GOVERNMENT ARTS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

COIMBATORE-641 018

Learning outcomes-based Curriculum Framework

(LOCF) for

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY
(Effective from Academic year 2021-2022)

POSTGRADUATE AND RESEARCH

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
MAY-2021
 LOCF PG CHEMISTRY

No. P.No
CONTENTS

Preamble 3

1 Introduction 6

2 Learning Outcomes - Based Approach to Curriculum Planning and Development 9

(LOACPD)

2.1 Nature and extent of the M.Sc., Chemistry Programme 9

2.2 Aims of Master’s degree programme in Chemistry 10

3 Graduate Attributes 12

4 Qualification Descriptors 14

5 Programme Learning Outcomes in course 16

6 Structure of M.Sc., Course objectives, learning Outcomes, Contents, Pedagogy Strategies and P-1
References

7 Teaching Learning Methodologies P-58

8 Assessment methods P-60

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 LOCF PG CHEMISTRY

Preamble

Over the past decades higher education system of our country has undergone substantial
structural and functional changes resulting in both quantitative and qualitative development of the
beneficiaries. Such changes have gained momentum with the introduction of Choice Based Credit
System (CBCS) which further expects learning outcome based curriculum in order to maximize
the benefits of the newly designed curriculum. The learning outcome based curriculum in general
and in Chemistry in particular will definitely help the teachers of the discipline to visualize the
curriculum more specifically in terms of the learning outcomes expected from the students at the
end of the instructional process. It is pertinent to mention here that the purpose of education is to
develop an integrated personality of the individual and the educational system provides all
knowledge and skills to the learner for this.
Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education (TANSCHE) has formed the State Integrated
Boards of Studies, which, with great diligence and expertise has devised the mandatory areas that have to
be covered for three year under-graduation and two year post-graduation courses to realize the facilitation
of the mobility of faculty and students from one university to another and to easily solve the problem of
equivalence among courses. Great care has been taken so that these areas would take 75% of the course
content and the remaining 25% can be decided by the individual institutions. The areas that must be
covered by the student that are mandatory for earning the degree to have due value has been worked out
so that the student will gain enough depth of knowledge in the subject concerned. 25% percent of the
syllabus should be designed by the institutions, and the areas covered under this also must have a
weightage of 25%. This gives the autonomous institution seamless liberty on every Board of Studies
(BOS) to innovate and experiment, and more importantly, it is here that the institution devises appropriate
strategies by which (i) to make creative and critical applications of what has been learnt in the mandatory
components, and (ii) to meaningfully connect the learners to the career demands and expectations. It is
essential that the theoretical subject knowledge of the students must be translated into practical hands-on
experience.
One of the significant reforms in the undergraduate education is to introduce the Learning
Outcomes-based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) which makes it student-centric, interactive and
outcome-oriented with well-defined aims, objectives and goals to achieve. LOCF also aims at
ensuring uniform education standard and content delivery across the country which will help the
students to ensure similar quality of education irrespective of the institute and location. With
initiatives of University Grants Commission (UGC) for nation-wide adoption and

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implementation of the LOCF for bachelor’s programmes in colleges, universities and HEIs in
general. A Core Expert Committee (CEC) was constituted to formulate the modalities for
developing the LOCF in various subjects being taught in the undergraduate courses in sciences,
humanities, commerce and professional courses. The CEC also constituted the Subject Expert
Committees (SEC) in various subjects to prepare detailed guidelines for the LOCF in subjects
concerned.
The key components of the planning and development of LOCF are given in terms of clear
and unambiguous description of the Graduate Attributes (GA), Qualification Descriptors (QD),
Program Learning Outcomes (PLO) and Course Learning Outcomes (CLO) to be achieved at the
end of the successful completion of each undergraduate program to be offered by HEIs. In
undergraduate education in Information Technology, the programme of study leading to the
degree of B.Sc. in Information Technology is discussed herewith.
The Qualification Descriptors (QD), Program Learning Outcomes (PLO) and the Course
Learning Outcomes (CLO) were also finalized keeping the broad requirement of the programme
in view. The LOCF also gives general guidelines for the Teaching Learning Process (TLP)
corresponding to each component of theory, experiment, tutorials, projects and industrial / field
visits to be followed in order to achieve the stated outcomes for each component. Finally, some
suggestions for using various methods in the assessment and evaluation of learning levels of
students are also made. It is a student centric framework where they are expected to learn
fundamentals of Information Technology along with the latest trends and techniques like
Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Machine Intelligence along with advanced skillsets
that include Mobile Application Development, Object Oriented Programming among many
other courses.

