CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Information Technology has long been regarded as a modern enabler. It

enables various industries and institutions to improve its day-to-day operations as

well as consumers’ satisfaction by utilizing automated procedures. The utilization

of IT-based solutions in the health care industry is propelling its growth. These

systems make data gathering and accessing more efficient and faster. It also

provides timely and high-quality health care to patients.

JR Viray Dental Clinic was established on 2008 and founded by Dr.

Joseph Ryan Viray at Poblacion, Macabebe, Pampanga. Their mission is to give

quality dental care among kapampangans and neighboring provinces to eradicate

dental caries among their patients.

The clinic uses the paper-based method in collecting records, where

patients manually filled out their information on the registration form which are

then compiled in folders and placed in racks for storage. This causes issues such

as lengthy retrieval of patient records, making mistakes during writing, incomplete

information or misplacing the files. Most customers book appointments by

sending direct messages to the owner’s personal Facebook Page. However, the

owner may not be able to accommodate all messages due to his busy schedule.

Dental staff are also busy and sometimes calls made to the dental clinic may be

missed due to the number of patients approaching the clinic at the same time.

The researchers recommended developing the Dental Clinic Record

Management and Appointment System in PHP to answer the aforementioned

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concerns. The project will allow the dental clinic to handle daily dental

appointments and manage dental records electronically, as well as allow patients

or users to explore dental services. The patients will be able to create an account

where they can book for appointments, edit their personal and medical

information, and view their appointments and treatment history without the need

to visit the clinic. The proposed project is a PHP-based platform that will make

booking dental appointments and managing records simple, convenient, quick,

and efficient.

General and Specific Objectives

The main goal of the study is to develop a Dental Record Management

and Appointment System for JR Viray Dental and Aesthetic Medicine that will

simplify and automate dental appointment booking, as well as the management

of patients’ records.

This study aims to develop the following:

1. To automate the management of patient records that will reduce the need

for manual record keeping, lowering the possibility of data entry errors and

loss of patient records.

2. To create a system that will enable patients to create their own account

where they can:

2.1 Schedule an appointment

2.2 Edit their personal and medical information

2.3 View their appointment and treatment history.

3. To provide an efficient way of managing appointments and ensuring that

they are scheduled in a timely manner;

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 4. To evaluate the system in terms of:

4.1 Functionality

4.2 Usability

4.3 Reliability

4.4 Efficiency

4.5 Maintainability

Significance of the Study

The following will benefit in the study.

Owner of JR Viray Dental and Aesthetic Medicine. The system will help

the owner by having an effective management system where he can store the

patients’ record electronically, organize appointment system, add and edit users

and patient accounts.

Patients. The success of the project will assist them greatly because they

will have a readily available and accessible platform where they can create their

own account, easily schedule their appointments without having to call the

dentist, and the ability to view their appointment and treatment history without

going to the clinic. They will also have the opportunity to learn more about the

clinic's dentists and services.

Dental Staff. The study will help the staff to lessen their workload by

providing a way to easily find patients’ records, easier way to manage

appointments without having to answer multiple calls and messages from the

patients. The system will allow the staff to create appointments, and monitor

appointment details.

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 Researchers. The ideas presented in this paper may be useful to

researchers who wish to conduct new studies on the subject. The results of this

study will benefit neither the present researchers nor future ones, as neither

group can take advantage of the other's work. This study may provide an

important foundation for a new learning theory. It also contributes to the learning

environment of the researchers by providing an opportunity for them to be able to

have a first-hand experience on how data is collected, analyzed, and interpreted.

It increases the researcher’s knowledge in problem-solving, develop

programming skills and interests in technology.

ACLC College of Apalit. The school will be acknowledged for producing a

group of students who develop a computerized system that meets the

requirements of the institution.

Scopes and Limitations

The system will have various features that will benefit both patients and dental

staff. The system will focus on improving the process of documenting patient’s

personal, medical, and dental information, as well as the management of

appointment scheduling. The system will allow the patients to have their own

account, where they can edit their personal information, medical history, book

appointments, as well as view their appointment and treatment history.

Additionally, the system has the capability to generate sales reports, and the

administrator has the authority to modify the services displayed on the website

and disable the availability of booking days for holidays and vacations.

