VET Institute of Arts and Science (Co-education)

College
(Run by Vellalar Educational Trust) (Affiliated to Bharathiar
University)
Thindal, Erode – 638 012.
V SEMESTER – III BBA
RESEARCH METHODS FOR MANAGEMENT
SECTION A

1. ________________is the characteristic of research.

A. Direct experience or observation
B. Cyclical
C. Precise judgement
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above

2. Research is _____
A. Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem
B. Searching continuously and again and again regarding something
C. Comparing and analysing two or more things
D. an art and science of searching books, articles and terminologies
Answer: A. Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem

3. ______ is an important component of scientific enquiry.

A. Observation
B. Hypothesis
C. Verification
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above

4. _______is NOT a part of modern methods of research.

A. Basic research
B. Conceptual research
C. Philosophical research
D. Empirical research
Answer: C. Philosophical research

5. Research can either be _____ or applied.

A. basic
B. fundamental
C. pure
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
6. _______ is one of the most common tasks of a researcher.
A. Creating specific problem
B. Starting business using research data
C. Solving specific problems
D. Using research for marketing
Answer: C. Solving specific problems

7. After collecting research data, it is necessary to ______ and interpret them.

A. concludes
B. analyses
C. write findings
D. observes
Answer: B. analyse

8. By _______ we mean the investigation of problems to further and develop existing

knowledge.
A. basic research
B. applied research
C. future research
D. assumptions
Answer: A. basic research

9. Examples of fundamental research are investigations into______.

A. natural phenomena
B. pure mathematics
C. physics or astronomy
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above

10. ______ is the first step in starting the research process.

A. Searching online or offline
B. Identification of problem
C. Idea screening and concept development
D. Data collection
Answer: B. Identification of problem

11. Action research means ______

A. A research initiated to solve an immediate problem
B. A research with socioeconomic objective
C. experimental research conducted by researcher
D. fundamental research which focusses on long term problem solving
Answer A. Research initiated to solve an immediate problem
12. A ______ is the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring the
information needed to structure or solve problems.
A. Research Problem
B. Research Hypothesis
C. Research Design
D. Research Data
Answer C. Research Design

13. A research paper is a brief report of research work based on _____

A. Secondary data
B. Primary Data
C. Researchers behaviour
D. Both A & B
Answer D. Both A & B

14. An appropriate source to find out descriptive information is ______

A. Directory
B. Encyclopaedia
C. Dictionary
D. Bibliography
Answer B. Encyclopaedia

15. The two main styles of research are ______

A. Vertical & horizontal process
B. Surveys and questionnaires
C. Qualitative and quantitative
D. Sampling and recording
Answer C. Qualitative and quantitative

16. Testing hypothesis is a ______

A. Descriptive statistics
B. Data analysis
C. Inferential statistics
D. Data preparation
Answer C. Inferential statistics

17. The concepts in a hypothesis are stated as ______

A. Theories
B. Indices
C. Variables
D. Ideas
Answer C. Variables

18. Information acquired by experience or experimentation is known as ____

 A. Factual
B. Scientific evidences
C. Scientific
D. Empirical
Answer D. Empirical

19. ______ was not identified as a major research design.

A. Field Research
B. ethnography
C. Surveys
D. secondary research
Answer B. ethnography

20. Research process generally starts with _____

A. Experiments
C. Hypothesis
B. Data Analysis
D. Observation
Answer D. Observation

21. ______ are generally information gathered or generated by the

researcher for the purposes of the project immediately at hand.
A. Primary data
B. Secondary data
C. Tertiary data
D. Ready-made data
Answer A. Primary data

22. Data that have already been collected for some other purpose is termed
A. Primary data
B. Secondary data
C. Tertiary data
D. Ready-made data
Answer B. Secondary data

23. Generally, existing literature is a good source of ______ data for the
researcher.
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Ready-made
Answer B. Secondary
24. ____ data provide a first-hand account of the situation.
A. Primary
 B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Ready-made
Answer A. Primary

25. The information is more reliable in _______

A. Primary data
B. Secondary data
C. Tertiary data
D. Ready-made data
Answer A. Primary data

26. Collecting ______ is expensive in terms of both time and money.

A. Ready-made data
B. Secondary Data
C. Primary data
D. Tertiary data
Answer C. Primary data

27. ______ is the method of collecting primary data.

