 AT F4)
[To be asked as a country-specific question(s). To be recoded into the ESS Education Detailed
ISCED Coding Frame].

F44 CARD 47 What is the highest level of education your husband/wife/partner has successfully
completed? Please use this card.
INTERVIEWER: Successful completion occurs when either:
• a formal certificate is issued after an assessment indicating that the course has been passed;
• a course or period of education is fully attended but no certificate is ever issued;
• a course or period of education is fully attended and a certificate of attendance is issued (and
no other certificates e.g. for passing the course are ever issued).
not completed ISCED level 1 000
ISCED 1, completed primary education 113
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 129
ISCED 3
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 3 221
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 222
Qualification from a vocational ISCED 2 programme giving access to ISCED 3 (general or all) 223
Qualification from general/pre-vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 212
Qualification from general ISCED 2A programmes, access to ISCED 3A general or all 3 213
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 229
ISCED level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 321
level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 322
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 323
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3 programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED level 311
5 institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3A/3B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 312
Qualification from general ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 313
institutions
Qualification from ISCED 4 programmes without access to ISCED level 5 421
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 422
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A or all ISCED level 5 423
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 412
Qualification from general ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 413
institutions
ISCED 5B programmes of short duration, advanced vocational qualifications 520
ISCED 5A programmes of short duration, intermediate certificate or academic/general tertiary 510
qualification below the bachelor’s level
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from a 610
lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from an 620
upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 710
a lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 720
an upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 6, doctoral degree 800
(Other) 5555
(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

62
F45a CARD 48 Which of the descriptions on this card applies to
what he/she has been doing for the last 7 days? Select all that apply.
PROMPT Which others?
CODE ALL THAT APPLY

in paid work (or away temporarily) (employee, self-employed, 01

working for your family business)
in education, (not paid for by employer) even if on vacation 02
unemployed and actively looking for a job 03
unemployed, wanting a job but not actively looking for a job 04
permanently sick or disabled 05
retired 06
92
in community or military service 07
doing housework, looking after children or other persons 08
(other) 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[F45b Interviewer-coded variable removed for Round 9]

ASK IF MORE THAN ONE CODED AT F45a

F45c STILL CARD 48 And which of the descriptions on this card best
describes his/her situation (in the last 7 days)? Please select only one.

in paid work (or away temporarily) (employee, self-employed, 01

working for your family business)
in education, (not paid for by employer) even if on vacation 02
unemployed and actively looking for a job 03
unemployed, wanting a job but not actively looking for a job 04
permanently sick or disabled 05
retired 06
in community or military service93 07
doing housework, looking after children or other persons 08
(other) 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

92 This code does not apply to jobs in the military but to compulsory military and community service only. The category
should be removed in countries where there is no compulsory military service (or equivalent compulsory community
service served as an alternative to compulsory military service).
93 This code does not apply to jobs in the military but to compulsory military and community service only. The category

should be removed in countries where there is no compulsory military service (or equivalent compulsory community
service served as an alternative to compulsory military service).
63
[F45d Interviewer-coded variable removed for Round 9]

ASK IF PARTNER NOT IN PAID WORK AT F45a (IF NOT 01 AT F45a)

F46 Can I just check, did he/she do any paid work
(of an hour or more) in the last 7 days?
Yes 1 ASK F47
No 2
GO TO F52
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF PARTNER IN PAID WORK AT F45a OR F46 (IF 01 AT F45a OR F46 = 1)

F47 What is the name or title of his/her main job?
TYPE IN
__________________________________________________

F48 In his/her main job, what kind of work does he/she do

most of the time? TYPE IN
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

F49 What training or qualifications are needed for the job?

TYPE IN
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

[If additional country-specific questions are required for national occupation and industry coding
systems, add HERE]

64
F50 In his/her main job is he/she… READ OUT…

...an employee, 1
self-employed, 2
or working for your family business? 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

F51 How many hours does he/she normally work a week

(in his/her main job)? Please include any paid or unpaid
overtime.

INTERVIEWER: Acceptable range of responses is between 0 and 168 hours.94

TYPE IN HOURS:

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

94 NEW INTERVIEWER NOTE added in ESS9.

65
ASK ALL
[To be asked as a country-specific question(s). To be recoded into the ESS Education Detailed
ISCED Coding Frame].

F52 CARD 49 What is the highest level of education your father successfully completed?
Please use this card.
INTERVIEWER: Successful completion occurs when either:
• a formal certificate is issued after an assessment indicating that the course has been passed;
• a course or period of education is fully attended but no certificate is ever issued;
• a course or period of education is fully attended and a certificate of attendance is issued (and
no other certificates e.g. for passing the course are ever issued).

not completed ISCED level 1 000

ISCED 1, completed primary education 113
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 129
ISCED 3
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 3 221
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 222
Qualification from a vocational ISCED 2 programme giving access to ISCED 3 (general or all) 223
Qualification from general/pre-vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 212
Qualification from general ISCED 2A programmes, access to ISCED 3A general or all 3 213
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 229
ISCED level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 321
level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 322
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 323
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3 programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED level 311
5 institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3A/3B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 312
Qualification from general ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 313
institutions
Qualification from ISCED 4 programmes without access to ISCED level 5 421
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 422
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A or all ISCED level 5 423
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 412
Qualification from general ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 413
institutions
ISCED 5B programmes of short duration, advanced vocational qualifications 520
ISCED 5A programmes of short duration, intermediate certificate or academic/general tertiary 510
qualification below the bachelor’s level
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from a 610
lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from an 620
upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 710
a lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 720
an upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 6, doctoral degree 800
(Other) 5555
(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

66
F53 When you were 14, did your father work as an employee,
was he self-employed, or was he not working then?

Employee, 1
ASK F54
Self-employed, 2
Not working 3
(Father dead/absent95 when respondent was 14) 4 GO TO F56

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8 ASK F54

ASK IF FATHER WORKING OR DON’T KNOW AT F53 (IF F53 = 1, 2, 8)

F54 What was the name or title of his main job?
TYPE IN

______________________________________________________

95 ‘Absent’: not living in same household.

67
F55 CARD 50 Which of the descriptions96 on this card best
describes the sort of work he did when you were 14?
CODE ONE ANSWER ONLY

INTERVIEWER: Respondents must choose a category themselves. If necessary add:

‘There is no right or wrong answer. Just choose the category you think fits best’.

