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THLj ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW v/
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THE APXHITECTURALT BATES fc GUILD COMPANY

REVIEW ^MASTEP.S IN
ART+^ VAPJOUS BOOKS PUBLISHERS- 144 Congress street
BOSTON Massachusetts

DEPARTMENT
a rule, American designers are more J. Pickering Putnam, an architect expert in The desire to betted devoti«^;i^] architecture
AS fortunate in designing dwellings along practical provisions of health, in plumbing in America by inspiration, study, and com-
L Georgian or Colonial precedents than regulation and sanitation, in order to compre- parison with the best of contemporary stand-
when they go further afield into the early hensively treat this subject and place it ards caused The Archto;ctural Review
English Elizabethan or Baronial periods. The clearly and definitely before our readers. We to undertake the series of Modern English
American architect is also as a rule happier in urge our subscribers to give themselves the Churches, with the results that our sub-
domestic brickwork than when he undertakes benefit of a close study of this article. scribers have seen during the last two years.
to make formal use of stone as a material. The February added plates will continue Following a similar^ desire, came the added
The publishers of The Architectural Re- the American series already inaugurated, and plates of English Country 'Houses —
and this
view therefore consider themselves fortunate include further English Country Houses. series, too, we hope to complete within the
in inaugurating the year 1914 with a number year to come.
entirely given to so dignified, consistent, and For more than a year have we been gather-
refined an American dwelling, along lines es-
tablished by English Gothic feeling, as the
DURING
view
19 14
will
The Architectural Re-
maintain the same high
ing American houses, churches, and public
buildings for the series of American work an-
country house on Long Island that Trow- standards of selection and reproduc- nounced to follow the completion of these
bridge & Ackerman have recently completed. tion that the magazine has attained during English portfolios —
and already have we
Within our recollection we do not find another the year just past. As always, it is impossible published some few preliminary designs in all
as restrained and distinctive dwelling in this to forecast the regular plate illustrations of these groups. This year will see very definite
style or material in North America. Therefore American work to appear in the monthly progress in these departments; and from ma-
is the house not only distinguished of itself, issues. We can, however, promise our sub- terial in hand we promise some unusually
but it is distinguished for its modesty and re- scribers the photographic illustration of a good work from architects but little known,
straint— traits that are carried, with equal most unusual dwelling recently completed and from some localities as yet hardly on
consistency, throughout the architectural near Boston —
a dwelling as unusual, in its the "architectural map" of America!
handling of the interior and the furnishing way, as the Trowbridge & Ackerman House So much dissatisfaction has been aroused in
of the dwelling; until it assumes, within and on Long Island; the working drawings of the subscribers of architectural magazines by the
without, nearly the ideal character for the new buildings for the Massachusetts Institute ceaseless repetition and waste of valuable
dwelling of a gentleman's family, of refined an- of Technology, some rendered drawings and space in the duplication of identical views of
tecedents, and desirous of maintaining a Hfe studies of which we have already recently pub- the same architectural subjects, that The
of some seclusion and comfort in the midst of lished besides the plans and details of several
; Architectural Review reiterates its policy
a spacious and harmonious environment. small dwellings; a distinctive private garage; of refusal of duplicate work already elsewhere
In all this, both site and architects have co- an American church, different in style and illustrated. This policy it has endeavored to
operated toward a rarely happy result. Not type from anything yet published; and two maintain for several years past, and has so far
only is this house of English treatment ap- modern office-buildings, shown with unusual succeeded that its subscribers have come to
propriate to its setting, but particular atten- completeness and attention to detail. As depend upon 'I^E Review giving them fresh
tion should be directed to the skill with which always, the regular plates will be selected material, not before published in other archi-
the architects have established a scheme that, from the best current work by the best Amer- tectural papers. It is, of course, impossible for
in plan, plane, and contour arrangement, has ican designers. prevent other magazines pirating
its editors to
adapted itself perfectly to grade contours and The publishers can also promise that The important work under arrangement, or process
other local determining conditions. We be- Architectural Review for 1914 will con- of publication. The publication of Messrs.
lieve this house will long remain a classic tain more American work than in the year York & Sawyer's Guaranty Trust Company
among American dwellings, and it should that has passed. The endeavor is always to Building had been arranged with architects
certainly inaugurate an epoch of appreciative publish for our subscribers interesting work and owners months before the building's
prosperity for its designers. of any kind and from any country. We be- completion made it possible to obtain au-
lieve the progress of the artist demands "free thoritative and carefully made photographs
For February we have undertaken to cope trade" and intercourse in all directions, with — and during that period two other archi-
with a practical problem, having solely to do all the arts; as well as a free exchange of ideas tectural magazines published unauthorized
with health conditions in American buildings. with all his contemporaries and rivals. Art in views of the incomplete exterior! Neverthe-
In its importance, both as it refers to the any has never grown under any species of
line less, its final and definite publication centered
health of the American people and the prac- "protection;" although architecture, partic- about the illustrations in our July issue.
tical convenience and development of the ularly, is dependent upon the connoisseur and The publishers of The Review also cannot
American dwelling and office plan; and, finally, patron, as, without his encouragement and prevent other magazines printing matter that
even its effect upon the material prosperity capital, without his orders to fulfil and his has once received complete consideration on
and value of American architecture and real- ambitions to satisfy, the architect would have our pages; but no subscriber to The Review
estate development, we believe the problem little stimulus and no opportunity to develop need hesitate to renew his subscription be-
to be far-reaching in its results. It has so far the best among his latent talents. Where the cause of a fear that from a quarter to half
resisted, but now all the more demands, a sculptor or painter may create his art work the year's plates will be valueless because
successful solution. Believing the architects more or less regardless of his client, and un- — they will duplicate work in other architectural
of America are those who should demand the diverted by him, —
the architect must await magazines —
as has been the case in some no-
changes in legislation needed to bring about the opportunity before he can do more than table instances the past year. We never un-
improved health facilities, and that they dream of realizing his ideals; for the archi- dertake to publish a subject in The Archi-
should therefore be informed as to restrictions tectural drawing is no more the finished build- tectural Review until it can be given an
and interests preventing progress in the di- ing than the written music-text is the opera authorized, adequate, and complete showing;
rections i^ointed, we have placed all our performance, or the printed play-book the and therefore are our illustrations known to
text space in February at the disposal of Mr. same thing as the acted drama. be authentic and authoritative.
VI THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

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 The Architectural Review
Volume III (Old Series. Vol. XX) January, 1914 Number I

A Residence at Glen Cove, Long Island

By Trowbridge & Ackerman, Architects

UPON an eminence
L.
overlooking the vSound at Glen C^ove,
Kes the large property known as the Pratt Estate,
I.,
supreme importance. The [)revailing breezes and the position of
the sun had to be reckoned with, while the varying grades had
owned and occupied in common by seven families, chil- — more to do with the development of the general plan than any
dren and grandchildren of the late Charles M. Pratt. Killen- other condition. Upon the return of Mr. and Mrs. Pratt it was
worth is built upon that portion of the estate which belongs in- possible to agree upon a tentative program, the essentials of
dividually to Mr. George D. Pratt. It commands extensive views which were determined by the owners as a result of fifteen years'
over Long Island Sound to the north, and intimate vistas of occupation of the premises and confirmed by the architects after
charming lawns, rare trees, and first-growth forests to the south their practical experience on the site. It was agreed that:
and east. The house is placed upon the highest point of Mr. 1. The Porch should be at the western end of the house, and

Pratt's property, and is fitted to a ground which in part is sloping. placed so as to allow the prevailing southern breezes to pass
At the western end of this property stands a small hill, upon directly through from side to side.
which a water-tower is placed for supplying aU of the houses and 2. The Living-room should adjoin the Porch. The direction
service buildings of the estate. This tower was built many years of the long axis of this room was not fixed.
ago, at a time when it was not considered an unpardonable sin 3. The Dining-room should be placed relatively in the same
to imitate mediaeval battle- position as that in which
mented architecture in the old dining-room was
shingles. Owing to the placed; i. e., on the north-
nearness of the tower, and east corner of the site, in
its incongruity with any order to gain to the fullest
architectural style suitable the view of Long Island
for Killenworth, there arose Sound, the early morning
at an early date the neces- sun, and the late afternoon
sity of hiding the tower by sun.
planting and other means. 4. The Entrance should
Because of that, and other be at the eastern end,
diflftculties such as the un- toward the public thor-
usual grade conditions, the oughfare, —
Dosoris Lane.
planning of Killenworth This is the side having os-
proved to be a problem of tensibly the least amount
the greatest and most va- of privacy for the family
ried interest. life.

In the summer of 1910 The Gallery appeared in

the owners, having decided the program after the area
to tear down their wooden of the second floor was
house and construct a resi- known and the shape and
dence of enduring mate- direction of the Living-
rials, gave their architects room had been determined.
the unusual privilege of oc- Familiarity with the
cupying the house during slopes or contours is essen-
the month of August while tial to a complete imder-

the family was away. This standing of the problem.

sojourn in midsummer For example, the survey
upon the exact spot where- showed that if the Entrance
on it was proposed to place were to be at the eastern
the new house was of in- end or side of the plan it
calculable value in enabling would become a "base-
the designers to become ment" entrance. The low
intimately acquainted with ground toward the south-
the local governing condi- east suggested the logical
tions. There were charm- point for the Service
ing near-by vistas to be Court, where all supplies
conserved. A superb pano- Photograph by Julian Buckly could be brought to the
Dining-room Bay house at a spot far from
ramic water view toward
Country House at Glen Cove, Long Island
the north was a feature of the living-portion of the
TrowbridSe & Ackeiman, Architects

Copyright, igi4, by The Architectural Review, Inc.

THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

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 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW

plan. The South Terrace, with three sets of steps to the lower been placed east and west, it would have been necessary for the
level, was suggested by the contour survey. Very early in the owners to choose between two ideas; viz., to secure the southern
studies it was deemed advisable to carry this terrace straight to exposure and prevailing breezes on the long side of this room, to
the foot of the hill, and complete it with some form of garden the exclusion of the superb view of the Sound and the Connecti-
architecture which would perform the double duty of finishing cut shore, or to secure the view toward the north and lose the
attractively the terrace and at the same time of masking partially southern exposure. The room as finally placed gains the southern
the water-tower. The Tea House was the outcome of this thought. breezes, the views toward both north and south, and plenty of
The vigorous planting placed behind this structure helps still sunshine from the south and west. The Mu.sic Room is placed
more to screen the tower, while at the same time providing a so that an audience in seasonable weather may have the option
rich background for the Tea House. The top of the tower is seen of indoor or outdoor seats. It will also be observed that the cir-
in the photograph of the Tea House taken from the lower level. culation from house to South Terrace is made easy by means of
Upon the site of the Pool there existed a formal sunken gar- Loggia No. 2, the South Entrance, and the Porch.
den, having its long a.xis practically in the same position as that The basement rooms facing toward the Forecourt have ample
now occupied by the axis of the Pool. The character and size of light, owing to the natural level of the entrance drive. On the
this garden were thought not to be in keeping with the proposed right of the Vestibule are Cloak and Retiring Rooms for guests.
new house, and a change was contemplated in the early studies; On the left are the Kitchen, the Maids' Dining-room, and other
but the placing of the new house was determined by the axis of kitchen accessories. The service wing contains bedrooms on the
this garden, as may be seen by reference to the block plan. level of the first floor, other bedrooms on the basement level, and
It is therefore apparent that the entourage of Terrace, Pool, the Boiler-room, Coal-rooms, Laundry, small Garage, etc., in
Steps, Tea House, Forecourt, etc., were all under consideration the lowest floor, at the level of the Service Court. By placing
in the early stages during the development of the floor plans. the boilers several feet lower than the level of the adjoining
The sketch elevations shown herewith were made at a scale of rooms, the supply and return pipes are carried in a tunnel lying
one-sixteenth of an inch to the foot many weeks before the final below the basement through the otherwise unexcavated
floor,
one-eighth inch preliminary studies were accepted by the owners. portion of the house. In this way was avoided the usual jumble
Excepting in minor details, the house was built as indicated in of overhead pipes, which are a necessary evil in the average resi-
these small sketches. dence. The basement floor contains many other rooms, such as
We have seen how the grade levels governed the front door, Kitchen Workrooms, Vegetable Storerooms, Refrigeration Plant,
the Service Court, and the South Terrace; and how the Porch, Vacuum Cleaner, Elevator Machinery, Gas Machine, and a large
the Living-room, the Dining-room, and the Entrance were all number of the necessary but ugly fresh-air ducts for indirect
mentally placed in position before drawings were made. A brief heating. The principal rooms of the first floor are heated by in-
study of the plan of the main floor will show that the Gallery direct coils with thermostatic regulation. The second floor has
entered the problem as soon as it was decided to place the Living- direct radiators enclosed behind grilles.
room with its long axis pointing north and south. Had this room The owners expressed a preference for a simple type of English

Plan of First Floor

Trowbridge & Ackerman, Architects
 THE. ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW

soar// £l.^r/oj^

admirably lend itself to an irregular plan

and to a picturesque rather than formal
exterior. Then, too, England shows in
many noted examples how it is possible to
develop an interesting interior without a
monotonous repetition in one period. Thus
that Killenworth, designed in the spirit
it is

of oldEngland but not imitative to the let-

ter, contains Jacobean details in some
rooms, Georgian in others, and Adam in
others.
The Living-room details were inspired
from Jacobean examples, but a modern
flavor was imparted by the use of butter-
nut toned a soft, dull brown. The unpan-
eled portions of the walls are covered with
a fabric showing a repeated pattern of
Reception-room Plan, Half Ceiling, Half Floor medium size in dull" browns and blues,
chosen to harmonize with the butternut.
architecture of an early period. Many e.xamples were studied in The chimneypiece is in carved Hauteville marble. In the win-
an effort to find an architecture of simple lines which would com- dows of this room, as well as in the Dining-room, the Staircase
bine in a logical manner the fine traditions of old England with bay window, the Morning Room, and the Study, are shown small
the modem development of house-planning as influenced by the and large cartouches of stained and painted glass, leaded into
complexities of housekeeping of to-day and the rigorous climate the windows. These, for the most part, were collected by the
of Long Island. Early Renaissance as illustrated by St. Cather- owner in Europe, with particular reference to Killenworth. Many
ine's in Somerset was finally selected as a style which would of them are rare examples of the art of painting on glass, showing
exquisite workmanship and beautiful
colors. They lend a charm to the
rooms in which they stand and serve
to recall, in a manner suggestive rather
than imitative, a custom frequently
followed in the decorations of old
English homes. On the floor of the
^-^ Living-room, as well as throughout
the entire master's portion of the
house, soft Scotch rugs have been
woven to order to fit the shapes of the
rooms. These rugs are in dull tones,
without pattern, and are used gener-
ally to the exclusion of Oriental rugs.
The electric fixtures for the house
£ajit '£/ei'aiioa were designed by Caldwell with spe-

Jot/th - IC7ei/htion

Preliminary One-sixteenth Inch Scale Studies

 THL ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW

cial reference to the

general character of
each room, and the
predetermined color-
scheme. Thus the
crystal pendants in
the large ceiling-fix-
tures in the Living-
room have a faint
mulberry tint, har-
monizing with the
color of the rug with-
out matching it in ^»^f >/&it £l£yf)r/o//
^ '^'^'"^
color value.
In the Gallery and Staircase the carved oak
was studied from Early English carving, to se-
cure the spirit rather than the letter of the old
work. For example, the panels in the Gallery,
while Jacobean in type, were detailed to be in
scale with the general proportions of the room,
instead of being hterally copied from old exam-
ples. All of the rooms were designed and de-
tailed by the architects, with the exception of the
Music Room, which was executed under a sepa-
rate contract by an English decorator. The
thought uppermost all through the study of
these interiors was to design the plaster cornices,
the wood panels, the pilasters, moldings, and tlonjff
carving, in scale with the surroundings. The Mud/
Morning Room, for instance, has Georgian de-
tails which do not necessarily agree in scale with the Georgian est.The fireplace is equipped with a hob grate of antique type.
details of the principal bedrooms. The Study is a comfortable man's room, with high oak wain-
The Dining-room is paneled in English oak and toned in deep scot and rough plaster on walls and between ceiling-beams.
chestnut brown to harmonize with the furniture. Incidentally, Hunting and fishing scenes in the paintings indicate the leading
the rare old French tapestry which hangs on the south wall is in outdoor pleasures of the owner; and the photographic dark-room,
remarkably satisfying harmony with the woodwork. The ceiling opening from the Study, is expressive of a favorite hobby.
for this room was not specially designed, but is an exact repro- The Music Room has a white painted trim with ornament in
duction of a ceiling now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the Adam period. The doors on the Music Room side are ve-
originally in Sir Paul Pindar's house, Bishopsgate. Here the scale neered in mahogany. The predominating tone of the room is
of moldings and ornament was felt to
be appropriate to the room, and no
reduction or increase in size was
required.
The Georgian Morning Room is in
ivory white, with the wall-surfaces
divided into large panels. In these
panels are hung several very modern
paintings by Frieseke and Miller,
which radiate sunshine and cheerful-
ness. The window-curtains and the
furniture-coverings are in color har-
mony with the pictures and the rug;
while the cabinets on the south wall,
filled with rare china and glass, are of
sentimental as well as aesthetic inter- H'eit'ETey'iittoa.
fii

Preliminary One-sixteenth Inch Scale Studies

 '

THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLV1E.W

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light and cool. On the walls are several fine examples of the homelike —a quality that is, after all, of much greater impor-
English portrait-painters of the eighteenth century. tance than an excellence in technical detail.
The Porch at the western end of the main floor is in cool For the exterior stonework, the seam-faced granite- from
colors. The walls are similar to the exterior in materials and Massachusetts quarries was chosen, as it was felt in color and
treatment. The ceiling, in cool-toned stucco, is built with a large texture to harmonize with Jacobean architecture more than any
cove penetrated by barrel vaults over the arches. The floor is of other available stone. This granite presents a tone-color rarely
heavy, dark-red tiles, twelve inches square. The Porch is en- found in building-stones. This is clue to a peculiarity of the
closed in glass and heated in winter, and enclosed only by screens quarries, where the stone lies in large beds having natural ver-
during the warmer months. tical and horizontal fissures which, strangely, lie approximately
On the second floor the owners' suite comes over the Porch at right angles to each other. These "seam faces" are colored
and the Living-room. It consists of Bedroom, two Bath -Dressing by the seepage of surface-water and by the oxidization of par-
Rooms, and a Boudoir. A long Loggia, or Sleeping-porch, facing ticles of minerals in the stone. The result is a predominating
north, opens directly from the Boudoir — as is shown on the harmony of cool gray — varied and warmed by buff, pink, and
sketch of the north elevation. On the south side, over the Music brown tones. The quarries produce without extra labor two-inch
Room, are arranged one Guest Room, two Family Rooms, and flat slabs which serve admirably for flags in the walks on the
three Baths. In the wing over the Dining-room are four Guest South Terrace. The roof is covered with heavy, unfading green
Rooms, with four Baths. On the eastern side, over Morning slate, laid in graduated courses. Near the eaves and gutters the
Room and Study, are two Family Rooms, with one Bath; while slate is approximately one inch thick, lessening in thickness as
over the Boys' Room comes one Family Bedroom with Bath the exposure to the weather decreases.
near-by. The third floor is largely an open attic. The north elevation does not appear among the photographs.
The bedrooms are generally in the Georgian period, finished Last fall, when these negatives were made, the ground on the
in ivory-white enamel. The floors are covered, as on the first north side was under repair, and there remained to be done the
flo<^)r, with plain, soft-colored rugs having no pattern. The win- setting out of shrubs and trees. The design of the north side
dows are fitted with Venetian blinds and heavy curtains, as well may be seen in one of the preliminary elevation studies shown on
as light sash-curtains. There is an open fireplace in nearly every page 5. The trees and shrubs seen in the illustrations have nearly
bedroom. all been set in place under the direction of Mr. James L. Green-
The working drawings shown herewith are the first studies leaf, Landscape Architect. Vines have been started, but it will
made for the various rooms and for the exterior details. They be years before they will have grown sufliciently to give to the
were among the contract drawings, and served well enough as a house the picturesque charm which vines lend to an architecture
basis of estimate, though the rooms were considerably changed of this kind. It does not require much imagination to visualize
and much improved by the study later given them. In rooms Killenworth as it will appear in a few years, with stonework
where i)aneled walls were intended these diagrammatic elevations softened and mellowed by the patina which only time can bring,
had to be carried .somewhat farther than in the case of simpler and the whole structure brought into intimate relationship with
rooms. The hou.se must not yet be considered completely and sat- its site through the medium of clinging vines judiciously planted.
isfactorily furnished.It is at present in an experimental state. Then will be evident the wisdom and good taste of the owners
Various placings of furniture are being' tried, and the pictures in requesting a simple design with a modicum of ornamental
which are n(nv hung are not necessarily in their final positions. detail.
The owners and their guests have declared the house Uvable and Alexander B. Trowbridge.
 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW

TYPICAL VLTAIL Or CABLE Z-ND AT COFNICC:

TYPICAL EXT E^OR^ DETAILS

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EXTERIOR DETAILS

COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLEN COVE, LONG ISLAND

TROWBRIDGE & ACKERMAN. ARCHITECTS
8 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW

PhoU>f;raph bv Julian bufkl.

STLPi AT LAST LND OF SOUTH TLRRACL

COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLEN COVE, LONG ISLAND

TROWBRIDGE. & ACKE.RMAN, ARCHITE.CT5
 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVIEW

I'hntogi-iil>h Ity Julian Hio kl

VIEW ACROSS LOWER TERRACE AT HEAD OF POOL

COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLEN COVE. LONG ISLAND
TROWBRIDGE & ACKERMAN, ARCHITECTS
10 THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

I'hoiiigraph by Julian liuckiy

GABLt OVLR LIVING-ROOM
COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLEN COVE, LONG ISLAND
TROWBRIDGE. & ACKLRMAN. ARCHITE.CTS
THE ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW 11
12 THE ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW

PHoUjirapk. hj JuUun Burkly

TLA-HOU5L FROM LOWtR TtRRACt
COUNTRY HOU5L AT GLLN COVE, LONG ISLAND
TROWBRIDGt & ACKE.RMAN. ARCHITLCTS
 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW 13

Photograph by Julian Buckly

5TAIRCA5L NE.WEL IN HALL BAY
COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLLN COVE, LONG ISLAND
TROWBRIDGE & ACKtRMAN. ARCHITECTS
14 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW

I'holv^rnph by Julian Buckl

LIVING-ROOM MANTE.L

COUNTRY HOU5L AT GLLN COVL, LONG ISLAND

TROWBRIDGL & ACKLRMAN. ARCHITECTS
 THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 15

Photograph by Julian Buckly

DINING-ROOM MANTLL

COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLLN COVE. LONG ISLAND

TROWBRIDGE & ACKERMAN, ARCHITECTS
16 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW

I'hotn^rafth by Julian Buckly

MANTLL IN STUDY
COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLEN COVE, LONG ISLAND
TROWBRIDGL & ACKLRMAN. ARCHITLCT5
 — !

THL ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW 17

professional policy, in part at least that of The Architectural

The Architectural Review Review. It might be phrased as follows: —
"As to the desirability of competitions we have an opinion —
New Series, Volume III, Number 1
and are not afraid to express it!
Old Series, Volume XX, Number 1 "They are so far undesirable — as a means of 'obtaining
JANUARY, 1914
work' or 'selecting an architect!' — that there exists no possible
excuse for their continuance in being!
"They are unnecessary, in any and every case that can be
conceived; and at present there exists a common custom of
allotting a problem in building directly to an architect after —
first presumably carefully selecting him! —
and then working
itout with him in detail, aided by his judgment and advice;
than which nothing, as yet devised, is better fitted to take thc'r
THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLViLW, Inc. place!"
Henry D. Bates, President Arthur D. Ropes, Treasurer
EXACTLY what is meant by the statement that " the Com-

Bates & GuildCompany, Publishing Agents petition isnecessary"? It is probable that such a compe-
tition would by many be considered most "necessary" in
144 CONGRESS 5TRE.E.T. BOSTON
the case of the award of an important, or public, building; yet
Published monthly. Price, mailed flat to any address in the United States, $5.00 per annum, it is least of all likely that any important or public building would
in advance; to Canada, $6.00 per annum, in advance; to any foreign address, $6.50 per annum,
in advance. Subscriptions begin with the issue following their receipt. Single copies. 50 be undertaken without the preparation of plans, by some sort of
cents. Entered as second-class mail-matter at the Post-office, Boston, Mass., Nov. 27. 1891. an architect! Therefore, if the selection of an architect is a
necessary preliminary to the construction of an important
PLATL5 building, would it not naturally follow that some architect must
Plates T.-XII. —
Country House at Glen Cove, Long Island
•
receive this work to do? If it must be given to some architect,
N. Y. (Photographs) —
Trowbridge & Ackerman, Architects why should the profession itself conspire to throw away thousands of
dollars of the private income of its individual members in the en-
deavor to delay ot confuse such a direct award? Evidently, only
the profession is to progress further in this country in its in the selfish hope of each person being able to so obfuscate the
IFdevelopment and appropriate architecture, or in
of a direct judges as to secure the award to himself Could he not, however,
public estimation, the time has come for its members and, probably arrange the matter —
!

with considerable less expense —

most particularly, its representative organizations to abandon without going through the costly preliminaries of a competition?
theory and deal with fundamental conditions of practice, which —
Why not a lottery? It would serve as well and cost him con-
are becoming more seriously disturbing with every year. It is siderably less for his subscription, too! Or let the Institute sub-
unfortunate that further effort should be made to legalize the divide its membership, more definitely than it does now, into
competition for the architect, —
as a means of obtaining work. different grades, judged by actual merits of achievement (just
It should by now be recognized that in so doing the Institute is as now actually happens in the case of a "limited" compe-
but deepening the pit placed at its feet; and it is therefore the tition!), lists of which grades could be distributed, on inquiry
more unfortunate that frequent opportunity for harmful utter- from prospective clients, — —
—
governmental or otherwise, to assist
ance has been provided by inaugurating a pubhcation, issued them in choosing an architect "not a plan"!
under its own name, in which carelessly considered individual The writer in the Journal accepts as inherent all those de-
utterances may appear with all the prestige of the Institute fects in the conduct of competitions that we presented last June.
behind them. specifically including "the human fallibility of judges"; while
Under some such misunderstanding have certain expressions yet attempting to defend the competition, as such, by main-
on a December page of the Institute Journal been brought to taining these "fallible" judges to be "the best method so far
our attention, by a reader evidently inclined to accept them as found" of reducing the element of fallibility! He even also ac-
an official expression emanating from the Institute itself! Yet knowledges the importance of all those elements of psychology
these statements are so evidently personal and individual in — •
which we previously held to affect the competition, and the
their obvious misreadings of our text, and in their implications judge; while displaying an utter ignorance of the actual condi-
— that the "editorial," if such, certainly requires no restate- tions of judgment, as well as an inability to understand our
ment of our position; the justice and reasonableness of which position on this entire matter of competitions.
we are content that time, and the profession, should decide. As If, as he so states, the proportion of competitions in which a

used in the Journal, however, the editorial "we" presupposes successful solution has not been reached is "exactly the propor-
the writer to represent the Institute; or, at the very least, its tion represented by human fallibility" the existence of the
Journal's point of view. If we are to accept this to be the fact, competition, in toto, is forever condemned! The Peace Palace at
it becomes necessary to take issue with that body on one vitally the Hague, printed four months ago upon th's page, is but one
important point, on which we believe we more represent the of hundreds of As we have
illustrations of this "fallibility."
majority of its members than its own "official" columns! since had occasion probably no competition has ever been
to state,
The writer's short-sighted and illogical position, and the posi- held which brought out any better practical result than would have
tion of the American Institute of Architects — if this editorial been the case had the building been carefully studied in the first place
may be accepted as representing it! — is finally contained in as an architectural problem in close association with those by whom
two conclusive sentences, which read: "As to the desirability of it was to be used! This conclusion is absolute and irrefutable.
competitions we express no opinion. They are necessary, in For obvious misstatements of intention or understanding, our
many cases, and at present there exists nothing to take their editorials of June, and since, remain for all to read —
and reach
place!" It is with this statement we take exact issue, even their oivn conclusions! As to the Journal's suggestion that "the
though it may more represent the individual ideas of the writer trick" of Mr. Lowell's plan may be turned many times in a
than of the Institute; as it is inconceivable that men of intelli- decade — many empty decades of time have already answered
gent comprehension can be so lacking in judgment as this! // In the decade past has such a trick been turned —
at any other
the American Institute of Architects is so sadly in need of a time? Or in the decade before that? If " decade " be too vague a
constructive policy of progress as this groping statement would term, shall we substitute "generation"— or even "century"
suggest, we herewith offer a more dignified and self-respecting instead?
 — —

18 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW

(Fiom "The Ametican Aichilect") (From " The American Architect ")

Current Periodicals
A Review of the Recent American
And Foreign Architectural Publications

(From "The American Architect"!

Synod House, Cathedral of St. John the Divine

New York
Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson (Boston Office), Arctiitects

(From "The American Architect")

View from Southwest, Design Proposed for Interior, Design Proposed for Cathedral of
Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York St. John the Divine, New York
Ralph Adams Cram, Consulting Architect Ralph Adams Cram, Consulting Architect

DECEMBER magazines provide

interesting contrasts, in the re-
of the same bare coldness; although the
organ-case and the balcony- rail are mod-
strained and Puritan simplicity ern — and English —
in type.
of the old West Roxbury "Meeting- Architecture for December prints a
house" and the equally cold repression, really interesting Government Building
in the Episcopal Synod House in New on the Battery in New York, the Barge
York, of an old-world style originally Office; which, despite the truncation of
vibrant with life and Wtality; and both the Campanile and the inappropriate
contrast with the even more palpably brick jointing, is yet considerably better
foreign design for the completion of St. than these pictures credit it with being!
John the Divine. As to the fagade, either Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson's {New
one accepts its postulate, or rejects it York office) Waterbury City Hall (we
absolutely. Believing that modern ar- published Mr. Gilbert's fagade last
chitecture should strive to reveal the November) is a charming handling of
modernity of a building's construction Municipal Colonial. The Graduate Col-
by expressing a modern point of view in lege of Princeton (by Cram, Goodhue &
its design rather than literally repro- Ferguson —
Boston office) is again illus-
ducing architectural forms from which trated, now accompanied by a plan cor-
vitality has departed, we personally do Old Meeting-house, West Roxbury, Mass. relating the group, and rendering it more
not approve of setting back the hands (From "The firickbuilder ") than when attempted by
intelligible
of history to rebuild the fagade of The American Architect last month.
Notre Dame —
that, even in the orig- The photographs are also better, in
inal, is hard and wiry to an extent composition, reproduction, and print-
that cannot but be multiplied in its ing; —
suggesting texture and scale.
reconstruction in this commercial and The Cleveland Memorial Tower (pub-
essentially "unGothic" generation! lished in the February, 191 2, Archi-
Interesting as is the composition — tectural Review) is again illus-
judged as a "school problem;" in trated, with the roof drawings and the
archaeology, perhaps —
the transept Great Hall west window, by William
angle towers, despite their difference & Annie Willet. Mr. William Welles
from the French front in design, are Bosworth's Rockefeller house, on
more successful from the west than West 54th St., is rather poorly shown;
in relation to the truncated cro.ssing with a monumental High School at
tower from the northeast. Accepting V/aiting-room, N. Y. C. Passenger Station, Rochester, N. Y.
Claude Bragdon, Architect
Albany —
more resembling govern-
the desirability of departing ment or judicial architecture
(From "The Brickbuilder")
from the crossing tower of the than a school house. A charm-
old design, is it not possible to ingly simple and native clap-
adopt some such lighter treat- boarded house by Rogers & Zog-
iTient as at Lincoln, for instance, baum is worthy of illustration.
without the seemingly unneces- The American Architect for
sary new towers; particularly if December 3 illustrates Mr. MuU-
-as the sketches suggest ! gardt's Festal Court at the
they are to partake of the bare- Panama-Pacific Exposition,
ness of the new Synod House an interestingly festive treat-
that has been now added to the ment, shown here last June, but
heterogeneous collection that has so depending upon color-hand-
begun to hive around the Cathe- ling that no criticism is pos-
Exterior, New York Central Passenger Station, Rochester,
dral? The Synod Hall partakes Claude Bragdon. Architect sible from these drawings, with
 ! •

THL ARCHITECTURAL REVILW 19

(Fiom "The Brickbuilder ") (From "The Brklcbuilder";

J*

1^:
,,|Pr£ CI,
^^'^nlfi
L.
i*.
bL. :i
r^:' Jill
Hi j|.'^H

House at Lake Forest, III. House at Great Neck, L. I.. N. Y.

Howard Shaw, Architect William Adams, Architect
(From "Architecture")
their occasional use of conven- Mr. Mark's fourth instalment of
tional or thoughtless details. "Lighting for Public Buildings"
On December lo an amusing continue. Mr. Allen writes on
architectural skit, "How To Get "The Quantity Surveyor," and
Rid of a Model Farm," pre- — the Montefiore Home is reillus-
sumably explanatory of Mr. trated. The plates include An-
Kenneth Murchison's altera- drew, Jaques & Rantoul's brick
tions, transforming a dairy farm Georgian bank at Ipswich;
at White Plains into the Gedney Joseph Evans Sperry's Mary-
Farm Hotel, —
as interesting
is land School for the Blind, an —
as the buildings, both outside illiterate grouping of Georgian
and in, particularly such logical portico between pointed English
changes as "the bull-pens to the. House at Cornwall-on-Hudson, N. Y. gables, flanked by nervously
ballroom," or "the cow stables Rogers
(From
&
"The
Zogbaum. Architects
Brickbuilder")
striped half-timber cottages a —
to the grille"! The plates also show the old polyglot and polychrome combination; a
Theodore Parker Meeting-house, at West Chicago apartment, by Schmidt, Garden &
Roxbury, Mass. Martin; a Germano-English half-timber-and-
On December 17 appears, at last, an issue brick apartment at Baltimore, by E. H. Glid-
of real architectural value, illustrating, be- den and two houses,
; —
one attractively simple
sides the Cathedral design, Claude Bragdon's and characteristically brick house at L^e
well-handled Rochester Station for the New Forest, by Howard Shaw, with quaint inte-
York Central —
shown by the designer's riors; and a previously published brick-ve-
drawings; definitely presenting, in concrete neered-and-timber-nogged house at Great
form, the application of an already stated, if Neck, by William Adams.
formerly seemingly abstract, theory of archi- The December Architectural Record is a
tecture, design, and appropriate decoration. Pacific Coast Number, displaying many build-
First National Bank, Ipswich, Mass.
The December 24th text is of com- Andrews, Jaques & Rantoul, Architects
ings that would have been interesting if
mittee reports at the Institute Conven- (From "The Architectural Record")
not so familiar; besides the distinctive —
tion, while the plates reprint Cass Gil- if well known — work
by Greene &
bert's Kinney Building at Newark — Greene, and the McNear Villa, by Bliss
shown here when first published, last —
& Faville both much enhanced by
August. "Four plates of Student Work careful planting. Several residences by
are also printed." Mr. Mullgardt; Hunt & Eager's Leffing-
December 31devoted to "Theater
is well house at Pasadena; Mr. Farquahar's
Acoustics," by Professor
Sabine, with houses, already illustrated here, are sup-
pictures of theaters; models showing plemented by several less familiar, in-
sound-waves; a comparatively recent cluding the Kellam Villa at Pasadena,
Chicago theater. The Blackstone; and and another at Sierra Madre the —
drawings for a Louisville theater with former more American in tjpe. Mr.
badly arranged boxes and a more than Irving Gill's Bella Vista Terraces are
usually constricted stage plan, seeming locally appropriate architecture, inex-
to place it as a moving-picture theater of pensive from their low height and sim-
spacious auditorium dimen- First Church of Christ, Scientist, Los Angeles, Cal.
Elmer Grey, Architect
plicity —
the street side
sions. The innocent editor might recall Ponte del
(From "Architecture")
has been led to republish Garda. An address by John
the infamous Iroquois The- Galen Howard, "The Ar-
—
ater under another name chitectural Outlook," is
— as a "new" building. printed, with an article by
The December Brick- Elmer Grey illustrated by
builder also illustrates Mr. his only partly successful
Bragdon's Rochester Sta- Scientist Church at Los An-
tion — from premature geles; while among familiar
photographs, displaying work is Myron Hunt
building and grading ma- and Elmer Grey's Throop
terial. Mr. Waid describes College, the Huntington
McKim, Mead & White's and Wattles houses, Mr.
new offices; and Mr. Bow- Hobart's Newhall resi-

man's "Architectural Ju- dence, and several cot-

United States Barge Office, The Battery, N. Y.
risprudence" (Part VI) and tages by Arthur Kelley.
James Knox Taylor, Architect ,
 — — ,

20 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

( From " The American Aichitecl ") (From "The American Architect*') (From "The American Architect")

ti " ^

View. Gallery, toward Proscenium Arch, Lxlerior, Blackstone Theater. Chicago, View, Auditorium, from Stage,
Blackstone Thealer, Chicago. III. Marshall & Fox, Architects Blackstone Theater, Chicago, 111.
(From "The Builder," London)
The article about Willis Polk includes the United Service Club in Pall Mall,
several charmingly drawn studies, the which is also described in the text.
gardens behind the Mofl5t house at Pied- The Architects' and Builders' Journal
mont, and —
unfortunately —
the inte- December 3, London apart-
publishes,
rior fittings for St. Mark's, Berkeley. ments by Frank Verity, and an impor-
The December Western Architect at- tant town residence at Copenhagen;
tempts to exploit Western-Canadian de- December 10, in current work, a resi-
velopment —
and entirely fails of archi- dence in the Rue de Constantine (Paris)
tectural success. Canadian work is too McKim, Mead & White's New York
imitative, while failing to achieve the Post-office,and the staircase waiting-
spirit, of work in England and the States. room end of the Grand Central Terminal.
Mr. Edward Warren's "Breach House," December 17 includes the University of
transferred from Cholsey, England, to the Cape of Good Hope, another Paris
Vancouver, B. C, by Wilbert Rattray, apartment, and some workingmen's
does not equal the original. Several dwelling schemes for the city of Brad-
church designs are quite despicable; and New Premises, Edgware Road, Lojidon ford; and, December 24, a modern Paris
Philip W. Davis, Architect
excepting only two or three commercial apartment in the Rue Crenelle, besides
buildings, there is little architectural reason to excuse this issue containing another well-made drawing, this time of a carved oak
— on much of which, indeed, no architects' names are mentioned. chimneypiece, and several plates of minor architectural work.
November Construction Details (From "The Builders' Journal," London) The Builder for December 5
prints Frank Lloyd Wright's reviews the Pan-American Build-
Coonley house. Riverside, 111.; ing's recent publication; shows
a small mortuary chapel and un- some Montreal work by Darling
dertaking estabhshment at St. & Pearson, the R. I. B. A. draw-
Paul; and a house at Highland ings of Manchester's Old Town
Park. 111., by Tahnadge & Wat- Hall and Sir John Vanbrugh's
son. Construction for December Blenheim Palace; and the Civic
shows a proposed Post-office Design section describes the lay-
Square and Registry Office in out of Karlsruhe. December 12
Toronto —
the latter evidently contains some inexpensive cot-
inspired by monumental work tages, two moving-picture thea-
of McKim, Mead & White — ters, and some flats " de luxe," by
and Montreal School Buildings. Frank Verity, with two English
by Nobbs & Hyde. The De- Business Premises, both street
cember Institute Journal experi- architecture of more interest
Baron Von Plessen's Town House, Copenhagen
ments with still another cover, Gotfred Trede, Architect than usual. December 19 con-
the seal being now too (From "The Builder," London) tains a review of Cali-
small for the lettering, fornia architecture; Mr.
and a leading article on Hastwell Grayson's
the drawings of Mr. sketchfor Cheshunt Col-
J. M. W. Turner. lege at Cambridge ; a Car-
The November Eng- negie Library; and two
lish Architectural Review of Mr. Kirby's old
contains the first arti- sketches —
one of which
cle on "English Painted the editor mistakenly
Decoration," remodeling uses as referring to the
the Paris Palais de Jus- present Cathedral of
tice; a ijth-Century St. John the Divine!
English house, "Sly- December 26 deals with
field; " a small gar- "Mediaeval Bronze
den; and a demolished Doors of Italy," and
Georgian church at Rot- the Rome Scholarship
terdam. The plates illus- schemes in architecture
trate these articles and Competition Design, Cheshunt College, Cambridge and sculpture.
Hastwell Grayson, Architect
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW ui

THE APXHITECTURALT bates 6? guild company

REVIEW* MASTER.S IN
AP.T-^^ VAPJOUS BOOKS PUBLISHERS- 144 Congress street
BOSTON 'Massach usETTS

DEPARTMENT
SINCE The Architectural HE March issue of The
Review published, a year and Architectural Review will
a half ago, Mr. Gardner's
arraignment of the conditions ex-
t; publish five of the fifteen sets
of competitive drawings submitted
isting in regard to School Ventila- in the Pittsburgh Court-house-City
tion — an article that attracted an Hall Competition, including de-
unusual amount of discussion and signs by Janssen & Abbott, Rutan
attention —
it has given its pages & Russell, MacClure & Spahr,
principally to the illustration or Kiehnel & Elliott, and R. M.
discussion of aesthetic problems in Trimble. Besides filling our regular
architectural design. With this plates with the principal drawings,
issue we revert again to the prac- supplemental plans can be com-
tical consideration of another pre- pared on additional text-pages; so
vailing defect in architectural engi- that some forty or more of these
neering, this time concerned with various drawings will be repro-
the conditions that surround our duced.
plumbing regulations; and our CHBI5T CHUBCH, The same number will contain,
available text-space is given to Mr. CAnOn CITY. COLOPADO in the English Country House
J. Pickering Putnam's careful anal- series, a half-dozen illustrations of
ysis of the present situation. We Mr. Lutyens' most distinctive and
are fortunately able to present an Plan, Christ Church, Canon City, Col. dignified English mansion, "Marsh
article that is constructive as well Maclaren & Thomas. Architects
Court" — in Hampshire. Both ex-
as destructive; as Mr. Putnam points out not only the matter, but the very teriors and interiors of this dwelling are unusually dis-
those ways in which improvements can be made, but manner of its times. tinguished in character and design; and the completed
ends with specific paragraphs that if incorporated — structure has been rarely successful in that, while dis-
in our plumbing law —
would permit the advocated tinctly modern, it nevertheless is to be compared with
improvements! We sincerely hope our subscribers dignity to many of the brick Tudor Manor-houses
will read this important article throughout. from which it has, in style, been generally derived.
Our added plates show two American Churches: Added American plates will show more of Mr.
one at McKeesport, Pa., by John T. Comes; another, Cummings' attractive dwelling and studio for Miss
by Maclaren & Thomas, a simpler and more rustic Cecilia Beaux, at East Gloucester, Mass.; as well as
scheme, in Canon City, Col. and an attractive dwell-
; two more American Churches, Mr. Henry Vaughan's
ing and studio built at East Gloucester, Mass., by Adelbert College Chapel in Cleveland, O., and John
Charles K. Cummings, for Miss Cecilia Beaux, the T. Comes' Church of the Holy Family at Latrobe, Pa.
painter. We also add four plates of English Country
Houses, including a plaster house at Jersey, by Ernest We publish this month the floor plans and general
Newton, — one of the most attractive and informal details of a well-designed metropolitan Office Build-
of his dwellings in the Georgian style, and two ex- — ing and Bank, nearly finished, at Birmingham, Ala.,
terior plates of Tylney Hall, an unusually correct use showing upon this page two pictures recently taken of
of English baronial precedent, preserving not only the structure, to indicate its appearance and progress.

Mia^Tj .UKje/jTY I

FJR^T Floor pl:^t/

Plan, Miss Cecilia Beaux's House at East Gloucester, Mass.

Charles K. Cummings, Architect

Lower Stories
Jefferson County Savings Bank
Plan, St. Mary's Church, McKeesport, Pa Birmingham, Ala. Plan, House at Steep Hill, Jersey, England
John T. Comes, Architect William C. Weston, Architect tinest Newton, Arctiilect
 1 :

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and oiled
hand-emeried
Structural conditions
Are sufficient reason for definitely specs makini; it necessary
that the Chute should
fying by name our copper range boiler enter the Box at one
side of the center, sym-
and pressure boilers. metry has been secured
by the introduction of
a dummy Chute in the
You Save for Your Client first story.
Our exiKTience of thirty
years in tin* instAUati«m of
We quote prices to architects and sell nmilinR- apparatus ii\
inirs. is at tlie servict of
build-

arohit^'Cts and others inter-

direct to arcliitect, owner, or plumber. ested, free of charge, for the
Jobbers do not control us. MAIL BOX
asking-.

MONWARO BUILDING, CUTLER MAIL

ST. LOUIS. MO. MAIL CO.,
WEST THIRD STREET
DAHLQUIST MFG. CO.,
38
SOUTH BOSTON, MASS: EAMCS A YOUNG. ARCHITECTS.
Cutler Building,
Rochester, N. Y.
 The Architectural Review
Volume III (Old Series. Vol. XX) February, 1914 Number 2

Our Faulty Plumbing Laws and Regulations

By J. Pickering Putnam, Architect

The ARcniTECTURAL Review perhaps too rarely confronts its readers with prob- now has a right to demand. It should also be stated that Mr. Putnam expects to
lems of the most practical importance. In the continued insistence it places upon (es- have nothing to do permanently with the marketing of any of these appliances, though
thetic and professional standards in the profession, — a position forced upon our con- he has been retained for the present in an advisory capacity by the manufacturer of
science by the failure of other publications always to maintain equally high editorial these goods, to aid in the conduct of experiments in their engineering department.
—
ideals, we often do not find the space necessary for the discussion of these practical Nevertheless, is lie vitally concerned— as an individual architect — in the protest
problems of health and sanitation; unless they are of the most vital importance to the against legislation which at once doubles the cost of plumbing and reduces its safety and
community. convenience; and he hopes that publicity will force some of these main contentions to
A little more than a year ago we dealt with one of these problems: the criminal stand- be soon realized.
ards maintained for the ventilition of school-buildings — criminal because those en- The fight for progress in this direction is one-sided: ferw are interested, though all
forcing them believe they are ensuring the health and vitality of the pupils forced to exist are concerned; and it can be successful only when architects throughout the country take
within these buildings. In this issue we deal with an even more important problem — hold as a body and join with advanced Building Commissioners in investigating the
more important because it affects not merely the health of young children during the whole subject and insisting upon reform.
hours that they are in school, but the health of the entire community, going into every The architects of America are better able to effect a reform in this department of
home in America; and, incidentally, — although this fact is more likely to affect the building than any other body of men in the country; because, while absolutely disin-
—
•

A merican conscience! it also concerns a tremendous financial loss inflicted year after terested, they are better equipped than any other body to view the situation broadly and
year upon all interested in building or the improving of property. scientifically, and to exert upon legislators the kind of influence that should compel
The publishers of The Architectural Review therefore are thoroughly in sym- them to take action in behalf of the public, — against the pressure of selfish interests
pithy with the principles set down in the article that treats this condition so exhaustively and the inertia of ignorance and indifference.
this month. An unusual amount of space has been given to make Mr. Putnam's state- Upon them, at any rate, lies a grave responsibility in bringing about this reform;
ments absolutely complete and conclusive. The standard adopted for his criticisms — because it is to them that their clients, the public, look to safeguard their interests and
the Boston Building Law — is also not to be construed as narrowing the argument to health in all departments of building-construction.

******
one locality. It is intentionally utilized, inasmuch as that building law has been the In conclusion, therefore, let us call upon them to renew their efforts to simplify the
model copied — both in its merits and its defects! — throughout the country, as a plumbing laws of A merica.
standard measure of exceptional merit. Therefore it is important that the faultiness of
these standards should be known; as well as that the underlying principles should be
separately analyzed and plainly restated to benefit other communities which will find So faras the points made in this article apply to the Building Laws of Boston, the
similar requirements imposed in their own local laws. Boston Society of A rchitecls has already voted unanimously to resume an attempt to
To avoid misunderstanding, Mr. Putnam desires it to be staled a! the outset that he alter existing legislation, along the lines of plumbing simplification; recommending
has already patented a number of steam and plumbing appliances, and especially the that the findings of the City Commission of iQoy, its legislative bill, and the points
"Sccuritas" trap and pipe joint, to both of which he refers in this article in order urged in this article be restudied with a view to the presentation of a new bill to the
to explain some of the economies permitted by their use, which he believes the public present Legislature, providing for a better and simpler plumbing code. —
Ed.

as the physician has to deal with the most loathsome the bill and slipping it through so quietly and skilfully that it
JUST
diseases and virulent poisons in behalf of his patients and succeeded in eluding the notice of the Commission itself until it
of humanity in general, so the architect should be willing to was too late for it to file an effective remonstrance, as it desired
consider the question of sewage disposal, however uncongenial, and attempted to do.
as one which vitally affects the health, comfort, and pecuniary
Some Grave Defects in Present Plumbing Laws
interest of his clients and of the community at large, and not
disdain to lend his aid toward bringing about better conditions. Some of the more important defects in our present plumbing
It is certain that he will find no part of building-legislation so laws — defects that should be removed at once — are as follows:
far behind the tim.es, so utterly irrational, and so much in need (i)Back-venting should be prohibited absolutely, and not
of his study and correction as this. Plumbing is in reality very be the judgment of any individual, however learned or
left to

simple in itself, but has been so unnecessarily confused and com- responsible. There is no more reason for leaving this to the
plicated by unwise and improper legislation that the idea seems Judgment of one man than for placing upon him the responsi-
to have arisen that in buildings of importance the services of a bility of deciding for each individual building whether or not a
Sanitary Engineer are required. This need not be so. The archi- special material of known value, such as iron or stone, shall be
tect capable of planning the whole building, and responsible for debarred from that building; or whether it shall be decorated or
its character, can quite as easily master the new, rational, sim- left plain. The mistake has been made of regarding this matter

plified, and scientific plumbing as he does the intricate calcula- as one affecting differently each specific building; whereas it is,
tions of strength of materials, or the heating, ventilation, light- on the contrary, a question of principle, governing all buildings
ing, and decoration of the structure. alike, and involving in its decision vast public interests. It
Nor have the architects failed to recognize and act upon their should be determined definitely and finally; and disposed of
responsibility in this domain. As some may remember, the Bos- completely, and without ambiguity in the law.
ton Society of Architects passed a resolution several years ago (2) Flexible joints and standard thickness of pipes should be
favoring the simpler system. It appointed a committee and em- allowed; and the law prohibiting every kind of joint on cast-
ployed counsel to obtain the necessary legislation for its realiza- iron pipes excepting the lead-caulked hub-and-spigot joint
—
tion. In 1907. the society again aided the Commission appointed the joint which has been declared by the best judges and demon-
by the city for improving the building laws; and an excellent strated in practice to be the worst piece of construction now
plum.bing bill calling for simpler and more scientific work along known in the whole domain of building —
should be repealed.
many lines was framed. This bill passed to the third reading in (3) The main house-trap and all the extra piping it involves

the Legislature — where it was killed by parties acting adroitly should be prohibited.
at the very last moment in substituting an emasculated form of (4) The requirement that every water-closet
should be lighted

Copyright, IQ14, by The Architectural Review, Inc.