A. Observation
B. Survey
C. Interview
D. All of the above
Answer D. All of the above

28. _____ is treated as the ‘heart of the survey operation’.

A. Observation
B. Secondary data
C. Interview
D. Questionnaire
Answer D. Questionnaire

29. ______ are carefully constructed sets of rating scales designed to

measure one or more aspects of an individual’s or group’s attitude toward
some object.
A. Rating Scales
B. Attitude Scales
C. Discrete scales
D. Graphic scales
Answer B. Attitude Scales
30. In a ____, the ratter makes a judgement about some characteristic of a
subject and places him directly on some point on the scale.
A. Rating Scales
 B. Attitude Scales
C. Summated scales
D. Guttman’s scales
Answer A. Rating Scales

31. What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is
carried out?
A. Research hypothesis
B. Synopsis of Research
C. Research paradigm
D. Research design
Answer: d) Research design

32. Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative

research?
A. Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
B. Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
C. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
D. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.
Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

33. How is random sampling helpful?

A. Reasonably accurate
B. An economical method of data collection
C. Free from personal biases
D. All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

34. A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the
organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research
method will be most appropriate for this study?
A. Descriptive survey method
B. Historical method
C. Ex-post facto method
D. Experimental method
Answer: c) Ex-post facto method

35. Tippet table refers to as _________

A. Table of random digits
B. The table used in sampling methods
 C. The table used in statistical investigations
D. All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

36. Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the
testing of hypotheses?
A. It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.
B. It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
C. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
D. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.
Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

37. What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

A. The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false
B. The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
C. Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
D. None of the above
Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true

38. What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?
A. Long-term research
B. Short-term research
C. Horizontal research
D. None of the above
Answer: a) Long-term research

39. The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized

to other situations?
A. Casual Comparative Research
B. Historical Research
C. Descriptive Research
D. Experimental Research
Answer: b) Historical Research

40. How to judge the depth of any research?

A. By research title
B. By research duration
 C. By research objectives
D. By total expenditure on research
Answer: c) By research objectives

41. Which one is called non-probability sampling?

1. Quota sampling
2. Cluster sampling
3. Systematic sampling
4. Stratified random sampling
Answer: a) Quota sampling

42. "Sampling Cases" can be defined as

A. Sampling using a sampling frame
B. Identifying people who are suitable for research
C. Literally the researcher's brief case
D. A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.
Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

43. Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?

A. Systematic Sampling Technique
B. Purposive Sampling Technique
C. Area Sampling Technique
D. None of the above
Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique

44. Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of
population data?
A. Census
B. National Sample Surveys
C. Demographic Health Surveys
D. National Family Health Surveys
Answer: a) Census

45. How can we enhance the research objective?

A. By making it more valid
B. By making it more reliable
C. By making it more impartial
 D. All of the above Answer: d) All of the above

46. Action-research can be understood as ___________

A. Longitudinal research
B. Applied research
C. A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
D. All of the above
Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

47. Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in

quantitative terms?
A. Numerical Aptitude
B. Marital Status
C. Socio-economic Status
D. Professional Attitude
Answer: d) Professional Attitude

48. An image, perception or concept that is capable of measurement is

called
A. Scale.
B. Hypothesis.
C. Type.
D. Variable

49.. In the process of conducting research ‘Formulation of Hypothesis” is

followed by
A. Statement of Objectives
B. Analysis of Data
C. Selection of Research Tools
D. Collection of Data

50. A statement of the quantitative research question should:

A. Extend the statement of purpose by specifying exactly the
question (s the researcher will address
B. Help the research in selecting appropriate participants, research
methods, measures, and materials
C. Specify the variables of interest
D. All the above

51. A formal document that presents the research objectives, design of

achieving these objectives, and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the
study is called
 A. Research design
B. Research proposal
C. Research hypothesis
D. Research report

