NTNU o NTA GEOGRAPHIC LEARNING Close-UP | STUDENTSBOOK r) t CJ e C7 e ry a Pd . T y eS ry 3 + , ny ‘| F Ae , f L q 7 \ , A a ” SECOND EDITIONNATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNINGContents wits Geree) Vocabulary |Grammar eine) eae 1 Personally Mutoiecce Enter resent Sine & Present Ske dee Identifying key Wordfomation |" Contnvaus Highlighting key worde ‘Speaking Information Transforming words, 25-16) 2 OneWorld —_|vuitiemaching | cutwrerelated words | pas Simple & Fast Continuous | Gappedtere © 17-20] Findlg cnr words and | Gapped text Used to Would Brodisting content Biratesinthetext | Looking at ont | round sop 3 Star Quality _ | Missing senter ihe entertainment | Past Perfect Simple & Past Perfect | Multiple-matching. pat-42| Chooang the ight int & Continuovs identifying synonyms 4 City Living |Mutiematehieg [chy ving Future Foes Mutiplechoice 43.54] Skimming and eanaing e fer specticinfermatien Propering to stan 5 Ted to Technology 57-68 Muttioiecroice Spotting words inthe 6 Fun, Fun, Fun! |Mutiplechoice 16? Identyng sho purpoce Modals & Semi:medass Free-time and sports | Gerunds & Infiiti Muttiole-choice Choosing from pictures Sentence completion Pradicting the answor Vutipie choice Dealing with distractors paa.94 7 Right or Wrong? 8 Environmental | Missing enter Affairs cenit kg were 295-106) sebe Mute matching Reading for everat 9 And What Do You Do? aren p 109-120) _ 10 Leam to |Mitlecroice ‘lear jememberng what to do p 121-132] Chime Passive Veica: Tensor Passive Voice: Geruncs, nfintves Modal Verbs Envrermant | Concitiensle: Zero, Fist, Second & Thre Reported Staten Reported Questions Reported Commands & Requests Vutipla choice Expressing teolings through words Vultiple matching identifying the functions of speech Muttipla choice Jsing stem questions to find the answer Note-taking Camplating santonese 11 Wish You Muitlbe-croice Were Here! [searing soucite 135-146 12 Fitfor Life _ | Missing sentene 147-158] Gerting itrignt Holiday and wavel | Comparlon of adjectives & Adverts Feod and health | Unraal Past ish & I only Had better & Is (about*high ti Would preter, Prefer & Would rather Multiple choice Working with dagros Multiple choice Conquering the exam Grammar Reference: »: lrreguier Verbs: 1475 2176-177 Writing Reference: Speaking Reference: p 178-185 p16Cans Cea ON ot Eric | faking about free-time activ Present Perfect | Phrasal verbs Informal etter / eral JA Chinese Arist, Simaie & Propostian Using the corract tone inHarem Linking words, Time expressions, Tenses Greetings “aking about cultures and iifestyles Phrasal verbs Opinion essay A Special Type of Deckert Prosant Parfoct | Calocaticns & tgansing your essay Neghbouthood Simple expressions Maraging a dscussion Wierd formation | Introducing aoints jebritios ast Simple vs Past | Phrasal verbs sty) Making comparisons {Simple & | Prepositions Thinking about the dete (China Contisuous) [Gapped text ime, Dramatic & Concluding phrases Talking aboutliving in in utien and rural [Countable & | Phrasal vr as Urban Art re Ureauntable | Calecatiens & Engaging your mader Decision making Nouns expres Quantifers Multipe-choice Direct & ncreet qu ‘Agreeing, disagreeing & party agreeing faking about modern teconology Perfect Medals | Prrasal verbs Biene Werd formation Nountainser Invoving your partner. keeping the ‘conversation going |e Report eayaig states Guasion age |Catecatona® | Oipansing peraraphs fomtae Deletes Negere xpress sustving roe crrsfermation faba serene Firs ete Ferma pesca: Toe Camarng protes Proposters Araysing tne question Fghing Dane Unking tes Tercaritiss | Splat eoyursors Sep or Mixed sala fexay 0} ictal wari Beeson ating Condvones | frepastene Roca common misakes persuading &corvncing oat [cmenas coeetry aking about employment orice Caves Pras verbe ermal iter Dine Bidr Prablmsoking Coloctare | Prsentngyoualin a poitvotight . Expressions Providing sie Ward formaton | Ending the letter ees rd tormaton | Uncerstanding diferent functions | heats Faaning sorfcston Tecate ele Using hotdog vocabulary Grade Phrasal verbs soy) tang across conus amacele Acjecin: | Prpostore Promote & Tesos the Gobi Noraradabe — |wutpechoce Sthing obeut etd ‘Adjeci alkng avout fea Adjective Odor seg SS ali Ba IN| Ba ined tk Ge Pal vr ey Linge Siw facilities sed 0 Word formaten | Using the ight language Lane Decision maki loversion Colecations & Expressions Starting paragra Answering questions Prepositions Colocations & Expressions: p18? Phrasal Verbs: » 129 Prepositions: p88: Personally Speaking Reading: Vocabulary: Grammar. Listening: Speaking: multiple-choice identifying key information emotion-related words, transforming words present simple & present continuous, present perfect simple & present perfect continuous multiple-choice, highlighting key words talking about free -time activities, answering personal questions, linking words, time expressions, tenses Use your English: phrasal verbs, prepositions, completing gapped texts Writing: SnowecoMer dire ‘2 360° jump through informal letter / email, using the correct tone, planning your response1 Personally Speaking ‘A. Choose one of these emotions and, using facial expressions and body language, try to communicate it to your partner. iigguist | fear | Rappinese sadness anxiety Can you guess how people are feeling from their body lenguage? B Now read the text to find out how neuroscientists are studying the way fear spreads. It has long been known that foar spreads quickly from person to person. However, until recertly, neuroscientists believed that this fear was communicated mainly through facial expressions. Now a new study has shown that body language may be just as important as facial expressions for communicating fear. it shows that fearful b postures are processed in the emotional part of the brain {and lead to an automatic response. Body postures that. do not communicate fear are processed ditferently, in the visual part of the brain, Since the link between the a Word Focus neuroscientist: scientist who studies the brain and nervous system study: a particular piece of reasearch automatic: done without thinking, Instinctively neutral: neither positive nor motor: relating to muscles nerves and parts of the brain that control movernent machanism:a part of your behaviour which helps you deal with a difficult situation ‘emetionel part of the brain and action is stronger then the link between the visual part of the brain and action, viewing fearful body exoressions may create an automatic response to fear. “When we talk about how humans communicate, we always talk about things lke language,’ seid Beatrice de Gelde the neuroscientist who led the study. 'But just like in the animal world, we also communicete through our bodies without our conscious minds being much aware of it. Unlike earlier studies, which concentrated on the way the drain reacted to still images of facial exoressions, the exoeriment which de Gelder and her team carried out aimed to prove that fearful body posture can create fear in observers. Since provious studies had used still images, the scientists decided to use stils rom video clips. Participants had their brains scanned whila they were shown video sills of actors who were showing fear. For example, in one situation, they had just opened a door to find an armed robber waiting for them. They were also shown in neutral situations; pouring a glass of water or combing thei hai In each caso, though, the actors’ faces were blocked out so that the participants viewing them could only react to their body posture and not to any facial expressions. “The results showed that when participants saw fearful images, the emotional part of the brain was active es well as regions of the brain connected to motor processes that, are responsible for movement. There was a lot more going con in the brain than when the neutral images were shown, These only activated the visual areas of the brain ‘The response to fear appears to be quite automatic, and this is commonly seen in the animal kingdom. If flock of birds has been feeding on the ground and one is frightened by something end takes off, the others immediately follow. itis an extromely important evolutionary mechanism bbecause any bird left behind may become prey. Something similar happens with humans. At a fearful moment, humans. like animals need to be ready to react quickly because they© Read the Exam Close-up. Then underline the key words in the sentence stems in the Exam Task below. Identifying key information ‘© With multiple-choice sentences, read Fer quenione 1 6 choose the enower(e,b, cor which ft the seristce or et orleans best according to the text. D Now complete the Exam Task. Then, find a section in the text which 1. Scientists have recently discovered that fear matches the underlined key words in 2 Is exoressed in the body 2s much as the face. each sentonce stom. Bb ismore strongly expressed in the face than the body. Firally, road the snawer opines © ismainly exoressed in the body. carefully and check them against creates an eutomatic response in others. the sections of the texts to find the 2 The automatic response to fearful postures comes from the correct answer, part of the brain that processes 2 visual images. b emotions. 5. Tho study showed that neutral and fearful body language postures 4. facial expressions. 2 are puicctod ananendy By tNehuiTaN beak According to de Gelder b_creste similar responses in the human brain, ‘2 humans carmmunicate mainly through speech € creste automatic responses in humans b_ humans do not realise they are using body language. are similar in all animals ‘© humans think body language is unimportant. 2; Tiekautomnatic raapoaae to-tser d_ humans can control their body language. a ig avai tha exe in arirnsle’and hitman: Do Golders study diffored from previous ones in that bis responsible for people adopting different 2 itused stil images. body postures. b_ itused images of the face and body. Is the result of careful evaluation of a it showed images of the body dangerous situation 4. itused moving images. d_ cavaloned as a way to escape danger E Complete the sentences below with these words. 1. It tooke moment for the winners to _____to the news. 2 Itishard to the psychological damage caused by wars, 3. Even without a common language, people find ways to 4 Human brains end computers information differently. 5 Nouroscientists want to tests to find out what haopans when people laugh. & Inorderto be succosstul, teachers need to ‘on their body language, are given only a fraction of a second to evaluate the situation. If2 fre broaks out, for instance, poopie quickly adoot the tbody posture of those close to them. However, our reaction to danger is sometimes slowed down as we try to rationalise fear by asking ourselves whether there is @ reason to react. So far, neuroscientists have focussed on showing people stil, from videos, but they are now interested in finding out what happens in the brain when humans watch moving images, Teams of neurosciontists around the word, including de Gelder’, are carrying out studias in which the participants! brains are scanned while they are watching films. This enables scientists to study how emotional actions are based on movement. In the future, such reseerch may be used in the building of robotic human companions that would be able to parceive, decide, communicate and react as humans do, Ideas Focus * Doyou like watching seary films with other people? See | Why? / Why not? * How does your body resoond to being afraid?Personally Speaking Vocabulary A Complete the phrases about feelings with the correct prepositions. 4. The pain of my broken leg was so bad that | was agony. 2 Just of curiosity, would you mind teling me what he's like? 3. The thillor was £0 exciting that we were ‘tho adgo of our seats, 4 Herbert was so surprised when he saw me that he wes____a loss for words, 5 Itwas regret that the manager announced the company was closing & {don't like your cousin Care atoll; she really gets____ my skin! \- B Replace the words in bold with the following words. 1. The children’s happiness was obvious when they were given the new computer 2. He couldn't control his anger when he saw the damage to his car. 3. James looked up at the world’ tallest skyscraper in total surprise. 4. Knowing that many people live in poverty caused Mandy great sadness. 