AATCC Test Method 163-2002

Colorfastness: Dye Transfer in Storage; Fabric-to-Fabric

Developed in 1985 by Committee RR92; 3.2 dye, n.—a colorant applied to or 7. Procedure
editorially revised and reaffirmed 1986, formed in a substrate, via the moleculary
1992, 1997, 2002; reaffirmed 1987; ed- dispersed state, which exhibits some de- 7.1 Option I.
itorially revised 1995, 2001. gree of permanence. 7.1.1 Immerse in distilled or deionized
3.3 transfer, n.—in textile processing, water at 24 ± 3°C (75 ± 5°F) both the mul-
testing, storage and use, movement of a tifiber fabric and the fabric selected for the
1. Purpose and Scope chemical, dye or pigment between fibers opposite side of the sandwich (see 5.4).
within a substrate or between substrates. The wet pickup of these fabrics should be
1.1 The storage of garments made with 100-110% (see 11.2). Do not wet out the
component parts of more than one shade specimen to be tested to prevent removal
4. Safety Precautions of dye or finish before testing begins.
sometimes results in the transfer of dye
from one area to another, normally from NOTE: These safety precautions are 7.1.2 Prepare a sandwich with the dyed
the darker to the lighter shade. This phe- for information purposes and are not in- test specimen between pre-wet multifiber
nomenon is distinct from sublimation be- tended to be all inclusive. It is the user’s cloth and the pre-wet white swatch (see
cause it occurs below the sublimation responsibility to use safe and proper tech- 5.4).
temperature of dyes as well as with non- niques in handling materials and equip- 7.1.3 Clamp the sandwich (prepared as
subliming dyes. ment in this test method. Manufacturers directed in 7.1.2) between two clean
1.2 Dye transfer occurs when garments MUST be consulted for specific details plates of the Perspiration Tester. Set the
are folded with different shades in inti- such as material safety data sheets and Perspiration Tester as instructed in 8.4.1
mate contact with each other. Normally other manufacturer’s recommendations. of AATCC Method 15 except that the
the amount of dye transferred is intensi- All OSHA standards and rules must also unit is not placed in an oven.
fied when moisture is present, and thus be consulted and followed. 7.1.4 Enclose the Perspiration Tester in
the problem is more severe during warm, 4.1 Good laboratory practices should a polyethylene bag along with a dish (see
humid weather or when garments are be followed. Wear safety glasses in all 5.6) containing at least 50 mL of distilled
steamed immediately before storage. laboratory areas. or deionized water to maintain high rela-
Storage in plastic bags tends to maintain 4.2 Manufacturer’s safety recommen- tive humidity in the polyethylene bag.
the initial relative humidity of the gar- dations should be followed when operat- Seal the opening in the bag with a twist
ment environment and can aggravate or ing laboratory testing equipment. tie or rubberband if Ziploc bag is not used
reduce transfer depending on the condi- (see 5.2). Allow to remain 48 h at room
tion of the fabric when it enters the bag.
1.3 This test method is intended to esti-
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4.3 Observe padder safety. Ensure ade-
quate guard at the nip point. Normal safe-
guards on pad should not be removed. A
temperature (24 ± 3°C). Take care that
the Perspiration Tester does not fall into
mate if color transfer might be expected the water dish.
foot-operated kickoff is recommended.
to occur during prolonged periods of stor- 7.1.5 Remove the cover from the Per-
age. In general, no problems will be ex- spiration Tester, remove the sandwiched
pected under normal conditions of stor- 5. Apparatus and Materials specimens from the tester and separate
age or time-delay, if color transfer does 5.1 AATCC Perspiration Tester (see the swatches. Allow the swatches to dry
not occur under the conditions specified 11.1). at room temperature.
in Section 7 (Procedure). 7.2 Option II.
5.2 Plastic bag, polyethylene, large
1.4 This test method may be used also enough to contain Perspiration Tester. A 7.2.1 An accelerated test procedure has
to assess potential color transfer prob- Ziploc bag of suitable size may be used. been used showing approximately the
lems that relate to finishing. Some dyes same results on some dyed or finished
5.3 Multifiber Test Fabric No. 10 (see fabrics by placing the test apparatus (see
are inherently more prone to transfer than 11.1).
others, and some chemical finishes and 7.1.4) in a force draft oven at 38 ± 1°C
5.4 White fabric of same fiber compo- (100 ± 2°F) for 4 h (see 11.3).
finishing conditions accelerate transfer. sition as test specimens. If not available,
cotton cloth as defined in AATCC
2. Principle Method 8. 8. Evaluation