Professional and technical occupations

such as: doctor – teacher – engineer –
artist – accountant 01
Higher administrator occupations
such as: banker – executive in big business –
high government official – union official 02
Clerical occupations
such as: secretary – clerk – office manager –
book keeper 03
Sales occupations
such as: sales manager – shop owner – shop assistant –
insurance agent 04
Service occupations
such as: restaurant owner – police officer – waiter –
caretaker – barber – armed forces 05
Skilled worker
such as: foreman – motor mechanic – printer –
tool and die maker – electrician 06
Semi-skilled worker
such as: bricklayer – bus driver – cannery worker – carpenter –
sheet metal worker – baker 07
Unskilled worker
such as: labourer – porter – unskilled factory worker 08

Farm worker
such as: farmer – farm labourer– tractor driver– fisherman 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

96 Most of the occupations here have not been annotated. If translators are unable to identify the intended occupation,
contact [email protected].
68
ASK ALL
[To be asked as a country-specific question(s). To be recoded into the ESS Education Detailed
ISCED Coding Frame].

F56 CARD 51 What is the highest level of education your mother successfully completed?
Please use this card.
INTERVIEWER: Successful completion occurs when either:
• a formal certificate is issued after an assessment indicating that the course has been passed;
• a course or period of education is fully attended but no certificate is ever issued;
• a course or period of education is fully attended and a certificate of attendance is issued (and
no other certificates e.g. for passing the course are ever issued).

not completed ISCED level 1 000

ISCED 1, completed primary education 113
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 129
ISCED 3
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 3 221
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 222
Qualification from a vocational ISCED 2 programme giving access to ISCED 3 (general or all) 223
Qualification from general/pre-vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 212
Qualification from general ISCED 2A programmes, access to ISCED 3A general or all 3 213
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 229
ISCED level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 321
level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 322
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 323
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3 programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED level 311
5 institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3A/3B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 312
Qualification from general ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 313
institutions
Qualification from ISCED 4 programmes without access to ISCED level 5 421
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 422
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A or all ISCED level 5 423
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 412
Qualification from general ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 413
institutions
ISCED 5B programmes of short duration, advanced vocational qualifications 520
ISCED 5A programmes of short duration, intermediate certificate or academic/general tertiary 510
qualification below the bachelor’s level
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from a 610
lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from an 620
upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 710
a lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 720
an upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 6, doctoral degree 800
(Other) 5555
(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

69
F57 When you were 14, did your mother work as an employee,
was she self-employed, or was she not working then?

Employee, 1
ASK F58
Self-employed, 2
Not working 3
(Mother dead/absent97 when respondent was 14) 4 GO TO F60

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8 ASK F58

ASK IF MOTHER WORKING OR DON’T KNOW AT F57 (IF F57 = 1, 2, 8)

F58 What was the name or title of her main job?
TYPE IN

_______________________________________________________

97 ‘Absent’: not living in same household.

70
F59 CARD 52 Which of the descriptions on this card best
describes the sort of work she did when you were 14?
CODE ONE ANSWER ONLY

INTERVIEWER: Respondents must choose a category themselves. If necessary add:

‘There is no right or wrong answer. Just choose the category you think fits best’.

Professional and technical occupations

such as: doctor – teacher – engineer –
artist – accountant 01
Higher administrator occupations
such as: banker – executive in big business –
high government official – union official 02
Clerical occupations
such as: secretary – clerk – office manager –
book keeper 03
Sales occupations
such as: sales manager – shop owner – shop assistant –
insurance agent 04
Service occupations
such as: restaurant owner – police officer – waiter –
caretaker – barber– armed forces 05
Skilled worker
such as: foreman – motor mechanic – printer –
tool and die maker – electrician 06
Semi-skilled worker
such as: bricklayer – bus driver – cannery worker – carpenter –
sheet metal worker – baker 07
Unskilled worker
such as: labourer – porter – unskilled factory worker 08

Farm worker
such as: farmer – farm labourer– tractor driver– fisherman 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

ASK ALL
F60 During the last twelve months, have you taken any course or
attended any lecture or conference to improve your knowledge
or skills for work?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

71
F61 CARD 53 How would you describe your ancestry98? Please use this card to
choose up to two ancestries that best apply to you.
INTERVIEWER: Code maximum of two ancestries in total.
If more than two are mentioned, ask respondent to select two.
If respondent is unable to do this, code first two ancestries mentioned.
INTERVIEWER PROBE ONCE: Which other?

First ancestry mentioned Second ancestry mentioned

(CODE ONE ONLY) (CODE ONE ONLY)

British 01 01
English 02 02
Northern Irish 03 03
Scottish 04 04
Welsh 05 05
Irish 06 06
Gypsy/Roma 07 07
Polish 08 08
Nigerian 09 09
Somali 10 10
Bangladeshi 11 11
Indian 12 12
Pakistani 13 13
Chinese 14 14
Jamaican 15 15
Other (TYPE IN MAXIMUM OF ____________________ ____________________
TWO ANCESTRIES IN TOTAL)

(No second ancestry) - 555555

(Refusal) 777777 777777
(Don’t know) 888888 888888

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF F61: Country-specific question (example from UK ESS8 shown above
for illustrative purposes). Translation of the source question wording should be carried out as normal in all
countries. Country-specific answer categories and showcards will be developed in consultation with ESS
ERIC HQ ([email protected]). Responses to be recoded into the ‘European Standard Classification of Cultural
and Ethnic Groups’ available on the ESS9 NC Intranet.

[END TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

98 ‘Ancestry’ in the sense of ‘descent’ or ‘family origins’.

72
 SECTION G

ASK ALL
Now some questions on how the political system works in [country].

Not at Very A great (Don’t

all little Some A lot deal99 (Refusal) know)
G1 CARD 54 How
much would you
say that the
political system in
[country] ensures
that everyone has 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
a fair chance100 to
participate in
politics101?

G2 STILL CARD 54
How much would
you say that the
government in
[country] takes
into account the 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
interests of all
citizens?

G3 STILL CARD 54
How much would
you say that
decisions in
[country] politics
are transparent,
1 2 3 4 5 7 8
meaning that
everyone can
see102 how they
were made103?

99 The same translation should be used for this response scale as in items B2 and B4.
100 ‘Fair chance’ in the sense of absence of discrimination or bias in access to political participation.
101 ‘Participate in politics’: the same translation should be used as in item B5.
102 ‘See’ in the sense of observing or getting access to information on how decisions were made – this does not

necessarily include cognitive understanding.

103 Making decisions in the sense of reaching/creating them rather than formally approving them or putting them into

practice.
73
 The next few questions are about access to education and job opportunities.

G4 CARD 55 To what extent do you think this statement applies to you?

Compared to other people in [country], I have had a fair chance of achieving104 the level of
education105 I was seeking.

(I have
not
comple-
ted a
level of
Does not Applies educa- (Refu- (Don’t
apply at all completely106 tion yet) sal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 55 77 88

G5 STILL CARD 55 Imagine you were looking for a job today. To what extent do you think this
statement would apply to you?

Compared to other people in [country], I would have a fair chance of getting the job I was seeking.