5. Martin experienced great worry when his beloved pet went missing. 6 7 8 | know she'll succeed; che has a lot of belief in her abilities, She looked at the man who had thown his rubbish in the street with dislike, Henry was overcome by embarrassment when the teacher caught him cheating © Complete the sentences with the correct word from each pair. 1 Her words had e strenge on me. 2 Don’t let his unkind words you Transforming words * Before comoleting the sentences, create a word family fer each of the words given 3. Samantha really doesn’t mind living in the task. What is the noun, the adjective, 4 Humohrey often fee's in his theradvarn? huge house + Thon think about which form best fits in the gap in each sentence + Remember to check the soelling of all 5 Please ry apologies to Celia, the words you have written when you & Sam finds it cificult to _________ himself. have finished, * You will lose merks if any of your words are D Read the Exam Close-up and complete the Exam spelled incorrect! Task below. ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals 1 Cosar was ___ when he saw the boy kick the dog. DISGUST 2 Being lost in the forest was a experience for Joe. FRIGHT 3. Anne couldn't hide her when her son received the award, PROUD 4 Helen had studied hard end feit______ about her exam results, OPTIMISM 5 Elderly people who live alone often suffer from LONELY 6 The children wore very about going to the beach. ENTHUSIASM 7 Dan exoressed his by slamming the door ashe left. ANNOY 8 Violet's mum was amazed by her to help with the housework. EAGERGrammar Present Simple & Present Continuous A. Road and mark the Prosont Simplo sentences with PS and the Present Continuous sentences with PC. 1. She's getting more and more worried ‘about her health, 2. We're going to the scionce museum next wook. 3. Helen lives in the city centre, 4 Inthe photo, two people are arguing 5. The edult humen brain weighs about 1.3 kilograms. — 6 What ere you looking at? 7. He's alnays telling me what to do! 8 The psychology lectureis at ‘1o'clock. 9. vist my elderly grandparents every weekend. — 10. This wok, we're studying the nervous systom. 11. Melissa scores another goal! B Match the Present Simple sentences in A with the uses below. 2 scientific facts and general tuths [] permanent situations Oo ¢ habits and repeated actions ©] d_ timetabled and scheduled events [] @ rarratives (stories, jokes, plots, sports commentaries, etc) O (C Match the Present Continuous sentences in A with the uses below. something happening now temporary stustions plans for the future ‘annoying habits (with always, continually, forever, etc) @ changing situations (oftan used with comparatives) # whats happening in a picture sleet Seared (1.110 1.3) OO 0 OOO D Circle the correct form of the verb. Approximately 10% of the people that (1) ead / are reacing this now ere left-handed. That's right, 13% of all human beings are left-hended. Some scientists (2) believe / are believing lefichandeciness isa tit that oarents (3) pass / are passing on to their children in 2 perticular gene. Hf you (4) have / are having that gene, one or more of your children mey be left-hended, Left-handed people (5) tend / are tending to be more creative than right-handers, and we (6) ind / are finding more left- handers than normal in creative professions such as music and, the arts. The reason for this can be found in the brain, The brain (7) works / is working in very complex ways, and scientists () discover / ere ciscovering more and more about it every day. The left side of the brain, which is responsible for logical skils, (9) controls /is controling the right-handed side of the body. The right side of the brain, where creativity occurs, is in charge of the left handed side of the body. This (10) makes / is making lefichanders more creative than right handors, E Complete the sentences using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous of the verbs in brackets. 1 Grendme, (you/ bake) a cake? It (smell) delicious! 2 You ((ook| very serious. What (you / think) about? 3 (want to ask you something. (you / like) scionce? 4 |_____thave) trouble with this maths problem, 1 (not understand) it a el! 5 Jack (seam) stressed. He (work) too hard these days. 6 Fay (not come) to the cliffs with us. She (have) a foar of heights. 7 Who________ (talk) to Tom? | (not recognise) her. 8 Why (they /run]?’ ‘Because a lion (chase) them!10 Personally Speaking Listening A IHICID Listen to the recording and tick (7) the correct B fil) Look at the situations and options below. sentence, a or b, in each item that means the same Then listen to the recording and write an as the sentence you hear. appropriate question for each one. 4a Itsstrange he freaked out at the competition. 4. Youwill hear a boy speaking to his mother. O it's weird he didn’t tum up for the competition. [7] Cheer up! o Concentrate! oO O o Qo o b i ‘2 washing the dishes b 3 a Thoro isn’t any logical reason for hie behaviour. b b b_ watering the plants ¢ emptying the dishwasher 2 Youwill hear a head teacher speaking to a can explain his behaviour. aaa was absolutely terrified by the film. was ceelly disappointed by the film. 12 the number of absances the stucient has had b the students inability to concentrate the student's poor academic results © Read the Exam Close-up and underline the important words in the Exam Task. Highlighting key words D Gl) Now complete the Exam Task. * Read the multiple-choice questions first. Identify who is talking and the topie thay are talking about + Read the questions end underline the key words. + Then read the answer oations and think about the meaning of any key words. Try to think about other words which ‘may mean the same thing, for exemple ‘severe’ could be expressed also as ‘extreme! 1 You hear a woman talking about a phobia * Remember, only one option will answer the question! she has. How does she describe her fear? a severe b ircational © embarrassing 2 You hear a man talking about hit driving test. What is he anxious aaaut? 2 crashing the car b failing the test € not turning up for the test 3 You hear a woman talking about horror films. What is her opinion of the film sho saw last right? 2 It was very amusing. b_ It was very scary € Itwas overrated. 4. You hear a woman talking to her daughter Why is che talking to her? 2 to convey her annoyance to cheer her daughter uo € to express a lack of confidencs in her daughter's abilities You will hear ozople talking in six different situations. For questions 1 ~ 6, choose the best answer, a, b or. 5 Youoverheer two people talking ona plane. 6 Youheara man talking about living alone. How does he foo! Why is the man disappointed? when he comes home at right? a Ho didn't oxpect to be so uncomfortable. a lonely b_ Ho dislikes the food on the plane. b frightened € He feels confused © peaceful E 83) Swap books with a partner and listen to the recording again to check each other's questi ‘Are your answers the same?Speaking A Work in pairs and make questions from the prompts below. 1 What /you/ usually / do / nen sharicoe! 2. What / most interesting place / you / visit 3. Which time / year / you lice best? 4 1f/ you! leer something nem / whet / ity bet 5 How much time / you / spend / online? 6 you/do / anything interesting / last weekend? 7 you/ ever / use / your English / on holiday? 8. What kind /job / you / ke / do inthe future? B_ Match the questions in A with the topics shown in the pictures. (C GET Listen to five students answering ‘the questions in A. Which questions do ‘they each answer? a a Useful Expressions |— Linking words Ike watenng fms and musk programmes I dort have much ie, sol sua. Ihoven’t weveled muc, bul ike to nthe ature |r do anything st weekend becasel had me exoressions Fist have lunch then do my homewerkend ster thet Tenses the teal finish schoolat ie adock ileould watt anywhere the worl go to. th beer suyig set tecoty an thaven do yee Leet went. ‘Answoring personal questions * At the start of the exam, the examiner will ek you personel questions about different topics. + Tiy to answer with a few short sentences. Always try to give examples or reasons for your enswers * Listen carefully to the questions and decide what verb tenses you need, e.g. present, past, present perfect, future or conditional * Tiy to use linking words and time expressions to connect your ideas. ral) Read the Useful Expressions. Then listen again and answer the questions below. Which studentts) a enswer the question with full sentences? use linking words to connect their ideas, Which ones do they use? © use time expressions to sequence e series of events? Which ones? d_ only answer with very short sentences end repeat words? © give examples or reasons to explein their ideas? E Read the Exam Close-up. Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the quostions in A. Try to expand on your answors and give examples or reasons. Use the Useful Expressions to help you. Do you usually fos! arxious before an exam? Why? / Why not? + Have you ever felt disappointed, happy or proud? When? And why?Personally Speaking Grammar Present Perfect Simple & Present Perfect Continuous A Tick (¥) the sentences that use the Present Perfect Simple and cross (#) the sentences that uso tho Prosont Porfoct Continuous. 1. Nigel's eyes are sore because he's bean reading all morning o 2 It’sthe first time Ihave seen Merk so angry. [1] 3. She's been studying neuroscience for three years. Oo 4. Chuck has bean cick that's why he looks so pale. oO 5 Abomb has exploded in downtown Springfield, 6 Ive been thinking about my future. 7 You've asked mo that question twice alrsady. 8 We haven't seen her since she moved away. oo00 B Complete the rules with the correct tense name. We use the 2. for something thet happened in the post, but has 2 result in the present. b for an action that happened several times or repeatedly in the past. € with superlatives and oxprossions the firsvsecond time, for somathing that happened at an indefinite time in the past. @ for an action that started in the past and continues up to the present with for, since and stative verbs We use the fora long action that has just frished and hes an effectin the present, @ to emphasize how long something has been happening usually with for and since h for 9 recent or unfinished continuous action. © Read the sentences and answer the question for each sentence. Where is Pam now? 11 Pam's gone to her friend's house 2. Pam's been to her friend's house Bo careful We use time expressions with the Present Perfect @ tensas. Some are used at the end of a question or negative sentence lke yet, before and lately. Some appear after the subject of a sentence or question ike stil and ever, while others are used before the main verb inthe sentence like just, already and never. » Grammar Focus pp.162 & 163 eI) D Circle the correct words. 11 Have you ever had / Have you ever been having a terrifying exoetience? 2 feel really down. It’ rained / I's been raining all day! 3. Kato and | haven't spoken / haven't been speaking for along time 4 Of course I'm angry! I've waited / I've been waiting for you since 10 o'clock! 5 I'mvory sorry, but | haven't finished / haven't been fishing my roport & This is the first time | hove visited / have been visiting Now York and its 80 exciting! E complete the questions with the correct form of the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous of the verbs in brackets. 1 What's all this mess? What (you / do} all morning? 2 (you / finish) cooking your omelette yet? 3. Where (kim /'b0)?1 (look) for her all afternoon. 4 How long they / study) Engish? 5 Sorry mlato, {you / wait! long? 6 Karen / make) up her mind about the new job? F complete the dialogue with one word in each gap. Kate: Have you (1) won lottery prize? Sue: A lottery prize? No I've (2) won anything. Have you? ete: Yes. In fact, I've (@) __collected my prize money. A hundred pounds! Shall we celebrate? Sue: ‘Yes, please! That sounds fantastic. Kate: OK’then. How about dinner et Sayonara? Heve you (4) _____been there? Sue: No, | haven't eaten there (5) In fact, I haven't been out anywhere ()—__ages. Kate: Why not? Sue: I've been studying really hard 7) and (8) haven't finished revising for exams. Kate: You need a break! Come on, let's go. | haven't ths morning and I'm starving!Use your Euaglish Phrasal verbs ‘A. Match the phrasal verbs to their meanings. feel better 1 betleus = 0 a 2 buntinto b stop being angry or excited 3 calmdown F] not express your feelings 4 cheer up QO d_ show sudden emotion 5 chickenout [] {2 be to0 scared to do something 6 feo = suddenly feel shocked or become anary B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in A. 1. Youshoulde't your feelings; now, tell me what's wrong, 2 I was going to go bungee jumping, but then | ! 