Chapter Four Basic Algebra and Algebraic Manipulationg& Exercise a 4A Write down an algebraic expression for each of the following statements, (a) Add 5y to the product of a and b. (b) Subtract 3 from the cube of f (©) Multiply & by 6g. (@) Divide 2w by 3xy. (e) Subtract 4 times the positive square root of z from thrice of x. (f) Twice the variable p divided by the product. of Sand q. Given that x= 6 and y =-4, evaluate each of the following expressions. @) 4x-7y ) Sex y (o28-¥ (8) 30% 5 and ¢=6, evaluate each 3. Given that a=3, of the following expressions. (a) a(3e - b) (b) Ce ac 4. Simplify each of the following expressions (@) 5x+22- 64-23, () x4 3y + 6r+4y (©) Gry + 13-2925 (8) Gx 20y + 72-8 + 25y— Me OXFORD 44 Quesions ah 5. Find the sum of each of the following expressions. (a) 2+ 4y, (b) 4-42, 76-60 (0 6d=4e, —Te+ 6d (@) 3pq~6hk, Sap + 14d 6. Write down an algebraic expression for each of the following statements (@) Subtract the cube root ofthe product of x and 3y from the square of the sum of a and b. (6) The total value of x 20-cent coins and _yS-dollar notes in cents. 2, evaluate 7. Given that a=3, each of the following expressions. Sasde be , ac bee asbe2e Se © Fab te O 3045" a ‘8. Simplify each of the following expressions. (a) 15x+(-7)) + (18) + 4y (b) ~3t + (5y) — C105) ~ 7 (0) 9x- °° Ghapter 4 Basic Algebra and Algebraic Manipulation9. Simplify each of the following expressions. ar teety a 2ydy -dnde Bode pe 5 10. (i) Simplify the expression 39+ -9)= Tr Bp) —q+ 2 Gi) Find the value of the expression when p =2, 1 1 and r=-5. i 11. Raj is 12m years old. His son was born when he was 9n years old, (@ Find Raj’s age 5 years later. (i) Find the sum oftheir ages in 5 years time Expansion and Simplification of 12, Huixian bought 8 books at $i each and 7 pen Sm each, She had $(3w + 5) let Find the amy cof money she had at frst. PouNesans 13. Ata famous roti prata shop, for every two people who order egg prata, there are five people why order plain prata (a) Ifa people order egg prata, how many people order plain prata? (b) 178 people order plain prata, how many people order egg prata? (©) If there are a total ofc people in the shop, how many of them order egg prata?s “+ Exercise 4B (releayae 1. Expand each of the following expressions. INTERMEDIATE LEVEL 6. Expandandsir each ofthe followings (a) ~(«+5) ) -4-») (@) 4u—3(2u~5») (0) 2y+7) (d) 82y-5) (b) -2a-3(a-b) (e) 8(3a- 4b) ( -3(c+6) (©) Im~2n=-23n-2m) @ 4a-6) (h) 2a(x-y) (@) S(2x+.4)- 3(-6-2) | Expand and simplify each of the following expressions. (@) 5(a+2b)-3 ——(b) T(p + 109) + 2(6p +74) (Q.a+3b-(Ga-4b) @) x+3Qx-3y4d) +7 (e) -4(a - 3b) - 5(a - 36) (9 537-24) -203p +24) (@ x+y-23r-4y +3) (h) 3(p-24)-42p-34-5) (i) 9(2a + 4b - Te) — 4(b -c) - 1(-¢ 46) @ AS +3y)-4r+29)] 3. Khairul is x years old. Khairul's uncle is four times as old as Khairul will be in 5 years .Find the 7. present age of Khairul’s uncle. Subtract (@) ~6r-3 from 2x-5, () 6r—y+5z from 10x-2y +2, (© 8p +9q-5rs from ~4p —4q + 15s, 4. A pear costs x cents. An orange costs y cents less (@) 8a~3b + Se— 4d from 10a ~_b— 4-84. than a pear. Find the cost of 4 pears and half a dozen of oranges. PONeareares 8. Expandand simplify each ofthe followingexpesin (a) -2{3a-4[a- (2 +a)]} (b) S(3e~[4-2(e + )} 9, The average monthly salary of m male employ and f female employees of a company is $l If the average monthly salary of the mi ‘employees is $(b + 200), find the average mond! i h, 1 skirts at $12 5. Devi bought 7 skirts at $x each, n skirts sanyo the female employecs each, (2n + 1) skirts at $15 each and 4 skirts at $3xeach. Find the total cost of the skirts she bought.r exercise 4c | 3 — each of the following expressions. 3. Express each of the following as a fraction in iy | @ fet ii simplest form. 2. Expand and simplify each ofthe following expressions. @ sa+4b-3e-(20-34+3¢) 4, Factorise each of the following expressions : wee completely. () $2r+2(x-3)) (@ 12-9 (by -25y-35 3 (© 216-36by (@) 8ax + 12a-4az (© 202p- +20) (@)4m~6ny~ 18m (@) H18x+10- 60-439) OXFORD | © sarert Basic ger ntsc tition Da(OM 5. Expand and simplify each of the following expressions. 