52. Survey is a ................ Study

A. Descriptive
B. Fact finding
C. Analytical
D. Systematic

53. In a survey there is an enumerator and a ………………….

A. Guide
B. Respondent
C. Supervisor
D. Messenger

54. The first purpose of a survey is to …………….

A. Description
B. Evaluation
C. Ration
D. Provide Information

55. Questions in which only two alternatives are possible is called

A. Multiple choice questions
B. Dichotomous questions
C. Open ended questions
D. Structured questions

56. What are the core elements of a Research Process?

A. Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and
Recommendations
B. Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered;
Conclusions; Bibliography
C. Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References
D. Introduction; Literature Review; Research methodology;
Results; Discussions and Conclusions

57. Questionnaire is filled by ……………….

A. Respondent
B. Everybody
C. Enumerator
 D. None of the above

58. The existing company information is an example of which data?

a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

59. Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?

A. Systematic Sampling Technique
B. Purposive Sampling Technique
C. Area Sampling Technique
D. None of the above

60. Which one is called non-probability sampling?

A. Quota sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Systematic sampling
D. Stratified random sampling

61. The scale measurement has a natural zero.

A. Ratio
B. Nominal
C. Ordinal
D. Interval

62. Cluster sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling are

types of
A. Direct sampling
B. Indirect sampling
C. Random sampling
D. Non random sampling

63. A complete list of all the sampling units is called:

A. Sampling design
B. Sampling frame
C. Population frame
D. Cluster

64. The split-half method is used as a test of:

A. Stability
B. Internal reliability
C. Inter-observer consistency
 D. External validity

65. What is a sampling unit?

A. The population.
B. The basic unit containing the elements of the population to be
sampled.
C. All the individual elements of the final sample, drawn together.
D. The method used to collect the sample.

66. Which of the following is not a non-random sampling method?

a. Cluster sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Convenience sampling
d. Accidental sampling

67. When one examines the entire population instead of a subgroup

of the population, this is called a
a. Sampling
b. Census
c. Population
d. Bias

68. A is a subset of a .
A. Sample, population
B. Population, sample
C. Statistic, parameter
D. Parameter, statistic

69. Random sampling is also called .

A. Availability sampling
B. Probation sampling
C. Probability sampling
D. Prospect sampling

70. Scale in which the respondent directly compares two or more objects
and makes choices among them is
A. Ranking Scale
B. Rating Scale
C. Graphic Scale
D. None of these
 71. If the population proportion equals po Z Test = (x̄ – μ) / (σ / √n), then
is distributed:
A. As a standard normal variable, if n > 30
B. As a Poisson variable
C. As the t-distribution with v= n 1 degrees of freedom
D. As a distribution with v degrees of freedom

72. The degree of freedom for paired t-test based on n pairs of observations
is:
a. 2n - 1
b. n - 2
c. 2(n - 1)
d. n – 1

73. Which test is the part of the parametric test?

A. Sign Test
B. Run Test for Randomness
C. Kruskal-Willis Test
D. z-test
74. SPSS means Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

75. The first page of the research report is

A. Appendix
B. Bibliography
C. Index
D. Title Page

76. The chi-square test is:

A. A mean
B. A multi-question tests.
C. A statistical mistake.
D. A statistic

77. ANOVA is
A. A government body which collects social statistics.
B. The name of a statistical software package.
C. A two-way analysis
D. A one-way analysis of variance.

78. Which of the following is not one of the seven major parts to the
research report?
A. Results
B. Abstract
C. Method
D. Footnotes
79. What type of chart is useful for comparing values over categories?

A. Pie Chart
B. Column Chart
C. Line Chart
D. Dot Graph
80. What type of chart is useful for showing trends or changes over time?

A. Pie Chart
B. Column Chart
C. Line Chart
D. Dot Graph

81. Which of the following is not required in a reference list or bibliography

entry?
A. Call number
B. Place of publication
C. Authors’ names
D. Publisher.