3 ! Things willbe better tomorrow, I'm sure of it 4 really when I saw that huge spider in the bathroom! 5 Thelittle boy tears when his favourite toy broke. 6 Please ________and tell me whet happened. Prepositions © Complete the sentences with these prepositions. 1 Loneliness can sometimes lead __ severe depression. 2 Most people respond ____ fear in the seme way. 3. Her research concentrated how we express emotions. 4 Hoppiness is closely connected personel satisfaction, 5 You are resoonsible__ your own happiness and success, & Try to focus ___ the positive things in your life. Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task below and identify the type of ward which is missing from each gap. Completing gapped texts ‘Read the text first to get a general understanaing. ‘+ Check each gap and lock carefully at the words which come before and after *+ Decide what type of word is missing, ¢.g. 0 verl, a noun or a preposition and complete the gap. + Remember to read the complete text again to make sure it all makes sense and you have completed the gaps correctly E Now complete the Exam Task. For questions 1 ~ 8, read the text below and think of a word which best fts each gap. Use only one word in each gap. What are you afraid of? A phobia (1) __a strong and irrational fear of 2 situation, activity or thing thet is not actually dangerous, There are many specific phobias. Some of the (2) ____ common are acrophobia (fear of heights) and claustrophobia (fear of closed-in places). Social phobia is excessive fear of being in social situations such as speaking (3) ___ public or meeting new people. This particular phobia (@) _____ have disastrous effects on personal and work relationships. Other common phobias involve tunnels, watay, fying and animals, People with phobias try to (5) what thay are terrified of. If they cannot. they may become anxious and fearful, and experience a rapid heartbeat, cificutty breathing, shaking and an uncontrollable desire to get aviay. (6) itis not treated, a ohobia can become so bad that the person's (7) ____is seriously affected, In fact, peoole @ failed in school and lost jobs while tying io cope with a severe phobia 1314 Personally Speaking writing: an informal letter / email Using the correct tone When you are writinga letter oran email, you must make sure that you use the correct tone. For example, an email toa friend will be informal, but a letter of aplication for ajob willbe formal, You can achieve an informal tone in the following weys: © use contracted forms instead of long forms, e.g. I'd ike instead of ! would like ... . Do not use text message style abbreviations. They are informal, but inagpropriate, © use punctuation such as exclamation marks to show surprise, excitemamt or enthusiasm, e.g. No way! I couldn't believe it! He was hilerious! © use a chatty style and lass formal language, eg. | bet New York is great. You have to tell me ALL about it! * use a friendly tone st the baginning and end, 2.9. Hi, how are you? Lots af love... Take care A Which ate formal and which are informal? Write F or |. 1. Unfortunately, we cannot attend. 6 Hope to hear from you goon. 7 However, | would not -ecommend it @ CUlBer_ 9 0 ‘Thank you kindly for your email lam very grateful for your help. (Oh well, you can’t have everything! Anyway, how about visiting? twas great to haar fram you! mean Got any advico for mo? B Read the writing task. What doos Tom want to know? How many questions do you have to answer? You have received an email rom your English-speaking friend. | haven't heard from you in ages! What's been happening with you? De you like your new town? Tell me about your new school. What's it ike? /e you made any friands there? | can‘t wait to hear all about it. Write soon, Tom Write your reply to this email. (140-190 words) © Read the example email and complete it with some of the phrases from A. From: Emme Smith Sent: 21st Mey __Subject: Hello HiTom a) lim glad you're well and snjoying university. it sounds tke fun, but don't forget to study! I'm well, thanks. Getting ready for my music exams, you know, so I'm abit stressed at the moment ‘As for this town, | realy lke it. t's lice a postcard with its beautiful old-style streets and buildings. Pus, it's by the sea ‘The bad news is it's ful of tourists in the surnmer! (2) The locel schoo! is good and | lke my teachers, but | miss my old school end! | haven't made any friends yet. You know how shy lem! I really need to make some friends, but how? (3) (4) We live close to the beach so summer would be a great time to come. Water sports are really popular here, Maybe we could go skiing or surfing! 6) s EmmaD Read the example email again. Which of the statements about Emma are true and which are false? Write T (true) or F (false). 1. She isn’t well because she is taking exams. ‘There is something she doesn’t lke about her town She has @ good social life. She gives Tom some advice, Sho invites Tom to visit her. — E Read the example email again and answer the quastions. 1. Has Emma answered all of Torn’s questions? 2. Are her answers in the same order as the questions ‘Tom asked? 3. Are Emma's answers in distinct paragraphs? 4 How has Emme achieved an informal tone? Underline exainples in the emall. F Read the Useful Expressions and complete the email below. —s - < ay Sami ~ Useful Expressions Greetings Asking for advice (2) _______ for your email. twas really greatto | iy Holle, What would you do? 8) from you. Itwas graatto hearfiom you. How can !...? 4 Thanks foryour emai/ettet. Making suggestions v'm(4)___, thanks, (§)__1 Naeae. Makan syst ; ‘ ing for news y dont you haven't written, but 've been very (6). How have you been? ow ebeae with school and my part-time job. | never seem to What's been happening Maybe we could have any free time these days! with you? Let’... Giving news Signing off (7) don't we get together aftr my feseee Signing ‘exams next month? I'd love to see you! ve been realy busy with... Bye for now. Sorylhavent written... lithe best (8) for now, Asfor... Looking forward to ip secing you Hope to haar from you soon G Read the Exam Close-up and then complete the Exam Task below. Think about the language and structures you need to achieve an informal tone. Remember to begin and end in a friendly way. Use the Useful Expressions to help you. Exam Te You have received an email fram your Englith speaking friend. Planning your response + When you write an informal letter or emai in the ioe fered Concrete ie ae he ‘exam, remember to meke a paragraoh plan before 'm not sure. What about you? How were your r ys you start exems? Are there any subjects you're worried ; ; shout? Hopedi you eoae wih deste? + Make sure you include answers to all the questions Get neces ce Gail aia, etme inthe letter yousrerespondingto. Lnoiwhow youee cog: + Remember to read your letter and check it carefully Wieeccte before you finish Write your reply to this email, (140-190 werds) 152 One World? multiple matching, finding similar words and phrases in the text culture-telated words, countries, adjective form of countries, looking at text around a gap past simple & past continuous, used t0 & would, past simple vs present perfect simple gapped text, predicting content talking about cultures and lifestyles, decision making, talking together, managing a discussion phrasal verbs, collocations & expressions an opinion essay, organising your essay, writing topic sentences, planning your opinion essay, introducing points, introducing your opinion, concluding & summarisingy4 [Ola ayeleig Reading How has your country changed in the last 50 years? Discuss the changes below. + excitability of goods + ovsilobilty of services + poople's ability to travel * food proferences * popular music GlOauSattOn lan Snell, 24, England FA Globalssation can be very beneficial for some people, but not for others. I has destroyed my ‘community, There used to be five factories in this town, and they were the biggest source of ‘employment for miles around, Then, one by one, they closed their doors here anc moved to countries where itis cheaper to produce goods. As a business decsion, it makes good sense they cen pay a worker in Chine or India less than £1 an hour, instead of £7 an hour for a British worker. Once thelr product have heen manufactured, they are shipped pack to the UK and sold here. The factory owners make bigger profits and cet richer, but the unemployed warkers are left with no jobs end ro future. There are many towns like that in the UK, nat just mine; they are depressing places where the people have given up hape ef ever ving wall What is globalisation? Read the article quickly. Then tick (V) the sentences that are true. 1. Iebrings together diferent parts of the world. 2 Itbenefits every person in the world. ["] 3. Itleads to people around the world having simiiar experionces. | 4. Ithas the potential to create world peace. [] > Boman’ Traore, 38, Malawi DD before the fectory opened, we could berely survive and ithurt me deeply to see my children hungry. My home hed @ small garden where my fernly grew sume vegetables and kept a few chickens for eggs and a goat for milk, but, itwasn't enough. Our lives were extremely dificult. Sometimes, months would pass without any rain and the plants would die The vilage children didn’t go to school se they had to 0 helo suoport i families, Without ton, they couldn't improve their lives. Itwas en endless circle of poverty for our people, untl they were offered jobs in a nearby town. A foreign company opened 2 clothing factory there 2 few years ago. Now, we are able to look after our familias and send our children to school. We used to fee! so bad about our lives, but now we are happy© Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task below and underline the key words. D Complete the Exam Task. For questions 1 - 10, choose from paragraphs (A - D). The paragraphs may be chosen more than ance. . Which person 4 has personal experience of the benefits of globalisation? 2 does not want to be a part of a foreign culture? 3. talks ebout the pros of globelisation for the whole world? 4. lived in 2 place where there were many jobs? 5 is concemed about the spread of globalisation? 6. describes an event that made a positive impact? 7 mentions the gap between the wealthy and the poor? 8 thinks co-operation between countries is possible? 9 talks about a change in a countrys dietary references? }0. sey people shouldn't be afraid of globelisation? oo000000000 E Complote tho sentences with the word given in the correct form. Uso the words in the article to help you. 11 Increasing international trade is very What do the ‘The mayar wil attend a Millions of people round the world live in Do you think the demonstration will be Hove young people do in this town? (employ) Grook food; i's delicious! (tradition) Finding similar words and phrases in the text for a country (benefit) ‘event at the museum tonight. (culture) conditions, (poor) or violent? (peace) I¥s.