DYNAMICS INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

NAME : Shemsedin Abdella

CLASS: B
ID NUMBER: ETS 1471/14

Summited to: chemical Engineering department

Date: 31,July 2023
 SOLUTION

1. To find the steady-state position of car A with respect to car B, we need to determine the time it
takes for car B to accelerate from 25 mi/hr to 65 mi/hr.

Using the equation of motion: v = u + at, where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, a is the
acceleration, and t is the time taken.

For car B:
Initial velocity (u) = 25 mi/hr
Final velocity (v) = 65 mi/hr
Acceleration (a) = 0.1g

We can convert g from ft/s^2 to mi/hr^2:

1 ft/s^2 = 0.681818 mi/hr^2
So, g ≈ 32.174 ft/s^2 ≈ 21.9964 mi/hr^2

Substituting these values into the equation of motion:

65 = 25 + (0.1 * 21.9964 * t)

Simplifying the equation:

40 = 2.19964t
t ≈ 18.19 seconds

Therefore, it takes approximately 18.19 seconds for car B to reach a speed of 65 mi/hr.

Since car A travels at a constant speed of 65 mi/hr, its steady-state position with respect to car B will
be determined by multiplying its speed by the time taken by car B:
Steady-state position = Speed of car A * Time taken by car B
Steady-state position = 65 mi/hr * 18.19 seconds
Steady-state position ≈ 1185.35 miles

Therefore, the steady-state position of car A with respect to car B is approximately 1185.35 miles.

2. To determine the expression for the vertical velocity of the rocket t seconds after firing, we need
to integrate the given acceleration function with respect to time.

Given: a = ke^(-bt) - cv - g

To find the vertical velocity (v), we integrate the acceleration function with respect to time:
∫(ke^(-bt) - cv - g) dt = ∫dv

Integrating each term separately:

∫ke^(-bt) dt = ∫dv
-ke^(-bt)/b = v + C1
∫-cv dt = ∫dv
-cvt = v + C2

∫-g dt = ∫dv
-gt = v + C3
Where C1, C2, and C3 are constants of integration.
Combining these equations, we get:
v = -ke^(-bt)/b - cv - gt + D
Where D is the constant of integration.
Therefore, the expression for the vertical velocity of the rocket t seconds after firing is:
v(t) = -ke^(-bt)/b - cv - gt + D
3. To determine the speed at which the basketball at A must be thrown at an angle of 30° so that it
makes it to the basket at B, we can use projectile motion equations.
Let's assume that point A is at a height h above point B. The horizontal distance between A and B is
given as d.
Using the equations of motion for projectile motion:
Horizontal distance (d) = (initial speed)^2 * sin(2θ) / g
Vertical distance (h) = (initial speed)^2 * sin^2(θ) / (2g)
We want to find the initial speed that allows the basketball to reach point B when thrown at an
angle of 30°. Therefore, we need to solve these equations for initial speed.
From equation 1:
d = Vo^2 * sin(60°) / g
d = Vo^2 * √3 / 2g
From equation 2:
h = Vo^2 * sin^2(30°) / (2g)
4)To determine the time between the throws so that the balls collide in mid-air at point B, we need
to find the horizontal distance traveled by each ball and equate them.
Let's consider the first ball thrown at angle 𝜃1. The horizontal distance traveled by this ball can be
calculated using the formula:
Horizontal distance = (initial velocity * time) * cos(𝜃1)
Now, let's consider the second ball thrown at angle 𝜃2. The horizontal distance traveled by this ball
can be calculated using the same formula:
Horizontal distance = (initial velocity * time) * cos(𝜃2)
Since we want both balls to collide at point B, we can set these two distances equal to each other:
(initial velocity * time) * cos(𝜃1) = (initial velocity * time) * cos(𝜃2)
The initial velocities are the same for both balls and can be canceled out:
time * cos(𝜃1) = time * cos(𝜃2)
Dividing both sides by time gives us:
cos(𝜃1) = cos(𝜃2)
Now, we need to find the time it takes for both balls to reach point B. We know that the vertical
motion of each ball is independent of their horizontal motion. Therefore, we can use the equation
for vertical motion to find the time it takes for each ball to reach its maximum height and then fall
back down.
For a projectile launched with an initial velocity Vo at an angle 𝜃, the time it takes for it to reach its
maximum height is given by:
time_max_height = (Vo * sin(𝜃)) / g
where g is acceleration due to gravity.
Since both balls have been thrown with the same initial speed Vo, their times of flight will be equal if
they collide in mid-air. Therefore, the time between the throws can be calculated as:
time_between_throws = 2 * time_max_height
Substituting the expression for time_max_height, we get:
time_between_throws = 2 * ((Vo * sin(𝜃1)) / g)
So, the time between the throws should be equal to 2 times the time it takes for one ball to reach its
maximum height and fall back down.
5. In order to design a slalom course through which the maximum speed is 80 km/h, the testers need
to determine the cone spacing L. It is assumed that the car path is sinusoidal and that the maximum
lateral acceleration is 0.7g.
To find the cone spacing L, we can use the formula for centripetal acceleration:
a = (v^2) / r
Where:
a = centripetal acceleration
v = velocity
r = radius of curvature
Since we want to find the cone spacing L, we need to find the radius of curvature first. The maximum
lateral acceleration can be converted to meters per second squared (m/s^2) by multiplying it by 9.8
(acceleration due to gravity).
Given:
Maximum lateral acceleration = 0.7g
Maximum speed = 80 km/h
Converting maximum speed from km/h to m/s:
80 km/h * (1000 m/1 km) * (1 h/3600 s) ≈ 22.22 m/s
Converting maximum lateral acceleration from g to m/s^2:
0.7g * 9.8 m/s^2/g ≈ 6.86 m/s^2
Using the formula for centripetal acceleration, we can rearrange it to solve for radius of curvature:
r = (v^2) / a
Plugging in the values:
r = (22.22 m/s)^2 / 6.86 m/s^2 ≈ 71.82 m
Now that we have the radius of curvature, we can calculate the cone spacing L using a sinusoidal
path assumption.
The formula for a sinusoidal path is given by:
L=π*r/n
Where:
L = cone spacing
r = radius of curvature
n = number of cones per wavelength
Assuming there are 4 cones per wavelength (2 on each side), we can calculate the cone spacing L:
L = π * 71.82 m / 4 ≈ 56.55 m
Therefore, the cone spacing L should be approximately 56.55 meters.
6)
7)To solve this problem, we can use the formula for centripetal acceleration:

a = v^2 / ρ

where a is the acceleration, v is the velocity, and ρ is the radius of curvature.

At point A, the speed of the car is 50 km/h = 50 * (1000/3600) m/s = 13.89 m/s. The radius of
curvature at A is given as 40 m.

Using the formula, we can calculate the acceleration at point A:

a_A = (13.89^2) / 40 = 4.81 m/s^2

At point B, the speed of the car is 100 km/h = 100 * (1000/3600) m/s = 27.78 m/s.

We are told that the magnitude of the total acceleration at B is equal to that at A. Since we know
that the centripetal acceleration contributes to this total acceleration, we can set up an equation:

a_B = a_A + a_t

where a_B is the total acceleration at B and a_t is any tangential acceleration present.

Since we are told that a_B has the same magnitude as a_A, we have:

|a_B| = |a_A|

Squaring both sides of this equation gives us:

(a_B)^2 = (a_A)^2

Using our formula for centripetal acceleration, we can rewrite this equation as:

(v_B^2) / ρ_B = (v_A^2) / ρ_A

Substituting in our known values for v_A, v_B, and ρ_A:

(27.78^2) / ρ_B = (13.89^2) / 40

Simplifying and solving for ρ_B gives us:

ρ_B = (13.89^2 * 40) / (27.78^2)

ρ_B ≈ 20 m

Therefore, the radius of curvature of the dip in the road at B is approximately 20 meters.
8) To determine the values of 𝑣, 𝑣, 𝜌, and 𝛽 at this instant, we can use the following equations:

𝑣 = √(𝑟^2 + (𝑟 * 𝜃)^2)
𝑣 = (𝑟 * 𝜃 + 2 * 𝑟 * 𝜃) / √(𝑟^2 + (𝑟 * 𝜃)^2)
𝜌 = √(𝑟^2 + (𝑟 * sin(𝜃))^2)
𝛽 = arctan((𝑟 * sin(𝜃)) / (𝑟 * cos(𝜃)))

Given:
r = 90 m
r = 15.5 m/s
r = 74.5 m/s^2
θ = 30°
θ = 0.53 rad/s
θ = -0.29 rad/s^2

First, let's convert θ from degrees to radians:

θ_rad = θ * π / 180
θ_rad = 30° * π / 180
θ_rad ≈ 0.5236 rad

Now we can substitute the given values into the equations:

1. Calculate 𝑣:
v = √(r^2 + (r * θ)^2)
v = √((15.5 m/s)^2 + (90 m * 0.53 rad/s)^2)
v ≈ √(240.25 m^2/s^2 + 2025 m^2/s^2)
v ≈ √2265.25 m^2/s^2
v ≈ 47.59 m/s

2. Calculate 𝑣:
v = (r * θ + 2 * r * θ) / √(r^2 + (r * θ)^2)
v = (90 m * (-0.29 rad/s^2) + 2 * (15.5 m/s) * (0.53 rad/s)) / √((90 m)^2 + (90 m * 0.5236 rad)^2)
v ≈ (-26.1 m^3/s^3 + 16.43 m^3/s^3) / √(8100 m^2 + 2017.64 m^2)
v ≈ -9.67 m^3/s^3 / √10117.64 m^2
v ≈ -9.67 m^3/s^3 / 100.58 m
v ≈ -0.0961 m/s

3. Calculate 𝜌:
ρ = √(r^2 + (r * sin(θ))^2)
ρ = √((90 m)^2 + (90 m * sin(30°))^2)
ρ = √(8100 m^2 + (90 m * 0.5)^2)
ρ = √8100 m^2 + 2025m ^m
ρ ≈ √10125m ^m
ρ ≈ 100.62m

4. Calculate 𝛽:
β = arctan((r * sin(θ)) / (r * cos(θ)))
β = arctan((90m* sin(30°)) / (90m* cos(30°)))
vβ = arctan((90m* 0.5) / (90m* 0.866))
β = 30.00
9) To determine the magnitudes of velocity and acceleration of the collar at 𝜃 = 60, we need to find
the expressions for velocity and acceleration in terms of 𝜃.

Given:
Angular velocity 𝜃 = (2𝑡 .2 .) rad/s
Speed of collar r = (2𝑡 .4 .) m/s

We can find the expressions for velocity and acceleration by differentiating the given functions with
respect to time.

1. Velocity:
The velocity of the collar is given by the derivative of its position with respect to time.
v=r

Differentiating r with respect to t:

v = d(r)/dt = d((2𝑡 .4 .))/dt
= 0.4(2𝑡)^0.4-1
= 0.8𝑡^(-0.6) m/s

2. Acceleration:
The acceleration of the collar is given by the derivative of its velocity with respect to time.
a=v

Differentiating v with respect to t:

a = d(v)/dt = d(0.8𝑡^(-0.6))/dt
= -0.48𝑡^(-1.6) m/s^2

Now, we need to find the values of velocity and acceleration when 𝜃 = 60.

To do this, we substitute 𝜃 = 60 into the expressions for v and a:

1. Velocity at 𝜃 = 60:
v(60) = 0.8(60)^(-0.6)
≈ 0.8(1/√60)
≈ 0.103 m/s

2. Acceleration at 𝜃 = 60:
a(60) = -0.48(60)^(-1.6)
≈ -0.48(1/60^1.6)
≈ -0.48(1/√60^3.2)
≈ -0.48(1/√60^2 * 60^1.2)
≈ -0.48(1/3600 * 60^1.2)
≈ -0.48(1/3600 * 60^(6/5))
≈ -0.48(1/3600 * (46656)^(1/5))
≈ -0.048 m/s^2

Therefore, at 𝜃 = 60, the magnitude of velocity of the collar is approximately 0.103 m/s and the
magnitude of acceleration is approximately 0.048 m/s^2.
10. To determine the velocity of A with respect to B, we need to find the vector sum of their
velocities.