The proposed dental management system has certain limitations that need to be

considered. Firstly, the system does not have an auto-save or auto-recover

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feature in case of power interruptions. Secondly, the patient can only create an

account using a valid email address. Thirdly, the system does not include a

payment feature. Additionally, the administrator will not be able to modify the time

slots, and the website will only display the services provided by JR Viray Dental

and Aesthetic Medicine. Lastly, there is no SMS or email notification feature to

remind patients of their upcoming appointments. Despite these limitations, the

proposed system can still be effective in managing patient records and

appointment bookings.

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 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature

The literatures related to the proposed system are discussed in this

section. These include the tools and programs used to develop the proposed

system as well as the processes that took place while it was being created.

System Software

Martin, Matthew (2022) defines system software as a set of programs that

control and manage the operations of computer hardware. It also helps

application programs to execute correctly.

System Software are designed to control the operation and extend the

processing functionalities of a computer system. System software makes the

operation of a computer more fast, effective, and secure.

Figure 2.1 Windows 10

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Software

XAMPP

XAMPP is an acronym that stands for Cross-Platform, Apache, MySQL,

PHP, and Perl, with the Ps standing for PHP and Perl, respectively. It is an open-

source web-solutions kit that provides Apache delivery for a variety of servers

and command-line executables, as well as Apache api, MariaDB, PHP, and Perl

modules. Until releasing a website or client to the main cloud, XAMPP allows a

local host or server to validate it on computers and laptops. It is a framework that

provides a suitable environment for testing and verifying the functionality of

projects based on Apache, Perl, MySQL, and PHP using the host’s framework.

Perl is a web creation programming language, PHP is a backend scripting

language, and MariaDB is MySQL’s most widely used database. 

Figure 2.2 XAMPP

Browser

Microsoft Edge

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 Microsoft Edge, the replacement for Internet Explorer, now offers users a

genuine alternative to Chrome. Microsoft Edge is Microsoft’s flagship browser

that comes pre-loaded and set as the default for Windows 11 machines.

Launched in 2015, Edge was Microsoft’s answer to the market-leading

browsers at the time, such as Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox. It also arrived

as a successor to Internet Explorer, Microsoft’s previous default browser that was

frequently mocked by the IT community for its poor performance and typical

purpose of being a ‘Chrome downloader’.

Internet Explorer was notoriously slow in comparison to Chrome and

Firefox, in addition to being comparatively feature-poor and dated in appearance.

Microsoft Edge is based on the Chromium open-source project and, as such, the

browser comes equipped with some of the best features you’ll find in any

browser, as well as being considered much faster than its predecessor.

Figure 2.3 Microsoft Edge

Programming Language

Programming languages are the tools that the researchers used to write

instructions for computers to follow. Computers “think” in binary — strings of 1s

and 0s. Programming languages allow them to translate the 1s and 0s into

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something that humans can understand and write. A programming language is

made up of a series of symbols that serve as a bridge that allows humans to

translate our thoughts into instructions where computers can understand.

Types of Programming Languages

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

According to the blog of Matthew David (2022) titled Top 8 Practical

Applications of PHP and Steps to Carve a Career in the Field, PHP is a server-

side scripting language that is widely used for web development and business

application. The open-source tools and high running speed make PHP one of the

most preferred languages for creating interactive websites and web applications.

Some of the biggest web platforms of today, including Facebook, Flickr, Yahoo,

MailChimp, and Wikipedia, to name a few, use PHP in their end-to-end

computing infrastructure.

PHP is an acronym for “Hypertext Processor” and was first released by

Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. PHP scripts can be

easily embedded into HTML documents that are served at the front end of the

server. An interpreter acts as a back-end module integrating into the webserver.

Thus, PHP is an excellent choice for building full-fledged websites based on

static HTML.

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 Figure 2.4 PHP

JavaScript

According to the blog of Athena Ozanich (2022) entitled “What Is

JavaScript & Why Is It Important?”, JavaScript is a programming language

invented to meet the needs of the evolving landscape of the internet. Since its

inception, it has grown in popularity and usefulness and is now present in more

than just web development. JavaScript is the flagship of interactive web

development, and as a result, it is all but universal in this industry. JavaScript is

considered a client-side scripting language, which means that it operates on the

user's browser and does not function on an external device. An example of a

language that is not client-side would be MySQL, a server-side language that

handles any database requests.