@ good idea to read the matching ‘questions before you read the article. Underline the key words in each matching question so you understand \what information you need to look for Road the article quickly to got a gonoral understanding of it. Look for words ond phrases in the article that link to the key words you underlined in the first question, Continue with the remaining questions Until you have matched them all Word Focus source: the place something comes from orstersat profit money earned aftr paying the cos of producing and selling something boundary: @ eal ormagined line that marks he edge of something tolorance:wilingness to aecopt bots that are ciferant fo your own lyrics: the words to asong Kesumi Ono, 75, Japan Personally, ‘that Wester ci 21, Scotland Dee tine about olobalsatin is thet itcreates 2 ‘global village’ that we're all & part of | love fesling connected to the rest Of the world in that way. Of course, a aicbal village hes a gicbal culture instead of the id netional cultural boundaries. For some people, this creates fears about losing their ational identity and becoming something they're not. lundorstand haw they fee’, but {believe a global culture wil lead to more tolerance end respect for other people, ‘and make the world a more peaceful place, ‘Also, ine global village, we will be able t0 solve global environmental problems by discussions. Such problems include alt or Water pollution thet is created in one country ‘crossing into anothers, over-shing in the world’s oceans and climate change. if we all fee! that we are on the same side, we can deal with problems togethor, and that mekes me hopeful for the future. worries me, Before Ameri style fast the uniqueness of different makes me sad * How has globalisation affected teenagers in your country? * Doyou think globalisation is a good idea? Why? / Why not? lifestyles and cultures, and it | feel threatened by globalsation. | worry ulture will destroy our local customs and traditions, The spread of American culture in particular, with its TV shows, Hollywood movies, mesic, and food chains ke McDonald's and KFC really ap end hio-hop 10d caught on, people here in Japan used to eat more fice and vegetables and alot lese red meat, bread, dairy procucts and sugary food. These days, young Jananese seem only to eat rubbish and it vill affect thoie health very badly in tho future ‘As for our traditional music, well, the young people are just not interested in it, Thay prefer to listen to songs sung in English, even if they can’t understand the lyrics! Globalisation is destroying Ideas FocusOne World? Vocabulary A Circle the odd ones out. 4 global Intemational local universe! 2 culture knowledge lifestyle society 3 belief concept ‘experience idea 4 aspect event occurrence phenomenon 5. expand extend demand spread 6 exchange provide swap trade B Complete the word groups with the countries they are associated with, desert, pyremids, watches, mountains, spices, tea, snow, reindeer, canals, bicycles, bamboo, pandas, dancing, beaches, highways, cars, © Complete the sentences with the adjective form of the countries in B. 41 There are hundreds of drive-through fast-food restaurants in ties. You can see pretty windmillsin the ________ countryside, The museum is famous forits collection of —______ mummies. Many cheap goods are now evaileble all over the city. Hove cuisine, but some dishes are very hot! people love skiing and dog sledding. They say he's gota secret_____ bank account! The most successful national football team is the: team, D Read the Exam Close-up. Then complete the Exam Task. Use the words below to help you. For questions 1 —8, read the text below end think of e word which best fits each gap. Use only ene word in each gop. Looking at text around a gap ‘Before you complete a gapped text, Quickly read the whole text first for general understanding, * Then read each sentence with a gao carefully ‘+ Decide which type of mrd is missing (adjective, veri, noun, etc.) + Think about what each gapped sentence means before you choose a word which fits in the gap. The boginning of international trade In ancient times, there were no prover ) . 90 the most efficient way to transport {goods from one place to enother wes on water. For this feason, the first and most extensive trade 2 ware rivers lke the Nile in Egypt, the Tigris and the Euphrates in present-day Iraq end the Yellow River in China, Cities ‘wore built by those rivers and grew rich by using the rivers for the import and (3) of goods. Trade routes over land, conducted by carevans, developed in the seventh end eighth centuries efter camels were domesticated. Towns and 4) ‘appeared wherever the caravans stopped in order to rest, orto transfer the goods they were carrying to ships Many Grock and Roman towns wore founded this way, expanding their dedouin traders ata eo until their (6) was felt in Arica and Asia, And in each of these places, foreign traders sharod stories and (7) _ from their (8) —_ " leaving more than just thair spices, textiles or pottery behing.Grama Past Simple & Past Continuous Used to & Would A Read sentences 1-9 below. Underline the sentences that C We use used to for states, habits use the Past Simple and circle the sentences that use the and repeated actions in the past. Past Continuous. We use would for habits and repeated actions in the past, but we do not use it for past states. Read the sentences below and decide which one is wrong. Why is 1. As soon as the olane landed, Ted switched on his mobile and. checked his emails. 2. Thevillage tribe elected a new chief every year 3. My cousin was working es history teacher at the time. it wrong? 4 It was a beautiful day; the sun was shining and the birds Jim liked traditional dancing when he were singing. was younger. 5 The Romans conquored Britain and other areas. lim would like traditional dancing i : when he was younger. 6 Iwas reading the recipe when | spilt the hot milk Siarieed ta the eo ionaltendhng 7. Atton o'clock last night, | was watching a fm about the Persians. pees 8 We were very tired after the concert. 9 While Josh was reading an article about globalisation, Tina was sleeping on the sofa B Write Past Simple or Past Continuous above each set of uses. for a completed action in the past for past habits and routines for past states for completed actions that happened one after the other in the past, for an action in progress at @ particular moment in the past for a longer action that was interrupted by a shorter action for two or more longer actions happening at the seme time for temporary situations in the past to provide background information in @ story D Complete the text with the Past Simple or the Past Continuous of the verbs in brackets. There (1)__ (be) many similarities between the civilisations of Mesopotemia and Egyot. Both were rich in culture and (2)_____ contribute) to the development of other civlsetions in the east and the west. They were both (3)_______ (create) forms of writing with picture symbole which they were meinly (4) _~___ uso) to keep racords in palaces and other government contres, Both civilisations (5) —____ (establish) themselves along famous rivers —_while the ties and towns of Mesopotamia (6) ___~___ {spring up) between the Tigris and the Euphrates, Egyption civilisation was (7) (develop) along the Nile. Due to their positions on waterways, they were able to trade and they ® (become) wealthy. Also, both civilisations were % {come up with} new ways of farming to handle the reguler floods from the rivers. These developments in trade and agriculture (10) lead) to incredible cultural advancement. E Look at the sentences. Which verb forms are incorrect? 11 While the archaeologist dug in the dasert, @ sand storm began. Bells tried to paint a portrait, but she didn't know what she was doing. They were discovering the ruins of the ancient temole a century ago. The children would always get excited when we went to museums. 2 3 4 5. Did you used to listen to jaze with your grandfather?y4 [Ola ayeleig Listening (BIC) Read the sentences below and discuss with a partner what kind of words (e.g. verb, noun, adjective, etc.) can go in the gaps. Then listen to see if you were correct. 1. You should go to Museum Island if you ore on a tour of The island has made e name for itself as a Museum Island houses museums. These impressive buildings were built betwe: In 1999, the island {GI} Now listen again and complete the sentences. Read the Exam Closo-up and underline the key words in tho Exam Task bolow. (OI) Now complete the Exam Task. Exam Task You will hear part of a radio report about a cultural festival For questions 1-8, complete the sentences with a ward or short phrase. 11 The speaker says foreicn travel and modern technology play an news about other places. The Berlin Lang Night datas back to ‘The Berlin event takes place twice yearly ~in____and. 2 3 4 You cen buye for The Long Night for only €15, 5 Aswoll as visiting musoume, you can also go to concerts, 6 The Long Nightis now a___ 7. In Saint Petersburg, they hold the e In mid-June the daylight finally disappeers at (G2) Listen again and check your answers. [reese ae ered Cee es Perri erent 2 UNESCO World Heritage Site In many major cities worldwide. every year to celebrate the long summer nights. centre in Berlin. Exam up Predicting content * Look at the gaps and ty to predict what kind of word is missing — a verb, a noun, an adjective, an adverb, a date, a namo, otc * Read the gapped sentences and underline the key words. For gapped sentences, the key words are usually ust before or right after the gap. @ in spreading or film viewings.Speaking ‘A Work with a partner and answer these questions. + Do you like to loarn about other cultures and civilisation? Why? / Why not? + How doos your lifestyle ciffer from that of your grandoarents? B Write down as many ways of finding out about other cultures as you can think of. Then work with a partner and discuss the questions below. ‘+ What ere the advertages end disadvantages of your ideas? + Which idees vould appeal most to your age group? Why? + Which of the ideas would you not choose? Talking together © Read the Exam Close-up. Work with a partner. ‘+ Remember that there are two parts to the discussion. D_ Now completo the Exam Task in pairs. Use the + Try to tale about all the options together first. Useful Expressions to help you. * Don't take tuna individually talking about ‘each photo. Talk together! + Consider al the suggestions before you Imagine thet your cless has to do a project about other cultures answer the second question and meke @ Here ere some weys in which you could find out about them. decision. Talk to eech other sbout how useful these suggestions would be. Now decide which two would be the bect for your clase and age group. — Useful Expressions | ‘Managing a discussion Which one shall we begin with? Whet's your opinion about ...? How aboutstarting with...?_Let'smoyeento...? Shall we begin with ...2 Shall we move onte ... new? How do you feel about ..? Lats move onto... «© How important is it to keep local tracitions alive? Why? Ideas Focus + Isiteasiertofind out about other cultures than in the past? Why? / Why not? 23One World? Grammar Past Simple vs Present Perfect Simple A. Look at the dialogue below. Underline the sentence that usos the Past Simple and circle the sentence that uses the Present Perfect Simple. “Ihave never been to Japan, have you? "Yes, | have. | went in 2006. Complete the rule. Weuse the ______ tense for an action thet wes completed at e specific time in the pest. When the time in the pest ‘snot mentioned, we use the tense, Look at the sentences and answer the questions. She has worked as a tour guide for five years. She worked 2s a tour guide for five years Which sentence indicates that she is no longer working as @ tour guide? [] Which sentence shows us that she is stil working as a tour guide? [] Cred eee eek eo) € Circle the correct words. 1. Martin hasn't seen / dcin’t see his daughter since Christmas. 2 Ihave looked / looked for my cat for days, but | never found her. 3. It’s three years since | have last gone / last went to e rock concert. 4 My mother didn't find / hasn't found her purse yet. 5 Mrs Black has taught / tought computer science last year 6 She hasn't acted in film for / since two years 7. She hasn't finished writing her novel just / yet. 8 Einstein developed / hes developed the theory of relativity many years ago. D Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple of the verbs in brackets. 4. Sory, Mum. (clready eat) | em not hungry. 2 Since |___(leave) school two years ago, |__ (not see) Jenny. 3 1_____ (never eat) this kind of food before. 4 Jemes (not start) working yet. He is still studying at univers 5 Anna {not go) to 2 concert since she (be) 20. 6 A; |heerthat Bry —_______ (uy) a Ferrer B: Yes, he (buy) it last week Tw (you/ ever fy) a helicopter? B: Yes,1 (fly) @ hekcooter when | was in the airforce. & Jonathan (oversleep) this morning and (miss) his maths exam. He {not do) that before. 24Use your Eualish Phrasal verbs A Rewrite the sentences below in your notebook, replacing the words in bold with the correct form of these phrasal verbs. 1. They asked the manager to make @ speech 5 Let's phone Tom and Jerry and ask them to join us. 2 Icant talk now, so I'l phone you later. 