22 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

Fig. 1 rig. 2

and ventilated by a window opening directly or indirectly on the lessvaluable space near the center of the house, receiving con-
open air should be repealed and a small heated ventDating-pipe
; tinuous ventilation by means of heated flues and ample artificial
should be allowed as sufficient, especially in city houses, when Iigbt._
such ventilation is desired by the owner. This house is occupied only in the cold months of the year;
(5) Separate traps should not be required for each fixture. is closed during the summer, and has only one narrow front on a
It would be better in many cases to have one trap serve several sunny exposure. Hence, when the bathroom windows in the
closely adjoining fixtures. two-pipe arrangement are opened for airing, the ventilation acts
(6) The hydraulic test for piping should not be required, nor of necessity in a direction exactly opposite to that intended; be-
its requirement left to the judgment of a plumbing inspector. cause the warmer column of air in the house rises to allow the
This kind of test is very expensive, and puts a strain on parts of colder and heavier column from without to enter. The result is
the plumbing system far beyond what could ever be encountered that all the bad air in the bathroom —
including all the imaginary
in practice; and is one which, like excessive boiler-pressure tests, disease-germs still supposed by many to be inseparably connected
may result either in destroying the property at once, or in with plumbing-pipes — is blown straight into the house and dis-

developing unseen defects liable to appear disastrously in the tributed impartially through the various living-rooms, for the
future. equal benefit of all the occupants. This, being lawful and fashion-
In illustration of these principles, there are here shown in Fig. i able, is still accepted by the unreasoning public as the best pos-
two sections of a house on Beacon Street which the writer had to sible arrangement! The fact that the theory which prevailed
alter and enlarge some months ago. The plumbing, emphasized twenty years ago, that sewer air swarmed with disease-germs,
in this drawing, shows what the law required; and in Fig. 2 are has long since been exploded does not in the least affect the ar-
shown simplifications which would have reduced the cost to guments in this case; because the simpler system has always been
considerably less than half — as well as very greatly have in- the safer, for the reasons we shall soon review.
creased the safety and convenience of the work. The simpler plan provides, as shown in Fig. 2 and in plan in
In the two-pipe arrangement (Fig. i) there are two independent Fig. 3, a constant, powerful upward and outward ventilation,
rain-water conductors, both trapped at the bottom before enter- carrying all bad air and possible odors directly out of the house;
ing the house-drain. In the simpler arrangement a single con- incidentally ventilating the entire building, doing its work auto-
ductor is used, ser\'ing also as the only soil-pipe required. It de- matically and without dangerous draughts necessitated by win-
scends in an ample ventilating-slot, recessed in the party wall, dow ventilation. The flue here provides also a local vent without
about half way between the front and the back walls of the house. extra expense; whereas the two-pipe arrangement should also, by
It should be noted that the use of anti-siphon traps on the rights, have shown a local vent-pipe in addition to the others,
fixtures does away with all need of back-venting. still further to increase the excess of cost of the complicated over

The present Boston plumbing laws (Act of 1907), and the laws the simple system.
of other cities generally, require that every enclosure containing Now that modern science has shown that disease-germs do
one or more water-closets shall be provided with ventilation to not abound in sewer air, but that, on the contrary, the water in
the outer air by window or light-shaft. When the outer air is the sewers reduces the number of germs in the air entering them
obtained from an interior shaft (called a "Vent Court") the from without, we know that direct sun's rays are not necessary
smallest area allowed is fifteen in bathrooms; and that, in fact,
square feet, the shaft to be at proper artificial lighting is ac-
least three feet square, increased
%. \ tually preferable, because it fur-
for every increase in building- nishes in its heat the motive
height; so that this shaft, in a power adapted to produce or
twelve-story building, must not increase the room's ventilation.
be less than ten feet square, On the other hand, sleeping
though the bottom intake there- and living rooms do need direct
to need have only four square sunlight, so that the interior ar-
feet area I rangement of the bathroom per-
The bathroom shown in the forms the double service of en-
two-pipe arrangement in Fig. i suring for immeasurably bet-
it

has an outer south exposure, ter ventilation,and of reserving

with a window for direct light for the rooms which actually re-
and ventilation; while in the one- quire it all window-space avail-
pipe plan the bathrooms occupy Fig. 3 able.
 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW 23

In the complicated arrangement the use of extra heavy lead- tional upward extension, however, has not been included in this
caulked cast-iron pipes is enforced by law —
partly because estimate.
thinner pipes could not stand the severe strains applied by the Next, the average allowance for the hydraulic test for a build-
caulking-iron and the hydraulic test, and also because shrinkage ing of this size would be at least $25. The above items for piping
and settlement in the building are bound to fracture thin pipes foot up to $615.
and plumbing-fixtures where rigid lead-caulked joints are used. Good but simple cast-iron enameled fixtures would cost, with
The simpler plan, on the other hand, is designed to use flexible their traps, $290. To
must be added expansion-joints in the
this
joints and abolish the use of lead caulking and the hydraulic test main stacks (to diminish fracture in piping
and fixtures due to
altogether. In this case, pipes of so-called "standard" thickness building settlement or shrinkage, where rigid joints are used),
(weighing just half as much as the "extra heavy" pipes) are amply for which a moderate allowance would be $60. With the supply
thick enough to serve with safety for a lifetime; and as flexible piping, the total is now $965.
jointing has been proved to be permanently reliable and less than In this plan the upper-story bathroom occupies the southwest
half as expensive as the utterly unscientific and unreliable lead- corner of the house, and has one window; both bathrooms being
jointing now in vogue, we are able to cut in two the cost of both supplied with outer exposure, on the mistaken idea that outer
material and installation of every foot of cast-iron piping used in windows with sun exposure are essential.
plumbing any building! Turning to our one-pipe simpler plan (Fig. 2), where the bath-
Finally, turning again to Figs, i and 2 we see that the "main rooms occupy the center of the house, the southwest corner be-
house" or "disconnecting" trap, with its vent-pipe, has been comes available for bed-chambers —
in which direct sunlight
omitted in our improved plan; in virtue of which, when this and outer air are without question essential for complete sanita-
omission becomes general, the sewers will be so amply ventilated tion. The extra bedrooms acquired by moving the main bath-
through every house-drain and soil-pipe that the air within rooms from an outer exposure to the interior of the house mean
them will surpass in purity the famous Paris sewers, now visited a large increase in the actual, and rental, value of the house.
by thousands yearly as one of the sights of that gay metropolis. The cost of the single, flexible- jointed soil-pipe and its branches
of "standard" thickness, allowed under this one-pipe plan, is
Money-Savings to be Effected in a Single House $51 — by the same plumbers' estimates as before, figuring in the
In the two-pipe arrangement (Fig. i), the two four-inch extra- same manner. The drain-pipe, also of "standard" thickness and
heavy soil-pipe stacks (the average number in city and country flexible-jointed, figures to $32. The testing of all the piping in
houses) have one hundred feet of pipe, forty joints, and eighteen this system, by a sensible, scientific smoke and low air-pressure
fittings; and cost, for material and labor, including hydraulic and test, costs only $3.
other tests, and the usual fair plumbers' profit, $133. The number of feet of piping in the entire one-pipe system, of
One of these soil-pipes might be dispensed with, as shown in all sizes and "standard" weight, amounts to only 115, as against
Fig. 2. 475 feet of extra-heavy pipe in the two-pipe system —
equivalent
Next are two rain-water stacks, usual in city houses: either in- to 950 feet of "standard" pipe; so the single system contains less
side the house, to avoid freezing, or outside; one for the front and than one-eighth as many pounds of piping as the complicated
one These cost $115.
for the rear. system, and the number of joints and fittings is reduced in similar
Wherethe combined system of sewerage is used both these proportion.
pipes would be done away with; the soil-pipe stack being ample Assuming the same fixtures to be used in both, the total cost of
to take care of all water from the roof, while running the rain- the simpler sanitary system, including $68 for setting fixtures,
water through the soil-pipe greatly improves the flushing. amounts to only $155 —
almost exactly one-quarter the cost of
We have next the four-inch main drain-pipe, costing $85. corresponding work in the two-pipe system!
Then the branch waste-pipes, costing $65. Next the two stacks Adding the cost of the fixtures, amounting to $290, the total
of useless back- vent pipes, with their branches, costing $91. for the sanitary one-pipe system is $445, against $963 in the
Finally, there are the main house-trap and its fresh-air inlet,
.

other — less than half its cost!

involving at least twenty feet of four-inch extra-heavy piping, a If we add the water-supply piping to both, we have a total of
dozen joints, and half a dozen fittings, besides the trap itself, $709, as against $1,217 —
or a little more than half!
costing $30: a fair average for this foolish obstruction to ventila- But by the saving of the outer bathroom space utilized for one
tion and sewage outflow. When the fresh-air inlet is carried to or two additional bed-chambers where, as is usual, both bath-
the roof (often considered advisable to take the sewer gas away rooms have outer e.xposures, our actual money-saving must be
from the street- increased by the value
level — on the of these spaces saved. f

same principle The average value of

that all soil and a house of this class
drain pipes shall per cubic foot is thirty
discharge no cents. The bedrooms,
nearer than ten measuring six feet by
or fifteen feet twelve, and ten feet
to any window) high, give a cubical
then the cost content of 720 feet;
mounts to at which, at thirty cents
least double the a cubic foot, gives an
figure that has increased sale value
just been given; of $216 per room, or
but this addi- $432 for the two. The

Fig. 5
24 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW

loss of interior closet value from placing the bathrooms in the million dollars, of which the plumbing probably cost eleven mil-
and construction-
center of the house is nearly offset bj- the space lions, from four to six millions of which might have been saved.
cost of the three-story air-shaft and roof ventilating skylight, re- Chicago erected that year sixty-five millions' worth of build-
quired for the lower water-closcLs in the two-pipe system. ings, four and one-half millions of which went into plumbing —
It seems, therefore, fair to say that the luxury of outside win- and a couple or so of millions were thrown away; and Boston
dow and sun exposure for these two bathrooms adds $432 to the erected in the same time twenty-three millions' worth of build-
real cost of the two-pipe plumbing; which, comparing it with the ings, throwing away between six and seven hundred thousand
single-pipe system, gives us $1,669 for the real cost of the former, dollars in useless piping.
as against $709 for the latter.
Under no form of reasoning can the greatly increased value of Both Systems Applied to Flats and Apartments
the property by the addition of two such sunny bedrooms be Figure 4 shows the waste system of a small apartment-house
overlooked; ej:cepl under the assumption that the conclusions of of three flats; and gives, in addition to two separate stacks of
modem science as to the freedom of sewer air from disease-germs soil-pipes, also a set of "back-vent" pipes, as generally recom-
are unfounded, and by the old-fasl.ioned idea that sunlight in mended and installed by plumbers to-day. There are also a sepa-
bathrooms is needed for rate rain-water stack, a main house-trap and its special venti-
the purpose of destrojing lating-stack, similarly approved. Besides these, many advise a
such sewer-germs, and that special stack for local vent, as well as a drip-pipe from the princi-
effective bathroom ventila- pal fixtures. Finally, in some localities, an exterior sewer vent-
tion is obtainable only by pipe is called for by the Sewer Department.
temporarily opening win- All of these, except the sewer vent, have been introduced in
the same figure in order to present what many would consider an
absolutely perfect piping outfit. It is copied from a drawing
presented as a
"model" by one 'I

of theleading \
plumbers in the
country — ex-
cept that there
has been added,
as a finishing Fig. 7
touch, the drip-
pipe frequently recommended for extra fine work. An exterior
sewer vent to the roof should also be added where the discon-
necting trap is used.
dows upon the outer air, preferably to the scientifically regulated Next, in Fig. 5, we see, for proper comparison, precisely the
and constantly active suction of heated ventilating-flues. same fixtures, treated in the simpler manner!
Let us turn again to Fig. 2. The ventilating motive power in- Now, the laws in an ever-increasing number of cities and towns
stalled in the house consists, first, in the n-ain supply and return permit plumbing to be done in accordance with the simpler and
pipes of a vapor system of heating, and, second, in the heat of more scientific system, which has been recommended by men of
the lighting-burners. These burners furnish bathroom illumina- the highest engineering authority; and in view of the very great
tion superior to window light —not only because windows difference in cost between these two systems, it is evident that
supply no light at night, but also because the shades must be very strong arguments should be produced by those favoring the
drawn during the day for privacy; whereas cheerful and brilliant more complicated arrangement, before legislators or building
artificial illumination m.ay be had at all times in inner bathrooms. commissioners are justified in compelling the public to adopt
Direct fresh air may be even introduced at comparatively them instead of the simpler method. It would not be sufficient for
slight additional expense by a duplicate set of air- supply pipes their advocates to prove that their system was simply just as
built in the general heated flue. This direct air-supply will be good as the simpler one; for the public would evidently prefer
tempered in cold weather by the adjoining steam and return the latter as being less costly and easier to keep in order. They
mains, and by the light-burners; and its volume may be easily must prove two things 'more: namely, first, that the simpler sys-
regulated by dampers. Both these refinements are practically tem does not afford perfect safety; and, second, that the complex
unattainable when outside windows are alone depended upon. system does do this!
Part of the saving effected by our new arrangement may prop- As a matter of fact, they have proved neither; whereas, on the
erly be applied toward installing better plumbing-fixtures; and contrary, the reverse has been positively demonstrated, both by
more of them. Accordingly, in the simpler plan, two complete experience and by modern science. It has been shown that the
bathrooms have been added to the outfit, and solid earthenware complication not only absolutely fails to perform the service
has been substituted for galvanized iron in the service-sinks and expected of it, but that it has even introduced new and unex-
laundry-trays. In addition to this, automatic flush-pots have pected evils far greater than any it essayed to remove. It has
been installed on the sinks, forming an important measure of also been clearly demonstrated that the simpler system actually
protection against grease clogging in the kitchen waste-pipes. IS capable of furnishing complete protection.

Money-Savings Totaled in City and Country The Evils of Back-Venting Traps

The amount saved by the simplifications advocated above be- Figure 6 exhibits still more forcibly the absurd confusion this
comes startling when applied to whole cities. system leads to when we attempt to carry it out completely to
According to our census, the average of cost of all buildings its logical consequences. We have here the vent and waste pipes
annually erected in recent years, in the forty-nine principal cities for four simple fixtures, taken, with some modification, from a
of the United States, has been over six hundred million dollars house in New York; where they have been exhibited with pride
per year. The average plumbing cost in these buildings is esti- by their perpetrators. These fixtures and arrangements are re-
mated by good authority at seven per cent of the total, making peated on each of several stories. We have shown only the waste
it forty-two millions annually —
of which, according to our fig- and vent pipes. When, to these, we imagine added the necessary
ures, between fifteen and twenty millions might have been an- hot and cold water supply and service pipes, we can form a pleas-
nually saved I ant idea of the condition of things our "branch waste" ventilating
For example, during the year 1906 —
rather better than the engineers are bringing about! These fixtures have the double
average building-year —
the cost of new buildings erected in vent, recommended by some who are still governed by anti-
Kcw ^ ork City amounted to nearly one hundred and fifty-six quated notions or special interests. The upper vent enters a flue
 THE. ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW 25

or pipe heated by an interior steam-pipe, as shown, and is called siphonage or loss of seal I)y momentum. This i.s a point to which
"the overflow and local vent-pipe." None of the siphon traps very little attention has been paid."
used could withstand the evaporating action of these strong air- The late Colonel Waring stated that: "Continued experience
currents more than a few days, or even hours. In consequence and observation tend more and more to confirm the opinion that
of this, house-owners often close up the overflow openings of the back-venting of traps, aside from its great cost, does more
wash-basins and bath-tubs with putty or corks, in the hope of harm than good; that is to say, that a trap is more likely to lose
rendering themselves secure against the odors resulting from its seal if it is back-vented than if it is not."
evaporated trap-seals. And this closure of the air-supply to traps An English expert on drainage called "a diagram of house
through overflow passages, of course, greatly increases the danger plumbing protected by ventilation-pipes as prescribed by most
of trap siphonage. In Fig. 7 is shown the modern simphlied, and American authorities a bewildering nightmare of complicated in-
far more sanitary, method of installing these same fixtures. genuity," to which statement many will doubtless heartily assent!
Figure 8 shows a back-vent pipe, as it logically should be used,
under the law, in a New York skyscraper, for instance. If en- The Use of Anti-Siphon Traps
larged as it goes up to provide against loss of effectiveness by
friction, the least admissible diameter at the top of a thirty-
We come now to the consideration of anti-siphon traps, or
those which require no back-venting. I
story building would be ten
quote from Modern Sanitation of Septem- /» «kY<«
inches! A simple calculation will
ber, 1907:
show that, without such an en-
largement, it would be a logical
"A condition that recommends itself to
all who are interested in sanitation is the
absurdity; and with the enlarge-
requirement that non-siphon or refill traps
ment it becomes a still greater
successfully withstand a prescribed test
absurdity! The simpler system
before being put on the approved list. By
is shown by contrast in the same
having a standard test for traps, and a code
figure. There are twice as many
that permits the use of any trap passing
fixtures on this stack, and yet
that test, the door is shut against favorit-
the cost is less than that of its
ism or a discrimination against any indi-
neighbor. Of course, immensely
vidual or firm who wish to have their goods
rich people might not very much
used. A standard test for non-siphon traps
mind this unnecessary expense;
that is fair to manufacturer and at the same
but the average man is obliged
time safeguards the public should be
to forego having the best fix- lig. 9
adopted by every city in the Union having
tures, and plenty of them, when
lig. 8 plumbing laws. This test should be uniform throughout the
his allowance for plumbing has
State . . then if a firm or individual designs a new type of
.

been exhausted by installing tons of useless iron and lead.

non-siphon or refill trap they can submit it for a test without
Mr. WilHam Paul Gerhard, Sanitary Engineer, says:
fear of favor, and have it adopted or rejected on its merits or
"The fact is, S-traps with vents are perfectly safe only IF the
demerits.
vent-pipes are of sufficient area, IF they are not of too great
"Objection to the use of non-siphon and refill traps in many
length, IF there are no sudden bends and not too many of them,
quarters arises from the mistaken opinion that the use of such
IF they are free and unobstructed, and IF their fixture is used
traps, by cutting down the amount of plumbing-work in a build-
every day. The conclusion is therefore inevitable that, as ordi-
ing, interferes with the profits of the plumbing contractors. Such
narily arranged, vent-pipes are useless complications."
an opinion is wholly wrong. In fact, the converse is true. More
Mr. Gerhard should have added another "if;" namely, IF
profit is to be realized from the sale of goods than from the labor
the increased air current, which it is their function to produce
of installing them, and a house-owner who can install two bath-
near the trap-seal, is not allowed to destroy that seal by evap-
rooms, or one bathroom and some bedroom lavatories, with non-
oration !

siphon traps for what he could pay for one bathroom with a
"I wish," continues Mr. Gerhard, "that time would permit
whole lot of unnecessary vent-piping concealed in the walls and
me to make a more elaborate comparison between the two meth-
ods, in order to impress upon you the important fact that the
partitions will install the former every time. The plumbing con-
tractor makes his percentage of profit on an instalment of equal
improved and simplified system is far superior to the one com-
amount without an equal amount of work; consequently, his
monly required by rules and regulations.
profit is greater, for if he turns over a ten per cent profit in two
"In Cologne, Germany, all back-air pipes which an investi-
weeks, his net profit, time considered, is greater than if the same
gating committee had cut open were found choked with either
work took four weeks. Furthermore, with a given capital, a
grease or coffee-grounds or cobwebs. In St. Paul, Minn., an exam-
greater volume of work can be handled each year, thus increasing
ination by a plumbing inspector showed that from a total of
the gross profit in a business.
twenty-three houses twelve houses had the vent-pipes from
kitchen sink-traps completely stopped up by congealed grease
"As a corollary to the foregoing, it can safely be said that the
plumber who gives his patron two bathrooms with non-siphon
and particles of vegetable matter or lint from kitchen towels.
traps for a certain price will meet with far greater success in his
Of the eleven others, only one house had a sink vent-pipe which
business than his rival who fits up but one bathroom with vent-
was perfectly clear and unobstructed, and this was found to be
pipes for the same price. It is pleased customers that advertise
due to the fact that hot water and lye were used once a month in
your business, and the best way to please a customer is to make
the pipes. In seven out of eleven houses a soft, slimy substance
every dollar paid show in fixtures."
was found adhering to the interior of the vent-pipes for two or
three inches above the crown of the trap; and in the other three
Trap Tests and Testing Apparatus
the vents were partially stopped up. The vent from the S-trap
under the kitchen sink in my own house has been found par- Every City or State Building Commissioner's office, or Board
tially stopped up five times in ten years, and would doubtless of Health, shouldbe equipped with some simple form of trap-
have Ijecome entirely stopped up before the end of this period if testing apparatus. It is possible in testing to produce a strain
I did not have it cleaned once a year. equal to a vacuum of twenty-six inches, and we find anti-siphon
"In northern latitudes, where soil and vent pipes above the traps capable of resisting, unvented, this strain many times re-
roof may become closed by frost, traps will readily be siphoned peated, without refilling.
under such conditions. The vented S-trap, on the other hand, is incapable of resisting
"Trap vent-pipes increase the liability of the seal of S-traps a vacuum of a single inch, when the vent-pipe is long and crooked,
being destroyed by evaporation. The trap vent-pipe, if placed or when it is partially roughened or closed by deposits. A few
much below the trap-seal, does not protect the pipe against self- inches of vacuum will destroy its seal, even when the vent-pipe
26 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

is new and dean, and as short and These department test requirements do not, however, debar
straight as it is possible to make it the use of concealed partitions for producing the trap-seal, al-
in practice. though this construction is regarded elsewhere as so serious a
One of the best forms of testing defect as to be rigidly prohibited; for the reason that the parti-
apparatus (Fig. 9) was devised by Mr. tion's corrosion out of sight opens a direct entrance for sewer gas
William .Atkinson for use at tests into the house without warning to the occupant.
made for the Peter Bent Brigham
Cesspool and Shallow Traps
Hospital. The filling-pipe and quick-
opening valve are here placed at the The cesspool order of traps is objectionable not only because its
bottom instead of the top; and by accumulations of putrefying organic matter generate nauseating
this arrangement any desired siphon- and dangerous gases, ready to enter the house through every
ing strain is obtained with absolute leaking lead-caulked joint or evaporated trap-seal, but also be-
accuracy —
an evident advantage cause these accumulations, multiplied by hundreds or thousands
never before attained in any hydraulic in cities and towns, nullify the first principle of sanitary engi-
appliance, and yet one which is essen- neering and render it impossible to discharge the sewage in its
Fig. 10
tial where scientific precision is de- fresh condition into river and sea. Putrefying sewage is poisonous
sired. The whole apparatus can be built within an office of the to fish, as it is to other animal life. Particularly objectionable is
ordinary height, as it permits of the generation of enormous the pot, or cesspool, trap when constructed of easily corroded
strains by the total elimination of the friction encountered by metal, because the acid gases arising from the putrefaction within
water descending through an empty pipe. often corrode the metal as shown in Fig. 12
; —
taken from a
With a simple form of testing apparatus one stands entirely building in this decayed and porous state. What will corrode
independent of outside testimony as to the relative efficiency of lead and brass is certainly not good for human lung-tissues, and
trap-venting and the anti-siphon systems. There remains no these requirements should be radically altered —
even if only to
e.\cuse for any doubt in the matter; and no one thereafter would allay public suspicion as to the motive of the restriction. People
dare to publish inaccurate or misleading statements, knowing desirous of submitting improvements are discouraged from ma-
that any Board of Health or Building Inspector's office could king any attempt to do so by this seemingly arbitrary and pro-
immediately and authoritatively refute them. Figure 10 shows hibitory rule.
how simple an apparatus is capable of exerting a siphoning strain A prominent lawyer recently announced his intention to test
on traps severe enough to break the seal of a si.x-inch pot trap, the right of the building authorities to oblige him to install back-
and completely to empty an ordinary S-trap, fully and newly air pipes with his anti-siphon traps
vented. Figure 1 1 is a diagram of tests on several kinds of traps, — on the ground that the form of
made for the Board of Health and others, on this apparatus. The the anti-siphon trap, together with
figures under each trap show the number of siphoning strains or its inlet and outlet pipes, provided
tank discharges applied without refilling, and its effect on the in itself the best possible and only
trap-seal. permanently reliable back-air pipe,
This littleapparatus was built for a few dollars. It would as their efficiency could not be de-
certainly be for the interest of the public, in encouraging inven- stroyed by clogging or evapora-
tion and improvement in this domain, for the law to require tion. Closure by clogging would pj^ 12
every city or State to furnish the apparatus needed for the exe- stop the outflow of water and ren-
cution of the tests it exacts —
for the purpose of establishing a der cleansing imperative. Their principle of construction is such
scientifically uniform standard of examination, and subjecting as to allow the air of the room to pass through their own seal
every trap to precisely the same conditions and strains. without injury to them, and then to pass on and up to the roof
The requirements of the Boston Building Department Tests through the waste and soil pipes, thus attaining what the law
specify that the trap tested shall be subjected to siphoning strains must accept as the only permanently effective back-air pipe
severe enough to break the seal of any vented siphon trap now possible. He claimed the inspector could not oblige him to adopt
approved for use in that city. Why should not the vented siphon that one of two methods of back-airing which had proved with-
traps be required to stand the same strains that are exacted of out question to be both unreliable and short-lived, when another
the anti-siphon traps? method, well known to be both reliable and permanent, was
But the most remarkable requirement in the tests exacted by contained in his anti-siphon traps and their waste-pipes.
that Building Department, and the one most to be criticized as Figure 13 explains the manner in which the horizontal-trap
bringing it into the category of special legislation favoring a principle protects the seal of an adjoining water-closet or other
single article or t>'pe of article to the exclusion of all others deep-seal unvented siphon trap. The trap proper is the shallow
equally good or better, is the clause in which an initial depth of U-bend shown under the fixture outlet; a shallow refilling cham-
seal of four inches is demanded in every trap before the test and ber equivalent to a horizontal coil of round pipe connected with
of one and one-half inches after the test; and equally or more to this bend and standing between it and an adjoining water-closet
be criticized is the requirement that every trap shall have a trap refills the bend after every siphoning action —
and yet, in
water area of at least two and one-half inches in diameter. virtue of its shallow construction, cannot itself be unsealed.
UMOIl ZTbt SM. rPot 6-M ms. Hk/o/^J riTX^. ^™«&j This constitutes one of the novel features of the Securitas trap.
This drawing, and Fig. 14, show that its shallow form serves to
permit its use with bath-tubs entirely above the floor finish,
thereby being not only completely accessible, but saving objec-
tionable floor cutting and disfigurement. It also shows a single
trap serving two fixtures, and protecting all three from siphonage.
.! The basin-trap has here the advantage of the powerful bath-tub
flushing, which more than offsets the slight disadvantage of the
Fig.
small increase of piping between fixture and trap. Just as no
1

These astonishing requirements debar every form of trap ex- odor worth considering comes from the ordinary overflow pipe
cept those long condemned by sanitarians as cesspools (including of a bath-tub, always being open to the room from the trap up,
a patented trap which has exactly four inches of seal and two so the extra eighteen inches of pipe shown from the foot of this
and one-half inches area!), and al.so exclude the use of the new overflow-pipe to the trap, receiving the full and constant flush-
principle of sanitary trapping which enables a lavatory trap ing of the comparatively clean bath-tub water, will always be
completely to protect from siphonage the water-closet trap, practically clean and odorless. The tub, when full of water,
thereby d(;ing away with back -venting altogether, and dealing a moreover, fills also, when it is discharged, the basin outlet-pipe
final death-blow to this pernicious system! as high as its own level, reduced slightly by friction. Hence this
 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVIEW 27

basin outlet receives a better and clean, regardless of circumstances;

cleaner flush than in the usual ar- whereas, in the D-trap, while accumu-
rangement, in proportion to the lations of grease and dirt occur in am-
greater cleanness and strength of the ple quantity in the unsecured parts,
bath-tub water discharge over that of the vent-opening of the S-trap is
the basin, as ordinarily constructed shown entirely free from such deposit.
and used. But this vent-opening, being entirely
Since these statements cannot be outside of the waterway of the trap,
understood without an interior view must receive even less scour than the
of the trap, Fig. 15 is necessary, comparatively innocent corner of the
showing so clearly the exterior and D-trap. By what miraculous means,
interior appearance and construction then, has this vent-mouth cavity
that further explanation is superflu- escaped when the D-trap corner has
ous, all parts of the waterway being been packed solid As a matter
full?
nearly equal in area to that of the waste-pipe itself. But since of fact, the mouth of the vent-pipe will clog even easier than
a proper scour can be obtained only when proper flushing is the unsecured portions of the D or pot trap; because the
provided, fixtures with large outlets, and especially those con- warm, fatty vapors rising in the vent-
structed on the principle of pipe will deposit and congeal more or less
an automatic flush-tank, grease along its cool sides to add to the
are to be recommended for deposits by splashing and liquid contact.
use with traps Even a In short, the mouth of the vent-pipe forms
straight pipe will collect an unsecured "pocket" quite as danger-
sediment if dirty water is ous as any of those, now universally con-
allowed to trickle through demned, which constitute the characteristic
Fig. 17
— NICKEL PLATED —
- it for any length of time THAR SHOWING INlllRlOR defective feature of all "cesspool" traps.
nUNNINC TRAP. C0>J5TRUCTI0N.
and no regular flush is pro- If the D, or any other form of cesspool trap, actually clogs, at
Fig. 14 vided —
let alone a trap, Fig. 15 times, as the doctor rightly says it does, until the passageway
which slowly collects dirt gradually approximates the form of the S-trap, as shown in
around the inside. The amount of deposit will evidently be in- Fig. 21, then evidently the vent-pipe mouth at the top of the
versely proportioned with the speed of the flushing stream and cesspool trap will eventually
the area of the passageway. As a bath-tub produces the max- be shut off by this same de-
imum of flushing effect, use should be made of it to flush as posit —
and, whether the S-
many traps as possible. This trap has the minimum of sediment trap be constructed of grease
area, next to a straight pipe or a common S-trap or coil of pipe, or of lead, its vent-mouth
and yet most present laws take no cognizance whatever of this will be similarly closed!
important matter; and while exhibiting the utmost apparent Any one making a full and
anxiety in regard to the existence of a few extra inches of waste- careful study of the records
pipe between the fixture and its trap, our Building Departments now obtainable of the effects
often pronounce in favor of cesspool traps and debar those of of breathing sewer air must
the most scientifically self-cleansing order, while the law itself come to a conclusion some-
takes no notice whatever of the vital necessity of a proper flush- what as follows: The danger
ing construction for lavatories and sinks. from inhaling sewer gas is in
proportion to its concentra-
Integral Grease-Traps and Flushing Apparatus tion and poisonous composi-
Fig. 18

The exceedingly valuable

if little known inventions of Waring tion. Where cesspools or foul
(Fig. 18) and Gerhard (Fig. 19) for this purpose are also shown, and ill-ventilated sewers are used (as is frequently the case in
as applied to kitchen and pantry sinks, which, however, have — unprogressive, badly administered, and ignorant communities
—
never received the slightest recognition, so far as I am aware,
in legislation, —
and Fig. 20 shows my own device, producing
the same result absolutely automatically.
Next, Fig. 16 shows the effect on cesspool traps of improper
flushing —
effects of constant occurrence, well known to every
aiiclclj of A
architect and plumber. The old-fashioned D-trap is shown Sloipcliog Ovoplow l^ilcl^er)

incorrectly placed on one side, because it was taken from a flusljiijt) Appoi-atii5.
chapter on "Plumbing" incorporated in an otherwise excellent
recent medical work, and reproduced here Just as it was to show
that the medical profession is still somewhat
Fig. 19
backward comprehending the scientific
in
principles of sanitary plumbing! The doctors and very frequently in small towns and villages) the dangers
are scarcely to be blamed, because they are may be serious and constant; while where a well- ventilated and
not responsible for house construction, and well-constructed sewerage system has been provided — as in the
I
the plumbing laws make far greater blunders best administered large cities —
in this domain than our medical friends; but the danger is comparatively
what is to be said for the architects of the small. _—
Fig. 16 country if they continue to allow the condi- Nevertheless, decomposing or- \
tion of affairs shown above longer to exist — or ganic matter accumulates more
such stupendous iniquity as has been exhibited in Boston in the or less along soil and drain pipes
substitution of the present Act of 1907 for the excellent bill of of houses, as they are usually
the City Commission to go unchallenged by the entire profession constructed, even in the best
for perhaps another six years? sewered cities; and the products
Before passing on, your attention should be called to the fact of such decomposition, if contin-
that the vented S-trap in PMg. 17 is also taken from the doc- uously breathed, tend to pro-
tor's chapter on "Plumbing." He introduced it to show how, duce a general impairment of Z_
even under sinks, a simple siphon trap will keep pure and the health, predisposing the sys- Fig. 20
28 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

tern to infection, and lowering the vital forces of resistance to — as has been tested for the last six years, the pliable filling
any form of specitic disease. Every possible precaution, there- being apparently as yielding now as it was at the outset, retain-
fore, should be employed to exclude sewer air from the house; ing all its original qualities.
and the conclusions of investigators that disease-germs do not Figure 23 shows the form of joint used when longitudinal
abound in sewer air should not lead us to the fatal error of un- movement is required. In this case the Portland Cement is not
derrating the danger of breathing air contaminated by the foul used, but the whole interior space is filled with the pliable pack-
gases of decomposition. ing. The rotary joints are used in all bends and
fittings, and the longitudinal ones on the
Flexible and Inflfxiblc Soil-Pipe Jointing
straight pipes.
We to our last, but not least, subject for complaint
come now The other sectional drawing, Fig. 24, shows
namely, the exceedingly unwise requirement as to cast-iron pipe the "Securitas" rigid joint, the black, star-
jointirig. The lead-caulked hub-and-spigot joint is entirely un- shaped sections representing a lead ring, de-
scientific, unsanitary, very expensive, and absolutely unsatisfac- signed to be compressed by heavy ratchet
tory. Instead of being required by law, it Fig. 24 wrenches.
should be prohibited, both because it is
rigid and subject to fracture under slight Special Legislation
pressure occurring by street or building
settlement or shrinkage, and because its Regarding the special legislation required to permit the in-
construction and materials render it inca- method of plumbing, there are ap-
stallation of the simplified
pable of standing the hot water and steam pended certain sections from a Plumbing Code compiled while
encountered in its ordinary use. The iron acting as expert for three different cities, in the revision of their
pipe's expansion under heat compresses the plumbing regulations. For the section relating to the use of
lead caulking, which, being inelastic, never anti-siphon traps, I recommend simply the following:
returns. The result is inevitably failure. Section 5. Traps. The waste-pipe of every plumbing-fixture sliall be connected
Rg. 21 At first a .small annular opening for leak- with a non-siphoning water-seal trap having an air-tight and water-tight clean-
out of sufficient size to give convenient access for cleaning all parts of the trap.
age is produced between the lead and the Back-air pipes for special trap-venting shall not be used.
iron but a constant repetition of the action ultimately forces the
;

lead out of the joint altogether, the speed of the disaster being Where, however, it is found necessary to respect a prejudice
in proportion to the degree of variation of temperature in the stillexisting in favor of back-venting, the use of either the sim-
pipe system. ple or the back-vent or two-pipe system should be left optional
Mr. Gerhard well says: "There is scarcely another detail in a with the owner. But if the back-air system is chosen, it should
system of drain-pipes for a dwelling in which so much rascality be subjected to as rigid a regulation as the anti-siphon system,
or criminal stupidity is shown as in the manner of making joints and to this end the following provisions have been framed
in iron pipes, and this is especially the case whenever architects
Section 11. Back-Air Pipes will be allowed as protection for traps against
or builders tolerate such pipes to be built into walls; inasmuch siphonage when they stand the same test connected with the trap which is applied
as, under such circumstances, defective joints are readily covered as standard to non-siphoning traps. For test purposes vent-pipes made of tubing and
connected up as shown in Fig. 10 shall be employed. A sufficient number of pipe
up and brought out of sight. The manner of applying the gas- lengths and bends shall be used in the test to produce an amount of air friction
kets of oakum; the quality of the melted lead; its purity; the corresponding with that of the vent-pipe to be used in the actual building.
temperature to which it is kept in the pot on the fire; the man- Back-air pipes shall not be accepted as protection against siphonage for kitchen
or pantry sink traps, nor for any trap regularly used for discharging greasy waste.
ner of pouring the lead; and, finally, the operation of caulking it All back-air pipes shall be provided with clean-out screw caps at every ninety
after shrinking; — these are all details worthy of careful consid- degree bend or vertical runs, for the periodical removal of rust-flakes or other
deposits; and these caps shall be opened and the deposits removed as often as
eration, but, unluckily, seldom looked plumbing a dwell-
after in
they accumulate in quantity sufficient to reduce the bore on the pipe by one-third
ing. ... It has been my personal observation that honest and of its area, whereby its effectiveness in protecting the trap from siphonage may
conscientious plumbers — vnth the best possible intentions to be destroyed.

do only first-class work — were frequently unable to caulk the Suitable provision shall be made to prevent the upper end of the back-air pipe
from being obstructed by frost or snow in cold weather.
lead of joints sufficiently tight without splitting the hub of the The joints of all back-air pipes shall be tested for tightness, as elsewhere pro-
pipe. In other cases the joint could not be made tight, owing vided.
Section 12. Mechanical Vents. Where mechanical vents are accepted as meet-
to the impossibility of reaching all parts of the lead in a joint ing the requirements of this section, suitable provision shall be made to ensure their
with the usual caulking-tools, because of the soil-pipe being mechanical parts against being rendered inoperative by rust, sediments, or other
cause.
located in a recess or partition."
Section ij. Protection of Water-Closet Trap-Seals. A shallow seal non-siphoning
A scientific flexible joint would enable or refilling trap shall be accepted as a suitable back-air vent for a water-closet
pipes of "standard" thickness to be used siphon trap, provided the trap shall have proved acceptable under the standard
test, and provided it shall be placed near enough to the water-closet trap to be
where now "extra heavy" are required to effective, and provided the depth of seal of such non-siphoning or refilling trap
withstand the strain of the hand caulking shall yield to the siphoning strain and admit air to break the vacuum before the
necessar>' under this unscientific construc- deep seal of the water-closet trap is affected.
Section 14. Evaporation. The test for resistance to evaporation shall consist in
tion. connecting up the trap with the testing apparatus, closing the valve, and allowing
Figure 22 shows the "Securitas" flexible the trap to stand for thirty days without refilling. The trap shall be accepted as
fulfilling the requirements when it shall be found to have lost less than one-tenth
joint. The outer hemispherical portion
of an inch of its seal through evaporation in this time.
around the spigot is made of Portland Ce- When the trap is a siphon trap or intended to be protected by a back-air pipe,
ment, cast rigidly upon the spigot, very the test apparatus of back-air pipes (Fig. 10) shall be applied, and a current of
air shall be induced through the back-air pipes by means of a suction pump or fan
hard and smooth and thinly coated with
at a speed of one foot a second as measured by an anemometer. If less than one-
paraffin. The under half is composed of a Fig. 22 tenth of an inch of the trap-seal is removed by evaporation in thirty days under this
wonderful substance having the nature of test, the trap and its back-air pipe shall be accepted in this respect.
Section 15. Back Pressure. For preventing back pressure all soil-pipes shall be
an unchanging, bituminous base combined with a non-drying connected with the horizontal drains and all horizontal runs by long bends, and
oil, and constituting an apparently practically no running or other trap of any kind shall be permitted in the horizontal drains or
permanent, pliable, sticky mass, unaffected by between the house-drain and the public sewer.
Section 16. Clogging. To prevent clogging the discharge of all fixtures shall be
such variations of temperature as occur in so constructed as to permit of the waste-pipes being filled "full bore" after use,
plumbing, gas or water carriage. The cost of and no trap shall be accepted which shall contain at any part a cesspool chamber
having a sectional area measured at right angles with the flow of the water current
the packing and its introduction is about a quar-
through the trap of more than three times the sectional area of the inlet arm of the
ter that of lead caulking for the same sized pipe trap. Exception shall be made for grease or other special traps, as elsewhere
—
and the use of fire for melting is avoided. provided.
Section 17. A Single Trap for Several Fixtures. Several fixtures may be con-
The joint can be rotated a certain distance nected with one trap, provided the trap is not over five feet from the outlet from
Rg. 23 under light or heavy pressure, without leakage any fixture.
 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW 29

— announced (entirely in accordance with the provision inserted

The Architectural Review into the
sign, not
program for that purpose) their acceptance of the de-
mentioned by the jury, of Wells & Dana!
New Series, Volume III, Number 2 Mr. Desmond {not a member of the Boston Society of Archi-
Old Series, Volume XX, Number 2 tects; as is one of the accepted firm!), whose plans had been

FEBRUARY. 1914 placed first by the jury, protested this decision; and at an un-
official State-house hearing, and an investigation by the Boston
Society of Architects, the following additional information
developed: that Wells & Dana had made sketches for the board
before the competition was undertaken (they are said to have
claimed —
and they have specifically refused to deny making
THE, ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW. Inc.
such claim! —that, until the Committee on Competitions prof-

Arthur D. Ropes, Treasurer

fered its assistance, they had the building to do!); that Mr.
Henry D. Bates, President
Wells was a personal friend of the board's chairman; that the
Bates & Guild Company, Publishing Agents board preferred their plans because their Convention Hall was
144 CONGRESS STRE.LT, BOSTON upon the first floor; that their first floor was seven or eight feet
Published monthly. Price, mailed flat to any address in the United States, $5.00 per annum,
above ground, instead of "approximately four feet," as required
in advance; to Canada, $6.00 per annum, in advance; to any foreign address, $6.50 per annum, in the program; and their perspective showed an "architectural
in advance. Subscriptions begin with the issue following their receipt. Single copies, 50
cents. Entered as second-class mail-matter at the Post-office, Boston, Mass., Nov. 27, 1891 accessory," the "Beacon Monumeot" on Beacon Hill,^claimed
~^ as a "distinguishing mark" in violation of the program. It also
PLATES appeared that, of the members of the board, Mr. Sedgwick alone
Plates XIII. —
XX. Jefferson County Savings Bank, Birming-
— was alive to the nice points of honor involved; and that both
ham, Alabama (Plans, Elevations, and Detail Drawings)
William C. Weston, Architect.
—
women failed to exercise their individual suffrage, one by ab-
sence; the other by casting her vote on the chairman's representa-
tions, being influenced against the plans the jury had recom-
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, through mended by certain criticisms quoted from their report.
THE Board
its
Sovereign
Panama-Pacific Managers, has notoriously
of While the unofficial hearing failed to obtain justice for the
failed to fulfil obligations implied in a competition that competitors, it made public certain facts — and Mr. R, Clipston
typically illustrates these affairs work general injury and
how Sturgis, introduced as representing Mrs. Hamlin, but reannounc-
injustice to the architectural profession. This board of five mem- ing himself as president of the Institute (a mistake that, when
bers, — three men and two women, —
Peter H. Corr, chairman; pointed out to him, he, long afterwards, acknowledged), re-
George Mead, Alexander Sedgwick, Mrs. John Hays Hammond, viewed the case; showing that the board, while desiring the hall
and Mrs. Charles S. Hamlin, violated, without explanation or located as on Wells & Dana's plans, had yet failed so to inform
apology, one of the most specific clauses in their contract with their professional adviser, hence that fact was not in the pro-
the architects competing for the Massachusetts Building at the gram, thus misleading the competing architects and the jury
San Francisco Exposition. As yet the Commonwealth has failed (who, of course, judged the designs in conformity with the pro-
to censure representatives for repudiating their own agree-
its gram!) and leaving Wells & Dana alone in their possession of this
,

ment; and, as usual, the gullible architects alone are left to suffer! information. Mr. Sturgis further ventured to criticize the jury
In attempting to uphold the dignity of the profession of archi- for being "ill advised" and "exceeding their authority" in criti-
tecture, — which, indeed,suffers more neglect from the careless- cizing their selected designs. The members of the board, lacking
ness of its professed followers than from any other cause we !
— all appreciation of their obligations in honor to abide by their
publish the established facts; carefully preserving the names of program, retained adviser, or their Jury of Award (but yet acting
those ladies and gentlemen who were clever enough to "put one within the strictly legal rights of the program the Institute ap-
over" on the Institute in getting its approval on this program, proved!), set the entire competition aside in order to accept the
"joker" and all. "plans"oi their original architects, in most flagrant disregard of
This Board of Panama-Pacific Managers received a communi- that clause in the Institute's code which states that "the owner
cation promising such assistance by the local Committee on should feel bound, not only legally, but in point of honor, to re-
Competitions as persuaded them to accept the invitation; a pro- tain as his architect the competitor to whom the award is made"!
fessional adviser, Mr. James Knox Taylor, was appointed; a Results: that any "contract" between competitors and holders
program drawn up that was approved by this committee as of a competition, incorporated within a program, amounts to
wholly satisfactory: Mr. R. Clipston Sturgis, then president of nothing — so far as binding those holding the competition is
the Boston Society (now president of the American Institute) concerned (in this case the board exceeded, at least, the Umit
being that committee's chairman. This program contained a within which they agreed to render their decision) that the In-
;

legal agreement binding the Board of Managers to announce the stitute is incapable of guaranteeing that provisions of an "ap-
successful competitor "within thirty days of the date set for the proved" program be carried out, the adviser properly informed,
submission of the drawings," which was Nov. 20, 1913; as well or the decisions of the judges respected. (This instance exactly
as so obviously unjust a clause as permitted them to set aside illustrates how the machinery devised by the Institute to receive
their jury award, and select any other plan preferred, in re- — its approval cumbersomely avoids vital fundamentals, as we have

turn for which privilege they were merely required to pay the previously stated; and the whole complicated system, seen in the
inadequate sum of $50 to each of five mentioned competitors! light cast by this experience, appears even more farcical than be-
Under this program twenty-five designs were submitted, of fore so pretentious an attempt was made to "regulate" and
which nearly half attempted some variant of the "Bulfinch legalize the competition!)
State-house." After the jury, appointed by the board's pro- Mr. Sturgis' utterances at the State-house were unfortunate:
fessional adviser, and consisting of Mr. J. Randolph Coolidge, they served to discredit the Institute's approval of the program,
Jr., Mr. Allen Cox, and Mr. Edward H. Hoyt, had made their and the acts of the jury; questioning the "rights, powers, and
report, recommending one design for award and suggesting im- authority" of the jury, which have never been established by the
provements to better four others (the program liberally permit- Institute; while, as reported (and not denied!) they were accepted
ting the board to select from among five!), the board requested as whitewashing the board, and justifying its refusal to accept the
them to approve still another set, which the board beheved supe- jury's selected design. In short, his appearance served no other
rior to any the jury had chosen. This the jury very properly apparent purpose than to save the Board of Managers from
refused to do; and so the Panama-Pacific Managers, on Jan. 22, blame, — including, specifically, one of its feminine members,
19 1 4 — over two months after " the submission of the drawings" 1 seeming preferably to transfer it instead upon the Jury of Award.
30 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
(Ftocn "Aichutectute") (From "The Brkkbuilder")

Current Periodicals
A Review of the Recent American
And Foreign Architectural Publications
(From "Construction"'

Art Gallery, Montreal, Canada

L. & W. 5. Maxwell. Architects

(From "The American Architect")

Exterior, 5t. Thomas' Church, New York City Nave, St. Thomas' Church, New York Cily
Cram. Goodhue & Ferguson (N. Y. Office^ Architects Cram. Goodhue & Ferguson (N. Y. Office). Architects

OSTof the January magazines brickwork. An over-solid wall, tran-

'feature" St. Thomas' Church,
M' which far better withstands the
searching glare of the limelight than
scribing various idiosyncrasies of brick
treatment, is the principal character-
istic of Donn Barber's City Club at
many of its predecessors on this stage! Atlanta, Ga.; while the Phillips Exeter
January Architecture gives perhaps its Library, by Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson
best presentation, with carefully chosen (office not stated!), is hardly as success-
photographs that are nevertheless them- ful as previous Georgian designs by this
selves lacking in color and tone. Mr. same firm, and Mr. Chandler's house at
Alfred Hopkins' Court-House and Prison Cambridge is of unwieldy dormitory
of the Inferior Jurisdiction, New York proportions, with interiors of somewhat
City, is a similar, if simpler, problem to too cottage-like Colonial simplicity.
Recitation Building, Boston College, Newton, Mass.
the Hamilton County Court-House, MaSinnis & Walsh. Architects The January 14th American Architect
illustrated our December number,
in (From "Architecture") shows Maginnis & Walsh's very success-
with an exterior adapting the Florentine palace Boston College on land overlooking
ful start for
to the altitude of a New York sky-scraper! Mr. the Brookline Reservoir at Newton, Mass. The
E. D. Litchfield's house groups at Jamaica, L. L, principal charm of the building —
built of a local
are shown again (after an earlier presentation in stone found on the site, of a greenish-gray tone,
The Record), and those in unpainted brick seem with a dull grayish-green tile roof, and supplying
rather the more Colonially attractive. an unusual color-note in the landscape does —
The January Brkkbuilder appears with plates not appear in these photographs. "Early Dutch
in a brown tone and an attractive title-page by Colonial Architecture" is described on January 7,
Mr. 0. R. Eggers, whose drawings are memo- with several residences, including an English
rialized in this same issue, with one of the draw- brick-and-plaster house at Winchester, by War-
ings we published in October used as a frontis- ren & Smith, — the rather narrow effect of its
piece. Architectural acoustics seems from — frontage being emphasized by its entrance fea-
space given it in the magazines! —
about the ture; Mr. Lovell Little's Waldo house in Brook-
"newsiest" subject before the profession, and line, designed for terra-cotta blocks; and several
another contribution by Mr. Sabine is this detail views of work by Elmer Grey.
month's leading article; followed by continua- January 21 contains the ninth of Mr. Koester's
tions of "Lighting" and "Quantity Estimating," series on "American City Planning," with foreign
and another of the late Mr. Burnham's Chicago illustrations; and plates of an attractive stone-
bank buildings —
with St. Thomas' Church also Colonial house at Bryn Mawr, by Mr. Percy Ash,
wiggled in as the first of a series on " Distinctive with garden and stables; and student work.
American Architecture!" The plates show fewer The issue of January 28 is wasted on an ex-
subjects than usual, — and more illustrations of ample mis-labeled "Landscape" architecture
each, — possibly presaging a new policy for this Acceplc'l
House and
lJisi'.;;n,City Court-
Prison, New York
(sic) in Washington —
more remarkable for blank
magazine. Mr. John Russell Pope's recent brick Alfred Hopkins, Architect
wall treatment with over-elaborate treillage in
house at Washington lacks the refined (From "The Western Architect ") perspective (even including an imita-
dignity of his Hitt house, or the pic- tion peacock — in trelliswork !) than
turesque charm of his brick McLean any conceivable merit, "architec-
residence; but the interiors are inter- tural," "landscape," or otherwise!
esting because they partake of the The A rchilectural Record for January
rather homely, old-fashioned type again illustrates the Princeton Grad-
that followed the neo-Greek period in uate College, by the Boston ofl5ce of
this country. Garber & Woodward's Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson this —
Cincinnati Public School is conven- time with a number of Mr. Buckly's
tional, — with details of mingled large photographs and a general plan that
and small scale, based on Tuscan Great Northern Station, Minneapolis, Minn. helps coordinate the pictures (already
Charles 5. Frost, Architect
 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW 31

(From " Architecture ") (From "AxchKeclure")

(From " Tho Brickbuilder")

Houses at Jamuica, L. 1. Doorway. House at Jamtiica. L. I.

