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1.2 Genes - Answers & Questions

The document discusses genes and DNA. It states that DNA contains genetic information and is found in the cell nucleus. Genes are segments of DNA that control protein production, though not all genes do. DNA controls features like hair color through genes, which determine what proteins cells can make. Altering genes through processes like genetic modification and cloning is discussed, along with their benefits and controversies. The role of DNA replication in copying DNA to create sister chromatids is also mentioned.

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Kristina Lall
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
70 views6 pages

1.2 Genes - Answers & Questions

The document discusses genes and DNA. It states that DNA contains genetic information and is found in the cell nucleus. Genes are segments of DNA that control protein production, though not all genes do. DNA controls features like hair color through genes, which determine what proteins cells can make. Altering genes through processes like genetic modification and cloning is discussed, along with their benefits and controversies. The role of DNA replication in copying DNA to create sister chromatids is also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Kristina Lall
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

2 Genes ­ Answers & Questions.notebook December 22, 2022

The DNA Code

2
1.2 Genes ­ Answers & Questions.notebook December 22, 2022

DNA material found in the cell nucleus that contains genetic 
information

gene a segment of DNA that controls protein production, 
though not all genes do.
Why Is DNA Important?

As shown in the figure above, a gene is a relatively small part of 
a DNA molecule. Each DNA molecule contains hundreds or 
thousands of genes.

What does DNA do?
DNA controls many of your features, such as your hair and eye 
colour, and whether you can digest certain foods, such as milk. 

How does DNA do this?
Your DNA exerts this control through genes—they determine 
what kinds of proteins your cells can make, and therefore how 
your body might function or look. 

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1.2 Genes ­ Answers & Questions.notebook December 22, 2022

Altering Genes: Benefits and Controversies
Transgenic organism: an organism whose genetic information 
has been altered with the insertion of genes from another species. 
These are also known as GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms).

Cloning
Cloning the process of creating identical genetic copies of 
an organism.

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1.2 Genes ­ Answers & Questions.notebook December 22, 2022

13
1.3 Cells from Cells.notebook December 11, 2018
The Cell Membrane and Diffusion
• The cell membrane is selectively permeable
• Nutrients and Oxygen molecules are allowed into the cell. Waste materials 
exit the cell. This is done through the process of DIFFUSION.
Cell Reproduction DIFFUSION: the movement of molecules from regions of higher 
• A process by which new cells are formed concentration to regions of lower concentration

• One cell divides to form two new cells called daughter cells
• The daughter cells are identical to each other and to the parent    
cell
Parent Cell
http://highered.mcgraw­hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/
chapter2 animation__how_diffusion_works.html

• Water molecules pass through the cell membrane by the process of 
Daughter Cell Daughter Cell OSMOSIS
OSMOSIS: the movement of water molecules from a region of higher 
concentration to a region of  lower concentration across a semipermeable 
membrane
Cell Division
• The process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells

http://highered.mcgraw­hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/
chapter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html

May 21­10:07 PM May 21­10:42 PM

Growing Cells & Cell Size DNA Replication
• The cells must have a surface large enough to allow oxygen and  The process by which DNA is copied, creating sister chromatids 
nutrients to enter and waste matter to exit. As the cell grows, so do  joined at the centromere.
the organelles, nucleus and cytosol, thus increasing the  volume of 
the cell.
• A cell cannot continue to keep growing. As a cell grows, the ratio 
of surface area to its volume (A:V) decreases. When this ratio 
reaches its optimum value, the cell stops  growing and prepares 
for division ­ MITOSIS.

May 21­11:48 PM Dec 11­8:29 PM

Cell Division Prophase
the phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids condense and the 
Cell Division occurs in two stages:  chromosomes become visible

(1) Mitosis

(2) Cytokinesis (see p. 37)

Mitosis (see text: pgs. 34 & 35)

• Mitosis occurs in FOUR stages ­ PROPHASE, METAPHASE, 
ANAPHASE & TELOPHASE

• Mitosis is a continuous process.

May 22­9:09 AM Dec 11­8:35 PM

1
1.3 Cells from Cells.notebook December 11, 2018

Metaphase Anaphase
The phase of mitosis in which  The phase of mitosis in which the 
the chromosomes are aligned  centromere splits apart and the 
across the centre of the cell. chromatids are pulled to opposite 
sides of the cell by the spindle fibres.

Dec 11­8:39 PM Dec 11­8:41 PM

The Second Stage in Cell Division: Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

Telophase
The phase of mitosis in 
which two daughter nuclei 
are formed.

Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

Dec 11­8:44 PM Dec 11­8:47 PM

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