CHAPTER 7 - CLASSES AND OBJECTS

CHAPTER 7 CLASSES AND OBJECTS

One mark questions:

1. What is an object? (K)
ANS: An object is a collection of data members and associated member functions.
2. What is a class? (K)
ANS: A class is a collection of objects that have identical properties, common behavior and
shared relationship.
3. What does the class definition specify? (S)
ANS: A class definition is a process of naming a class and data variables, and interface
operation of the class.
4. What does the class declaration specify? (S)
ANS: A class declaration specifies the representation of objects of the class and set of
operations that can be applied to such objects.
5. Why are access specifier used? (U)
ANS: Class is specified by three levels of access protection for hiding data and function
members internal to the class.
6. Mention any one access specifier? (U)
ANS: private
7. Which is the default access specifier? (U)
ANS: private
8. Which operator is used to access members of a class? (U)
ANS: (::) scope resolution operator.
9. Which type of data members can be accessed outside the class? (U)
ANS: Public members
10. What is the use/significance of scope resolution operator? (U)
ANS: To define member function outside the class declaration.
11. What is an array of objects? (U)
ANS: Collection of objects of same class (type).
12. Can an array be a member of a class? (U)
ANS: Yes
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13. What are data members? (U)

ANS: The variables declared inside a class are known as data members.
14. What is the use of member-functions? (U)
ANS: Member-functions are used to interact with data contained within user defined type.
15. What are access specifiers? (U)
ANS: Every data member of a class is specified by three levels of access protection for
hiding data and function members internal to the class. They are Private , Public and
Protected.
16. How do you access a member function of a class? (U)
ANS: Using dot (.) operator
Syntax: ObjectName . memberFunctionName();
17. What are class instances called as? (U)
ANS: Objects
18. Write the syntax to declare an object of a class. (U)
ANS: Class_name object_name;
19. Give an example for object declaration. (U)
ANS: Student st;
Two marks questions:
1. What is the difference between class definition and class declaration? (U)
ANS: A class definition is a process of naming a class and data variables, and interface
operation of the class.
A class declaration specifies the representation of objects of the class and set of operations
that can be applied to such objects.
2. Write the syntax of class definition. (U)
ANS:

class className

private :

Data Member;

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Member functions;

public :

Data Member;

Member functions;

protected :

Data Member ;

Member functions;

};
returnType className : : memberFunctionName ( arg1, arg2, ….argN)
{
function body;
}

3. Why are access specifiers used? Mention the different access specifiers. (U)
ANS: Class is specified by three levels of access protection for hiding data and function
members internal to the class.

4. How do you access the class member? Explain with syntax. (U)
ANS: The member of the class can be data or functions.
protected members of the class can be accessed only through the member
functions of the class.
The public data members of objects of a class can be accessed using direct member
access operator (.).
a) Syntax for accessing a data member of the class:
ObjectName . dataMember;
b) Syntax for accessing a member function of the class:

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Object_Name . member_function(arguments)
5. Describe the significance of scope resolution operator. (U)
ANS: Scope resolution operator (::) is used to define the member function outside the
class.
6. How do you define a member function outside the class definition? Write the syntax. (U)
ANS: Using Scope resolution operator (::)
Syntax:
returnType className : : memberFunctionName ( arg1, arg2, ….argN)
{
function body;
}

7. Describe how to create an object with syntax and example. (U)

ANS: Syntax:
class ClassName
{
private : //Members
public : //Members
};
Class ClassName ObjectName1, ObjectName2,……;
Example: student st;
8. Explain with suitable example how arrays can be used as data member of a class. (U)
ANS:
class array
{
private:
int a[10]; // arrays as data member of a class
public:
void getdata ()
{
Cout<<”Enter 10 elements”;
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For(i=0;i<10;i++)
Cin>>a[i];
}
};
9. Discuss private access specifier. (K)
ANS: private access means a member data can only be accessed by the class member
function or friend function.
private cannot be accessed from
outside the class.