82. _____ is the classical form of research?

a. Experiment
b. Case study
c. Grounded theory
d. Narrative inquiry

83. If the researcher is concerned with finding out who, what, when or how
much, then the study is ________
A. Descriptive research
B. Exploratory research
C. Empirical research
D. Causal research

84. _______research is the naturalism

A. Field research
B. Descriptive research
C. Basic research
D. Applied research

85. Preliminary data collection is a part of the________

A. Descriptive research
B. Exploratory research
C. Applied research
D. Explanatory research
86. What is a bibliography?
A. A true story written about someone
B. Another name for writing a book.
C. A religious book.
D. A list of sources used in a report and where they can be found.

87. Data obtained by the investigator from personal experimental studies is

called
A. Primary data
B. Arrayed data
C. chronological data
D. None of these

88. When data is classified according to the magnitude it is called

A. Chronological
B. qualitative
C. quantitative
D. continuous

89. Frequency of a discrete variable can be represented by

A. Line diagram
B. Bar diagram
C. none of them
D. both of them

90. Continuous variables are represented by

A. Histogram
B. line diagram
C. bar diagram
D. pie chart

91. The ratio between experimental and observed results is represented by

A. theta value
B. chi- square
C. variance ratio
D. correlation

92. Chi-square test was developed by

A. W. S. Gosset
B. Karl Pearson
C. R. Fisher
D. Pascal
93. The Student's t test is
A. a parametric test
B. a nonparametric test
C. a test for comparing averages
D. a test for comparing variances

94. What is the alternative name for a repeated measures t- test?

A. unrelated t-test
B. related t-test
C. a paired samples t-test
D. unpaired sample t-test

95. Conducting multiple t- tests increases the likelihood of which of the

following?
a) finding correct conclusions
b) type 1 error
c) homogeneity
d) type II error

96. The research studies that explore the effect of one thing on another and
more specifically, the effect of one variable on another are known as
(a) Causal research
(b) Applied research
(c) Conclusive research
(d) Exploratory research

97. The assumption about the expected result of the research is called the
___.
Answer: Hypothesis

98. Observation is a direct method of collecting

(a) Primary data
(b) Secondary data
(c) Both
(d) Published data

99. “Research is an organized and systematic enquiry” Defined by

A. Marshall
B. P.V. Young
C. Emory
D. Kerlinger
100. Research is a “Scientific undertaking” opined by
A. Young
B. Kerlinger
C. Kothari
D. Emory

101. “A systematic step-by-step Procedure following logical process of

reasoning” called
A. Experiment
B. Observation
C. Deduction
D. Scientific method

102. Research undertaken for knowledge’s sake is

A. Pure Research
B. Action Research
C. Pilot study
D. Survey

103. Facts or information’s are analysed and critical evaluation is made in

A. Survey
B. Action research
C. Analytical research
D. Pilot study

104. Research conducted to find solution for an immediate problem is …

A. Fundamental Research
B. Analytical Research
C. Survey
D. Action Research

105. Fundamental Research is otherwise called

A. Action Research
B. Survey
C. Pilot study
D. Pure Research

106. Motivation Research is a type of …………… research

A. Quantitative
B. Qualitative
C. Pure
D. applied
107. Research related to abstract ideas or concepts is
A. Empirical research
B. Conceptual Research
C. Quantitative research
D. Qualitative research

108. Research through experiment and observation is called

A. Clinical Research
B. Experimental Research
C. Laboratory Research
D. Empirical Research

109. Population Census is an example of …………... Research

A. Survey
B. Empirical
C. Clinical
D. Diagnostic

110. “Doubt is often better than ……………….”