Entrance. House at Washington, D.C. L. D. Litchfield. Architect
E.. D. Lilchlield, Architect
John Russell Pope, Architect
(From "The American Architect")
thesis design, and three measured
reproduced here from a previous
A following article, and rendered drawings by the
illustration).
Robinson Traveling Fellow.
under skull and cross-bones, di-
Construction Details for De-
rects attention to an instance of
cember merits no architectural
architectural plagiarism; but un-
comment, while Construction for
fortunately the editor lacked the
January is largely given to Ed-
stamina to drive this soft im-
ward & W. S. Maxwell's Art
peachment home by plainly na-
ming those responsible! Views Gallery in Montreal —
a care-
fully designed and well-executed
of the loggia to the Pietro
building that, however, appears
Massimi Palace in Rome; arti-
curiously deceptive in scale, as
cles on "Apartment-House" and
the exterior views entirely fail in
"Architectural" Furnishing, Garden Front, "Windham," Bryii Mawr, Pa.
suggesting anywhere near its
with characteristic old and new Percy Ash, Architect
real size. The same issue also illus-
interiors; and an old Greenwich Vil- (From "The American Architect")
trates Crawley Court in Hampshire.
lage street are interesting side-lights
on architecture —
while its "Textile
The October Quarterly Town Plan-
ning Review continues Mr. Adshead's
Origins" are now illustrated with
"UtiHtarian Furnishings of the City;"
Central-American examples.
treats of the development of Antwerp
The Western Architect for January
and Berlin the report of the First In-
gives some "Side-lights" upon the
;

ternational Congress on Town Plan-

Convention; reproduces the Great
ning, by Patrick Abercrombie, and
Northern Station at Minneapolis, and
the Third International Road Con-
Mr. Ittner's new Central High School Stable & Garage, " Windham," Bryn IMawr, Pa. —
gress, by S. D. Adshead with vari-
in the same city. Other illustrations Percy Ash, Architect

are of work of less importance

— (From " The American Architect ") ous minor departments, reviews,
and chronicles of the day.
but of generally eccentric design.
The December English Archi-
The American Institute Jour-
tectural Revie'w has an article, on
nal forJanuary epitomizes the
Venetian "summer villas" along
Twenty-fourth Annual Conven-
tion, and —
despite its assumed
the River Brenta —
concluded
in the January issue. The Lon-
role as protagonist of competi-
tions —
contributes the disclo-
don Club is the St. James, and
Mr. Gotch contributes an article
sure that Germany no more
is
on "Broughton Castle." The in-
successful than Massachusetts
stalments of "Painted Decora-
injuggHng with this professional
tion" for both months deal with
"hot potato"! By omitting
the Georgian period, and the
proper credit to architect and
plates illustrate all these sub-
designer in its illustration titles,
jects, including a sunken garden
this issue voluntarily groups it- House of Everett D. Chadwick, Winchester, Mass.
Warren & Smith, Architects at Balls Park, Hertford.
self with the popular
(From "The American Architect")
The invaluable depart-
non-architectural jour-
— ment on "Current Ar-
nals such as Architec-
chitecture" reappears in
ture and Building, Amer-
December, illustrating
ican Homes and Gardens,
William A. Pile's new
and others of their ilk!
King's College Hospital.
The Harvard Univer-
Lanchester & Rickards'
sity Architectural Quar-
Art Galleries in Bond
terly begins its second
Street, James Miller's
volume with September;
New Institution of Civil
and lectures by Charles
Engineers, Gotch & Saun-
A. Coolidge on "The
ders' Alfred East Art
History," and Herbert
Gallery at Kettering,
Putnam on "The Plan-
and W. Campbell Jones'
ning," of Libraries. In- House for C. 5. Waldo, Jr., Brookline, Mass.
Hongkong and Shanghai
serted plates show a J. Lovell Little. Jr.. Architect
32 THE. ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW
(From "The Builders' Journal," London)
Bank in Grace- tion of Delhi, its
church Lon-
St.. architecture and
don. The Janu- ancient cities.
ary number con- The plates in-
tains the second clude sketches in
article on "The Delhi and New
Palais de Jus- York ;
photo-
tice at Paris." graphs of Holme
and Nicholas Lacy, showing
Hawksmoor' s the new wing; a
Christ Church suggested com-
at Spitalfields, pletion of Som-
London, both erset House, by
with plate illus- Richardson &
trations. Gill; new addi-
The Architects' tions to the Uni-
and Builders' versity College
Journal on De- An International World Center at London; Mr.
Lrnest M. Hebrard, Architect
cember 3 1 shows Conrade's resto-
(rrom "The Builder." London)
English open-air schools, ration of the Temple of
some store fronts, and Athene at Athens, and a
small English cottages. county map of London.
On January 7 is pub- The section on "Civic
lished McKim. Mead & Design" deals with an
White's New York City old London Guide-book
Municipal Building, a of 1789. January 9
Public Hall at Leicester, continues the "Bronze
and the new Astoria Door" article, and shows
Hotel in the Avenue des Messrs. Williams & Cox's
Champs-Elysees, Paris; proposed new Children's
January 14, Professor Homes at Barnet. On
Reilly's Students' Union January 16 appear Mr.
at Liverpool, a new Bragdon's Rochester
building for the Societe Station and Andrews,
Generale, Paris; and the Jaques & Rantoul's new
premiated design for the Suggestion for Completion of Somerset House to the Strand, London Ipswich Bank. The
Bradford Town Plan- Richardson & Gill, Architects
plates include a Rome
(From "The Builders' Journal," London)
ning and Housing Competition. Scholarship design for a Tech-
January- 21 contains more of nical University and Mr. Good-
Professor Reilly's Students' hart-Rendel's proposed new
Union, —
in a rather heavy and Premises in Clive Street, Cal-
ornamental classical Greek cutta (which we reprint); Janu-
treatment, —
besides a lecture by ary 23, Mr. Louis de Soissons'
A. E. Richardson dealing with designs in the Rome Scholarship
English and American Colonial Competition, and Mr. Edwin
work; and, on January 28, ap- Cooper's Manchester Royal Ex-
pear M. Hebrard's International change; and the number dated
Central City, more views of January 30 reproduces from —
Professor Reilly's Students' American m.agazines several —
Union, and the charming views of the Princeton Graduate
College, the sketch drawings of

ij^
thatched cottage at Byfleet,
Surrey, by G. Blair Imrie. a Russian country house by Mr.
The Builder for January 2 is
the usual special New Year's
—
,:
'**'-_
II
Building for the Societe Generale, Paris
Baillie Scott, and the fourth ar-
ticle, with accompanying illus-
number including a descrip- J. Hermant, Architect
trations, on "Bronze Doors."
(From "The Builder," London) (From "The Architectural Review," London) (From "The Builders' Journal," London)

Proposed Premises in Calcutta. India Administration Block, King's College Hospital, London Students' Union, Liverpool, England
H. 5. Oxxlhart-Rendel, Architect William A. Pile. Architect Prof, C. H. Reilly. Architect
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW III

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THE APXHITECTURALT BATES fc GUILD COMPANY

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more interesting schemes
tural treatment of such a problem in one
harmonious style, carried out under the direc-
manship by which certain
illustrations
effects
have been obtained. The May
shown in the

selected from the fifteen sets invited in tion of one controlling mind and it can — added plates will continue to emphasize the
competition for the Pittsburgh Court House- certainly be said that no one better fitted by American series, for which we have nearly
City Hall; which is again a problem some- study, experience, and inspiration to deal enough material to fill these available plates
what similar in disposition to the sets of com- with this material than Mr. Bertram G. Good- for the remainder of this year.
petition drawings we published last Decem- hue could be found.
ber. They require no further explanation for The added plates will include six views Book Notes
our readers than that we have attempted to of English domestic architecture, by Mr. Frank Lloyd
Wright, Ausgefuhrte
select for publication within this number their Lutyens, Edgar Wood, Smith & Brewer, and Bauten, with appreciation by C. R. Ashbee.
most essential and important drawings; ele- R.S.Lorimer; and two plates of English eccle- 85" x 12". 141 pages.164 illustrations. 46
vations and sections being placed upon the siastical architecture, by Nicholson & Corlette plans. Price, $3.50.Ernst Wasmuth, Berlin.
plates, and the more important plans being so and G. Gilbert Scott. 191 1. This portfolio contains a fairly complete
related on the text pages as to provide a means and interesting showing of the principal work
of easy comparison. Either the April or the May issue will also done by this Chicago designer, in Chicago and
Our added plates include a showing of contain the second of the "Philadelphia Stone- its vicinity. Besides a large number of resi-
what many will consider Mr. Lutyens' most work" articles, quite as comprehensively dences,— many of which have been previously
distinctive and dignified dwelling, the Manor illustrated as the first instalment, published published but now here drawn together for
House of "Marsh Court." It is further indi- last December —but this time with con- the time, — the book also includes a
first
vidually interesting because it was the first temporaneous work, principally by American showing of the later Unity Temple at Oak
indication of a tendency toward formalism designers; while the text will give some defi- Park, the Dana House at Springfield, the
that has constantly been developing through nite instructions as to the means and work- comparatively unfamiliar Coonley House, at
this designer's later work, to the unfortunate Riverside, 111., the Gerts Bungalow. Michigan,
exclusion of the picturesque compositions by and a number of views, both exterior and in-
which he first became preeminent in his field. terior, of the Larkin Soap Factory at BufTalo.
"Marsh Court," in the minds of many critical Aside from the individual eccentricities of
observers of Modern English domestic archi- Mr. Wright's style, —
a number of which may
tecture, remains his best and most distinctive be considered as pure mannerisms, frequently
eft'ort in that direction. of undesirable structural relation to his de-
Through a mistake in binding, the plates of sign, — the volume contains material of un-
Mr. John T. Comes' St. Mary's Church at doubted suggestive value to an architectural
McKeesport, Pa., and MacLaren & Thomas' designer. It further possesses a certain rela-
Christ Church at Canon City, Col., omitted tion to the growth, or the development, of an
from the February number, are here included, indigenous style of architecture that should
along with Mr. Henry Vaughan's Adelbert not be ignored; while it aptly illustrates the
College Chapel in Cleveland, and Mr. Comes' fundamentals of what we have come generally
Church of the Holy Family at Latrobe, Pa. to term the "Chicago school" of architecture!
The leading article this month gives some Improvements of Towns and Cities, by
idea of the historic background necessary to Charles Mulford Robinson. 4!" x 7". 313
realize the possibilities of Glass Mosaic in pages. Price, $1.25, net. G. P. Putnam's
modern architecture, particularly devotional Sons, New York. This fourth revised edition
architecture, in America, illustrating the very indicates that the interest in this subject and
important modern works by Sir Edward the demand for such a treatise have been
Burne- Jones, Mr. George Breck, and Mr. and maintained during the twelve years since its
Mrs. Lamb, that have been executed in recent Study for Figure of " Love," from Lakewood Chapel, first publication. While much yet remains to
years in Italy and in America. Minneapolis, Minn., by Ella Condie Lamb be done in America before we
can equal here the results that
The April Architecinral Re' • Adelbert College Chapel HENPY VMJGMAN - ARCHITECT are a matter of daily accom-
N 3QUUI Domum Mam.
view plates will contain a CLEVELAnD OHIO- plishment and custom abroad
number of very unusual work- in the art of City Planning, yet
ing drawings showing the two a book of this sort remains
principal permanent buildings continually useful in helping
of an Exposition group in the to prepare the public for and
Spanish Renaissance style now break the way to the newer
under construction at San and more advanced points of
Diego, Cal. This plate illustra- view, in regard to the broad
tion will be accompanied by practical and aesthetic bases
a short article, with several of community improvement,
sketches, and photographs of upon which the art of City
minor details, already under Planning and development is
way or partially completed, essentially established. This
along with a plan of the Expo- treatise should continue to help
sition group and grounds. We interest the ordinary citizen in
believe this will illustrate the the possibilities, and econo-
first instance of an architec- mies, of such improvements.
IV THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

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The Architectural Review
Volume III (Old Series, Vol. XX) March, 1914 Number 3

Glass Mosaic for Wall Decoration

By Ida J. Burgess

only in quite recent days that glass mosaic has been re-
is this was dry it was a simple matter to remove the paper pat-
ITvived for use in wall-decoration. This is partly due to the tern from the wall, where the mosaic was left completed, ready
supposed great expense necessary for the execution of the to endure as many centuries as have those notable mosaics on
designs. The value and beauty of such decoration are now the walls of buildings in Venice, Ravenna, Palermo, and Rome.
beginning also to be recognized for their permanency as well. However, the apparent simplicity of execution does not solve
About fifty years ago all the difficulties of the
a method was devised work for the artist and
for applying the glass his assistants, as the
cubes, or tesserae, di- Edward Burne-
late Sir
rectly to the full-sized Jones found out when
cartoon as designed by he labored so hard to
the artist. By means of execute the glass-mosaic
paste these small cubes decoration for the walls
of glass of different col- of the American Church
ors were placed directly in Rome.
on the pattern of the The sizeof the deco-
cartoon, and when the ration itself often neces-
whole was finished it sitates a totally different
was taken to the build- manner of execution
ing, where, the wall- than that to which the
surface first having been artist is accustomed.
covered with a coating The distance at which
of cement, the pattern, the work is to be seen is.
with the face side against again, a matter of much
the wet cement, was study and experiment;
applied like a plaster not to speak of the
and the cubes pressed knowledge, gained only
Portion of Glass-Mosaic Wall Decoration, Church of San Vitale, Ravenna
into the cement. When By Byzantine Artists, 7th Century by practice, by which

The Virgins, Church of Sill i

i
nova, Detail, Head of the Empress Theodora in the Church Portion of Glass-Mosaic Wall Decoration,
Ravenna. Glass Mosaic of San Vitale, Ravenna Palatine Chapel, at Palermo
Byzantine Artists, 6th Century, for Lniperor Theodoric Worl< of Byzantine Artists of the 6th Century In Byzantine Manner by Italian Artists of the 2th Century
1

Copyright, 1914, by The Architedural Review, Inc.

34 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVIE.W

Glass-Mosaic Decoration over Apse of the Church of 5. Clemente, Rome Panel, " Love," Lakewood Chapel, Minneapolis
Executed by J. & R. Lamb

the Byzantine artists of Ravenna Comparing the mosaic on the

succeeded so marvelously in cre- walls of either San Apollinare
ating masterpieces of decorative Nuovo or San Vitale, in Ravenna,
color. It is simple enough to copy with the modern work on the ex-
in glass mosaic any colored picture, terior walls of St. Mark's in Venice,
as the work of the mosai cists of the one readily understands how com-
Vatican work-shops on the walls of pletely different in point of work-
St. Peter's, Rome, clearly demon- manship the ancient methods were
strates. But then we see, not a from those of to-day. Puvis de
decoration in glass mosaic, but a Chavannes was the recog-
first to
lurid copy, at exaggerated size, of nize this diiTerence, and his mural
an oil-painting —
nothing more. painting on the walls of the Pan-
Such work succeeds only in preju- Detail of Aml)one (Pulpit) in Church of 5an Domenica, Orvieto theon in Paris returned to the
dicing persons of refined taste earlier methods, as being the
against glass-mosaic decoration! only style suited to the expres-
Happily, there are those who sion of noble ideals.
recognize the handicap of mod- In the ancient process, it
em realistic treatment in the art is said the artist drew his full-

of glass-mosaic wall-decoration, sized figure compositions di-

and have eliminated the non- rectly on the freshly plastered
essentials, and by close study of wall, in rather pale colors, fol-
the technique of the early mosa- lowed immediately by an assist-
icistsarrived at a successful re- ant who pressed into the wet
vival of this enduring and really plaster the cubes of various col-
monumental art. ored glass, thus completing the
Practically considered, there work. It sounds very easy, and
isno decoration for public build- the early established conven-
ings that can compare with it in tions as to the colors for the
durability. Once those glass different parts of the flesh, hair,
cubes, holding all colors as well eyes, drapery, or background,
as various tones of gold and were given by the Greek teach-
silver in their luminous depths, ers to their pupils and generally
are securely attached to the adopted by monastery workers
wall-surface, nothing but the in Italy.
destruction of the wall itself can The Byzantine artists, directly
mar their beauty. No change inheriting from the Greeks, fur-
will be made in them by smoke nished early workers in mosaic
or grime; a cleansing with
little glass in Italy the patterns, the
a soft sponge in soap and water color-arrangements, and the
removes all accumulations of glass for their work. Whether
s<x)t or dirt, and the decoration or not this "Master's rule" was
shines again in its pristine based on a scientific color-
beauty. Mosaic Wall Decoration, One of the Chapels in San Vitale, Ravenna scheme, as modern artists now
 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW 35

claim their use dertook this last

of colors to be, work, executed
the ancients fol- from funds pro-
lowed the same vided by William
principles we in H. Harriman and
our time have J. Pierpont Mor-
adopted, and we gan.
cannot do better The wall above
than did they. this space, over
The chief objects the rose window,
represented in the is filled with mosa-
mosaics of Ra- ics representing
venna are in del- the Creation, with
icate hues. The the cities of Beth-
figures, clothed in lehem and Jerusa-
various tinted gar- lem at either side
ments, are reheved of the window just
against gold back- above the wall-
grounds in which space showing the
these various tones Nativity below.
are repeated in Ihe Nativity, West Wall of it. Paul's American Church, Rome Quoting from Mr.
small bits here and Designed by George W. Breck. Executed by Antonio Castaman, of Murano Lowrie's descrip-
there. Likewise, a touch of gold tion the mosaics on the
of
is found frequently in the gar- church fa5ade,he said: "In com-
ments, and all the figures have pensation for all the restrictions
a margin of purple, brown, or imposed by the mosaic tesserse,
lavender against the gold back- we have unique possibilities of
ground, softening the outlines splendor in the lustrous reflec-
which otherwise would be un- tions of glass and gold. In these
pleasant to the eye. From the possibilities lies the peculiar ex-
distance below, these gleaming cellence of the mosaic art. All
bits of glass blend and harmo- of the mosaics of the best pe-
nize perfectly. This cannot be riods are splendid, many of
said of modern Italian mosaic them gorgeous. Not to aim at
work, because in seeking to be such effects, or to fail to attain
realistic, the mosaicist has for- them, is to come short of ma-
gotten the rules of harmonious king a good mosaic. In this,
color-combinations consistently manifestly, Mr. Breck has not
practised in earlier times. failed."
The mosaics of Burne-Jones The decoration of Lakewood
in theAmerican Church at Chapel, at Minneapolis, Minn.,
Rome were, as Miss Sarah D. is probably the first complete

Lowrie has said, "a tremendous decorative scheme in dark green

task a man to undertake
for marble and mosaic glass, follow-
who . could not go to Rome
. .
ing the type of San Marco,
and see the church for which Venice, executed in this country.
they were designed, nor yet to This work, resulting from the
Venice, where they were made." combined efforts of two artists,
The cartoon which he dwelt — Mr. Charles R. Lamb and
upon with most love and labor his wife, —
reflects the results of
was the mystical design on the the study of early mosaic dec-
arch over the apse, which he oration on the minds of two
called "The Tree of Forgive- The Tree of Life and Clirisl Lnthroned, St. Paul's American Church, Rome American designers.
ness." It was planned by Dr. Designed by Sir Edward Burne-Jones. Executed by the Venezia Murano Co., of Venice The great blue dome, with its
Nevin (the first rector of the circle of winged angels, is by
church) and Burne-Jones to Mr. Charles R. Lamb, wherein
cover the entire walls of the he has made visible a scheme of
church with mosaics. Those of orientationby means of the col-
the great arch and the apse from or-arrangement, —
the deep blue
the designs of Burne-Jones have marking north and south grad-
been completed, some from car- ually changing in the angels'
toons made by his pupils after wings through all shades of del-
his death. Both William Morris icate rose, lavender, and pale
and Alma-Tadema worked on green, before reaching the brill-
these mosaics. Those most re- iant yellow marking the east
cently completed are on the west and west. The four pendative
wall of the interior, and were de- medallions of seated women,
signed by George W. Breck, an tjT^ifying various virtues, are
American artist of distinction, by Mrs. Ella Condie Lamb. The
for several years director of the richness of the execution is en-
American Academy in Rome. hanced by the introduction of
Mr. Breck already had the ex- mother-of-pearl shell, silver and
perience of mosaics placed on gold glass of various colors, to
Portion of the Uonie, Lakewood Chapel, Minneapolis, Minn.
the fajade in 1909, when he un- soften and unify the mosaic.
Designed by Charles R. Lamb. Executed by J. Sz R. Lamb
36 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW

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 THE. ARCHITECTURAL RLVIEW 37

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38 THE ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW

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 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 39

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40 THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

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 THE ARCHITECTURAL RE.VILW 41

The Architectural Review

stitute, realizing that such affairs" (i.e., competitions!)
"were of no
value to the owner and were injurious to the profession, slated the
principles which should govern the conduct of competitions. This
New Series, Volume III, Number 3
Old Series, Volume XX. Number 2
and improved from time to lime, was an excel-
statement, corrected
lentacademic treatise to which all readily subscribed, but to which
MARCH, 1914 no one paid any attention if, for any reason, he wished to enter a
competition. In fact, although all believed in it, few were willing to
put it into practice unsupported. To make the principles operative
it was necessary to make them
obligatory" (old page 6).
"The Institute, therefore, as a first step,
put itself squarely on
record as opposed to competitions on the ground that they were un-
THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW. Inc.
certain in their results and wasteful of time and money; but since
Henry D. Bates, President Arthur D. Ropes, Treasurer
they are sometimes necessary"— (page 7) (The "necessity," be it
Bates Si Guild Company, Publishing Agents observed, being forced —
in the Institute's experience not by —
144 CONGRL5S STREET. BOSTON the clamorous public representing the owner, but by the architect,
Published monthly. Price, mailed flat to anyaddress in the United States, $5.00 per annum, who (according to the Institute's committee!) loudly demandeth
in advance; to Canada, S6. 00 per annum, in advance; to any foreign address, $6.50 per annum.
in advance. Subscriptions begin with the issue following their receipt. Single copies, 50 to be fed on the thin nourishment of a competition diet!)
cents. Entered as second-class mail-matter at the Post-office, Boston, Mass., Nov. 27, 1891.
It has in the past, at least, been the Institute's theoretical
opinion that "/I Competition, when properly conducted, is a means
PLATE5 for the selection of an architect.
As an incident, a good preliminary
Plates XXI., XXII. —
Competition for the Pittsburgh Court
may sometimes
House-City Hall, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Elevations and Plan) — scheme be obtained, but the Institute is of the opinion
that competitions are in the main of no advantage to the owner. II
MacClure & Spahr, Architects.
recommends that, except in cases in which competition is
Plates XXIII., XXIV. —
Competition for the Pittsburgh Court
therefore
unavoidable" (because of the clamor of its own membership,
House-City Hall, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Elevations, Section, and
Plan) —
Rutan & Russell, Architects. forsooth!) "an architect be employed by direct selection upon the

Plate XXV. —
Competition for the Pittsburgh Court House-
sole basis of his fitness for the work" (this from page 11). The
City Hall, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Elevation and Section) — Institute used formerly also to advise the owner, from its expe-
Kiehnel & Elliott, Architects. rience, that " Cotn petitions are at best a slow and expensive method

Plate XXVI. —
Competition for the Pittsburgh Court House- of choosing an architect; and it is unwise to attempt to save either
City Hall, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Elevation and Section) — time or money by not having an expert adviser" (page 12). "This
Janssen & Abbott, Architects. form of competition" (i.e., "wide-open") "is very cumbersome, and
Plate XXVII. —
Competition for the Pittsburgh Court House- should be adopted only when the law requires that the competition
City Hall, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Elevation and Section) Rob- — shall be open to all who choose to take part in it" (page
14).
ert Maurice Trimble, Architect. There has, finally and also, been stricken from the publication
—
Plate XXVIII. ^Competition for the Pittsburgh Court House- the entire last article, printed in the preceding edition on page
34,
City Hall, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Principal Plans) Robert — under the heading of "Definition and Exceptions," as follows:
Maurice Trimble; Kiehnel & Elliott; Janssen & Abbott, "A Competition exists when two or more architects prepare
Architects. sketches at the same time for the same project.
"This
circular does not apply to competitions for work to be

UPON page we recently rendered appreciative recog-

this
nition of the frank, manly, and professional stand the
erected elsewhere than in the United States, its territories and
possessions.
Committee on Competitions of the American Institute of "If in a limited competition all competitors who are members of
Architects had obviously endeavored to incorporate into their the Institute sign a statement that the program
in accord with the
is
published competition code. This compliment now appears both 'Essential Conditions' of Article 18 of this circular, and an ac-
premature and undeserved, as, at nearly exactly that same time, ceptance of all responsibility, and send, before entering the competi-
the code was being revised; and as it now stands accepted by the tion, such statement and acceptance, together with a copy of the
convention in New Orleans it is shorn of much of its dignity, program, to the Standing Committee on Competitions and to the
independence, and strength. The grave importance of these proper sub-committee, no other action is required.
eUminations can hardly be better shown than by giving space "No architect who is employed to make sketches at the rate named
to their Hteral recapitulation here. Without them the intent in Article g of the schedule of charges shall be held as having taken
and meaning of the code are diametrically opposite to what they part in a competition."
were before; the present edition containing no slightest hint
that the Institute has "put itself squarely on record as opposed
to competitions"! —
that "record," whatever it was, appearing to CAN any member
icized phrases,
of the Institute read the foregoing ital-
now vanished from the fifth edition of its
have been washed away "cleaner than snow" in the flowing Competition Code, without wondering what deleterious
"Father of Waters" at New Orleans! From the Fifth Edition influence has, in recent years, been so gradually changing the
(issued January First, 1914) of the Competition Code have timber of themselves and their associates that they no longer dare
vanished all the following statements —
last found in the "fourth conform to these once proclaimed standards? If they have been
edition" of the previous year. Their elimination is the more approved by Institute members in the past, why should they
pointed as absolutely nothing else in the code has been changed have thus suddenly appeared to the mere minority present at
For several previous years, at least, the Institute has professed New Orleans as no longer necessary or desirable? One or two of
to believe that "Architects were led by many reasons to enter such these statements appear innocent and naive enough. They were
competitions. Some needed work and were compelled to take any obviously intended, at some time, to explain the custom of com-
chance to obtain it. Many
enjoyed the contest; some, the exercise of petitions (a custom which, believe us, requires explanation —
solving an interesting problem.
Architects have, however, learned both within and without the profession); to a certain further
that the outcome of a competition is largely a matter of chance, and extent they appear to have deprecated that custom and, notably
that the method rarely produces results in the building better than enough, even the Institute's one bold and daring moment,
those obtained by direct selection" (old pages 3 and 4). The com- in committing itself as being " squarely opposed to competitions,"
mittee also explained that "For certain work, especially that of a — has now been erased from the record apparently as too dras-
public nature, there may, however, be reasons for holding a compe- tic an act for our feeble and efi'ete generation, whose most daring
tition" (old page 4); while, further, it was frankly printed, as the ambitions seem unable to project themselves above this emas-
opinion of the committee and of their associates, that " The In- culated " fifth edition " of to-day.
42 THL ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW
(From "The Ameiican Aichitecl" (From "The American Architect")

Current Periodicals
A Review of the Recent American
And Foreign Architectural Publications

(From "The Western Architect")

a;;
fj&jut
B;il':|!:'gr» L--3nn-,_--3gr^"..:m.

lifPTllI I-

il^J^ * XL I *|L|L
1^ 3 -t
I
s;4
ail
^. *..

The Biltmore Hotel. New York Point Loma Golf Club, San Diego, Gal. The Biltmore Hotel, New York
Wanen & Wetnxxe. Aichitecls Waller S. Keller, Architect Warren & Wetmore, Architects
(From " Construction Details")
monththe photographically ments as we can recall —
the February
C>T bizarre and the editorially curious Western Architect contains two interest-
rather predominated in American ing branch libraries at Denver: one with
architectural magazines. We have there- rather extreme eaves overhang and over-
fore — as rather a welcome relief from emphasized height in the entrance fea-
the more serious responsibilities of this ture, by W. E. and A. A. Fisher; and
department !
—
seized the opportunity another, by J. B. Benedict. Samuel
to gamer four examples to place at the Crowen's small Chicago commercial
head of this March page; carefully and Bungalow, Claremont, Cal. building reproduces local brick manner-
Robert H. Orr, Architect
cautiously interspersing a thin meander isms more successfully than an apart-
of text to separate them from those selections of mere architec ment, from the same city. Trost & Trost are represented by an
tural interest that follow. Two grotesque curiosities of archi absurd house caricature of idiosyncrasies of " the Chicago school
tectural portraiture are the cari- (J'tf>m Thf* B'>'"t<"Kli''Ho
** and a Masonic Temple equally ex-
catures that top these columns. aggerating a similar building in
Other equally esteemed contempo- Brooklyn; while the Louisville
raries have managed to steer be- Y. M. C. A. displays a further un-
tween this Scylla and ihat Charyb- intelligent use, in combination, of
dis with saner pictorial representa- familiar elements. The most in-
tions than these; despite that the spiring section is a newly inaugu-
photographer's success in bettering, rated department of foreign review,
in the one case, the familiar high containing four or five virile prod-
forging prow of the Flatiron Build- ucts of the Modern German school,
ing and in visualizing, in the other, including two city railway-stations
the omniverous maw of that me- Oarden front. House at .Southampton, Long Island, N. Y. at Hamburg, and the monument at
tropolis "seeking whom he may F. [iurrall Hoffman, Jr., Architect Leipzig, that we reprint.
devour," mayhap merited this en- iVrrtm "Th*> RrVl-hliilH^r''^ The American Architect for Feb-
couragement ! ruary 4 publishes "London Notes,"
Further to display those animal illustrating a Manchester theater
characteristics with which the ar- already shown in The Architec-
chitectural —
as well as the human tural Review last May and July.
— visage may be endowed was The plates continue republishing
doubtless the reason for publishing well-known theaters, including the
this Western bungalow, whose Illinois at Chicago; with two newer,
double yawning caverns suggest its if equally commonplace, "Orpheum

near relationship to some new — Theaters" at Los Angeles and San

and more deadly —
rural species Francisco — with a natural re-
of the genus Arachnida; and, finally, sulting confusion between their
we reproduce a "publish in haste plate titles! Warren & Wetmore's
and repent at leisure" illustration Biltmore Hotel in New York City
in the Point Loma Golf Club; (February ii) is hardly flattered
which succeeds in discrediting, per- by misshapen illustrations exhibit-
manently and forever, the illu- ing exteriors of inconceivably ugly
sively worded Tingley campaign perspectival angularity; accompa-
advertising the physical beauties nied by interiors so poorly repro-
of that sequestered clime— or does duced as to exhibit no definite archi-
it merely show that, even there, tectural features —
of any kind.
"only man is vile"! "Some Church Furniture," Feb-
Besides the Point Loma Golf ruary 1 8, illustrates work from the
Club — about as bare and crude a Union Station, Norfolk, Va. New York Office of Cram, Good-
combination of unbeautiful ele- Stem & Fellheimer, Architects hue & Ferguson —much of which,
 THE, ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 43
(Ptoni "The Aichitccturrtl Record") (From "The Brickbuilder ") (From "The AichHeclmal Rncoid")

To

House at St. Louis, Mo.

Mauran, Russell & Crowell. Architects
{From "The National Architect")

" Graniatan Court," Bronxville, N. Y. "Gramalan Couil," Bronxville, N. Y.

Bates & How, Architects Bates & How. Architects

seven or eight years old, is accom- teriors; a New Haven house with
panied by studies, and photographs of porch balusters too delicate for its
chancels. The elevation of Hewitt & heavy arched window treatment; an
Bottomley's winning High School for eiTectively picturesque house at St.
Port Chester, N. Y., is so rendered as Louis, despite its cumbersome use of
to disguise its real fenestration; in- a "brick unit scale" for door and
evitably to be disclosed in the act- Conyer's Manor, Estate of E. C. Converse, Stanwich, Conn. window architraves; and an over-
ual building —
which result is appar- Donn Barber, Architect decorated and elaborate "patio" from
ently anticipated by the designers as likely to be less satisfactory! an otherwise excellent New York City house.
February 25 contains "American City Planning," Part X; an February Architecture shows the Yale & Towne ornate Re-
outmoded design of a Salt Lake City Office and Bank Building; naissance Exhibit room by LaFarge & Morris, and Bertram G.
an automobile accessory factory on the Charles River Bank at Goodhue's Chapel of the Intercession for Trinity Parish, New
Cambridge; a nervously commonplace stone and half-timber York City, interiorly embellished by a decorated timber roof.
house design at Montclair; and plates of Student Work. The Biltmore Hotel is yet again —
and pleasingly presented; —
The February Brickhuilder, in its "Architectural Renderers" a result toward which editor, photographer, plate-maker, and
series, deals with Alfred Morton Githens; publishes old ironwork printer have all collaborated, including an attractive and modest
from Baltimore; practical articles on "Lighting, Heating, and grill-room. We attempt to reprint, from very inadequate and poor
Ventilating;" and the more ornate portions of a New York City reproductions, the accepted Pittsburgh Municipal Building de-
house. The "Distinctive American Architecture" series seems sign, for comparison with those others we publish this month.
destined to treat of thoroughly familiar The Fehruary Architectural Record tardily
work —
now duplicating the Biltmore
(From "Arcliitecture ")
re-^fduplicates St. Thomas' Church illus-
Hotel, with plates better selected and re- tration becomes more and more mys-
(it

produced than some of its contemporaries. terious how these photographs partic- —
The Norfolk, Va., Union Station is another ularly of the interior —
were taken without
experiment — hardly as successful as at showing it crowded with busy photogra-
Detroit — combining station and office
in phers !
—
partially explained in this case as
building. The Somerville (Mass.) Library these views appear to have been taken after
is rather uninterestingly fenestrated, with nightfall!) Another article contains more
an odd arrangement of entrances. The "Gothic" detail, —
principally gargoyles
plates also contain a small fire-house in from the Woolworth Building; "Gramatan
Washington; a Long Island house of ex- Court," a rather novel apartment of terra-
tended design —
suggesting French deriva- cotta, is shown "before and after" com-

tion on one side and Georgian Colonial pletion; and a "German Housing Develop-
precedent on the other —
with dignified in- ment," the new Garden City at Hellcrau,
(From "Architecture") (From "Architecture")

Grant Street Elevation

nr J iLftD U

kS3. .ES'S?^ E

iJP :| J: : : : JU^

Lxterior. Clici|>cl ol the Intercession, Trinity FirstFloor Plan, Accepted Design, Municipal Building Chancel, Chapel of the Intercession, Trinily
Parish. New Yoric Pittsburgh, Pa. Palish, New York
Bertram G. Goodhue Cram. Goodhue
; & Palmer, Hornbostel & Jones and £. B. Lee, Architects Bertram G. Goodhue Cram, Goodhue
; &
Ferguson, Architects FerSuson, Architects
44 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
(From "The Architectural Review")
(From "The Buflder." London)
(From "The BuikJef." London)

Gilmour Hall, Students' Union, Liverpool

Rebuilding, Duchy of Cornwall Lstate,
Kennington Prof. C. H. Reilly. Architect
Adshead & Ramsey. Aichitecls
City,"
head's "Decoration and Furnishing the
is described and illustrated. An article on Duchy of Cornwall Lstate, Kennington Lamp Standards; the second of Mr-
dealing with
Glass Window-making" is accom- Adshead & Ramsey, Architects
"Stained
(From "The Western Architect")
Abercrombie's articles on Berlin; and other con-
by illustrations perpetuating the un- Antwerp,"
panied tributions on "The Development of
worthy precedent and sentimentality of the " Greater London," " Garden City Movements,||
"Tiffany school." "Country Housing and Town Planning Acts,'
Februar>- Construction Details publishes a "Book Reviews," and "Chronicle of Passing
"market" at Madison; a store building in De- Events," including various designs for the
Brad-
troit; and —
the most interesting part of the
ford Planning and Housing Competitions.
issue —
the Mission of San Juan Capistrano,
plan.
The Architects' and Builders' Journal publishes,
_

California, with a conjectural restoration February 4, St. Mary-le-Strand, and other

of
The Journal of the American Institute gives an- M Hebrard's illustrations of his International
other article on "Architectural Draughtsmen," Worid Center, including the Tower of Progress,
dealing with Charles Meryon's etchings.
Other " Royal
"Regula- and the Soane Medallion drawings of a
reprints are Mr. George McAneny's reproduces
Countrv Palace"; February 11, it
tion of Building Heights," and a Garden
City from
York & Sawyer's Guaranty Trust Buildmg,
paper read at the Housing Conference. including drawings and photo-
Germany our July number,
The National Architect for January publishes Monument, Leipzig,
graphs; February 18 starts, we hope,_
a
Bruno'JSchmitz. Architect
the group of boldly nervous Beaux- Arts (From "The Builder," London) serieson Irish Georgian architecture, with
stone-and-shingle buildings on the estate the Four Courts Buildings at Dublin;
and
of E. C. Converse at Stanwich, Conn.,
by reproduces Theophilus Han-
February 25
Donn Barber. sen's Academy and National
Library at
Construction for February is principally of
Athens, and states that the replanning
concerned with Burke, Horwood & White's that city is soon to be undertaken.
Central Y. M. C. A. at Toronto; followed The Builder for February 6 contains the
by a garden article, including many illus- Nottingham Municipal Buildings scheme,
trations reprinted —
without credit from — humorous sketches of "What Not ToJio"
American architectural magazines. at Delhi, and Tite Prize and Soane
Medal-
The February Architectural Review (Eng- lion designs; February 13 republishes the
lish) deals with Frank Brangwyn's etchings; Maxwells' Art Gallery at Montreal
New
Alfred Gotch's articles on
the second of and shows Mr. Frank Atkinson's Midland
"Broughton Castle;" a review of the " Paris Adelphi Hotel at Liverpool; February
20
Museum and Salon;" along with "Some reproduces Competition drawings for the
Accessories," including
Old-Time Lighting Manchester Royal Exchange, and the re-
chandeUers. The plates also Estate
several historic building of tl e Duchy of Cornwall
include Professor Reilly's Gilmour Hall, in at Kennington, by Adshead & Ramsey; and
the Students' Union at Liverpool; and a February 27 is devoted to Hospitals, illus-

house in Holland Park, by W. E. Marshall, trating plans and views of King's

College
woodwork in several rooms.
contains old and Mount Vernon Hospitals, Edward VII
The February Town Planning Review Sanatorium, Children's Hospitals, et al.
Mr. Ads- Soane Medallion. A Royal Palace in the Country
prints the twelfth instalment of Cyril A. Farey
First Prize,
(From "The Western Architect")
(From "The Builders' Journal." London)
Frfitn "The Veslern Aichitecl")

"
Railway Stalion. Hatcnlor, "
Hamburg
Soane Medallion, A Royal Palace in the Country
Station, " Schlump," Hamburg Emil Schaudt, Architect
Second Prize, H. Chalton Bradshaw
tmil Schaudt, Architect
 THE. ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW III

THE APXHITECTURAL' BATES fc GUILD COMPANY

REVIEW *MASTER,S IN
AP.T*g^ VAPJOUS BCDKS PUBLISHERS' 144 Congress street
BOSTON*Massachusetts

DEPARTMENT
WHILE —
petition
deprecating the evils of com-
as a means of obtaining
position.
P. Allen,
The bridge was designed by Frank
Director of Works, and Piccirilli
title,
lished
and the fact that this book was "pub-
by authority of the American Institute
workl — The Architectural Re- Bros, executed the models and figures. of Architects," the ordinary reader will prob-
view nevertheless gives its pages to their oc- ably be disappointed to find that barely five
casional publication, for it also believes that The publishers of The Architectural or six of the sixteen chapters have any direct
there are just two reasons for the existence of Review regret that the plans of Messrs. concern with architecture, while only two or
the competition; neither of which, however, Kiehnel & Elliott for the Pittsburgh Court- three of these chapters deal directly with
justifies its continuance as at present con- House-City Hall Competition, reproduced in either Chartres or Mont St. Michel. To those
ducted. One is the undoubted training it pro- the March Review, did not also give credit readers interested in the historic and local
vides for those who compete —
a particularly- to Prof. Henry McGoodwin, who was asso- background of these buildings, the book will
valuable matter when the architect, young in ciated with them in this competition, and be of the greatest interest, inasmuch as it has
his profession, has in the ordinary course of whose name should have been placed upon the to do with the politics, literature, theology,
his day's work to deal with small and unim- drawings with theirs. religion, history,and art of those periods that
portant buildings, while yet desiring to main- are concerned with the development of the
tain a familiarity with larger and broader prob- architectural styles that flowered, perhaps to
lems. Secondly, as a means of general educa- Book Notes. their best and most perfect and interesting
tion to the profession at large, by providing Building Details, Part XII. Drawn and forms, in these two typical structures. The
them with opportunities to compare those dif- published by Frank M. Snyder, New York. major portion of the volume deals with the
ferent solutions of the same problem arrived Price, $3.00, net. The latest issue of this in- Song of Roland; the various miracle stories;
at by their rivals or contemporaries. The first dispensable architectural'publication is almost the religion and customs of the Courts; with
reason justifies the competition, as it might be exclusively devoted to two subjects. The en- the history of the Mystics, the life of Abelard
— but, as yet, is not, —
conducted by the trance to the Little Theater in New York City, St. Thomas Aquinas, and other details in-
Beaux Arts Society, —
providing it would be comprising four plates, and the lower three timately concerned with the time that pro-
concerned less with rendering, and more stories of the Venetian Gothic facade just ofT duced the architectural forms, glass, and
with such problems of plan and design as Broadway on East 44th Street, known as the carving that have existed until to-day. This
actually arise in connection with the prac- Wetzel Building, the latter an unusual de- information would have been furthered if the
tice of well-known architectural firms. The sign in brick and terra cotta. The exception illustrations had been greater in number. The
second reason we believe justifies our occa- is one plate given to three types of old iron introduction informs us that this is a reprint
sional publication of a selection of the best railings. The issue thus becomes of less gen- of a volume already privately printed but not
or most varied designs submitted in these eral application than some previous numbers. before available to the general public.
competitions —
as was the case with the A somewhat unfortunate emphasis is placed Thomas Jefferson as an Ajjchitect and
Hamilton County Court-House last Decem- upon the Little Theater entrance which, A Designer of Landscapes, by William
ber, with the Pittsburgh Court-House-
or studied in the particularity of detail that this Alexander Lambreth and Warren H. Manning.
City Hall Competition last month. Another exhaustive illustration provides, appears less 7^" X 11". 168 pages. 44 illustrations. Price,
— and a very exceptional —
reason permits successful and commendable a Colonial type $10.00, net. Publisher, Houghton, Mifliin &
us consistently to call attention to the com- than appears from a casual examination. In Co. This volume, besides a frontispiece of Jef-
petition inaugurated for the Australian Cap- Plate 112, for instance, the key and block at ferson, contains twenty-two pictures through
itol Building at Canberra. Without particular the spring of the arch are altogether out of the text, and as many plates. It deals with
regard to the details of the program, it places scale with the remainder of the stone-work at the work of Jefferson in these two directions,
itselfwell above the ruck of such documents the entrance, and extravagantly out of rela- and quotes from memoranda, journals, and
by boldly raising the standard of originality tion to the delicate woodwork enclosed. While drawings. Except the cover-design, the vol-
and appropriateness in design. This competi- this opportunity to study the relation between ume is typographically tasteful. Unfortu-
tion therefore becomes less a contest in solving cause and effect will be valuable to many nately only Monticello and the University of
the incidental requirements of a comparatively architects, one is rather afraid that the gen- Virginia are illustrated, with the single excep-
hackneyed problem than in the realization of eral effect throughout the country will be less tion of Farmington. an alteration to an old
a new type of architectural design. That this fortunate, because of the architectural tend- Virginia farmhouse. The added plates are
qualification tends to eliminate most architects ency to literally reproduce or unintelligently reproductions from letters and note books,
in,and many out of, America is undoubtedly copy precedent provided in so exact and defi- sketches, and detail drawings. While this ap-
tobe regretted. With that national defect in nite a published form. The exaggerated atten- preciation of the abilities of Jefferson is grate-
mind, we venture to appear as protagonists for uation of the columns, wood and stone, the ful, — andshould undoubtedly be of educa-
this competition. May its novel environment absurd base molding of the interior pilasters tional interest and value to the ordinary reader,
so stimulate the unused brain-cells of the ar- shown on Plate 113, for instance, are among — the architect cannot help but wish that
chitects of America that they may come to the unfortunate precedents an architect re- other and less well-known authentic work of
think sanely, fundamentally, and broadly on mote from an opportunity to study true Co- Jefferson might have been included, and also
basic essentials of the art of building design, lonial detail might elect to use as an example. that the illustrations interspersed with the
and so obtain for themselves both of the ben- The details provided of the Venetian Gothic text should have been presented in a clearer
efits that we have advanced in our argument facade are interesting and valuable, and the form than the rather vague half-tones in
for competitions that head this column! draughtsmanship and arrangement of the which they appear. Mr. Manning's contribu-
The permanent buildings of the Panama- plates remain as superb as ever. tion on Jefferson's abilities as a landscape-
California Exposition group, shown in this Mont St. Michel .\nd Chartres, by designer treats of an even less-known asjject,
issue by working drawings, are by Cram,
their Henry Adams. 8^"xio." 401 pages, 13 illus- which has its own special interest. The whole
Cioodhue &
Ferguson, Architects (New York trations,and 10 cuts in the text. Price, $6.00, volume appears to be intended rather for the
ofTice), while Mr. Bertram G. Goodhue is the net. Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston, 1913. general reader than the student in search of
Advisory and Consulting Architect to the Ex- Despite the architectural suggestion of the exact architectural information.

o •
IV THE ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW

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 The Architectural Review
Volume ill (Old Series, Vol. XX) April, 1914 Number 4

The Buildings for the Panama-California Exposition

5an Diego, California
Bertram G. Goodhue
Advisory and Consulting Architect to the Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, 1915

THE Panama-California Ex-

position, which the offi-
is
would remain as a
entire tract
park and show-place to benefit
cial title of the celebration permanently the community.
more popularly known as the This, of course, particularly
"San Diego Exposition," in- applies to the natural develop-
augurated in 1909, has been de- ment of the
tract; while the
veloped with unusual far-sight- buildings, besides conforming
edness on the part of its pro- to one characteristic and ap-
moters. They were first un- propriate style of architecture,
usually fortunate in selecting a are also, generally, being so con-
site so naturally interesting as structed and designed that, be-
Balboa Park, a fourteen-hundred ing built of durable materials,
acre tract of land, for the Exposi- they can later be utilized as
tion grounds. This site, only ten museums, art galleries, audito-
minutes' distance from the busi- riums, etc. The California State
ness section of the city, stands Building, for instance, will re-
three hundred feet above the main as a State Institution for
sea-level, dominating the city the dissemination of information
and the bay, an ideal site for on California and her natural
both park and exposition pur- and business resources, and so is
poses. The light on the dome of built of reinforced concrete, that
the California State Building, it may safely be used as a de-

five hundred feet above sea- pository for historically valuable

level, will be visible for one hun- and rare material.
dred miles at sea. It was de- The principal approach to the
termined, at the very start, to "^ grounds is across a big seven-
)MfN1STRAT|0N
make the construction of the va- arched bridge over a ravine
BIJILDmfi.ANDTHE CAUFOBNIA 'STATE BlULblNG'
rious buildings as nearly durable through which flows a water-
as was possible, so that the Preliminary Sketch, Administration ancfCalifornia'State Buildings course of considerable size. Be-

^ ^ ^ ^

'-f^^SS

INTLRIOK. COUHT OF THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING

Preliminary Sketch, Interior Court of the Agricultural Building

Copyright, IQ14, by The Architectural Review, Inc.

d
46 THE. ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW

neath this great Cabrillo Bridge the of unusual variety and great extent. In
stream has been widened to make a one portion, that section devoted to
small lagoon, which reflects the arches, Southern California, it is proposed, for
towers, and dome of the CaUfornia per- instance, to have seven hundred orange
manent group. The Exposition end of trees of bearing-age as an exhibit of one
this bridge is spanned by a florid gate- of the principal products of the State.
way, through which one passes into a It is not often that an Exposition is
small plaza, bounded at the right by undertaken in such a forehanded way
the Fine Arts Building and at the left that if permits of developing a com-
by the permanent State Exhibition pletely related architectural scheme.
Building, the two principal structures Something of this sort was true of the
pro\-iding the artistic and architectural East Indian Exposition in England; but
key to the entire Exposition develop- no instance is recalled in this country,
ment; and it is these two buildings and since the Court of Honor of the World's
their details that are particularly shown Fair at Chicago, where such consistency
on the plates of this issue. Being the has been attempted or maintained. i Cer-
first portion of the E.xposition to be seen tainly, there does not come to mind a
from the long approach along Laurel single case where the entire development
Avenue, this group is most important in of such an exposition group has been
striking the architectural key-note for placed in the hands of one designer. At
the architecture of the Exposition. This the San Diego Exposition Mr. Bertram
small plaza has its arcaded cloisters. G. Goodhue was requested to control the
pro\nding those deep shadow-reveals entire architectural scheme, — at least so
characteristic of much Spanish work, so far as it applied to the principal struc-
effective in contrast to the dazzling sun- tures to be erected, — a peculiarly fortu-
light of a southern clime, and almost nate selection, as Mr.Goodhue has long
equally grateful in providing pleasant been familiar and sympathetic with the
reUef from the heat of the noon-day sun type of architecture that was deemed
in Southern CaUfornia. The general most appropriatefor these buildings;
scheme of the Exposition is shown in the ever since the time, years ago, when he
small sketch -plan reproduced herewith, accompanied Sylvester Baxter to Mexico
which suggests something of the natural to discover and collect material for an
Tower on Southern California Building
contours of the site; and the effectiveness exhaustive illustrated work on the Span-
of the long vista from the entrance gateway to the crowning ish-Mexican architecture of that country; and he has, since that
focal point provided at the end of the avenue, at the other end period, occasionally employed this type of design with peculiar
of the Exposition grounds, by the heroic statue of Balboa. It —
sympathy and success, including especially two or three churches
displays as well the arrangement of the principal buildings in a in Cuba, the Canal Hotel at Luzon, and a brilliantly designed Re-
series of disconnected, yet related, plazas maintained throughout naissance house at Rye, New York. One of the obvious reasons
the Exposition' group. for selecting this architectural type for the San Diego Exposition
The climate of San Diego will make it possible to surround buildings was that it had already found a local habitat in the
the buildings with a luxuriant growth of tropical vegetation and nearly adjacent cities of Mexico —
and developed an even more
turn the entire Exposition grounds into an horticultural exhibit typical North-American expression in the old missions established

Block plan, Panama-California Exposition, .San Diego, Cal.