6 The jab raquires honesty, responsinlty and harel work 3. Tine came to visit yesterday, but| wesn't athome. 7 Mr Jones read the names aloud and then the lesson 4 We got an electrician to come to fix the broken started: heater. 8 We had to cancel our tip due to bad weather. Collocations & Expressions B In the following exercise, two of the options given are used with each verb to make @ collocation. For each question, cross out the option that cannot be used with the verb in bold. 1 do: armistake / business / you good 3 play: arole/aword / joke on 2 build: a reputation / an empire / an impression 4 save: space / control / money C Complete the sentences with the correct form of the collocations from B. 1. Alexander the Greet that stretched from Europe to Asia. 2 Wecan by putting more shelves on the walls. 3. Henry wants to____________ in Chino, 20 he's going there next week. 4 They________ their teacher, but she didn’t think it was funny. 5 kewill to gat some sun, so let's go to the beach. 6 Youcan by eating at home insteed of et restaurants. 7 Ittock her years to as an honest businesswoman 8 Trode__________in the spread of culture in ancient times. D Now complete the Exam Task. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals, 1 All my CDs are according to musical type. class 2 Canyou that you were where you say you were last night? «PROOF 3. Many medical conditions can be by massage. RELIEF 4 We____students to make use of our excellent library COURAGE 5 hope you in your ambition to become a professional dancer. SUCCESS 6 The newspaper was forced to______ for printing incorrect information. APOLOGY 7 Don’t let the dog out, or it will the children. TERROR B Ho dosen't lke it f you bis work cRITIC ‘Shanghai’s coaie skyline, China26 2 [Ola ayeleig Organising your essay * When you write en essay, you should organise your ideos into paregraphs that begin with a topic sentence. Atopic contence sums up the main idea of the whole paragraph and helos the reader to quickly greso what the paragraph will be about. * tis important to start your essay with a strong introduction so that you give the reader a clear idea of what your opinion is, Introduce it with an expression lke In my view .... To my mind .., ete * Inyour conclusion you must summarise your opinion Use expressions such as To sum up... In conclusion etc. Briefly restate your opinion in one or two sentences. Read the introduction and answer the questions. 11 Which is the best topic sentence for the introduction, Globalisation means that mere people a,b or €? Why? are doing business in other countries, and more a We should all learn a foreign language so that we of us are traveling for pleasure. Although it can travel without any problems. tiny be efficalt lours enober gags, fi b Speaking a foreign language has become mare iny opinion its nessary and worth the effort. Important than ever before € Learning 2 foreign language is a very useful way to spend your free time. B Based on the introduction, what do you think the main paragraphs will be about? Discuss your ideas with a partner. Read the writing task. What other reasons are there for learning a foreign language? Complete the gap with your own idea. In your English class you have been talking about language learning, Now Notes ‘your English teacher has asked you to write an essay for homework Write about: \Wite your essoy using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view. | 1._imoortance for business 2 good when travelling ‘Why is it important to learn a foreign language? ae eee 3 ____{your own idea} Read the example essay. Which idea did the writer use as their own? Do you agree with their view? Speaking @ foreign lenguage has become more important than ever before. Global'sation means thet more people are doing business in other counties, and more of us are travelling for pleasure. Although it may be dificult to learn another language, in my opinion, itis necessary and worth the effort. ‘To begin with, business is international and itis necessary for business paople to communicate effectively. English is the main language of business, but Chinese and Spanish have also become more important in recent years. ‘Another advantage of speaking a foreign language is that travelling becomes more enjoyable. When you can communicate with the local people, you can got information and slto make friends with them. Finally, another reason to lear @ foreign language is that it imoroves your cultural knowledge of other countries When you are familier with a country’s language, you can also understerd its literature, films and music. ‘To sum up, thare are many reasons to learn a foreign language. These include work, travel and cultural awareness. Whatever the reason, language is the key to communication and it can only enrich your Ife.E Read the example essay again and underline the topic sentences, Do they sum up the main ideas of the paragraphs? F Imagine you are writing this essay and you want to discuss _ ———— ‘the importance of speaking another language for study. . i Brainstorm some ressons why students need to speak other Useful Expressions languages. Then write a topic sentence. a points Ideas First of al. Tobegin with... One thing toconsideris ... Secondly... Topic sentence Another Apart fram that Inadaition (to this), Introducing your opinion G Look at the Useful Expressions and circle the correct linking Aomy opinions oats in the tent belo: Personally, believe that. Inmy view, To my ‘mind / opinion, the best way to learn a forelgn language is Tomy mind,.. to speak it every day. *Apart/ Another from that, listening to radio My personal opinionis programmes can also help you to learn a language. In "view / addition | concluding & Summarising to this, try reading novels or megazines in the foreign lenguage. Incondlusion,. Another method to “consider / conclude is attending lessens at a Toconclude, language school. $Finally / Personally, Ibelieve that any method will | Tosumup,.. bbe successful if you really want to learn, 0, H. Read the Exam Close-up and then complete the Exam Task below. Remember to write a clear introduction and a brief conclusion, use linking words and organise Exam up jour ideas into paragraphs. ‘ 7 x parsgran! Planning your opinion essay * Before you write your etsy, brainstorm fr Exam Task ideas and make a note of them. Inyour English cless you have been talking about studying » Choose yout best ieecand sles paretxatll abroad. Now your English teacher has asked you to write ven a pen for your essay. an essay for homework, ; * Use topic sentences to begin each paragreph Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons and keep you focused on the main idea of for your point of view. the paragraph. Some students study abroad rathor than in their own * Write @ clear imtroduction, but do not go into ‘Why do thoy do this? detail. You will discuss your ideas in the main paregraphs. * Finish with a brief conclusion that summarises Write about: your ideas. + eterunivertides: *# Use linking words and phrases in your essay. 2 cultural experience 3 (your own ides)entences, choosing the right sentences 0 the entertain & celebrities erfect simple & past perfect continuous, past simple vs (simple & continuous) multiple matching, identifying synonyms talking about c comparing photos phre ions, gapped text, completing missing wo story, thinking about the details, using prompts, time, dramatic anc ‘oncluding phr: Soeur end oes3 Star Quality ls Lo -seoanar guerrero Reading pecooreay ‘What do you know about Cleopatra? Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 4. She was the last queen of Egypt. [] 2 She was extremely beautiful. =F] 3. She had four chldron. o Word Focus 4 She was killed at the age of 30. elrsthe person who takes mee o someonas nace or tie when that fl 3 Quickly read the text to check Lanes 0 prevent anyone from coming in by blocking the entrance som: po'son froma snake or insect search holy your answers. Archaeologists search for the true |Mequaetacdaoeals rs household name. According to the erttic, Harold Bloom, she we Ra Ee woxid’s fist celebrity. If histoy isa stage, no aciress has played Rae gga | “ery roles: royal dauchter, royal mother, royal sister From 1540 t9 } sage 1905 she had already been the inspiration for five end 77 plays, the most famous of which must be Shakes Antony and Cleopatra. | Her name has been used on games, dry cloaners and oven » Madtertnean ool ution meritoring project. She i orbiting the sun as tho astoreid 26 Cloopa! “The realty, however, appears tobe rather diferent from thathas the last Grantex on unattractive shove resoncoins.|2___ The utarch stated that her appearance was Not the sort that would amaze se who saw her’ and was more imoressed with her character and persvasiveness, He also spoke of her pleasant voice, describing her as having a ‘tongue lke a mary-singed irstrument! Her ability to attract two powor‘ul Roman men: Julius Caesay, with hom she had ene gon; and Mark Antony, the father of three more children is exalained mora by har charm than her looks. After the murder af Caesar, Artany arc Cleopatra fought against Octavian, Caesar's herr, for control of the Roman Empire. They nad been fighting for more than a decade when Octavian’ forces finally Gefeated Antony and Cleopatra. 3. She cd hersel her mausoleum. Antony was later brought there to ce in Cleopatia’s arms, About ten days afier Antony had died, Cleopatra committed suicide with of apel snake. The famous couple were buried together but the location of the grave remains a mystery. For mary years, archeesiogists have been trying to solve this mystor. Alaxendia, where the cuasn and her ancestors lived for three centuries, was the obvious place 3h. However, it attracted less attention from archaeologists than more ancient sites along the Nile such asthe Pyramid Gizs, because ithad been affecteo by earthquakes, tidal waves and rising seas, in addition t9 man-made damage. 4) UnderwaterRead the Exam Close-up. Then underline the important words in the missing sentences in the Exam Task below. New complete the Exam Task. Remember to identify the main points in each paragraph to help you match the missing sentences. Exam Task Six sertances have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A ~ G the one which fits each gap (1 — 6). There is one extra sentence which you de not need to use A. Itseems that the real Cleopatra, for all her fame, was actully not such @ beauty. B_ When she had walkad around the site and photographed it, he became corvinced that Cleopatra's tomb was located there. Most of ancient Alexandiie now lies under ebout, & meres of water. D_ However, archaeologists have always paid Cleopatre much less attention. E Inthe twentieth contury, she starred in at loact soven films and was played by some of the greatest actresses. F She had planned to be buried outside Alexandria in a place alongside her beloved Merk Antony. G_ When the victorious enemy entered Alexandria in 30 B.C., Cleopatra was in danger. excavations did not begin urtil 1992and although arcnaeclogists ware able t0 understand Cleopatias 4d, n9y falled 10 find her tomb, ‘The focus then turned to the desert town of Taposiris Magna, about 45 kilometres west of Alexandria, In Cleopave’s time, ithad been a mejor port. The theory that Cleopatra might be buried there was frst put foward by a young archeeology lecturer called Kathiees Mertinez fom the Dominican Republi She had managed to persuade Zahi Hawass, the secretary-gene’el of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquitios, to allow her access to archasological sites. She visited the ancient city Taposiis Magne, present-day Abu Sir/5| This started a whole aw quest for Cleopatra in 2005 Martinez felt sure that modern researchers had missed important clues about Cleooatra’s burial place. Although ancient writing does not mention where Cleopatra ves buried, Mertinez believed thet she hed prepared everything in advance. & The question is where. it seers thot ever though Cleopatra is everywhere, she is nowhere! word's fies celabrity’? Why? / Why not? for many years to come? Why? / Why not? ‘Do you agree with the claim that Cleopatra was ‘the * Doyyou think the celebrities of today will be rememosred Exam up Choosing theright sentences, + When choosing the missing sentences, read the comolete text first to get a general understanding * Then go back and read each paragraph carefully to identify the main points. + Read the missing sentences and underline and important words or phrases + Finally, compare the main poiete in each paragraph with the missing sentences to camplate the text. Find these words in the article. Then use the words to complete the sentences below. atlehtion) inspitation "Woeation reputation royal 1. To ovoid the prose, the famous cousle got married sta cocret 2 The tonnis star's success wae a(n) —____ te many young players. 