SQL Subqueries

SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries
queries embedded in a query
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries

queries embedded in a query

 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries = inner queries

queries embedded in a query

 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries = inner queries = nested queries

queries embedded in a query

 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries = inner queries = nested queries

queries embedded in a query

- they are part of another query, called an outer query

 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries = inner queries = nested queries = inner select

queries embedded in a query

- they are part of another query, called an outer query

 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries = inner queries = nested queries = inner select

queries embedded in a query

- they are part of another query, called an outer query

= outer select
SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

_dup
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

subqueries
- a subquery should always be placed within parentheses
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE
1) the SQL engine starts by running the inner query
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE
1) the SQL engine starts by running the inner query

2) then it uses its returned output, which is intermediate, to execute

the outer query
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

a subquery may return a single value (a scalar), a single row, a

single column, or an entire table
SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

_dup
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

a subquery may return a single value (a scalar), a single row, a

single column, or an entire table
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

a subquery may return a single value (a scalar), a single row, a

single column, or an entire table

- you can have a lot more than one subquery in your outer query
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

a subquery may return a single value (a scalar), a single row, a

single column, or an entire table

- you can have a lot more than one subquery in your outer query
- it is possible to nest inner queries within other inner queries
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

a subquery may return a single value (a scalar), a single row, a

single column, or an entire table

- you can have a lot more than one subquery in your outer query
- it is possible to nest inner queries within other inner queries

in that case, the SQL engine would execute the innermost query
first
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

a subquery may return a single value (a scalar), a single row, a

single column, or an entire table

- you can have a lot more than one subquery in your outer query
- it is possible to nest inner queries within other inner queries

in that case, the SQL engine would execute the innermost query
first, and then each subsequent query
 SQL Subqueries with IN Nested Inside WHERE

a subquery may return a single value (a scalar), a single row, a

single column, or an entire table

- you can have a lot more than one subquery in your outer query
- it is possible to nest inner queries within other inner queries

in that case, the SQL engine would execute the innermost query
first, and then each subsequent query, until it runs the outermost
query last
SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS
Nested Inside WHERE
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

- this check is conducted row by row

 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

- this check is conducted row by row

- it returns a Boolean value

 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

- this check is conducted row by row

- it returns a Boolean value

 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

- this check is conducted row by row

- it returns a Boolean value

if a row value of a subquery exists

 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

- this check is conducted row by row

- it returns a Boolean value

if a row value of a subquery exists TRUE

 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

- this check is conducted row by row

- it returns a Boolean value

the corresponding record of

if a row value of a subquery exists TRUE the outer query is extracted
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

- this check is conducted row by row

- it returns a Boolean value

the corresponding record of

if a row value of a subquery exists TRUE the outer query is extracted

if a row value of a subquery

doesn’t exist
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

- this check is conducted row by row

- it returns a Boolean value

the corresponding record of

if a row value of a subquery exists TRUE the outer query is extracted

if a row value of a subquery

doesn’t exist FALSE
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
EXISTS

checks whether certain row values are found within a subquery

- this check is conducted row by row

- it returns a Boolean value

the corresponding record of

if a row value of a subquery exists TRUE the outer query is extracted

if a row value of a subquery no row value from the outer

doesn’t exist FALSE query is extracted
SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE

EXISTS
SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE

EXISTS IN
SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE

EXISTS IN

tests row values

for existence
SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE

EXISTS IN

tests row values searches among

for existence values
SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE

EXISTS IN

tests row values searches among

for existence values

quicker in retrieving
large amounts of data
SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE

EXISTS IN

tests row values searches among

for existence values

quicker in retrieving faster with

large amounts of data smaller datasets
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
ORDER BY (nested queries)
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
ORDER BY (nested queries)
it is more professional to apply ORDER BY in the outer query
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
ORDER BY (nested queries)
it is more professional to apply ORDER BY in the outer query

- it is more acceptable logically to sort the final version of your dataset

 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
some, though not all, nested queries can be rewritten using joins, which
are more efficient in general
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
some, though not all, nested queries can be rewritten using joins, which
are more efficient in general

this is true particularly for inner queries using the WHERE clause
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
subqueries:
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
subqueries:
- allow for better structuring of the outer query
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
subqueries:
- allow for better structuring of the outer query
- thus, each inner query can be thought of in isolation
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
subqueries:
- allow for better structuring of the outer query
- thus, each inner query can be thought of in isolation
- hence the name of SQL – Structured Query Language!
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
subqueries:
- allow for better structuring of the outer query
- thus, each inner query can be thought of in isolation
- hence the name of SQL – Structured Query Language!

- in some situations, the use of subqueries is much more intuitive

compared to the use of complex joins and unions
 SQL Subqueries with EXISTS-NOT EXISTS Nested
Inside WHERE
subqueries:
- allow for better structuring of the outer query
- thus, each inner query can be thought of in isolation
- hence the name of SQL – Structured Query Language!

- in some situations, the use of subqueries is much more intuitive

compared to the use of complex joins and unions

- many users prefer subqueries simply because they offer enhanced code
readability
SQL Subqueries Nested in SELECT and FROM
SQL Subqueries Nested in SELECT and FROM

You have advanced with SQL a lot at this point!

SQL Subqueries Nested in SELECT and FROM

You have advanced with SQL a lot at this point!

SQL Subqueries Nested in SELECT and FROM

In this lecture:
SQL Subqueries Nested in SELECT and FROM

In this lecture:

challenging
task
SQL Subqueries Nested in SELECT and FROM

In this lecture:

challenging
task
SQL Subqueries Nested in SELECT and FROM

In this lecture:

challenging exercise
task