The Learning outcome-based curriculum framework (LOCF) has been prepared to support
designing uniform, advanced and effective Chemistry curriculum for postgraduate studies in
Chemistry. The recommendations related to curriculum development is applicable for
college/university education system which includes heads of schools/departments, practicing
teachers, parents, employers, academics from tertiary institutions, professionals from related fields
or related bodies and representatives from university/college examinations authorities. The LOCF
guides are based on the consultation documents on curriculum framework of University Grants
Commission and MOOCs. The concerns, needs and interests of students, teachers as well as
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 LOCF PG CHEMISTRY

societal expectations have been taken into consideration while developing these framework
structures. Each subject content aims to present a curriculum framework, specifying the
curriculum aims, learning targets and objectives, and thus providing suggestions regarding
curriculum planning, learning and teaching strategies, assessment and resources. In addition, the
curriculum framework also provides examples of effective learning, teaching and assessment
practices. A coherent understanding of the postgraduate chemistry curriculum planning and the
planning of student learning ability at subject levels can be established. Curriculum development
is a collaborative and an on-going enhancement process, therefore, the same shall be updated and
improved from time to time to meet new needs of students, teachers and society at large.

The template as developed has the provision of ensuring the integrated personality of the
students in terms of providing opportunity for exposure to the students towards core courses and
discipline specific elective courses with special focus on communication and subject specific
skills through practical and other innovative transactional modes to develop their employability
skills. The template of learning outcome based curriculum has categorically mentioned defined
expected outcomes for the programme like core competency, communication skills, critical
thinking, effective skills, problem-solving, analytical reasoning, research-skills, teamwork, digital
literacy, moral and ethical awareness, leadership readiness and so on along with very specific
learning course outcomes at the starting of each course. Therefore, this template on Learning
Outcomes based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) for M.Sc. with Chemistry will definitely be a
landmark in the field of outcome based curriculum construction.

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1. Introduction

Academics and research in India is a priority which depends upon the quality of education. Quality
higher education includes innovations that can be useful for efficient governance of higher
education institutions, systems and society at large. Thus, fundamental approach to learning
outcome-based curriculum framework emphasizes upon demonstration of understanding,
knowledge, skills, attitudes and values in particular programme of study. The LOCF based
programme intended to follow flexibility and innovation in design of the programme, its
assessment, and expect graduate attributes demonstrating the level of learning outcome. It is
further expected to provide effective teaching – learning strategies including periodic review of
the programme and its academic standard. The learning outcome-based curriculum framework for
M.Sc. degree in Chemistry is intended to provide a broad framework and hence designed to
address the needs of the students with chemistry as the core subject of study. The framework is
expected to assist in the maintenance of the standard of chemistry degrees/programmes across
the country and periodic programme review within a broad framework of agreed/expected
graduate attributes, qualification descriptors, programme learning outcomes and course-level
learning outcomes. The framework is intended to allow flexibility and innovation in programme
design, syllabi development, teaching-learning process and quality assessment of students
learning levels.

This curriculum framework for the master-level program in Chemistry is developed keeping in
view of the student centric learning pedagogy, which is entirely outcome-oriented and curiosity-
driven. To avoid wrote-learning approach and foster imagination, the curriculum is more leaned
towards self-discovery of concepts. The curriculum framework focuses on pragmatist approach
whereby practical application of theoretical concepts is taught with substantial coverage of
practical and field works. The platform aims at equipping the post-graduates with necessary
skills for Chemistry-related careers, careers with general post-graduate-level aptitude and for
higher education in Chemistry. Augmented in this framework are graduate attributes including
critical thinking, scientific reasoning, moral, ethical reasoning and so on, qualification descriptors
that are specific outcomes pertinent to the discipline of chemistry, learning outcomes for the
programmes these frameworks have been developed, learning outcomes for individual courses,
pedagogical methods and assessment methods.
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While designing these frameworks, emphasis is given on the objectively measurable teaching-
learning outcomes to ensure employability of the post-graduates. In-line with recent trends in
education section, these frameworks foster implementation of modern pedagogical tools and
concepts such as flip-class, hybrid learning, MOOCs and other e-learning platforms. In addition,
the framework pragmatic to the core; it is designed such a way to enable the learners
implementing the concepts to address the real world problems. A major emphasis of these
frameworks is that the curriculum focuses on issues pertinent to India and also of the west; for
example, green chemistry and biomaterials etc. Above all, these frameworks are holistic and aim
to mould responsible Indian citizen to have reflective thinking, scientific temper, and digital
literacy in order to acquire requisite skill to be self-employed entrepreneurial.
Aims:
1. To transform curriculum into outcome-oriented scenario
2. To develop the curriculum for fostering discovery-learning
3. To equip the students in solving the practical problems pertinent to India
4. To adopt recent pedagogical trends in education including e-learning, flipped class,
hybrid learning and MOOCs
5. To mould responsible citizen for nation-building and transforming the country
towards the future

1.1 Types of courses and Course structure

Each program may have three types of courses namely Core courses, Eelective courses and Self-study/Skill-
based courses
1.1.1 Core Courses
The Core courses are those courses whose knowledge is deemed essential for the students registered for a
particular Master’s degree program. Where feasible and necessary two or more programs may prescribe one
or more common core courses.
 The core courses shall be mandatory for all the students registered for the master’s degree program.
 The core courses shall be spread all the semesters of the program.