The velocity of A with respect to the ground is the sum of its horizontal airspeed and the carrier's
velocity:
VA = 200 km/h + 50 km/h = 250 km/h

The velocity of B with respect to the ground is simply its speed along the runway:
VB = 175 km/h

To find the velocity of A with respect to B, we subtract VB from VA:

Velocity of A with respect to B = VA - VB
= 250 km/h - 175 km/h
= 75 km/h

Therefore, the velocity of A with respect to B is 75 km/h.

11. To determine the velocity and acceleration of the train relative to the car, we need to consider
their relative motion.

The velocity of train A relative to car B is simply the difference between their speeds:
Velocity of train A relative to car B = VA - VB
= 120 km/h - (-90 km/h)
= 210 km/h

Therefore, the velocity of train A relative to car B is 210 km/h.

The acceleration of train A relative to car B can be found by subtracting their accelerations:
Acceleration of train A relative to car B = Acceleration of train A - Acceleration of car B
= 0 m/s^2 - (-3 m/s^2)
= 3 m/s^2 (acceleration in the same direction as car B)

Therefore, the acceleration of train A relative to car B is 3 m/s^2.

12, we can use the concept of work and energy to determine the speed at which point P on the cable
must be traveling toward the motor.

First, let's consider the forces acting on the mine car C. The only force acting in the direction of
motion is the tension in the cable T. The weight of the car mg acts vertically downward and does not
contribute to its motion along the incline.

Since the car is moving up the incline with a constant speed, we know that there is no net force
acting on it in the horizontal direction. Therefore, we can write:

T - frictional force = 0

The frictional force can be calculated using:

frictional force = coefficient of friction * normal force

Since there is no vertical acceleration, we know that:

normal force = mg * cos(θ)

where θ is the angle of inclination.

Substituting these values into our equation for net force, we get:

T - μ * mg * cos(θ) = 0

Solving for T, we find:

T = μ * mg * cos(θ)

Now, let's consider point P on the cable. The tension in the cable at point P must be equal to T in
order to maintain a constant speed. Therefore, we have:

T = Tp

Substituting our expression for T from above, we get:

μ * mg * cos(θ) = Tp

Finally, we can use this equation to determine vp, which is the speed at which point P on the cable
must be traveling toward the motor. We know that vp is related to v (the constant speed of the car)
by:

vp / sin(θ) = v / cos(θ)

Simplifying this equation gives us:

vp = v * tan(θ)

For proble

13, we can use kinematic equations to determine the speed of the block when it reaches a height of
h = 4 m, starting from rest at h = 0.

First, let's find the time it takes for the block to reach this height. We can use the kinematic
equation:

h = (1/2) * a * t^2

where h is the height, a is the acceleration, and t is the time.

Plugging in the values given in the problem, we have:

4 = (1/2) * (0.2t) * t^2

Simplifying this equation gives us a quadratic equation:

0.1t^3 - 4 = 0

Solving this equation for t gives us two possible solutions: t ≈ -6.32 s and t ≈ 6.32 s. Since time cannot
be negative in this context, we take t ≈ 6.32 s as our answer.

Now that we have the time it takes for the block to reach a height of 4 m, we can use another
kinematic equation to find its final speed. We'll use:

v_f = v_i + a * t

Since the block starts from rest, v_i = 0. Plugging in our values for a and t gives us:

v_f = (0.2t) * t

Substituting our value for t gives us:

v_f ≈ (0.2 * 6.32) * 6.32

Simplifying this expression gives us an approximate final speed of v_f ≈ 7.99 m/s.

Therefore, when the block reaches a height of h = 4 m, its speed is approximately v_f ≈ 7.99 m/s and
it takes approximately t ≈ 6.32 s to reach this height.