JavaScript does not also require anything that can be downloaded to the

user's devices, as modern browsers have the required software integrated into

them. This makes JavaScript much more user-friendly than some other

languages.

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 Figure 2.5 JavaScript

HTML

HyperText Markup Language is the computer language that facilitates

website creation. The language, which has code words and syntax just like any

other language, is relatively easy to comprehend and, as time goes on,

increasingly powerful in what it allows someone to create. HTML continues to

evolve to meet the demands and requirements of the Internet under the guise of

the World Wide Web Consortium, the organization that designs and maintains the

language; for instance, with the transition to Web 2.0.

HyperText is the method by which Internet users navigate the web. By

clicking on special text called hyperlinks, users are brought to new pages. The

use of hyper means it is not linear, so users can go anywhere on the Internet

simply by clicking on the available links. Markup is what HTML tags do to the text

inside of them; they mark it as a specific type of text. For example, markup text

could come in the form of boldface or italicized type to draw specific attention to a

word or phrase.

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 Figure 2.6 HTML

Bootstrap 5

Bootstrap is a free front-end framework for faster and easier web

development and includes HTML and CSS-based design templates for

typography, forms, buttons, tables, navigation, modals, image carousels and

others, as well as optional JavaScript plugins. It is today's most popular

framework for developing responsive mobile design projects on the web.

Bootstrap is a group of reusable strings of pre-written code making responsive

web design faster and easier since you no longer have to write and proofread

CSS code.

Bootstrap is an essential tool for anyone pursuing a career in web design

and development. It creates responsive websites with an easy, functional and

stylish framework that saves the web developer time and work from coding and

recoding simple elements that are used across most web projects. Bootstrap

provides standard and customised preferences affording beginners the

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opportunity to learn to code and seasoned web developers to spend more time

on creating unique and specific websites.

Figure 2.7 Bootstrap

CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is an element of front-end

development responsible for determining the overall styling and layout of a web

page. Working in conjunction with HTML, CSS is directly responsible for dictating

color, background, text color, font, positioning and additional features to the web

browser. CSS is a key component of web development.

CSS contains no instructions on how the site should function or make

decisions, unlike other front-end and back-end languages. Instead, CSS is a

stylesheet language often added to a website’s directory by developers as a

separate file and works with JavaScript and HTML to determine the site’s front-

end appearance. CSS is directly responsible for dictating how background color,

font styling, layouts, borders, shadowing and more will appear on the page,

making it an essential tool for any website project.

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 Figure 2.8 CSS

MySQL database

According to the article of Sajan Agrawal (2020) entitled Intro to MySQL,

MySQL, initially developed by MySQL AB, now backed by Oracle, is a Relational

Database Management System (RDBMS), based on the client-server model.

MySQL is a multi-platform DB that can run on various operating systems like

Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac etc. It is an open-source DB written in C and C++ but

uses SQL as the language to communicate within the DB, and it supports various

data types, namely Character-string, Numeric, Bit-string, Date & Time, Boolean,

and Timestamp.

MySQL is the most widely used DB, along with PHP, to build websites,

and popular examples of them include Facebook, WordPress, Drupal, etc. It is

also compatible with other programming languages like Ruby, Python, Perl, etc.

MySQL provides high performance in such critical situations without

compromising on data since it stores data on multiple engines like InnoDB, ISAM,
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CSV, etc. It offers faster loading because of its memory caching and indexing

methodologies.

Figure 2.9 MySQL

Review of Related Studies

Design and Development of Dental Clinic Management System for Smile

Xperts Dental Clinic

Throughout history, health records have been increasingly significant as a

legal instrument for the exercise of individual rights. It serves as a guide on how

to handle a certain patient. A dental record or also known as the dental chart is

the official document that has all the necessary details about the patient like their

basic information and their medical history.

Dental professionals are required by law to produce and maintain

adequate records. Medical records are vital for defending a complaint or clinical

negligence claim so it is very important to properly document a patient’s

treatment record. In this study, the proponents aim to develop an application

called the Dental Clinic Management System to improve the traditional way of

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managing and storing dental patients’ records to avoid common errors. The

Dental Clinic Management System’s main purpose is to automate the existing

system of the clinic with the help of a computer and the software itself for storage

and retrieval of a specific record whenever needed.