 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 47

Don Sebastian Viscaino Coat of Arms, State of California, East Gateway, Permanent Exposition Group Fray Junipero Serra

along the Camino Real of California. This type of architecture while the photograph of the Tower, from the Southern Cah'fornia
has, too, a peculiar appropriateness to exposition design, permit- Building, cleverly carried out in concrete colored in imitation of
smooth, unadorned plas-
ting, as it does, of large, plain surfaces of Spanish tile, indicates how inexpensively some of the efTects are
ter,broken by irregularly disposed and often elaborately decorated being obtained; as well as how much more successful should be
door, window, and balcony openings. Its sky-line may be appro- the principal buildings, where far superior workmanship is being
priately diversified with domes, towers, and turrets of the most required. The two or three preliminary pencil studies, and the
brilliantly available color decoration in tiled surfaces, of which views of work in progress that are here reproduced, in addition
Spain, Mexico, Madeira, and the African Mediterranean coast to these plates of working drawings, are submitted as suggesting
supply thousands of precedents. For once no rehance is to be the attractiveness of the architectural groupings that will be
placed upon classical arcades or a uniform cornice line; and in- found around this exposition and in its grounds. The principal
stead is substituted irregularity of sky-line, brilliant contrasts of buildings have all been inspired by Spanish or Mission prece-
sunlit and deeply shadowed areas, boldly modeled ornamental dent. The Home Economy structure follows the lines of the Mex-
units and glowing color, —
all interspersed with and broken by ican hacienda of the Conde d' Heras; the Arts and Crafts Build-
the luxuriant vegetation so bountifully provided by nature. ing was adapted from the Sanctuario de Guadaloupe at Guada-
The modeling of Spanish Renaissance ornamentation is easy, lajara, Mexico, —one of the earliest buildings, upon which many
once the general composition determined, as this style adapts
is of the Mexican missions were modeled; the State and Education
itself readily to many flowing decorative embellishments covering Building resembles the Cathedral at Puebla Mexico; the build-
the field around and between the more important architectural ing for Agriculture and Horticulture, the largest of the group,
motives with which the ornament is utilized. The two or three was suggested by the great 18th-century monastery at Queretaro,
reproductions of modeled details and subjects for statuary Mexico, and the tiled dome of the CaUfornia State Building is
groups indicate how well this part of the work is being executed; similar to the dome of the Cathedral at Oaxaca.

General View, San Diego Exposilion Buildings and Bridge Approach, from Water-Color Drawing by Jules Guerin
48 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RE.VILW
THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVIE.W 49

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52 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
 THE. ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 53

view with the architect in making his conclusion as to the de-

The Architectural Review sirability ofemploying that architect to do his work. It is quite
conceivable that the interchange of idea brought about in dis-
New Series, Volume III, Number 4
cussion between the two will do more to prove the fitness of the
Old Series, Volume XX, Number 4
architect to satisfy the requirements of the owner than the
APRIL. 1914 sketches he will later be able to produce. It is more than likely
that a short interview between architect and owner, accompa-
nied by a few offhand sketches on the part of the architect, will
serve all the owner's necessities in showing a grasp and appre-
ciation of his problem, and so save all the unnecessary labor and
waste of time and money enforced upon the architect to make
THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW. Inc.
the far more pretentious studies and sketches necessary to con-
Henry D. Bates, President Arthur D. Ropes, Treasurer
form with any formal program, no matter how simple. If the
Bates & Guild Company, Publishing Agents Institute seriously desires to encourage the owner to pick out
144 CONGRL5S 5TRLET. BOSTON an architect,- and tiol to "select a plan,"— they should endeavor
Published monthly. Price, mailed flat to any address in the United States. (5.00 per annum, to remove all obstacles between a personal interchange of opin-
in advance; to Canada. $6.00 per annum, in advance; to any foreign address, $6.50 perannum,
in advance. Subscriptions begin with the issue following their receipt. Single copies. 50 ion between the two principal parties to the contract, rather than
cents. Entered as second-class mail-matter at the Post-oflice. Boston, Mass.. Nov. 27, 1891
to impose additional obstructions, as has been the progressive

PLATES tendency of its competition code.

Plates XXIX. — —
XXXVI. Permanent California State and
Fine Arts Buildings (Plans, Elevations, Sections, and De-
tails) —
Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson, Architects, New York
HOW his
little prepared the ordinary architect is to safeguard
somewhat equivocal professional position, in a strictly
City. Panama California Exposition, San Diego, California, legal aspect, from any not over-particular sub-contractor,
1915. Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, Advisory and Consulting has been illustrated by a recent case: where a sculptor —
to wit,
Architect. one Hugh Cairns —
was able to force from an architect the pay-
ment of a claim contested by the owner. No pretense was made
month we quoted upon
LAST
stricken from the edition fifth
this page the statements
of the Institute "Competi-
but that the work was delivered to the client, and that the sub-
contractor estimated it from drawings bearing the client's name
tion Code" at the New
Orleans Convention last year. in the office of the architect; but the contractor's claim appeared,
As these changes radically affect the business practice of all legally, entirely to hinge upon the fact that, despite references in
architects, — whether members of the Institute or not, — it seems correspondence between the architect and the sub-contractor to
probable that the mere fraction present at that convention (less the client, the authorization upon which the contractor had
than a tenth of its membership; less than two per cent of the gone ahead with the work was an ordinary letter of acceptanec
profession in America !) may have taken action without that care and instructions, including those for delivery to the client,
and deliberation expected by its members and associates. Let us signed by the architect, —
and that the sub-contractor had later
analyze the effect of one omission alone, selecting the last sen- received further instructions in connection with the progress of
tence in the last article of the fourth edition, which reads: "No the work, in the same form, and signed in the same fashion.
architect who is employed to make sketches at the rate named in All this is undoubtedly the ordinary unbusinesslike process
Article g of the schedule of charges shall be held as having taken in use in many —
if not most —
architectural offices. Even a
part in a competition." printed contract form of acceptance, despite its formal arrange-
The removal of this final sentence makes it unprofessional for ment, does not ordinarily provide for anything else than the
an architect to render drawings or studies, on the request of a architect's own signature at the bottom; whereas it would ap-
chent, for which his regular fee is to be paid, when other archi- pear that the only safe and legal way for the architect to avoid
tects are employed by the same client making sketches for the personal responsibility for such authorization and instructions
same piece of work under the same agreement unless all the — as he has continually to execute in the course of his business is to
elaborate machinery of the Institute's regular competition code sign all important letters —
most certainly all those concerned
is evoked to approve a complicated program, by means of which with the letting and authorizing of contracts —with his own
these same architects will be forced to provide the same studies name for the owner as agent, or with the owner's name placed
for the same owner for the same work WITHOUT PAY! The re- above his own. Even an explicit statement in the body of the letter
moval of this clause makes it impossible for an owner having, for to the effect of his being authorized by the owner to accept such
instance, a small house to do, and hesitating between two or three estimate, or order such work, does not seem legally entirely to
available architects, to employ them to make sketches for his clear him from responsibility, as the records now stand.
house at one per cent of its estimated cost —
at the same time. Restated in ordinary forensic language, it reads as follows: —
It does not prevent him, however, from taking several additional From Huffcut on Agency, nth ed.:
—
weeks or months —
to achieve the same result by going to these ^181. "Where an agent enters into a contract on behalf of his
architects one at a time, proposing this arrangement: receiving principal, he may bind the principal, or himself, or both. ..."
the sketches from one architect (and remunerating him for them) ^182. "Where an agent acts within the apparent scope of his
— when he is entirely at liberty to employ the next architect authority for a disclosed principal, and contracts in the name of
under the same agreement! As the Institute Competition code that principal, the latter alone is bound. ..."
leaves the owner the final decision in the selection of an architect, ^[197. "If an agent contracts personally in a simple written
and does not impose upon him the decision of the jury (even if contract, he is personally liable even though his principal is dis-
he should decide to have these same architects compete for him closed and may, at the option of the other contracting party,
for nothing under that cumbersome arrangement!), its reasons for also be held Hable. ..."
forcing him to expend his money in hiring a professional adviser "There is one rule, well established by authorities, and de-
and jury, in order to comply with the code, instead of paying fined with a good degree of certainty, which is appUcable to this
the individual architects whom he selects to make studies for case. It is this, that although an agent is duly authorized, and
him, may seem worthy of investigation by those of its members although he might avoid personal liability by acting in the name
whose right to earn a living by the practice of their profession and behalf of his principal, still, if by the terms of his contract
they thus see taken from them. he binds himself personally, and engages expressly in his own
It is quite conceivable that the owner considers himself and — name to pay, or perform other obligations, he is responsible,
with good reason! —
able to state his case to the architect as though he describes himself as agent." —This latter from so
well as the professional adviser. It is quite conceivable that great an authority as Chief Justice Shaw of Massachusetts in the
the owner to a great extent depends upon the result of his inter- case of Simonds vs. Heard. 23 Pick. (Mass.), 120, 125.
54 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
(Fiom "Aichitecture") (From "The American Architect")

Current Periodicals
A Review of the Recent American
And Foreign Architectural Publications

(I rom "The American Architect "j

Library of Hawaii. Honolulu

Henry D. Whitfield. Archrlect
Masonic Temple, San l.-^n^isco, Cal. (From "Architecture") Children's Court Building. New York City
Bliss & FaviOe, Architects Crow, Lewis & Wickenhoefer, Architects

ONXE more finding the principal illus-

month's American
trative interest in a
contain
houses —
an interesting collection
however, rather unequal merit.
of,
of brick

architectural magazines in the dwell- For instance, those by Cope & Stewardson
ings, a large group of interesting domestic include so charming and attractive a use of
work accordingly reappears on our Current English vernacular motives as the St. Louis
Periodical pages in this issue. dwelling for Mr. J. Lionberger Davis, imme-
Architecture for March illustrates a trio of diately followed by the old-fashioned, stilted,
attractive English sign-posts, a private city and inappropriate Thompson house, in the
garage, the Pierce Arrow Service Building at same locality; while the same designers'
Long Island City, a New Haven club-house dwelling for J. D. Davis is a good instance of
by Kenneth Murchison, San Francisco's Philadelphia brick-Colonial architecture, with
Masonic Temple by BHss & Faville, and Mr. son":ething of a Georgian aspect added, and
Joy Wheeler Dow's really attractive and old- the rambling Brookings house has every ap-
fashioned meeting-house at Summit, N. J. pearance of a country casino or club-house.
This Masonic Temple is an interesting experi- The smaller Wallace dwelling again reverts to
ment, which —
depending entirely on these Philadelphia precedent, although handled in
photographs for our impressions neverthe- — Unitarian Meeting-house, Summit, N. J.
a free fashion that greatly helps adapt it to
less apparently suffers from undue contrast Joy Wheeler Dow, Architect its informal site. Mr. Howard Shaw's Her-
between small and delicately orna- (From "The American Architect") mann house at Glencoe is typical
mented openings and large, bare, of his type work, while La
of
and unadorned white wall-surfaces Beaume & Klein's Shepley house
— the result seeming cold and at St. Louis is a straightforward
regrettably "bath-tubby" in ef- brick treatment —
with perhaps
fect. Two or three attractive too much emphasis placed upon its
smaller houses, including two de- patterning. Two houses by Diih-
signs by Bates & How, are also ring, Okie & Ziegler, both near
illustrated. Philadelphia, are also printed; of
The March Brickhuilder con- which we prefer the Colonial sim-
tains an article, with illustrations, plicity and directness of the Will-
by Alfred Hopkins, on "Modern iamson dwelling, particularly for
Farm Buildings;" much of which locations in American suburbs.
is reproduced from his book of the The Archilectural Record for
same name. The renderings of Helps' Cottages, C. A. Coffin Estate, Locust Valley. March publishes a house at
Mr. Donald Robb in the — Howard Greenley, Architect
L I.
Oyster Bay by Stephenson
originals appealing largely (From "Architecture") & Wheeler, which is rather
from their color values — more consistently inter-
are illustrated; three pho- esting than the same archi-
tographs of Spanish de- tects' house at New Haven,
tails printed; Mr. Wade's Conn., published in the
articles on "Architects' same magazine a few
Offices" here describe two months ago —
October,
more New York instances; 1913 — many of the de-
while Mr. Randall Phillips tails being indeed excel-
writes on "Some Modern lently simple and re-
P^nglish Interiors." with a strained, while the garage
number of illustrations, and stable also present an
mostly already familiar; unusual and interesting
and the report of the Jury composition. The articles
of Award on the S7.500 on "Architectural Furni-
Brick House Competition ture" continue, along with
is included. The plates House at Sagamore Park, Bronxville, N. Y. an illustrated description
Bates & How, Architects
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 55
(From "The Brickbuilder
of"Hotel Tapestries" and libraries:one at Portland,
some illustrations of plas- Ore., with some very deli-
ter-house models. Warren cate carving; Mr. Tilton's
& Wetmore's Biitmore Somerville Library, and
Hotel is once again pub- Mr. Benedict's Denver
lished, the emphasis being Branch —
both the latter
now placed upon its inte- duplicating plates recently
rior details, and various published in other archi-
views of the Panama- tectural magazines. The
Pacific Exposition build- usual student Work fills
ings occur in the latter out the plate section.
pages. March 25 has a leading
The American Architect article on "Trellis as a
for March 4 is one of its Garilen Front, House of J. L. Davis, Esq. St. Louis, Mo. Garden Accessory," the
customary occasional se-
Cope & Stewardson, Architects
best illustrations being
potpourri reproduc-
of (From "The Brickbuildei ")
from French and German ex-
ries
tions from the Architectural amples; and the plates are
Club exhibitions, taken in this largely duplications of Messrs.
instance from the catalogue Bliss & Faville's already pub-
of the 29th Exhibition of the lished Masonic Temple at
New York Architectural San Francisco.
League. It reprints Mr. ^i^ik^JLi^ The Western Architect for
Dow's new Unitarian Meet- March has do
ing-house at Summit; the
west window of the Grad-
[uHU'Ouu principally to
with the work of George
Maher, and contains, besides
W.

uate College at Princeton many of his familiar dwell-

University; a perspective of Garden Front, House for Mrs. A. A. Wallace, St. Louis, Mo. ings, an Administration
Messrs. Crow, Lewis & Wick-
Cope & Stewardson, Architects
Building for a medical con-
(From "Construction Details") cern at Winona; the North-
enhoefer's carefully studied
Children's Court Building in western University Gymna-
New York City; Mr. Con- sium (which we believe has
nick's chancel window at already been shown upon
Bangor; along with sketches these pages, but of which we
for two or three improve- nevertheless reproduce a new
ments on Riverside Drive, detail);an Engineering Hall
new work in Beaver Park, for the same university; a
Albany, and for a civic center public school at Kenilworth,
at Denver —
ending with a 111.;and several new and less
group of sculptures, paintings, familiar houses of which—
and smaller dwellings. those for Mr. Seymour at
The issue for March 11 Chicago and Mr. Scarborough
illustrates principally the in- at Highland Park, 111., are
teriors of a London town perhaps the most typical and
house alteration by Mr. W. Residence for Mr.Sidney M. Spiegel, Winnelka, the most direct in design.
Gedney Beatty; and a small Lebenbaum & Marx, Architects The new department of For-
brick house at Atlanta, (From "The Architectural Record") eign Review illustrates
Ga., with detail rather too hardly as virile nor inter-
pretentious in type and esting designs as last
scale for its modest size. month, but provides an
March contains the
18 interior view of Mr.
final instalment of Mr. Bruno Schmitz' monu-
Schuchardt's "Observa- ment at Leipzig, and the
tions on the European direct and logical treat-
Housing Problem," in this ment of a store front that
issue with work-
dealing we reprint.
ingmen's houses at Essen. The National Architect
The plates show several Residence of J. A. Carver, Esq., Oyster Bay, L. I. for February devotes the
Stephenson & Wheeler, Architects
(From "The Brickbuilder ") (From "The Brickbuilder";

House of J. F. Shepley, Esq., St. Louis, Mo. House of Mrs. M. W. Williamson, West Chester, Pa.
LaBeaume & Klein, Architects DUhrin4, Okie & Ziegler, Architects
56 THE. ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
(From "The Wes»«n Architect ") (From " The Builder," London) (From "The Western Architect")

Lntrance and Light Standards, Store and Factory at Jaromer,

Gymnasium, Lvanston, IIL Bohemia
Geor^ V. Maher. Architect I Joza Gocar, Architect

entire issue to a commer- Design for a Public Square balanced illustration that
cial and unsanctified design M. Castei group has re-
interesting
for a Philadelphia apartment-house requiring no comment in ceived. The plates include all these subjects, a new London
this — or any other — architectural paper. building by Gerald C. Horsley, and the simple, but distinctive,
The Journal of the American Institute of Architects for March, vicarage of Italian character by Adshead & Ramsey that we
besides the usual comment and contributions, includes some reproduce. Perhaps the most interesting pages are those review-
illustrated "reminiscences" of the New Orleans Convention, ing the recent volumes on Mr. Lutyens and Mr. Piatt, where
some marine paintings in the New York Custom House, and one the inevitable comparison is instructive to American readers
—
or two reproductions of Mr. Hebrard's "International City," because of the "British" peculiarities of its point of view.
already commented upon in this department. The Architects' and Builders' Journal for March 4 reproduces
March Construction deals principally with small houses, of the Duchy of Cornwall Estate buildings, published in The Builder
which the suburbs of Canadian cities contain a great variety. last month; March 11 describes the competition for King's Cross
The issue closes with an article on "The Garden City Move- Station, and March 18 publishes a Georgian house at Richmond
ment," with some t>'pical and generally familiar illustrations. Hill, Surrey, other plates being mostly of archajologic interest;
Construction Details for March illustrates the Butler Brothers and March 25 reprints the Messrs. Maxwell's Art Gallery m
warehouse in Minneapolis and a city natatorium and engine- Montreal, six designs in the New York Court-House Competi-
house by Harry W. Jones; with an attractive plaster house at and Mr. Cass Gilbert's Minnesota capitol.
tion,
Winnetka, 111., by Lebenbaum & Marx, that we reprint. The Builder for March 6 publishes Mr. George Hubbard's
The Harvard Quarterly for December contains two unusually brick Georgian almshouses at Nottingham, and the fifth instal-
interesting and practical, as well as valuable, articles: one, by ment on "Bronze Doors;" March 13 contains a review of Mr.
Mr. Charles W. Killam, on "The Relation of a State-Wide Lutyens's book, some French prize drawings, including M.
Building-Code to Housing and Town Planning;" the other being Castel's grandiose "public square," shown above, and German
three lectures by Mr. R. Clipston Sturgis dealing with the school- town plans and housing developments. March 20 shows new and
house problem, accompanied by a number of illustrations of pub- old shop fronts; the Little Theater, Adelphi, London; houses by
lic and private schools in
^P^^^^ ..^f,^ Architectural Review." London)
Ernest Newton, Mr. Good-
and about Boston. Ten hart-Rendel, and two work-
plates of measured and stu- ing drawings of the Theatre
dent drawings are inserted. des Champs Elysees, shown
The Architectural Review in our November issue.
(English) for March con- March 27 has Mr. Blom-
tinues the "Stucco Interior field's additions to Lockley 's

Decoration" and "London at Hertfordshire; a Nurses'

Clubs;" and also treats of Home by Walter Brierley,
the new Princeton Gradu- and several Architectural
ate College, the best- Association studies.

(Fiom " The Builder," London) (From "The Builder." London)

St. Anselm's Vicarage, Kennington, London

Adshead & Ramsey. Architects

(From "The Builder." London)

House, London, Lngiand Purey Cust Nursing Home, York, England Public Offices, Harrow-on-the-Hill
Waller Brierley, Architect Harry Prince. Architect
H. 5. CxxxJhart-Rendel, Archutect
 THL ARCHITECTURAL RE.VIE.W

^'S^s^ifis^

PUBLICATION OFFICL ADVERTISING OFFICE

144 CONGRL55 STRLLT
BOSTON. MA55. PUBLISHERS' 440 FOURTH AVENUE
NEW YORK, N. Y.

DEPARTMENT
the second of Mr. Joseph L. Heacock's merit.The English series of plates of Modern Mrs. Harry Paine Whitney has offered
INvaluable articles on Philadelphia Ledge- English Churches will be resumed shortly, prizes for the best painting, piece of sculp-
Stone Work, not only does he advance to but has been temporarily interrupted on ac- ture, black and white drawing, and poster on
the consideration of modern work based on count of the delay in obtaining some photo- "The Immigrant in America," hoping to se-
the historic material illustrated in the first graphs of work that are particularly being cure artistic expressions of the meaning of
December, 1913, Archi-
instalment, in the taken for use in The Architectural Review. America to the immigrant. The four prizes
tectural Review, but he also takes up those for the painting or piece of sculpture will be
practical questions with which the architect $500, $250, $100, and $50. For the best
interested in using masonry of this type will Of Interest to Draughtsmen black and white drawing and the best poster
be most concerned, including excerpts from A competition on a novel subject has been there will also be prizes of $100 each. The
specifications, and a careful consideration of initiated in the endeavor to secure appro- comjjetition will close November first, and an
the treatments of various stones, their joint- priate designs for street and building deco- exhibition of all the designs submitted will be
ing and pointing. Besides the illustrations in ration during the celebration of the 250th held in New York City from November 15
the text, the plates of this issue, in both the anniversary of the settlement of the city of to December 15. The contest is in immediate
line drawings and half-tone group, will further Newark, N. J., occurring in 1916. The Com- charge of the Immigrants in America Review,
illustrate the proper use and great variety mittee desires to obtain an harmonious and a board of nine judges will be announced.
obtainable from this material. scheme of color decoration for certain streets It is expected this contest will help awaken
The principal plates are given to the and the buildings facing upon them. The artisticAmerica to the portrayal of the posi-
Princeton Charter Club, a particularly at- competition, however, is open only to archi- tion of the immigrant in American life. All
tractive building of Colonial Georgian treat- tects or other designers residing in New Jersey, inquiries for information can be made to
ment, employing ledge stone rather than and closes October first. Four drawings, on Frances A. Kellor, 95 Madison Ave., New
brick for the exterior, and consistently util- sheets of 26 x 40 inches, are required, giving a York City.
izing Colonial detail throughout the interior plan of the entire scheme, with larger size de-
as well. The four American Country House tails, and including the lighting-scheme for Book Notes
plates include a house by Wilson Eyre & night decoration and a perspective of a ViTRUvius, Ten Books on Architecture,
Mcllvaine of peculiar distinction in its suc- "Court Honor," which are parts of the
of translated by Morris Hicky Morgan. 6f" x
cessful combination of brick and ledge stone problem. One sheet to be rendered in color. 10". 331 pages. 72 illustrations. Price, $3.50.
in simple, straightforward treatment, dis- The first, second, and third prizes are $500, Harvard University Press. Rather unex-
tinctively modern and American in type. It $300, and $100 respectively. The Committee pectedly, perhaps, this volume, aided by its
represents the best sort of insular dwelling de- on Parades and Decorations will be the sole careful selection of illustrations, proves to
sign, combining those merits of arrangement judge, but agrees to secure a disinterested have even a practical application and value
and composition derived from historic work, professional adviser or jury to aid in selecting to the architect of to-day. While some of the
along with the direct and appropriate use of these designs. Further information may be text deals with subjects that are now hardly
the material. obtained from this Committee, the Kinney considered necessary to the special training
In continuation of a policy inaugurated Building, Newark, N. J. of the architectural designer, yet neverthe-
spme time ago, this issue contains one of a This competition is undertaken with the less much of it is of surprisingly real interest,
series of distinctive modern houses
mod- of assistance of the New Jersey Chapter of the and there can be no doubt that any profes-
erate cost, which will be illustrated by — American Institute of Architects, indicating sional reader would benefit by a study of the
working drawings and photographs and — a new means of cooperation in rousing local ten books, complete, quite aside from the
appear at least as often as every other month civic pride and helping toward the aesthetic obvious archasologic interest of having at
during the next year. These houses will, in improvement of a community through a me- hand so easily handled and compactly printed
each case, be representative of the work of an dium of widely popular and visual appeal. a volume for this classical reference wort.
American architect having a repu- This should also help to make the
tation for successful dwelling de- volume appeal to many general
sign. The house in this issue, by readers, while the more they ben-
Mellor & Meigs, was also chosen efit by much of the information

because of its obvious reference to here set down, the better and more
our leading article. The houses rapidly may come about the de-
already selected to be included in velopment of our future American
this series comprise work by C. A. •
architecture. There remains, of
Piatt, Howard Shaw, Harrie T. course, somewhat the same danger
Lindeberg, and Charles Barton that now surrounds the reading
Keen. of Ruskin, in that such an un-
trained and ordinary reader will
not be able intelligently to select
Early issues of The Architec- the wheat from the chaff, as, after
tural Review will contain ad- all,much of this volume must be
ditional plates in the English read, comprehended, and, espe-
Country House Series, which will cially,applied in the light of more
be further supplemented by some recent knowledge and information
unusually interesting American than such an ordinary reader
work, especially in the line of would be likely to possess. Nev-
country houses, of which The Re- ertheless, it remains a work that
view has already accumulated a should be commended alike to
considerable number, of excep- the attention of the general reader
tional interest and architectural Plot Plan, House for L. T. Beale, Esq., St. Davids, Pa. and to the architect.
Mellor & MeiSs, Architects
VI THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

TUCKER-RICE PORTICO
at Salem, Massachusetts.
Built in 1807 of White Pine.
Samuel Mclntire, Architect.

Photo by Mary II. Northend, Salem, Mass.

THIS but one of many masterful designs of Samuel Mclntire

is

that have been preserved to this and future generations because

of the wonderful durability of

White Pine
The same quality of White Pine is still abundantly available today, as it
always has been, in all grades and in any quantity desired. If the lumber
dealers supplying your clients are at any time unable to furnish it, we
would appreciate the opportunity of being helpful to you in securing it.
The second number of the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs, published bi-monthly under
the personal direction of Mr. Russell F. Whitehead, formerly editor of "The Architectural Record" and
"The Brickbuilder," will be mailed October first. The subject will be "New England Colonial
Houses of the Eighteenth Century," with text by Mr. Frank Chouteau Brown.

If you are not receiving the monographs, and you feel interested in having them, kindly advise Russell F.
Whitehead, 132 Madison Avenue, New York City, who will be pleased to fiirnish you with the
second and all subsequent numbers.

Representing
Address, WHITE PINE BUREAU,
The Northern Pine Manufacturers' 18J^2 Merchants Bank Building, St. Paul, Minn.
Association of Minnesou, Wisconsin
and Michigan, and the Associated
White Pine Manufacturers of Idaho
 The Architectural Review
Volume III (Old Series. Vol. XX) August, 1915 Number 5

Ledge-Stone Work of Philadelphia and Vicinity

Part II. Contemporary Examples and Workmanship

By Joseph Linden Heacock

taking up the considera- them of his knowledge of the

INtion of contemporary work subject sufficiently to gain
we shall often note the in- their confidence and interest
fluence of the old work pre- they will sometimes cooperate
viously discussed; and while with surprising intelligence.
the hallowing effect of age It is the writer's experience
gives to the old a charm which that much better results will
the new must of necessity be obtained from any class of
lack, it is perhaps not too mechanics if the architect will
strong a statement to say endeavor to have them feel
that much of the later work that their cooperation is nec-
is being better executed than essary to the successful con-
the old. This good result de- summation of his design. It
pends in greatest degree, how- willpay to explain why cer-
ever, upon the knowledge and tain things are being done,
ability of the architect super- and thereby let them work
intending the work, as it is, understandingly rather than
unfortunately, the case that a Fig. 22. Garden Gate in Ledge Stone merely under orders. An ar-
great majority of present-day Mellor & Meigs, Architects chitect would probably refuse
masons have not the taste and to execute work for a client
idea of proportion and line under similar conditions of
with which we are wont to lack of knowledge and sym-
credit the artisans of former pathy, and the analogy is not
times. too far-fetched to be perti-
This is well illustrated by nent. In these days of criti-
a comparison of the charming cism of labor unions, strikes,
effect of the stonework in the and poor workmanship this
gateway designed by Mellor sentiment may be thought
& Meigs (Fig. 22) with the overly optimistic, but a trial
result obtained by the same of its effectiveness will at
mason when directed to dupli- least prove an interesting
cate this type of masonry. He experiment.
was, unfortunately, permitted An illustration in point is
to proceed with- Fig. 23. An Inartistic Use ot ttie Same Stone of an Italian ma-
out supervision, son who, when
and therefore he was shown
felt justified in how he might
exercising his improve the ap-
own judgment pearance of his
in improving work, split into
upon his model. small sections
The result, as the large, ugly
shown in Fig. blocks of stone
23, needs no delivered from
comment. How- the quarry and
ever, in justice so obtained the
to the masons, result shown by
it is fair to say Fig. 24 instead
that experience of that shown
shows that the by Fig. 25.
majority are While the first
anxious to do example leaves
good work; and much to be de-
if the architect sired, it is a
Fig. 24. Detail of Wall, Schoolhouse at Bristol, Pa. Fig. 25. Detail of Wall, Showing Use of Unbroken Stone
can but convince Heacock & Hokanson, Arctiitects
most obvious

Copyright, igis, by The Architectural Review Company

58 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

improvement over the lat- portunities the architect so

ter; and it is interesting to often has of developing
note that each of these ex- that which the mechanic
amples is executed of the has not been able to com-
same stone and by the same prehend. This stone had
mason. previously been used only
Another illustration oc- in some crude, unsatisfac-
curred in the construction tory rubblework; and its
of the bank shown in Fig. selection was due to the
26, on this page. While the architect's attention being
specifications for the stone- drawn to its rich color and
work were clear, the mason, good texture, as shown by a
a quaint old German, was narrow corner-draft cut in
not famiUar with the char- order to more easily plumb
acter of the work required, up the corners in the rub-
and failed to estimate prop- blework mentioned. Be-
However,
erly for its cost. lieving this stone would
after being shown some ex- give precisely the result de-
cellent examples of work sired, approval of its use
of similar character, and was obtained after a rather
being convinced that he strenuous argument, the
could accomplish an owners having many mis-
equally good result with givings as to its cheapness
rough ledge-stone, quarried and poor quality. The re-
from a near-by field, he be- sult,however, was one with
came so enthusiastic that which both they and the
— as he expressed — he
it architects were thoroughly
did n't care how much it pleased, the color-blending
cost him, he was going to of the ledge-stone and
make it the best job in the pointing with the limestone
town; and he succeeded so trimmings being especially
well that his pride in the satisfactory.
outweighed what
result far In practically all the
was perhaps a considerable following examples of
monetary loss. stonework, the writer is
One other incident in greatly indebted to the
connection with this build- authors of the designs for
ing will illustrate the op- their interest in selecting
Fig. 26. Jenkintown National Banic, Jenlcintown, Pa.
Heacock & Hokanson, Architects

Fig. 27. Details of House of Joseph L. Heacocic, Germantown,

Heacock & Hokanson, Arctiitects
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 59

for his purpose examples as the house —

could not
of their work which they be in better taste, and are
all individually felt were an exceptional example of
among the most satisfac- how well a house may be
tory executed by them. adapted to its surroundings
He feels that this should by the use of materials har-
give an added interest and monizing with both struc-
value to this discussion, in- ture and site.
asmuch as it thus expresses A somewhat similar ex-
the opinion of a number of ample, though one in which
men skilled in the use of the it was evidently the aim to

particular medium in which obtain a more unconven-

their selections are exe- tional wall-effect by the
cuted; while the choice of prominence and rough
examples, if made by one character of the f>ointing,
man, might well be ex- is seen in the Beale house

pected to reflect too at St. Davids, by Mellor &

strongly his personal tastes. Meigs (see Plate Illustra-
In the illustration of the tions). The stone here is
residence near Bryn Mawr similar to that in the
by Messrs. Wilson Eyre & dwelling previously men-
Mcllvaine (see Plate Illus- tioned, and in Fig. 4; but
trations), the local stone is the pointing-mortar has
used almost exactly in the been roughly applied with
same manner as in the old a trowel and brought well
Mennonite meeting-house out to the side edge of the
(December, 1913 —
Fig. 4). stones.
In addition, the unusual Another example of
use here made of brick for Messrs. Eyre & Mcll-
head, sill, and jambs of vaine's work, showing a
windows shows how 'nter- somewhat different and
esting a combination of very excellent type, is that
this material with stone of the Cooke house at
can be, and how beautifully Chestnut Hill (Fig. 28), in
in scale the two materials which a larger and longer
may be kept. The steps stone is used, giving more
in the foreground appar- — of the horizontal-line effect
ently of the same material ooke House, Cli
— and in which the point-
ce & Mdlvaine, Arclui

Fig. 29. House at Cynwyd, Pa.

Mellor & Meigs, Architects
60 THL ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW

Fig. 30. Detail of Ledge-stone Work, House in Germantown, Pa. Fig. 31. Detail of Ledge-stone Work, House in Germantown, Pa.
Heacock & Hokanson. Architects

ing is much less prominent, being kept well back from the face ing almost white,is often a very light gray, being a cement and

of the stone. sand mortar with an admixture of lime to give the desired lighter
In the case of the house in Germantown (Fig. 27) this incon- color.
spicuousness of pointing has been carried still further by the de- Since the purpose of this article is to illustrate how the mate-
\ice of merely raking out the rough structural mortar as deeply rialhas been used so that others may be assisted in obtaining
as was practicable (Figs. 30 and 31), omitting all attempt at similar results, an extract from a specification for work of this
pointing. From these two examples —
Figs. 27 and 28 it is — type may be advantageously introduced. The following, with
ob\'ious that it was the intention to obtain as great an effect of such changes as will suggest themselves to adapt the specifica-
stone and shadow, free from pointing-lines, as was possible. tions to local conditions, should be sufficient for estimating-
It may be interesting to note in Fig. 27 that the sills of the bay purposes:
windows are dressed from the same materials as the walls, and
also that the coping of the retaining-wall in the front is of similar SPECIFICATION FOR FACE-WORK OF WALLS
stone dressed to a uniform surface on the top. This is not only The face-work of stone walls above-ground to be of material known as "Blank"
an economical treatment, but one which in many cases is much stone, of best quality, from the "Blank" or other approved quarry. Stone to be

more pleasing than the use of dressed limestone, or any similar long and narrow, laid up in broken range, with top and bottom beds approxi-

formal material, would give.

mately level, but with end joints as stone works naturally —
avoiding, however,
an excess of vertical joints. Backing-stone to be from same quarry. All stones to
In another house at Germantown, by Messrs. Diihring, Okie & be laid on the flat or natural bed, and no edged-up stone will be accepted.
Ziegler, we have a good illus- The sentence regarding
final
tration of the method of stone- the "edging up" of stone is
laying which is so much used open to criticism, being merely
as to be generally recognized the writer's opinion in the mat-
locally as the "Germantown ter; as in perhaps the majority
type," the pointing being known of work of this type the bond-
as the Colonial, or "bam point." stones on the corners are edged
This type lends itself to the up, and unquestionably their use
Colonial style of house so much manner gives an emphasis
in this
in vogue, the broad white lines and variety to the corners which
of the pointing bringing the gray the flat bedded stone lacks.
of the stone into pleasing har- Many architects also edge up
mony with the white woodwork some stones through the body of
(Fig. 33). Another most excel- the wall, with the idea of getting
lent example of this German- more variety —
both of form and
town type is the house at Chest- color. Such matters are better
nut Hill by Messrs. McGoodwin left to the judgment of the indi-
& Hawley, illustrations of which vidual, the writer's preference
were published in the December and reason being that the flat
(1913) number of The Archi- bed is the structural, and there-
tectural Review\ fore the more logical, method.
In studying these illustra- When we come to consider the
tions should be recalled that,
it pointing of stonework referred to
in the photographs, the contrast in the foregoing specifications,
between the color of pointing and we find several successful types,
stonework is unduly emphasized, the choice again resolving itself
due principally to the yellow into an individual preference.
tone so prevalent in the local In all cases the rough building-
stone, which, as any one familiar mortar should be carefully and
with photography knows, gives deeply raked out and stone sur-
a very dark, and in some cases faces thoroughly cleaned, using
almost black, result when pho- a wire brush and even an acid
tographed. The pointing, on the wash if necessary; as, should
Fig. 32. Detail of Pointing
contrary, while usually appear- Diihrind, Okie & Ziegler, Architects any of the rough mortar, show
THE ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW 61
62 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

Fig. 35. Porch, House near Pittsburgh, Pa.

Charles Barton Keen, Architect

Fig. 36. Detail of Summit Church, Germantown, Pa.

DijhrinS, Okie 5l Z.iegler, Architects
 THE ARCHITE.CTURAL REVIEW 63

alongside of or through ridge type of pointing

the pointing, the result just described had been
will be unsatisfactory. used, as they harmonize
After the wall is cleaned better with the generally
the open joints are broad effect of the house
crowded full of the and the large, white ex-
pointing-mortar with a panses of wood and
small trowel and fin- stucco.
ished in any one of sev- The entrance detail
eral ways, but usually of the house at Bryn
as in the example now Mawr by Mr. Charles
being considered Fig. 33 ,
Barton Keen (Fig. 34)
Here the pointing-mor- what is
illustrates per-
tar is brought well to haps a still more in-
the surface of the stone formal use of stone and
and finished with what pointing, but is chiefly
is called a or ridge, of interest for the
weathered, pointing, bet- p. ^^' exceedingly attractive
Bridge over the Wissahickon, Allen's Lane, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa.
ter shown in Fig. 32. method in which he has
This is somewhat difficult to de- handled the arch —
always a more
scribe,though simple of execution. or less difliicult problem in broken
To accomplish it the mason holds range work.
his pointing-trowel at a very flat Another example of Mr. Keen's
angle with the general plane of the use of stonework, the porch detail
wall-surface, and smooths off the of a house near Pittsburgh (Fig.
35),
joint at this angle. Then, holding is an excellent illustration of the
his trowel at an opposite and much result which may be obtained by
sharper angle, he uses the edge to the skilful use of what he aptly
cut away the lower portion of the terms "an unsympathetic mate-
surface just made, so as to show a rial." This stone is the same as is
ridge about three quarters of the used in that section by the Penn-
total distance from the top. This sylvania Railroad for heavy ma-
latter surface is sometimes left as sonry of bridge jiiers and abut-
cut, thereby showing a different ments. In using this stone, as was
texture from the upper slope, and also the case in the example shown
is sometimes gone over with the in Fig. 24, the satisfactory result
flat of the trowel to give the same Fig. 38. Old Stone Wall, Lower Burying-ground was obtained by splitting the awk-
Germantown Avenue, Germantown, Pa.
surface as the upper. This pointing ward quarry-blocks into shapes
as described is done "free-hand" and follows the general trend such as would give a much greater proportion of horizontal than
of the rough joints; but quite often the ridge is formed by running of end joints. In fact, this relationship of joint would seem to
the trowel along a straight-edge, usually held horizontally — be almost axiomatic in all stonework, from the standpoint of
without regard to sUght variation in the rough joints. If this both beauty and stability.
horizontal pointing is desired, however, the mason should use The detail of a church in Germantown by Duhring, Okie &
more care in keeping his rough stone-joints level than is necessary Ziegler (Fig. 36) differs from the other examples chiefly in the
for "free-hand" pointing. An example of straight-edge pointing, matter of the pointing, which is of the familiar ridge, or weath-
though on a more formal stone surface, will be found in the main ered, type, but a natural cement gray in color. The arch here
entrance to the Sharpless house, by Mr. Charles Barton Keen, shown is also very well treated, being in good proportion with
that will appear as an illustration to Part III. the opening and merging well with the general wall-surface. The
A more informal variation of the Germantown type is shown reveals of the Gothic opening, dressed from the same material as
in the wall treatment of the house by Mellor & Meigs at Cynwyd, the walls, show what a satisfactory result may be obtained in a
near Philadelphia (Fig. very economical manner,
29). The stone is from and this is a similar ex-
the local quarries, and is pedient to the dressed
somewhat different from sills referred to in Fig.
the Germantown stone, 27. As illustrating the
there being more color- local prevalence of good
variation and the gen- building-stone, all mate-
eral tone being darker. rials for the walls of this
The manner of laying is church were obtained
practically the same, from the excavation of
however, the chief dif- the cellar, —
an incident
ference being in the that is not at all unu-
pointing, which in this sual in Philadelphia and
case is a flat trowel- vicinity.
point without any at- As a final considera-
tempt at defining a tion of this t>pe, let us
ridge, and with less at- refer to the bridge over
tention being given to the Wisssahickon at Al-
the definiteness of hne. len's Lane, in Fairmount
The wide joints are un- Park (Fig. 37),— a most
doubtedly in better charming example of
scale and taste than rustic stonework blend-
would be the case if the House with Painted Stone Joints ing with natural sur-
64 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

roundings. The stone here is very rough in surface, in some cases walls, with the skill shown in the arch-treatment of Figs. 34, 35,
projecting probably three inches beyond the average plane of 36, and 37, orwith the arch of the old barn shown in Fig. 2
the wall, resulting in an unusually effective play of light and (Part I), and further comment seems unnecessary. The crown-
shadow. The arch is so flat that the best result has undoubtedly ing lack of taste is evident, however, in the pointing. Of the
been obtained by its formal treatment. How thoroughly it has fillet type, as will be shown in later details, but much wider,

been considered is evidenced by the care with which the arch- about seven-eighths inch surface, —had it been left as it came
stones have been lengthened, and the feeling of strength thereb)' from the mason it would have been in itself quite good, consid-
increased as the abutment is approached. The effect of the pro- ering the unsatisfactory stonework on which it is applied. How-
jecting course at the roadway level, and the use of the curved, ever, unfortunately this fillet has been given a coat of white
roughly dressed stones of the same material for the coping, com- paint, with a resultant effect so sharp and glaring that the photo-
plete amost satisfactory scheme. To refer once more to the graph does not adequately reproduce it. The achievement was
work upon the new, compare this bridge-coping
influence of old aptly described by a young woman who said she could see in it
with that of the very old wall about the "Lower Burying- "nothing but Hnes." This treatment is, unfortunately, not an
Ground" on Germantown Avenue, Fig. 38. isolated example, but is much too common among builders of
Several points just considered in regard to Germantown stone- this vicinity; and calling attention to its incongruity and ugliness
work and similar types may perhaps be emphasized by refer- may assist in limiting its use. Furthermore, a practical objection
ence to the house illustrated in Fig. 39. Here it would seem the is that, instead of weathering and softening with age, as natural

stonework has as far as possible spoiled an otherwise not un- materials do, the paint soon wears through, becomes shabby,
pleasing effect.In the first place, the material is not used under- and must be repainted, thereby introducing an unnatural ele-
standingly, the combination of long stones, square blocks, nar- ment of upkeep cost absent from properly executed work.
row strips on end, and small "chinks," improperly placed, giving In Fig. 40 is shown a large-size detail of ledge-stone with a
a thoroughly irrational effect. hammered face used with a flush mortar-joint of rough texture,
The flat arches over windows, while stiff and uninteresting, are similar to but smaller in scale than the stone surfaces with which
not serious, except for the varying size and number of the it harmonizes. The use of the long stone near the bottom,
voussoirs; but the treatment of the round arches, and particularly where both wall surfaces and the return are cut on the same
of the small quarter-circle windows on either side of the gable, stone in order to interrupt the perpendicular joint in the inter-
is verv bad. Contrast their stiff hard lines with the rest of the nal angle, should be noted.

Rg. 40. Detail of Stonework, United Stales Post-Oftice, Bristol, Pa.