2 (@ y-30x-3) () -}{6(p +9) 31p-20p - 349) 6. Express each of the following as a fraction in its simplest form. 1843), SOx~ oy) ed , 24-8) é 3x-4_ 3-1 wy BA aed x 4@z-3) © tP-S 49) 3p +. (o 22540 e+ c b_ Ma- to --He328 243) 1 0%; a+l_a+3_ Sa-2 Ot 4 rel x03 54-1 Oa ae gy 2(a-b) 2a+3b arb ® T mt 2 243, S3x+4) 0 +1 ~Ay and 5. ie {| ees OXFORD Chapter 4 Basic Algebra and Algebrate Mtanipul Bouse Factorise each of the following expressions completely. (a) Sx+ 10x(6 +0) (b) Bay 6x2) (© 20(7 +y)= 14x +2) (€) -30(2 +b) + 18a(b-1) (©) -Ay(x—2) - 1293-2) Express each of the following as a fraction in its simplest form. 5 2+) Ope Gal 2a+h_ Xa-3)_sa+2b) a 7 6 a ro) @4 1. In algebra, we use symbols, eg. x,y, a? and x, to represent numbers. The linear expression 3x — 4y + 5 consists of three terms, namely 3x, The constant is 5. The variable is y and its coefficient is 4, The variable is x and its coefficient is 3.= 8 eXPaNSIon, | 1+ Given that a=—2 and pe 7, evaluate each of the following expressions, | (a) sa+5p ©) 2? =) ay @Dab-0) oe O GaP | 2. Find the value of 3-59" -2xy2 so when x= Expand and/or simplify each ofthe following expressions. (a) b) © @ © oO 3ab—Sxy+4ab+2yx 4p ~ 5q) + 6(24~5p) 2a+3{a-(b-a)] +7(2b-a) -2[3x — (4x - Sy) - 2(3x - 4y)] Ah 3Yf-61f-W)}} Sox 5y) ~ {2e— [3x — 3x29) + yD} SOE in the given egpresTae TTT . Express each of the following as a fraction, simplest form. wy 25 ,55* ty See © _ bef Jak, Mk (@ 3-42534_s-4P 9 x25) [Se-») 2 6 2 3. Factorise each of the following expressions completely. (@) 21pq + 14q~28qr () 4x-89-22) OxFoRDI A collection of coins contains only 10-cent and 5-cent coins. There are.x5-cent coins in the collection. Find ; (@) the total value of the 5-cent coins, (b) the total value of the 10-cent coins if there are three times as many 10-cent as 5-cent coins, (©) the total value of the coins if there are seven S-cent coins for every three 10-cent coins. Farhan cycles x km in 3 hours. If he maintains the same average speed, how far can he cycle in y minutes? (a) Find the difference between 3y minutes and 25y seconds, giving your answer in seconds. (b) Find the sum of 50(3z ~ 2) minutes and 4(z +1) hours, giving your answer in seconds. 9. Shirley and Kate worked during their school holidays. Shirley was paid $x per hour and Kate was paid Sy per hour. Their overtime rates were 1.5 times their hourly rates. Shirley worked 25 hours, of which 5 were overtime hours, while Kate worked 18 hours, of which 4 were overtime hours. Find the total amount they earned. If Shirley was paid $5.50 per hour and Kate ‘was paid $0.50 more than her, how much did they earn altogether during the school holidays? ). An examination consists of 3 papers. The minimum total score required to pass the examination is (lop + 5q) marks. Michael scores (p~ 34+ 13) marks land (3p + 5q—4) marks in the first two papers. (Find Michae’s total score in the first wo papers. Gi) Given that Michael obtained the minimum total score required to pass the examination, find his score in the third paper. ) Factorise the result in Gi.1, Expand each of the following: (a) (b) © (a) © © (e) (hy @ @ 3(2a + b) 4(3x + 4y) 5(3e = 4d) (5h — 2k) -3(2h + Tk) -8(3a + 5b) -6(7x - 3y) -9(3h - 2k) 203 + 4x) -5(2 - 3x) 2, Expand each of the following: @ (b) © @ © wo @) (h) a @ 2x(Sx + y) 3a(2a + 7b) 6x(3x — y) Sa(a ~ b) ~x(Sh + 3k) -Ba(2a + 3b) ~2h(2h — 3k ) —4m(2m ~ Sn) ~Ta(-2a + 31 2) ~3k(-2h - 74) ‘of Algebraic Expressions Sn Expand and simplify each of the following: (a) (x4 1) 43x +5) (b) 42x43) + 5(x + 3) (©) 5th +3)-24 +h) (@) 12x41) 40+ 3) (©) 8h 4) + 5(h-2) (f) 6(5x - 4) + 23x - 2) (g) 3(2h - 1) - 25h - 3) (h) 4(3x - 5) - 6(2 - 3x) (5 - 2x) + 366 - 5x) @ 7x -4) + 4G - 2x) Expand and simplify each of