1.2 Genes - Answers & Questions
1.2 Genes - Answers & Questions
2 Genes Answers & Questions.notebook December 22, 2022
The DNA Code
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1.2 Genes Answers & Questions.notebook December 22, 2022
DNA material found in the cell nucleus that contains genetic
information
gene a segment of DNA that controls protein production,
though not all genes do.
Why Is DNA Important?
As shown in the figure above, a gene is a relatively small part of
a DNA molecule. Each DNA molecule contains hundreds or
thousands of genes.
What does DNA do?
DNA controls many of your features, such as your hair and eye
colour, and whether you can digest certain foods, such as milk.
How does DNA do this?
Your DNA exerts this control through genes—they determine
what kinds of proteins your cells can make, and therefore how
your body might function or look.
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1.2 Genes Answers & Questions.notebook December 22, 2022
Altering Genes: Benefits and Controversies
Transgenic organism: an organism whose genetic information
has been altered with the insertion of genes from another species.
These are also known as GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms).
Cloning
Cloning the process of creating identical genetic copies of
an organism.
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1.2 Genes Answers & Questions.notebook December 22, 2022
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1.3 Cells from Cells.notebook December 11, 2018
The Cell Membrane and Diffusion
• The cell membrane is selectively permeable
• Nutrients and Oxygen molecules are allowed into the cell. Waste materials
exit the cell. This is done through the process of DIFFUSION.
Cell Reproduction DIFFUSION: the movement of molecules from regions of higher
• A process by which new cells are formed concentration to regions of lower concentration
• One cell divides to form two new cells called daughter cells
• The daughter cells are identical to each other and to the parent
cell
Parent Cell
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/
chapter2 animation__how_diffusion_works.html
• Water molecules pass through the cell membrane by the process of
Daughter Cell Daughter Cell OSMOSIS
OSMOSIS: the movement of water molecules from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration across a semipermeable
membrane
Cell Division
• The process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/
chapter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html
May 2110:07 PM May 2110:42 PM
Growing Cells & Cell Size DNA Replication
• The cells must have a surface large enough to allow oxygen and The process by which DNA is copied, creating sister chromatids
nutrients to enter and waste matter to exit. As the cell grows, so do joined at the centromere.
the organelles, nucleus and cytosol, thus increasing the volume of
the cell.
• A cell cannot continue to keep growing. As a cell grows, the ratio
of surface area to its volume (A:V) decreases. When this ratio
reaches its optimum value, the cell stops growing and prepares
for division MITOSIS.
May 2111:48 PM Dec 118:29 PM
Cell Division Prophase
the phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids condense and the
Cell Division occurs in two stages: chromosomes become visible
(1) Mitosis
(2) Cytokinesis (see p. 37)
Mitosis (see text: pgs. 34 & 35)
• Mitosis occurs in FOUR stages PROPHASE, METAPHASE,
ANAPHASE & TELOPHASE
• Mitosis is a continuous process.
May 229:09 AM Dec 118:35 PM
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1.3 Cells from Cells.notebook December 11, 2018
Metaphase Anaphase
The phase of mitosis in which The phase of mitosis in which the
the chromosomes are aligned centromere splits apart and the
across the centre of the cell. chromatids are pulled to opposite
sides of the cell by the spindle fibres.
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The Second Stage in Cell Division: Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
Telophase
The phase of mitosis in
which two daughter nuclei
are formed.
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
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