GEOLOGI KELAUTAN

ANDRI SS ASEP BAMBANG IDHAM A. VERY

MUBANDI SAEPULOH PRIADI KURNIAWAN SUSANTO

GL-3001 / 2 SKS / Teknik Geologi - ITB

 Cekungan Samudera
dan Asal Mula Air

GL-3201 Geologi Kelautan - Teknik Geologi - ITB - 2021

Topography of Earth’s Ocean Basins
Topography of Pacific Ocean Basin
KONFIGURASI (MOSAIK) LEMPENG

BATAS LEMPENG (LITOSFER)

Dating
the
Breakup
Matching of Metallogenic Provinces (Shuiling, 1967)
Teori Pengapungan Benua
Continental Drift
PLATE TECTONICS and the SEAFLOOR
❖ Seafloor Spreading
❖ Subduction
❖ Transform Faulting
❖ Continental Rifting and Collision
❖ Hot Spots
PENGGERAK LEMPENG

• Arthur Holmes (1930)

➔ arus konveksi
• Harry Hess dan Dietz (1960)
➔ Sea floor spreading
• Wilson Cycle
Movement of Plates and Hot Spots
INTERAKSI LEMPENG TEKTONIK

A.Divergen C. Konvergen (Subduksi)

B. Transform D. Konvergen (Kolisi)
 Earth Processes That Create Seafloor Features
Continental Margins
1) Features resulting from Continental Rifting
➢ Continental Shelf and Slope
Deep-Sea Oceanic Basins
1) Features generated by Seafloor Spreading
➢ Mid-Ocean Ridges and Fracture Systems
➢ Oceanic Islands, Seamounts and Plateaus
2) Features generated by Subduction
➢ Trenches and Island Arcs
➢ Forearc Islands
3) Features resulting from Sedimentary processes
➢ Abyssal Plains and Hills
➢ Continental Rises
➢ Submarine Canyons
Mid-Ocean Ridge and Fracture Systems

Key Points ➢ Mid-ocean ridge systems

represent the most extensive chain
of active mountains on Earth
➢ Active faulting and volcanism
➢ Sea bottom is covered by rugged
bedrock of young pillow basalt
➢ Little to no pelagic sediment
➢ Site of active hydrothermal vents
Cross-Section of the North
Atlantic Ocean Basin
TEKTONIK LEMPENG

PERTUMBUHAN SAMUDERA
 The
Geomagnetic
Reversal Time
Scale

BPRIADI-ITB 2008
Pemekaran Lantai Samudera
Sea-Floor Spreading
Pemekaran
Lantai
Samudera

Sea-Floor
Spreading

BPRIADI-ITB 2008
Atlantik 65 jtl

BPRIADI-ITB 2008
Atlantik saat ini
 TEKTONIK LEMPENG

http://www.indiana.edu/~g105lab/1425chap13.htm

http://www2.brevard.edu/reynoljh/onlinegeology/tectonics/platetectonics3.htm
AGE OF EARTH’S OCEAN BASINS
Cross-Section Profile of an Ocean Basin

Large-Scale Ocean Bottom Features

✓ Continental shelf, slope, and rise
✓ Abyssal plains and hills
✓ Mid-ocean ridge and rift valley
✓ Oceanic islands, seamounts, and guyots
✓ Ocean trench
 CONTINENTAL MARGIN
Continental margin is the submerged shelf and slope
that marks the outer edge of a major landmass (i.e.
continent)

It is the area where continental crust meets oceanic

crust
02B-CONTINENTAL MARGIN (1)

CONTINENTAL the outer edge of

continents where
MARGINS continental crust meets
oceanic crust

PASSIVE ACTIVE

Geologically Geologically
inactive active

Not associated Associated

with subduction, with plate
earthquake boundary
nor volcanism (subduction)
Active Margins
Active or Passive Margin ?
Subduksi/kolisi memperkecil volume cekungan?

http://www.nvcc.edu/home/cbentley/geoblog/labels/plate%20tectonics.html
Sedimentasi memperkecil volume cekungan?

