12
CLASS
Matrices and
Determinants
Matrix Multiplication
SAMEER CHINCHOLIKAR
Sameer Chincholikar
IIT Roorkee
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Homework
Question
Find the minimum number of zeros in an upper triangular matrix
of order 10x10.
A. 100 B. 50 C. 55 D. 45
Operations on
Matrices
Equality of Matrices
Two matrices of same order are equal if their corresponding elements are equal.
Find the value of x + y + z
A. 0 B. 1 C. -2 D. 6
Addition of Matrices
Addition of two matrices is possible only if they are of same
order.
The resultant matrix is obtained by addition of corresponding
elements of two given matrices.
A = [aij] Example:
B = [bij]
If
If C = A + B
⇒ [cij] = [aij] + [bij] Then: A + B =
Properties of Matrix Addition
1. Matrix addition is commutative A + B = B + A
2. Matrix addition is associative A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
3. Cancellation Law holds. i.e; If : A + B = A + C ⇒ B = C
Subtraction of Matrices
Subtraction of two matrices is possible only if they are of same order. The resultant
matrix is obtained by subtraction of corresponding elements of two given matrices.
A = [aij]
B = [bij]
If C = A - B
⇒ [cij] = [aij] - [bij]
Multiplication of Scalar and a Matrix
The scalar gets multiplied in every element of the matrix.
Example:
If
Then:
Let A and B be 2 × 2 matrices. Find A and B such that
and
Answer:
Multiplication of Matrices
NOTE:
Matrix multiplication is done ROW by COLUMN.
For the two matrices Amxn and Bpxq , the multiplication (A x B) is possible only if
number of columns of A is equal to the number of rows of B. i.e.; n=p
The resultant matrix C will be of the order m x q
Find AB and BA.
Ans:
Properties of Matrix Multiplication
1. In general, AB ≠ BA. i.e; commutative property does not hold. They may be equal
for special set of matrices A and B.
2. Multiplication of matrices is distributive with respect to a addition of matrices
A (B + C) = AB + AC
3. Matrix multiplication is associative , A (BC) = (AB) C
Properties of Matrix Multiplication
4. If AB = O then it does not necessarily mean that A = O or B = O or both are O
5. AIn = InA = A
6. InIn = In
The matrix product ×[4 5 2] × equals
A. B. C. D. None of these
If A and B are two matrices such that AB = B and BA = A, then
A2 + B2 =
A. 2AB B. 2BA C. A+B D. AB
then (p, q) =
A. (2, 1) B. (1, 2) C. (-4, -1) D. (-1, -4)
If then = (aI + bA)3
A. aI + bA B. a3I + b3A
C. a3I + D. a3I + 3a2bA
3ab2A
If the product of the matrices
then n is equal to
A. 27 B. 26 C. 376 D. 378
Matrix A is such that A2 = 2A - I, where I is the unit matrix.
Then for n > 2, An =
A. nA - (n - 1)I B. nA - I
C. 2n+1 A - (n - 1)I D. 2n+1 A - I
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