the following: (a) 2x41) +044) (b) xx + 1) + 2xGx +3) (©) 2x(2x + 3) - (2 - 5x) (@) 3x5 #4) - 23x -7) (@) -2x(3 + 4x) — SxGr— 1) (© p(Sp - 9) - 2p3q-p) (g) 3a(2a ~ b) + 3a(b ~ 3a) (h) 2a(b ~ 2a) ~ 4a(a ~ 2b) @ 2pGp - 54) - p2q - p) G) 4x(3x + y) - 3x(2x - Sy)oumpiyy se jouowing: (a) (x + 2y(x45) (b) (2x? + 3x + 20Sx—4) sptich ax (@) ("+ 2g +5) wie a0 +50 420410 = 10x" 8x7 + 15x? — = 10x" + 7x? ~ 2x8, 1. Expand the following: (a) (a+ 3\(a+7) (b) (a -5)(a— 6) (©) (c- 2c +7) @ (+ 1De-9) ©) (n+ 9\n+9) () (n-9)(n -9) (@) (+ 3ye-y) (h) (6 - 4e)(b + 4c) (i) (m + 2py(m - 3p) @ (+ fle+ 5p 2. Simplify each of the following: (a) 5+ (x4 1x43) (b) 3x + (2x- Dx +7) (©) 6x" + (2x + 3Y(x- 1) (@) 2x-@- 45-6) 12x + 10x38 i" Biierci (©) 40° - Bx-4)2x +1) () 15-(@-4)(x~7) (g) (x + 2)(x + 1) - 200 +5) (h) (x ~ 3)(x ~ 4) + 2x(x - 4) (i) 2xx- 4) - @- Dew +3) @) Qx- 1 +5) - Sux - 4) Find the following products: (a) (++ Ie +2) (b) (-x- 141) (©) (f+ 2x- De~1) (d) (x - 2x + 3)(x-2) (©) @ +3a-2a +3) () (@ -3a4 4ya-3) (g) (x +4)(0 - Sx +7) (h) (x - 5)? + 4x- 1) @ (+3)Q?-7x-2) @ x+ IG? +3x-1)ee a 1. Expand each of the following: (a) (a+ 4y (b) (n+ 7F © @-9 @ (Qx-1" @ (1-37 () (2+ 3KF ®) @- 247 th) (- 4d? @ (Gx-3y @ 4-30" 2. Expand each of the following: (a) (2x 5)(2e +5) (b) (x + 4)3x-4) (©) (Sx ~2)(5x +2) (@) (2x +3) 2e-3) (e) (7 - 2x)(7 + 2x) 2h-HAA+K (g) (6x + 56x 5) (h) Gp - gSp +) @ @r-1D2r+ 1) @ -y)@? +y) 3. Use the algebraic identities to evaluate each of the following: (a) 502 x 498 (b) 305 x 295 (c) 98 x 102 (@ 1203* (© 9017 (899° (e) 892° (h) 805° (@) 69 +138 +1 @ 78431244 Ty 7 ‘Panton and Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Blo] . Ifa? J. f(a by 14 and xy = 5, find the value of (x +y/ . Given that a + b = 10 and a’ - b* = 40, find the value of a b. . Ifx2 + y? = 86 and xy = —16, find the value of (yy 161 and ab = -120, calculate the +8. value of Using alegbraic rules and without using a calculator, evaluate 236 ” 238 x 234 a 18 x 164 164? = 161 x 167 88 888 888 © (68 888 889) 88 888 888%88 888 890 . The figure shows ABCD as a trapezium in which AB = (5x + 6) cm, DC = 3x cm and the height between the parallel lines is (4x — 3) cm. Show that the area of the trapezium can be expressed as (16x? - 9) em*, D 3x c A Ser 8Efrcie|/ () £- 304 2y-6y (@) bry 4x- 2543 a 1. Factorise each of the following. (a) 8x +2 (h) 2ac + be - 2bd - 4aad (b) 4x-20 () xz -3x-3y + yz ©) 2+ 6x @) 3be - bd + 6ac - 2ad @) © torise each of the followi © 3. Fact ae eh ® (a) 1+ p+ 09+ pq (h) 14xy 49) (b) p°q - par - 2pr + 27 © 30° + 6ab* + 3abc* (©) 49x? ~ Tx + Tax—a @) 10x + 1Sxy + 20x2 (d) 3p* + 6pq - 4pr - 8qr © 4a‘ + 6a'+ 2a? + 3a 2, Factorise each of the following. () xy - Sry - Sry +5° (a) x+ay42y42)" @) Sa - (2b — 30) (b) 7+ 3xy 4 24+ by (hy 4x 2xfa+ 5) (©) 2ps + 2g5 + gt + pt @ m+ mQm-1) (@) 3sp + 35q + ap + 2tq @_pldm — n) - 2pm + 2n) © xtytyty Factorisation Using Algebraic Identities in this chapter, we found that (1) a? + 2ab +B’ =(a + bP, (2) a - 2ab +b = (a— by, and (3) a -H =(a + bla-b), taxbpedet (a + by’ and (a ~ by are called perfect Squares ay —ppea | d (a difference of two squares. These identities are useful inh factorise certain expressions, is called the lping us to t e ‘New Syllabus Mathematics 2 ae m cele I a*Ghample 13 Evaluate the following by factorisation: (a) 79 x83 ~69 x83, (b) 103° -9. setts (03? - 3? 103 + 3)(103 - 3) 106 x 100 10 600 a 1. Factorise each of the following completely. 3. _Factorise each of the following compet (@) 248x416 (@) x-4 (b) P+ 444 (b) x - 16 (©) a’ +6a+9 © K-81 (d) 2° 44x42 (a) 25a*— 64 (©) 32+ 12x412 (©) 36x’ - 49 47+ 32464 ©) 81 - 16x" (@) ¥-6x+9 (g) 64-90" (h) 7 - 8x +16 (h) - 4h? +81 @ #-4he4 @ 2-18 @ 2 -4x4+2 @ 37-147 2. Factorise each of the following completely. 