Does not Applies (Refu- (Don’t

apply at all completely sal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

104 ‘Achieving’ should be translated in the sense of attaining, reaching or obtaining a certain level of education. This also
applies to item G6.
105 The same translation for ‘level of education’ should be used as in items F15, F44, F52, F56. This also applies to item

G6.
106 The same translation should be used for this response scale as in ESS6 (items E17-E30). If translators are unsure,

contact [email protected].
74
G6 STILL CARD 55 To what extent do you think this statement applies in [country]?

Overall, everyone in [country] has a fair chance of achieving the level of education they seek.

Does not Applies (Refu- (Don’t

apply at all completely sal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

G7 STILL CARD 55 To what extent do you think this statement applies in [country]?

Overall, everyone in [country] has a fair chance of getting the jobs they seek.

Does not Applies (Refu- (Don’t

apply at all completely sal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

75
 Now some questions on your personal situation. Please remember that all the information
you give me will be treated in the strictest confidence.

[The following block of questions (G8 to G17) is routed based on the respondent’s main
source of personal income, as previously reported in F42a (or F40 for one-person
households). Questions with the ‘a’ suffix are asked to respondents receiving wages or
salaries, income from self-employment or from farming; questions with the ‘b’ suffix are
asked to respondents receiving pensions; questions with the ‘c’ suffix are asked to
respondents receiving unemployment/redundancy benefit or other social benefits or grants.]

ASK IF RECEIVING INCOME FROM WAGES OR SALARIES, SELF-EMPLOYMENT OR FARMING AT

F42a OR F40 [(IF F42a = 01, 02, 03) OR (IF F1 = 1 AND F40 = 01, 02, 03)]

In the following questions, I will first ask you about your gross pay before tax and compulsory
deductions, and then about your net pay after tax and compulsory deductions.

G8a CARD 56 Thinking about your usual pay107, which one do you know best? Please choose your
answer from this card.
[Countries can include any subset of the 3 categories below]

Weekly pay 1
Monthly pay 2
Annual pay 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF G8a

The set of country-specific categories that are listed in the ‘Consultation outcomes’ for Justice and Fairness
on the ESS9 NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers. In countries where two or more
categories are relevant, G8a should be asked to all respondents. In countries where only one category is
relevant, G8a should be skipped and the pre-selected frequency of pay should be included at G9a, G11a,
G15a and G16a.

G9a What is your usual weekly/monthly/annual108 gross pay before tax and compulsory deductions109?

INTERVIEWER: Use 0 if the respondent does not receive any pay. If the respondent
does not have a usual pay, ask them to think of the pay received in a typical
week/month/year.

TYPE IN AMOUNT
[in own currency]
OR CODE
(Refusal) 7777777
(Don’t know) 8888888

107 ‘Pay’: income from work. This applies to all items using this wording.
108 ‘Weekly/monthly/annual’ refers to the frequency the respondent knows best with respect to their pay, asked in G8a.
This should be used to present the frequency respondents selected (‘weekly’, ‘monthly’ or ‘annual’) in the question
wording of G9a, G11a, G15a and G16a; if the respondent refused to answer or answered ‘don’t know’ at G8a, show
‘monthly’.
109 ‘Tax and compulsory deductions’: the same translation should be used as in item F41. This applies to all items using

this wording.
76
 ASK IF DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G9a (G9a = 7777777, 8888888)

G10a CARD 57 Would you be able to tell me which letter describes your gross pay? If you don't know
the exact figure, please give an estimate. Use the part of the card that you know best: weekly,
monthly or annual pay110.

K 01
S 02
D 03
N 04
G 05
T 06
L 07
Q 08
F 09
J 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON FRAMING INCOME QUESTION, CATEGORIES AND CARD

An income showcard should be devised with approximate weekly, monthly and annual amounts. You
should use ten income range categories, each calculated based on the mean GROSS INDIVIDUAL
PAY in your country. Guidance on data sources and further instructions on the construction of categories
will be provided as part of the Justice and Fairness consultation.

Please note that a showcard must always be used at this question. The ten rows on the showcard should
display the income ranges selected and be preceded by the ten letters used above (or their Cyrillic
equivalent) which helps to ensure respondent confidentiality. Each country can choose whether to include
weekly, monthly or annual amounts on the showcard or include more than one of these as appropriate. The
text in the last sentence of G10a (above) should be rephrased to match the solution selected. Queries
should be referred to [email protected].

ASK IF RECEIVING INCOME FROM WAGES OR SALARIES, SELF-EMPLOYMENT OR FARMING AT

F42a OR F40 [(IF F42a = 01, 02, 03) OR (IF F1 = 1 AND F40 = 01, 02, 03)]

G11a And what is your usual weekly/monthly/annual net pay after tax and compulsory deductions?

INTERVIEWER: Use 0 if the respondent does not receive any pay. If the respondent
does not have a usual pay, ask them to think of the pay received in a typical
week/month/year.

TYPE IN AMOUNT
[in own currency]
OR CODE
(Refusal) 7777777
(Don’t know) 8888888

110 The actual amounts must NOT appear on the questionnaire. Only the letters and the corresponding numeric codes.
77
 ASK IF DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G11a (IF G11a = 7777777, 8888888)

G12a CARD 58 Would you be able to tell me which letter describes your net pay? If you don't know the
exact figure, please give an estimate. Use the part of the card that you know best: weekly, monthly
or annual pay111.

K 01
S 02
D 03
N 04
G 05
T 06
L 07
Q 08
F 09
J 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON FRAMING INCOME QUESTION, CATEGORIES AND CARD

An income showcard should be devised with approximate weekly, monthly and annual amounts. You
should use ten income range categories, each calculated based on the mean NET INDIVIDUAL PAY
in your country. Guidance on data sources and further instructions on the construction of categories will
be provided as part of the Justice and Fairness consultation.

Please note that a showcard must always be used at this question. The ten rows on the showcard should
display the income ranges selected and be preceded by the ten letters used above (or their Cyrillic
equivalent) which helps to ensure respondent confidentiality. Each country can choose whether to include
weekly, monthly or annual amounts on the showcard or include more than one of these as appropriate. The
text in the last sentence of G12a (above) should be rephrased to match the solution selected. Queries
should be referred to [email protected].

111 The actual amounts must NOT appear on the questionnaire. Only the letters and the corresponding numeric codes.
78
 ASK IF THE GROSS PAY REPORTED AT G9a IS GREATER THAN 0, OR IF THE RESPONDENT
ANSWERED DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G9a (IF G9a > 0 OR G9a = 7777777, 8888888)

G13a112 CARD 59 Would you say your gross pay is unfairly low, fair113, or unfairly high?

- If you think your pay is unfairly low, please choose a number from the left-hand side.
- If you think your pay is fair, please choose 0.
- If you think your pay is unfairly high, please choose a number from the right-hand side.