1.1.2 Elective courses

The elective courses can be chosen from a pool of papers. These courses are intended to
 allow the student to specialize in one or more branches of the broad subject area;
 help the student to acquire knowledge and skills in a related area that may have applications in the broad
subject area;

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 help the student to bridge any gap in the curriculum and enable acquisition of essential skills, for example,
statistical, computational, language, communication skills etc.
 help the student to pursue area of interest
 The student may also choose additional elective courses offered by the college to enable him /her to
acquire extra credits from the discipline or across the discipline

1.1.3 project work

A course (core/elective/self-study/skill based) may take the form of a project work.

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2 Learning Outcomes - Based Approach to Curriculum Planning and

Development (LOACPD):

Curriculum is the heart of any educational system. It can be focused either to achieve the
objectives of each course of the programme or on the expected learning outcomes from each course.
The objective based curriculum refers to the overall targets to be achieved through curriculum
which may be long term or immediate. On the other hand, the learning outcome based curriculum
is very specific in nature in terms of changes in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor behavior
of the students as a result of their exposure to the curriculum. The outcome based curriculum
provides the teacher very specific targets which he can achieve through the selected instructional
process as compared to the objective based curriculum which provides general outcomes.

The learning outcome based curriculum has very close relationship with the learning of the
students whereas objective based curriculum focusses on only providing knowledge to the students.
In other words, higher cognitive skills are developed through learning outcome based curriculum.
Hence, it is preferred to develop learning outcome based curriculum which will provide specific
directions to the teacher with respect to the transaction process and expected changes in the
behavior of the students as well. Based on higher order cognitive skills, achievable targets are
performed through individual development of student’s performance. Industry ready students are
moulded through use of LOCF methodology to achieve the expected outcome.

2.1 Nature and extent of the M.Sc Chemistry Programme

Chemistry is referred to as the science that systematically study the composition, properties, and
reactivity of matter at atomic and molecular level. The scope of chemistry is very broad. The key
areas of study of chemistry comprise Organic chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Physical
Chemistry, Electro Chemistry, Green and Nano Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Analytical
Chemistry. Organic chemistry is a study of substances containing carbon mostly; inorganic
chemistry deals with study of all other elements/compounds/substances and their chemical
properties. Physical chemistry deals with applications of concepts, laws to chemical phenomena.
Analytical chemistry, in general, deals with identification and quantification of materials.
Development of new interdisciplinary subjects like nano-materials, biomaterials, etc. and their
applications from chemistry point of view added new dimension to materials chemistry. Thus, the
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PG degree programme in chemistry also intended to cover overlapping areas of chemistry with
physics, biology, environmental sciences. Further, a broad range of subjects such as materials
chemistry, biomaterials, nano-materials, environmental chemistry, etc., has also been introduced

which can be helpful for students/faculty members to broaden the scope of their studies and hence
applications from job prospective point of view. Therefore, as a part of efforts to enhance
employability of post-graduates of chemistry, the curricula also include learning experience with
industries and research laboratories as interns. In addition, industrial visits/industrial projects are
encouraged and added to the curriculum in order to enhance better exposure to jobs/employment
opportunities in industries, scientific projects and allied sectors.
This modified syllabus has been drafted to enable the students to equip for national level
competitive exams that they may attempt in future. In addition, employability of M.Sc.
Chemistry graduate is given due importance such that their core competency in the subject
matter, both theoretical and practical, is ensured. To expand the employability of graduates, a
couple of advanced elective courses are also introduced in this framework.

2.2 Aims of Master’s degree programme in Chemistry

The broad aims of Master’s degree programme in Chemistry are:

The aim of Master’s degree programme in chemistry is intended to provide:

(i) Specific, advance and balanced knowledge in chemistry in addition to understanding of key
chemical concepts, principles and theories.
(ii) To develop students’ ability and skill to acquire expertise over solving both theoretical and
applied chemistry problems.
(iii). To provide knowledge and skill to the students’ thus enabling them to undertake further
studies in chemistry in related areas or multidisciplinary areas that can be helpful for self-
employment/entrepreneurship.
(iv). To provide an environment that ensures cognitive development of students in a holistic
manner. A complete dialogue about chemistry, chemical equations and its significance is fostered
in this framework, in addition to real life problems as in industries. Proper exploitation in area of
organic chemistry with regard to Natural Products would kindle enormous skills for assessments.
(v). To provide the latest subject matter, both theoretical as well as practical, such a way to foster
their core competency and discovery learning. A chemistry post-graduate as envisioned in this
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framework would be sufficiently competent in the field to undertake further discipline-specific

studies, research, as well as to begin domain-related employment.
(vi).To mould a responsible citizen who is aware of most basic domain-independent knowledge,
including critical thinking and communication.
(vii).To enable the graduate prepare for national as well as international competitive examinations,
especially UGC-CSIR NET, GATE and UPSC Civil Services Examination.