3. Although the singar has a bad «the journalist found her easy to interview. 4 She Is a member of the family 5. The film didn’t attract as much as they had hoped, | Ideas FocusStar Quality Vocabulary A. Choose the correct answers. 41. Winning en Acedemy Arvard was quite a(n) for the young actress. a accomplishment effort © victory 2. can’t stand magazines that are full of celebrity a chatter b gossio. == ¢ rumours 3 His last alum became a massive 2 favourite b bit © winner 4 She became a TV after winning a reality show. a character b figure © personelity 5 The ectoris for his dislike of the paparazzi. 2 influential b marked —€ notorious 6 Sadly not ali____artists become successful. a gifted b cualifed accomplished 7. Sports sters are often ‘by major companies. a encouraged b guaranteed ¢ sponsored 8 The footballer lost many of his fans because of the match-fixing @ disgrace b scandal «shame B Circle the correct words. 1. Emma has get sters in her sight / eyes, she's training to become an actress, 2 Entering a reality show is one way of getting publicity / PR. 3. | cometimes vit octal notworking ervironmonts /sitos to find out whore my favourite singer is oarforming next. 4 The winner / victorious of lest year's talent show has just released his frst album, | love it 5. masunporter fan of 2 really famous pop group. | think they're amazing! © Complete the text with these words. In the public eye Celebrities need a (1) manager the way normal people need oxygen — without it, they can’t survive, And that’s why many of them have turned to Facebook and ‘Twitter, two popular social networking (2) __________. Twitter enables them to get closer to their (3) ____________ and provides them with free (4) Many celebrities have millons of followers on Twiter. Even the most powerful mah on earth, Barack Obama, has a Twitter (©) However, you won't find President Obama making sily (6) or revealing highly personal information, Only the a) do that! In the past, celebrities quarded their (8) but the world is a different place now. "0 a) ‘CCMA A} Past Perfect Simple & Past Perfect Continuous A. Look at the words in bold. Which sentences use the Past Parfect Simple and which use the Past Perfect Continuous? 11 Wendy had just arrived at the restaurant when her favourite singer walked tn. 2. | decided not to see the film because | had read a bad review, 3. The contestants had been living in the house for six months before they announced the winner. 4 The fans had been waiting for their fevourite celebrity all day. B Read the sentences again and answer the questions. a Which sentences show an action that was completed before another action started? bb Which sentence shows a situation that was in prog Which sontonce shows that an action was not complete? Pkemc S E some time before another action interrupted it? oo C Circle the correct words. Tina hadr't sung / hadn't been singing for long when she was discovered and became a sta. The stor had slready given / had clready been giving three interviews thot doy. | had waited / had been waiting in line for concert tickets all morning, Miko hadn't bean / hadn't been going to the theatre before Rumours had gone / had been going around for some time that the singer wes getting martied Had you waited / Had you bean waiting long in the stadium before the group arrived? ‘As s00n es | had left / had been leaving # No one knew that the farnous singer had started out / had been start inema, it started to rain. ing out as 2 shop assistant, D Complete the text with the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect Continuous of these verbs. find finish fy make notbe reach Wain Work The woman who fell to Earth Long before reality TV and the Internet, the biggest celedrities were man and women of action who a afraid to risk their lives. They ware the adventurers who @Q new lands, the aviators who (3 across the world in their tiny planes, and the space explorers who (4) the stars, Valentina Tereshkeva is a Russian who, in 1963, bbocame the first woman in space. Sho 6) ina factory and was an amateur parachute jumper when she was chosen to be in the Saviet Unian cosmonaut programme. Normally, only pilots could enter the programme, but Tereshkova was chosen because of her experience with perachute jumping. She @ more than a hundred jumps. She (7) for 15 months before her Vostok 6 spacecraft was launched on June 16, 1963. Tereshkova spent three days in space before returning by parachuting from her spacecraft as it fell to Earth. When she @— her mission, she received the ‘Hero of the Soviet Union’ award.3 Star Quality Listening What kind of people become celebr jes? Discuss with a partner. (HEX Underline the key words in the statements below. Then listen to a talk about celebrities and make notes about what you hear. When the talk finishes, choose the statement that best summarises what the speaker says. a Members of royalty are no longer interesting enough to be in the public eye. b Opinions about what kind of people become celebrities are not fixed. © The entertainment industry has alweys produced the majority of stars. Read the Exam Close-up. Now underline key words in the Exam Task statements and think of synonyms or ways of expressing the words Exam up in a similar way. An example has been done for you. A behaviour: actions, attitude, habits (GLI!) Now complete the Exam Task. Identifying synonyms * Underline the key words and exoressions in the statements and ty to think of other ways of saying them, * When you listen the first time, try to summarise the main point each speaker makes and take notes. Exam Task You will heer five people talking about meeting celebrities, For questions 1 —5, choose from the list AH what each * The second time you listen, compare your speakar cays about the experince, Uso the letters only once. itis eit the Sterne fo ip Thero are throo xica letters which you do not need to use. est iste 1 Speaker? [J A _| was pleasantly surprised by this person’s behaviour. 2 Specker2 [] B Thiscelebrity acted lite they were royalty. 3 Speaker3 [) © This famous person lived up to his reputation, 4 Spoaker4 EJ D_ I met this person before he became wall known. 5 Specker5 [] E Thiscelebrity had a good sense of humour. F The star became vary violent. G Atficst | thought I'd seen someone who resembled e celebrity. H_ Meeting this weltknawn person has inspired me to become famous. (GLI) Listen again and check your answers.Star Quality Grammar 36 Past Simple vs Past Perfect (Simple & Continuous) A. Look at the sentences and answer the questions. 4. In 1937, aviator Amelia Earhart had been Flying across the Pacific Ocean when her plane vanished without a trace 2 Noone was able to find out what had happened to her. @ In each sentence, which action happened first and which one later? b Ineach sentence, which tense was used for the second action? Jer CD B Circle the correct words. 41 When I sow / hed seen Bill yestercey, he hadn't sold his car. 2. The airplane already took off /had already taken off when we arrived at the airport When | arrived / had arvived at the cinema, my friend Alice had elready bought the tickets After | painted / had been painting my room for an hour, | decided to take # break. By the time | phoned / had phoned hey, she had alreedy errenged to go out © Choose the correct time expression to complete the sentences. 4. She had been waiting for an opportunity Ike this yeers. a for b since ¢ clresdy 2 What exectly had they been doing __7 a today ballday —c next 3. Mark had never been to a Formula 1 race a after just € before 4 I had spoken, | regretted it @ Assoon as b While © Until 5 ___ had the man been following you for? @ Whattime —b Howlong © When 6 Wehad met two years before, and we hadn't liked each other then a never b always © already D Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or the Past Perfect (Simple & Continuous). Use the verbs ‘As soon as she entered the house, she realised that somebody broke / had broken in and stolen all her furniture. 1 She annoyed beceuse the paparazzi her all day. (be, follow’ 2 the reporter her before he article? (interview, write) 3 who the man was only after he his sunglasses. (ceelise, remove) 4 Bob__________ebout auditioning for the talent show, but he (think, chicken out) 5. The winner of Telent Show Live the most boring contestent | (60, over!soe) 6 Mybrother con his mobile phone when he into 2 lamp post. (tal, wali) 7 The TV presenter his guest when the studio lights - (ustfintraduce, go out) 8 She she could win the talent show, so she crying when her name was announced. (not believe, oegin)Use your Eualish Phrasal verbs A Complete the definitions with these phrasal verbs in the correct form. 1 gossip or rumours they circulate 2 Hyou__ someone, you think you are better than them. 3. When something such 2s ¢ fashion trend becomes popu, it 4 Kyou something, you meet expectations ar standarcs 5 you ‘93 something, you begin a career in that way. 6 If someone or something gets bad reviews, it_________ criticism, B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from A. 1 Sally ______ anyone whe isn't rich and fernous, 2. Unfortunataly, their last CD didn't ‘expectations so it sold poor'y. 3. Styles that stars wear with the general public. 4 Alice as a waltress, but went on to become a huge pop ster. 5 Her performance lot of eticiem because it was so bad. 6 Astoryis that a very famous Hollywood couple have just split up. Prepositions © Complete the phrases with these prepositions. You may use e word more than once. 1. She seems very cold public, but = § our estonishment, our private she's very friendly. neighbour won a competition on TV 2 Celebrites are aways pressureto. 6 ____ all accounts, that model is look their best. notoriously dificult to work with, 3. Fame often comes a price, which The stars seem to get on well, but | wonder what is usually one’s privacy. goes on the scenes? 4 Her egent will speak herbehalfet 8 2 doubt, reality shows ere the the press conference. most entertaining thing on TV at the moment. D Read the Exam Close-up and complete the Exam Task. ‘Completing missing words in a toxt * Before you complete the missing words, read the whole text through to get a For questions 1 ~8, read the text below and think of the word which best fts each gap. Use only one word in each gap. It’s a yes from me! general understanding. 1) been watching one of those popular + Then, complete the gaps with the missing talent shows on TV when t0 2) sarpisa, words, keeping in mind the language you my grandmother walked on stage! My mum had fave stuiod in this unit (3) _____sitting in the aucience and waved to the |) * Finally, read the whole text again checking camera, as though she was (4) directly to that that the gaps you heve completed me, She had said (5) __she left the house this work well with the text. morning that | couldn't miss the show, but at the time | had no idea why! My grandmother had (6) her specel ‘lent secret all these years end my mum thought it was time to letit out, so had ) "her to enter the show. And what a wondedul singer my grandmother was — she had an amazing voico and (8) in hor eyes! 39Star Quality Thinking about the details + Keep your storyline simple and remember to include information on these aspects of your story: place, time, characters end action. * Since you are telling a story, yau will need to Use narrative tenses for the reader to follow the sequence of events. You should also use linking words, particularly time phrases, * tS. good idea to vary your structures. For exemple, you cen use direct speech from the cheractets to make your story more vivid. If you use direct speech, be careful with punctuation. A Choose the most interesting sentence to follow each prompt and justify your choice. Why aren't the other options as good? How can you improve them? 1. Catherine answered the door and got the shock of her life. 2 Noone was there, but she lacked down and saw a black package b_Anold friend from the past, who she hadn't seen in years, wes standing on her doorstep. 