4 Factorise each of the following complet! (@) 2+ 2y+y @) e-k (b) 2 + 6xy + 997 (b) x 16)" (©) 162+ &xy + y? (©) 4c? - 25° (A) 9a? + 24ab + 1667 7 - a (©) 4x7 + Bxy+ 4y* eae aes 8 ato cS = 42yz +9; (8) 3x’ — 27) (g) 4997 - 42yz + 927 Gia? Lr @ #- 7h New Swlahus Marhemaricr 3following} S, Evaluate the following by factorisaton, @) 9-40) (©) 395x47-47x 385, 0 849474 Foctorise each of the following completely @ e-—+1F () ds 27 © (a+3y-9 (@) 16-250 37 © desta (9 36-25(a4 17 () 1-250 ty 490-4 57 @ ray W250 -- IF 6 Evaluate the following without using a caeulatr, (a) 36490 4.3651 0) 516x564 5.1644 we ae Factorisation of Quadratic Expressions ‘The general form ofa quadratic expression isa + hx +c where, band ae rel mumbes and a #0 ‘Tae expression as thre terms: the term in isthe erin. br andthe eta ter CCnsier the quadratic expression + Sx + 6.To fairs a quadratic expression so expres ita 8 duct of wo fats, where each factor snot egal 101 Method 1 We can represent + Se + 6by the area ofthe following square an etangul ties: ) (| 4600 pw | ooo vei | aa area Se oS Con you aeange ll these ils to forma etn?1. Factoris @) V+ eres (b) 4 aye2 (©) m+ 9m 48 (@) b+ 11b + 28 (e) xe —1ix + 24 W ec -4e44 (@) m?~9m +20 (h) Pee 2 @ a@-oa+14 @ a+2a-8 (a) 2+ 11412 (b) 3a° + 10a +7 (©) 4a°~ 7043 (d) Sp*- 13p +6 (©) 6a? + 19a - 20 ( Sp+7p-6 (8) 6p*- 7-20 (h) 4a*-7a +3 (i) 4m? + 8m 43 @) 6p? + 7p -20 Yom Saber Mashonaland each of the following expressions: Factorise each of the following. a tierce] "/ 3. 4, Re Factorise each ofthe following (a) 4° —4x-8 (b) 30° + 15x 418 (ce) 4x°+ 10x44 (d) 6x7 + 15x - 36 (©) 8+ 4-60 () 12° + 10x42 (g) 18x* - 39x +18 (h) 120° + 10x - 12 @ 4° - 226 +24 @ 35x + 55x- 30 Factorise the following expressions where possible: (a) 6a°b* -19ab ~ 20 (b) 6x'y? + Sry —6 © Sp*q?-Ipq-6 (@) 6x29? — 7xy - 20 ©) 16+ 8y 4x3 © 25— 10nk + Ae (@) 7k ~15 + 2H (h) 3 ~8mn + amin? © 12p°q? ~ 40 + 14pq @ 13hk +64 sa1, Solve the following equations. (a) xx -9) =0 (b) aa +7) =0 (© 2Kk-5)= @) 5y2Q¥+D (©) 3h5 4h) (© 3m(7 + 4m @ +243) dh) (e+ 5)ex-7 @ &-4k+ 1) =0 @ (n-4{n-%=0 2. Solve the following equations. (a) °+9x=0 (b) F-7k=0 (©) 2x + 8x (d) Sx + 25x =0 (e) 3X -4x=0 () 3d-81d?=0 (g) 4a’ - 16a =0 (h) 5x°- 15x =0 @ I’ 42h 3. Solve the following equations. (a) B-16=0 (b) 4? 25 =0 © 64-a=0 @ ©) Uy) (@) ——__ spunsion and Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Biicie)s/ Solve the following equations. (a) e*- 16e + 64 =0 (b) d? + 6d-27= (©) a+ 12a +36=0 (d) g° +74 = 60 (e) B= 7b - 120=0 (1 +3a= 100° (g) -2k=63 (h) 3p?- 10p + (i) Qn? + Sm-3 If x = 3 is a solution of the equation x? + kx + 15 =0, find the value of k. Hence find the other solution of the equation. If x = 5 is a solution of the equation x? — hx + 10 = 0, find the value of h. Hence find the other solution of the equation. If x = 3 is a solution of the equation x +¢=0, find the value of c. Hence find the other solution of the equation.1, Find the whole number such that four times, the number subtracted from three times the square of the number makes 15. 2. Find the whole number such that twice its square added to itself makes 10. 3. Find two consecutive positive numbers such that the sum of their squares is equal to 113. 4. Find two consecutive positive odd numbers such that the sum of their squares is 74. 5. Find two consecutive po: such that the sum of their squares is 164, 6. The difference between two numbers is 9 and the product of the numbers is 162. Find the two numbers. 7. A rectangular field, 70 m long and SO m wide, has a path of uniform width around it. If the area of the path is 1024 m*, find the width of the path. 8. The base and height of a triangle are (x + 3) cm and (2x ~ 5) em respectively. If the area of the triangle is 20 cm’, find x. ik 9, The difference between 10 rig, the square of the smaller num 4, times the larger number, find the yyy 10, The length ofa rectangle is Sem long, its width and its area is 66 emp perimeter of the rectangle. Find HL, Two positive numbers differ by 7 andthe sp of their squares is 169. Find the number, 12. Two positive numbers differ by 5 and ie square of their sum is 169, Find the numben 13. A piece of wire 44 cm long is cut into wo parts and each part is bent to form a squir. If the total area of the two squares is 65 en find the perimeter of the two squares. 