Unfairly low pay Unfairly high pay

Extrem Somew Somew Extrem

Very Slightly Slightly Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat Fair pay hat ely
unfair unfair unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair unfair unfair

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 7 8

ASK IF THE NET PAY REPORTED AT G11a IS GREATER THAN 0, OR IF THE RESPONDENT
ANSWERED DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G11a (IF G11a > 0 OR G11a = 7777777, 8888888)

G14a STILL CARD 59 Would you say your net pay is unfairly low, fair, or unfairly high?

INTERVIEWER: If the respondent needs additional instructions on how to use the scale,
please say:

- ‘If you think your pay is unfairly low, please choose a number from the left-hand side.
- If you think your pay is fair, please choose 0.
- If you think your pay is unfairly high, please choose a number from the right-hand side.’

Unfairly low pay Unfairly high pay

Extrem Somew Somew Extrem

Very Slightly Slightly Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat Fair pay hat ely
unfair unfair unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair unfair unfair

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 7 8

112 Please keep the orientation of this response scale as in the source questionnaire, including when adapting it for a
right-to-left language version. This applies to all items using a similar response scale.
113 ‘Fair’ (and ‘unfairly low/high’) in the sense of a fair or just allocation of resources – please choose the term that is

most appropriate in your language and which can be used with both ‘fair’ and ‘unfairly’. This applies to all items using
a similar response scale. In case of doubt, please check with the Translation team [email protected].
79
ASK IF GROSS PAY NOT REPORTED AS FAIR AT G13a, INCLUDING IF RESPONDENT ANSWERED
DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G13a (G13a > 0 OR G13a < 0 OR G13a = 7, 8)

G15a In your opinion, what would be a fair level of weekly/monthly/annual gross pay for you?

TYPE IN AMOUNT
[in own currency]
OR CODE
(Refusal) 7777777
(Don’t know) 8888888

ASK IF NET PAY NOT REPORTED AS FAIR AT G14a, INCLUDING IF RESPONDENT ANSWERED
DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G14a (G14a > 0 OR G14a < 0 OR G14a = 7, 8)

G16a In your opinion, what would be a fair level of weekly/monthly/annual net pay for you?

TYPE IN AMOUNT
[in own currency]
OR CODE
(Refusal) 7777777
(Don’t know) 8888888

ASK IF RECEIVING INCOME FROM WAGES OR SALARIES, SELF-EMPLOYMENT OR FARMING AT

F42a OR F40 (IF F42a = 01, 02, 03, OR IF F1 = 1 AND F40 = 01, 02, 03)

G17a STILL CARD 59 In general, do you think the pay of people who work in the same occupation as
you in [country] is unfairly low, fair, or unfairly high?

INTERVIEWER: If the respondent needs additional instructions on how to use the scale,
please say:

- ‘If you think this pay is unfairly low, please choose a number from the left-hand side.
- If you think this pay is fair, please choose 0.
- If you think this pay is unfairly high, please choose a number from the right-hand side.’

Unfairly low pay Unfairly high pay

Extrem Somew Somew Extrem

Very Slightly Slightly Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat Fair pay hat ely
unfair unfair unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair unfair unfair

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 7 8

80
 [QUESTIONS FOR SUBSET OF RESPONDENTS RECEIVING INCOME FROM PENSIONS START
HERE114]

ASK IF RECEIVING INCOME FROM PENSIONS AT F42a OR F40 [(IF F42a = 04) OR (IF F1 = 1 AND
F40 = 04)]

G8b CARD 60 Thinking about your usual income from pensions, which one do you know best? Please
choose your answer from this card.
[Countries can include any subset of the 3 categories below]

Weekly income from pensions 1

Monthly income from pensions 2
Annual income from pensions 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF G8b

The set of country-specific categories that are listed in the ‘Consultation outcomes’ for Justice and Fairness
on the ESS9 NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers. In countries where two or more
categories are relevant, G8b should be asked to all respondents. In countries where only one category is
relevant, G8b should be skipped and the pre-selected frequency of pay should be included at G11b and
G16b.

G11b What is your usual weekly/monthly/annual115 net income from pensions after tax and compulsory
deductions116?

INTERVIEWER: Use 0 if the respondent does not receive any income from pensions. If the
respondent does not have a usual income from pensions, ask them to think of the income
from pensions received in a typical week/month/year.

TYPE IN AMOUNT
[in own currency]
OR CODE
(Refusal) 7777777
(Don’t know) 8888888

114 Questions G9, G10, G13 and G15 are not asked to this subset of respondents.
115 ‘Weekly/monthly/annual’ refers to the frequency the respondent knows best with respect to their income from
pensions, asked in G8b. This should be used to present the frequency respondents selected (‘weekly’, ‘monthly’ or
‘annual’) in the question wording of G11b and G16b; if the respondent refused to answer or answered ‘don’t know’ at
G8b, show ‘monthly’.
116 Countries should include ‘net’ and ‘after tax and compulsory deductions’ only if income from pensions is subject to

taxation and deductions.

81
 ASK IF DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G11b (IF G11b = 7777777, 8888888)

G12b CARD 61 Would you be able to tell me which letter describes your net117 income from pensions? If
you don't know the exact figure, please give an estimate. Use the part of the card that you know
best: weekly, monthly or annual income118.

K 01
S 02
D 03
N 04
G 05
T 06
L 07
Q 08
F 09
J 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON FRAMING INCOME QUESTION, CATEGORIES AND CARD

An income showcard should be devised with approximate weekly, monthly and annual amounts. You
should use ten income range categories, each calculated based on the mean NET INDIVIDUAL
INCOME FROM PENSIONS in your country. Guidance on data sources and further instructions on the
construction of categories will be provided as part of the Justice and Fairness consultation.

Please note that a showcard must always be used at this question. The ten rows on the showcard should
display the income ranges selected and be preceded by the ten letters used above (or their Cyrillic
equivalent) which helps to ensure respondent confidentiality. Each country can choose whether to include
weekly, monthly or annual amounts on the showcard or include more than one of these as appropriate. The
text in the last sentence of G12b (above) should be rephrased to match the solution selected. Queries
should be referred to [email protected].

117 Countries should include ‘net’ only if income from pensions is subject to taxation and deductions.
118 The actual amounts must NOT appear on the questionnaire. Only the letters and the corresponding numeric codes.
82
 ASK IF THE NET INCOME FROM PENSIONS REPORTED AT G11b IS GREATER THAN 0, OR IF THE
RESPONDENT ANSWERED DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G11b (IF G11b > 0 OR G11b = 7777777,
8888888)

G14b CARD 62 Would you say your net119 income from pensions is unfairly low, fair, or unfairly
high?

- If you think your income from pensions is unfairly low, please choose a number from the left-
hand side.
- If you think your income from pensions is fair, please choose 0.
- If you think your income from pensions is unfairly high, please choose a number from the right-
hand side.