Heacock 5z Hokanson, Aichitects
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 65

escaped, and our individual responsibility remains; while always

The Architectural Review the appreciation of our contemporaries does much to strengthen
resolutionand uphold ideals. It helps also to maintain ideals in
New Series, Volume III, Number 5 the younger and the coming men. Especially is this public con-
Old Series, Volume XX. Number 5 science a matter of great importance in the conduct of profes-
sional magazines. Because of their greater responsibility in form-
AUGUST. 1915 ing public opinion, there are the nicest standards of appreciation
most importantly to be conserved and practised; there every en-
deavor should be made clearly to display those ideals they choose
THE ARCHITE.CTURAL REVIEW COMPANY to maintain. No evasion, then, is possible. They at least must
take their stand openly —
fully seen and recognized of men! And
Merrill B. Sands, President Henry D. Bates, Treasurer so, also, should each individual practitioner ask of himself these
Frank Chouteau Brown, Editor same questions, - if only to establish principles for his own guid-
ance, at those times when otherwise he might perhaps be influ-
144 CONGRLSS STREET, BOSTON
enced by a passing impulse, —
of more petty, or less noble, a
Published monthly. Price, mailed flat to anyaddress in the United States. $5.00 per annum,
stamp. If he is always ready to extol good design and craftsman-
in advance; to Canada, $6.00 per annum, in advance; to any foreign address. $6.50 per annum, ship, wherever seen, with genuine appreciation, and without
in advance. Subscriptions begin with the issue following their receipt. Single copies. 50
regard to mercenary or personal considerations, he will soon
cents. Entered as second-class mail-matter at the Post-office, Boston, Mass., Nov. 27, 1891.
earn the right to be regarded as a man of discrimination and
judgment; esteemed, in turn, worthy of important commissions
PLATES from his own business world.
— —
Plates XXXVII. XLIV. Princeton Charter Club, Prince-
ton, New Jersey (Plans, Elevations, Sections, Details, and
Exterior Photographic Views) —
Mellor & Meigs, Archi- ONE example of a successful business man
tectural world has recently been exploited in a
in the archi-
contem-
tects. porary magazine. Substantially all its pages have been
Plates XLV., XLVI. —
House for L. T. Beale, Esq., St. Davids, given to showing his most "successful" products in the —
Pa. (Plans, Elevations, and Details) Mellor & Meigs, — "business" terms he had chosen to employ —
unfortunately,
Architects. rather than in any possible architectural sense! He maintained
Plates XLVII., XL VIII. —
Princeton Charter Club, Princeton, a tremendously business-like office organization. At one time it
New Jersey (Interior Photographic Views) Mellor & — was quoted as having completely finished all the working draw-
Meigs, Architects. ings, engineering and otherwise, including details and specifica-
tions, of a several miUion dollar building in twelve days! Such
a story, if true, indicates at least the development of a tremendous
'O be, or not to be, that is the question! " Shall the aspiring "plan factory;" but hardly represents to the profession a system
architect undertake to earn his livelihood as a professional from which much architectural excellence or great beauty of exe-
T( man, or as a man of business? The privilege of choice is his.
; cution could result. Such a point of view was, perhaps, not so much
On the one hand, he can help further to raise the standards of to be anticipated when an architect was principally concerned with
his chosen profession, as well as secure the enduring esteem of the the completion of tremendous structures, —
so carried out as to
community where fate — or
opportunity! —
has laid his lines. make them commercially profitable business enterprises for his
In the other case, he can perhaps become more "successful" clients, — until he finally acquired a system so complete he was
as we in America interpret success —
and the quicker come to a as able to finance as to design the structure that came to his
point where he can begin to enjoy more of life's luxuries. oilice. Andnot that only; he could even go out into the bu^ness
In which direction will he earn that kind of appreciation that world and create the demand for his product, in the first instance
he most desires? Will he choose to fight for a laggard, but more — so completing the circle whereby his office was continued
enduring, fame? or does he desire more immediate and more — on the tremendous scale to which it had been developed. In
remunerative —
returns? Some modicum of choice always re- achieving power and largeness of grasp he sacrificed appreciative
mains to the individual, despite the apparent urge of Fate. To perceptions of delicacies and refinements. His outlook became
secure recognition and the praise and esteem of his associates is essentially Roman. A man of dominating personality, he was
perhaps the most certain present-day proof of ability that gifted with great abilities of organization which, at least once or
prophesies the ultimate realization of high professional artistic twice, were employed to redound to his reputation, and that of
ideals. Some firms have gained their promise of more permanent his profession; and with greatly recognized success. Yet where
fame through this means, and have esteemed such recognition his contemporaries —
as greater artists —
gave publicly of their
worth the striving for. Others have cared more for material skill,without stint and without expectation or hope of m^aterial
"success;" have preferred to measure and prove their abilities reward, he did not scruple so to compound his busiress instincts
"in the market-place." To them, too, often has come some with his professional conscience as to gather to himself com-
measure of repute. "That which a man most desires he shall missions that one more finely fibered might proudly have chosen
sometime possess" is a very canting proverb, based alike on to disregard, if only for the nicer upholding of professional ideals.
practical fact and fallible human nature. Yet that "one man may And so passed his life away, till, toward its close, while great
not serve two masters" is also true. One must be sacrificed to power and scope still remained to him, he had lost or blunted
the other; and the problem of the individual remains always to his better artistic perceptions. They flared up seldom, if at all.
be solved, for all cannot achieve great eminence of place. As a consequence, his life has left its trail of commercial successes,
Thus are we all confronted with the further question To — —a record of neglected artistic opportunities that, for mere
which fetish shall we pay public tribute? Failing ourselves in reputation's sake, were better far forgotten than recalled!
arriving at either pinnacle of acknowledged achievement, shall we Such a business organization as has been described is fortu-
accept the responsibility of further prostituting public taste by nately beyond the dreams, as well as the desires, of most mem-
praising the man of mere business success? or shall we uphold and bers of the architectural profession; but at what point between
therefore aid in establishing a higher artistic standard than we this great manufacturing organization and the ordinary small
ourselves can practise, for the good of the world and the future office —
run contentedly on the work that comes to it through
of the race? This is the standpoint of the unpractical idealist, may the natural course of events —
is it possible to find and establish

be the passing sneer. Yet is the idealist always the leader of the the desideratum, —
a "happy medium" that is calculated to
race, the prophet of the future. While the answer must remain produce the best possible results, from both the point of view of
largely, if not always, a matter of private conscience, one's pub- the artist and of the public, of the professional as well as the
lic responsibilities are not that way to be wholly disregarded or business world?
66 THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
iFiom "The Ameckan AicWtect") (From "The Western Architect")

Current Periodicals
A Review of the Recent American
And Foreign Architectural F*ublications

(From "The Western Aichitect ")

Masonic Building. Camden, N. J. First Congregational Parsonage, Eau Claire, Wis. Madison State Bank, Madison, Minn.
Heacock 5£ Hokanson, Architects Purcell & Elmslie, Architects Purcell & tlmslie. Architects

(From "The American Architect")

THE not
July Brickbuilder
having been re-
appropriate classical scheme.
Turning to the July maga-
ceived in time to be zines, The American Archi-
considered with other maga- tect for July 7 has for its lead-
zines of that month, we are ing article a paper by George
reviewing the June issue, the Leland Hunter on the archi-
text of which contains the tecture of Piranesi, illustrated
customarj' practical articles from his engravings. The
and the results of the Brick •
plates show two country
Church and Parish House houses. One, by Charles A.
Competition. The designs Piatt, is curiously different
reproduced appeal by their from his usual work in general
prevailing freedom, none be- House for Bronson Winthrop, Esq., Syosset, L. I. treatment, although the de-
ing expressed in vernacular
Delano & Aldrich, Architects
tails —
particularly the iron
Gothic. Among the plate
(From "The American Architect")
and lattice work —
possess a
illustrations Schmidt,
are more familiar touch. The
Garden & Martin's Paxton other is Delano & Aldrich's
house at Lake Forest, a Winthrop house at Syosset,
simple English composition L. I., based upon a plaster
with a doorway that some- wall treatment with brick
how does not seem to com- quoins, and somewhat similar
bine quite successfully with to one of the same designers'
the second-story feature over- own houses. It is simple in
head; Mr. Spahr's Speck design and excellent in pro-
house at Grosse Point, Mich., portion.
visualizing ample expenditure Albert Kahn and Ernest
in some of its incongruous Wilby's Detroit Athletic Club
elements and unrestrained use House for Francis M. Vv'eld, Esq., Huntington, L. I.
is portrayed July 14. This
of carving and timber work; Charles A. Piatt, Architect structure retains many marks
and a small Newtonville house (From" The Brickbuilder") of the familiar Italian treatment
by Frank Chouteau Brown, customary a few years ago. No
which has developed an unusual obvious reason appears for the
plan, expressing unusual require- pilaster order and entablature
ments imposed by clients or site, around the fourth-story window-
and an exterior of extreme sim- openings. Would not the entire
plicity and directness in handling composition be more restful and
the chosen material. Mr. Gil- pleasing without this unneces-
christ's double house at St. Mar- sary and rather thin embellish-
tin's, while showing thorough ment? The interiors are all digni-
mastery of his medium, is hardly fied rooms, but rather too pre-
of his usual standard; and Mr. tentious in treatment to become
Grey's Scientist Church at Los comfortable and homelike from
Angeles (already thoroughly il- constant habitation.
lustrated) is not so pleasing or July 21 continues Mr. Hunt-
successful as to justify its con- er's Piranesi article. The plates
tinued reiteration; while an- reproduce several designs by
other Science church, at Worces- J. A. Schweinfurth; namely, a
ter, is a still more conventional classical brick and stone Back-
House at Newtonville, Mass.
expression of a not particularly Frank Chouteau Brown. Architect Bay Church, the Dickerman
 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW 67
error. 1 Thn Wcsl.-rn Alihifc^l ")

School and a large and rather tinually recalled by pen-ren-

ornate Colonial house, both derings throughout the num-
in Roxbury, and a smaller ber. The Edward W. Decker
plaster house in Brookline. house at Lake Minnetonka
In the issue of July 28 Mr. (one wonders why an ob-
Samuel Parsons writes on the viously summer dwelling is
"landscape functions" of the chosen for portrayal as an
Italian Villa, and illustrates alien element in a wintry
his article from old engrav- landscape) is reproduced at
ings. The plates show a pre- ik. ---VWiirilJ so small a scale that it sug-
I Jl . ttU
liminary study for a New House for Edward W. Decker. Lsq., Lako Minnetonka, Minn. gests little more than the
York public market by Tracy Purcell & Elmslie, Architects
designers' unsuccessful strug-
& Swartwout, a dignified (From "The Brickbuilder")
gle to adapt its emphasized
Masonic building at Camden, horizontal lines to a site of
N. by Heacock & Hokan-
J., irregular contour. A simi-
son, and another of the re- larly futile effort, by the way,
fined dwellings one has come ended even less happily in
to expect from the office of the case of the "bungalow"
Delano & Aldrich, —
this time arbitrarily deposited upon the
the Egerton Winthrop house, Crane estate at Woods Hole,
Syosset, with an elaborate where it remains aggressively
but delicately handled cor- antagonistic to everything on
nice. A clumsy pseudo-Italian the site and in its surrounding
church at St. Joseph, Mo., is vicinity. Some details are
also illustrated; along with a attractively shown, though
much over-ornamented half- again —through defective
timber house at Villa Nova. reproduction —
one is often
Architecture for July exem- leftuncertain as to the exact
phfies to the full the evils of House for Charles Paxton, Lsq., Lake Forest, III.
character of their architec-
Schmidt. Garden & Martin, Architects
duplication in architectural
(From "The American Architect")
tural design. One or two
publication. Not one of the houses also indicate a new
subjects illustrated is fresh tendency in western "sty-
material, all having been listic" design. This is most
previously —
and recently — clearly manifested in the par-
published, including Schmidt, sonage at Eau Claire, Wis.,
Garden & Martin's Paxton which is apparently evolved,
house, the Detroit Athletic with great economy of means,
Club, and Marcus T. Rey- from a forty-five-degree trian-
nolds' Office Building at Al- gle laid upon its longest base.
bany. We note with surprise The Architectural Record for
and interest the appearance July is an effort to illustrate,
in the text pages of a signed in a memorial manner, the
article by the gentle editor work of the late D. H. Bum-
of that very exclusive Quar- Dickerman School, Boston, Mass. ham and his associates. Un-
terly issued "in the interest J. A. Schweinfurth, Architect fortunately, the presentation here
of
(From "The American Architect")
Harmony, Efficiency, and Econ- visualized would seem to proclaim
omy in Building," by the "Hogg- nothing else so strenuously as the
son Brothers." Considering these absolute divorce of art from the
gentlemen's various endeavors practical problem presented by the
to attract prospective builders American office building. Failing
through alluring advertising, often acceptance of this conclusion, the
under persuasive head-lines similar observer is forced to the alterna-
to "Why Consult an Architect?" tive that this consistent disregard
and their use of illustrations, omit- of all artistic considerations is

ting all credit to the architects, merely inherent in the work of this
painters, or sculptors employed, it particular designer. Such need not
seems strange that the editor of result from working with big prob-
a pseudo-architectural magazine lems, in which the late Mr. Burn-
could imagine that this sort of ham was regarded as a specialist,
literary propaganda by the repre- being one of the first, and perhaps
sentative of so commercial a firm, the most successful, of the group
flaunting itself outside the elhical of promoter-architects who have
bars maintained by the architec- chosen to regard their profession
tural profession, would make much almost exclusively from its com-
of an appeal to his particular mercial angle. It would have been
constituency! a far more graceful architectural
The July Western Architect illus- memorial to Mr. Burnham (be-
trates the work of a single firm, sides giving the issue some value
Purcell & Elmslie. Easily most in- to its subscribers) had the pub-
teresting of their buildings is the lishers chosen to substitute for
Madison State Bank, which is mere bulk and volume the selec-

obviously reminiscent of the master tion — with editorial discrimina-

tion — of the
Detroit Athletic Club, Detroit. Mich.
hand of Mr. Sullivan, further con- Albert Kahn, Architect; Ernest Wilby, Associate
work produced
best
68 THL ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW
(From "The Builder," London)
by the firms of which some Georgian inte-
he had been a mem- riors on the Cunarder
ber. In such a treat- Aquitania, by Mewes
ment they might con- & Davis, and the
sistently have omitted scheme for the West
nearly even.- building China Union' Univer-
they have now repro- sity in Chengtu, by
duced —including all Fred Rowntree &
the early work of Son.
Burnham & Root, The English Town
which, of course, ap- Planning Review for
pears now at rather a July, issued by the
disadvantage. They Department of Civic
could have retained Des'gn of the School
the two or three Chi- of Architecture of the
cago Park Buildings, University of Liver-
possibly the Washing- pool, has been re-
ton Station and Post- ceived. The principal
OflSce, the Illinois articles deal with
Trust and Savings- West China Union University, Chengtu Housing and Town
Bank in Chicago, the Fred Rowntree & Son, Architects
Planning in Canada,
libraries at Kenosha and Cincinnati, and the best two or three scientific principles of orientation for public roads and dwell-
office buildings, such as the Edison, Chicago First National ings, the actual situation ofhousing in the city of Berlin (perhaps
Bank, and Wanamaker structures; and (From " The Builder." I ondon^ somewhat colored by the present rela-
they could have featured the several ex- tions between England ancl Germany !)
amples of city planning, the attractive and the urban land problem as it is af-
Frisco Railway Terminal at New Orleans fected by town planning. The most im-
(illustrated in these columns now some portant section, visually, deals with recent
years ago), and the Lehigh Valley Coal competitions, including the Vancouver
Building at Wilkesbarre, Pa. All such Civic Center, the Bradford city improve-
un-architectural examples of promoter- ment, a Doncaster suburb, a problem of
engineering as the Detroit Dime Savings- Liverpool housing, and a cottage compe-
Bank and the Chicago Railway Exchange tition on the Bromboro' Port Estate, ac-
Building should have been omitted. companied by many illustrations, par- —
Crow. Lewis & Wickenhoefer's Swim- ticularly of the Bradford problem, which
ming-Pool for Miss Gould at Irvington, we may later find an opportunity to re-
N. Y., and an over-pretentious week-end produce.
house at Ardsley, N. Y., are entirely Not least interesting among the devel-
lost in this inchoate mass of commer- opments of the war are those articles and
cial engineering and the commonplace. editorials appearing in English architec-
The Builder for June 25 prints some tural magazines based upon these new
examples of Scottish architecture, show- conditions. In part —
as in the Town
ing the Glasgow Cross alterations; Planning Review editorial on "progress
Dundee
municipal buildings and libraries, and
Central K<'cKlin*-Room.s.
Jiimei Tliomson, Architect during war time" —
they summarize ef-
the Dundee Civic Center, by (From "The Builder," London) fects that have resulted from
Mr. James Thomson. July 2 the war. In other cases they
gives designs for the proposed have dealt more with theories
Stepney Municipal Building or fears, as in one learned ed-
and the Tottenham Vale itorial endeavoring to show
Road School. Interiors of the how the "Kultur" of the Ger-
late S. S. Lusitania, two manic nations, as it has gained
churches, and two country expression in Modern German
hou.ses are illustrated July 9; Architecture, and particularly
and, on July 16, some of the in L'Art Nouveau, displays the
Johns Hopkins Buildings in same qualities of barbarism
Baltimore, the Royal Bank as have appeared in that Na-
of Scotland in Bishopgate, Training-College, Dundee tion's conduct of the war.
T. Martin Cappon, Architect

(From "The Builder," London)

Civic Building Genereil View

Civic Center Scheme, Dundee
James Thomson, Architect
 THE, ARCHFTE.CTURAL REVIEW

PUBLICATION OFFICE ADVERTISING lOFFICE

144 CONGRESS STREET
BOSTON, MASS. PUBLISHERS' 440 FOURTH AVENUE
NEW YORK, N. Y.

DEPARTMENT
—
ONE most interesting
of the
gone
far as it has
and so
—
most completely
two houses shown in our last issue,^ crowded
out of that number to allow more plate ex-
The line plates' for
given to reproducing
October will be entirely
McKim, Mead & White's
developed workingmen's suburbs pro- amples of ledge stone architecture to be in- working drawings for the monumental McKin-
duced in Germany is the new "Margarethen cluded, —
and then adding a simple brick house ley Birthplace Memorial at Niles, O. The
Hohe" outside of P^ssen. Inasmuch as these of the English type of design in Newton, October issue will also contain four English
workingmen's dwellings have their special Mass., by Oscar A. Thayer, Architect. Country House plates, presenting the exte-
applicability to problems in this country with riors of a most unusual and distinctive country
which we are only beginning to concern our- In commemoration of September 15, the house, by Edward S. Prior, at Holt in Norfolk-
selves; and as they further indicate perhaps anniversary of the reoccupation of Reims shire, England; and other plates of American
the highest watermark that will have been during the German retirement after the Battle architecture continuing some of the Series
achieved by Teutonic genius in this line for of the Marne, which was immediately fol- already initiated in our plate pages. We would
many years to come, we give space in this lowed by the wanton bombardment of that remind our subscribers that only ten plates
number to their representative illustration; famous and beautiful architectural monu- remain to complete the 100 plates of Modern
showing the scheme both as it was originally ment, the Cathedral, our editorial page this English Churches, and but twenty-six plates
projected for the entire layout of the plateau, month expresses a definite and deeply felt if— to complete the Series of English Country
and its actual development, so far as it was still neutral! — point of view; in part called Houses. Of the Churches, the final ten plates
completed at the end of 191 2. In plan, the forthby the recent presumptuous German an- will be given to showing the exterior and in-
buildings possess less interest than in the at- nouncement of the appointment of the mu- terior, including the new Chapels, in the late
tempt that has been made to treat them along nicipal architect of the city of Strassburg to J. F. Bentley's Cathedral of Westminster in
a consistent type of design the arrangement in
; have charge of "the rebuilding of Belgium"! London. Photographs for these are now being
general having bathrooms opening from living- Can be that Germany is striving to carry
it especially taken for The Architectural Re-
rooms and kitchens —
a condition that is not out a consistent policy for the total obhtera- view, and we hope to be able to publish all of
permitted by the building laws in some sec- tion of Belgium, its arts and architecture; them before the end of the year. The selection
tions of Germany, as in Bavaria but that — even looking so far ahead as to provide this of material in the English Country House
has here made possible an ingenious combina- one final reason for causing American tour- Series is also substantially complete. The pub-
tion of the cooking and heating requirements ists of the future forever to avoid traveling hcation of the remaining plates will probably
of each family that probably makes for sim- through that section of Europe that already continue through the next ten or twelve issues,
pUcity and economy in their living expense. has been desecrated by its occupation by the concluding about the middle of 1916.
Our plates are given this month to showing German armies?
both photographs and working drawings of
Book Notes
Frank L. Packard's Putnam County Court- Margarethen-hohe Bei Essen. Edited
house; unusually successful —
so far as the by Alexander Koch, Darmstadt, 19 13. 108
exterior is concerned —
in its adaptation and pages. 8y X iif". 10 marks. 237 reproduc-
use of a virile type of Italian Renaissance de- tions from photographs, elevations, ground
sign. Inside the handling drifts more toward plans, sketches, and interiors; showing 160
conventional French forms. Three plates and houses, with gardens. A good idea of the char-
two text pages show the very attractive acter of this work is to be obtained from the
studies for some simple dweUing interiors illustrations accompanying our leading article
made by Addison B. Le Boutillier, principally this month. Besides these views, however, the
for an alteration to a small house in north- volume contains a number of plans and ele-
western New York State,— the water color vations, interior views, and especially photo-
studies furnish, indeed, particularly suggest- graphs illustrating the market place with its
ive material for those draughtsmen interested stalls, stores, and central fountain, which add
in a method of rendering possessing all the considerably to its interest for all those con-
merits of an exact working study; and at the cerned with the problems of dwelling and
same time they provide obvious visual appeal Second Floor. garden suburb design. The text contains a
to the average statement from
client, — who is the architect,
also often
en- George Metzen-
tirely incapable dorf, and also
of realizing the from the super-
appearance of a intendent in
scheme from its control of the
customary arbi- business con-
trary presenta- duct of the
tion, in eleva- foundation un-
tion and plan. der which the
This issue con- development
tains four more has been made;
plates in the as well as a brief
series of Amer- description of
ican Country the history of
Homes, at first the entire un-
First Floor, from
supplying the dertaking
interiors of the Floor Plans, Putnam County Court-House, Ottawa, O. Frank L. Packard, Architect ; Ralph Snyder, Associate its inception.
VI THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

DOORWAY,
ISAAC ROY ALL HOUSE
at MeJJhrti^ Massachusetts.
Built of White Pine in 17^2.

While the Royali House as it now

stands was built in 1732, a section of
it— which was originally the Win-
throp Farm House —
was built in
163 1. This is the oldest section
of any house now standing in this
country.

ARCHITECTS, carpenters and lumber men have for generations

ir\. agreed that no other wood gives such long and satisfactory
service, when exposed to the weather, as

White Pine
White Pine is still abundantly available today, as it always has been, in all
grades and in any quantity desired. If the lumber dealers supplying your
clients are at any time unable to furnish it, we would appreciate the
opportunity of being helpful to you in securing it.
The second number of the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs, published bi-monthly under
Mr. Russell F. Whitehead, formerly editor of "The Architectural Record"and
the personal direction of
"The Brickbuilder," will be mailed October first. The subject will be "New England Colonial
Houses of the Eighteenth Century," with text by Mr. Frank Chouteau Brown.
If you are not receiving the monographs, and you feel interested in having them, kindly advise Russell F.
Whitehead, 132 Madison Avenue, New York City, who will be pleased to furnish you with the
second and all subsequent numbers.

Representing
WHITE PINE BUREAU,
The Northern Pine Manufacturers' 19 J^2 Merchants Bank Building, St. Paul, Minn.
Association of Miimesou, Wisconsin
and Michigan, and The Associated
White Pine Manufacturers of Idaho
 '^1

The Architectural Review

Volume III (Old Series, Vol. XX) September, 1915 Number 6

A German "Garden City" Suburb

Designed by George Metzendorf

Described by Frank Chouteau Brown

BARELY a year before the outbreak of the War, one of the

very newest among these so-called "Garden City" experi-
the disposition of buildings, their individual plan and arrange-
ment; whereas we in America are willing and accustomed to
ments on the Continent had come to partial completion in ignore this element in the problem, thereby in many cases making
Germany; although the idea of considering such a venture merely our solutions ineffective and unprofitable in more senses than one.
from an aesthetic or sociological point of view would probably Of course, all European dwelling suburbs are developed under
never occur to the practical German mind, which prefers always much more economical conditions for the householder, because
a scientific outlook upon any problem. Neither does the canny in Europe individuals of the lower class do not attempt to vie
German carelessly permit the label of with the wealthy aristocracy in the
" workingmen's houses" to be at- appearance, arrangement, or dispo-
tached to any dwelling suburb, well sition of their dwellings; quite the
knowing that many desirable classes opposite being the case in America.
of investors or renting families are Therefore, being satisfied with minor
shy of a community so
likely to fight dwellings of from three to six rooms,
labeled. Nevertheless, the problem it is allowable to treat these dwell-

of providing healthful housing ac- ings externally in a manner appro-

commodations for mechanics, clerks, priate to their size. It is largely this
storekeepers, and other necessary in- factor that makes possible to pro-
it

habitants of the city group, at not vide such dwellings as are here shown
too large a rental, is one which the at costs varying from 3,500 to 7,000
German government has been espe- marks ($845 to $1,750) apiece, giving
cially desirous of properly solving; them at the same time all necessary
for by that means only can sufficient elements of durability, appearance,
efficient and desirable material for its and convenience.
complicated and omnivorous war- The venture with which we are
machine be manufactured. So while now particularly concerned has been
— in this result —
the utmost of developed just outside of Essen,
emphasis is placed upon the matter of where the principal factories of the
health, for mere efficiency's sake at- Krupp Iron Works are located. The
tention paid as well to the practical
is Krupp Iron Works was founded, a
living conveniences of the suburb, its little over a hundred years ago, by

relation to the larger community of Friedrich Krupp, who first started by

Flg. 1. The Start of the Steilestrasse, seen through the
which it is in many cases the out- Entrance Archway occupying a small factory at Altenes-
growth, and the con- sen, a suburb of Essen
venience and practi- — at that time a small
cal arrangement of town of less than
the individual dwell- four thousand inhabi-
ings of which the tants. Here Friedrich
settlement is com- Krupp died in 1826,
posed. when forty years old,
The essential dif- leaving his undevel-
between the oped business, his fac-
ference
Gemran and the tory, his debts, and —
American view-point his greatest asset —
on this problem comes the secret of making
from the fact that crucible steel, to his
in solving it the Ger- widow and children.
man attempts also to It may be noted, in
combine architectural passing, that this

merit with conve- method of steel-mak-

nience. This applies ing had been in-
to the layout of vented about one
streets as well as to Fig. 2. Group of Houses forming tile Lntrance Gateway, loolcing up tiie Street Ramp. hundred and seventy-

Copyright, igis, by The Architectural Review Company

70 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

five years ago by an at Rheinhausen, the

Englishman, Benja- Annen Works,
Steel
min Huntsman. It the Gruson Machine
was Frau Krupp — Works at Magden-
with her son Alfred, burg-Buckau, and the
fourteen years of age Germania Shipyards
when his father died at Kiel, the last two
— who began to de- establishments occu-
velop the business; pying some seventy-
and was only then
it five and sixty acres of
that the fame of the land apiece.
works began to grow. In connection with
Alfred Krupp became the growth of this
the gentus of the firm, Fig. 3. Looking over Ravine towards tlie Bridge Head. Street Car Waiting Station in Foreground tremendous industrial
and it was he who, in institution, the prob-
1847, cast the first gun of crucible steel. Cannon of cast-iron or lem of caring for their workmen has also interested the founders
bronze appeared, at this time, to have reached their limit of size. — particularly in the last generations —
as a social problem.
But by the time of the Franco-German War this first three- Much had already been done in Essen by various bequests for
pounder gun had been so improved comprehensively improving the com-
that the German successes were even munity and its suburbs; but the incep-
then attributed to these new engines tion of the particular settlement with
of war, and the fame of the Krupps which we are now concerned came
continued to grow until Essen has directlyfrom a sum of 1,000,000 marks
now become one of the most important (about $250,000), given by Frau F. A.
industrial centers in Europe, with a Krupp on the occasion of the marriage
population of over 300,000; and the of her daughter Bertha, in 1906, in
Krupp factor}" has by now spread over commemoration of the one-hundredth
more than 500 acres and. at the be- anniversary of the Krupp Works, to
ginning of the War, employed over be used for the development of more
80,000 workmen. This number has by healthful living conditions. It was
now been increased to 100.000 at made clear,however, that she did not
least —and perhaps more; while the wish to improve conditions for her own
capital has recently been enlarged workmen alone, nor to conflict finan-
from 845,000.000 to $562,500,000 — cially with previously existing rented
the profit for the year 191 4 being property. Therefore the problem was
supposed to have been $8,475,000. to so expend this sum as to provide
These workshops have spread even a rental return that would, in the
beyond the old Essen establishment, average, remain about the same as
which alone requires three million was already customary, while ob-
tons of coal annually. They now in- taining the utmost of health and
clude the Friedrich-Alfred Iron Works Fig. 4. The Second Block of Houses inside the Gateway,
comfort conformable with the greatest
right side of Steilestrasse

Fig. 5. looking down Steilestrasse, opposite Rosenweg, rear of Gateway Fig. 6. Looking up Steilestrasse,showing the First Group of Houses inside
Group showing t>eyond the Gateway on the right
 THE ARCH1TE.CTURAL REVIEW 71

amount of permanency, and with- tically and economically, a great

out disregarding aesthetic consider- improvement upon scattering house
ations. after house irregularly over the
In this way the new suburb, entire area, requiring large and
called "Margarethen-Hohe," was expensive highway constructions,
started. The development of the and sewer, gas, water, and electric
entire property has not yet been main installations, instead of con-
completed, although a scheme em- fining this expenditure entirely to
bodying its entire upbuilding has a limited, and solidly built-up area.
been laid out and determined in The site to be developed was a
advance — a method common to more or less level plateau sur-
continental but unfortunately for- rounded by fine wooded ravines,
eign to American communities! On through one of which ran an iron
the plan the houses now built are carrying railroad and a waterway,
shown in sohd black, those planned these trafficways happening to oc-
for future development being indi- cur on the side nearest to the city
cated by hatched areas. The next of Essen. This valley was therefore
move, from the practical German spanned by a simple, yet artisti-
point of view, was consistently and cally successful, bridge,which not
completely to construct that sec- only carries the main roadway di-
tion nearest and most convenient rectly across to the suburb, but
to the city of Essen — even to the also serves to provide space for an
building of every house or market, electric road as well. This struc-
lamp-post or fountain, within that ture— in itself a somewhat large
limited area; leaving the future de- item of expense, costing 270,000
velopment to extend naturally and marks ($54,000) —was taken care
normally beyond that section as of by a separate fund, and will
the demand arose. This was, prac- eventually be allotted over the en-
Fig. 7. Looking down Steileslrasse, corner of Winkelstrasse.
A Four-house Group in the Foreground

Fig. 8. Plan of the Suburb showing Arrangement as Laid Out and Constructed up to October, 1912
72 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

Fi^. 9. Thres hojss Group fronting on S o mmerburgstrasse. corner of Fig. 10. A Group of Three Houses on 5ommerburgstrasse facing
Winkelstrasse across the Ravine.

tire suburb, to prevent its im- this little community rather

posing too great a percentage than the city beyond, and are
of cost upon the smaller area therefore best located in the
first developed. A central most central locations, con-
market square —
which is in- venient of access from all
deed the smaller and more dwellings in the suburb.
subordinate market-place of The school sites were also
the suburb —is included in allotted by a different method
the section already built; al- than we are accustomed to in
though this present descrip- America. Bearing in mind
tion deals only with the dwell- that these buildings are pri-
ing portion of the develop- marily intended for the use of
ment. Two sites for school- children, a natural series of
houses are also allotted, just deductions should bring us to
outside the limits of the pres- recognize the economy of
ent improvements; as well as placing these buildings inside
several church locations all— - of a block of houses there- —
pre-determined in the general by accomplishing several pur-
plan. It would perhaps have poses. Particularly it pro-
Fig. Three-house Group, corner of Steilestrasse and Winl<elstrasse,
1 1 .

been easier to have located showing contrast between open and built up corner vides the children in that sec-
the public square directly tion with access to the play-
opposite the bridge approach, as would certainly have been the ground and to the school without crossing a public traffic street;
case with any real-estate development undertaken in this country; it combines the playground area provided for the children in that

but the German designer, George Metzendorf, recognized that block with the school playground; the school building becomes a
the outlook over the valleys below obtainable around the perim- natural center of interest in the block, more or less of a club-
eter of the suburb provided the most air and sun for the house available by day for the women and by night for the men.
dwellers, both life and health giving elements which should be It also places the school in a position of quiet and seclusion from
made the most of. Consequently, the edges of the plateau are dust and noise, —
obviously highly advantageous for the con-
crowded with dwelling-sites, leaving the interior for business de- duct of its daily routine. Finally, it saves the wasteful building
velopment —
again a matter of far-sighted common sense, as of many yards of unnecessary street surfacing and lineal feet of
these stores and markets are intended to serve the members of sewage and water improvements in front and around two sides

1•^
t ^SJH^^^^Br^'
1

Fig. 12. Group of One-family Houses at

^^IJl
/I
1
the North
M
i.^iyvi
End of Winkelstrasse
1
Fig. 13. Kitchen Gardens behind the Three-house Group shown in Fig. 10
 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLV1E.W 73

Fig. 14. Three-house Group on Sommerburgstrasse, corner Niederweg Fig. 15. Three-house Brick and Colored Plaster Block on Stensstrasse

of the building
school — stone, a natural rather than
which returns no benefit to a human product of the
the community and adds site,and did not hesitate at
an extra tax upon the price its additional cost.) So this
of all other more available condition was met in several
building lots. All these ar- ways. First, by increasing
guments as to the advan- the importance of the cir-
tage of such a school-build- cumambulatory road which
ing location are self-evi- bounds the suburb near the
dent, and yet how many— edge of the plateau. Sec-
school properties in the ond, in bringing a winding
United States have been laid roadway (Fig. 2) --com-
out and developed along posed of ramps — up
to
these common-sense Knes? the higher street-level di-
In deciding to locate Fig. 16. Four One-family Houses LoctiU'd Inside the Block, between Steileslrasse rectly fronting upon the
and Stensstrasse
dweUings, rather than an and swinging that
bridge,
open market-place, at the end of main streetfrom its start on the
the bridge connecting the new com- bridge axes back and into the nearer
munity with Essen, the designer market-place in the most conve-
was confronted with the problem of nient and direct fashion. Finally,
making the outlook on the bridge by the very simple means of build-
at that end sufficiently monumental ing a broad and spacious flight of
to Eesthetically accord with the steps, mounting easily from the
monumental arches of the bridge bridge end to the imposing entrance
structure. (It should here be noted archway (Fig. i), from under which
that, instead of building the cheap- this street enters the dwelling-dis-
est possible bridge of iron, — a nat- trict beyond. The necessary monu-
ural product of the city of Essen mental relationship between the
itself —
the architect, and those
I community itself and the bridge is
developing the community, realized thus achieved at the same time as
the superior aesthetic and practical provision is also made for the great-
advantages of a viaduct of sand- est possible convenience of traffic
Fig. 1 7. Elevation and Plan of Five-house Group on Stensstrasse

Fig. 18. Group of Three Double Houses on Stensstrasse opposite Rosenweg Fig. 19. Five-house Group on Steilestrasse, beyond the Market Square
74 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVIEW

and foot passengers. in different proportions

Hea\y teaming traffic of from 84 to 180 square
is naturally deflected to yards to a single dwell-
either side, rising to the ing. The fences or
upper level by means of hedges are simple, and
the street ramps, or con- yet are not too set or uni-
tinuing, on a still easier form in pattern; while
gradient (as does also for separating the gar-
the car-line), to the dens a still simpler form
right, over the Sommer- of fencing has been
burgstrasse, so going chosen. The gardens are
on into the settlement Fi$. 20. Group of Eight Hklisivs on llu- CuiiU'i ul Stinsstrasso Holier Weg all included in the inner
along the easier outer portion of the blocks, as
route. On the Essen side they are intended to be
the end of the bridge is recreation spots, not show
marked by small street-car places on the street; and
waiting-rooms (Fig. 3). also the many small gar-
It is to be noted that dens here introduce a new
traffic streets and archi- element, possessing greater
tectural axes do not often variety, into the outlook
fall together. This is in- over the more restricted in-
tentional, as it allows of terior vistas of these en-
these axes being built out closed blocks (Fig. 13).
toward sightly natural out- The space provided for
looks. In the arrangement building gives sufficient
of the streets, the principal land for perhaps 2,000 to
avenues run northeast and 2,500 houses, with a popu-
southwest (Fig. 8), leading lation of 12,000 to 16,000
R§. 21. Group of Four Three-family Houses, Stensstrasse corner Rosenweg
toward the bridge head at people. Two hundred and
one end; and, on account of the irregular contours and outlines nine houses have thus far been built, including 160 one-family
of the plateau, even these principal streets are as irregular as is houses. There is a total of 266 dwellings provided, two being of
necessary to take full advantage of the site. By this means also six rooms, 112 of five rooms, 69 of four rooms, 81 of three rooms,
would the street vistas be more interesting and varied an effect —
and two of two rooms. Of the 266 dwellings, 8r have separate
further increased by the irregular disposition of the house groups sleeping-rooms in porches or in the roofs; one to each of 77 dwell-
in relation to the street line; or by breaking the vistas, as at —
ings, while four dwellings possess two of such rooms. AH have a
the intersection of the Talstrasse and the Steilestrasse, -in — special scullery near the living kitchen, containing a hollow tiled
order to place the Evangelical Church site at the end of the latter oven, making a central heating-plant, and providing hot water
highway, beyond which the Steilestrasse becomes of less traffic im- for the bathing arrangements. The inhabitants now amount to
portance. This square before the church permits traffic to swing about 1,300, of which about 45 per cent are employed in the
to right and left through the Talstrasse, and so reach other main Krupp works. The rental of the dwellings is regulated according
streets, or to continue through the narrow roadway to the Som- to an agreement intended to keep them a little below the average
merburgstrasse. Another distinct fea- rates provided in the open market for
ture is the handling of the street cor- similar conveniences. As at present
ners, where almost invariably the managed, this means average rentals
corner is left vacant to provide a bet- of 300 marks for the three room, 400
ter outlook for all the adjoining houses, marks for the four room, and 480
between which the comer land is marks for the five room dwellings; the
divided (Fig. 11). This is especially three-room dwellings varying from
the case on important traffic street 201 to 273 marks, the four rooms from
intersections, where it was advisable 316 to 500 marks (the cheapest being
to provide wider sight lines for safety a four-room apartment on the upper
of vehicles at these crossings. So, too, story; a single-family house running
the principal streets cut the property from 370 to 500 marks), and the five
into oblong building-blocks; in turn room from 420 to 532 marks. The
opened up by smaller streets and pas- average return to the Margarethe
sageways requiring less expense to Krupp foundation, based on the first
maintain, while permitting inner three building periods, has been s,",! per
building in the more open blocks (Figs. cent. It is also understood that the
16 and 8); thus obtaining houses that settlement is intended principally for
possess both greater land area about people having an income of about
them, with more seclusion and quiet, 3 ,000 marks
— that social group being
and at the same time making com- considered the most desirable tenants,
fortableaccommodations available at and their applications being given a
the very lowest possible rentals. preference wherever possible.
The architectural economy possible The illustrations show the outcome
from building houses in rows has ob- of Mr. Metzendorf's four-year task.
viously been borne in mind through- Reviewing it but increases our regret
out this development; and economy for the reckless wastes of life, money,
must always be important in a prob- and time deflected from conserving
lem of this sort. Special attention has civilization to its coldblooded destruc-
been given to the gardens a weak — Fig. 22. Doorways
Detail of Lntrance of a One-family
tion by those very means hitherto
point in many garden cities, varying House Group used in aiding world progress.
THE. ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 75

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76 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

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BLDROOM, HOUSE IN GLENS FALLS, N. Y.

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STUDY FOR A LIBRARY FIREPLACE
ADDISON B. LE. BOUTILLIER, ARCHITECT
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 77

The Architectural Review in Ypres, Arras, or Reims? The thing is as unthinkable as

Prussian Ethtk or Kullur; and yet, like both, for
our sins it
exists, and there is hardly a day passes
that we do not see some
New Series, Volume III, Number 6 account of restoration and rebuilding, either begun or
foretold
Old Series, Volume XX, Number 6 in those unhappy portions and Brabant and Cham-
of Flanders
pagne, that are hidden from the sight of all save God
SEPTEMBER. 1915 and the
angels by the curtain of smoke and poison-gases
generated by
Efficiency in its last extremity.
Apparently there is little America can do (the words "can
THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW COMPANY are used in the sense of "permitted," "aUowed") in
do"
the present
Merrill B. Sands, President Henry D. Bates, Treasurer crisis to pay for the much-needed lesson other
nations are learn-
Frank Chouteau Brown, Editor ing in agony and self-sacrifice; but there are two things
at least
that are possible. We can pour out our money in the aid
Publishing Office, 144 CONGRESS STREET, BOSTON of those
that are sufTering, and this we are doing to admiration.
Advertising Office, ARCHITECTS' BLDG., 101 PARK AVE.. NEW YORK We can
set our faces and raise our voices against the
added infamy of
Published monthly. Price, mailed flat to any address in the United States. $5.00 per annum, Prussian restoration of any single devastated work of art in Bel-
in advance; to Canada. $6.00 per annum, inadvance; to any foreign address, $6. SO perannum. gium or France, and equally against actuah restoration of any
in advance. Subscriptions begin with the issue following their receipt. Single copies, SO
architectural or sculptural art that has been subjected to
cents. Entered as second-class mail-matter at the Post-office. Boston, Mass., Nov. 27, 1891. dev-
astation, when these return into the custody of their own
people,
even though this were to be at the hands of the greatest those
PLATL5 people could produce.
Plates XLIX. LIII. — —
Putnam County Court-House, Ottawa, Reparation! —
yes: the rebuilding of burned roofs, the setting
Ohio (Elevations, Sections, Exterior and Interior Details) of plain glass in the void tracery of ruined windows, the
blocking
—
Frank L. Packard, Architect; Ralph Snyder, Associate; up of gaping holes in walls and vaults and buttresses,— all the
E. F. Babbitt, Engineer. things that are necessary to make cathedral, church, or abbey
Plates LIV. —
LVI. —
Interiors of House for Mrs. M. McE. reasonably stable and secure from the elements, to give it back
BowDEN, Glens Falls, N. Y. (Scale Drawings and Details)— to its emancipated though decimated congregation, and to fit
Addison B. Le Boutillier, Architect. it once more for public and private worship. Restoration! —
no; in the sense in which the word has thus far been used. No
towers or walls should be rebuilt, no sculpture replaced by mod-

THE type of mind and morals that, month after month,

rains shell and shrapnel on Reims Cathedral in only too
ern substitutes or patched up by ingenious forgers, no carving
duplicated from remaining fragments, no fake glass reset in the
efficient efforts to encompass its obliteration is just the windows. For some years now we have been coming to realize
type from which we should expect the adding to the irreparable that all this sort of thing is a particularly ignoble sham, and
this
injury of destruction the insult of an egregious "restoration." will be a good time to put our convictions into practice.
One would have supposed that the deed itself was sufficient There are two reasons for this: one that holds in the case of
without any gloss; but as the sinking of the LusUania could not be any really great but dilapidated work, one that grows out of the
allowed to pass in all its immortal horror without the jubilations special conditions of the times. The first is that the whole
of hyphenates and junkers, so the appalling devastations in the temper of the world has so changed, the whole capacity of artists
western war-area cannot be left alone, but must be subject to and craftsmen so fallen off during the last few centuries, that
the threat of restoration by, and at the hands of, a cynical and there is not a man living to-day who is capable of really restoring
dull-witted circle of Prussian bureaucrats and architects. the smallest piece of art from any one of the monuments of the
There no reason why this sort of thing should not have been
is Middle Ages. The whole thing is a lost art, and no one now has
anticipated. For nearly fifty years what has been left us by war, any better business attempt to duplicate Gothic art of any
to
riot, fanaticism, revolution, and the taste of the nineteenth time, or to restore to a physical wholeness, than he has to take
it
century, has been subjected to a well-intentioned transforma- the existing fragments of a drama by Sophocles or Euripides
tion, at the hands of a lot of singularly ignorant busybodies, and fill up the lacuna with material of his own devising. It
that was even more destructive than all the other agencies put never has been done, and it simply cannot be done; that is all
together. England, France, and Italy have vied with each other there is about it.

in a lamentable rivalry while as for Germany, her work of the same

; The second reason The War is the great lesson set for
is this.
nature began earher and was even more banal in its results; but all men to learn — not
a result of agencies set in motion by
there was less in the Central Empires of supreme value, therefore political, economic, or racial impulses, but the great warning
the damage was not so great. For more than a generation the idea that we have been making fools of ourselves and had better
of restoration has been held in singular honor; somehow people stop. Outside France there seems little evidence that the lesson
seemed to think it was the right sort of thing to do when a com- is being learned, or will be learned during the progress of the
munity had reached a certain level of culture and so it was;— War; therefore the concrete examples of what our folly has led
the only trouble being that the level was one that was reached to must remain as a dumb but unavoidable reminder. If it can
by going down and not by going up. possibly be compassed, every shattered and fire-swept city
There is reparation and there is restoration: the first is a duty should remain in its desolation, new quarters being built up be-
that men owe to every work of art produced by their more able yond the frontiers of ruin; and every church should bear, with-
forebears and intelligently allowed to decay; the second is a pro- out and within, the unescapable evidences of what has tran-
cedure falling within the category of "those things no fellow spired inside as well as around its walls. The Cloth Hall of Ypres
can do," if it is not explicitly included in the prohibited "cruel neatly and plausibly rebuilt could be nothing but an evidence of
and unusual punishments" of the fundamental law. our smug forgetfulness; Reims, with its lost statues and carvings
It is bad enough when a community restores its own build- and windows restored on the most approved modern lines, only
ings, — St. Georges de Bocherville, for instance, or St. Mark's, a proof that in spite of the war we had learned nothing. Ypres
in Venice, or an English cathedral; —
here at least, however, in heaps of shattered masonry, with its single accusing pinnacle
there may be some kinship of blood between restorers and pointing heavenward in the midst; Reims, battered, fire-scarred,
creators, even though there is apt to be little else. What, then, a mere mountain of raw masonry, standing sternly in its ring of
shall we say when a Hochwohlgeboren reassures us with the promise ruined dwellings, would teach the unescapable lesson in a fashion
that a Herr Doklor Professor from Brandenburg or Westphalia that none could refuse; and in the end the enduring wrecks of
has been charged to see that everything is made all right again, the best that man can do will speak more eloquently than could
and newer (and even better) than before, in Louvain or Malines, the lost beauties we now sorrowfully deplore.
78 THL ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW
(From "The American AicWtect") (From "Architecture")

Current Periodicals
A Review of the Recent American
And Foreign Architectural Publications

(From " The Bikkbuilder ")

Administration Bldg., Burke Relief Foundation, Wliite Plains, N. Y.

McKim, Mead Si White, Architects

(From " The Brickbuilder")

House on Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. Ryan Art Gallery, New York City
LXtle & Biowrie, Architects Carrere & tiastings, Architects

MONG several articles, Archi- upon the interior. Crow, Lewis &
tecture for August contains Wickenhoefer, in the New York
A' one by the English artist, University Hall of Philosophy,
Leon V. Solon, about the orna- have done a structure quite as
mental use of tile, accompanied by beautifully Greek in refinement
sketches of suggestive value. Other and restraint as McKim, Mead &
short articles relate to the plate White's two West Point buildings,
Dining-Hall and Service Building, White Plains, N. Y,
illustrations; but, of supreme im- from which it is frankly developed.
McKim, Mead & White, Architects
portance, among them is a reprint of Two New York office buildings, on
the circular that has recently been issued to the general public West 40th and 45th Streets, by Starrett & Van Vleck and
by the Iowa Chapter of the American Institute, intended to Wallis & Goodwillie, respectively, are illustrated; with views of
provide a guide to the selec- the Mortimer SchifE garden
tion of an architect — infor-
"Architecture") (From
at Oyster Bay, and Messrs.
mation that is much needed, Carrere & Hastings' Palladian
and which should have been fagade for the Ryan Art Gal-
provided long ago by the lery, which latter, despite its
American Institute itself. The careful study, still retains
plates show an interesting some awkward relations in
brick church at Great Neck, proportion, as in the over-
L. I., by Gustave E. Stein- wide entrance on the lower
back, only to be criticized story. Mr. Barker's house for
from a perhaps somewhat Mr. Holbrook, at Hartford,
over-emphasized use of tile Conn., while containing much
and brick inlay upon the ex- good detail, has yet a certain
terior, and with what in — effect of uncouthness — in
the photographs appears — part derived from an en-
to be a somewhat inappro- deavor to avoid firm or defi-
priately contrasting severity Pennsylvania State Pavilion, Panama-Pacific Exposition, San hrancisco, Cal. nite lines at the angles, and
Henry Hornbostel, Architect
(From "Architecture") (From "The Western Architect")

St. Aloysius Church, Great Neck, L. I. Mohammed Temple, Peoria, 11

Gustave E.. Sleinback, Architect Hewitt & F-merson, Architects

 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW 79
(From " The Biickbuilder") (From "The Btickbuilder ") (From "The Brickbuilder")

,^
1*
|ftnlM
|l . ' ^^^^^^^v Ka^Skii^ liiiiHn

J rlti'
KnTl
*^ffll
n B^':<|i>|
South Side Bath-House, Pittsburgh, Pa. Kindergarten, Downers Grove, 111.