A. Belief
B. Value
C. Confidence
D. Overconfidence

111. ………….. is the first step of Research process

A. Formulation of a problem
B. Collection of Data
C. Editing and Coding
D. Selection of a problem
112. Converting a question into a Researchable problem is called …………
A. Solution
B. Examination
C. Problem formulation
D. Problem Solving

113. The first step in formulating a problem is

A. Statement of the problem
B. Gathering of Data
C. Measurement
D. Survey

114. Second step in problem formulation is

A. Statement of the problem
B. Understanding the nature of the problem
C. Survey
D. Discussions

115. Third step in problem formulation is

A. Statement of the problem
B. Understanding the nature of the problem
C. Survey the available literature
D. Discussion

116. Last step in problem formulation is

A. Survey
B. Discussion
C. Literature survey
D. Re Phrasing the Research problem

117. Objectives in problem formulation means

A. Questions to be answered
B. methods
C. Techniques
D. methodology
118. Concepts are of ……………….types
A. 4
B. 6
C. 10
D. 2

119. A tentative proposition subject to test is

A. Variable
B. Hypothesis
C. Data
D. Concept

120. Hypothesis which explain relationship between two variables is

A. Causal
B. Relational
C. Descriptive
D. Tentative

121. The first variable is …………….. variable

A. Abstract
B. Dependent
C. Independent
D. Separate
122. The second variable is called …………
A. Independent
B. Dependent
C. Separate
D. Abstract

123. A Hypothesis contributes to the development of ………….

A. Theory
B. Generalization
C. Evolution
D. Concept

124. In testing a Hypothesis the common error is

A. Type I
B. Type I and II
C. Type II
D. None of these

125. There are mainly…………. sources of data

A. 10
B. 2
C. 5
D. 4

126. . The original source from which researcher collects information is

A. Primary Source
B. Secondary Source
C. Both primary and Secondary
D. None of these

127. Source of Data collected and compiled by others is called

A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Primary and Secondary
D. None of the above

128. Interview with a detailed standardized schedule is called

A. Clinical Interview
B. Structural Interview
C. Group Interview
D. Direct Interview
129. Schedule is filled by ……………
A. Respondent
B. Enumerator
C. Everybody
D. None of the above

130. The aggregate of all the units pertaining to a study is called

A. Population or universe
B. Unit
C. Sample
D. Frame

131. A member of the population is called ……………

A. Element
B. Census
C. Sample
D. Group

132. Sample value is called………………

A. Parameter
B. Core Value
C. Statistic
D. Variable

133. Population value is called …………..

A. Statistic
B. Parameter
C. Variable
D. Core value

134. An example of probability sampling is

A. Quota Sampling
B. Snow-ball sampling
C. Purposive sampling
D. Lottery method

135. …………… are used for Random Sample when the population is very
large
A. Calculator
B. Telescope
C. Computer
D. Typewriter
136. In which sample population is divided into different strata and sample is
taken from different strata?
A. Quota Sampling
B. Snow ball sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Purposive Sampling

137. Selecting sample units in just a “hit and miss” fashion is called
A. Convenience or Accidental sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Proportionate sampling

138. A technique of Building up a list or a sample of a special population by

using an initial set of members as informants is called
A. Quota sampling
B. Convenience Sampling
C. Snow ball Sampling
D. Purposive sampling

139. Office Editing and ……….. are two types of Editing in Research
A. Lab editing
B. Field Editing
C. Class Roam Editing
D. Book Editing

140. Assigning numerals or other symbols to the categories or response is called

A. Editing
B. Coding
C. Transcription
D. Tablet ion

141. Summarizing raw data and displaying them on compact statistical tables
for analysis is
A. Tabulation
B. Coding
C. Transcription
D. Editing

142. Hypothesis refers to

A. The outcome of an experiment
B. A conclusion drawn from an experiment
C. A form of bias in which the subject tries to outguess the experimenter
D. A tentative statement about the relationship
143. Major drawback to researchers in India is …………….
A. Lack of sufficient number of Universities
B. Lack of sufficient research guides
C. Lack of sufficient Fund
D. Lack of scientific training in research

144. The numerical description that describe sample may be expected to differ
from those that describe population because of random fluctuations inherent in
sampling process.
A. Sampling design
B. Non-probability sampling
C. Sampling error
D. Probability sampling

145. In each population element has a known and equal chance of selection.
A. Purposive sampling
B. Quota sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Simple random sampling

146. ___________ is the evidence that the instrument, techniques, or process

used to measure concept does indeed measure the intended concepts.
A. Reliability
B. Replicability
C. Scaling
D. Validity

147. what is the process of assigning numerals or symbols to answer so that all
questions can be put into limited number of categories or classes
A. Coding
B. Editing
C. Data cleaning
D. Tabulation

148. Which of the following is a Non parametric test

A. Z test
B. F test
C. ANOVA
D. Chi-square
149. A researcher intends to explore the effect of possible factors for the
organization of effective mid- day meal interventions. Which research method
will be most appropriate for this study?
A. Historical method
B. Descriptive survey method
C. Experimental method
D. Ex-post-facto method

150 . which of the following is not a comparative scaling technique?