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3. Graduate Attributes

Attributes of chemistry post-graduate under the outcome-based teaching-learning framework may

encompass the following:

a. Core competency: The chemistry post-graduates are expected to know the fundamental
concepts of chemistry and applied chemistry. These fundamental concepts would reflect the
latest understanding of the field, and therefore, are dynamic in nature and require frequent and
time-bound revisions.
b. Communication skills: Chemistry post-graduates are expected to possess minimum
standards of communication skills expected of a science post-graduate in the country. They
are expected to read and understand documents with in-depth analyses and logical arguments.
Post-graduates are expected to be well-versed in speaking and communicating their
idea/finding/concepts to wider audience.
c. Critical thinking: Chemistry post-graduates are expected to know basics of cognitive biases,
mental models, logical fallacies, scientific methodology and constructing cogent scientific
arguments.
d. Psychological skills: Post-graduates are expected to possess basic psychological skills required
to face the world at large, as well as the skills to deal with individuals and students of various
sociocultural, economic and educational levels. Psychological skills may include feedback
loops, self-compassion, self-reflection, goal-setting, interpersonal relationships, and emotional
management.
e. Problem-solving: Post-graduates are expected to be equipped with problem-solving
philosophical approaches that are pertinent across the disciplines;
f. Analytical reasoning: Post-graduates are expected to acquire formulate cogent arguments
and spot logical flaws, inconsistencies, circular reasoning etc.
g. Research-skills: Post-graduates are expected to be keenly observant about what is going on
in the natural surroundings to awake their curiosity. Post-graduates are expected to design a
scientific experiment through statistical hypothesis testing and other a priori reasoning
including logical deduction.

h. Teamwork: Post-graduates are expected to be team players, with productive co- operations
involving members from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds.
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i. Digital Literacy: Post-graduates are expected to be digitally literate for them to enroll and
increase their core competency via e-learning resources such as MOOC and other digital tools
for lifelong learning. Graduates should be able to spot data fabrication and fake news by
applying rational skepticism and analytical reasoning.
j. Moral and ethical awareness: Post-graduates are expected to be responsible citizen of India
and be aware of moral and ethical baseline of the country and the world. They are expected to
define their core ethical virtues good enough to distinguish what construes as illegal and
crime in Indian constitution. Emphasis be given on academic and research ethics, including
fair Benefit Sharing, Plagiarism, Scientific Misconduct and so on.
k. Leadership readiness: Post-graduates are expected to be familiar with decision- making
process and basic managerial skills to become a better leader. Skills may include defining
objective vision and mission, how to become charismatic inspiring leader and so on.

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4. Qualification Descriptors
The qualification descriptors for a Master’s degree in Chemistry may include the following:

(i). Systematic and fundamental understanding of chemistry as a discipline.

(ii). Skill and related developments for acquiring specialization in the subject.
(iii). Identifying chemistry related problems, analysis and application of data using appropriate
methodologies.
(iv). Applying subject knowledge and skill to solve complex problems with defined solutions.
(v). Finding opportunity to apply subject-related skill for acquiring jobs and self-employment.
(vi). Understanding new frontiers of knowledge in chemistry for professional development.
(vii). Applying subject knowledge for solving societal problems related to application of chemistry
in day to day life.
(viii). Applying subject knowledge for sustainable environment friendly green initiatives.
(ix).Applying subject knowledge for new research and technology.

The qualification descriptors for a Master’s degree in Chemistry may also include following:

(i).To demonstrate a systematic, extensive and coherent knowledge and understanding of academic
fields of study as a whole and its applications and links to disciplinary areas of the study; including
critical understanding of the established theories, principles and concepts of a number of advanced
and emerging issues in the field of chemistry;
(ii).To demonstrate procedural knowledge that creates different types of professionals in the field
of chemistry. Further application of knowledge can enhance productivity of several economically
important product. Knowledge of Chemistry is also necessary for the development and
management of industry, manufacturing of fine chemicals, etc.
(iii)Developing skills and ability to use knowledge efficiently in areas related to specializations
and current updates in the subject
(iv).Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge about chemistry, current research, scholarly and
professional literature of advanced learning areas of Chemistry
(v).Use knowledge understanding and skills for critical assessment of wide range of ideas and
problems in the field of Chemistry.
(vi).Communicate the results of studies in the academic field of Chemistry using main concepts,
constructs and techniques
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(vii).Apply one’s knowledge and understanding of Chemistry to new/unfamiliar contexts and to

identify problems and solutions in daily life.
(viii).To think and apply understanding of the subject of Chemistry, Chemical Sciences in
identifying the problems which can be solved through the use of chemistry knowledge.
(ix).To think of the adopting expertise in chemical sciences and solve the problems of environment,
green chemistry, ecology, sustainable development, hunger, etc.