14. A particle is projected from ground level # that its height above the ground after seconds is given by 20r ~ 57° m. After how man) seconds is it 15 m above the ground? Can" explain briefly why there are two possible answers?ore] 1. Expand the following expressions: (u) (2a + 3b)3a + 4b) {b) (3a - 5b\4a ~ by fe) (Sx + 2y)(a - 3y) (a) (Tx - 4y)(x + 3y) 2. Factorise the following: (a) 4x —8(y - 22) (b) Sa? + 10a(b +c) (c) (x + ya +b) -(y + a+b) (d) (2x +y)° - 32 +y) (©) Qa 3p + q) + (ap +) (f) Sim ~ 2n) ~ (m - 2n}? (@) ax + by ~ay- bx (h) x? - 2xy +32 - (i) 3a! ~ 2a? + 3a- 2 G) eB +xer-4x-4 3. Factorise the following completely: (a) P+ 5x 425 (b) y+ 14y +49 (e) 122+ 18 Expressions (e) a’ — 12a +36 () 30-6643 + (g) 6p'- 24g" ¥(h) 2p'- 18p'q" a) x'y ary! +#G) 32xy*- 20 + (k) 64a! — 46" 4. Factorise the following: (a) v4 13x +36 20a + 19 © (a) +(e) wo + (g) 1+ 12y + 36x (hy 49 - 4a +i) 90x 5. Solve the following equations: (a) 12x-20=8 (b) 11x = 26x + 21 (c) 12x49 =5x (d) 2e -11r+5=0 © © (g) () @ @ 6. Solve the equation 9x)" - 12xy + 4 = 0, giving y in terms of x | Tr OXFORDm2 aE 7. The length and breadth of a rectan; je are (Se + 3) em and (3x — 2) em, Write down in terms of x, (a) the perimeter, (b) the area. If the area of the rectangle is 230 em Value of x and hence write down the perimeter of the rectangle, 8. A man walks for x hours at a speed of (x + 1) kmh and cycles for (x = 1) hours at a speed of (2x + 5) knvh. If the total distance travelled is 90 km, find x. 9. Aman isc’ years old while his son is.x years old. In 4x years time, the man will be twice as old as his son. Form an equation and solve it to find the value of x. 10. x is a number such that when (x + 1)? is divided by (x ~ 2), the quotient is 16 and the remainder is (x — 3). What are the values: of x? 11. If each pupil in a class sends a New Year greeting card to every classmate, the total number of cards sent out will be 870. Find the number of pupils in the class. 12. A cyclist travels 40 km from P to Q at an average speed of x knvh. (a) Write down, in terms of x, the time taken to travel from P to Q. (b) On the return journey from Q to P, the cyclist decreases his average speed by 3 knvh. Find the time taken for the return journey in terms of x. « (c) The difference between the time taken in (a) and (b) is 40 minutes. (Write down an equation in x and show that it reduces to x° ~ 3x~ 180 =0. { % — ' Ren Seflaubus Mathematics 2 | =. (id) Solve this equation to taken to travel from po Wl Prog My 13. The cost of hiring a bus for and this was to be shared atta, On the day of the excursion, 4.2 Pp, unable to make it, The remaining le og, to share the cost of hiring the bys mo? that each person had to pay an nas Form an equation in x and solve j q amount that each person had to pay Orgy, 14. Mr Chan drove from his home to his an average speed of x km/h, The a 7 between his home and his office is 80g (@) Write down an expression, int for the number of hours he t from his home to his office. ems, (0K to diy (b) When he drove from his office tohishon, his average speed was 5 km/h faster tx his speed when he drove from his home his office, Write down an expression, in terms os, for (@ his speed when he drove from i office to his home, (ii) the number of hours he took tote from his office to his home. * (¢) Given that Mr Chen took 15 minutes! es to drive from his office to his home from his home to his office, form # equation in x and show that it simpllis® x + 5x—1600=0 a4 Sr 1002 (@ Solve the equation ee giving both answers correc significant figures. i (©) Calculate, correct to the MeO at the time he spent on driving f to his office.{4} A (PPC PE) P(e) A ING x 4) ° ate! Senin a mulae ag ioe yulati (oye)| 15 23's a 2 * Gabe 1 Skyy Ka = by 2 1Sxy? *9. 