Unfairly low income(s) Unfairly high income(s)

Extrem Somew Fair Somew Extrem

Very Slightly Slightly Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat income( hat ely
unfair unfair unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair s) unfair unfair

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 7 8

ASK IF NET INCOME FROM PENSIONS NOT REPORTED AS FAIR AT G14b, INCLUDING IF
RESPONDENT ANSWERED DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G14b (G14b > 0 OR G14b < 0 OR G14b = 7,
8)

G16b In your opinion, what would be a fair level of weekly/monthly/annual net120 income from pensions for
you?

TYPE IN AMOUNT
[in own currency]
OR CODE
(Refusal) 7777777
(Don’t know) 8888888

119 Countries should include ‘net’ only if income from pensions is subject to taxation and deductions.
120 See previous footnote.
83
ASK IF RECEIVING INCOME FROM PENSIONS AT F42a OR F40 [(IF F42a = 04) OR (IF F1 = 1 AND
F40 = 04)]

G17b STILL CARD 62 In general, do you think the incomes from pensions of people who worked in the
same occupation as you in [country] are unfairly low, fair, or unfairly high?

INTERVIEWER: If the respondent needs additional instructions on how to use the scale,
please say:

- ‘If you think these incomes are unfairly low, please choose a number from the left-hand
side.
- If you think these incomes are fair, please choose 0.
- If you think these incomes are unfairly high, please choose a number from the right-
hand side.’

Unfairly low income(s) Unfairly high income(s)

Extrem Somew Fair Somew Extrem

Very Slightly Slightly Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat income( hat ely
unfair unfair unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair s) unfair unfair

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 7 8

84
 [QUESTIONS FOR SUBSET OF RESPONDENTS RECEIVING INCOME FROM SOCIAL BENEFITS
AND/OR GRANTS START HERE121]

ASK IF RECEIVING INCOME FROM UNEMPLOYMENT/REDUNDANCY BENEFIT OR FROM ANY

OTHER SOCIAL BENEFITS OR GRANTS AT F42a OR F40 [(IF F42a = 05, 06) OR (IF F1 = 1 AND F40 =
05, 06)]

G8c CARD 63 Thinking about your usual income from social benefits and/or grants122, which one do you
know best? Please choose your answer from this card.
[Countries can include any subset of the 3 categories below]

Weekly income from social benefits and/or grants 1

Monthly income from social benefits and/or grants 2
Annual income from social benefits and/or grants 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF G8c

The set of country-specific categories that are listed in the ‘Consultation outcomes’ for Justice and Fairness
on the ESS9 NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers. In countries where two or more
categories are relevant, G8c should be asked to all respondents. In countries where only one category is
relevant, G8c should be skipped and the pre-selected frequency of pay should be included at G11c and
G16c.

G11c What is your usual weekly/monthly/annual123 net income from social benefits and/or grants after tax
and compulsory deductions124?

INTERVIEWER: Use 0 if the respondent does not receive any income from social benefits
and/or grants. If the respondent does not have a usual income from social benefits and/or
grants, ask them to think of the income from social benefits and/or grants received in a
typical week/month/year.

TYPE IN AMOUNT
[in own currency]
OR CODE
(Refusal) 7777777
(Don’t know) 8888888

121 Questions G9, G10, G13 and G15 are not asked to this subset of respondents.
122 ‘Social benefits and/or grants’: a similar translation should be used as in item F40. This applies to all items using this
wording.
123 ‘Weekly/monthly/annual’ refers to the frequency the respondent knows best with respect to their income from social

benefits and/or grants, asked in G8c. This should be used to present the frequency respondents selected (‘weekly’,
‘monthly’ or ‘annual’) in the question wording of G11c and G16c; if the respondent refused to answer or answered
‘don’t know’ at G8c, show ‘monthly’.
124 Countries should include ‘net’ and ‘after tax and compulsory deductions’ only if income from social benefits and/or

grants is subject to taxation and deductions.

85
 ASK IF DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G11c (IF G11c = 7777777, 8888888)

G12c CARD 64 Would you be able to tell me which letter describes your net125 income from social
benefits and/or grants? If you don't know the exact figure, please give an estimate. Use the part of
the card that you know best: weekly, monthly or annual income126.

K 01
S 02
D 03
N 04
G 05
T 06
L 07
Q 08
F 09
J 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON FRAMING INCOME QUESTION, CATEGORIES AND CARD

An income showcard should be devised with approximate weekly, monthly and annual amounts. You
should use ten income range categories, each calculated based on the mean NET INDIVIDUAL
INCOME FROM SOCIAL BENEFITS AND/OR GRANTS in your country. Guidance on data sources and
further instructions on the construction of categories will be provided as part of the Justice and Fairness
consultation.

Please note that a showcard must always be used at this question. The ten rows on the showcard should
display the income ranges selected and be preceded by the ten letters used above (or their Cyrillic
equivalent) which helps to ensure respondent confidentiality. Each country can choose whether to include
weekly, monthly or annual amounts on the showcard or include more than one of these as appropriate. The
text in the last sentence of G12c (above) should be rephrased to match the solution selected. Queries
should be referred to [email protected].

125 Countries should include ‘net’ only if income from social benefits and/or grants is subject to taxation and deductions.
126 The actual amounts must NOT appear on the questionnaire. Only the letters and the corresponding numeric codes.
86
 ASK IF THE NET INCOME FROM SOCIAL BENEFITS AND/OR GRANTS REPORTED AT G11c IS
GREATER THAN 0, OR IF THE RESPONDENT ANSWERED DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G11c (G11c
> 0 OR G11c = 7777777, 8888888)

G14c CARD 65 Would you say your net127 income from social benefits and/or grants is unfairly low, fair,
or unfairly high?

- If you think your income from social benefits and/or grants is unfairly low, please choose a
number from the left-hand side.
- If you think your income from social benefits and/or grants is fair, please choose 0.
- If you think your income from social benefits and/or grants is unfairly high, please choose a
number from the right-hand side.

Unfairly low income(s) Unfairly high income(s)

Extrem Somew Fair Somew Extrem

Very Slightly Slightly Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat income( hat ely
unfair unfair unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair s) unfair unfair

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 7 8

ASK IF NET INCOME FROM SOCIAL BENEFITS AND/OR GRANTS NOT REPORTED AS FAIR AT
G14c, INCLUDING IF RESPONDENT ANSWERED DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT G14c (G14c > 0 OR
G14c < 0 OR G14c = 7, 8)

G16c In your opinion, what would be a fair level of weekly/monthly/annual net128 income from social
benefits and/or grants for you?