MacClute & Spahr, Architects Perkins, Fellows 5c Hamilton, Arctiitects

in part from the disproportioned openings stone (both of which we reproduce). Others,
and their not altogether successful group- of less originalityand character, too closely
Craig Apartments, Chicago, III.
ing in relation to each other. The result Schmidt, Garden & Martin, Architects
copying work by Mr. Piatt, are by Reginald
somewhat suggests that the view was taken (From "The Architectural Record") D. Johnson and Mann & MacNeille. Mr.
from a small model rather than from the Johnson's McWilliams House expresses,
actual building. The Hall is more success- besides, a delicate and more original treat-
ful —
if somewhat theatrical from its — ment of the entrance and pergola features.
over-emphasized color contrasts. Finally, The August Architectural Record pub-
another tour de force by Mr. Hornbostel is lishes a house at Peapack, N. J., by
the colonnaded Pennsylvania State Pavilion Hewitt & Bottomley, where the cottage-
at the Panama-Pacific Exposition. like simplicity of the exterior hardly pre-
The American Architect publishes, August pares one for the elaborate English paneled
4, an article on the "Graeco Roman Thea- and plaster ceilinged interiors. Among the
ter;" along with Mr. Arnold W. Brunner's illustrated Country Clubs are Mellor &
Stadium for the College of the City of Meigs' alteration for the Pickering Hunt;
New York, a semicircular range of seats McKim, Mead & White's old Germantown
along a flattened arc, with a crowning Cricket Club; Guy Lowell's Piping Rock
Entrance, Reid, Murdock & Co. BIdg., Chicago, 111.
colonnade which, at the center, very GeorSe C. Nimmons, Architect House; Howard Shaw's Country Club at
nearly impinges upon the plain back- (From "The Western Architect") Glencoe; and Marshall & Fox's Club
ing wall; and on August ii, an article at Fort Sheridan, 111., —
all familiar

on " Wrought-Iron Work," with a from many previous illustrations,

Beacon Street house by Little & the only new material being the
Browne, the exterior a dignified de- Bellereive Club at St. Louis (over-
sign evidently expressed with a sim- loaded with more architectural details
plicity imposed by the chosen mate- than we have ever seen in one two-
rial, granite — the interiors being in storiedporch before!), and Hill &
the most ornate and florid types of Woltersdorf's Edgewater Golf Club,
lateEngHsh, French, and Adam de- the latter successful except for its
sign. A Washington club and house somewhat thin half-timber and tilted
by Mr. Totten are also reproduced. Chinese eaves effect. Some good in-
An article dealing with Michelozzi dustrial buildings by George C.
appears August i8, and the plates are Nimmons are reproduced, among
given to student work from the Har- which are the entrance and tower of
vard School of Architecture, unmistak- Lewis Cigar Company's Building, Peoria, III.
the Kimball Building in Chicago and
Hewitt & Emerson, Architects
the study for a Sears, Roe-
ably reflecting the influence
(From "The Architectural Record") buck Plant at Seattle. Sev-
of Mr. Piatt, Carrere & Has-
tings, and other strong per- eral Philadelphia doorways,
sonalities. Mr. Laurence —
mis-titled as " Colonial,"
Fowler's plaster house at — an article on "Lighting
Guilford, Md., proves less of Museum Galleries," and
interesting in design than two Southern Bank Build-
has been promised by his ings fill out the issue.

previous work. The Brickbuilder for

The issue of August 25 July publishes some stair-
contains a number of ways, mostly Colonial in
houses, and an article by type; a small cottage on
the Wisconsin State Build- Long Island; photographs
ing Inspector on Building of McKim, Mead & White's
Regulation. Messrs. Bates buildings for the Burke
& How have contributed a Relief Foundation at White
well-done brick and timber Plains —
already otherwise
dwelling, and Diihring, a brick Chi-
illustrated;
Okie & Ziegler an inter- cago apartment-house by
Kimball Building, Chicago, III.
esting use of rough ledge- George C. Nimmons, Architect
Schmidt, Garden & Mar-

I
80 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
(From "Aichilectuie") (From "The Ameiican Aichitect")

House (or DwiglU C. Holbrook, Lsq., Hartlurd, Conn. Houses at Laurence Park, Bronxville, N. Y.
Russell F. Baiker. Architect Bates & How, Architects
{F rom 'The American Architect ")
tin; a bath-house at Pittsburgh, by Richardson & Gill, and some
MacClure & Spahr; and a kinder- church furniture by Charles E.
garten at Downers Grove, 111., by Bateman, unfortunately far too
Perkins, Fellows & Hamilton, de- vaguely printed to reproduce; and
tails or views of most of which we August 13 contains a group of
reproduce. Continuations of the 1 sketches by Gordon Hemm, as
usual articles reappear in this issue. well as a review of Mr. Burnham's
The Western Architect for August ^H Town Planning Designs, selected
publishes an interesting brick tem-
i.ik

P'-
.-

>-ll: m by the discriminating Editor from

ple at Peoria, 111., and also a well- the July issue of the Architectural
designed factory, both by Hewitt lir Record as being alone available for
& Emerson. The former pro%-ides architectural comment. From this
an excellent stylistic contrast to «r'
% number we reprint Lloyd's Bank
Mr. Steinback's church. A bank- at Hull, by John Bilson.
ing building at Pueblo, Col., by House for W. T. Harris, Esq., Villa Nova, Pa, August 20 publishes some views
Schmidt, Garden & Martin, suc- DiJhrinS, Okie & Ziegler, Architects of a country house with dark wood
cessfully combines classical Renais- interiors and a picturesque brick-
sance proportions and composition with Sullivanesque detail, timbered and stone-roofed exterior by Mr. Guilford W-Dudley,
with interiors that must possess all the color charm and decora- with reproductions of some of McKim, Mead & White's Burke
tive treatment of some of Mr. Garden's smaller interiors in Chi- Relief Foundation Buildings and the elevation drawings and per-
cago that can be recalled. spective of a typical British store building on a London street
The August English Architectural Review continues its series by E. K. Purchase.
on "War Monuments," the fifth part dealing with Modern French Whether as a result of the war or not, recent English archi-
designs; along with Martin Shaw Briggs' series of articles on the tectural publications appear to possess rather a slight amount of
"Later Italian Architects," describing the works of Galeazzo interesting material, —
which accounts for the small proportion of
Alessi. Several pages are given to pictures of the Panama- illustrative examples that have been called for in this and our
Pacific Exposition Buildings; and the section of Current Archi- preceding issue. The reproduction of continental architecture,
tecture illustrates Mr. Leonard Stokes' new North Court for particularly in the German magazines, seems also to have corre-
Emmanuel College, at Cambridge. spondingly suffered —
which was the probable reason for The
The Builder reproduces some rather conventional and old- Western Architect so suddenly abandoning its special department
fashioned English work, by the late Philip Webb, R. Norman of foreign survey of architectural magazine publications, which
Shaw, and J. B. Dunn, on July 23, including the latter's restora- promised to be so interesting when inaugurated a year or more
tion of Mr. Shaw's Haggerston Castle, a detail of which we re- ago. Among the most suggestive material contained in these
print; July 30 contains student work from the University College pages, in older issues of The Architectural Review, was that
School of Architecture, including proposed reconstruction portion found in the continental architectural publications; there-
schemes for Waterloo, Victoria, fore this loss is an incidental and
(From "The Builder," London) *'''°'" '"^'''^ ^""'"''" l°"''""'
and Kings Cross Stations. Au- unfortunate result of the war
gust 6 gives some impressions of that is likely to be reflected for a
modern Budapest, some work by long period after it has ended.
(From "The Architectural Review," London)

nil M\ """" -
Ji JiJ
HI" "III '~'^^i .

>J^ f"
f^.

Lloyd's Bank, Hull, England New North Court, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, England Haggerston Castle, Northumberland
John Bilson, ,\rchitect Leonard Stokes, Architect James B. Dunn, Architect
 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVIEW

PUBLICATION OFFICL ADVERTISING OFFICE.

144 CONGRL55 5TRLLT
BOSTON, MASS. PUBLISHERS' 440 FOURTH AVLNUL
NF,W YORK. N. Y.

DEPARTMENT
ARCHITECTURE does not alone consist The plates selected for publication in this tion of which will appear in the English plate
in designing, and drawing plans for, the issue, reproducing McKim, Mead & White's section of our November is.sue. Meanwhile,
L construction of a building. Funda- working drawings for the McKinley Birth- the exterior contains individual lesson in
its
mentally, its relation to life is far broader place Memorial Building, at Niles, Ohio, are the fresh, untrammeled, unhistoric use of
than a fact that those concerned with
this; typical of the consistency and care with which native material, even the plan consistently
its practice too often forget. Fortunately, the this firm's competitive designs are further expressing its divorce from conventional
last few years have seen an awakening of in- painstakingly developed and restudied before precedent. Therefore we do not hesitate to
terest, both within and without the profes- construction is actually allowed to be begun. include this example in our series of supple-
sion, in problems of such larger scope as City Almost alone among American firms, they have mental plates, and to request for it the con-
Planning, that tend to develop the architect's always realized that the problem of designing sideration that we believe it deserves.
realization of this broader outlook; but even for a competition is entirely separate from the
broader still is his relation to the social ethics problem of designing a building to meet a Our November issue will be of unusual
of his time, and in presenting in this issue an known set of actual conditions; and once value. The plates will show the interior views
article intended to express these fundamental having solved the competition problem, and of Kelling Place, Holt, Norfolk, England, in
relations, less from the point of view perhaps won the award, they have never been dis- the English Country House Series; the work-
of the architect than of the ordinary citizen, mayed or deterred by the additional expense, ing drawings and photographs of the second
we hope we are performing even a greater from re-designing the building to fit it finally in the series of Small American Dwellings we
service to the profession than in maintaining for its actual purpose, —a labor that no con- have chosen to illustrate both by photographs
the customary professional point of view, scientious architect can avoid after drawing a and working drawings, by Charles Barton
with which we fear our readers may be getting commission from that professional "shell Keen; the working drawings and photographs
a wee bit surfeited at times! Its author, Mr. game," the architectural competition! of the Spencer Trask Memorial, at Saratoga.
Wallis, is well known to the architectural pro- N. Y.. by Henry Bacon and D. C. French, and
fession; first, from his earher books of draw- England has its own particular equivalent a series of photographs of an exceptionally dis-
ings of Colonial architecture, and, later, from of the new movement in architecture, which tinctive and individual American dwelling and
his own architectural designs and from his has expressed itself on the Continent in "Art garden at Charles River Village. Mass.. which,
published books on architectural subjects, Nouveau," and in America by what we com- along with another unusual house, in Fra-
"How To Know Architecture," and "The monly understand as referred to by "The mingham, will appear either in the Novem-
A B C of Architecture." As the designer of Chicago School." We have already shown in ber or December issue. The new academic
Nela Park, at Cleveland, the monumental our series of English Churches, as in Kempley building at Exeter. N. H.. built along the lines
factory group of the National Electric Lamp Church, in Gloucestershire, the expression in of an earlier Colonial structure destroyed by
Association, he has recently had to do with ecclesiastical architecture this modern move- fire, from a design by Cram & Ferguson, will

exactly those subjects handled in this article; ment has assumed in England. In this issue also be illustrated by photographs and repro-
while as Honorary Member of the Illumina- we present an illustration of an unusually con- ductions from the architects' working draw-
ting Engineering Society of London, a Direc- sistent example as it has been evolved in an ings in an early issue.
tor of the Illuminating Engineering Society of English country house. Whether or not we The text pages will contain several short
New York, and Chairman of the Committee approve of this type of architectural design, articles, the first showing a charmingly in-
on Factories of the American Museum of as it has expressed itself on these exteriors, we formal and attractive Renaissance Villa near
Safety, he has had every opportunity to study beUeve with much more conviction that no Rome, with sketch plan and photographs by
this topic from other and wider angles. American architect, no matter how conserva- Charles A. Piatt, of unusual interest as a suc-
If our individual subscribers and readers tive, but must regard with approval the inte- cessful solution of the problem presented by
agree with the logic of the facts here set forth, riors of this same dwelling —the major por- the development of a long, narrow strip of
we hope they will aid in bringing this land; a second short review article,
particular article to the attention of commenting upon a new and unusual
those of their clients and acquaint- source of decorative elements of ar-
ances outside the profession that they chitectural embellishment that will,
believe should be interested in the we believe, appeal with particular
statements here set forth. For those force to our younger readers, and to
subscribers who desire, we will be vui^iea cABOtN draughtsmen, of whom we also had
glad to send this number, with the special thought when including a third
article marked, direct to those whose article,dealing in a practical and illu-
names and addresses they may give minating way with the problem of
us. Besides selecting a few choice architectural rendering, approached
examples typical of the sort of thing from the beginner's point of view, and
that has in the past been or is — using, to point the moral, a set of six
being —
perpetrated, we have chosen exceptionally beautiful architectural
from both the American and the pen drawings by Mr. F. L. Griggs,
European field examples of straight- the Enghsh master of this medium.
forward, modern architectural solu- These drawings express architectural
tions of the commercial factory prob- subjects and their structural materials,
lem to illustrate the practice of archi- with their natural accessories, by a
tecture as a " Hve art." Some illustra- great simplicity of technical means
tions pertinent to our principal article that makes their presentation unusu-
this month have overflowed into the ally valuable in the suggestion of the

supplemental plate section, where, of fundamentals of architectural pen

Plan, Kelling Place. Holt, Norfolk. Lngland
importance, tlaey well belong. Ldward 5. Prior, Architect
drawing.
VI THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

WEST DOORWAY
"THE LINDENS"
at Danvers, Mass.

Built of White Pine in 1745

THE same quality of

abundantly available today
is still
White Pine used in the old Colonial days
at prices that make it the most
economical wood for home-building.

White Pine
through three centuries has proved that it can withstand the attack
of time and weather more successfully than any other wood.
If the lumber dealers supplying your clients are at any time unable to furnish
it, we should appreciate the opportunity of being helpful to you in securing it.

The third number of the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs,

published bi-monthly under the personal direction of Mr. Russell F. White-
head, formerly editor of "The Architectural Record" and "The Brickbuilder,"
will be mailed December first. The subject will be "The Domestic Archi-
tecture Developed by the Dutch in Their Colony of New Netherlands," with
text by Mr. Aymar Embury, II.

If you are not receiving the monographs, and you feel interested in having them, kindly advise Russell F.
Whitehead, 132 Madison Avenue, New York City, who will be pleased to furnish you with the
third and all subsequent numbers.

The Northern
Representing
Pine Manufacturers'
WHITE PINE BUREAU,
Association of Minnesou, Wisconsin 2042 Merchants Bank Building, St. Paul, Minn.
and Michigan, and The Associated
White Pine Manufacturers of Idaho
 «/

The Architectural Review

Volume III (Old Series. Vol. XX) October, 1 915 Number 7

Is American Architecture a Live Art?

Does It Stand the Factory Test?

By Frank L. Wallis

architecture a live art or only a pedantic profession? hear it, how can we architects speak the truth on our relation to

IS This is the most important question the architect can ask the public when we speak only to ourselves. Could Mansfield
himself. No strength of assertion or vociferation will decide have elevated the pubhc by his art if he had played always be-
the answer. "By their fruits ye shall know them." Let us get hind the asbestos curtain? What recks it that we know our own
outside of ourselves and view those fruits as the public does, for, importance unless we are willing to stand under the responsi-
after all, the pubhc is our arbiter. bilities which it brings! Otherwise, by reciting such paragraphs
Yes, the public is our arbiter. We may know that the expres- as the preceding, we are merely inducing auto-hypnosis, sing- —
sions of the architect are as common and frequent in the lives ing ourselves to sleep with our own lullabies.
of all as the most ordinary every-day necessity. We may realize And the ultimate result? Well, in the Greek and Roman times,
clearly that in a very large sense the architect is the most im- the architect was honored and monuments were erected to his
portant man in public life; that the rules and laws under which memory; but during the Renaissance he frequently ate his din-
the architect works are borrowed by those others who design ner with the cook in the kitchen while creating those marvels
the texture of our clothing, of our satins and silks, the china and which to-day bear the name of the reigning king for whom the
glass on our sideboards, and, indeed, the very sideboard itself; cook was composing his concoctions. History does n't always
that our furniture, wall-pa- repeat itself, but it has done
pers, tapestriesand hangings, J
- - . _ .
so an uncanny number of
rugs, bric-a-brac and picture- times.
frames are subordinate to and "Is architecture a live art
children of architecture, this or only a pedantic profes-
great mother of civilization. sion," therefore, assumes the
We may croon to ourselves proportions of a question of
that our avenues are avenues overshadowing importance.
only because of the architec- To answer it satisfactorily,
ture of their boundaries, and we must first of all catechize
that the tradition and folk-
lore of the past are limned and
1

ITTItiw ourselves fearlessly. Do we

realize the unique position
lined in these same streets
and avenues by the architect,
the true and enduring his-
torian of our times and of
the ancient traditions of the
race.
public
And we may
morals
manners are affected
assert that
and
^^ Turbine Factory, Berlin.
B ^^^H^

Prof. Peter Belirens, Architect

A new factory type for a new type of en^ne
1 lillH^B ~'^
which we as architects hold
in civilization? Do we recog-
nize the fact that our work
affects the habits of all those
who rub elbows with
that this includes the whole
body politic?
it,

Know-
ing this, do we appre-
and

by the work of the ciate our true respon-

architect, and that sibilities in public life,

the public, being sur- in the improvement

rounded by our work, of economic condi-
cannot escape being tions, and in the de-

affected by it. velopment of every-

But such rumina- thing that affects the
tions are idle in the progress of civiliza-

closet unless they tion?

there arouse the de- When we shall have
termination to get faced these questions
them stamped as con- fearlessly, then we
victions in the mar- shallbe in a fair way
ket-place. If true, as toward rendering ar-
Stevenson said, that chitecture a live art.
takes two men to But only on the way
it

tell the truth, one to Cement and Ctialk Industry Building, Berlin, Prof. Bruno Mohring, Architect
— for we must then
speak and one to face the responsibility
it, Gothic principles successfully applied to a commercial problem

Copyright, 1915, by The Archilectural Review Company

82 THE ARCHITE.CTURAL RLVILW

of getting our storj' spect and admiration,

across the footlights. have refrained from
Does the public know- attempting to "butt-
that its desires can in" and dictate to us?
be satisfied by coop- Then every client
eration with the ar- would have consid-
chitect? Not unless ered not only his own
we get our story over individual desires, but
to it! And unless the rights of the pub-
the public does know lic, as the Parisian in-

this, architecture is sisted they should be

not a live art. Must considered when op-
the architect wear posing the erection of
kids and a tall hat in bill-boards in Paris.
mixing with his own "This is my city, I
public? or will he in- Lace Curtain bleachery. Prof. William Lossow and Max Hans Kiihne, Architects own it, its facades
ject his live art into A factoiv where the human unit is granted more individuality than the machine and its skyline; for I
the common and ordinary live here, Iwalk, sit, and
things of life, go back to do business here; and no
his place as a live member man has the right for his
of the every-day people, private profit to ruin my
and interest himself in the city and make it an uncom-
most ordinary building re- fortable and unhappy place
quirements? In short, will for me. I object to rot, and
the architect again cooper- I will not submit to it."
ate with the public and use If we had thus made
his red blood as Hunt and our architecture publicly
Richardson did? accepted as a live art, the
These are the important dickie fronts, the raw and
questions, for, without unsightly brick back-sides,
them, realization of our and the tank sky-lines of
responsibilities to civiliza- New York would never
tion goes for naught. The have been perpetrated. A
burden of proof is placed Machine and Power House, Llectric Works, Strassburg. Reg. Baumstr. Liiwe, Archt.
public realization of public
on our shoulders; we must A building that architecturally expresses its purpose ownership of everything
get our story across to the public. within the vision means better
If we had previously met this things than these. In schools,
condition squarely, if the public where we have approximated
already realized that it owes its our heritage, it is realized that
necessities and luxuries to the the architectural color and form
architect and his associates, in — of the school buildings are great
short, if we had got our story aids in helping the pedagogue to
across, —then how much more teach the youngsters to shoot
truly and more vastly would straight. But churches and hotel
ours be a live art to-day! If we rotundas, department-stores and
had insisted, as we designed our shops, also will speed the public
problems, on their vital relation on its downward path or hold it
to the community, on the psy- on its hind legs, according to the
chological effect of our work not merit or demerit of their archi-
only upon the client but upon tectural treatment.
every passer-by, then would not Linoleum Drying-House, Bremen. H. 5toffregen, Architect This is only a rough glimpse
our clients, through sheer re- An expressive and well-composed piece of architecture of our field. We
are a long way

Head BIdg. (or Ludwig Loewe iii Co., tierlin. Prof. Allred Grenander, Archt. Car-Barn, Electric Railway, Berlin. Prot. Alfred Grenander, Architect
A factory that appeals to the personal pride of its employees Even the street-car barn may not be an architectural pariah
 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW 83

yet from getting architecture ac- very easily explained when we

cepted as a live art. Let us ex- analyze the traditions of the pro-
amine ourselves on one specific fession. As a nation has a con-
class of buildings, — factories. tinuing soul, so a profession has
Will the architect design fac- its continuing tradition, which

tories, or will he leave them to can neither vary not be changed.

the tender mercies of the rein- Through custom or choice, or
forced concrete engineers? And perhaps both, the architect has
when he does receive the com- been considered as a profes-
mission, will the architect de- sional man; and until recently
sign factories and industrial ithas been, as we all know, be-
plants from his hbrary and his neath the dignity of a three or
historic styles, or from the hve four lettered profession to know
necessities of his times? anything about making shoes.
Yes; factories must also be On the other hand, the man who
brought into the class of the iiuilds a shoe factory must at
Fine Arts, and thus share in least study the conditions and
bringing architecture into the requirements of shoe making.
class of the live arts. I can hear And will some one then come
the sniffs and see the eyebrows Tallow Factory and Tin Storehouse, Dresden. Hans triwein. Architect
forward with a sane reason why
going up. "A work of art, you Neither individuality nor spaciousness were sacrificed in this commercial problem the profession should ignore the
say?" Why not? I do not ask for a factory that looks like the shoe factory as an architectural problem? Is it because it is less
Parthenon or Notre Dame. If it did, it would not be a good spectacular than court-houses, cathedrals, or mansions? If so, is
architectural expression of the factory problem. But why can't it not of equal importance? ».

it be well designed, with due consideration for color and form, Are civic centers of so much more importance to the throbbing
and still be a factory, look like a factory, and work like a factory? busy life of America than industrial centers that we architects
You say that the should flock to the aid of
manufacturing layman the one and hold aloof
does not accept the from the other? Are the
truth that well-designed civic-center specialists
factory buildings in- tocontinue with their
crease the industrial out- standardized rectangular
put of the human ma- plan —
colonnades, stat-
chines housed therein? ues, and bay trees — and
Let us set aside the lay- ignore that far more im-
man for a minute. Has portant, though lessspec-
the architect, who re- tacular, question, the de-
ceives the commissions signing of industrial cen-
not pays them —
fully ters? Yes, industrial cen-
appreciated this vital ters; not housingcenters,

fact? Without a doubt but architectonic layouts

he has not! of factory buildings such
This, however, can be as the one that is nowbe-
Market Building, Munich. Richard Schachner, Architect
How a similar grouping of buildings has been handled in America is illustrated by the Bush Terminal at Brooklyn

Pastry Bakehouse and Factory, Hanover. K. Siebrecht, Archt. Factor> BIdg., Berlin. Alexander Weisz. ArchL
Warehouse Facade, Berlin. E.. Olszewski, Archt.
warehouse-factory problems treated with individuality, freedom of style, and architectural
interest
Three German city
84 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

ing developed in Minne- influence, not only on the

apolis by the Minneapolis but on the factory
profits,
Industrial Association, worker and upon the pride
where efficiency in design, of all those who are affected
in building, and in human by neighborhood. But
its
and freight transportation because this effect on in-
are being considered by the creased output power with
proper kind of experts. less strain is not imme-
Seen from an engineering diately apparent to the
standpoint, is it more diffi- -ryr^. superintendent, or to the
cult, or less so, to design a manufacturer, he spends
Lincoln Memorial such as Js P his time complaining of
Bacon is doing in Washing- apparent additions to his
ton, to create that intri- cost of production.
cate complication of steam,
~ He rails at artists in gen-
Factor> of Henry Hope. Birmingham, England
steel, clay, electricity, and A simple problem In piers and wall openings ; designed by an architect, not an'engineer eral and at architects in par-
Gothic that we see in the Wool- ticular. He
has been to several
worth Building, or to assemble musical comedies, so he knows
the various parts which go to that they all wear long hair and
make our great industrial plants? loose, corduroy trousers. He has
WTiile the layman-manufac- read the yellow journals, and he
turer may be at sea because he knows that they are uncertain
has not yet accepted the eco- and undependable. He will have
nomic value of color and form, none of them. So factories are
still we as architects are to built from the plans of an un-
blame for our neglect to attend imaginative and colorless engi-
to his problems. If ours is to be neer — or from those of the su-
a live art, we must show this to perintendent.
Storehouse, Edinburgh, Scotland, T. P. Marwick, Architect
the manufacturer. must We A modern storehouse as an English architect has seen
Then it is to laugh. It is
it

make him realize that the art of always the spoiling of a first-
building embraces proportions, color, and form in addition to class superintendent to make him a poor architect. The result
the allied specialties such as heating, lighting, ventilation, etc. will always be a series of concrete or brick piers and beams, roofs
Let us consider how we can convince him of his financial interest and floors, to house the shop where products are made for a
in this realization. market as quickly as possible and as cheaply as may be, without
The greatest asset of any factory organization, in securing any thought being given to that powerful instinct of race which
quantity and quaUty of product at low cost per unit, is esprit insists upon preening itself in the sun, or burgeons under the in-
de corps. The germ of the mass enthusiasm known as esprit de fluence of color, and strives always to retain its personal pride.
corps is proper personal pride in the individual. In securing this The satisfaction of this instinct must result in increased effort
the architect preaches a more enduring and continuous gospel from the individual, and in increased profits for the manufac-
than do most of the church and Sunday-school workers, for he turer. And what is the factory for but that?
deals with those things of this Ufe which suggest a cleaner body, Why is it that the business man who scoffs at the need of good
an eye-pleasing garb, and a perfect pride. Does true harmony of architecture in his factory, and flouts the idea that it is good for
color and perfect proportion in form appreciate or depreciate the the soul of his operative, himself snuggles under the influence of
personal pride? And is not personal pride the base on which all architecture, sculpture, and painting as soon as his bank account
good works and great efforts are built? Is it not in very truth the allows him to do so? We recognize the growth of our millionaires
germ of this esprit de corps? But how seldom is any thought by their picture-buying periods, their palace-building expres-
given to the personal pride or spirit of factory operatives? How sions, and by the exhibition of good sculpture in their gardens —
little consideration is given to the effect their architectural en- which has materially reduced the sale of cast-iron dogs and deer.
vironment produces We know that Italy
Factories which have and France have im-
been built with a mense incomes from
keener knowledge of exhibiting their art
the financial value works and we know —
of good architecture who pays. It is these
have a tremendous same Americans who

New Kodak Bklg., London. J. J. Burnet, Archt. Factory for " Kynoch," Ltd. Cousins, Peacock &^Bewlay Concrete Factory, London. G. F. Collenson. Archt. '
5
A commercial city building in corKiete The smaller factory and office, built^of brick A cement printing establishment
 THL ARCHITECTURAL REVILW 85

will not use art on this designed and built her

side of the Atlantic. factories with consider-
This self -same controller ation of color and form,
of the manufac-
fate, and interesting archi-
turer, trundles his car, tectural and landscape
his wife, his daughter, effects, while England
and a few letters of still clings to her old
credit to Europe so that ^Hl"'"' grewsome brick enclo-
he may visit the art gal- sures, which degenerate
leries and gape before the soul and increase the
the great architectural Rudge-Whitworth Cycle Works, Coventry. From Model by Berthold Audsley traffic in gin.
monuments and cathe- A " typical" English factory,oW style Could the Teuton af-
drals. He digests his Joane or ford to pay his architects and
his Baedeker so that he may not artists for what our American
miss any of the examples which manufacturer regards as "ginger-
these very same long-haired, bread" and still continue to do
irresponsible dam-phools have business at a profit while meet-
created. That the creator of ing rabid competition, were it
permanent and enduring ex- not for the fact that these prem-
pression of the big things of life ises of mine had been proved to
can be also irresponsible and and accepted by him as funda-
undependable may seem highly mental business essentials? That
amusing to us. the architectural styles devel-
But let us not be so highly oped in Germany may or may
amused that we miss the serious not appeal to us is beside the
side. If this appreciation of the question. She has combined the
artistic rises to the surface with Classic, the Gothic, and good
the manufacturer's accession to red herring in the designs of her
wealth, then it has always been industrial buildings; while Eng-
latent. It is our fault, and a very land still retains her dull and
serious one, that we have not morbid rows of sordid architec-
been able to exert more influ- tural and engineering factory
ence on his opinions than have Storehouse, Marshall Field &Co., Chicago, III. H. H. Richardson, Archt buildings.
An early American warehouse, unfortunately not typical
the musical comedies. It is our Great as America may be in
blame that this latent apprecia- hermanufacturing achievements,
tion of art has not been devel- our manufacturers know that
oped to the open employment they can still learn a great deal
of it. from Germany. Operating on a
Howcould we have done so? small margin is one of the lead-
Well, did any of us ever bring ing lessons that we can learn.
back from England or from Yet these operators on the
Germany anything more inter- smallest of margins find it profit-
esting to a manufacturer than able to employ an architect The I

an idea for his own residence? low cost of labor favors them,
Did we bring back for his con- says our American manufac-
sideration those gripping facts turer. Is it not possible that
afforded by a comparison of the pleasing working-conditions, re-
two countries which prove that ducing the fatigue of the em-
architectural design in a factory ployees and arousing their pride
is not an added expense but a Larkin Soap Company Building, Uulliilo. Frank Lloyd Wright, Architect in their work, that the fruit —
constant and continuing source A " new-style " American manufacturing establishment, also unfortunately not typical of the architect's design, in
of increased production and higher profits? other words. —
conduce to low labor cost?
If any one doubts the value of the invest- The truth is that we in this country are
ment in good architecture in factories, let him suffering economically from those horrible
go back over the industrial history of Eng- monstrosities of the superintendent or the
land and Germany for the past quarter cen- engineer, —
factories with concrete piers and
tury. Germany, with the closest margin be- ghastly glass panels, which blot the land-
tween cost of production and selling-price, has scape and elevate the prosaic bill-board into

Mli IIIH
Ford Power-House, Detroit. A. Kahn, Archt.; E..Wilby, Asso. Warehouse, Minneapolis. L. 5. Buffington Lozier Power-House, Detroit. A. Kahn &E.Wilby, Archts.
A pleasing type of power-house A picturesque and romantic solution Another type, busineulike but engaging
 86 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

Warehouse, J erse> City. Jarvis Hunt,

Butler Bros.' Archt.
imm 111'-
»
CiWashington Park Warehouse, Chicago. A. E. Robinson
A warehouse desi^. sturdy and appropriate A smaller warehouse regarded as an artistic problem

a work of art, while devitalizing the soul and and none of them is dishonest enough to claim a
depreciating the productive energy of all those knowledge of color and form in the sense that
poor devils who must live in the neighborhood Demmon Bldg.^ Bosu.i L.. 11. Blackball the architect must know it. The little flower-
A simple and dignifled commercial building
and work out a miserable existence inside the garden at the entrance to the Administration
grim enclosing walls of these horrible commercial Molochs. Building is good business; it soothes the soul of the chap who is
Why should not the color and the texture of the exterior walls called in by the chief for a trimming. It takes the hard edge off
of a factor)' be designed in brick or concrete, so that they will be the everlasting scratch for a living. The chiefs, who recognized
as interesting and effective as the marble or mosaic walls of the specialized knowledge in their own business, appreciated the
monumental public library or state capitol are effective? Con- financial value of this other specialized knowledge possessed by
sider the question of cost. Bricks cost two cents apiece laid, the architect in the layout, in the use of color, and in the creation
whether they are laid with the favorite morbid black joints of of a general atmosphere as a business investment promising good
the engineer, or by the architect, who adds to his knowledge of percentage returns. And the amusing part of it is that the actual
stress and strain his appreciation of values of color and texture. cost of this Administration Building was Uttle more than the
Can an ordinary brick or pile of cost of the most ordinary brick
bricks be beautiful? Why not! Are shack. Restful proportions and color
the bone buttons on the manufac- were the only considerations, and
turer's coat beautiful? Yes, when these buildings are proving the mis-
they perform the function for which sion for which color and form in ar-
they were made, are in harmony with chitecture were created.
the color of his coat, and are neither We should let the manufacturer
too large nor too small. know that, in the eyes of the archi-
One of the best illustrations of the tect, a brick is the module of design
argument which I am trying to offer in the front elevation. Treated as
is that which is shown in the illustra- such it can put into his factory a
tion of the Administration Building quality which makes for employees'
and the Factory at Nela Park. These pride, for esprit de corps, for increased
buildings were designed with the co- production, —
all qualities which the
operation of the manager of the engineer alone can never impart. In
works, the chief engineer, and the the eyes of the superintendent, or the
chief of sales. All of them are clever Page & Shaw Factory, Cambridge engineer, a brick is a brick and noth-
business men seeking higher profits. pirst-dass candy worst-class architecture
; ing more. It is made of clay, and it

Factory for Hale & Kilburn Mfg. Co., Philadelphia Storehouse for W. M. Hoyt Co., Chicago. Nimmons & Fellows, Architects
Ejuctly the same problem " muffed " by Uie engineer A factory problem successfully solved by the architect
 THE. ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW 87

IJ^mlSiiiiiiMBIBII I

Hudson Motor-Car Building, Detroit. Albert Kahn, Archt. ; Ernest Wiiby, Asso. Tire and Kubijcr I actory, Spring Mill, Ha.
A concrete factory designed by an arcliitect The same sort of protjiem, built without any design

is tested for a specific load. He therefore designs beautifully solved as the marble court-house or
his pier for the beams and for the necessary the library —
if tackled with the same spirit.

superimposed load. He is a perfectly good engi- There 's the rub —

if tackled with the same

neer and a most efficient superintendent. spirit Let the architect who has always tackled
!

a factory with his whole soul and talent, just as

You shall see a man
if it were a cathedral, let him rail at the manu-
Who never drew a line or struck an arc
Direct an architect, and spoil his work. facturer if he will. (He probably counts him
Because, forsooth! he likes a tasteful house!
among his closest friends and best clients.) But
He hkes a muiEn, but he does not go
Into his kitchen to instruct his cook — none others may. It is our fault that the manu-
Nay, that were insult. He admires fine clothes, facturer does not accept the fundamental fact
But trusts his tailor. Only in those arts
that the proper disposition of color and the
Which issue from creative potencies
Does his conceit engage him. He could learn proper application of form and proportion have
The baker's trade, and learn to cut a coat. a positive efTect on the human mind which means
But never learns to do that one great deed
Which he essays. J. G. Holland. much more to him than the engineer's specialties.
We are accusing the manufacturer of no want
Why should the factory hand, or manager, or neglect; weare accusing ourselves. And the
or the president of the organization be allowed accusation the sharper because the solu-
is all
to design and then compelled to do his work in tion is so beautifully simple.
a colorless concrete skeleton or within a sordid But it is first necessary to look facts squarely
heavy colored brick wall, so open to the glare Horlon Ice-Cream Co. F. Goodwillie
"
in the face. And here is the simple fact: that the
of the undiluted sun, which A contrast between " new style " and " old manufacturer ignores those es-
floods the machines, walls, and sentials which are the life of our
eyes? Sanitary? Yes; as the art. If you would appreciate the
operating chamber of the ap- extent to which we have let him
pendix surgeon is sanitary. But slumber, consider carefully the
efficientand useful? Hardly. following report of an important
And this is more to the point: questiormaire.
will the young man or girl who The American Museum of
is compelled to work in this Safety, through its Committee
beastly factory retain his or her on Factories, sent to numerous
power and "pep," and his or industrial kings and managers
her ability to produce, so that Mill No. 1 1, Amoskeag l^fg. Co., Manchester, N. H. the following list of questions:
the stockholders may have in- 5,000 people employed in 137 acres of buildings as bad — and "typical" — as this! Have you considered: (i) The
creased dividends? color of walls and ceil-
Why should not the ings? (2) Noise on ma-
cathedral designer, or chines? (3) Proper light-
the man who has de- ing? (4) Cheerful and
signed the more attract- convenient lunch and
ive building across the rest rooms? (5) Good
street from the factory, architectural features,
apply his superior and and their influence on
additional knowledge to feilill: the mind? (6) Cultiva-
the creation of that very tion of grass, trees, and
mmm SV^i^ ^*^
building, which hereto- flowers on factory site?
fore hasbeen considered (7) Location of build-
of no importance? He ings with respect to
Mavt'rick Cotton Mills, Last boston
will not misuse his mar- An en^noering problem maltreated by engineer and owner surroundings, sunlight,
ble and mosaics in prevailing breezes,
this form of construc- recreation? (8) Do
tion; they were as in- you agree that the
cidental to the other efficiency of opera-
problem as brick, con- tors is increased when
crete, and glass are the above factors are
peculiar to this prob- considered in factory
lem. But I warrant planning? (9) Was
you that the brick your factory designed
or concrete factory by an architect or an
Continental Motor-Car Factory, Detroit. Albert Kahn, Architect Ernest Wilby, AsscKiate ;

building will be as engineer? Please give

EJcacUy the same problem, treated with architectural imagination and success
88 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

the name and address of the same. fatigue resistance. One large manufacturing firm
has conducted such experiments, the results and
The replies were instructive, pa- details of which they are willing to give to any
thetic, and interesting. One short- one desiring the information. It was found, in
this research, that a warm gray was the best
sighted vice-president replied that he
color. This was standardized and is being used
had no time to consider the points in all the company's factories. It may be noted
mentioned in the list, as his whole in passing that gray paint is as cheap as white;
and since it has been proved that its use adds to
time was taken up in seeing how he efficiency it is vastly cheaper to use it.
could keep out of jail by refraining "We come now to the consideration of point
from violating the innumerable laws r-n..-.. number five, which is, perhaps, harder to get
Dodge Brothers" Plant, Detroit. A. Kahn, Archt.; E.Wilby. Asso. before the factory man than any of the others.
of State and Nation, and orders issued To the majority of laymen architectural features
Pier and window opening treated economically and beautifully
by the Factorj' Commission under mean ginger-bread, useless adornment, which
should be reserved for monumental buildings. Those who in
State Laws. He thought, so he said, that under
replying have given an opinion on this point are almost unani-
the exasperating labor laws and harassment by mous in expressing the opinion that simplicity of design,
commissions that most employers would be in- adapted to the needs and use of the building, gives a more
satisfying result than so-called architectural features, as they
sane before the end of a year or two. Another understand them."
letter complained most bitterly against the
ancient conditions of buildings with noise, dirt, Let us pause now for our recapitulation.
and bad color, pleading that in the event of an Here are opinions, not of local lightweights
opportunity to build anew he would consider it chosen haphazard, but of two hundred of the
good business to pay particular attention to all leading manufacturers of America two hun- —
the items suggested by the nine questions. This dred of our most profitable potential clients, if
man should apply quick depreciation to his architecture is a live art. "We find that ques-
plant. tions three, four, six, and seven are fairly well
Thegreatest number agree on the usefulness Those are the questions which
understood."
of color and its effect on the mind, and naively afTect the engineer. The questions which afTect
reply that they have always used white paint us, and vitally affect, us, as architects, were not
Austin Biscuit Co. bidg., Boston
for the covering of their walls and ceilings! Codman & Despradelle, Architects understood. I have no quarrel with the engi-
Others complained of the decidedly wrong con- An architectural treatment of pier and lintel neer. We could no more do without him than
ception of light (a "standard" —
created by clever advertising we could be competent architects without our engineering knowl-
bureaus —
that flooded sunUght is necessary), so causing the edge. And we should have no quarrel with the American manu-
factor>' owners to paint the glass of the windows to reduce the facturer. In every other respect than good architecture he has
glare! The entire situation is pathetic and unnecessary, easily been as quick to try for the best thing as any mortal in the
to be remedied by a sane understanding between the factory world's history. The searchlight should be turned inward on
man, who knows what he needs, and the architect, who knows ourselves. Its rays will show nothing canting or superfluous
this plus! about the question, "Is architecture a live art or only a pedan-
We quote a portion of Miss Dempsey's report on this inves- tic profession?" In the age of Peter the Hermit architecture
tigation. was a live art. But that was an age of monasticism. To-day
America is a great manufacturing nation. We are practising ar-
"Wefind that questions three, four, six, and seven are fairly well understood,
and replies are made in the spirit of the questions. The question of lighting we chitecture to-day here in America. The use of Fine Arts in the
find, in a great majority of cases, is being handled by experts, and special point is market-place, in the slaughter-houses, and in the shoe factories,
made of the fact that the lighting is considered, not in quantity, but according to
where steel beams are rolled and where vegetables are canned,
the effect it has on the eyes and nerves of the operators. The science of illumina-
tion no longer to be considered as remaining
is in an experimental stage. is necessary and financially important —
provided only that it
"There seems to have been a misap- is Fine Art, fit, proper, and use-
prehension concerning questions one and
five. We find that 60% of those who ful,with all of the essentials, in-
answered have considered color, but . . . cluding those of good form and
reading the explanations and reasons, color.
we find that less intelligent thought has
been given the color problem than any Is architecture a live art or a
of the seven, unless it might be number pedantic profession? The bur-
five. The prevaiUng color seems to be
white. ... In almost all cases chosen den of proof is ours. Can we
because it added to the appearance of bear it unless we have shown
cleanliness and to the quantity of light. ourselves competent to prove
" In no case has the color been chosen
after actually experimenting with differ- that the abihties of our art in-
ent colors and noting their effects on the clude even this ill-considered
operators. It has been found by testing
»nth delicately constructed instruments Administrafion Building, Nela Park. Wallis & Goodwillie, Architects and specific class of buildings
that color bears a direct relation to The flower-garden at the entrance is a Sood business investment known as factories?

Factory, Nela Park. Wallis & Goodwillie, Architects

This building was designed with the co-operation of the manager of the works, the chief engineer, and the chief of sales
 THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 89

million dollars, but it certainly makes all the rest of the yard
The Architectural Review look like thirty cents." This remark perhaps displays a better
native realization of some of the fundamentals of good archi-
New Series, Volume III, Number 7 tectural design than appears evident in the work of some fairly
Old Series, Volume XX, Number 7 illustrious members of our profession.
We therefore desire to establish clearly the dictum that no
OCTOBER, 1915 architectural design is a proper and artistic solution of a prob-
lem when the natural restrictions imposed by the site are not
considered, any more than it can be a successful and satisfactory
THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW COMPANY solution when the limitations and restrictions of the owner in
Merrill B. Sands, President Henry D. Bates, Treasurer regard to arrangement or cost are disregarded. The only differ-
Frank Chouteau Brown, Editor ence between the two is that the owner is perhaps better able,
in advance, to impose those restrictions that are proper for him
Publishing Office, 144 CONGRLSS STREET, BOSTON to establish. Too often he imposes other restrictions, of which
Advertising Office. ARCHITECTS' BLDC, 101 PARK AVE.. NEW YORK the architect should be the sole and final arbiter rather than he.
Of course the natural and inanimate surroundings have no such
Published monthly. Price, mailed flat to any address in the United States. $5.00 per annum,
in advance; to Canada, $6.00 per annum, inadvance; to any foreign address, $6.50 per annum, effective means of pronouncing their protest until after the
in advance. Subscriptions begin with the issue following their receipt. Single copies. SO building has taken actual form. From then on, however, to the
cents. Entered as second-class mail-matter at the Post-office, Boston, Mass., Nov. 27, 18Q1.
end of time, are their voices raised in a protest that is now be-
coming so comprehensible to the ordinary citizen that these
PLATE.5 silent tongues must eventually come to be as loud and vivid in
accusation as the most vociferous and declamatory of owners.
Plates LVII. LXIV. — —
McKinley Birthplace Memorial, Niles,
Having raised the finger of accusation, we do not feel com-
Ohio (Plans, Elevations, Sections, and Details) McKim, — pelled to point to any one among the accused as most respon-
Mead & White, Architects. sible for this breach of public faith. The guilt may lie heavier
upon the donor or upon the architect —
we do not know which.
Either one should have compelled the other to a better under-
COMMENT
us with
another department
in
fundamental problem, both
a
month confronts this
in architectural
standing of the conditions than is shown by the regrettable re-
sult. But in this particular case it would seem that Harvard
criticism and In commenting upon the new
in design. College should have had its natural protectors in the overseers
Widener Library, at Harvard, that structure has been condemned and members of the faculty, who are at least supposed to have
for a disregard of its surroundings, so evident that it is apparent a word to say in regard to the management of that institution,
to even the untrained and casual passer-by. The contrast is as well as to its development, physical and otherwise. Cer-
exactly that between the gentleman born, possessing natural tainly, at one time, and not so long ago, —
though far too few
modesty, refinement, and distinction of manner, and the pushing permanent memorials exist to call that fact to mind, the —
social struggler bedecked with loud clothes and even louder aesthetics and taste of that institution were ruled by Charles
manners. Thus the new library suggests the parvenu in striving Eliot Norton with a rod of iron. He had both the spirit and the
to attract attention by forcing itself, in its gross physical guise, power to impose at will his standards on the physical develop-
among its far better "born and bred" associates, whose manners ment of the yard. But evidently the College has now come upon
itmight with better grace have striven to assume. more dubious times.
This particular building, well enough designed and propor- Yet Harvard has but lately been making some public pre-
tioned if it stood alone, furnishes a noteworthy illustration of tensions to a department of the Fine Arts, including representa-
the architectural interloper only because, from its size and prom- tives of the profession of architecture on its roster of lecturers.
inent location, it illustrates in a greater than usual degree, a We wonder how that department can salve its architectural
failing which is inherent in much of the work produced by the conscience. We wonder still more how the future development
architectural profession. Fortunately this failing is generally of that very department may be affected by such an advertise-
realized in buildings of much less importance, and placed in ment of architectural ineptitude as this building provides. If
positions much less prominent, than the front and middle of the the members of the Harvard faculty are no better judges of con-
Harvard "yard." sistency than to allow this impropriety a place in their "front
We believe that the American pubHc is fast approaching a yard," it is reasonable to doubt their ability to direct the train-

point where the majority will appreciate that such character- ing of the younger generation in a country awakening at last to
istics as dignity and refinement, beauty of proportion, appro- the educational value of good architecture.
priate detail, and charm and surroundings, are no-
of location
where more valuable than where they become a daily part of the
lives of our younger and developing generations. Therefore it is
HOW many of our readers ever stop to consider what the
practice of architecture would be to-day if it had not been
worth while voicing a professional protest against this archi- for the service of the architectural publications? So accus-
tecturally heedless aggression upon the rights of public taste. tomed are architects to the help of their professional publications
We are beginning to realize the educational necessity for pro- that they do not realize the value of this help nor their obligation
viding our students with good architectural backgrounds in to recognize it. There are at least six architectural periodicals
order first to establish and then to better and strengthen their giving in different ways a service worth many times its cost. No
standards of judgment and taste. On this account it is to be re- profession or trade is better served by its class publications, and
gretted that so mountainous a mass of masonry should have in no field of class publishing are the rewards smaller. The
been allowed to dwarf those few examples of the collegiate archi- necessity of liberal illustration of the highest quality imposes a
tecture of our colonies which still exist in the old Harvard burden of expense for the best plates, coated paper, and careful
buildings. They are a better preserved and more effectively presswork far out of proportion to the price subscribers pay.
related group than can be found in any other northern institu- "The advertising makes up for it," you say. Yes, it does. But
tion of learning. what inducement can the papers give their advertisers unless
That the contrast enforced between the hbrary and its sur- the architects subscribe? All the architectural papers of national
roundiniTsis generally felt by spectators, and often rightly scope would have cost you about $300 for the past ten years.
judged by them, is best estabHshed by an overheard comment Think what they have done for you in that time Can you, in I

from a passer-by: "The new library looks enough like two any way, perform such a service for so small a fee?
90 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

w (From "The Bhckhuildet

^a
")

1.11.1..
Current Periodicals
A
And
Review of the Recent American
Foreign Architectural Publications

(From "Architecture")
'
(From "The Brkkbuilder")

ojti
jif m
Pond
g^^
Ravenswood Presbyterian Church, Chicago,
& Pond, Architects
III.
If sv"*'

Carrollton M. L. Church,
5am Stone, Jr.,
New Orleans, La.
Architect

THE
month
magazines
for review this
present several debatable
geometrical figures being inconsistent
with the remainder of the design in free-
problems, in criticism as well as in dom and in scale. This design illustrates
design. In the September Architecture, the danger of attempting the sort of thing
for instance, Mr. Bosworth's house on done so superbly well by Mr. Goodhue.
House af Pelham Manor, New York
East 69th Street presents a facade so Frederick J. Sterner, Architect
The issue also includes a charming and
entirely devoid of ornamentation as to (From "The Brickbuilder ")
unusual brick and stone house at Pelham
throw its entire interest back upon Manor, N. Y., by Frederick J. Sterner,
the stark composition and propor- which we reproduce; a third instal-
tions of its wall openings, which con- ment of the extended review of the
fessedly are not of sufficient beauty Hispanic Society publication "Rejeria
in themselves to meet so searching of the Spanish Renaissance;" and sev-
and unusual an analysis. The set prob- eral short articles, one on "The Fenes-
lem was undoubtedly especially diffi- tration of Commercial Buildings."
cult; but the chosen solution arouses The August Brickbuilder squarely
rather than allays the suspicion that confronts us with the entire problem
a better architectural use should have of "Architecture and Its Appropriate-
been made of so wide a frontage. In ness to Site" by publishing Mr. Trum-
the new entrance building at Vassar bauer's Widener Memorial Library,
College the interior views serve only "wished upon" poor Harvard in the
to emphasize the essential antagonism form of a "red (brick) elephant,"
existing between the classical style, Arls Club, Chicago,
which must remain forever a flagrant
here instanced by the statuary, and Holabird & Roche, Architects breach of good taste in its present
the irreconcilably Gothic archi- (From "Architecture") location; despite the fact that, if it
tectural background provided by could be considered alone, it should
the architects, which by contrast be regarded as the best design Mr.
appears at such disadvantage as Trumbauer has done. But the size of
amply proves its inappropriateness its stupendous order, and its Brob-
to thds use. A more prepossessing dingnagian scale, make it appear so
exterior has been developed; the totally nouveau riche in its archi-
architects here avoiding the mistake tecturally dignified and quiet sur-
made in the Andover Theological roundings as to render it particu-
Building in Cambridge; the tower larly offensive in its place. Hola-
now arising from a square, not a bird & Roche's Three Arts Club,
rectangular, plan. The Bankers' in Chicago, while not entirely
Club of America, appropriately in- pleasing in general composition, is
stalled in so palatial an architec- Taylor Hall and Entrance Gdlc, Vassar Colli "4' l^oiii^hkeepsie, N.Y. unusually attractive and appeal-
tural setting as Mr. Graham has
Allen i^ Collen-s, Architects

(From "The Brickbuilder'

ing in detail. A
bank and office
provided in the new Equitable building at Wilmington, N. C.
Building in New York, will here (few architects attain such en-
find this requirement also asso- during fame as to have a na-
ciated with gcx)d taste a per- — tional bank named after them!),
haps not inevitable companion- a small bank at Far Rockaway,
ship. Mr. Lindeberg's Corn L. I., and a Baltimore Apart-
Exchange Bank has, if we are ment House, are all rather con-
not mistaken, been given earlier ventional in their various fields;
publication; but it remains a re- but thoroughly novel is the
fined restudying of a distinctive new Ravenswood Presbyterian
and — as we consider the prob- Church, at Chicago, by Pond &
lem inAmerica — an appro- Pond, where, by the simplest pos-
priate parti. Paul Monaghan's sible use of brick material, they
Chapel Divine Love, in Phila-
of have managed successfully to
delphia, is a well-composed small suggest historic forms in modern
building with an appropriately details, of which the brick but-
related fleche. The tracery in the tresses and the emphasized up-
wall openings is, however, un- right lines over the principal
WIdener Memorial Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass,
satisfactory, the commonplace Horace Trumbauer, Architect windows are obvious examples.
 THE ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW 91
(From "The Architectural Record") (From "The American Architect") if torn "Tho Am<*i»ciin Architect")

Entrance Front, Stuart Duncan House, Newport,

John Russell Pope, Architect
(From "The American Architect")
Detail, Stuart Duncan House Detail, Stuart Duncan House
John Russell Pope, Architect John Russell Pope, Architect