Apa yang terjadi, apabila

keseluruhan daratan diisikan ke
dalam Samudra ?
 Elevation Relief Profile of Earth Surface
1. Sea level
2. Continental shelf
3. Continental slope
4. The deep ocean floor
5. Mean depth of ocean
= 4 km below sea level
6. Mean altitude of land
= 1 km above sea level
7. Mt. Everest = 8848m
8. Marianas Trench
= 11022m
 Pabrik Semen Andalas – Lhok Nga

Pantai Lampuuk - Aceh

 Lampuuk

Singapore

Jakarta

Peta Fisiografi Tektonik Pulau Sumatra yang menunjukan morfologi tepi

kontinen dan cekungan samudra. Tampak dibagian paling barat P.
Sumatra adalah punggung tengah samudra (MOR) Ninety East Ridge.
Mendekat kearah Sumatra adalah jalur zona penunjaman (subduction
zone).
Asal Mula Air
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
 https://in.pinterest.com/pin/295056213068973217/

Mengapa di Bulan dan Mars tidak ada air ?

https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
PROSES PEMBENTUKAN BUMI
PROSES PEMBENTUKAN BUMI
PROSES PEMBENTUKAN BUMI
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
 How did the
Earth get its
water? Asteroid
sample gives a
surprising answer
Scientists have long
debated exactly where
the Earth’s water comes
from. One theory
suggests that it might
have been captured
from the asteroids and
comets that collided with
it. Another argues that
water was always present
in the rocks of the Earth’s
mantle and was
gradually released to the
surface through
volcanoes.

https://theconversation.com/how-did-the-earth-get-its-water-asteroid-
sample-gives-a-surprising-answer-116381
 The mystery of why Earth has so much water,
allowing our “blue marble” to support an
astounding array of life, is clearer with new
research into comets. Comets are like snowballs of
rock, dust, ice, and other frozen chemicals that
vaporize as they get closer to the Sun, producing
the tails seen in images. A new study reveals that
the water in many comets may share a common
origin with Earth’s oceans, reinforcing the idea that
comets played a key role in bringing water to our
planet billions of years ago.

Illustration of a comet, ice grains and Earth’s

oceans. SOFIA found clues in Comet Wirtanen’s
ice grains that suggest water in comets and Earth’s
oceans may share a common origin.

Credits: NASA/SOFIA/L. Cook/L. Proudfit

https://fineartamerica.com/featured/comet-hyakutake-
seen-on-march-22nd-1996-gordon-garraddscience-photo-
The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
library.html Astronomy, SOFIA, the world’s largest airborne
Letters. observatory, observed Comet Wirtanen as it made
“We have identified a vast reservoir of Earth-like its closest approach to Earth in December 2018.
water in the outer reaches of the solar system,” said Data collected from the high-flying observatory
Darek Lis, a scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion found that this comet contains “ocean-like” water.
Laboratory, in Pasadena, California, and lead author Comparing this with information about other
of the study. “Water was crucial for the development comets, scientists suggest in a new study that
of life as we know it. We not only want to understand many more comets than previously thought could
how Earth’s water was delivered, but also if this have delivered water to Earth. The findings were
process could work in other planetary systems. published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/comet-provides- https://fineartamerica.com/featured/comet-hyakutake-
new-clues-to-origins-of-earth-s-oceans seen-on-march-22nd-1996-gordon-garraddscience-photo-
 Misteri mengapa Bumi memiliki begitu banyak air,
memungkinkan "marmer biru" kita untuk
mendukung rangkaian kehidupan yang
menakjubkan, menjadi semakin jelas dengan
penelitian baru tentang komet. Komet seperti
sebuah bola salju yang tersusun oleh batu, debu,
es, dan bahan kimia beku lainnya yang menguap
saat mendekati Matahari, menghasilkan ekor yang
terlihat pada gambar. Sebuah studi baru
mengungkapkan bahwa air di banyak komet
mungkin memiliki asal yang sama dengan lautan
Bumi, memperkuat gagasan bahwa komet
memainkan peran kunci dalam membawa air ke
planet kita miliaran tahun yang lalu.