A. Paired comparison
B. Rank order
C. Constant sum
D. Itemized rating

151. Which of the following is unipolar rating scale developed by John Stapel
A. Stapel scale
B. Likert scale
C. Semantic differential scale
D. Graphic rating scale

152. The pictorial technique of data collection which uses ten cards having
prints of Ink blots arranged symmetrically
A. Holtzman inkblot test
B. Rorschach test
C. Thematic appreciation test
D. Rosenzweig test

153. Which of the following is not a projective technique of data collection

A. Word association test
B. Sentence completion test
C. Story completion test
D. Pantry audit

154. The statistical test used when we want to test the significance of difference
among more than two samples at the same time
A. Z test
B. F test
C. Chi-square test
D. ANOVA
155. Formulation of hypothesis may not be necessary in
A. Survey studies
B. Historical studies
C. Normative studies
D. Experimental studies
156. Research means ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
A. Search for knowledge
B. Invention
C. Making changes
D. none of these.

157. A good research must be ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.

A. Systematic
B. logic
C. Both a &b
D. none of these.

158. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ on a specific presentation of the various steps in the process

of research.
A. research design
B. Research problem
C. Research report
D. none of these.

159. A condition or characteristic that can take on different values / categories is

called ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. A constant
B. A variable
C. A cause and effect relationship
D. A descriptive relationship.

160. he selection of sample known as ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.

A. Sampling
B. Population
C. Research method
D. Sample design.

161. To get an insight into the research topic is known as ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.

A. Descriptive research
B. Exploratory research
C. Diagnostic research
D. experimental research.

162. Representative, adequate size, free from bias, conformity to subject matter
is the characteristic of ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Research
B. Research problem
C. Research design
D. Good sample.
163. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given
population.
A. Research design
B. Sample design
C. Research
D. none of these.

164. Cluster sampling consists in forming suitable ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ of units.

A. parts
B. Elements
C. Strata
D. Clusters.
165. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ studies involve the collection of data from a sample at
different points in time.
A. Cross‐sectional study
B. Longitudinal study
C. experimental study.
D. none

166. In ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ study, a cross section of a community is studied at

a particular period of time.
A. Cross‐sectional study
B. Correlation study
C. Experimental study.

167. Probability sampling means‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.

A. Every individual has chance of being selected.
B. No probability is associated with an individual of being selected.
C. none of these.
D. none

168. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Is documentary evidence of the research effort.

A. Research report
B. Primary data
C. Secondary data.
D. none

169. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is a method of collecting data involves presentation of

oral‐verbal sterile &reply in terms of oral‐verbal responses.
A. Interview method
B. observation
C. research.
D. none
170. Primary purpose of exploratory research design is providing ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ to
the unexplored area.
A. Knowledge
B. Awareness
C. Insight.
D. none

171. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ research in applicable to phenomena that are

measurable so that they can expressed in terms of quantity.
A. Quantitative research
B. qualitative research
C. Analytical research
D. Empirical research.

172. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is related to some ideas / theory.

A. Empirical research
B. Conceptual research
C. Analytical research
D. Descriptive research.

173. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ research is generally used by philosophers & thinkers to

develop new concepts.
A. Analytical research
B. Descriptive research
C. Empirical research
D. Conceptual research

174. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ relies on experience or observation alone.

A. Conceptual research
B. Empirical research
C. Analytical research
D. Descriptive research.

175. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is a fact-finding investigation with adequate interpretation.

A. Descriptive research
B. Experimental research
C. conceptual research
D. Analytical research.