TYPE IN AMOUNT
[in own currency]
OR CODE
(Refusal) 7777777
(Don’t know) 8888888

127 Countries should include ‘net’ only if income from social benefits and/or grants is subject to taxation and deductions.
128 See previous footnote.
87
 ASK IF RECEIVING INCOME FROM UNEMPLOYMENT/REDUNDANCY BENEFIT OR FROM ANY
OTHER SOCIAL BENEFITS OR GRANTS AT F42a OR F40 [(IF F42a = 05, 06) OR (IF F1 = 1 AND F40 =
05, 06)]

G17c STILL CARD 65 In general, do you think the incomes from social benefits of people receiving
social benefits in [country] are unfairly low, fair, or unfairly high?

INTERVIEWER: If the respondent needs additional instructions on how to use the scale,
please say:

- ‘If you think these incomes are unfairly low, please choose a number from the left-hand
side.
- If you think these incomes are fair, please choose 0.
- If you think these incomes are unfairly high, please choose a number from the right-
hand side.’

Unfairly low income(s) Unfairly high income(s)

(I only
Extrem Somew Slightl Fair Slightl Somew Extrem receive
Very Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat y income y hat ely income
unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair unfair (s) unfair unfair unfair from
grants)
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 5 7 8

88
 ASK ALL129

Now some questions about differences in incomes in [country].

Figures on incomes show that the top 10% of employees in [country] earn more than [amount per
month or per year] and the bottom 10% of employees earn less than [amount per month or per
year].

These figures are based on income before tax and compulsory deductions for full-time employees.
I’m now going to ask you how fair incomes for each of these groups are.

G18 CARD 65 Please think about the top 10% of employees working full-time in [country], earning more
than [amount per month or per year]. In your opinion, are these incomes unfairly low, fair, or unfairly
high? Please think generally about people earning this level of incomes.

INTERVIEWER: If the respondent needs additional instructions on how to use the scale,
please say:

- ‘If you think these incomes are unfairly low, please choose a number from the left-hand
side.
- If you think these incomes are fair, please choose 0.
- If you think these incomes are unfairly high, please choose a number from the right-
hand side.’

Unfairly low income(s) Unfairly high income(s)

Extrem Somew Fair Somew Extrem

Very Slightly Slightly Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat income( hat ely
unfair unfair unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair s) unfair unfair

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 7 8

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF G18 and G19

Countries should include the amount of income before tax and compulsory deductions for full-time
employees and the time interval (per month or per year) for the top 10% (at G18) and bottom 10% (at G19)
of employees which is listed in the ‘Consultation outcomes’ for Justice and Fairness on the ESS9 NC
Intranet. Both the amount for the top 10% and for the bottom 10% should be included in the introduction to
G18. Queries should be referred to [email protected].

129 Due to complex routing at G8-G17, National Coordinators must carefully check routing to ensure that ALL
respondents are asked the rest of section G (G18-G32).
89
G19 STILL CARD 65 And now please think about the bottom 10% of employees working full-time in
[country], earning less than [amount per month or per year]. In your opinion, are these incomes
unfairly low, fair, or unfairly high? Please think generally about people earning this level of incomes.

INTERVIEWER: If the respondent needs additional instructions on how to use the scale,
please say:

- ‘If you think these incomes are unfairly low, please choose a number from the left-hand
side.
- If you think these incomes are fair, please choose 0.
- If you think these incomes are unfairly high, please choose a number from the right-
hand side.’

Unfairly low income(s) Unfairly high income(s)

Extrem Somew Fair Somew Extrem

Very Slightly Slightly Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat income( hat ely
unfair unfair unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair s) unfair unfair

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 7 8

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF G18 and G19

Countries should include the amount of income before tax and compulsory deductions for full-time
employees and the time interval (per month or per year) for the top 10% (at G18) and bottom 10% (at G19)
of employees which is listed in the ‘Consultation outcomes’ for Justice and Fairness on the ESS9 NC
Intranet. Both the amount for the top 10% and for the bottom 10% should be included in the introduction to
G18. Queries should be referred to [email protected].

90
 G20 CARD 66 In your opinion, are differences in wealth130 in [country] unfairly small, fair, or unfairly
large?

- If you think these differences are unfairly small, please choose a number from the left-hand
side.
- If you think these differences are fair, please choose 0.
- If you think these differences are unfairly large, please choose a number from the right-hand
side.

Unfairly small differences Unfairly large differences

Extrem Somew Fair Somew Extrem

Very Slightly Slightly Very (Refu- (Don’t
ely hat differen hat ely
unfair unfair unfair unfair sal) know)
unfair unfair ces unfair unfair

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 7 8

130 ‘Wealth’ is to be translated in the sense of material prosperity, in the form of valuable possessions and/or money.
91
 Now I would like to ask you about how employers select amongst job applicants in [country]. Many
factors can influence whether a person is recruited or not recruited for a job. We are going to ask
you how much influence each factor has. There are no right or wrong answers, so please just tell
me what you think.

CARD 67 In your opinion, how much influence does each of the following factors have on the decision to
recruit or not to recruit a person for a job in [country]?

Not much or
no Some Quite a lot of A great deal (Refu- (Don’t
influence131 influence influence of influence sal) know)
G21 The person’s
knowledge and 1 2 3 4 7 8
skills.

G22 The person’s on-

the-job 1 2 3 4 7 8
experience132.

G23 Whether the

person knows 1 2 3 4 7 8
someone in the
organisation133.

G24 Whether the

person has an 1 2 3 4 7 8
immigrant
background134.

G25 The person’s

gender. 1 2 3 4 7 8

131 The same translation for this response scale should be used as in ESS5 (items G43-G44).
132 ‘On-the-job experience’ can be translated in the sense of ‘professional experience’.
133 ‘Organisation’ can refer to both private firms and public entities.
134 ‘Immigrant background’ in the sense of ‘the situation of people who have immigrated to a country: they can have

immigrated either themselves or their parents or ancestors may have done so. This term can also refer to social
groups or communities consisting of immigrants or their descendants’.
92
 Now some questions about society in general.

CARD 68 There are many different views as to what makes a society fair or unfair. How much do you
agree or disagree with each of the following statements?

Neither
Agree agree nor Disagree (Refu- (Don’t
strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly sal) know)

G26 A society is fair135

when income and 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
wealth are
equally
distributed among
all people.

G27 A society is fair

when hard- 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
working136 people
earn more than
others.

G28 A society is fair

when it takes 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
care of those who
are poor and in
need137
regardless of
what they give
back to society138.

G29 A society is fair

when people from 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
families with high
social status139
enjoy privileges in
their lives.