private:
int x;
float y;
10. Explain public access specifier with example. (K)
ANS: public access means that member can be accessed any function inside or outside
the class.
public functions of a class provide interface for accessing the private and
protected members of the class.
11. Explain protected access specifier. (K)
ANS: The members which are declared using protected can be accessed only by the
member functions, friend of the class and also the member functions derived from this
class.
12. How are objects passed as an argument to a function? (A)
ANS:
o Copy of entire object is passed to function ( Pass by value)
o Only address of the object is transferred to the function (Pass by reference)
13. What are member functions? Name two methods to define member functions. (U)
ANS: Member functions are functions that are included within a class (Member functions
are also called Methods).

o Inside class definition

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o Outside class definition

14. Give an example to define a member function inside the class. (U)
ANS:
class rectangle
{
int length, breadth, area;
public:
void getData( ) // defining the member function inside the class
{
cout<< ” Enter the values for Length and Breadth”;
cin>>length>>breadth;
}
};
15. Give an example to define a member function outside the class. (U)
ANS:
class rectangle
{
int length, breadth, area;
public:
void get_data( );
};
Void rectangle :: getData( ) // defining the member function outside the class

{
cout<< ” Enter the values for Length and Breadth”;
cin>>length>>breadth;
}

16. Explain array of objects with an example. (U)

ANS: An array having class type elements is known as array of objects.

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array.
class student
{
private:
int Name[10], rollno;
public:
void getdata ()
};
Student st[100]; //array of objects

17. How do you access the class members? Explain with syntax and example. (U)
ANS: The public data members of objects of a class can be accessed using direct member
access operator (.).
a) Syntax for accessing a data member of the class:
ObjectName . dataMember;
Example: st.rollno;
b) Syntax for accessing a member function of the class:
ObjectName . memberFunction(arguments)
Example: st.getdata( );
18. Write the characteristics of a member function defined outside the class. (K)
ANS:

the class with the name of member function.

the class name followed by two
colons (::) named scope resolution operator.
19. What is the significance of a class in OOP? (U)

ANS: Class is used in object-oriented programming to describe one or more objects.It

serves as a template for creating specific objects within a program.
20. How do you define an array of objects? (U)

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array.
Example: Employee emp[3]; // Here ‘Employee’ is the name of a class
21. Explain how to define objects of a class with example. (U)
ANS: An object is a real world element which is identifiable entity with some characteristics
(attributes) and behavior (functions).
An object is an instance of a class. Objects are sometimes called as instance variables.
An object is normally defined in the main ( ) function.
Example :
class Student
{
private:
int rollno;
char name[20];
public:
void get_data( );
void display( );
};
Student S1, S2, S3;
//creation of objects

22. Write the difference between class definition and class declaration. (U)
ANS: Definition and Declaration of Classes:
class definition is a process of naming a class and data variables, and interface
operation of the class.
The variables declared inside a class are known as data members.
The functions declared inside a class are known as member functions.
class declaration specifies the representation of objects of the class and set of
operations that can be applied to such objects.
The general syntax of the class declaration is:

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CHAPTER 7 - CLASSES AND OBJECTS

class className
{
private :
Data Member;
Member functions;
public :
Data Member;
Member functions;
protected :
Data Member ;
Member functions;
};
className objectName;

Five marks questions:

1. Explain the class definition with syntax and example. (U)
ANS: Declaration of Classes:
class definition is a process of naming a class and data variables, and interface
operation of the class.
The variables declared inside a class are known as data members.
The functions declared inside a class are known as member functions.
The general syntax of the class declaration is:

class ClassName
{
private :
Data Member;
Member functions;
public :
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Data Member;
Member functions;
protected :
Data Member ;
Member functions;
};

2. Explain the access specifiers with example. (U)

ANS:

data and function members internal to the class.

private:
private access means a member data can only be accessed by the class member
function or friend function.
private cannot be accessed from
outside the class.

functions of the class. This property is also called information hiding.

private:
int x;
float y;
protected:
protected can be accessed only by the member
functions, friend of the class and also the member functions derived from this class.

protected access specifier is similar to private access specifiers.

public:

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public access means that member can be accessed any function inside or outside the
class.
public functions of a class provide interface for accessing the private and
protected members of the class.