The study was conducted at Smile Xperts Dental Clinic located at

Sarmiento Corner Quirino Highway, Novaliches, Quezon City. It is owned and

managed by Dr. Clarissa O. Sosing, DMD.

Baque-Manalang Dental Clinic Online Reservation

The use of online services nowadays is becoming more necessary in the

various fields. It is because of the advantage and useful effects to many people

when it comes to online reservation because our society is facing rapid growths

of need, availability and development of different commercial web- based

application. The online reservation services differ from the traditional mode in the

capacity to provide services regardless of temporal and spatial constraints. They

are also different from traditional interpersonal services that are delivered face-to-

face.

It allows people to employ Information Technology without being tied to a

single location. This technology enables users to access the site at any time in

any location. A suitable use of the online reservation services and wireless

technology allows new application, management, and reservation for dental clinic

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via online services. The objective of online reservation is to reduce the effort and

the time for the customers to set appointment and to receive services and

improved the reservation validation efficiency.

The scope of this study will focus on the patients, who will use the system

to make the appointment via online service. The prototype can be used by the

staff and dentist to manage the appointment for the dental clinic via online system

for those who would like to set an appointment anytime, anywhere. This study is

mainly focused on providing a website for Baque – Manalang Dental Clinic. The

said website includes online reservation or scheduling exclusively for registered

patients. Clinic information which includes address, site map, profile of dentist,

etc. List and price of services offered and the time allotted for services to be

consumed. Services-directory where the patients can view the information about

the preferred service to take and Information and tips on how to prevent dental

problems.

Guiban Dental Clinic Management System

Due to the development of the Internet, technology has changed certain

aspects of people's lives, and their everyday lives are becoming largely

inseparable from the network. The procedure is much quicker and more effective

with a dental clinic management system than it is with a traditional method.

The Management System has the goal of providing clinic personnel with

high-efficient management tools, computerized and systematic patient

information, and detailed treatment records. This system also will have an

appointment feature that helps staff to access appointments that patients have

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already made. This new system would enhance clinic facilities and make day-to-

day activities more effective.

The role of electronic medical records in improving the quality of health

care services

The Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are considered the most used E-

health applications worldwide due to its impact on ensuring safe and high-quality

health care services, through performing many functions such as documentation,

medication management, practice management, and communication functions.

EMRs manage a wide range of patient data that is organized in digital forms such

as demographic data, medical history, and radiology and laboratory results.

It is estimated that paper-based documentation does not meet the

requirements of high-quality documentation and communication among health

care providers, as it is time consuming, repetitive, and inaccurate. In addition,

several problems are inherited when thinking to obtain information from paper-

based records, since it is considered labor intensive.

This study aimed to identify the quality of health care services' differences

between the adopted and non-adopted EMR in hospitals. Moreover, to identify

how the quality of electronic medical records (EMRs) affect the quality of health

care services.

Impacts and challenges of using electronic records in dental practice

The use of paper-based dental records has disadvantages, such as the

difficult handling of storing the material and accessing it later. The EDR becomes

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a safer option for patient data, having the advantage of storing more information

in a small space, making it more practical to carry out procedures that include

patient material, allowing remote access at any time and guaranteeing security

and confidentiality of patient data. In addition, information on dental care must

follow the model proposed by the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO), as the

division into fundamental and supplementary documents.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Data Gathering for Patient account
Patient Registration: PLANNING DENTAL CLINIC
Last Name DESIGN RECORD
First Name
Middle Name (Optional)
BUILD MANAGEMENT AND
Birthday TESTING APPOINTMENT
Gender DEPLOY SYSTEM FOR JR
Email Address REVIEW VIRAY DENTAL AND
LAUNCH AESTHETHIC
Patient Log In:
MEDICINE
Username
Password

Patient Medical Information:

Nickname
Address
Religion
Nationality Figure 2.7
Occupation
Parent/Guardians Name
Parent/Guardians Occupation
Blood Group Figure 2.7 shows the Input-Process-
Mobile Number
Dental Insurance Osutput Model of the study.
Referrer

Data Gathering for Appointment Booking:

Date
Time
Service Type
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Data Gathering for Dental Staff
Staff Information:
User Name
User Type
 Confirm Password
Qualification
Specialist In
Email ID
Contact Number
Status
Staff Log in:
User Type
Log in ID
Password

SOFTWARE
Notepad++
XAMPP
Programming Languages
PHP
JavaScript
Mark-up Language
HTML
Stylesheet Language
CSS
Database
MySQL

Definition of Terms

Information Technology- is the use of any computers, storage, network and

other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store,

secure and exchange all forms of electronic data. 