A New Orleans church by the detail of the entrance is

Sam Stone, Jr., executed stylistically refined and I tali
partly in brick and partly in anate in appearance. The in-
plaster, by this latter means from over-elabo- teriors suffer
succeeds in lightening a rather ration; and judging merely —
hackneyed grouping of brick through the imjjerfect media
wall surfaces. A new series of of photographs and their re-
articles on Sir Christopher production the card-rooms —
Wren's "Towers, Steeples, and private dining-rooms
and Spires," a group of illus- House in KcdlancJs, Cal. alone appear desirably "chum-
Robert David Farquhar, Architect
trations of staircases, and my" and liveable. Two build-
prize drawings of the two-apartment house competition are ings at Northampton, displaying a lack of careful study, if anything
also included. more inexcusable at an institution of learning than elsewhere, and
The September Architectural Record features an unusual archi- a Town Hall at Bourne appear in the month's pictorial miscel-
tectural adventure in a reproduction of "Compton Wyngates," lany. The Capen House, at Topsfield, is illustrated under a most
at Newport, by John Russell Pope, carried even to the extent of misleading title, the restoration lending so much of a Tudor aspect
attempting to reproduce, with modern workmen and materials, that, to ordinary modern eyes, it must api>ear strangely foreign
the workmanship of Elizabethan times —
including its craft in- and inappropriate to New England surroundings, and to its Colo-
accuracies of brick joint, bonding, surface texture, or stonework; nial pretensions.
also imitating those irregularities coming from age and exposure The leading article in The American Architect for September i
to weather as well as from alterations or partial reconstructions continues an instalment from December, 1914. The plates show
originally carried out at different times. The interiors are rather two studies by Cass Gilbert, accompanied by some working-draw-
overwhelmingly consistent in (From "The American Architect")
ings, for the Industrial Arts
their resolute adherence to School at Trenton, N. J., and
elaborate ornamental historic the PubHc Library at Bev-
forms, and are unfortunately erly, sometime since com-
cluttered by the furnishings. pleted. Another of Mr. Far-
The service gateway is, by the quhar's distinctive and en-
way, far more successful than gaging California houses is
the over-pretentious main en- published and while acknowl- ;

trance. It impossible to ob-

is edging its appeal, we yet con-
tain any proper idea of James fess to regarding its coquet-
Gamble Rogers' New York tish entrance detail with a
Yale Club from photographs, touch of Eastern suspicion
because of its towering height House for C. K. G. Billings, Locust Valley, L. I.
and reserve. A house by
(and the narrow street), but Guy Lowell, Architect
Diihring, Okie & Ziegler at
(From Western Architect") (From "The Western Architect")

and Club Rooms Administration Building

Assembly Hall
State Hospital, Agnew, Cal.
California State Architectural Department, Sacramento. Cal.
92 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
(From "The American Architect")
Devon. Pa., on the south at
is, could reasonably be expected
least, so interesting as to seem from an anonymous design by
an alteration of an old house — an impersonal "department."
the reproductions being unfortu- Other pages show several ex-
nately so vague as to render more amples of small house design,
definite approval impossible. including the "Brick Home" ex-
The issue of September 8 con- hibited at the Panama-Pacific
tains an article, with illustra- Exposition, and the picturesque
tions, on Marble Work. The Lumbermen's Building.
plates reproduce a simple but The Builder for August 27
rather unpleasantly "blocky" publishes a partially completed
brick house, with an elaborate church and parish hall at
garden, at Locust Valley. An- Mitcham, Surrey, by M. P.
other plate is given to an old Guillord School, Cincinnati, Ohio Burke Downing, and a number
Wayland house and its jauntily Oarbei & Woodward, Architects of small houses in Chelsea, by
proposed "desecration;" while of two houses by (From "The Builder." London) Williams & Cox. Although one or two of these
Wm. E. and Arthur A. Fisher, the one for Mr.Web- structures are a little old-fashioned in design, others
ster is the more restful and pleasing, if only for its are attractively simple uses of the material, while
avoidance of the nervous and unnecessarily broken not a few possess a distinctively attractive Geor-
design of the other dwelling. gian flavor. The effective, yet simple, use in combi-
The number for September 15 is a special issue nation of bricks of different tones and colors, with
on schoolhouses, presenting little important new corresponding variations of treatment in the color
material, but gathering a number of previously and texture of the mortar joints, should also be re-
published buildings, among which the most worthy marked as an element in brick design too seldom
of attention are the Douglas and Guilford schools at realized or taken advantage of in American work.
Cinciimati, and a public school at Bayonne, N. J. The very simplest of these house fronts are perhaps
Mr. Guilbert's Cleveland and Ridge schools, at a little suggestive of the domestic work of Pond &
Newark, have already been illustrated, as is also Pond, both having been derived, indeed, in the first
the case with Mr. Sturgis' Windsor school and case, from the same historic antecedents. A num-
Franklin Union. A new Gothic high school at Flush- ber of plates of work by students of the Liver-
ing, L. L, two small and disappointing schools in '
The Marquis of Wellington," pool School of Architecture is included. The is-
Leicester, England
Missouri, by Mr. Ittner, and many miscellaneous Everard,Son & Pick, Architects
sue of September 10 contains a "Pub" shop-front
plates from working drawings fill out the (From "The Builder." London) by Everard, Son & Pick, that challenges
number. The small scale at which some our interest by a lead bay which, while
of these complicated drawings are pub- excellent in its general composition, does
lished, resulting in the inevitable loss not repay any too close scrutiny of its
through reproduction of many of their details. The plates reproduce an ornate
lines, robs them of much of their value. Bishop's throne in St. Alban's Abbey by
The two articles by James 0. Betelle and the late J. Oldrid Scott, and a simple
C. B. J. Synder are upon School "Essen- house in Perthshire by Mills & Shepherd,
tials" and "Lighting." along with some pages reprinted from
In the issue of September 22 John old editions of books, and plans and
Russell Pop)e's Stuart Duncan House, at elevations of Canada House, Kingsway,
Newport, already touched upon, re- London. The section of Civic Design
apf)ears. deals with two problems of town plan-
The September Western Architect illus- ning, — one, York (the city), and the
tratesa new state hospital group at other Bromyard (the town).
Agnew, Cal., designed by the "Cali- The English Architectural Review for
fornia State Architectural Department," September contains illustrated articles
in a combination of and ma-
local styles on an old Cape house, a Robert Adam
terials, including decorative brick and house in London, some Maltese archi-
tile insert in concrete walls, of a bet- tecture, and additions to University
Houses, Mulberry Walk, Chelsea, England
ter t)T5e and more successful design than Williams & Cox, Architects College by F. M. Simpson.
(From "The Builder," London)

m
id

J
Houses in Veile Avenue
MKI^Ufi
House in Vale
Houses
n
Avenue

Williams
in
House
Chelsea, Lngland
& Cox, Architects
in Mulbeny Walk House in Vale Avenue
 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVIEW

PUBLICATION OFFICE ADVERTISING OFFICE

144 CONGRESS STREET
BOSTON, MASS. PUBLISHERS' 101 PARK AVENUE
NEW YORK, N. Y.

DEPARTMENT
WE are fortunate in being able to
print in this issue the photographs
of the Villa Costansi, near Rome,
architect and sculptor in American work.
are therefore giving four plates to show the
working drawings, drawn partly in ink and
We probably find space to include a short article
on a most picturesque and charming village,
Dinkelsbiihl, in our opinion successfully rival-
taken by Mr. Piatt a number of years ago; partly in pencil, in order completely to illus- ing the near-by, better-known —
and some-
along with the plan, developed from the trate the mediums used by Mr. Bacon to ob- what over-tourist-ridden — Rothenburg itself.
notes made by him at the same time. As tain his desired result; while the photographic
both garden and villa possess their obvious, views that accompany them show both archi- Our January number will be a special
and unusual, architectural merits, we refer tecture and sculpture in the final completed issue similar to the one given to York &
our subscribers directly to the first pages of relation they bear each to the other. Sawyer's Guarantee Trust Building a year
this issue. The house recently built at Framingham ago, in which all our plates and pages will be
Since we published — in August, 1913 — for Mr. Denni.son —
a view of the garage of taken for the exclusive publication of one of
a full and adequate appreciation of the art of which is reproduced below upon this page — the most important recent examples of mon-
Mr. F. L. Griggs, the English draughtsman possesses obvious merits that illustrate once umental architecture in this country, Mr. —
and Tenderer of architectural subjects, whose more the treatment of an American dwelling John Russell Pope's Temple of the Scottish
superb technic we were thus happily instru- in a manner recalling English precedent, at Rite, at Washington, D. C., the construction
mental in bringing for the first time impor- the same time that it possesses indubitable of which, after extending over a number of
tantly to the attention of the architects and and interesting values of its own as a dis- years, has just been completed. Selections
draughtsmen of America, we have been wait- tinctly American type of design. The house is from an unusually complete set of photo-
ing an opportunity to publish a group of older a fresh and unhackneyed study of the prob- graphs will be made for our plate and text
drawings by Mr. Griggs, drawings that he lem, and again we are able to exhibit both the pages, and these will be further supplemented
himself now considers rather elementary and photographs of the finished buildings and the by some of the more important working
unrepresentative of his best abilities. While drawings by means of which the results there drawings and studies made during the course
entirely in agreement with Mr. Griggs' point shown have been obtained. of the work.
of view, we nevertheless believe the drawings The publication of this material in January
made by him at this period are invaluable for We have held over from this month to next will hold the final instalment of Mr. Heacock's
the architectural student or draughtsman, three of the features we had first planned to articles on Philadelphia Ledge-stone Work
the architect of to-morrow, or the beginning publish in this issue, among them being a very over to the February number, which will
architect of to-day, — for whomThe Archi- unusual house at Charles River Village, by again be nearly exclusively given to this arti-
tectural Review conducted quite as
is Richardson, Barott & Richardson, which we cle and its accompanying illustrations, most
much as for the architect who has "arrived." have reserved for separate consideration be- of the latter being at large size, so as to render
We therefore need make no apology, for in cause we will by that means be better able to them the more complete and definitive. In
selecting and printing six of Mr. Griggs' un- show it to advantage, and more fully than connection with the interest that has recently
usually beautiful and simple drawings, with would have been possible this month. The been aroused in the use of stone as a material
a text commentary intended to aid the stu- same thing is also true of Charles Barton demanding its own architectural expression,
dent undertaking to make a study of the difii- Keen's house and the new Academic Building this seriesshould be especially valuable to the
cult art of pen drawing, we are intentionally at Exeter, which delay will enable us to print profession. The large-size photographs, clearly
hoping to interest and assist younger mem- adequate photographs along with the drawings showing the surface texture of the material
bers of the profession. For a precisely similar next month. and treatment of the mortar joints, have al-
purpose yve have placed Mr. C. Howard The December leading article will treat of ready aroused a demand for prints to be used
Walker's appreciation of Mr. Claude Brag- some French Period mantelpieces, and should bound into specifications; and the publishers
don's recent book, with a number of selected be of value to our readers because of the un- are considering obtaining sets of plate proofs
illustrations, on our text pages; because we usual number of interesting and authentic adapted to this purpose, provided a sufficient
believe that the book itself is an unusual con- examples of mantelpieces of a little-known demand is shown to exist.
tribution too likely to pass unheeded and un- period that it contains. In addition, we will In this connection the Publishers of The
seen by the profession, and Architectural Review an-
also that Mr. Bragdon's deco- nounce a new series of articles

rative renderings possess a dealing with another building

beauty that makes them in material of even more impor-
themselves worthy a place tance to the profession, ar-
alongside Mr. Griggs' draw- ranged and carried out along
ings for the instructive con- the same lines as Mr. Hea-
trast they provide. cock's series. The illustrations
will be reproduced at the same

Mr. Henry Bacon's Trask large scale and will illustrate all
Memorial, recently dedicated possible variations from com-
in thepark given to Saratoga monplace practice in design
Springs by the late Mr. Can- and workmanship. The first

field, provides so successful a instalment will probably ap-

setting for Mr. French's un- pear in the issue immediately
usually charming figure that following Mr. Heacock's con-
it is well worthy of a showing
cluding section; and in both
in detail, particularly as we cases the accompanying extra
are too seldom able to ex- plates will be filled with ma-
hibit to our subscribers so terial selected for its relation
Garage for Henry 5. Dennison, Esq., at Framingham. Mass.
fortunate an alliance between to these principal articles.
C. M. Baker, Architect

I
VI THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

FRONT ENTRANCE
DOORWAY
VREELAND HOUSE
at NordhofF, New Jersey.
Built of White Pine in 1812.

FOR delicate mouldings,

columned porticos and doorways,
and carved and
close-fitting mitres,
no other wood can give such
long or such satisfactory service out of doors as

White Pine
If the lumber dealers supplying your clients are at any time unable to furnish
it, we should appreciate the opportunity of being helpful to you in securing it.
The third number of the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs,
published bi-monthly under the personal direction of Mr. Russell F. White-
head, formerly editor of "The Architectural Record" and "The Brickbuilder,"
will be mailed December first. The subject will be "The Domestic Archi-
tecture Developed by the Dutch in Their Colony of New Netherlands," with
text by Mr. Aymar Embury, II.

If you are not receiving the monographs, andyou feel interested in having them, kindly advise Russell F.
Whitehead, 13Z Madison Avenue, New York City, who will be pleased to furnish you with the
third and all subsequent numbers.

Representine
WHITE PINE BUREAU,
The Northern Pine Manufacturers' 211^2 Merchants Bank Building, St. Paul, Minn.
Association of Minnesota, Wisconsin
and Michigan, and The Associated
White Pine Manufacturers of Idaho
 The Architectural Review
Volume ill (Old Series, Vol. XX) November, 1915 Number 8

A Renaissance Villa Near Rome

With Photographs and Sketch Plan by
Charles A. Piatt

THESE effort
pages register an
note down and
to
Not only is this treatment an
unusual one, seldom encountered
preserve the unique archi- in visiting or reviewing the gar-
tectural interest that at one dens and villas of the Renais-
time rightfully appertained to sance, but it is, as it happens, a
the Villa Costansi, near Rome. problem that should be much
This villa, situated about six more frequently met with in
miles outside of Rome, in the this country than in Europe. In
direction of the Villa Pamphili certain sections of North Amer-
Doria, was originally known as ica,notably along the Valley of
the Villa Falconieri; but at the St. Lawrence, and on the river
time it was visited and these above Detroit and through Lake
photographs and notes made it customary to find
St. Clair, it is
was called Villa Costansi.As, just such long and iiarrow strips
since that time, it has passed of land, resulting from the older
into the hands of a German farmsteads having been divided
owner, it very likely may now and re-divided —
and always in
go by a still different name, for, one direction —
so as to provide
whatever may have been the a dwelling location on the main
owner's purpose when the estate thoroughfare along the border
was purchased, it has since evi- of the river, leaving the farm-
denced change of ownership
its land at the back of the strip.
— and taste —
by blossoming In this Italian garden the
out in a coat of heavy red paint boundaries of the narrow strip
instead of the former charm of of developed land are so dis-
weathered pink and white. guised that the ordinary visitor
At a still more recent visit would not realize or distinguish
the gardens surrounding the between the points where they
villa were found to have been begin or end. Besides the treat-
so done over and altered as to ment of the terrace levels down
have largely lost their original into the valley below, the photo-
interest; so that, at the present graphs show the rough shape
time, they are not worth visiting into which the neglected garden
— except possibly as a study for had grown —
through lack of
an attempt to trace the original care for a number of years. The
design. The chief beauty of the original lines were, nevertheless,
place and the greatest interest so clearly marked as to have
in its development —
from the made it easily possible for the
point of view of the architect — new owner to have redeveloped
consisted of the very unusual the garden along its very inter-
and frank plan, practically de- esting original lines; instead of
veloped solely along a narrow which he has superimposed a
vista across a valley, the sur- new garden, of irregular plan,
rounding farm land encroaching on the first terrace — the result
upon the villa from all sides, and being entirely to destroy the
yet not being allowed to mar beauty and simple effectiveness
the general effect. It had, in of this emphasized vista, and to
fact, even been used to add to cut the plan directly in two.
its appearance, just as the natu- Whether or not the free and
ral variation in the ground lev- baroque — almost with a sug-
els has been skilfully taken ad- gestion of the Chinese in an occa-
vantage of to produce the effect sional outline —
terraced steps
desired —as should be evident and grotto have been retained
by a careful study of these pho- in even a modified form is also
tographs and plan. unknown to the writer.

Copyright, 1915, by The Architectural Review Company

94 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW

veyshf-
VIEW TOWARD END OF GARDEN VISTA

APPROACH TO VILLA
THE VILLA C05TAN5I, NEAR ROME
THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 95
96 THE ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW

A Note on the Technique of Architectural Delineation

As Expressed in Some Drawings by Mr. F. L. Griggs

By Frank Chouteau Brown

THE question of how and master some means

to develop
an architectural design in a man-
of pictorially expressing
tinct
it
advantage over the
is difficult for him to
working with the brush, in that
artist
compose this shadow without, at the
ner that will adequately —
if not even attractively place — same time, expressing in his lines — either by
their direction or
it before a client is of the greatest importance to the younger treatment —a certain amount the sort of texture
of texture
draughtsman or architectural designer. The would-be artist — that, for instance, would be found in nature in the different
;

endeavoring to render his designs in a perspective form that will materials composing the face of the shadowed wall, or in the
enable his potential clients to cobblestones or dirt of the street,
recognize the appearance the or brick of the sidewalk, over
structure will have when com- which the shadow is cast.
pleted —generally finds him- The intelligent and experi-
self baffled at the very outset by enced draughtsman can suggest
the difficulty of arbitrarily ex- both shadow and texture of
pressing an object composed of material, at the same time, by
flat planes by means of a con- the particular kind of line em-
ventional use of pencil, or pen ployed. By further modifying
drawn, lines. can further introduce
his line, he
The principal problem in ren- a suggestion of color which —
dering a drawing comes from suggestion, however, is again
the necessity of first recognizing arbitrary, and may, therefore,
•
—
and then comprehending — suggest one kind of color to one
the arbitrary convention essen- individual and another kind of
tial from the outset to the pen color to another. Of course, ordi-
and ink draughtsman. In nature narily speaking, great care in
there exist but few hard lines, rendering objects in shadow is ac-
those lines almost always occur- tually not desirable —
the result
ring at the outlines of objects in nature being that the details
where sharp contrasts of color, of these objects blend and dis-
texture, or atmospheric intensity appear into the shadow in such
produce a line of demarcation a manner that they are not dis-
between two distinctly separate tinctly seen by the eye, even
planes. The most important — though they are generally caught
because generally the sharpest and retained by the lens of the
defined — of these is the con- photographic camera; and not
trast in and intensity
color being actually seen by the eye in
caused by the shadows cast from nature, it is therefore not de-
lighted portions of the object. sirable that they should be
These different "tones" or caught and rendered by the
"planes" are rendered in a man- draughtsman in delineating his
ner most true to nature by the drawing.
photograph, which merely elim- Nevertheless, the fact that
inates the color values; hence the pen draughtsman has to ob-
obtaining an equally arbitrary tain his effect by substituting
but easily comprehended series separately drawn "lines" for an
of gradations in tones — of dif- even "tone" is, in itself, annoy-
ferent values — instead. A very ing and confusing to many spec-
similar treatment is, of course, tators —
until they have trained
jKJSsible in a gouache or sepia themselves accept the re-
to
rendering in water-color. There, sultant as an arbitrary
effect
as well as in the photograph, the substitute for the simpler tone
effect of the shadowed area ex- provided by the shadow in na-
tending across the front of the ture, rather than as an aggrega-
building and partly out over the tion of lines in whose arrange-
street may be reproduced by an ment or evolution they are more
equally " flat " tone. In making a or less interested, perhaps even
pen drawing, however, it is against their desire. It is, of
necessary carefully to build up course, the business of the
this tone (as in Fig. 2) from a draughtsman studying the tech-
great number of individual nic of p6n drawing to be inter-
lines —by their means produ- ested in these very factors, as —
cing a tone appropriate in in- he acquires knowledge only by
tensity or color to the tone of the comprehending the means by
shadow found in reality, or in which certain effects or results
the photograph. In composing have been obtained by other
his shadow in this fashion, the draughtsmen,— in this way
pen draughtsman has one dis- Fig. 2. Cottage in Watery Lane, Campden, Gloucestershire learning how he can himself ex-
 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVIEW

'..i-^AWtt^^sia^'cssV'f;;;;

The Thatched Cottage at Westington Fig. 4. Comlje End, Whitchurch, Berkshire

press those same effects by similar or, sometimes, by radically most appeal to him as desirable and best, —
no better means of
different means that occur to him as best in connection with study and self-instruction exist than are to be found in the pen
his own expression of architectural objects and their accessories. drawings of other draughtsmen.
The young draughtsman encounters still further troubles But here a difficulty is at once encountered. The problem is
when he attempts to render the foliage and other objects of so complex. It presents so many aspects to the beginner, that he
nature surrounding his houses; and he generally com-
is at first is ordinarily unable to separate and select from the finished prod-
pelled to fall back upon mere imitative copying
of other pen ucts of other artists those details of their study of their problem
drawings for those portions of his sketch besides fumbhng — that most would benefit him in his —and this is the more true
rather bUndly along with the rendering of his architecture itself. the more practised and expert is the draughtsman whose work he
In the course of several times repeating this process, he may is studying; for that expertness has given him not only an easier
discover that, to become a successful pen draughtsman, it is control over his pen, but also made it possible for him to express
necessary for him first to arrive at some arbitrary and per- — his object by a sort of artistic "shorthand" that is very confusing
haps, at first, rather mechanical —
means of substituting (first to the uninitiated, who has to draw many lines to express the
in his own mind, and then later upon his paper) " lines " for the object that the more experienced draughtsman can suggest in a
planes of these natural objects he desires to depict. If he follows very few. In other words, instead of having to consider his object
this clue conscientiously and understandingly, he may discover as composed, individually, of texture, color, detail, form, light
at last that the "technique" of rendering is no more than finally and shadow, modeling, outline, etc., and its background of color,
arriving, by an intelligent method of selection from various kinds texture, atmospheric depth, light and shade, etc., the expert
and directions of line-arrangements —
that may, actually, only draughtsman thinks of all these minor parts of the problem at
be undertaken in hisown mind —
at that particular treatment the same time, and so suggests them all at once in lines by his
best expressing his own individual and characteristic solution of expressive technic. Therefore, if the beginner can only find for
this problem. By constant practice he will, after a while, dis- his study models where some one or two or three of these details
cover the particular method of arbitrary "translation" of planes — —
only have been considered and expressed by the master
into lines that is most natural and expressive of himself and his draughtsman, he can the more easily recognize and study the
outlook on this problem. After having found his particular con- means of expression employed, and hence begin to select those
vention, he has still to develop freedom and ease in its use and means that appear to him as most desirable and suitable for his
in the employment of his selected medium; and this he can own use, or appear to be most adaptable to the ideal of his own
achieve only by means of constant practice, till eye, mind, technical individual self-expression, that he has perhaps already
fingers, and pen all work easily and fluently together, without begun dimly to see as a final goal toward which to strive.
conscious thought or friction, in achieving the effect he desires Drawings of this sort can occasionally, though not often, be
and imagines in his mind's eye. found. The drawings of Martin Rico and Daniel Vierge, for in-
_
Ithardly possible to tell how to achieve an individual " tech-
is stance, dealing with Italian or Spanish subjects, are sometimes
nique" of pen rendering in the narrow limits of these pages; but so simple a problem as to be capable of expression largely through
as each individual learns as much by close observation of the the shape, outUne, and intensity of shadows cast by the sun upon
experiments of others as by practice, —
and as, to practise an a white plastered wall surface. In other climates other aspects
individual technic, each one must select for imitation or experi- of the problem are more likely to have been encountered. In the
ment from other solutions of similar problems those means that simple gray days and quiet atmosphere of the English climate,
98 THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

for instance, matters of texture, color, or material are more likely but especially in Figs. 3 and 4, where also reappear that careful
to be given consideration by the artist endeavoring to render
first study and superb draughtsmanship in the rendering of the foliage
the simpler English architectural forms. And this brings us ex- of the different trees and vines, hedges and grass, that in his
actly to the point where it is possible to explain why these six more recent work has gained greater freedom than is shown
drawings by Mr. F. L. Griggs have been selected and here re- here. From that very fact, however, it there becomes the more
produced to provide the draughtsman with material for prac- difficult of analysis by the student anxious to arrive at a real
tically a "first lesson in pen drawing. comprehension of the means the has employed to realize
artist
These drawings by this English artist have been selected for his desired effects, for it is only by this exact technical realization
one reason, and one reason only. They possess for the American that the student draughtsman can benefit himself and improve
draughtsman, or the architect interested in any degree in the his own technical resources and understanding. If granted no
presentation of his architectural designs or the rendering of archi- other superiority, Mr. Griggs has no equal in the expression of
tecture after an attractive fashion, an invaluable and simple these natural architectural accessories, and, for that reason alone,
lesson in delineati\e technic. Without attempting to do full no draughtsman can afford to be ignorant of his work.
justice to the skilled draughtsmanship exhibited by these draw- The two following illustrations, Figs. 5 and 6, bring the par-
ings, their two chief \'irtues can yet be adequately suggested in a ticular moral this group is intended to point most directly before
few paragraphs. Those desirous of deriving additional benefit the reader. Here the draughtsman appears entirely to have
from a further study of this period of Mr. Griggs' work should disregarded all adventitious aids in the presentation of his archi-
refer to the original volume in which these drawings first appeared, tectural subjects. No specious or brilliant rendering of sky or
"A Book of Cottages and Little Houses." by C. R. Ashbee,* foreground has been introduced to aid the stark architectural
where other examples will be found that will repay most careful outHnes of his given subjects. He has confined his problem to the
study. We call attention to this volume as it happens to be com- bare expression, first, of cast shadows, rendering them after a
paratively unknown and seldom called for in our libraries. fashion so simple that it seems almost mechanical at first glance
It is perhaps not necessary to point out the painstaking con- and second, the material, combining the presentation first of
sideration and study given by the draughtsman to rendering texture and second of color.
these few chosen subjects, inasmuch as the careful drawing of The ordinary draughtsman, starting out to master the art of
the flower-garden and the expressive rendering of the sapling's pen rendering, is easily confused by the complexity of the prob-
foliage apparent in Fig. i should be obvious to even the casual lem presented by even the simplest building, placed against its
obser\'er. Such draughtsmanship as this could have resulted only natural surroundings; and this confusion of ideas easily develops
from a full and intimate knowledge of the flowers, the garden, into a confused rendering, in which he loses sight altogether of
the foHage —
studied from nature. Nor do we care more than to the necessity for technic, by the development of which only can
call passing attention to the successful expression of texture and he achieve final mastery of a complicated problem in perspecti-
material, evidenced perhaps as well as anywhere else in Fig. 2, val rendering. Bare technic, unadorned, is seldom placed in such
in the cottage with its brick end walls, its thatched roofs, and its bold relief as in the six drawings we print on these three pages.
differently textured masonry, shown in the street front char- — No draughtsman can afford to ignore them, as, by their study,
acteristics that reappear in all four of the following drawings, he can learn much about the rendering of architecture and its ac-
•Published by the Essex House Press, London, England, 1906. cessories.

Fig. 5. Izod's Cottage, seen from the High Street, Campden Fig. 6. Cottage in Watery L^ne, Campden
 THE. ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 99

A New 5ource of Architectural Ornament *

By C. Howard Walker

R. CLAUDE BRAGDON'S beyond tabulated data is sound;

book on "Projective Orna-
M'
sion is
ment" in the fourth dimen-
interesting in both text and
but the idea that there is a modern
change from the accumulation of
facts to a contemplation of mys-
plates, and is very valuable to de- teries is deceptive. The progress
signers, asaccen- it of the world has been
tuates the fact that made by an accumu-
all ornament is neces- lation of facts, deduc-
sarily orderly, and is tions from which pref-
therefore fundamen- aced the penetration
tally based upon the of mysteries. The
factors of graphical mystery of yesterday
expression of geom- is the fact of to-day.
etry, and develops
it Failures come from
that expression be- the attempt to deal
yond the methods with mysteries with-
thus far adopted, and out data, without ade-
by so doing makes quate knowledge of
evident a method not hitherto used, and therefore original and the field already winnowed. The penetration of mysteries is by
new. Man expresses himself in the graphic arts in the terms of consecutive steps, not by fortuitous inspiration, and Mr. Brag-
the universe as he knows it; and as his knowledge increases, it don's knowledge of geometry has led him to an initial applica-
is more and more evident to him that tion which is practically a discovery of a
the universe of which he is a part is pre- hitherto unused method of enriching geo-
eminently orderly, and that he fails to metric design. It is a very valuable addi-
co-ordinate with it unless some type of tion to the formulce of a designer. Among
order exists in his expression. Also it the chief faults in geometric design
becomes patent to him that the structure have been paucity of detail and meager
of the universe, its skeleton, so to speak, modulations of varying scale. In order
is geometrical. The
graphical statement to obtain this, subdivisions of an un-
of geometric skeletons or plans has thus imaginative tj^ie or else mere filling pat-
far been confined either to the delinea- terns in the geometric units have been
tion of two dimensions, or of three di- adopted. The development in the fourth
mensions in isometric projection, or in dimension has filled these needs without
perspective; and while such designs or resorting to either subterfuge. Modula-
skeletons have infinite variety, the de- tion and variation of scale occur natu-
velopment of detail has been by arbi- rally in every case, and monotony is di-
trary subdivision or by the addition of minished. Each of these projected mo-
details. Mr. Bragdon opens in the fourth tives is a grouped unit of interest, and
dimension a still further development, the only apparent danger in its use is
which greatly enriches the geometric that it may be too large in scale. But
foci, and creates its own detail. The geo- this is corrected easily. The interlaces
metric skeletons of tesseracts, etc., are devised from magic squares are amusing,
higher organisms than those of isometric but with no especial merit beyond those
cubes, etc. Nor need the apparent mys- of other interlaces based on some tyj)e
tery of a fourth dimension bewilder the Wf'Dii-iq: I'he; ki nqirij :oufi(M;iQic u. of orderly progression.
student. Its definition as a direction at The chapters on Polar Opposites,
right angles to every known direction Space and Time, Field and Space, are ex-
means, graphically stated, merely cellent, as announcing the great en-
the addition to the representation tities which produce conflict or con-
of a solid, of other similar solids trast according to skill in their use.
projected out of each The illustrations
[«I<l!»Oi!l»I««^(G
of its surfaces, all to show some decorative
be transparent; i.e., plane; projection of figures obtained by
all boundaries of all
TVO ^MMETR-ICALiy this process, as well
PIACED PENTAHEDKDIDy
to be drawn. as suggesting the
IN A hype:r.,jphe;ri:
When once compre- method by which
VVVVY

MM VV
hended, the ponder- they are obtained. V
ous terms of solid
geometry lose their * " Projective Orna-
terrors, and the stu- ment," by Claude Brag-
dent appreciates by don. 5J"x8^". 79 pages,
with 75 illustrations in the
sight and not by text (13 being reproduced at
sound. The state- full-page size) and a fron-
tispiece in color. Published
ment that fourth di-
by The Manas Press, Roch-
mension is a phrase ester, N. Y. 1915. Price_
expressing research $1.50-

I
100 THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

These four illustrations from Mr. Bragdon's book, "Projkctive Ofnamknt," are selected to illustrate exactly the author's
suggestions for the particular application of this ornament to different materials, — iron, glass, stone, and draperies. The
opportunity is also utilized to add a word of editorial appreciation for the exquisite draughtsmanship incidentally portrayed
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 101

horrible example anywhere exists than this same McCall resi-

The Architectural Review dence, already the unblushing recipient of nation-wide notoriety
for its over-done architectural embellishment and its downright
New Series, Volume III, Number 8 indecent bad taste.
Old Series, Volume XX, Number 8 So shocking is the contrast that almost one suspects this re-
sult to be the outcome of some particularly devilish and subtle
NOVLMBLR, 1915 Germanic (or Republican!) plot. If environment exerts any real
infliienceon life, can this sudden change be regarded with equa-
THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW COMPANY m'mity by Mr. Wilson's fellow Americans, of whatever party?
Merrill B. Sands, President Henry D. Bates, Treasurer Can it be that even the President's judicial calm will be able long
to withstand the warring architectural elements that will here-
Frank Chouteau Brown, Lditor
after surround him during the Jersey dog-days? Can he remain
Publishing Office, 144 CONGRESS STREET, BOSTON content, level-headed, and serene, despite the jarring mental
Advertising Office, ARCHITECTS' BLDG., 101 PARK AVE., NEW YORK strain of confronting countless ill-assorted columns of divergent
heights, breadths, thicknesses, and ornamentation; the impinging
Published monthly. Price, mailed flat to any address in the United States, $5.00 per annum,
in advance; to Canada, $6.00 per annum, in advance; toany foreign address, $6.50 per annum, optical shocks continually occasioned by the whole fifty-seven
in advance. Subscriptions begin with the issue following their receipt. Single copies, 50
cents. Entered as aecond-class mail-matter at the Post-office. Boston, Mass.. Nov. 27, 1891.
varieties of towers, "outlooks," and pagodas; of cart-wheel bal-
Statement of Ownership of The Architectural Review on October 1, 1915, as re- ustrades and whirling arches; bulbous ornaments and gilded
quired by Act of Congress. August 24, 1912 :
stucco; "near-marble" staircases and "art-glass" skylights, in
Editor. Frank Chouteau Brown; Boston. Managing Editor, Henry D. Bates, Boston.
Business Managers. Henry D. Bates, Boston, and Merrill B. Sands, New York. Publisher, all of which this dwelling glories and abounds?
The Architectural Review Company. Stockholders holding one per cent or more of the cap- Has any one
ital stock. J. E. R. Carpenter, New York, Merrill R. Sands, New York, and Henry D. really counted the ill eiTects possible from this violent attack upon
Bates, Boston. Bondholders, none. (Signed) Henry D. BATES, Business Manager.
Sworn to and subscribed before me day of October, 1915.
this eighteenth the health, strength, and mentality of our chief executive? Will
William H. Bartlett, Notary Public. he be able to resist the pulsing insistent psychology of an archi-
tecture urging always toward physical acts of war, arson, pillage,
PLATE.5 and profanity; toward "treasons, stratagems, and spoils"? Has
Plates LXV. LXVII. — —
Spencer Trask Memorial, Congress this change perhaps been engineered by some Machiavellian and
villainous political cabal, desiring to lead the administration still
Park, Saratoga, N. Y. (Plan, Photographic Views, and De-
tails) —
Henry Bacon, Architect; Daniel C. French, Sculp- further afield from the narrow paths of grape-juice and conti-
tor. nence, of peace and anti-suffrage? Is it proposed by these deadly
— —
Plates LXVIII. LXXI. House for Henry S. Dennison, Esq., yet insidious architectural means to transform the judicial tem-
•
Framingham, Mass. (Plans and Elevations) C. M. Baker, — per of our present ruler to the ebullient nature of a predecessor —
Architect. once removed? What says the Farmer's Almanac? "About this
Plates LXXH. — —
LXXIV. Spencer Tr.ask Memorial, Congress time look out for squalls!" Political hangers-on, constituents,
Park, Saratoga, N. Y. (Elevations, Sections, Details, and and Jersey congressmen here take note. Cyclone cellars and bro-
Photographic Views) —
Henry Bacon, Architect; Daniel C. ken fences wiU next spring become the prevailing political mode.
French, Sculptor.

ANOTHER and subtle attack upon our public

insidious
OUR September editorial was directed against the vice of
under any conditions
restoration, —
and especially and
taste in America
perhaps concealed in the recently an-
is particularly the adding of insult to injury in the press
L nounced intention of the President to adopt the notoriously notices announcing that Germany was proposing to lay profane
vulgar McCall mansion in New Jersey as his summer home. hands on those architectural memorials of past ages of civiliza-
Already have those ignorant arbiters of modern civilization, the tion, already violated by her barbarian hordes, by presuming to

newspapers, begun their pubHcity campaign a campaign — "restore" Belgium's architectural landmarks under the direc-
further incidentally aggravated by the sentimental emphasis tion of an official "city architect" of little fame and still more
recently placed upon the President's personal affairs. To quote doubtful taste. Apparently color is lent to that statement by
a concrete instance, taken from the Boston Sunday Post of Octo- another recent " atrocity," chronicled in the following despatch:
ber 24: "At St. Quentin, France, in the presence of the Emperor, the
"'Shadow Lawn,' the new summer home of President Wilson, French municipal authorities, and the principal officers of the
has the distinction of being the most magnificent (sic!) domicile second army, there was dedicated a monument to German and
which has ever housed a chief executive of the Nation while in French (!) warriors. The monument, built by Profcs.sor Wand-
office. Architecturally it is as far superior to the White House schneider after the Emperor's own design, stands in the new
as the latter is to the residence of the average well-
(sic! sic!!) military cemetery."
to-do citizen of the United States!"
This astonishing bit of "press-agentry" is dated as emanating
.\nd this only one of many instances of the standard of news-
is from BerHn on October 27, this year of grace.
paper taste that has been spread broadcast over the Ameri- The overweening ambition of the Kaiser already has presumed
can countryside like a blight, further malforming undeveloped to rule the art of his nation with a rod no more flexible than
American standards of artistic appreciation. that he now extends over other and more thoroughly a^sthetical
What are the facts? The President's official residence is the lands. He has laid down the rules on which the Royal Opera
"White House," Washington in —
by some strange and fortu- was to be conducted; he has censored the operas of composers
nate chance the most gentle, dignified, and beautiful official both present and past; he has approved some dramas and dis-
residence possessed by any nation of world power. Other rulers approved others; he is even supposed himself to have written
have their dwellings — occupied occasionally — of greater age, certain performances, whose presentation he has then enforced.
of more historic association, and — though rarely — of greater The architectural "competition" has been equally at his mercy.
beauty; but we cannot recall a single instance where, in the Those designs accepted by the official judges have been arbitra-
ruling capital, better architecture and greater taste combine to rily set aside, and the execution of designs by his "court
surround the head of the country than in our own Washington. architect," or preferred favorite, has been " commanded
"
President Wilson has also been so fortunate in the past as to find instead. Nevertheless, the effrontery of the action registered
a summer residence providing as similarly restful, inviting, and in this despatch will leave other and freer nations somewhat
tastefully satisfying an environment in the house built by Mr. aghast. Is it not one of those straws showing which way the
Charles A. Piatt for the novelist, Winston Churchill, at Cornish, wind bloweth? We know not how many monuments, built
N. H. From these tasteful surroundings the President, by de- efficiently in granite and enduring cements, have been placed
ciding to remove to the notorious McCall "mansion" in New as Teutonic mile-stones in the war-hacked and bleeding soils
Jersey, has jumped into almost the ultimate physical extreme of still belonging to other, and jet unconquered, peoples. How
contrast possible in even the scrambled mess of domestic archi- many of these Kaiserentwerfen memorials will be found in exist-
tecture extant in America to-day, of which probably no more ence a few years hence?
102 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
(From • The Bnckbuildei ") (From "The Brickbuilder")

>.-^
Current Periodicals
A Review of the Recent American
And Foreign Architectural Publications

(From "The Brickbuilder")

Entrance Detail, House at Guilford, Md. Entrance Detail, House at Guilford, Md.
Ld^aid L. Palmer. Jr., Architect Edward L. Palmer. Jr.. Architect

THE October magazines pro-

vide examples of domestic
ture (in many ways similar to the
Gale house) has yet a distinctive
architecture of such number touch in its details, while in scale
and merit as force everything else and grouping it is entirely harmo-
well into the background ^this nious with the composition and
month. fenestration of the house front.
House for James C. Fenhagen, Esq., Guilford, Baltimore, Md.
The Brickbuilder for September Laurence ttall Fowler, Architect
Turning to the October maga-
joins The Architectural Review (From "The Architectural Ri
zines, The Architectural Record deals
— the American architectural
first with country-house architecture in
periodical to welcome and remain the Middle West, on the Pacific
consistently appreciative of the Coast, and in the East, from three
best work produced by the modern characteristically different points
continental school —
by publishing of view. The middle-western group
an article by Irving K. Pond in ap- includes Mr. Louis Sullivan's Bab-
preciation of modern German ar- son house, Mr. Frank Lloyd
chitecture. Other articles treat of Wright's own dwelling group, the
native woods for interior finish and E. W. Decker house, by Purcell &
Towers and Spires, second part. ElmsHe (all thoroughly illustrated
The plates include many houses. previously; and the latter repub-
One at Annapolis, Md., by Parker, lished in these columns in August,
Thomas & Rice, of distinctly in the far less attractive guise in
Southern plan, has an exterior that which the architects had chosen to
retains the same characteristics in first display their design to the
details while employing others John W. Gary,
profession), and some houses near
House for Esq., Glencoe, 111.

rather inharmoniously modern in Frederick W. Perkins, Architect Chicago by Tallmadge & Watson,
tj-pe. The remainder, from Guil- (Prom "The Architectural Record")
George W. Maher, and other archi-
ford, near Baltimore, include two tects, among them being a "some-
by Howard Sill, and a large group what dififerent" Evanston house by
by Edward L. Palmer, Jr., inter- Lowe & Bollenbacher, and a house
estingly placed at a road inter- at Liberty ville. 111., suggesting
section. We group
believe this some Eastern characteristics. Far
would have been better without too many, however, —
as the two
the rather overpowering Germano- from Kansas City and one at
A Uerburyesque roof ; the details be- Island Park, — are insufficiently
ing interesting and successful. studied, and, although perhaps rep-
Some of the same architect's other resentative enough of work from
small houses are even more pleas- that section, would better be dis-
ing, particularly that for Dr. Ames, regarded in the architectural press.
a delightfully simple and direct A house at Madison, Wis., by
treatment of the material. The George B. Ferry, is more successful,
imitative entrance feature, also despite the use of classic porch
over-large in scale, detracts from columns in an otherwise Gothic
the house for Mrs. Gale; the same House for William Balhatchet, Esq., Evanston, 111.
design; and F. W. Perkins' house
criticism applies to the McEvoy Lowe & Bollenbacher, Architects for John W. Gary, at Glencoe, is
house, by Thomas Bond Owings — (From "Architecture") shown by one attractive view.
more successful on the garden side, The Pacific-Coast section con-
where a simpler treatment of the tains attractive photographs of the
plaster bays would have been a characteristic work of Greene &
still further improvement. Mr. Greene; a couple of "somewhat
Sperry's contribution to this sub- Colonial" brick houses by Joseph
urb suffers from the tile roof, en- S. Cote & Myron Hunt; Mrs. Rus-
tirely out of sympathy with the sell's house at Hollywood, by Elmer
wall treatment in scale and tex- Grey (previously published); and
ture, and inconsistent with design a group of rather pretentious
and material. Mr. Fowler's single Spanish-type houses at Point Loma
dwelling is, on the other hand, en- Residence of R. H. Newberry, Esq., Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich.
by W. S. Hebbard. Mr. Hobart's
tirely charming, the entrance fea- Trowbridge Si Ackerman, Architects Newhall house (also already illus-
 THE. ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW 103
{From "The Architectural Record") (From "The AichMeclural Record")

House of Miss L. A. Watson, While Plains, N. Y. House of George W. Bacon, Esq., SI. James, L. I.

Delano & Aldrich, Architects Peabody, Wilson & Brown. Architects

(From "1 he Brickbuilder ")

trated) and Grant house are both "Base Courses," and the plates
surpassed by the simpler Ansel M. show another of Messrs. Diihring,
Easton house; while two houses by Okie & Ziegler's interesting Ger-
Reginald D. Johnson suggest in- mantown ledge-stone houses, this
teresting methods of composition. one unusually rambling in tjpe,
Willis Polk's Crocker house is along with an attractive plaster
over-imposing and classic in treat- house at St. Martins by Edmund B.
ment, while Carleton M. Winslow's Gilchrist, and a brick house at
Dr. Foster house at San Diego is Newark, N. J., that displays well-
an unusual and pleasing grouping. Garden Front, House of James McEvoy, Esq., Guillord, Baltimore, Md. studied — if familiar — Colonial
Thomas Bond Owin§s, Architect
The Eastern section includes an details.
(From "The American Architect ")
attractive house at South Orange The issue of October 6 publishes
by Davis, McGrath & KiessHng; a Fames & Young's Boatmen's Bank
familiar house at Wynnewood by Building, at St. Louis, a type now
D. Knickerbacker Boyd; a rather already fairly familiar, and an
ponderous stone dwelling at High articleon door-knockers. The issue
Bridge, N. J., by William Emerson; of October 13 illustrates the Sarah
Albro & Lindeberg's thoroughly Morris Hospital for Children, by
familiar Dows house, at Rhinebeck; Schmidt, Garden & Martin, and
a little brick house at Hartford by House at Germantown, Pa. the Cook County Hospital, at
Smith & Bassett; Delano & Al- DiJhrinS, Okie & Ziegler, Architects
Chicago, 111., with the view-point
(From " The American Architect")
drich's Watson house (with its of the Superintendent, by Oliver H.
nearly impeccably composed serv- Bartine. This issue is therefore a
ants range! —
the structure other- helpful presentation of some of the
wise appearing a little bare and many sides of the hospital prob-
over-economical of detail); the lem. The Cook County Building
apparently incomplete Bartlett has no interest of design, exactly
house, by Hewitt & Bottomley; the reverse being true of the Oak
and two or three minor examples, Forest group, that, in a simple and
including a Colonial house in a directmanner, combines elements
charming setting, at St. James, of theChicago School with others
L. I., by Peabody, Wilson & that suggest —
as in the view of
Brown.
House
E-dmund
at 5t. Martins, Pa.
B. Gilchrist, Architect
the Tuberculosis Section some —
Architecture continues its review (From "The Architectural Record") of the simpler Italian villas. The
of the Hispanic Society's "Spanish children's hospital is a more com-
Rejeria," and the article on "The pound urban structure.
Fenestration of Factory Buildings." The plates in the issue of Oc-
Besides Mr. Grant's nicely rebuilt tober 20 show the Russell Sage
Colonial Church, at Williamstown, Foundation Building, more inter-
Mass., the plates are given to exte- esting in reality than in this pho-
rior and interior photographs and tographic illustration —
largely be-
some working drawings of Trow- House at Point Loma, San Diego, Cal.
cause of its warmth of color. While
bridge & Ackerman's Newberry Carleton M. Winslow, Architect the Foundation's predilection for a
house, at Grosse Pointe Farms, (From "The Architectural Record") treatment so reminiscent of the
Detroit; a rather ornate Georgian warring Florentine factions is curi-
development that, on the terrace ous, yet the two librarj- interiors
front, contains several details so are consistent, and their interest
exuberantly carved as to detract is again much emphasized in ac-

from its otherwise characteristic tuality by their color. Two

refinement, which also loses in re- sketches by Charles Barton Keen,
pose on the entrance front from ofwhich the Spruance house is the
the over-close relation of window more successful, are also printed.
openmgs. An important feature of the
The last five issues of The Amer- issue of October 27 is the unusual
ican Architect prove far more inter- architectural problem solved by
esting than usual. The issue of Glenn and Bedford Brown, IV, in
House at Altadena, Cal.
September 29 contains an article on Reginald D. Johnson, Architect
the new Q Street Bridge at Wash-

I
104 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
(From "The American Architect")

Tuberculosis section
Cook County Infirmary,Oak Forest, III.
Nurses' Home
Richard E.. Schmidt, Garden & Martin, Architects
ington, D. C. Another Chicago (From " The American Architect ") ical Research Institute. All Saints'
hospital by Schmidt, Garden & Church at Goodmayes, by P. K.
Martin, possessing its particular Allen, and a suburban house at
simplicity and serenity of scheme, Putney, by Williams & Cox, are pub-
is illustrated, along with an appro- lished on October i and on October
;

priate door^\'ay, added apparently 8 three premiated designs for the

to an old house in Baltimore, by Rathbone Street Area of the Liver-
Laurence Hall Fowler. The Dud- pool Housing Scheme, of which that
ley Memorial Gate is reproduced placed second suggests the most in-
to show how sadly it is at variance teresting grouping of units. The
— in design, and in scale
feeling, — plates carry the measured drawings
with the other memorial and class of St. George's Church at Edin-
features related to, and forming burgh, attributed to the Brothers
part the beautiful Colonial fence
of,
The Q Street Bridge, Washington, D. C.
Adam, some interior painted de-
Glenn Brown and Bedford Brown, IV, Architects
aroxmd the Harvard "Yard," that (From "The American Architect")
corations in a church at Aldermas-
was started some years ago by Mc- ton, Berks., and an act-drop in the
Kim, Mead & White, and otherwise New Empire Theater, at Cardiff, em-
developed with consistency, refine- ploying a restoration of the Acropolis
ment, and beauty for most of its by A. C. Conrade. A London street
length. fagade by Richardson & Gill indicates
The October Western Architect the extent to which Greek detail has
publishes some of the really inter- already been modified to fit modern
esting architecture of the Norway surroundings. The section on Civic
Centennial Exposition, quite equal- Design is also included. On Oc-
ing the best work developed by tober 13 are republished some Can-
the modern German school. The adian theaters from Construction, and
rather overstressed crudity of the Arthur Moore's new Head Office for
Sweet residence at San Diego invites the British Dominions' General In-
condemnation, while two houses by surance Company, Ltd., the accepted
Dudley Memorial Gate, llaivaiu binveisity, ^^aiiiiJiiuije, Mass.
Diihring, Okie & Ziegler are pre- Howells 5[ Stokes, Architects design for the new Premises for the
sented as solutions of the narrow-lot fprom "The American Architect") (From "The Builder," London) Plymouth Co-operative and Indus-
problem. Pond & Pond's study for trial Society, and an interesting sketch
the Michigan Union Building is, as for the Church of the Holy Apostles
always, an interesting, individual, at Leicester, by Everard, Son & Pick,
and frank architectural treatment of all illustrated in the plates.

a carefully studied problem. The October English Architec-

The Builder for September 7 con- tural Review contains illustrated ar-
tains some etchings of Eastern sub- ticles on Puvis de Chavannes and his
jects, and imperfect photographs of work; Tibaldi and Ri echini in the
Charles E. Bateman's rood screen in series of "Later Renaissance Archi-
Walsall Parish Church, J. Olrid Scott tects" of Italy; the sixth part of War
& Son's St. John's Church at Oxted Monuments, illustrating Sacconi's
and All Saints' Church at Bourne- great structure for Victor Emmanuel
mouth. The issue of September 24 II; a large yet simple London house
illustrates some amusing modem ar- in the Greek influence by G. & A.
chitectural bits from Valencia, and Gilbert Scott, and some illustra-
a charmingly informal villa at Johan- tions*of_Holland plastered work and
nesburg by Herbert Baker, with the examples of some recent English
Sage Foundation BIdg., N.Y. City House in Berkeley St., London
same architect's South African Med- Grosvenor Attert^ury, Architect Richardson & Gill, Architects
town planning.
'

(From ".The Builder, London) (From The Western Architect")

Proposed Church of the Holy Apostles, Leicester, Lngland Machinery Hall, Jubilee Exposition, Christiania, Norway
tveiard, 5on Sl Pick, Architects Henrik Bull, Architect
 THE, ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW

PUBLICATION OFFICL ADVERTISING OFFICE

144 CONGRL55 5TRLLT
BOSTON, MASS. PUBLISHERS- 101
NEW
PARK AVENUE
YORK. N. Y.

DEPARTMENT
THIS month's leading
certain P'rench period
article illustrates
mantelpieces,
and shape, and generally so large as to make
them inappropriate to the scale of the small
comparatively known to most
little dwelling. It has, accordingly, been only
American but here published to
architects, within the last few years that our architects
provide new and suggestive models for mantel- have shown any desire to grapple with the
pieces of unusual types available in much problem of using our field stones after a
new American country-house work. In addi- method that would be practical and archi-
tion, it might be pointed out that these illus- tecturally appropriate as well. This house
trations provide an equally large group of illustratesone handling of that problem, and
unusual examples of iron craftsmanship in the better to give our readers an opportunity
fireplace furniture and, occasionally, in the understandingly to study the results obtained,
iron backs that are sometimes also shown. A we reprint in our line-plates the architects'
secondary article accompanies some illus- drawings for the two principal elevations.
trations of Persian brickwork patterns
of the The way in which brick trimmings have been
Vane on Academic Building, Exeter, N.
sixteenth century, again selected for publica- Cram & Ferguson, Architects
combined with stone, and the simple yet un-
tion because of the recently awakened inter- trammeled employment of both English case-
est throughout the country in the employ- tendency toward a return to stonework as an ment and the more commonplace double-hung
ment of brick pattern-work in new and novel appropriate material for dwelling construc- windows, are particularly worthy of attention.
forms. tion; the more unusual because, while New Some of the interiors are equally informal,
Our
plates for this issue give the working England abounds in old stone walls and fields and unusually direct, in treatment. The hall
drawings of the new Academic Building at still filled with stones, little architectural use is typical of a new sympathy for the "ro-
Exeter, Cram & Ferguson, Architects, carried has been made of the material, —
in domestic mantic" feeling in architectural design that is
out in the Colonial manner, and accompanied —
work at least, partly because of its stub- beginning to express itself in our American
by some exterior and interior photographs of born difficulties of density and scale. The dwelling architecture. The hall and music-
the buikhng. A few items of particular inter- majority of these stones being of granite com- room possess, indeed, an attractive medijeval
est in relation to the structure are also indica- position, they are extremely difficult to fashion simpHcity of aspect that is not the least of
ted or shown upon their interest; and
another text page. they provide, as
Plate XVII in the well, examples of
Modern American the use of old frag-
Church Series, also ments of handi-
issued in this num- craft, borrowed
ber, is of unusual from earlier times
interest from the and an Eurojjean
fact that it is a setting, here to be
chapel built at Mr. employed in new
Cram's country- surroundings. The
place, in Sudbury, garden of the house
of local workman- is shown in both its

ship, using native earlier and later

New England field stages — the former
stone for the exte- better illustrating
rior, and utilizing the architectural
several interesting outlines of the gar-
pieces of church den end.
furniture in the in-
terior, all shown in The January is-

this photograph, sue will be given

by Mr. Buckly. entirely to the illus-
Our added plates ixv tration of Mr. John
this month show Russell Pope's re-
the interestingly cently completed
unusual house re- Temple of the Scot-
cently built for tish Rite, in Wash-

Mrs. F. L. W. ington, the

usual
Richardson at line-plates being
Charles River Vil- accompanied by a
lage, near Boston, great number of
by Richardson, photographic half-
Barott & Richard- tone plates, text
son, one of the illustrations, and a

first of the houses descriptive article;

in this section of rF]t¥-RlC4mRI>SOH our publication be-
New England illus- ing exclusive in the
trating the new RIVER. VlLtjfcE, mG^GHUSETTS professional field.
VI THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVIE.W

JOHN WARD HOUSE

at Salem, Mass. Built in 1684

Words could not portray the lasting

qualities of White Pine as graphically
as this remarkable photograph. The
exact date of the unpainted, weather-
beaten siding is not known, but it is
certain that the siding on the main
portion of the house is from 150 to
200 years old, and stands now as
originally built, with practically no
repairs. The siding on the lean-to
of a considerably later date, but it
is

will be noted that there is no appre-

ciable difference between it and the
siding on the main portion of the
house. Both are in splendid condi-
tion today and good for service for
many years to come.