3. How do we define member functions? Explain any one with example. (U)
4. Explain how do we define member function inside the class definition. Give example. (U)
ANS: Member Function:

also called Methods).

o Inside class definition

o Outside class definition
Inside class definition:

replaced by actual function definition inside the class.

class rectangle
{
int length, breadth, area;

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public:
void get_data( )
{
cout<< ” Enter the values for Length and Breadth”;
cin>>length>>breadth;
}
void compute( )
{
area = length * breadth;
}
void display( )
{
cout<<” The area of rectangle is”<<area;
}
}; //Class closing

5. Explain how do we define member function outside the class definition. Give example.
(U)
ANS: Outside class definition:
aration, you must link the class name of
the class with the name of member function.

colons (::).
::) are called scope resolution operator.
n operator (::) is used to define the member function outside the class.

returnType className : : memberFunctionName( arg1, arg2, ….argN)

{
function body;
}

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class operation
{
private:
int a, b;
public:
int sum( );
int product( );
};
int operation : : sum( )
{
return (a+b);
}
int operation : : product( )
{
return (a * b);
}

6. What are member functions? Write the characteristics of member functions. (U)
ANS: Member Function:
ber functions are functions that are included within a class (Member functions are
also called Methods).
7. How do you create an object of a class? Explain with a programming example. (U)
ANS:
h some characteristics
(attributes) and behavior (functions).

follows:
class ClassName
{
private : //Members
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public : //Members
};
class ClassName ObjectName1, ObjectName2,……;
// where class keyword is optional.

8. Explain arrays as member of the class with suitable programming example. (U)
ANS:
Array as member of classes:

This is illustrated in the following program.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class array
{
private:
int a[10], m;
public:
void readarray( );
void displayarray( );
};
void array : : readarray( )
{
cout<<”Enter “<<m<<”Array 10 elements”<<endl;
for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
cin>> a[i];
}
void array : : displayarray( )
{
cout<<”Array elements are:”<<endl;
for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
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cout<< a[i]<<”\t”;
}
void main( )
{
int n;
array a;
clrscr( );
a.readarray( );
a.dispalyarray( );
getch( );
}
OUTPUT:
Input number of elements: 5
Enter 5 Array elements
10 20 30 40 50
Array elements are:
10 20 30 40 50
9. What is array of objects? Explain with an example. (U)
ANS: Array of Objects:

nd is defined in the same way as any other

array.

class employee
{
private:
char name[10];
int age;
public:
void readdata( );
void displaydata( );
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};
employee supervisor[3];
employee salesExecutive[5];
employee teamLeader[10];

ample, the array supervisor contains 3 objects namely supervisor[0],

supervisor[1], supervisor[2].

10. Describe how the objects can be used as function arguments. (U)
Objects as function arguments:

to any other data being sent as function argument.

o Copy of entire object is passed to function ( Pass by value)

o Only address of the object is transferred to the function (Pass by reference)
pass by value, copy of object is passed to the function.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class exam
{
private:
float phy, che, mat ;
public:

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void readdata( )
{
cout<<”Input Physics Marks” ;
cin>>phy;
}
void total(exam PU , exam CT)
{
phy = PU.phy + CT.phy;
}
void display( )
{
cout<< “Physics :” <<phy<<endl;
}
};
void main( );
{
Exam PUC, CET, PucCet;
clrscr( );
cout<<”Enter PUC Marks”<<endl;
PUC . readdata( );
cout<<”Enter CET Marks”<<endl;
CET . readdata( );
PucCet . total(PUC, CET);
cout<<”Total marks of PUC and CET is:” <<endl;
PucCet . display( );
}
OUTPUT:
Enter PUC Marks
Input Physics marks :
67
Enter CET Marks
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Input Physics marks :

60
Total marks of PUC and CET is:
Physics: 127

pass by reference, when an address of an object is passed to the function, the

function directly works on the original object used in function call.
function will reflect in the original
object, because the function is making changes in the original object itself.

object and not the entire object.

11. Difference between Structure and Classes:
ANS:
Structure Classes
A structure is defined with the struct
A class is defined with the class keyword
keyword
All the member of a structure are
All the members of a class are private by default
public by default
Structure cannot be inherited Class can be inherited
A structure contains only data A class contain both data member and member
member functions
Classes having data hiding features by using
There is no data hiding features access specifiers(public, private,protected)

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