2. When the letter filly arrved, | couldn't baliove it. a. AsI rloped open the envelope and pulled out the letter | was shaking like a leaf, | didn’t know what it said, so | opened it very quickly and read it. 3 Ithad been the best day of Danny's lif 2 Ashe sat on his bed thinking about it, he wes smiling from ear to ear b The surprise was fantastic end he would never forget it. B_ Now, write your own sentence to follow this prompt Henry was sure he was making the right decision. C Read the writing task below. Imagine you are going to write this story. Answer the questions below. You have decided to enter an international short story competition, The competition rules say that the story must begin with the words: ‘Mark coulan't believe his good luck. Write your story in 140-190 words in en appropriate style. Where does the story take place? When does it take place? Who is/are the main character(s)? What haopens? D in your notebook, write your own first paragraph, starting with the prompt sentence in C. Try te write your poragraph in 15 minutes.E Read the example story. How does the first paragraph compare to yours? ‘Mark coulda: believe his good luck. He was watching his favourite television show, Tedent Show Live, when suddenly the presenter announced, ‘Mark Kaowrch-Potayrow, you are chis week's home winner!" ‘Mark leaped off the couch, He was absolutely stunned. He had never won anything before in his life. Alte later he called the number on the screen. ‘I'm Mark Kaowtch-Potaytovr he said excitedly. “The man on the phone congratulated him warmly and thea told him about the prize. Maark couldait believe his ears! He was going to mect his favourite singer, Musky Beaver. Mark desperately wanted to be a celebrity and hhe was looking forward to getting some tips from Musky. Finally, the big day Mark had been eagerly ‘waiting for arrived! Unforcunately, it didn turn out as Mark had hoped. Musky spent most of the time talking on his mobile. As ough, he was incredibly rude and arrogant and didat even want to give Mark his autograph. ‘Mark was bitterly disappointed, and he decided chat he no longer wanted to be famous. He didn't want to become like Musky! F Replace the underlined words in the story with these phrases/expressions Eyam Using prompts + For the story task you will be given a prompt sentence. Your story must continue G Read this pian and the Exam Close-up. Then make your from the prompt sentence or end with plan for the Exam Task below. the prompt sentence, depending on the instructions. You must not change the words given in that sentence. Prmumhi Seen ela ice BCS Paragraph 2: Write the mein part of the story. ci nore sean ik Parscraph & Wite theclinal of the coy Jae naratve tenses and time phresss 20 the Paragraph 4: What happened after the climax? srqpence.of avert hi your story i dean, Note: You may write three paragraphs and put the main part of the story, including the dlimax, in paragraph 2. H_ Now complete the Exam Task. Use the Useful Expressions to help you. Remember to use narrative sentences so the sequence of events in your story is clear. Your teacher has asked you to enter a story writing, competition for an English sneaking magazine. Your story must begin with this sentence: had never felt so nervous before in my life. Write your story in 140 ~ 190 werds in an appropriate style f ‘Useful Expressions \ Time phrases Dramatic phrases Concluding phrases One day, Not long afterwards, Suddenly, Finally Irall began Later that day, All ofa sudden, At ast, At fist, litte later, Without warning, Eventually, Before... Meanwhile. Outofthe blue. When itwas.all over, . Previously Quite unexpectedly... Looking beck now, ... Earlier Just then .. In theend, a[ones Ce dc eta) [ Piensa in Chicago, linots, USA. ak a woh D Ae| City Living A What are the advantages and disadvantages of living Word Focus ina big city? Discuss the following with a partner. slum:a very poor and crowded areain ac si see fiscrimination treating a group of people unfairly safety = work because of their skin colour, religion, etc tansport + leisure time ethnic group: a group of people with aparticuar = onviroament + communi nationality immigrant a parson whohas come toa ifferent B What do you think it would be like to live in these country to lve there permanently cities? Read the article and see how many of your mugged: attacked and robbed ina public piace ideas were right. gritty: ough and not attractive Carolina, 17 (S20 Paulo, Brazil) Live in Heliopolis, a favela in Sao Paulo. A favele is called a slum in English, 0 you can probably guess what it’ like. Most favelas began as illegal settlements, where poor workers built vary simple homes, and Heliopolis isno exception. My house has three small rooms and | live with my parents and two brothers, s0 we're cramped. A cousin from Rio de Janeiro recertly asked me if | would prefer to lve in a more attractive district. | suppose larger house on a pretty street would be nice, but to me, Heliopolis is ‘special because it has so much commurity spirit and | don't think I'd fine thet anywhere else. The Hellopolls residents are warm and friendly and live well together. The problem is the discrimination we suffer from middle-class neighbourhoods that look down on us. Ben, 16 (Sydney, Australio) Sydney isa city on the water that is also close to mountains, so we have a great lifestyle here. Not many cities can combine urban living with such activities in the fresh air. I surf at the local beech, do have to be careful about sharks - they're a real threat! ther great thing about Sydney is the mix of different ethnic groups end cultures; just in my street, there are families with .grounds from Crostie, Lebanon, Vietnam, China end Indie. Thats typical in this cty. My own grandparents came hero from Wales in the 1960s. Thare are opportunities for everyone here and resources for immigrants and disadvantaged people. | think we're really fortunate to live in a matropalis that has so much to offer and so few of the problems that affect other major cities. ¢ love to travel and see the world one day, but Sydney will abways be home.© Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task below and underline the key words. D Now complete the Exam Task. Exam Task ‘You are going to read an article about four teenagers who live in big cities. For questions 1 — 10, choose from the teenagers (A ~D). The teenagers may be chosen more than once. Which teenager 1. is from a city with two distinct architectural styles? 2. livesina disedventaged area? has never been a victim of crime? ‘enjoys an active outdoor life? is proud of their city's place in the world? dislikes it when some people break the law? isin a cty that has welcomed many new residents? mentions a popular pastime in their city? feels lucky to ive in the their city? 1 [ej Alison, 16 (ew York City, USA) New York has a reputation as a dangerous city. Personally, Ive never been mugged and I've never seen any kind of violence, but there are times when| do feel insecure. it realy depends on what neighbourhood I'm in. Some ere worse than others, 0 | just have to be careful where | go and when | go there. For example, | wouldn't walk down a dark. alley alone at night. t's just common sense to avoid ‘certain places, and it’s something you would do in any big city. On the plus side, though, there’s a buzz ‘and energy in New York that no other city hes. You foo! that things are happening here and that you're part of something special. We New Yorkers like to think our city is the centre of the universe, I'm sure some people would disagree, but for me, it truly is ‘the most exciting city on Earth. | Ideas Focus | « talks about a feeling of belonging in the neighbourhood? B) retrcs, 17 (athens, Greece) {ts hard to doserioe Athons. For most foreigners it’ 2 city famous forite ancient ruins, but they don’t see the grtty sido. It has its fir share of ugly modern buildings and grafft, too. | suppose you could say its a city of contrasts. Anather thing that characterises Athens are the pedestrian-only areas in different parts of the city. There are cafes, pastry shops and restaurants with auteide seating in these areas, Dut cars and motorbikes drive through them illegally! That kind Of behaviour is typical, too. | find it oretty annoying, but there aren't enough police to stop them. Speaking of cafes, Athenians spend a lot of time there. k's another feature of Athenian life. Spending two or three hours over 2 coffee is accepteble, and no one is pressured 10 drink up end leave. Unlike other cities, we never drink coffee on the run, Ithes to be enjoyed, and preferably with fiends! Exam up ‘Skimming and scanning for specific information ‘© Before you read! the text, underline the key words in the questions *+ Skim read the text to get the main ideas. + Scan the text 10 look for specific information which matches the key words in the questions. ind the meaning of the words in the tho sentences below. cstret (para) | Corry Bars) resident (para A) metropolis (para B) alley (para C), pedestrian (para 0) 1 Only one inthe street 2 The local council is responsible for collecting the rubbish in our ooooonooo0oo0 4 This ie 2 dangerous road to cross; a ‘was nearly killed here last week. 5. The largest Greek Greece is in Melbourne, Australie 6 Don't park your motorbike in the because it isn’t safe there. ‘What are the best things about city living? ‘Would you live in the countryside? Why? / Why not? article. Then use the words to complote 3. Tokyo, the capital city of Japan, is a huge with millions of inhabitants, outside of complained about the noise from the party,Vocabulary ‘A Match the definitions with these words. 4. flatmate Oo @ ues Ao A. Aperson who pays rent for the use of a building 3 landlord/endiedy £] B Apperson who lives in an empty building without permission 4 ledger g € Apperson who pays for a room in someone else's house. 5 occupant oo D Apperson you share en apartment with & resident go EA person who owns abulding and recelves ret fort 7 squatter erzon who lives ina place 8 tenant oO re ' Complete the sentences with these words 4. Jomes ves on the ofthe city and it takes him ages to get to the city centre. 2 The majority of the world’s population lives in ereas, which is why cities ere a0 crowded. 3. We're looking for a new house with a garden ine quiet_____________area that s close to schools. 4: t's crazy on Saturday mornings in the area as everyone is out deing their shopping, 5 Idon't like city areas because they're usually dirty, fll of grafti and really ugly! & I grew up in fn) of Melbourne called Clayton which is about 20 kilometres from the city centre 7. Fifth Avenue in Manhattan isin the most expensive shopping in the world. 8 Many factories are located in the park on the edge of town, Cirelo the correct words. 41 We drove along a tree-lined alley / evanue and then turned right into a narrow alley / avenue. 2 I stepped onto the pavement / parking meter, locked my car and put some coins into the pavement / parking meter. 3. As she approached the junction / traffic light, she slowed down because the junction / traffic light was red, 4. Basil damaged his car because he was looking for a street sign / speed bump end didn't see the street sign / speed bump. 5. Drivers must always stoo at a pedestrian area / zebra crossing and they must never enter @ pedesttien area / zebra crossing. 6 Don't drive over the speed cameras / seed limit because there are speed cameras / speed limit everywhere and you will be caught! D Work with a partner. Where are these streets and what are they famous for? OXFORD STREET W1 CITY OF WESTMINSTER DOWNING STREET SW1 ‘TY OF WESTMINSTERFuture Forms A. Read the sentences a-k and match them to the uses 1-11 2 Henry has decided he's going te become on 1 architect. 2 will you help me with my roject on green roofs? € The old tenants will have moved out of the fat 3 by Friday. d_ Cities will become more crowded in the futur @ By December, | will have been working for ten years. Watch cut! The ladder is going to fall! 6 9 h ‘Shall we go to the cinema tonight? The estate agent will be showing us the house atone 4g o'clock Don't worry. I'll do the housework before you 9 gethome. Shall | go to the supermarket for you? 10 I think Ill take the bus today. on Crna See SE B Circle the correct words. 