Technology – is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of

human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the

human environment.

EMR - Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are a digital version of the paper

charts in the clinician's office. An EMR contains the medical and treatment history

of the patients in one practice.

Prototype – is the original or model on which something is based or formed.

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Database - is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically

stored electronically in a computer system.

Dashboard - is a user interface where information is organized and presented in

a way that is easy to read.

Programming Languages - is a computer language programmers use to

develop software programs, scripts, or other sets of instructions for computers to

execute.

Integrated Development Environment - is a handy piece of software that acts

as a text editor, debugger, and compiler all in one. IDEs are designed to make

coding easier for developers.

Graphical User Interface - is a type of user interface through which users

interact with electronic devices via visual indicator representations

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Project Research Design

This chapter discussed what and how the system will be developed. The

researchers use flowcharts and block diagrams for the system.

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Figure 3.1 Admin Log in Flowchart

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Figure 3.2 Patient’s Record Flowchart

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Figure 3.3 Appointment’s Flowchart

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Figure 3.4 Clinic Staff Flowchart

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Figure 3.5 Add Services Flowchart

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Figure 3.6 Sales Flowchart

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Figure 3.7 Settings Flowchart

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Figure 3.8 Patient Sign up and Log in Flowchart

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Figure 3.9 Patient Booking and Patient Profile Flowchart

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Project Development

This presents the final project plan for the proposed system's

development. This also specifies the procedures and strategies for identifying

needed information sources and defining system requirements. The researchers

used the Agile Model to present the plan for developing the proposed system for

JR Viray Dental and Aesthetic Medicine.

Figure 3.10 Agile Model

Agile is an approach to software development that emphasizes

incremental delivery, team collaboration, continual planning, and learning. The

Agile Manifesto, created in 2001, outlines four value statements that prioritize

individuals, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change.

Agile is a mindset that drives various methods and practices that align with the

manifesto's values. Agile methods are comprehensive approaches to DevOps

phases, while Agile practices are techniques applied during the software

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development lifecycle. Agile is not cowboy coding, lacks rigor and planning, an

excuse for the lack of a roadmap, development without specifications, incapable

of accommodating unplanned work, inappropriate for large organizations,

inefficient, or a poor fit for today's applications. Agile is worthwhile because it

allows developers to adapt to customers' changing needs and stay competitive.

Evaluation Procedure

The researchers employed various evaluation tools, including survey

questionnaires and interviews, to assess the proposed dental management

system's effectiveness. The dental staff who will be the system's primary users

participated in the interviews, providing valuable insights into the system's

features and usability. The survey questionnaire was particularly useful in

collecting standardized and reliable information from the respondents, facilitating

the gathering of sample data configuration required for the system's

development. Overall, the researchers used a comprehensive approach to

evaluate the proposed dental management system, ensuring that it meets the

needs of the dental staff and patients.

Evaluation criteria

The following criteria will be used to determine whether the proposed

system has the sufficient quality to be implemented.

Functionality - refers to ability and quality of the system to do the work for which

it was intended.

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Usability - refers to the ease of use and learn ability of a system.

Reliability - refers to the probability and data accuracy of a proposed system

performs correctly.

Security - refers to the capability to secure the confidential information and

transactions.

Maintainability - is the easiness, accuracy, and safety with which maintenance

tasks are performed after detecting a failure to an asset or equipment.

Instrument and Technique Used

A survey-questionnaire will be used as a research instrument to

gather information from the respondents. This will allow researchers to find out

what is needed for the proposed system to be enhanced.

RATING DESCRIPTION

4.21 – 5.00 Excellent

3.41 – 4.20 Very Good

2.61 – 3.40 Good

1.81 – 2.60 Fair

1.0 – 1.80 Poor

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 Table 3.1

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter includes the software and hardware requirements for the

proposed project's operation. It also includes system screenshots with

descriptions.

Project Technical Description

Before the researchers begin the proposed project, it is essential that they

understand what is being accomplished, what it should look like, and how it

should function. This study discusses the requirement specifications while also

preparing the project. The design of the website helps in the specification of

hardware and software requirements as well as the definition of the overall

project architecture.