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5. Program Learning Outcome in Chemistry

Core competency: Students will acquire core competency in the subject chemistry,

(i). Systematic and coherent understanding of the fundamental concepts in Physical chemistry,
Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and all other related chemistry
subjects.
(ii).Students will be able to use the evidence based comparative chemistry approach to explain the
chemical synthesis and analysis.
(iii).The students will be able to understand the characterization of materials.
(iv). Students will be able to understand the basic principle of equipment, instruments used in the
chemistry laboratory.
(v).Students will be able to demonstrate the experimental techniques and methods of their area of
specialization in Chemistry.
(vi). Disciplinary knowledge and skill: A graduate student is expected to be capable of
demonstrating comprehensive knowledge and understanding of both theoretical and
experimental/applied chemistry knowledge in various fields of interest like Analytical Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Material Chemistry, etc. Further,
the student will be capable of using of advanced instruments and related soft-wares for in-depth
characterization of materials/chemical analysis and separation technology.
(vii). Skilled communicator: The course curriculum incorporates basics and advanced training in
order to make a graduate student capable of expressing the subject through technical writing as
well as through oral presentation.
(viii). Critical thinker and problem solver: The course curriculum also includes components that
can be helpful to graduate students to develop critical thinking ability by way of solving
problems/numerical using basic chemistry knowledge and concepts.
(ix). Sense of inquiry: It is expected that the course curriculum will develop an inquisitive
characteristic among the students through appropriate questions, planning and reporting
experimental investigation.

(x). Team player: The course curriculum has been designed to provide opportunity to act as team
player by contributing in laboratory, field based situation and industry.
(xi). Digitally literate: The course curriculum has been so designed to impart a good working
knowledge in understanding and carrying out data analysis, use of library search tools, and use of

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chemical simulation software and related computational work.

(xii). Ethical awareness/reasoning: A post-graduate student requires to understand and develop
ethicalawareness/reasoning which the course curriculum adequately provide.
(xiii). Lifelong learner: The course curriculum is designed to inculcate a habit of learning
continuously through use of advanced ICT technique and other available
techniques/books/journals for personal academic growth as well as for increasing employability
opportunity.

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 M.Sc. Chemistry

6. Structure of M.Sc. Course objectives, Learning Outcomes, Contents,

Pedagogy Strategies and References
Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) of M.Sc. CHEMISTRY
After the completion of the M.Sc. Chemistry program, the student will be able to:
PLO 1 Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge and skills in Organic, Inorganic, Physical, analytical and
Materials Chemistry and other modern areas of Chemistry.

PLO 2 Demonstrate effective communication skills both orally and in writing using appropriate media/tools.
Apply knowledge and experimental skills to synthesize and analyze chemicals / materials of need for
domestic and /or industrial domain.

PLO 3 Apply knowledge of chemistry associated with critical thinking to achieve sustainable solutions for
energy and environment and complex problems in day-to-daylife.

PLO 4 Demonstrate intellect inquiry and ability to define problems; use research methods,analyze, interpret and
draw conclusions from data; plan, execute and report the results of an experiment or investigation in
intra/interdisciplinary areas of chemistry.

PLO 5 Design & Develop eco-friendly procedures for chemical processes in the industry. With acquired skills,
critically evaluate practices, rules, and theories based on empirical evidence for relevant quantitative
and/or qualitative interpretation.

PLO 6 Demonstrate the capability to use computational tools, software and databases relevant to fields of
Chemistry in finding solution to complex problems, and, also the ability of self-learning and lifelong-
learning using ICT and Open Education Resources to meet industrial demands.

PLO 7 Demonstrate ability to work effectively with diverse teams, facilitate cooperative effort as a member or
leader of a team to achieve the transferrable/deliverables.

PLO 8 Demonstrate the ability to identify ethical issues related to one’s work, avoid unethical behaviour such
as committing plagiarism, not adhering to intellectualproperty rights, and adopt objective and truthful
actions in all aspects of work.