135 ‘Fair’ in the sense of a just society. This also applies to G27, G28 and G29.
136 ‘Hard-working’ can refer to intellectual as well as physical work; it can be translated in the sense of ‘working a lot’ or
‘putting a lot of effort in their work’.
137 Please translate so that it becomes clear that both ‘poor’ and ‘in need’ are expressed.
138 ‘Give back to society’: please use a wording that is commonly used in your language, even if the image of ‘giving

back’ is not the same as in English, e.g. ‘(regardless of their) contribution to society’. In case of doubt, please
discuss with the Translation team [email protected].
139 ‘Social status’ in the sense of prestige, social standing and position in society. This can result from birth (hereditary)

or from own effort (merit). Please use a term that is commonly used in your country and language and which can
include both aspects (birth and merit).
93
 STILL CARD 68 And how much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements?

Neither
Agree agree nor Disagree (Refu- (Don’t
strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly sal) know)

G30 I think that, by

and large, people 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
get what they
deserve140.

G31 I am confident
that justice 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
always prevails
over injustice.

G32 I am convinced
that in the long 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
run people will be
compensated for
injustices.

[END TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

140 ‘Get what they deserve’: please translate in a way that is neither just negative nor just positive.
94
 SECTION H

ASK IF RESPONDENT IS MALE (IF F2 = 1)

H1 CARD 69 Now I will briefly describe some people. Please listen to each description and tell me
how much each person is or is not like you. Use this card for your answer.

Very Some- Not like

much what A little Not like me at (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me all sal) know)
A Thinking up new
ideas141 and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
being creative is
important to him.
He likes to do
things in his own
original way.
B It is important to
him to be rich. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
He wants to
have a lot of
money and
expensive142
things.
C He thinks it is
important that 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
every person in
the world should
be treated
equally. He
believes
everyone should
have equal
opportunities in
life.
D It's important to
him to show143 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
his abilities. He
wants people to
admire144 what
he does.
E It is important to
him to live in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
secure145
surroundings. He
avoids anything
that might
endanger his
safety.

141 Having new ideas, with an emphasis on the creative side of having them through generating them himself.
142 ‘Expensive’: in the sense of costing a lot rather than their being ‘luxury’ items.
143 The idea is to show whatever abilities he has, with no assumption that he actually has great abilities. It is important

to him to be perceived as being able.

144 He wants his actions to be admired, not his person.
145 In the sense of the surroundings actually being secure, and not that he feels secure.

95
 Very Some- Not like
much what A little Not like me at (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me all sal) know)
F He likes
surprises and is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
always looking
for new things to
do. He thinks it is
important to do
lots of different
things in life146.
G He believes that
people should do 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
what they're
told147. He thinks
people should
follow rules148 at
all times, even
when no-one is
watching.
H It is important to
him to listen to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
people who are
different149 from
him. Even when
he disagrees
with them, he still
wants to
understand
them.
I It is important to
him to be humble 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
and modest. He
tries not to draw
attention to
himself.
J Having a good
time is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
important to him.
He likes to
“spoil”150 himself.
K It is important to
him to make his 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
own decisions
about what he
does. He likes to
be free and not
depend151 on
others.

146 Important for himself (his life) is the focus.

147 The idea here is that when someone else tells you what to do in actual interpersonal interaction (implying also that
the person has some authority), you should do it.
148 ‘Rules’ in the sense of ‘rules and regulations’.
149 ‘Different’ in almost any way. The key idea is that he sees difference/diversity positively and as something worth

learning about.
150 ‘Spoil himself’: ‘treat himself’ is another idiom. Strongly negative ‘self-indulgence’ is not intended.
151 In the sense of not to have to depend on people.

96
 Very Some- Not like
much what A little Not like me at (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me all sal) know)
L It's very
important to him 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
to help the
people around
him. He wants to
care for152 their
well-being.
M Being very
successful is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
important to him.
He hopes people
will recognise his
achievements.
N It is important to
him that the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
government
ensures153 his
safety against all
threats. He
wants the state
to be strong so it
can defend its
citizens.
O He looks for
adventures and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
likes to take
risks. He wants
to have an
exciting154 life.
P It is important to
him always to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
behave properly.
He wants to
avoid doing
anything people
would say is
wrong.
Q It is important to
him to get155 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
respect from
others. He wants
people to do
what he says.
R It is important to
him to be loyal to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
his friends. He
wants to
devote156 himself
to people close
to him.

152 ‘Care for’: here in the sense of actively promote their well-being.
153 ‘Ensures’ in the sense of ‘guarantees’.
154 ‘Exciting’ more in the sense of ‘exhilarating’ than ‘dangerous’.
155 Get/have this respect, not deserve respect.
156 ‘Devote’: is intended to convey deep concern for these people and readiness to invest his time, resources and

energy in their welfare.

97
 Very Some- Not like
much what A little Not like me at (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me all sal) know)
S He strongly
believes that 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
people should
care for157
nature. Looking
after the
environment is
important to him.
T Tradition is
important to him. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
He tries to follow
the customs
handed down by
his religion or his
family.
U He seeks every
chance158 he can 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
to have fun. It is
important to him
to do things that
give him
pleasure.

[END TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

GO TO SECTION I

157 ‘Care for’: look after, basically synonymous with ‘looking after’ in the second sentence.
158 ‘Seeks’: active pursuit rather than ‘taking every chance’.
98
 ASK IF RESPONDENT IS FEMALE (IF F2 = 2)159

H2 CARD 69 Now I will briefly describe some people. Please listen to each description and tell me
how much each person is or is not like you. Use this card for your answer.

Very Some- Not like

much what A little Not like me at (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me all sal) know)
A Thinking up new
ideas and being 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
creative is
important to her.
She likes to do
things in her own
original way.
B It is important to
her to be rich. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
She wants to
have a lot of
money and
expensive
things.
C She thinks it is
important that 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
every person in
the world should
be treated
equally. She
believes
everyone should
have equal
opportunities in
life.
D It's important to
her to show her 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
abilities. She
wants people to
admire what she
does.
E It is important to
her to live in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
secure
surroundings.
She avoids
anything that
might endanger
her safety.
F She likes
surprises and is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
always looking
for new things to
do. She thinks it
is important to do
lots of different
things in life.

159 Translators should refer to the male version, H1, for annotations.
99
 Very Some- Not like
much what A little Not like me at (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me all sal) know)
G She believes that
people should do 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
what they're told.
She thinks
people should
follow rules at all
times, even
when no-one is
watching.
H It is important to
her to listen to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
people who are
different from
her. Even when
she disagrees
with them, she
still wants to
understand
them.
I It is important to
her to be humble 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
and modest. She
tries not to draw
attention to
herself.
J Having a good
time is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
important to her.
She likes to
“spoil” herself.
K It is important to
her to make her 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
own decisions
about what she
does. She likes
to be free and
not depend on
others.
L It's very
important to her 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
to help the
people around
her. She wants
to care for their
well-being.
M Being very
successful is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
important to her.
She hopes
people will
recognise her
achievements.