The website was developed by utilizing the following software and

hardware requirements.

Software Requirements

The tools listed below were utilized in the development of the system.

System Development Tools

 64-bit Windows operating system

 Notepad++

 PHP

 CSS

 JavaScript

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  HTML 5

 Bootstrap 5

 MySQL database

 XAMPP

Operating System

 Windows 10

Browser

 Microsoft Edge Version 114.0.1823.7

Peopleware Requirement

 Dentist

 Dental Staff

 Patients/Users

Hardware Requirements

These are the physical components that were used in the system's development.

For Development

 Lenovo Ideapad 3 Ryzen 7

 Acer Aspire 7 Ryzen 5

Hardware Specifications

These the hardware needed for the implementation of the system.

 System Unit
Recommended
Mouse (PS2 or USb Port)

QWERTY Keyboard (PS2 or USb Port)

LED Monitor

System Unit or Laptop

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Project Structured Organization

This section shows the screenshots of every page of the proposed project

with their description. The functions and features of the system are shown.

Figure 4.1 Staff’s Log-in Page

In this page, the Dental Staff must enter the User Type, Log in ID and

password to log in and be redirected to the Dashboard Page.

Figure 4.2 Staff’s Forgot Password Form

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 On this page, Dental Staff can create a new password by providing their

registered email ID, new password, and confirm password; if the session is

successful, a confirmation stating "Password successfully changed" will display;

Otherwise, depending on the problem, messages such as "Email doesn't exist" or

"Password Mismatched" will show.

Figure 4.3 Admin’s Dashboard

The dashboard displays the number of patients, the number of

appointments scheduled for today, and the total number of appointments

scheduled for the next several days via the calendar.

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 Figure 4.4 Clinic Staff Page

This page displays a list of the clinic staff's details, and the administrator

can update or delete their profile.

Figure 4.5 Admin’s Add Account Form

This form allows the administrator to create an account for the clinic staff.

Fill in the necessary information, then submit to save the data.

Figure 4.6 Admin’s User Change Password Page

The administrator can update the password using this form. Fill out the

required fields, then save.

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 Figure 4.7 Admin’s Add Patient Form

This page has the form for saving a patient record. Fill in the required

information, then click save to save the data.

Figure 4.8 View Patient Page

This page displays the patient list, which includes personal information and

other information such as medical and dental records via the patient panel, as

well as the authority for the admin to update, delete, and create accounts for

walk-in patients.

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 Figure 4.9 Admin’s Book Appointment Page

This page displays the selected time slot for the patient's appointment; to

complete the booking, the admin must enter the patient's username and service

type.

Figure 4.10 Admin’s View Appointment Page

This page displays a list of appointments, including the time, date, status,

and who is scheduled. The system allows authorized personnel to update and

delete information.

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 Figure 4.11 Admin’s Missed Appointment Page

This page displays a list of missed appointments, including the

appointment's date, time, status, and the name of the individual who missed it.

Authorized staff members can easily update or delete appointments using the

system.

Figure 4.12 Admin’s Completed Appointment Page

This page displays a list of completed appointments, including the

appointment's date, time, status, and the name of the individual who attended it.

Authorized staff members can easily update or delete appointments using the

system.
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 Figure 4.13 Admin’s Post Service Page

On this page, the admin can create a new service posting by filling out a

form. The form contains fields for inputting the service's price, title, and two

separate descriptions. Additionally, the admin has the option to upload a photo to

accompany the listing. After filling out the form, the user can click the "save"

button to post the new service.

Figure 4.13 Admin’s View Service Page

This page displays a list of services and provides the admin with the ability

to make changes to each individual service. The admin has the option to delete

or update the price, name, descriptions, and image of each service. This allows

for easy management of the services offered on the platform.

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 Figure 4.14 Dental Clinic Website

This represents the proposed system's landing page.

Figure 4.15 Patient Registration Form

This section consists of the patient registration page, which includes terms

and conditions that must be agreed before signing up.

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 Figure 4.14 Patient Log in Form

The user must enter the email or generated username and password to

log in and be redirected to the Home Page.

Figure 4.13 About Page

The About page provides users and website visitors with additional

information about the clinic, such as the owner, his social media links, and the

clinic's location and social media links.

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 Figure 4.13 Services Page

This indicates the Services Page of the proposed system.