PLO 9 Demonstrate knowledge of the values of multiple cultures and a global perspectiveeffectively to engage
in a multicultural society for job trades, employment opportunities or further studies.
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P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Annexure – 8
6. M.Sc., CHEMISTRY - SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS: CBCS PATTERN
(For the students admitted during the academic year 2021-2022 and onwards)

MARKS
Hrs. No. of
Per
SEM Sub. code SUBJECT TITLE credits
week TOTAL
CA SE SE- TPM
MIN
21MCH11C Paper I Inorganic Chemistry – I: 5 50 50 100 25 50 05
I Ring compounds, Non-
aqueous solvents &
Nuclear Chemistry
21MCH12C Paper II Organic Chemistry – I: 5 50 50 100 25 50 05
Aromaticity and Organic
Reaction Mechanisms
21MCH13C Paper III Physical Chemistry – I: 5 50 50 100 25 50 05
Quantum Chemistry and
Group Theory
21MCH21C Paper IV Inorganic Chemistry – II: 5 50 50 100 25 50 05
Co-ordination Chemistry
21MCH22C Paper V Organic Chemistry – II: 5 50 50 100 25 50 05
II Photochemistry, Pericyclic
reactions, Carbonyl
addition, Molecular
rearrangements, and
Stereochemistry
21MCH23C Paper VI Physical Chemistry – II: 5 50 50 100 25 50 05
Thermodynamics
21MCH24P Practical I Inorganic Chemistry - I 5 50 50 100 25 50 04
21MCH25P Practical II Organic Chemistry - I 5 50 50 100 25 50 04
Physical Chemistry – I

2
21MCH26P Practical III 5 50 50 100 25 50 04

Page
P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

21MCH31C Paper VII Organic Chemistry – III: 5 50 50 100 25 50 05

Nomenclature, Reagents,
III Synthetic Methodology,
Oxidation, Reduction and
spectral problems
21MCH32C Paper VIII Physical Chemistry – III: 5 50 50 100 25 50 05
Electrochemistry and
Chemical Kinetics
21MCH33E Paper IX –E1* Organic Spectroscopy 5 50 50 100 25 50 04

21MCH34E Paper X- E2* Green Chemistry, Nano 3 50 50 100 25 50 03

Science and Research
Methodology
21MCH41C Paper XI Organic Chemistry – IV: 5 50 50 100 25 50 05
Chemistry of Natural
Products
21MCH42E Paper XII- Analytical and Solid-State 5 50 50 100 25 50 04
E3* Chemistry
IV 21MCH43E Paper XIII- Applied Electrochemistry 5 50 50 100 25 50 04
E4*
21MCH44P Practical IV Inorganic Chemistry - II 4 50 50 100 25 50 04
21MCH45P Practical V Organic Chemistry - II 4 50 50 100 25 50 04

21MCH46P Practical VI Physical Chemistry – II 4 50 50 100 25 50 04

21MCH47V PROJECT AND VIVA VOCE 3 50 50 100 25 50 06

TOTAL 2000 90
CA- Continuous Assessment, SE- Semester Examination

SE-MIN- Passing minimum in the Semester Examination; TPM – Total passing minimum

*E1, E2, E3 & E4 are ELECTIVE PAPERS

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Industrial visit, up to three days, is included in I & III semesters (optional)
P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
Paper I - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I:
2021 -2022 I 21MCH11C 5
Ring compounds, Non-aqueous solvents & Nuclear
onwards
Chemistry

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Recall inorganic ring compounds and interpret need for correlation between sulphur-
nitrogen as well organo silicon and silanes.
CLO- 2 Infer the structure of borazine compounds. Recreate the framework of structures using
Wade’s rules.
CLO- 3 Analyze about reactions in non-aqueous solvents and acid-base theories.
CLO- 4 Apply the principles of HSAB in reactions of importance.
CLO- 5 Summarize the various aspects of nucleus, particles, and radioactive decay, nuclear conversion
CLO- 6 Infer functioning of counters and accelerators.
CLO- 7 Assess on the particle capture, fertile isotopes and carbon capture.
CLO- 8 Explain the applications of radioactive isotopes, neutron activation, isotope dilution analysis.
UNIT-I (15 hrs)
Ring Compounds: Borazines, phosphonitrilic compounds, sulphur-nitrogen compounds, organo silicon
compounds, silanols, siloxanes, silyl amines (silazenes).
Borane and its derivatives – correlation between structure and number of electrons involved in bonding in
the framework - Wade’s rules – closo, nido, arachno and hypho structures.
UNIT-II (15 hrs)
Reactions in Non-aqueous Solvents: Classification of solvents – properties of ionizing solvents – a
general study of the typical reactions in liquid ammonia, sulphur dioxide, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, DMF, and
DMSO comparative study.
Acid-Base Concepts: Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lux-Flood concept, Lewis’s concept, Usanovich definition,
Hard and soft acids, and bases- HSAB concept-principle and applications.
UNIT-III (15 hrs)
Nuclear Chemistry: The nucleus – subatomic particles and their properties – binding energy- n:p ratios in
stable and metastable nuclei – Different types of nuclear forces – Liquid drop model and Shell model. Modes of
radioactive decay – Theory of alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma radiation. Orbital electron capture, nuclear
isomerism – Internal conversion.
UNIT-IV (15 hrs)
Counters and Accelerators: Cloud chamber, Nuclear emulsion, Bubble chamber, Proportional counters,
G M counter, Scintillation, and Cherenkov counters,
Linear accelerators – Cyclotron, Synchrotron, Betatron, and Bevatron.
UNIT-V (15 hrs)
4

Nuclear Reactions: Q – value, coulombic barrier – nuclear cross-section – different types of nuclear
Page

reactions- projectile capture – particle emission, spallation, fission, and fusion – Product distributions – theories of

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

fission, use of fission products, fissile and fertile isotopes- U-238, U-235, Pu-239, Th-232 – Stellar energy, Carbon
cycle, H-H chain reaction.
Radio Isotopes: Applications – isotopes as tracers – Neutron activation analysis and Isotopic dilution
analysis – uses in structure and mechanistic studies – carbon dating - Hot-atom chemistry-Safety measures*-
Disposal of nuclear waste*.