2%a- by Bamb +0) x11. #12. S654 6)— ery Qe~ 24? xis, Son 2dy Ge-3ay) x17, StTe+10 * Fase Ox ab ~ a0 + be *19, Os ab — ac be New Slabs Mathemaics 2 2c - ded we Bet 4d *6 Ger eay ba + 6 & ac + Bbc a+ 45 10. be + Jac 29, 2am ~ an ~ mn m9 +2. iat1 Bice) ving your answers in the simplest forms. al Simplify the following, g 1, x 48 2 8ab?o Sab aX 4 Omin 21m? 12x’ oo 5 img? * Tom? 6 So * isa ath) 2d 5a % jaa" ar & 3v 4y 64x : 10. 29 + 55 * joor'y 1p, Wate, dabe Mad* 3ab? Gad ~The Further Examples on Simplification of Algebraic Fractions *Gample 5 , ” 4a-16 8 Simplify (a) Ty * Sax3b *(6) speis ret me mx’ +2mx+1 4a-16 | _ 8 @) Geb * 3a+56 +) = Ma-4) , Sta+b) 2 oeean Simplify the following fractions: Math) y 2a-2b a-b 8a+8b 1 h-2k | 4h-8k 16 24 6x?y 4xy? 8x—-16y 12x—-24y 1 ed+d dbc+ 4c? ic b-2c 367-4) 6p? x 9p" 4b+8 C rsd OG, \ * 13. yee a+ 2ab ab +8. (@ 4b) = * 10.=i " ier 1 Express the following as fractions with a single denominator: ee! 4 x Lg Sag 4 oe yee sy s 9, 2432 arn 2xta far tia oe to, 2, _4 Ae-f) Hf-e) 4c We i. yp, #¢1 042 2a-8 12-30 13. ate 14, *15. 19) ‘wr Most games that involve skill require the usage of ‘mathematics and logical manipulation. The following is a simple ‘game tha requires mental skill and dexterity, 50 prepare yourself This game requires 2 layers ont There are two piles of toothpicks, known simply as pile A and pile B. The rules ofthe game are (1) Each player is to remove 1 oF more or all ‘the oothpicks from either pile A or pile B. (2) The losers the player who takes the toothpick. last Students should pair up ‘and play the game a few times before coming up with a winning strategy Students can start off with ‘table as shown below. rie” Ve Berg AB 1 tga ¢ i |e Wih this, you may be able tocome up witha winning strate:=a @ yg ath yo + Ss | oo 2 dest” rei) | © x45) xt @ ys * axel 4 2x *@ =x 7,4 3x-5 (3x-5) e) ie an A -—5_ 3. Express the following as a fraction with a single 0 2e-7 denominator. | 3 | ay 1-3 Ae or * ab i = 2a+1 6a i (hy ©) W2a+27 a3 i | 3x Z © c + i +0) Ge7 Sed 2x=3y * 2x43y \ + | o the? *@ sae | = i i] * | © m-4 m m-3 2. Simplify each of the following. (Mad, Smeets _ 3a m+ Qm-1 *@ 3 +h) Maniptlaion and Formulaei" Bifsrcise/se/ the followin, ions: 1. Solve 1g equations: 2. Solve the following equations: | | f= Problem Solving Involving ~ Algebraic Fractions Problems involving algebraic fractions may be solved using the various problem solving heuristics we I earlier, Let’s look at the following problem. Grampie 14 Mrs Li bought some oranges. She gave £ of them 10 her sister, + of the "mainder to her neighbour, 2 3 of those ps to her children and had 6 left in thee "nd. How many oranges did Mrs Li buy? bmrime taken by Mr Tan = 28° oye, When te speed = (x + 10) kmh, the time taken = ae a ee 20x +10)~ 240% 1 ie Jae = x(x + 10) a x(x + 10) = 3(2 400) x + 10x-7200 =0 (x- 80) (x +90) =0 5280 oF ¥=-90 (not appiabiy Thus, the original speed of Mr Tan is 80 knvh 1, When 25 is added to a number and the result is halved, the answer is 3 times the original number. What is the number? . When 18 is added to + of a number, the result is 24 times the original number. What is the number? ‘A number, when added to 5, gives the same result as when 2 of it is subtracted from 6, What is the number? . 5 is subtracted from 4 times a number and the result is then doubled. If the answer is 6, what is the original number? re Alsebraic Maniplutation and Formulae 0 Bbsfrciee |) cc 5. When a number is added to 4, the result is equal to subtracting 10 from three times of it. What is the number? How can the number 39 be divided into two arts in order that the sum of i of one part and 3 of the other part is 28? 7. Meiling and Meimei divide $69 into 2 shares. 