Figure 4.14 Appointment Page

The available slots and days for scheduling appointments are displayed on

this page.

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 Figure 4.15 User Booking Page

This form displays the selected time slot, and the patient must select a

service to complete the booking.

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Economic Feasibility

This section covers a review of the cost-benefit analysis.

Cost Analysis

The study's cost analysis shows an estimated breakdown of the project's

development expenses.

Project Cost Estimate

WBS Items Hours / Cost per Subtotal Total Cost % of
Days Hour/Day WBS Total
1. Hardware ₱ 22, 000 29.84%
Laptop ₱ 22, 000
2. Software ₱ 1, 728 2.34%
Hosting 1 Year ₱144/mos ₱ 1, 728
3. Internet ₱ 18, 000 ₱ 18, 000 24.41%
Internet Provider 1 Year ₱ 1,
500/mos
4. Testing ₱ 2000 2.71%
Tester 2 Days ₱
1000/hour
4. Developer ₱ 30, 000 40.69%
Developer Package ₱ 30, 000
Total Project 100%
₱73, 728
Cost Analysis

Table 4.1 Project Cost Estimated

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Benefit Analysis

The system that was developed will be beneficial to JR VIray Dental and
Aesthetic Medicine. The staff and the Dentist will be able to manage the patient's
record and appointment by using a systematic Record Management and
Appointment System. The system is simple and efficient.

Project Benefit Estimate

Benefits Price Per Year
Improved Marketing Strategy ₱ 30, 000
Reduce Manual Work ₱ 144, 000
Ease of File Management ₱ 12, 000
Secured Data Files ₱ 13, 000
Total Project Benefit Analysis ₱ 199, 000

Table 4.2 Project Benefits Estimated

Project Limitations and Capabilities

Capabilities

 It provides a unique username and password

 Generates patient case report.

 It can view appointments shown in a calendar style.

 Editing, adding, and updating of records is improved which results in

proper resource management of Dental Clinic data.

 It provides an easier appointment booking method.

 It can generate Sales report.

 It allows the admin to manage services posted and disable or enable

specific days in the calendar.

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Limitations

 The system does not auto save or auto recover in case of power

interruption.

 The system does not have a payment feature.

 The website will only contain the dental services of JR Viray Dental and

Aesthetic Medicine.

 The system does not have a SMS or email notification that will remind the

patients of their appointments.

 The booking slots are fixed.

Project Evaluation

This section shows the results of the conducted survey. This survey will

help the researchers to improve the proposed system.

A. Functionality

Indicators Mean Interpretation

Suitability. Can software perform the 4.4 Very Good

tasks required?

Accurateness. Is the result as 4.2 Very Good

expected?

All links and navigations are working

properly.

Functions are accurate. 4 Very Good

Average mean 4.2 Very Good

Table 4.3 Functionality

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B. Reliability

Indicators Mean Interpretation

Maturity. Have most of the faults in 4 Very Good

the software been eliminated over
time?

Fault tolerance. Is the software 4.2 Very Good

capable of handling errors?

Recoverability. Can the software 4.4 Excellent

resume working and restore lost data
after failure?

Average mean 4.2 Very Good

Table 4.4 Reliability

C. Maintainability

Indicators Mean Interpretation

Analyzability. Can faults be easily 4.8 Excellent

diagnosed?

Changeability. Can the software be 4.7 Excellent

easily modified?

Stability. Can the software continue 4.2 Very Good

functioning if changes are made?

Testability. Can the software be 4.9 Excellent

tested easily?

Average mean 4.7 Excellent

Table 4.5 Maintainability

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D. Usability

Indicators Mean Interpretation

Understandability. Does the user 4.1 Very Good

comprehend how to use the system
easily?

Learnability. Can the user learn to use 4.1 Very Good

the system easily?

Operability. Can the user use the 4.8 Excellent

system without much effort?

Attractiveness. Does the interface 4.8 Excellent

look good?

Average mean 4.5 Excellent

Table 4.6 Usability

E. Efficiency

Indicators Mean Interpretation

Time Behavior. How quickly does the 4.1 Very Good

system respond?

Resource Utilization. System utilizes 4 Very Good

resources efficiently?

Average mean 4.1 Very Good

Table 4.5 Efficiency

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 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter includes the developed concepts as well as the outputs and

results by the proponents. Recommendations for improving the procedures and

applications are also mentioned.