2.1 Dyed and finished test specimens 5.5 Distilled or deionized water. 8.1 After the swatches are dried, exam-
are sandwiched between pre-wet multifi- 5.6 Evaporating dish or glass beaker ine the multifiber and the white cloth for
ber fabric and a selected second fabric, having the capacity to hold 50 mL of wa- color transfer. Rate each of the fiber types
placed in a Perspiration Tester for 48 h at ter. Wet sponge may also be used. in the multifiber fabric and the swatch on
room temperature, dried and rated. 5.7 Chromatic Transference Scale (see the opposite side of the sandwich sepa-
11.1) rately, according to the Chromatic Trans-
3. Terminology 5.8 Gray Scale for Staining (see 11.1) ference Scale or the Gray Scale for Stain-
ing (see 11.4). Record which scale was
3.1 colorfastness, n.—the resistance of 6. Test Specimens used.
a material to change in any of its color Grade 5—negligible or no color trans-
characteristics, to transfer of its color- 6.1 Prepare 5.7 × 5.7 cm (2.25 × 2.25 fer.
ant(s) to adjacent materials or both, as a in.) test specimens from each sample of Grade 4.5—color transfer equivalent to
result of the exposure of the material to the dyed fabric to be tested. Step 4-5 on the Gray Scale for Staining or
any environment that might be encoun- 6.2 Prepare 5.7 × 5.7 cm (2.25 × 2.25 Row 4.5 on the 9-step AATCC Chro-
tered during the processing, testing, stor- in.) multifiber and 5.7 × 5.7 cm (2.25 × matic Transference Scale.
age or use of the material. 2.25 in.) white fabric swatches. Grade 4—color transfer equivalent to
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AATCC Technical Manual /2007 TM 163-2002 283

Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Copyright © 2006 American Association
Not forof Textile
Resale, Chemists
03/24/2007 and
04:07:53 MDTColorists
 Step 4 on the Gray Scale for Staining or sandwich (see 5.4 and 11.5). specified rating on the Gray Scale for
Row 4 on the 9-step AATCC Chromatic 9.2 Report the moisture pickup if other Staining.
Transference Scale. than 100-110% (see 11.2). 10.3 Bias. The true value of dye trans-
Grade 3.5—color transfer equivalent to 9.3 Report which rating scale was fer can only be defined in terms of a test
Step 3-4 on the Gray Scale for Staining or used. method. Within this limitation, this
Row 3.5 on the 9-step AATCC Chro- 9.4 Report the stain grade for each fi- method has no known bias.
matic Transference Scale. ber type in the multifiber fabric and also
Grade 3—color transfer equivalent to the grade on the white swatch, as a dye
Step 3 on the Gray Scale for Staining or transfer grade. 11. Notes
Row 3 on the 9-step AATCC Chromatic
Transference Scale. 11.1 For procurement see listings under
Grade 2.5—color transfer equivalent to “Special Equipment and Materials Used in
10. Precision and Bias AATCC Test Methods” in the AATCC TECH-
Step 2-3 on the Gray Scale for Staining or NICAL MANUAL.
Row 2.5 on the 9-step AATCC Chro- 10.1 Interlaboratory Data. An inter-
11.2 With some fabrics and constructions,
matic Transference Scale. laboratory comparison was run in 1982 in 100% pickup causes a dripping wet condition.
Grade 2—color transfer equivalent to which samples from two different textile For those materials, use the highest pickup
Step 2 on the Gray Scale for Staining or materials were tested in each of four lab- that is possible without water dripping from
Row 2 on the 9-step AATCC Chromatic oratories, each material having five dif- the specimen when it is suspended.
Transference Scale. ferent finishes. Both the AATCC Chro- 11.3 If any temperature and/or time other
Grade 1.5—color transfer equivalent to matic Transference Scale and the Gray than those specified in 7.2 are used, report the
Step 1-2 on the Gray Scale for Staining or Scale for Staining were used and a corre- change and reason for same.
Row 1.5 on the 9-step AATCC Chro- lation within one unit was established be- 11.4 For very critical evaluation and in case
matic Transference Scale. tween laboratories. of arbitration, rating must be based on the geo-
Grade 1—color transfer equivalent to 10.2 Precision. Based on the observa- metric gray scale for evaluating staining.
Step 1 on the Gray Scale for Staining or tions described in 10.1 and on general 11.5 All materials are not affected equally.
Row 1 on the 9-step AATCC Chromatic practice in the trade, a lot or consignment Results obtained by the use of any one test
Transference Scale. procedure should not be representative of
is generally considered as having a rating

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those of any other test procedure unless the
that is significantly worse than a speci- degree of quantitative correlation for a given
9. Report fied value when a specimen from the lot material has been established. In any event,
or consignment has a rating of dye trans- the test procedure should be described in a
9.1 Identify the white fabric used in the fer that is more than one unit below the material specification.

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284 TM 163-2002 AATCC Technical Manual/2007

Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Copyright © 2006 American Association
Not forof Textile
Resale, Chemists
03/24/2007 and
04:07:53 MDTColorists