https://fineartamerica.com/featured/comet-hyakutake-
seen-on-march-22nd-1996-gordon-garraddscience-photo-
library.html
“"Kami telah mengidentifikasi sebuah reservoir besar Ilustrasi komet, butiran es, dan lautan Bumi. SOFIA
air mirip bumi di bagian terluar tata surya," Darek menemukan petunjuk dalam butiran es Komet Wirtanen
Lis, seorang ilmuwan di Jet Propulsion Laboratory bahwa air di komet dan lautan Bumi mungkin memiliki asal
NASA, di Pasadena, California, dan penulis utama yang sama.
studi tersebut. “Air sangat penting untuk
Kredit: NASA/SOFIA/L. Masak/L.
perkembangan kehidupan seperti yang kita ketahui. The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy,
Kami tidak hanya ingin memahami bagaimana air SOFIA, observatorium udara terbesar di dunia, mengamati
Bumi dikirim, tetapi juga jika proses ini dapat bekerja Komet Wirtanen saat mendekati Bumi pada bulan
di sistem planet lain” Desember 2018.

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/comet-provides- https://fineartamerica.com/featured/comet-hyakutake-
new-clues-to-origins-of-earth-s-oceans seen-on-march-22nd-1996-gordon-garraddscience-photo-
 https://fineartamerica.com/fea
tured/comet-hyakutake-seen-

Comets are like snowballs of on-march-22nd-1996-gordon-

garraddscience-photo-
library.html
rock, dust, ice, and other frozen
chemicals that vaporize as they
get closer to the Sun, producing
the tails seen in images.
A new study reveals that the
water in many comets may share
a common origin with Earth’s
oceans, reinforcing the idea that
comets played a key role in
Bringing water to our planet
billion years ago
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/comet-provides-new-clues-to-origins-of-
earth-s-oceans
https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/20-things-you-
didnt-know-about-comets

https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/water-come
 https://fineartamerica.com/fea
tured/comet-hyakutake-seen-
on-march-22nd-1996-gordon-
garraddscience-photo-
library.html
Comet Wirtanen
as it made its closest approach
to Earth in December 2018.

Data collected from

the high-flying observatory
found that
➔ this comet contains
“ocean-like” water.

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/comet-provides-new-clues-to-origins-of-
earth-s-oceans
 Did water-based life originate without water?

https://phys.org/news/2018-01-water-based-
life.html
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6507/1058
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
https://www.slideserve.com/baxter/origin-of-the-atmosphere-hydrosphere
https://www.slideserve.com/baxter/origin-of-the-atmosphere-hydrosphere
Salt's taste (as water) is influenced by the minerals it contains, and their quantity. A
sea salt is therefore more suitable for food, and its quality is better if it is harvested
often. This is the case with Guérande salt, the only French sea salt harvested every
day in summer. TRAD Y SEL Guérande salt is unspoilt and 100% natural. It meets the
requirements of a quality cooking salt.
https://www.tradysel.com/en/benefits
https://www.acne.org/how-will-swimming-in-seawater-affect-my-acne.html
 SODOM AND GOMORRAH AND PLATES
TECTONIC

https://www.researchgate.n
et/publication/327667212_S
ODOM_AND_GOMORRAH_A
ND_PLATES_TECTONIC/figure
s?lo=1

Figure 2-Dead Sea tectonic area sector of the sliding African and Arabic
plates, which has resulted in a tectonic depression occupied in part by the
Dead Sea. (Tectonics and Geology of the Dead Sea.
Https://woodshole.er.usgs.
 https://www.researchgate.n
et/publication/327667212_S
ODOM_AND_GOMORRAH_A
ND_PLATES_TECTONIC/figure
s?lo=1

Figure 3-Geological cut of the Dead Sea, located in a Miocene tectonic

depression and resting on a base of granite and basalts on which more
recent calcareous sedimentary rocks overlap. The Western bleed fault
moves Southward while the eastern transforming fault is headed North.
(Hernán Toledo, 2016.)
SIKLUS UNSUR SODIUM (Na) DI BATUAN  ➔ SAMUDERA

https://www.slideserve.com/baxter/origin-of-the-atmosphere-hydrosphere
 BERPENGARUH
PADA VOLUME
CEKUNGAN

https://www.slideserve.com/galvin-gamble/geosphere-iii-the-origin-of-earth-s-water
Hari ini sekian dulu yaa
Terima Kasih