I'kvh by Mary U. Korthfnii, Sfilem, Mass.

every line there one product that is recognized as pre-eminent.

INAmong woods for
is

home-building this position has for three cen-

turies been accorded to

White Pine
Despite an impression of its scarcity, White Pine is still abundantly available
today, as it always has been, in all grades and in any quantities desired.
If the lumber dealers supplying your clients are at any time unable to furnish
it, we should appreciate the opportunity of being helpful to you in securing it.

The fourth number of White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs, published bi-monthly
the
under the personal direction of Mr. Russell F. Whitehead, formerly editor of "The Architectural
Record" and "The Brickbuilder," will be mailed February first. The subject will be "Colonial
Houses of the Middle and Southern Colonies," with article on the "Colonial Renaissance" by
Frank E. Wallis, Architect.

If you are not receiving the monographs, and you feel interested in having them, kindly advise Russell F.
Whitehead, 132 Madison Avenue, New York City, who will be pleased to furnish you with the
fourth and all subsequent numbers.

Representing
WHITE PINE BUREAU,
The Northern Pine Manufacturers' 334.1 Merchants Bank Building, St. Paul, Minn.
Association of Minnesota, Wisconsin
and Michigan, and The Associated
White Pine Manufacturers of Idaho
 [ti

The Architectural Review

Volume III (Old Series, Vol. XX) December, 1915 Number 9

Some French Period Fireplaces and Mantels

Principally from the Cluny Museum

By 5tuart Bartlett

EVERY
the
architect knows
difficulty of finding
or country house
coming into vogue in this
interiors

good models for French country. While similar in de-

mantelpieces of any style sign, one presents a charac-
other than the several rather teristic over-mantel treat-
well-known, but cumbersome, ment easier of successful em-
examples dating from the ployment than the decorated
reign of Henry Fourth and the and painted plaster of its
many really beautiful and companion, while not the
familiar forms characteristic least value of both consists in
of Louis the Fifteenth and the fact that they are suit-
Sixteenth periods. This is the able of employment without
more unfortunate because so the over-mantel, or with the
many of these unknown long sloping plaster hood that
French examples are quite as is equally characteristic and
picturesque and available for appropriate to the period they
many purposes to-day as any represent.
of the Italian Renaissance Of course, it happens that
fireplaces that are so much some of these fireplaces are
more frequently employed by of so elaborate a treatment,
the architect —
merely be- and were originally executed
cause they are more familiar, at so large a scale, as to make
through previous illustration. them unavailable for ordinary
Many of us also forget that employment —
except under
the Cluny Museum, in Paris, unusual conditions. This will
possesses an unusually fine probably be the case with the
collection of French fireplaces, two other fireplaces illustrated
particularly the
of Carved Wood Chimneypiece in the CliSteau dc Id Ca/e from the Cluny collec-
fifteenth and sixteenth tion, —
the one from
centuries, and there- a house in Rouen, in-
fore any attempt to deed, being of a fair-

illustrate material of ly well-known type,

thiskind would be while the mantel from
most incomplete did Troyes is both less
it not include the familiar and more
major portion of these adaptable to Amer-
beautiful and historic ican conditions of
chimneypieces among employment; particu-
its illustrations. larlywith the over-
In the fifteenth- mantel and upper
century group the portion eliminated.
Cluny collection con- Something of the
tains a pair of stone same criticism of
mantel])ieces from over-elaboration may
Mans that are excep- apply to the two fire-
tionally available as places from Chi-
models for architec- lons-sur-Marne, by
tural use in some of Hugues Lallement,
the picturesque in- where again elaborate
formal club, studio Stone Chimneypiece, Time of Henry II, in the Museum of Decorative Arts carving has entered

Copyright, igij, by The Archikclural Review Company

106 THE ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW

15TH CLNTURY MANTLLPILCE FROM A HOU5L IN MANS 15TH CENTURY MANTELPIECE. FROM A HOUSE IN MANS
NOW IN THL CLUNY MUSEUM NOW IN THL CLUNY MUSEUM

16TH CENTURY MANTELPIECE FROM A HOUSE IN ROUEN 16TH CENTURY MANTELPIECE FROM A HOUSE IN TROYES
NOW IN THE CLUNY MUSEUM NOW IN THE CLUNY MUSEUM
 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW 107

Chimneypiece from Chalons-sur-Marne, by Hugues Lallement 16th Century Chimncjypieco from Chiilons-sur-Morne, by HuSjuci Ldllciiicnt
Now in the Cluny Museum Now in the Cluny Museum
into thedesign par- — Sixteenth's time, is nev-
ticularly the one at the ertheless equally sus-
left, with the master- ceptible of dignified and
fully modeled figures, appropriate use in mod-
that make it one of the ern work. One of these
notably beautiful exam- characteristic shapes is
ples of its time; but still shown in its orig-
these two superb pieces inal location the in
are also capable of ad- simple dining-room of
aptation and employ- the Convent of the
ment without the over- Grande-Chartreuse, and
mantels. Even more a somewhat more elab-
beautiful and unusual is orate example of the
the chimneypiece dat- same type is illustrated,
ing from the beginning at a larger size, from a
of the period of Henry house at La Rochelle.
the Second bases
(the Both these, particularly
of the supporting col- the simpler example, are
ums have apparently capable of direct em-
been lost in its peregrin- ployment under Amer-
ation from its original ican conditions of dwell-
location to the Museum ing-design, and there-
of the Decorative Arts, fore possess a partic-
where it is now dis- Kitchen, Hotel Uieu.ibeaume ular value to the prac-
played), and again tising architect.
the great beauty Appropriate and
and delicacy of picturesque exam-
the carving, while ples are also to be
characteristic and found among the
distinctive, does vanishing kitchens
not prevent its in- of old France, al-
telligent adapta- though it has be-
tion and simplifica- come extremely
tion for modern difficult to find in-

conditions by an stances of the

appreciative and smaller and more
skilful designer. domestic farm-
At a little later house examples in
period there was a sufficiently good
produced a type state of preserva-
of mantel-design tion to make their
that, while not photographing pos-
quite as refined — si b 1 e —
though
and certainly not from those traces
as familiar as — that may be found
the three or four occasionally in the
favorite chimney- smaller French vil-
pieces of Louis the Kitchen, Hotel Grunthuse, Bnjges lages it seems cer-
108 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW

Dining-room, Convent de la Grande-Chartreuse Living-room Mantel, House o( Maire Guilton, La Rochelle

tain that, at one time, the French countryside abounded in examples ofunusual fireplace furniture, —
iron backs, fire-dogs,
naively beautiful fireplaces of the sixteenth and earlier cen- and andirons, the latter especially varying from a simple pattern
turies, now wholly
or partially destroyed in the gradual process such as now occupies the fire opening in the Chateau de la Caze
of the modernizing or "improving" of native hving-conditions. to such elaborate and beautiful Gothic irons as occur in some of
So we have to turn to the two large the other illustrations. Not the irons
kitchens that were, till recently, to be alone, but spits and other pieces of
seen in the hotels at Beaume and fireplace furniture are also to be seen,
Bruges, for indications of a large, but particularly in the two old kitchens,
very informal and picturesque, type where the new ranges and ovens have
of French fireplace. evidently not entirely supplanted the
From the period of Francis the old methods; just as, in Oxford, the
First we have the well-known chim- cooks still preferably use the old spits
ne\pieces in the Chateau Blois, gen- worked by louvers in the chimney-
erally a bit awkward and blocky in throat above, and only depend upon
treatment; and only in the fireplace the new-fangled gas ovens when food
in the Library of Catherine de Meaux has to be prepared rapidly for impa-
do we find a mantel that from its tient diners! Of the andirons, the ma-
modeling and treatment alone would, jority are probably simpler than the
without decoration, be available for furniture originally used in these fire-
modern purposes. Besides these places. The iron backs, on the other
t)pes there is a group of French hand, are more nearly in accord with
mantelpieces even more difficult to the mantels in nearly every case, and
discover, ofwhich one especially in- where not actually a part of the old
terestingexample is illustrated in the chimneypiece, they are always of a
chimnejpiece in the Chateau de la corresponding period. The accom-
Caze, a mantel of wood, beautifully panying spits and bellows, saucepans
proportioned and, as in this case, and kettles, of copper or wrought
often elaborately carved. iron, also suggest examples of other
These photographs also show some Library of Catherine de Meaux, Chateau Blois Crafts of interest in America to-day.

Cha.i Catherine de Medici, Chateau Blob. Wing of Francis the First Room where the Duke of Guise Was Assassinated, Chateau Blois
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 109

5ome Sixteenth-Century Persian Brickwork

And Its Suggestions for Modern Use

With Illustrations from Mr. J. Parker B. Fiske's Collection

LITTLE consideration ordinarily given

is to the brickwork terns and interlacements of conventional ornamental forms; and
of the Orient; but in the recent revival of interest in brick thus the game of "pattern" making and ornamental "repeat"
texture and its accompanying attributes of pattern, it has been familiar to men of that race from their very cradles.
must happen that attention will be directed again to little-known It was therefore all the easier for them to utilize the cruder
or forgotten Oriental examples, such as those found, for in- brick unit —
often with tile as a portion of the pattern or inlay
stance, in Persia. Located so near the old clay beds along the (as in Fig. 2) —
for elaborate wall-surface patterns at larger
Euphrates and Tigris rivers, where probably the first bricks in scale.
the history of the world were manufactured, that country pro- To make brick patterns similar to these Persian examples it
vides instances of brickwork of such beauty of pattern and skill is not necessary to require bricks of any new or unusual propor-
of arrangement as are acquired only through centuries of asso- tions. All these patterns —
and many more —
have been ac-
ciation and employment. The
patternings are often of a com- compUshed with ordinary bricks. Even when a square header-
plexity indicating the greatest craftsmanship on the part of the shape is found, as in Fig. 4, the two inch or two and one quarter
builders. This is true, in a structural sense, of the groined arches inch square brick piece can be made of a clipf)ed header; or a
(shown by a simple example in small square tile can be set into
Fig. i) built of brick and, prob- the wall to accomplish a similar
ably, afterwards plastered; mak- purpose, particularly if it is de-
r ing, in the more stubborn sirable to add color interest to
burned-clay material, much the the texture and patterning of
same intricate shapes as are the panel.
found in the plaster ceiUngs of In Fig. I the builder has em-
the Alhambra. ployed a brick diaper pattern
In undertaking any study of of peculiarly Persian character.
the Persian use of brickwork in Whereas diagonal lines of
wall-surface patterns it must be stretchers are used in the usual
realized how these people have manner, the diagonal squares in
thought for centuries along these between are ornamented with a
Unes, and developed very similar pattern that may well have
patterns, a near-allied art.
in been developed from the Ori-
Some of the oldest Persian tiles Fig. 1. Detail of Wall Angle, Recessed Doorway, Principal Mosque, ental alphabet. It is not a
show the most complicated pat- Masdjed Djuma, Veramid, Persia diaper pattern familiar from

Fig. 2. Detail of Wall and Arch over Lntrance Gallery, Blue Mosque, Fig. 3. Detail,Side Wall of Recessed Entrance, Mosque of
Tabriz, Persia Masdjed Djuma, Veramid, Persia
no THL ARCHITECTURAL RE.V1LW

European and English precedent, and it is not made by headers square panels (different, it should also be noted, in each panel!)

of a color different from the stretcher brick faces; but. in this and the adaptation of one of these identical patterns to the wall
case, altogether by means of a deep, wide, upright 70/;// between border around the larger panel above. It is true that a square
the stretcher ends, thus obtaining a definite shadow, building up unit, conforming to the regular stretcher height, performs an
into the pattern desired. This method of treatment is, by the important part in this pattern; and it may well have been that it
way, a favorite of the Oriental mason. Sometimes he depends was either a special brick, made with a two-inch or two and one-
upon the recessed joint face alone to obtain his effect. At other quarter-inch square head in the different colors necessary to pick
times he makes assurance doubly sure by insetting a dark- out the pattern, — as in the Lotos Club or the Madison Avenue
colored brick or tile to emphasize this pattern (Fig. 3). so, per- Church in New York, —
or it might also have been a small tile.
haps, even adding a Uttle subdued color luminosity to the One of these patterns was used in a house built of tapestry brick
shadows. at Oyster Bay by Carrere & Hastings several years ago.
This use of the recessed joint is shown extremely well in Figs. 5 and 6 both contain suggestions for modern brick em-
Fig. 3. where the pattern is definitely brought out in this way; ployment. In Fig. 5, while the principal pattern is typically
and the star figures are also given surface texture by the wide, Oriental, yet the simplicity with which it has been developed and
sunk, upright joints indicated above. Figs, i and 3 are, by the repeated, by the direct use of herringbone brickwork in two
way, portions of the same wall surface. The lower part of Fig. i colors, depending upon occasional panels of horizontal herring-
may be seen in the upper right-hand portion of Fig. 3. In Fig. 2 bone — in alternation with the upright —to produce the pattern,
is indicated a somewhat similar pattern, in this case the brick is most ingenious in idea. Above the tile cornice is a typically
being inlaid with tiles; the particular effect being obtained by European diaper pattern, here employed as a band; another pat-
concealing certain joints and emphasizing others. The conven- terned band of differently colored stretchers and headers; and,
tional Persian letters, referred to on Fig. i, are here found on the finally, over the apex of the mausoleum, the European diaper
small square tiles set diagonally into the brick figures. pattern reappears, with a different handling, and sc skilfully
The Persian workmen's true refinement and feeling for the worked out as entirely to conceal the difficulties of working it into
form and uses of their material become evident at the borders a rounded surface, decreasing in radius with each course.
and corner angles. In both Figs. 2 and 3 this use of the brick In Fig. 6 the recessed upright joint between brick stretchers to
header (or square) is important, because it allows of the joints develop a pattern or texture again appears. Its textural use
(in all brickwork the joint is always of equal if not even of more shows in the horizontal panel glimpsed through the shrubbery at
importance than the burnt clay unit itself!) separating the square the left; while its possibilities for pattern occur in the Greek fret
header from the boundary lines of both panels, to architecturally or swastika arrangement paneling the wall around the doorway.
frame the corner angle with a clear definiteness and precision not The brick stretcher, laid with a close joint in an elaborate and
otherwise to be obtained. In Fig. 2 a narrower course of squared intricate wall pattern, is also here shown. The panel over the
bricks (such as could be obtained by clipping a brick for a course door, the large wall surface at the right, the smaller horizontal
"closure ") is shown on the margin of the arch soffit. panel above the inscription, —
all indicate these possibilities.
In Fig. 4 an eight-inch brick face with a mitred angle is used Even the inscription is made
of brick; the recessed surface be-
for a border around the smaller panels at the top of the picture, tween the the larger surfaces between the bricks in the
letters,
differently handled at the intersecting eight-inch borders just wall pattern, and the panel above the lettering, being surfaced
below. Note the similarity between the patterns filling the two either with cement or colored tile, according to the effect desired.

Detail, Lower Part of Wall Panel, Interior of Emir Schwester Timurs Mausoleum, Samarkand, Persia
THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW 111
112 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RE.V1LW

The New Academic Building at Exeter Academy

Lxeter, N. H.

Cram & Ferguson, Architects

building at Exeter Academy replaces one

THE new main
which was burned, shortly after the close of the academic
Unlike any of the preceding buildings, this new structure is
and hollow-tile block par-
built of concrete reinforced with iron,
year, on July 5. 1914. This building had replaced a still titions, to make future resistance to fire more certain and the
earlier structure which was also destroyed bj' fire, in December, building more permanent. The building faces south, and it cov-
1870. The Academy authorities decided that the new building ers the sites of both the second and third buildings (the very
should recall, in so far earliest academic struc-
as was possible, this ture, used from 1781 to
older building, which — 1794, was a simple Colo-
built in 1794 — was of nial dwelling, which has
a sufficiently pleasant been removed and is
Colonial type, and fitted now in use as a private
into the revived Clas- residence on upper Front
sical tradition followed Street). The exterior is

in the structures lately built of local water

built at Exeter. Al- struck brick, with trim-
though of course the mings of white Vermont
new building — built of marble, including the
brick where its predeces- cornice. The window-
sors had been of wood
— frames are of wood
could not be a copy in painted white, and the
any close sense of the roof is covered with
old. in theory, at least, slate. The lantern, tak-
the central motive, with ing the form of an oc-
its cupola, is consciously tagonal copper-covered
intended to be some- iecond Academy Building cupola, painted white,
what reminiscent of the (Built in 1 794. Wins added in 1 822. Burned Dec. 17, 1870) was suggested by the
earlier Colonial struc- cupola on the second
ture. building, although it is
In the new Academic here given rather differ-
building most of the ent proportions in due
rooms are recitation and relation to the larger and
conference rooms, with more extended structure
one large study-hall and of which it forms a part;
one lecture-room. The while the domed cupola
architectural feature of roof is surmounted by a
most importance in the weather-vane of a full-
interior is the chapel, rigged ship, executed in'
about seventy feet copper, and very care-
square, which is placed fully modeled after an
upon the second floor, old vessel, a reproduc-
occupying the whole of tion of which is shown
the central portion of the upon another page. Be-
building under the cu- sides the exterior, mar-
pola,and will seat about ble used also upon the
is

eight hundred persons. interior for the entrance

The ceiling is somewhat steps, a considerable por-
elaborately treated in tion of the interior halls
plaster, with a shallow and vestibule, and the
dome in the center open- main stairways.
ing into the cupola The color-scheme has
above. At the back been throughout re-
there is a stage twenty- stricted to simple restful
eight feet long by thir- Colonial tones, — buff,
teen feet high, with a re- gray,and green are used
cess left for an organ, in most of the rooms,
which has yet to be while the Chapel walls
provided. One of the and ceiling are tinted in
smaller second-story a combination of light
rooms has been paneled gray contrasted with a
throughout in wood, in pinkish tone. The base-
a simple, late eighteenth- ment, above the ground
century style, and is level at the rear, contains
used as a faculty room. additional offices, lava-
The furniture for it was tories, and space for the
also esfx;cially made. lnterlor_of Uome and Ceiling ot Chapel customary machinery.
 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW 113

discussion of the problems presented by the Committee on

The Architectural Review Chapters, which discussions centered around what should be
done with the class of individuals that now exist as members
New Series, Volume III, Number 9 of local Chapters, but do not (for one reason or another) seem
Old Series, Volume XX, Number 9 to want to realize their opportunity of becoming full-fledged
members of the Institute. The abolition of this class was evi-
DE.CLMBLR. 1915 dently desired; but there seemed to be no unanimity of agree-
ment as to what method of handling that problem would satis-
THE. ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW COMPANY factorily meet conditions in the various Chapters. The truth of
the matter seemed to be that the situation was so altogether
Merrill B. Sands, President Henry D. Bates, Treasurer
Frank Chouteau Brown, Lditor different in the western (and smaller eastern) cities from the
problem as it was viewed in the larger and more prosjjerous
Publishing and Sutiscription Office building centers that, finally, all endeavor to settle the question
144 CONGRESS STRLET, BOSTON this year was abandoned. A new Committee on Membership
Advertising Offices
was appointed from among the Chapter representatives there
present, and that committee began its sessions on the last days
ARCHITECTS' BUILDING, 101 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK
of the convention in order to prepare to meet the objections
58 EAST WASHINGTON STREET. CHICAGO
raised this year by the time the next convention is assembled!
Published monthly. Price, mailed flat to any address in the United States, $5.00 per annum* The convention therefore took no action on the new Constitu-
in
in
advance; to Canada, $6.00 per annum, in advance; toany foreign address, $6.50 perannum,
advance. Subscriptions begin with the issue following their receipt. Single copies. 50 tion or By-Laws —
in so far as such action would affect this
cents. Entered as second-class mail-matter at the Post-office, Boston, Mass., Nov. 27, 1891.
class of membership —except to pass certain resolutions
making it possible to omit initiation fees and examinations until
PLATES the next convention in the case of all those individuals who
Plates LXXV. LXXX. — —
New Academic Building, Exeter, could be recommended for advancement to Institute membership
N. H. (Plans, Elevations, Sections, Details, and Photo-
graphic Views) —
Cram & Ferguson, Architects.
by their local Chapters, — action taken in the apparent hope
of thus absorbing into the Institute a large proportion of this
—
Plate LXXXI. House for Mrs. F. L. W. Richardson, Charles
River Village, Mass. (Elevations) —
Richardson, Barott &
difficult class of membership before this question would again
come up for discussion next year.
Richardson, Architects.
Plate LXXXII. —
New Academic Building, Exeter, N. H. (Pho- In spite of the full program one question of real vitality came
tographic Views) —
Cram & Ferguson, Architects. to the front again and again during the convention for discussion
from the floor, and that question was the one dealing with the
vital problem of publicity or "advertising " as it affects the in-

THE Forty-Ninth Annual Convention of the American In-

Washington, December i, 2,
stitute of Architects, held in
dividual architect, the Institute, the public, and the profession.
In spite of the great importance of this question it received little
and 3, 191 5, will be recalled as one given to routine con- true consideration from most of those in active control of the
vention business, rather than to the discussion of professional convention; and a motion to strike out the word "advertising"
problems or to the social intercourse and inspiration possible from from the Canon of Ethics (where it now reposes in the midst of
the gathering together of such a representative group of archi- a group of far more heinous professional crimes) finally failed of
tects, coming from all sections of the United States. In the passage on the last day. It would s6em, however, that the prob-
latter directions particularly this convention was far less fruitful lem has been this year so stressed that, another year, the con-
than many of its predecessors, partly from the fact that, because vention can hardly ignore its full consideration.
of the crowded conditions of the hotels of the Capital, those at- Of all the sessions the one that seemed of most interest to the
tending were necessarily scattered around among various hotels greatest number of delegates present was the session on City
and clubs, and the meetings being held at a spot so distant from Planning; and this was true despite the fact that much of the
all it naturally resulted that the delegates became
the hotels, material presented at that session was already in the nature of a
scattered,and congenial groups did not easily get together for thrice-told tale to most members present. Nevertheless, as the
luncheon, or other meals —
except by prearrangement. Thus single session given to the discussion of the profession of archi-
were lost to the delegates some of the most memorable and tecture in its larger outlook, it evidently helped meet this craving
helpful experiences associated with other conventions. of the individuals present, and so satisfied them in a way that
In the crowded program there occurred too Uttle opportunity none of the formal business sessions succeeded in doing.
for the consideration or discussion of topics related to architec- It is to be hoped that more sessions of this type will be planned
ture as a Fine Art, and it was probably a natural result that the for the next convention, as otherwise it is doubtful if the conven-
convention was attended by comparatively few members of the tion will serve its most important purpose of bringing members of
profession outside of the appointed delegates (about one hundred the profession together for informal acquaintance and the dis-
of the latter being present, barely enough to completely carry cussion of important factors in their practice of the profession of
the votes of their organizations, by proxy or otherwise) the — architecture as a Fine Art — an aspect nearly ignored this year.
exceptions being those resident in the locality, or coming from This will next year be all the more necessary, as portions of the
near-by cities, where it was easy to run down for one or more By-Laws passed at this year's convention will permit of a still
of the sessions. Even among the delegates a regrettable number smaller proportion of delegates carrjdng the proxies of the
left immediately after casting their ballots or hearing the re- various Chapters; and this will undoubtedly mean a still smaller
ports of those committees in which they were particularly inter- representation, — unless the program of the convention is so
ested. A great number left after the session on Education, and planned as to appeal to individual members outside those
consequently many Chapters were not represented in the extra strictly delegated as officially representing their various Chapters,
ballot on the last day to settle a tie vote for the Directors. and carrying voting-power in regard to the business that must,
Of the formal sessions, the session on Education (where of necessity, form its due part of each year's sessions.
much time was lost —
even more than usual on account of — It should also be arranged — now that the advance printing
the length of the committee's report) brought out much inter- of committee reports would make their previous circulation easily
esting discussion, and registered overwhelmingly the desire of possible — that these delegates should be instructed, in ad-
the profession for the separation of the departments of architec- vance, as to the desires of their Chapters. At present the con-
ture from the schools of engineering —
an awkward and undig- vention registers less the will of the Institute — or the average
nified combination now existing in most of the colleges where of opinion of that portion of the profession that it represents!
—
architecture is taught; a situation that seems most illogical. than the individual opinions of those present; altogether too
A large part of the time of the convention was given to the small a group even to be truly representative.
114 THL ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW
(From "Architectuie") fFrom "Arctiitectuie")

Current Periodicals
A Review of the Recent American
And Foreign Architectural Publications *

(Fiom "Architectuie")

fountain. Rockefeller Garden I M 111. Meps, Rockefeller Garden

W. W. Bosworth. Architect W. W. Bosworth. Architect

THE relation between "scene

painting" and "architecture"
of the several text
"The Architect's
pages given to
Scrap-Book."
is perhaps not obvious to Mr. John H. Phillips' dwelling at
most practitioners. Nevertheless Tuckahoe, N. Y. (which has been
the architectural illustrations upon previously illustrated), is shown,
this page suggest some of the pic- along with another house (here
turesque and romantic appeal es- credited to Ford, Butler & Oliver),
sential to stage decoration, and also previously published, either in
also essential to architecture, when this, or its earlier, incarnation, by
it is desirable to interest the public Delano & Aldrich. The plates are
along that same line of approach. given to Darling & Pearson's Bank-
Of course, to obtain any such effect ing Building for the Dominion
requires the utmost sympathetic Bank, at Toronto, Canada; Mr.
development of the natural sur- East Terrace, John D. Rockefeller Garden, Pocantico Hills, N. Y. Harrie T. Lindeberg's Corn Ex-
roundings, without which the most W. W. Bosworth, Architect change Bank, New York (already
carefully studied and conscien- illustrated and recently reviewed in
tiously handled architectural design can never begin to realize these columns); McKim, Mead & White's new addition to the
its possibilities of attraction and appeal. Harvard Club in New York, showing the 45th Street facade,
Arcfdlecture for November, in reproducing some attractive unfortunately rather jumbled in effect, the new dining-room and
photographic details of Mr. Bosworth's Rockefeller Garden, at the old, now rearranged as a lounge; and a school at Albany, con-
Pocantico Hills, does much to bring out this thought in this siderably below the average standard now established for school-
month's magazines. These views house architecture in this country.
show the natural growth in an ad- (From "The Architectural Record") In the Parrish Museum, at
vanced state of development, so Southampton, published in the — —
ably supplementing the appeal of November Architectural Record,
its architectural elements. The Mr. Grosvenor Atterbury has pro-
review of the book describing Span- duced an unusually successful and
ish Grilles still continues as this interesting bit of design, Italian in
magazine's leading article, this be- character, but principally success-
ing the fifth instalment; followed ful because of the treatment and
by another, on the fenestration of texture of the brickwork, which is
dwellings, with illustrations, in- based upon laying extremely
cluding a detail of Messrs. Trow- rough bench brick in Flemish bond
bridge & Ackerman's Pratt house composition, but showing courses
(published in The Architectur.^l of 3I X 8 inch brick surfaces alter-
Review. January issue of 1914). nating with upright headers. This
though unfortunately no credit is arrangement, contrasted with the
given to the designers of the struc- brick laid in the more usual man-
tures reproduced; this is also true Parrish Museum, Southampton, L. I. ner on the arches, belt courses, etc.,
Grosvenor Atterbury, Architect
(From "The Western Architect") (From "The Western Architect")

m HIP juu lii

Mil III III

Men's Gymnasium, l-eland Stanford, Jr., University, California Coronado School, Coronado, Cal.
Bakewell & Brown, Architects Quayle Bros. & Cressey, Architects
 THE. ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW 115
(From "The Brickbuilder ")

and aided by the exceptionally thing of the same feeling, but

rough texture of the brick, re- unfortunately suffers from the
sults in an unusually distinctive insufficiently related composi-
and successful architectural ef- tion of some of the major ele-
fect. Mr. D. Knickerbacker ments composing the design.
Boyd's development of the large Several houses by Victor Andre
estate for Charles S. Walton, Matteson contain certain ele-
Esq., at St. Davids, Pa., is an- ments of the English and "Chi-
other unusual problem, and one L^^ r
cago" Schools, rather unusual
-'
that has been developed in a n n n n kvyk ri n n n n ._u^ to find in combination.
novel and picturesque manner, The October Brickbuilder con-
employing stone so rough and -DaDDlllirmtKi^gi; tinues the articles on native
irregular that the jointing nearly woods for finish, and modem
obscures the stone surfaces, Gilman Hall, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. German architecture, as well as
which break through at irreg- Parker, Thomas & Rice, Architects including others on the illumina-
(From "The Brickbuilder")
ular intervals, producing a rough tion of the suburban house, the
texture and color effect on the new T-Square Club Building at
wall surface. Cement isem- Philadelphia, and the acoustics
ployed for most of the mould- of auditoriums. The illustra-
ings, with occasional brick tions include some new build-
courses. A large garden patio, ,
11
'I ' r ings at Johns Hopkins Univer-
—
garage, gate-lodge, pump-house,
and log cabin form parts of the
estate.
seem to
The interiors hardly
be as successful, or pos-
mm sity, Gilman Hall, by Parker,
Thomas & Rice, and the Me-
chanical and Electrical Engineer-
ing Building, by Joseph Evans
sessing of as pleasing novelty, Sperry; a new Y. W. C. A.
as the exterior of the buildings. Building at Newark, by George
Engineering Building, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Md.
Mr. John J. Klauber writes of
Joseph Evans Sperry, Architect
B. Post & Sons, where the char-
moving-picture theaters, illus- (From "The'Brickbuilder ") acteristic unstructural brick
trated with plans and sections header treatment first developed
of theaters in Philadelphia by by McKim, Mead & White in
Stearns & Castor; at Ridge- the Colony Club in New York
wood, N. J., by Davis, McGrath (a building with extremely deli-
& and Ingalls & Hoff-
Kiessling;
LLLLL
^a' cate Colonial detail) has here,
I'll
man's Neighborhood Playhouse fi 1 1
iJLl li;'l mil li with utter lack of regard for its
in New York City (the latter innate refinement in scale, been
proving to be —
inside, as well '.^.' employed with the utterly an-
as out —
a rather close duplicate Addison ictiool, Cleveland, Ohio achronistic and out-of-scale clas-
5. Barnum and W. R. McCornack, Architects window forming
of The Little Theater they de- F.
sic the most
(From "The American Architect ")
signed for Mr. Ames) An article
. important feature of the design.
on the design of the marquise, by An attractively simple school
John T. Fallon, is accompanied building at Cleveland, by F. S.
by text illustrations, and Mr. Barnum and W. R. McCornack,
Denivelle writes of the texture is also of an unusual arrange-
and color of the Panama-Pacific ment, well adapted to the un-
Exposition Buildings, with illus- usual site — and its restful qual-
trations showing the simulation ity goes far to convince us as to
of the Roman travertine stone. a preference for this tj-pe of
Mr. Glenn Brown contributes treatment over the less rest-
personal reminiscences of Mr. ful Elizabethan design. The
McKim; and some rather crudely Nurses' Home, Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium, Chicago, 111.
Walker School, at Concord,
W. A. Otis and [udwin H. Claric, Architects
drawn etchings of the Brooklyn (From " The American Architect ")
N. H., by Huse Templeton
Bridge are also shown, along Blanchard, is of a more monu-
with an illustrated editorial note mental and usual type. Howells
on the outcome of the competi- & Stokes' Dudley Memorial
tion for the entrance to Schenley Gate is again illustrated, along
Park, at Pittsburgh. with a group of stores at Chat-
The Western Architect pub- ham, Mass., by Henry Bailey
lishes Quayle Brothers & Cres- Alden and William H. Cox, at-
sey's Coronado School, in Cali- tractive enough in general as-
fornia, which, despite its some- Lincoln School, Providence, R. I. pect, but somewhat spoiled in
E. B. Homer. Architect
what over-fanciful design, is detail bj- the obtrusive and un-
(From " The American Architect")
nevertheless interestingly sug- feeling use of forced and bizarre
gestive for its picturesque, and brick patterns.
even almost romantic, elements. The November Brickbuilder
It hints at the most Mw-Puritan gives both plate and text pages
possibility of making the school principally to the consideration
more appealing to the scholars of work, par-
certain hospital
from a more vivid attraction pos- ticularly the Municipal Tuber-
hand-
sible in its architectural culosis Sanitarium at Chicago,
hng! Bakewell & Brown's gym- by W. A. Otis and Edwin H.
nasium at Leland Stanford, Jr., Clark, and the Cook County
Cossitt Memorial, Colorado College, Col.
University also contains some- Maurice B. Biscoe, Architect
Tuberculosis Colony and In-
 116 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
(From "The American Architect")
firmary. at Oak Park, 111., by trated by elaborately formal
Richard E. Schmidt. Garden and complicated examples,
& Martin. In addition, a especially of the French type.
bath-house at Hot Springs. Carrere & Hastings' Pulitzer
Ark., is described and illus- Memorial, in the Plaza at the
trated, and another instal- Park entrance on Fifth Ave-
ment of Mr. Price's articles nue and 59th Street, New
on native woods for interior York City, is prematurely
finish is also included. Of the illustrated by photographs
hospital groups the scheme showing the memorial (pub-
designed by ^Iessrs. Otis & lished in our issue of May,
Clark is interesting, partic- 1913) in an unfortunately in-
ularly for the accompan\-ing complete state, and from such
plans. The structures, both of poorly selected points of view
brick and plaster, are based as to feature its dreary back-
upon a central administra- ground rather than the struc-
tion, dining and ser\-ice group,
Bird's-eye View, State Capitol Buildings, Olympia, Wasji.
ture itself. Two buildings
with a number of smaller resi- Wilder & While, Architects from the Panama Pacific Ex-
dential units upon either side (From "The Architectural Record") position published: one,
are
oriented to face the southeast. Thomas H. Burditt's California
The Cook County Tuberculosis Building, containing many de-
Group has already been illus- tails recalling the old mission
trated, and was commented upon architecture of the State, despite
by us on its previous recent publi- its over-elaborate composition;
cation in The American Architect. and the Cuba Pavilion, a poor
Tfie American Architect pub- attempt at reproducing the
lishes, November 3. an article courtyard of the Bureau of the
on "New English Country American Republics at Wash-
Houses," with several text illus- ington. A San Francisco office
trations, extending over into the building by Bliss & Faville is
plates;Mr. E. B. Homer's Lin- also shown, along with one of
coln School, at Providence, a the new memorial pylons at
plaster building of rather a Columbia University, by
domestic type; and a Memorial McKim, Mead & White.
Building at Colorado College, The issue for November 24 is

by Maurice B. Biscoe, a Gym- given work,

to miscellaneous
Charles 5. Walton House, 5t. Davids, Pa.
nasium and Commons having an built and projected, by Wilder &
David Knickerbacker Eioyd. Architect
outdoor arena of smaller and White. From the illustrations of
more intimate form than the gigantic structures of similar type the new Capitol Group for the State of Washington, at Olympia,
recently erected in the East. we reproduce a bird's-eye perspective. The other plates princi-
In the issue for November 10 is published, at great length, a pally consist of small houses and school buildings.
structure for the Headquarters Building of the New York Pali- The Builder for October 22 reprints some illustrations of the
sades Interstate Park, in which, through a mistaken idea of hav- San Diego Exposition, and students' drawings of the Royal Col-
ing it appropriately "rustic" in design, all regard for architec- lege of Art, with details of St. George's Parish Church, Edin-
tural principles has been lost. The term "rustic" has un- burgh. October 29 contains illustrations of Grace Church, San
fortunately come to be one of (From " The Builder," London) Francisco, and the Spanish
reproach. It would naturally Church, New York City. No-
suggest due consideration for vember 5 shows a house at
those principles of appropriate- by Melville Seth-
Beaconsfield,
ness and beauty inseparable in Ward, by some small illustra-
nature; and that the attempts of tions; a drawing for the rood
man to imitate them need not screen for the Cathedral at
be such a burlesque parody as Hobart Town, Tasmania, by
this has been amply proven by Messrs. Bodley & Hare; a rere-
the Japanese. A house at Pied- dos in a church in Victoria Park;
mont, Cal., by Bliss & Faville, and Mr. Stratton's proposed re-
probably hardly appears to ad- modeling of King's College
House at Sunningdale, England
vantage in these reproductions; Tubbs, Messer &
Poulter, Architects School, Wimbledon Common.
it is here cold and bare (From "The Builder," London) November 12 publishes
to a degree. The J. N. o' ANTtOELS Mr. C. E. Bateman's
Wright house, at Den- Parish Church screen at
ver, in attempting to re- Walsall additions
; to
call Eastern character- Madingley Hall, by
istics of design, unfor- Gotch & Saunders; a
tunately incorporates rambling country house
needless extravagances with big stacks, at Sun-
and crudities, such as ningdale; a design for a
the curving buttress and little English church at

urns at the corners, and Cap d'Antibes, by Frank

the end gable treatment. L. Pearson; and part of
The issue for Novem- the Margarethe-Hohe
5outh Elevation West EJevalion from the Archi-
ber 17 contains an arti- Lnglish Church, Cap d'Antibes
article
cle on lattice work, illus- Frank L. Pearson. Architect tectural Review.

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 THE ARCHITLCTURAL REVIEW PLATE II

VOL III, NO. I

Photograph by Julian Buckiy

DE.TAIL OF E.NTRANCE. FROM FORLCOURT ^»

COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLLN COVE. LONG ISLAND

TROWBRIDGL & ACKERMAN. ARCHITECTS
ii
 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW
VOL. 111.. NO. I PLATL III

Fhofograph by Julian Buckty

DtTAIL OF DINING-ROOMi.BAY

COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLEN COVL, LONG ISLAl^D

TROWBRIDGE. & ACKLRMAN. ARCHITE.CT5

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 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
vol- IIU NO. PLATt V

Pholotraph by Julian Buckty

SOUTH TE.RRACE. 5TLP5 AND LIVING-ROOM BAY
COUNTRY HOUSE AT GLLN COVE, LONG ISLAND
TROWBRIDGt & ACKF.RMAN. ARCHITF.CT5
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 VOL. III.. NO. I
THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
PLATt XII"

Phnlographs by Julian Buckly

DETAIL OF DINING-ROOM

COUNTRY HOUSE. AT GLEN COVL, LONG ISLAND

TROWBRIDGE. & ACKERMAN, ARCHITECTS
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 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW PLATE XIV
VOL. 111.. NO. 2

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WILLIAM C. WESTON, ARCHITECT
 NO. 2
THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW PLATE. XV
VOL. III..

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VOL. III., NO. 2 PLATt XVIII

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'JEFFERSON - COVNTY -3AVINC3 - BANK-

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SCALE. DRAWINGS OF ORDtR AND LOWE.R 5TOR1L5

JEFFERSON COUNTY SAVINGS BANK. BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
WILLIAM C. WE.5TON. ARCHITECT
 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVItW
VOL. III.. NO. 2 PLATE XIX

j^tcricin AT
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SCALE DRAWINGS AND DETAILS Of ORDER AND UPPER STORIES

JEFFERSON COUNTY SAVINGS BANK. BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
WILLIAM C WESTON. ARCHITECT
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VOL. III., NO. 2
PLATt XX

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JEFFERSON COUNTY SAVINGS BANK, BIRMINGHAM, ALA.

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VOL. IIU NO. 3 PLATE XXIV

COMPETITION FOR THL PITTSBURGH COURT HOU5E.-CITY HALL, PITTSBURGH, PA.

RUTAN & RUSSELL, ARCHITECTS
 THE. ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW
VOL. III.. NO. 3 PLATE XXV

COMPLTHION FOR THE PITTSBURGH COURT HOUSE-CITY HALL. PITTSBURGH. PA.

KIEHNEL & ELLIOTT, ARCHITECTS
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VOL. III.. NO. 4 PLATE XXX

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tU-VATIONS AND SLCIIONS. PERMANENT FINE ARTS BUILDING, PANAMA-CALIFORNIA EXPOSITION. SAN DIEGO, CAL.. 1915
Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson, Architects, New York City liertram Grosvenor Goodhue, Advisory and Consulting Architect to the Exposition
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THE. ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
PLATL XXXIII

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FRONTlSPILCt AT ENTRANCE. PERMANENT CALIFORNIA STATE BUILDING. PANAMA-CALIFORNIA EXPOSITION, SAN DIEGO. CAU. 1915
Cram. Goodhue & Ferguson. Architects, New York City Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue. Advisory and Consulting Architect to the Exposition
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
VOL. III.. NO. 4 PLATE XXXIV

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Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson, Architects, New York City Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, Advisory and Cortsultin^ Architect to the Exposition
 THE ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
VOL. III.. NO. 4
PLATE XXXV

SECTIOkToN C£NTt^-LIN£

DLTAIL OF LAST AND WEST WINDOWS. PERMANENT CALIFORNIA STATE BUILDING. PANAMA-CALIFORNIA EXPOSITION, SAN DIEGO. CAL.. 1915
Cram. Goodhue & FerSuson, Architects, New York City Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, Advisory and Coruultin^ ArctiHecl lo the Lxposition
 VOL. III., NO. 4
THE. ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
PLATt XXXVI

OUTLR AND INNER LLE.VATION OF ENTRANCE. GATEWAY CONNECTING PERMANENT CALIFORNIA STATE AND FINE ARTS BUILDINGS.
PANAMA-CAUFORNIA EXPOSITION, SAN DIEGO. CAU. 1915
Cram. Goodhue Si Ferguson, Archilpcts, New York City Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, Advisory and Consulting Architect to the Exposition
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VOL IIL. NO. 5 PLATE XXXIX

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\OU III.. NO. 5 PLATt XL

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VOL III.. NO. 5 PLATE. XLI

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 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW PLATE XLII
VOL. ML. NO. 5

f>/T tLcVAJION
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LLEVATION5. STAIRCASE HALL

PRINCLTON CHARTER CLUB, PRINCLTON, N. J.

MELLOR & MEIGS, ARCHITECTS

VOL. III.. NO. 5
THL ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW PUATt XUII

ELLVATIONS, HALL. AND LIBRARY FIRtPLACt LND

PRINCETON CHARTER CLUB. PRINCETON. N. J.

MELLOR & MEIGS. ARCHITECTS

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VOL. III., NO. 5 PLATE XLVII

DETAIL OF STAIR HALL

PRINCETON CHARTER CLUB, PRINCETON, N. J.

MELLOR Si MEIGS, ARCHITECTS

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PUTNAM COUNTY COURT-HOU5L, OTTAWA. O.

FRANK L. PACKARD. ARCHITE.CT: RALPH SNYDE-R, ASSOCIATE.; L. F, BABBITT, ENOINLE.R

 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
VOL IIU NO. 6 PLATE LI

CoTpcr ^Krifi -h C*v«r faf tf TO tf -iw "bt

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VOL 111.. NO. 7 PLATE. LIX

SOUTH ELEVATION

NOR-TH ELEVATION

DRAWING NO- 6.
MCKINLEY BIRTHPLACE MEMORIAL DATE--f -llo- /f/f
N1LE5-0HI0 MADE-BY -^^Mu-Ji^
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lOI PARK AVENUE - NEW YORK. aTY •

SOUTH AND NORTH E.LEVATION5

McKINLLY BIRTHPLACE. MEMORIAL, NILE5, OHIO
McKIM, MtAD & WHITt. ARCHITE.CTS
 THL ARCHITLCTURAL RLVILW
VOL. 111., NO. 7 PLATE. LXIII

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 THE. ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
VOL 111.. NO. 8 PLATE LXV

SPLNCLR TRA5K MLMORIAL. CONGRL55 PARK, SARATOGA, N. Y.

HE.NRY BACON. ARCHITE.CT: DANIEL C. FRENCH, SCULPTOR

i
 THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

VOL III.. NO. 8 PLATE LXVI

FULL-SIZE. DETAIL DRAWINGS

SPENCER TRASK MEMORIAL. CONGRESS PARK, SARATOGA, N. Y.

HtNRY hACO.N. ARCHITECT; DANIEL C. FRENCH. SCULPTOR

 THL ARCHITECTURAL RLVILW
\OL III.. NO. 8
PLATt LXVII

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5PLNCLR TRA5K MLMORIAL, CONGRLSS PARK, SARATOGA, N. Y.

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VOL. III.. NO. 8 PLATt LXXIV

5PENCLR TRASK MLMORIAL, CONGRESS PARK, SARATCXiA, N. Y.

HENRY BACON. ARCHITECT; DANIEL C. FRENCH. SCULPTOR

 THE ARCHITLCTURAL RLVIE.W
VOU III.. NO. 9 PLATE LXXV

GLNERAL VIEW OF FRONT

ENTRANCE HALL AND LANDING .*

NEW ACADEMIC BUILDING, EXETER, N. H.

CRAM & FERGUSON, ARCHITECTS

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