4 Future Simple for promises Future Simple for predictions Future Simple for decisions taken at the moment of speaking Future Simple for requests Future Continuous for actions/situations in progross at futuro time Be going to for intentions Be going te for predictions based on evidence Future Perfect Simple for events that wil happen before a specific future time Future Perfect Continuous for long actions/situations before a future time Shall for offers Shall for suggestions OOO O OOO OOO 1 2 Wait a minute. | will get / will be getting dressed very cuickly Sue will have been working / wil ‘work here for ten years by the end of the month, Mary won't eat / won't have eaten, so let's take her a sandwich. Mum will be fishing / will have finished cooking ky the time we When | get home in the afternoon, my rather will be watching / will watch his favourite TV programme. Don’t forget. The plane lands / will land at 7 om. Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences. Use the word in bold. 1 Tm going to the city cantre tomorrow and I'm going te buy a pair of shoes. when to the city centre tomorrow, | will buy @ pair of shoes 2 Their meeting at the town hall is on Saturday. having They ___________at the town hall on Saturday. 3. Hurry up, Merk! We'll get to the station after the tein leaves, will By the time we get to the station, the train 4. The traffic light must change to green before you cen go. until You can't go to green. 5 Oh, nol That bridge looks shaky! to ‘Oh, no! That bridge collapse! 6 | started juilding my new house in February and it's now April. have By Mey, | my new house for four months.Listening Circle the correct words. 41 Aperson who livesin a city is a 2 Constant annoying sound is callednoise 5 3. The countryside is a(n) | area, é (ECA] Liston to three speakers and answer the questions. There is one question for each speaker. 11 What kind of place does the woman describe Brighton as? 2 Why doesn’t the man lke cities? 3 What kind of people has the woman met in Brighton? IEICII) Now listen again and choose the best answer (a, b or ¢) for questions 1-3 in B. 1 a arural village on the coast b large inland city mainly |ocal people people from different backgrounds © acity by the see 2 a He can't find employment there. b He would rather live somewhere quieter ¢ He likes to be by the sea. 3 a people from her hometown b Read the Exam Close-up and underline the important words in the Exam Task. (EX) Now complete the Exam Task. if you visit the city on @ regular bas's, you & Town planners are people whose job itis to 4 Ifa partef the brain regulates something, it 0 there. Exam Preparing to listen + Before you listen to an interview in the exam, make sure you understand all the questions frst + Underline the important wards in the multiple choice questions and answers. ‘+ Make notes while you listen and don't worry if you can't engwer a question ~ go on to the next one. ‘Then go back and complete the answers you missed. Don't leave any questions. Guess if you have to! up oar | Exam Task You will hear an interview with a psychologist called Karen Black, wno's talking about the effects of city ving on health. For questions 1 ~ 6, choose the best answer @ boc). 41 What does Karen Black claim will happen by 2050? 2 There will be more job opportunites in ural eres. b Salaries will be higher in cites. € The majority of paopie wil ive in cities. 2 In comparison to these in rural ereas, people who live incites 2 have higher stress levels b have a lower standard of living € have fewer job opportunities. 3 Inthe city @ crimes on the rise. there is enough room for everyone. € it isn’tas noisy es in rural areas. 4 People who live in the suburbs a have a higher quality of life than rural dwellers b ate negatively affected by the stresses of the city. © rarely tevel to urban areas 5. What has Keren’s research proved? a that ety-cwellers’ brains operate differently to rural-dwellers’ brains that the amygdala regulates emotions € that mood swings are more common in city-dwellers & Who doos Karen say these results might be usoful to? a mental health patients town planners € health-care workers (03) Listen again and check your answers.San Gimignano, @ town declared by UNESCO to be part of the world’s ‘A Work with a partner and answer these questions. * Do you live in an urban or a rural area? ‘What aro the advantages and disadvantages cof the place where you live? How could your hometown became a better place to live? B Write down as many positive features of big cities as you can think of in one minute. Then look at the pictures in the Exam Task to soe if any of those are illustratod by the picturos. (Read the Exam Close-up. Then complete the Exam Task in pairs. Use the Useful Expressions where Exam Task Imagine that your class has to do a presentation on the most important benefits abaut ving in city. Here ara some ideas. Talk together about each of the suggestions. Expressing opinions ‘+ Romombor its important to interact with your partner when you do this task. + Don’t forget to ask for and give opinions, and agree and disagree with your partner. + Listen carefully to what your partner says and see if you can add ideas or give contrasting points of view. ‘entertainment wat Vw ‘What are the advantages of ving in acity? ee ——~ cultural activities and shopping areas age Now you have one minute to decide which two benefits should go in the presentation, Useful ‘Expressions Agreeing Disagreeing Partly agreeing Yes, you'e (absolutely) right about Ion think ts true that \agree with you up toa point about .. I couldn't agree more that... [im sorry, but | dont really agree that... mot entirely convinced that. lagree entirely with you when yousay...__Im afraid disagree with you about | Ideas FOCus | « Howere people who live in cities different from those who \ live in the countryside? * Some people think cities are lonely places? Do you agree? 49Je careful A few uncountable nouns end in, but they follow the rules for uncountable nouns and take a singular verb. Countable & Uncountable Nouns I Be 1 e A Countable nouns can be singular or plural Uncountable nouns refer to abstract ideas or things that cannot be counted. They cannot Some of these nouns are news, maths, physics, be used with an indefinite article a/an economics, politics, athletics and they cannot be made plural. Look at Maths is my best subject he sentences belove Which at the Noles 2. Some nouns only heve @ plural form and teke a in bold are countable (C) and which are STalvere. ? ene They include clothes, jeans, trousers, feelings, glasses, 41 The air in cities is dirty and there is scissors, outskirts. rubbish in the streets. OO The outskirts of the city are too far from the centre, 2. We're looking for accommodation. Isthere a hotel neorty? oo Bea 3. There are lots of shops in the centre, but business isn't good. (Lj Quantifiers 4 Jack hasn't got any money. He C Some quantifiers can be used only with countable or feck ose on uncountable nouns, while others such as some, any, no, 5. Very important research is done in lots of and a lot of can be used with both, Look at the these two laboratories. oo words in bold in the sentences and complote the gaps. 6 All the vehicles in this city create Few people like living in this village because there aren't torriblo traffic, TW ar pe ees ae east acer ae B The nouns below can be both countable and pecnle Deve me bien serra hee uncountable depending on their meaning. 1 and can only be used with countable Explain the different meanings. nouns. | er tre 9s ar aN we 2 and can only 69 used with uncountable D which of these sentences are correct (C) F Read the text below and think of the word which best or incorrect (11? fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. 1. Teke the rubbishes outside, please 2. There ie some good news for you in this letter 3. Hurry up! We don't heve many time 4 The police were asking questions about Carol 5. Wo'ro stil waiting for some new equipments 6 He gave mea useful advice. Lisbon E Match the phrases with the nouns. Very (1) J) tv'cs Esko pacstette isnon) Pottucstsintrta 4 epieceof [a soup capital, Apart from its distinctive fado music and inerediole cuisine, 2 sswronot Sb bread Rabe etna sagt at = oh Som oO see Thero's something special about (2) of the graffiti. Lisbon 4 ecu of d tuna hes so (3) ____ empty buildings that the city asked graffiti S abowef [] — @ milk anists to decorate them with giant murals. ln fact, itis estimated that & atinof f coffes the number of abandoned buildings just in the city centre is over 4,000. Crumbling buldings that were boardad up have come to life again 2s canvasses for (@) urban artists. Some residerts beleve thet it hes brightened up the city centre end added to its charm, but others dzagroa, They have (8) intorest in urban art and would preferts have (6) graffiti stallUse your Guaglish —_Collecations & Expressions C One word completes all of those phrases. Write the Phrasal vers Se ‘A. Match the phrasal verbs to their meanings. home —___ 1 getaway [] 4 moveout [J ghost 2 hangout CE] 5 setledown CJ talkofthe 3 move into T] right on the a. stert living 2 fixed and routine life paint the ted 'b leave e place you ive in hal € go on holiday or for a short brask d_ spend time socially 1. [ve just won the lottery! Let's © startlving in a olace ! 2. Archie lives in Edinourgh now, but Glasgow is his B Complete the sentences with the correct iceeeaeaciealdidaaatites form of the phrasal verbs from A. 3. The new archaeological museum is the 1. After finding a good job in the city, Harry 4. The mayor asked the residents to attend e mesting at the decided it was time to get married and 5 Fectories closed down, people moved away and Alley 2 Vm" _ of my fia tomorrow became ‘end my friends are helbing me to pack. & Lot's go out for dinnor and a film; wo haven't hed 2 3. Lots of tesnagers who live in cities inages. with their fiends at malls, D Read the Exam Close-up. Then quickly read the text in 4 I can't stand the Pallution y tt tty! | need to ‘the Exam Task and answer the questions. 5 Aicaiscoohedl Shes 1. How does city living meke many people feel? her new fiat tomorrow! 2. Inwhat kind of building do many city-dwellers live? Exam Task E Complete the Exam Task. For questions 1 ~8, read the text below and decide which answer (a, b, cor d) best fits each gap. Pushing end shoving. Stress and anxiety. For mary people, that’s ‘what city living is. There are crowds everywhere end there's very litte (1)__ space. Cities like Shanghai, Cairo and Mexico City have high (2)__ density, thet is, the number of people per squere kilometre, s0 they are always crowded. In order to provide accommodation for millions of city-dwellers, apartment buildings have sprung up everywhere and some cities have become (3)_—_jungles. Cities are also ineradibly noisy due to the constant traffic and such (4) pollution often leads to stress for the inhabitants. They re always rushing here and there, (5)___ their busy lives. Surely they want ‘some peace and quiet, a way to escape the (6) _ race. interestingly, however, there ere people who thrive in such environments. New Yorkers, for example, enjoy living life in the (7)_ lane and taking advantage of everything the city has to offer. Where else, they ask, ‘would they come across people from all (8)__ of life? And where else could they make their dreams come tue? Choosing the correct word + With a multiple-choice text, you should read the complete text quickly first to get a general understanding, + Then read each sentence cerefully and make sure you know what type of word is missing, * Look et the multiple-choice options and 200 if thore is a word that fits. Where words are sirilar, take time to read the “options careful + Road the sontence with the word you hhave chosen to make sure it makes 1 © privete —b personal only individual 2 a number b people population —d_oxpansion 3a concreto b solid © coment d fixed 4 2 sound = b human hearing, noise 5 a dealing b walking leading watching 6 a cat b cat © horse d dog 7 a slow b late fast quick Ba waks = -b works © deperments stages © -Doyou think living in a busy city can be stressful? Ideas Focus Why? / Why not? * Inyour opinion, what features would a perfect city have? 51