3 of Meiling’s share is equal to 2 of Meimei's share. How much does each get?f 8 A mother is 21 years older than her new bom daughter. How old will the daughter be when her age is 1 that of her mother's? that of Peter's. Two years 0 Mary's age was | of what Peter's age 9. Mary's age is Will be in S years" time. How old is Peter now? 10. A half of what John’s age was 4 years ago is equal to one third of what it will be in 5 years" time. How old is John now? 11. If a piece of wood is 5 cm longer than a second piece, and 3 of the second piece is equal to 2 of the frst, what is the length of the second piece? 12. A man walked for some distance at 8 knv/h, and for an equal distance at 5 knv/h. The total 1 time he took was distance he walked. * hours. Find the total 13. A man cycled for some time at 16 km/h and Tetumed at 15 km/h. The total time taken was 73 hours. Find the total distance he cycled. 14. A cyclist goes from one village to another at 28 knv/h. He returns at 24 kmv/h. If the return Journey takes two hours longer than the ‘outward journey, what is the distance between the villages? 15. A boy has a certain number of sweets. If he eats 16 a day, they will last him 2 days longer than if he eats 18 a day. How many sweets has he? 16. A certain number of matches are needed to fill 24 boxes, with each box containing the same number of matches. When 4 less matches are put into each box, there are enough for 28 boxes. Find the total number of matches. a Wow Syllabus Mathematics 2 ~ 17, Mr Ong makes regular busing, Kuala Lumpur, a distance of 420, Singapore. (a) On his way up to Kua travels along the trunk Toad at * speed of km/h, Write an expression, in terms of x, fay gn” & taken. in hours, to travel from sine to Kuala Lumpur, 2 (©) On his return joumey t0 Sing travels along the North South Hive and increases the average speed 15 km/h. Write down an expresey terms of x, forthe time taken, ee to twavel from Kuala Lumper s Singapore. (©) If the time difference between they journeys is 40 minutes, form an quan in x and show that it reduce + 15x - 9450 = 0. (@) Solve the equation and find the tne ie for the trip from Singapore to Kuss Lumpur. 18. Mr Kumar lives in the eastern pant of Singapore. He visits his aged parents, who lives 36 km away, every weekend. He finds that if he increases the average speed of his vehicle by 12 km/h, he could sat 9 minutes of his travelling time. Find th speed at which he travels before the increas in speed. 19. A man sold x similar books for $132. Ifte had sold (x - 1) books but charges SI mot for each book, he would have received same amount of money. Find the value of 20. Adam works par time ata fast food st that pays $x per hour, while Jenny works? sales assistant in a boutique that pays St"*” Per hour. Adam works 8 hours more pe than Jenny and they each eam $192 Find the value of x and the number of that Adam works in a week(a) ax=y 0) ap-4)=9 ( axtbyac @ pla+b=e (©) 2a-3m=4a-7 () 5b-2a= 3c ® Stbac x= sz @ Baap @ R=m(a+g) Make a the subject of the given formulae: W Blifercee/ 7 the formulae: (@) p=2l+b) (b) A= 2m(r +h) © a(c-3)=be @atba% © 2. Make the letter in the brackets the subject of | (h) 2 + gel the given formulae: (@ A= ton 2 r= 2 @ fovu mee @ 3¢= 242! 3 ® © 3. Make the letter in the brackets the subject of Oo (h) © (@) ® (b) (b) @ (@) @® & 0)one the subject ofthe formula for each of rt he following: 2. Make the letter in the brackets the subject of the given formula: @) ax far (b) 0) (r+yJ'ax o © re2w'ee (wv) @ (b) _[& fe) raf ae @) "“ Moiltaron end Formula a Biercise } 4 J ) a) (@) (g) (h) (b) (h) 2ps'=3qs'+ 5p (3) 3. Make the letter in the brackets the subject of the formulae: (a) Pee. (p) ica (b) Tmaone (a) tc) wr (d) @) pe te @) © © @ (@ p-a-78 ” ty 2 = Sos @ OXxFoRD7. Given that A = Pd of (a) A when r=7.4= 1S and a3, (b hwhen A = 15400, r= had vf 7 Mite '4 ang x. 2, Given that Jax*—b =c. find the value(s) of Fly when a=2,b=7andc=5. icity wath tas 8 Given that +3 ind te of 3. Given that ax/b'—c =5k, find the value of (a) Vwwhen = 3.142, R= 12,424 (a) kwhena=3,b=6and n= 14, ; (6) when a=4,b=7 and (b) fh when = 3.142, R= 8, p25 elt v= 3800, (©) Rwhen *= 3.142,h= 17,72 4. Given that a= find the value(s) of v=3500, (a) awhenb=7andc=2, (@) rwhen 7 = 3.142, R= 11,4269 (b) ¢ when b =9 anda =4. V= 4600. 