100
 Very Some- Not like
much what A little Not like me at (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me all sal) know)
N It is important to
her that the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
government
ensures her
safety against all
threats. She
wants the state
to be strong so it
can defend its
citizens.
O She looks for
adventures and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
likes to take
risks. She wants
to have an
exciting life.
P It is important to
her always to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
behave properly.
She wants to
avoid doing
anything people
would say is
wrong.
Q It is important to
her to get 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
respect from
others. She
wants people to
do what she
says.
R It is important to
her to be loyal to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
her friends. She
wants to devote
herself to people
close to her.
S She strongly
believes that 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
people should
care for nature.
Looking after the
environment is
important to her.
T Tradition is
important to her. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
She tries to
follow the
customs handed
down by her
religion or her
family.

101
 Very Some- Not like
much what A little Not like me at (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me all sal) know)
U She seeks every
chance she can 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
to have fun. It is
important to her
to do things that
give her
pleasure.

[END TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

102
 SECTION I

ASK IF GROUP 1 AT C31 (IF C31 = 1)

To help us improve our questions in the future, here are some final questions which are similar to
previous ones. Please don’t try to remember what you answered before but treat them as if they
were completely new questions.

Now some questions about how you think democracy works in [country] today.160

I1161 CARD 70 Using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the governing parties in [country]
are punished in elections162 when they have done a bad job?

The governing
The governing
parties are
parties are not
punished
punished at all (Don’t
completely in (Refusal)
in elections know)
elections when
when they have
they have done
done a bad job
a bad job

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

I2163 CARD 71 Now using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the government in [country]
protects citizens against poverty?

The government The government

does not protect protects citizens (Don’t
(Refusal)
citizens against against poverty know)
poverty at all completely

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

I3164 CARD 72 And using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the government in [country]
explains its decisions to voters?

The The
government government
does not explains (Don’t
(Refusal)
explain its its decisions know)
decisions to voters
to voters at all completely

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

INTERVIEWER: THANK RESPONDENT AND END INTERVIEW.

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

INTERVIEWER THEN ANSWER SECTION J BELOW

160 Please refer to the introduction before item E17 in ESS6 to guide the translation. Note that the introduction is not
identical to ESS6.
161 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C35.
162 ‘Punished in elections’ in the sense of ‘getting fewer votes than in the previous election’.
163 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C36.
164 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C37.

103
 ASK IF GROUP 2 AT C31 (IF C31 = 2)

To help us improve our questions in the future, here are some final questions which are similar to
previous ones. Please don’t try to remember what you answered before but treat them as if they
were completely new questions.

Now some questions about how you think democracy works in [country] today.165

I4166 CARD 73 Using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the governing parties in [country]
are punished in elections167 when they have done a bad job?

The governing The governing

parties are not parties are
punished at all punished in (Don’t
(Refusal)
in elections elections when know)
when they have they have done
done a bad job a bad job

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 77 88

I5168 CARD 74 Now using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the government in [country]
protects citizens against poverty?

The government
The government
does not protect (Don’t
protects citizens (Refusal)
citizens against know)
against poverty
poverty at all

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 77 88

I6169 CARD 75 And using this card, please tell me to what extent you think the government in [country]
explains its decisions to voters?

The government The government

does not explain explains (Don’t
(Refusal)
its decisions its decisions know)
to voters at all to voters

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 77 88

INTERVIEWER: THANK RESPONDENT AND END INTERVIEW.

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

INTERVIEWER THEN ANSWER SECTION J BELOW

165 Please refer to the introduction before item E17 in ESS6 to guide the translation. Note that the introduction is not
identical to ESS6.
166 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C38.
167 ‘Punished in elections’ in the sense of ‘getting fewer votes than in the previous election’.
168 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C39.
169 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C40.

104
 ASK IF GROUP 3 AT C31 (IF C31 = 3)

To help us improve our questions in the future, here are some final questions which are similar to
previous ones. Please don’t try to remember what you answered before but treat them as if they
were completely new questions.

Now some questions about how you think democracy works in [country] today.170

CARD 76 Using this card, please tell me to what extent you think each of the following statements applies
in [country]. READ OUT EACH STATEMENT

Does not Applies (Refu- (Don’t

apply at all completely sal) know)

I7171 Governing parties

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
in [country] are
punished in
elections172 when
they have done a
bad job.

I8173 The government in

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
[country] protects
citizens against
poverty.

I9174 The government in

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
[country] explains
its decisions to
voters.

INTERVIEWER: THANK RESPONDENT AND END INTERVIEW.

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

INTERVIEWER THEN ANSWER SECTION J BELOW

170 Please refer to the introduction before item E17 in ESS6 to guide the translation. Note that the introduction is not
identical to ESS6.
171 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C32.
172 ‘Punished in elections’ in the sense of ‘getting fewer votes than in the previous election’.
173 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C33.
174 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C34.

105
SECTION J

THESE QUESTIONS ARE FOR THE INTERVIEWER TO ANSWER

QUESTIONS ON THE INTERVIEW AS A WHOLE

J1 Did the respondent ask for clarification on any questions?

Never 1
Almost never 2
Now and then 3
Often 4
Very often 5

Don’t know 8

J2 Did you feel that the respondent was reluctant to answer

any questions?

Never 1
Almost never 2
Now and then 3
Often 4
Very often 5

Don’t know 8

J3 Did you feel that the respondent tried to answer

the questions to the best of his or her ability?

Never 1
Almost never 2
Now and then 3
Often 4
Very often 5

Don’t know 8

106
J4 Overall, did you feel that the respondent understood
the questions?

Never 1
Almost never 2
Now and then 3
Often 4
Very often 5

Don’t know 8

J5 Was anyone else present, who interfered with the interview?

Yes 1 ASK J6
No 2 GO TO J6a

CODE IF ANYONE INTERFERED WITH THE INTERVIEW AT J5 (IF J5 = 1)

J6 Who was this? CODE ALL THAT APPLY

Husband/wife/partner 1
Son/daughter (inc. step, adopted, foster, child of partner) 2
Parent/parent-in-law/step-parent/partner’s parent 3
Other relative 4
Other non-relative 5

Don’t know 8

J6a To what extent did the respondent use the showcards?

Respondent used all of the applicable showcards 1

Respondent used only some of the applicable showcards 2
Respondent refused/ was unable to use the showcards at all 3

Don’t know 8

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J7 In which language was the interview conducted?
[use pre-specified ISO 639-2 codes for all languages that questionnaire is translated into]

[First language that questionnaire translated into] [appropriate ISO 639-2 code]
[Second language questionnaire translated into] [appropriate ISO 639-2 code]
etc

J8 Interviewer ID.________________________

NOTE: THIS NUMBER MUST BE EXCLUSIVE TO INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWERS AND MUST NOT BE
SHARED

J9 If you have any additional comments on the interview, please type them in the space below.

THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE TIME TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

END OF INTERVIEWER QUESTIONNAIRE

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