MM 312: Solid Mechanics 2
Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment
School of Engineering and Physics
Final Examination
Semester I, 2020
Face to Face
Duration of Exam: 3 hours + 10 minutes
Reading Time: 10 minutes
Writing Time: 3 hours
INSTRUCTIONS
1. This paper carries 100 marks.
2. This paper has two parts:
i. Part A: 40 marks
ii. Part B: 60 marks
3. Answer all questions in Part A and any four (4) questions from Part B.
4. Write your answers in the answer booklet provided.
5. All required data are provided.
6. You can use calculators.
7. This exam is worth 50% of your overall mark.
8. You should spend an average of 60 minutes for Part A and 30 minutes
per question in Part B.
Page 1 of 6
PART A (Answer ALL questions = 40 marks)
1. List at least 4 non-destructive testing to measure the cracks on components that
are in service. (4 Marks)
2. Explain with a help of a diagram, what happens to ductile metal under permanent
plastic deformation? (4 Marks)
3. Fibre reinforced polymers are widely used in manufacturing industries. What are
fibre reinforced (FRP)? Give 2 examples of FRP composite material and at-least 2
advantages of using FRP. (5 marks)
4. Laminar composite structures are modern day composite structures. Discuss at
least 5 applications of modern day laminar composite structures? (5 marks)
5. Why do we use Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve structural engineering
problems, and why it is not possible to get exact solutions using FEM? (3 marks)
6. In what way can you ensure that FEM solutions are to the nearest approximation
and what is a convergence test? (3 marks)
7. What do you understand by Bauschinger’s effect? Explain in detail with the help
of a stress and strain diagram. (5 marks)
8. Explain what is strain hardening and strain softening. List in detail the hardening
rules. (5 marks)
9. Discuss in detail the procedure to determine state of stress on machine
component. (3 marks)
10. What is the effect of thermal loading on railway tracks and give at least one way
this failure can be prevented. (3 marks)
Page 2 of 6
PART B (Answer ANY 4 Questions x 15 marks = 60 Marks)
Question 1 (15 Marks Total)
A 3-D space pin jointed frame (PJF) is shown in Figure Q1. An external force of 800 N
and 400 N is applied at point B. Determine the internal forces carried by members BA,
BC and BD and state if the member is in tension or in compression. (15 marks)
Figure Q1 A Pin jointed frame (PJF).
Question 2 (15 Marks Total)
A pressurized tank shown in Figure Q2 has a 0.75 m inner radius, a 9 mm wall thickness
and a length of 4.5m. Knowing that the butt welded seams forming an angle β = 25º with
a transverse plane. Determine the largest allowable gage pressure, knowing that the
allowable normal stress perpendicular to the weld is 261.7 MPa and the allowable
shearing stress parallel to the weld is 52.8 MPa. (15 marks)
Figure Q2. A pressure tank.
Page 3 of 6
Question 3 (15 Marks Total)
A pressure vessel support bracket is to be designed so that it can withstand a tensile
loading cycle of 0 – 500 MN/m2 once every day for 25 years. Which of the following
steels would have the greater tolerance to intrinsic defects in this application; (i) a
maraging steel (KIC = 82 MN m-3/2, C = 0.15 x 10-11, m = 4.1) or (ii) a medium – strength
steel (KIC = 50 MN m-3/2, C = 0.24 x 10 -11, m = 3.3)? For the loading situation a geometry
factor of 1.12 may be assumed. (15 marks)
Question 4 (15 Marks Total)
A beam shown in Figure Q4a and Q4b is made of steel (E = 205 GPa, α = 11.9 x 10 -6 K-1).
The beam is 8 m long and has a cross section of 20 mm x 60 mm. Knowing that the
temperature is constant along the length, the top and the bottom surface has temperature
of 20ºC and 50ºC respectively, determine;
(i) the normal bending stress at x = 2.5 m, (5 marks)
(ii) shear stress at x= 2.5 m, and (5 marks)
(iii) displacement at point H (x = 2.5 m and y = 15 mm). (5 marks)
Figure Q4a. A beam subjected to thermal stress.
Figure Q4b. A beam cross section.
Page 4 of 6
Question 5 (15 Marks Total)
A machine component is shown in Figure Q5 is made of Steel with Sy = 325 MPa. If the
force of 10 kN is applied at point C.
(i) Determine the state of stress at point K (5 marks)
(ii) Using the maximum-distortion-energy criterion and maximum-shearing stress
criterion, determine whether yield will occur or not. If yield does not occur, determine
the corresponding factor of safety. (10 mark)
Figure Q5. A machine component.
Equations:
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End of paper.
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