9. Given that y = 3x + ¥fa+6° , find the vabe! 20, find the value(s) of 5. Given that a + a4 of eee ee (a) y when x= 3.8,a= 13 andb= 15, Oe eae (b) a when x= 8.5, 6 = 13 andy=35 (©) bwhen y = 56,.x= 15.6anda=2 6. Giventhat "an find the value (6) of (a) pwhenm=5,n=7,x=4 and y=-2, (b) nwhen p=9, m= 14,x=2and y =3, (©) y when p=15,n=4,x=42 and m=5. _ oe Hew Syllabus Mathematics 2a 1, Express each of the following as a single fraction in its simplest form, © (d@) 4 (e) oy (g) 3x+= ~ occ. 2, Solve the following equations (©) (dd) 5 (} (k) @ . Make the letter in the brackets the subj! the formulae: l- @ xe ) () a= it 0) © c= = (a) (@) x= 242k (@ @a=p+Z w © keane UB Ww re——— 4, What is the number which when multiplied by 2.and added to 8 gives the same when it is divided by 2 it? result as. nd has 32 added to 5, When a number is divided by 4 and has 28 added 10 it, the result is equal to tw ce the number. Find the number. 6, The difference between the reciprocal of two consecutive positive even numbers is Find the two numbers, n 7. One number is 3 times as large as the other and the difference between their reciprocals. is . Find the two numbers ag [ath at r=! 8 Given that V0 - express a in terms of b, rand 7 a tetst be d and d. - express b in terms of a, ¢ 10, The square of x is equal to the square root of y. Express y in terms of x 1. A bus travels at 36 kmh and arrives at its destination half an hour late. If it travels atd2 knvh, it arrives at the same destination half an hour earlier. Find the journey’s distance. 12. A motorist does the first part of his journe atan average speed of S4 km/h, He then increases his speed to 60 km/h for the rest of the journey, If he travels 225 km in 4 hours, what is the distance travelled for the first pant of his journey? 13, Mrs Lim buys 30 kg of cheese at a certain price. She finds that if she had bought some cheaper cheese costing 95 cents less per kg. she could have had 32/kg for the same WwW 1 is the price per ke of the cheese which is more expensive? amount of money on and Formulae 14, SM is just sufficient to pay for the wages of ‘one qualified teacher for x days or the wages of one relief teacher for y days. For how many days will SM be just sufficient to pay for the wages of one qualified teacher and ne relief teacher? Give your answer in terms of wand y 15. A man had a of sweets. He gave his son fone sweet and + of the remaining sweets From what w left, he gave his daughter two sweets and + of the remainder, The two children found that they had the same number of sweets, How many sweets were there initially in the bag? 16, A man travels by a car from Town A to Town B, a total distance of 100 km, at an average speed of x knvh. He finds that the time for the journey would be shorter by 25 minutes if he increased his average speed by 12 km/h. Find 17. The exchange rate for Australian dollar in January 2000 was AUSIO0 = SSx. In June 2000, the exchange rate had become AUS100 = S$(x ~ 5). Mr Chong found that he could get an extra AUS32 for every $8672 that he exchanged in June compared to January Form an equation in x and solve 18. The price of petrol in Singapore was cents per litre in December 1999. In April 2000 the price had increased by 12 cents per litre (a) How many litres of petrol could be bought with $58 in December 19997 (b) How many litres of petrol could be bought with $58 in April 2000? (c) If the difference in the number of litres of petrol bought in December 1999 and April 2000 is an form an equation in x and show that it reduces to x + 12-14 848 (d) Solve the equation in (c) and use it to find the number of litres of petrol that could be bought with $34 in December 1999, givir your answer correct to 1 decimal place. OXFORD