SUMMARY

This study proposes digitalization to JR Viray Dental and Aesthetic

Medicine's Record Management System, which will allow dental clinics to handle

daily appointments and manage dental records electronically, as well as create a

record management system where patients' details will be saved on a database,

and the system will also allow patients or users to create accounts where they

can book appointments and view their appointment and treatment history without

the need to visit the clinic.

During the first phase of the study, which is information gathering, it was

determined that the clinic uses a dentist card to record all the dental information

wherein customers must manually fill out the needed details in the registration

form and the said form will be compiled in folders and placed in racks for storage.

Additionally, the current appointment system they use requires patients to book

appointments via direct message on the clinics official page and the owner’s

personal account.

Through a thorough gathering of data, solutions have been proposed to

the dental clinic. The proponents gathered the requirements to build a Dental

Clinic Record Management and Appointment System for the said dental clinic.

The system is built using Notepad++ as a text editor and source code editor for
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use under Microsoft Windows and PHP programming language for the

development of the system and MySQL for database. The Dental Clinic Record

Management and Appointment System was reviewed by the dentist, clinic

personnel, and patients who are the major beneficiaries of the proposed system.

Conclusion

The staff encountered difficulties such as a time-consuming data entry

and information retrieval as well as lack of proper appointment schedule of

dentist and patients. In response to the concerns mentioned, the researchers

suggested developing the Dental Clinic System in PHP. The project will enable

dental clinic to handle the appointments daily as well as manage dental records

electronically, it will also allow the users to explore the clinic’s offered services.

The proposed project is a PHP-based platform dental clinic management system

that is simple, convenient, fast, and efficient.

Recommendations

The researchers suggested the following recommendations in considering

the data and further analysis.

1. Upgrading the system that would eventually allow the administrator to

adjust the number of available timeslots per day.
2. The researchers propose an SMS function that will notify patients of
their upcoming appointment.
3. Enhancements to the system's user interface and functionalities

through the use of more advanced programming languages and tools.

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 APPENDICES

Appendices A

Dental Clinic Record Management and Appointment System for JR Viray

Dental Clinic and Aesthetic Medicine

Name: ___________________ Position: _________________________

The Dental Clinic Record Management and Appointment System for JR

Viray Dental Clinic and Aesthetic Medicine is a system designed to simplify and

automate the scheduling of dental appointments, patient record administration,

and searching processes of the clinic. The researchers' ability to support their

study with solid evidence will be enhanced by the results of this survey.

Directions: Please indicate your level of analysis by rating the questions from

number 1-5.

5 – Excellent, 4 – Very Good, 3 – Good, 2 – Fair, 1 – Poor.

Questionnaire Rate

A. Functionality

Suitability. Can software perform the tasks required?

Accurateness. Is the result as expected?

All links and navigations are working properly.

Security. Does the software prevent unauthorized access?

B. Reliability

Maturity. Have most of the faults in the software been

eliminated over time?

Fault tolerance. Is the software capable of handling erros?

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Recoverability. Can the software resume working and restore
lost data after failure?

C. Maintainability

Analysability. Can faults be easily diagnosed?

Changeability. Can the software be easily modified?

Stability. Can the software continue functioning if changes are

made?

Testability. Can the software be tested easily?

D. Usability

Understandability. Does the user comprehend how to use the

system easily?

Learnability. Can the user learn to use the system easily?

Operability. Can the user use the system without much effort?

Attractiveness. Does the interface look good?

E. Efficiency

Time Behavior. How quickly does the system respond?

Resource Utilization. System utilizes resources efficiently?

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Appendices B

ACLC College of Apalit

Manansala Building, Mc Arthur Highway
Sulipan Apalit, Pampanga

CERTIFICATE OF PROOFREADING
This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed and went through all the

pages of the Capstone/Thesis study entitled, “Dental Clinic Record Management

and Appointment System for JR Viray Dental Clinic and Aesthetic Medicine”

developed by Arfer Jude A. Flores, Shaine G. Garcia, and Jhennica Mae V.

Torres, aligned with the set of structural rules that govern the composition of

sentences, phrases, and words in Standard English Language.

MILDRED G. CALARA, LPT

Grammarian

Date Signed: June 15, 2023

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