PRACTICALS: Solvents in inorganic complex preparation.

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.

REFERENCES
1. F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley Eastern (P) Ltd., (1968).
2. James E. Huheey, Elen A. Keiter & Richard L. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry, IV Edition, Addition
Wesley Publishing Co, NY, (1993).
3. Sisler, Chemistry in Non-aqueous solvents, Van Nostrand Reinhold Inc., US, (1965).
4. S. Glasstone, Sourcebook on Atomic Energy, Krieger Publishing Company, (2014).
5. Friedlander, Kennedy and Miller, Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Wiley, (1981).
6. Arnikar, Nuclear chemistry, Wiley-Blackwell, (1987).
FURTHER READINGS:
1. H.J. Emeleus and A.G. Sharpe, Modern aspects of Inorganic chemistry, IV Edition, (1989).
2. Gurdeep and Harish, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, (1974).
3. Peter A C Mcpherson, Principles of Nuclear Chemistry, world Scientific.,
4. Walter D. Loveland, David J. Morrissey & Glenn T. Seaborg, Modern Nuclear Chemistry 2nd
Edition, Wiley
5. Attila Vértes, Sándor Nagy, Zoltán Klencsár, Rezso György Lovas & Frank Rösch Handbook of
Nuclear Chemistry: Vol. 1: Basics of Nuclear Science; Vol. 2: Elements and Isotopes: Formation,
Transformation, Distribution; Vol. 3: .Nuclear Energy Production and Safety Issues. 2nd ed. (2011)
5

WEBSITE(S)
Page

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

 Microsoft Word - 4.doc (bioline.org.br)

 Slide 1 (iitd.ac.in)

 Metal Clusters (dalalinstitute.com)

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O377ShVgLi0&list=PLFW6lRTa1g82yuaxHUfC72Z
PBViN95T-D&index=1
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs7SFulW4oE&list=PLXLBkCN7a8rn9Em3D5CRA
OANhjwvC4CUK&index=1
 https://youtu.be/FFAKGyBNc04
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/103/104103069/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/104/104104101/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/103/112103243/
Table 1
Core Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
outcomes CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Disciplinary
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Knowledge
Communication
☑ ☑
Skills
Critical thinking ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related
☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑

Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑

Team work ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑
awareness
Multicultural
☑ ☑
competence
6
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
2021 -2022 I 21MCH12C Paper II - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I: 5
onwards Aromaticity and Organic Reaction Mechanisms

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Summarize the basics of Aromaticity of Organic compounds and to distinguish between
Benzenoid and non-benzenoid aromatic compounds.
CLO- 2 Explain Non-kinetic methods and Kinetic methods. Analyze linear free energy
relationship in terms of Hammett and Taft equations.
CLO- 3 Identify different types of organic reactions and their mechanisms, which will be useful to
find newer route in synthesizing compounds of medicinal values/interest compounds.
CLO- 4 Discuss the reaction mechanisms in Electrophilic and Nucleophilic substitution reactions
in aromatic and aliphatic compounds.
CLO- 5 Analyze stereochemistry– Reactivity– regioselectivity : NGP
CLO- 6 Evaluate the various rearrangement reactions through aromatic nucleophilic substitutions.
CLO- 7 Assessment of elimination reactions with respect to certain naming reactions. Illustration on the
structure and functions of carbenes and nitrenes.
CLO- 8 Discuss the mechanisms involved on certain naming reactions with respect to addition and free
radicals.
UNIT-I (15 hrs)
Aromaticity: Criteria - Huckel’s rule – diatropic molecules-Aromaticity of Benzenoids and aromatic
heterocyclic compounds. Non-benzenoid aromatics – azulene, ferrocene, tropolone, sydnones, and annulenes
(synthesis not required) - Non-aromatic and anti-aromatic systems.
Study of Organic Reaction Mechanism: Non-kinetic methods – product analysis intermediate criteria
(isolation, trapping, and detection) - isotopic labelling and cross over experiments-stereochemical evidence -
energy profile diagrams – intermediate vs. transition state. Kinetic methods - mechanistic implications of rate law
- isotope effects – kinetic and thermodynamic control of reactions – Hammond’s postulate – linear free energy
relationship - Hammett and Taft equations.
UNIT - II (15 hrs)
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution: Mechanism, orientation, and reactivity in mono and disubstituted
benzenes- partial rate factors. Specific reactions - Friedel - Craft’s alkylation and acylation – Formylations
(Gattermann, Gattermann-Koch, Reimer-Tiemann, Kolbe’s, Vilsmeier-Haack), Bischler-Napieralski, Hofmann-
Martius, and Jacobson reactions.
Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution: SE1, SE2 and SEi mechanisms - Friedel-Craft’s acylation at olefinic
carbon - Stork-enamine reaction - decarboxylation of aliphatic acids.
UNIT - III (15 hrs)
1 2 i
Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution: SN , SN , ion-pair, SN mechanisms-neighbouring group
participation – stereochemistry – Reactivity - effect of substrate structure, nucleophile, leaving group, and the
reaction medium - ambient nucleophiles (regioselectivity) and ambient substrate- hydrolysis of esters.
7
Page

Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution: SN1, SNAr and benzyne mechanisms - structure and reactivity -

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

effect of substrate structure, leaving groups and nucleophile -typical reactions - Bucherer, Rosenmund, Von-Braun,
Ziegler, Chichibabin reactions - Von-Richter, Sommlett – Hauser and Smiles rearrangements.
UNIT - IV (15 hrs)
Elimination Reactions: E1, E2, and E1cB mechanisms-structural and stereochemical factors governing
eliminations, Hofmann and Saytzeff rule – Bredt’s rule –elimination vs. substitution-pyrolytic eliminations-
Chugaev reaction-Hofmann degradation - Cope elimination, Shapiro reaction-Extrusion reactions
Carbenes and Nitrenes - Structure, generation, and reactions.
UNIT – V (15 hrs)
Addition Reactions: Electrophilic, Nucleophilic, and free radical addition to double and triple bonds-
hydration, hydroxylation (OsO4, KMnO4, H2O2, Woodward & Prevost methods), Michael addition, Hydroboration,
and Epoxidation- Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Skraup synthesis.
Free Radicals: Free radicals –generation of short-lived and long-lived free radicals- detection of free
radicals- addition, substitution, elimination, and rearrangement reactions of free radicals- typical reactions:
Sandmeyer, Gomberg-Bachmann, Ullmann, Pschorr and Hunsdieker reactions.

PRACTICALS: Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution – Nitration, Bromination

Addition Reaction – Bromination, KMnO4

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.

REFERENCES
1. J. March, Advanced Organic chemistry, McGraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd.,(1977).
2. I.L. Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol I, ELBS Edn., Pearson Education India, (2002).
3. C.K. Ingold, Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry (II edn.), CBS, (2000).
4. E.S. Gould, Mechanism and Structure in Organic Chemistry, Holt Rinehart & Winston of Canada Ltd.,
(1969).
5. R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, Sixth Edition, Pearson Eductation, (2008).
6. Raj K. Bansal, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., (2006).
7. Mukherji and Singh, Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, McMillan, (1976).
8
Page

8. Roberts and Casserio, Organic Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, (1977).

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

9. Chatwal, Reaction Mechanism and Reagents in Organic Chemistry, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd., (2018).
10. Badger, Aromatic character and Aromaticity, Cambridge University Press, (1969).
11. Jagdamba Singh and L.D.S. Yadav, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Pragati Prakashan, (2019).
12. Jagdamba Singh and L.D.S. Yadav, Organic Synthesis, Pragati Prakashan, Anu Books, (2019).

FURTHER READINGS:
1. T.H. Lowry K.S. Richardson, Mechanism, and Theory in Organic Chemistry, Harper & Row
Publishers, NY, (1981).
2. G. Solomons, Organic Chemistry, Wiley, (2017).
3. Cram, Hammond and Hendrickson, Organic Chemistry, Tata-McGraw Hill, (1970).
4. E.R. Alexander, Principles of Ionic Organic Reactions, Nabu Press, (2011).
5. Ferguson, The Modern Structural Theory of Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall, (1963).
6. Jack Hine, Physical Organic Chemistry, McGraw Hill Inc., US, (1962).
7. Neil S. Isaacs, Physical Organic Chemistry, Longman, (1987).
8. Stanley H. Pine, Organic Chemistry, Tata-McGraw Hill Inc., US, (1987).
9. Garratt, Aromaticity, Tata-McGraw Hill Inc., US, (1971).
10. Guinsberg, Non-benzenoid Aromatic Compounds, Wiley, (1959).
11. Harris and Wamser, Fundamentals of Organic Reaction Mechanisms, John Wiley & Sons Inc., (1746).
12. Miller, Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution, Elsevier Science Ltd., (1969).
13. Nonhebel and Walton, Free Radical Chemistry, Cambridge University Press, (1974).
14. Bunton, Nucleophilic Substitution at the Saturated Carbon, Elsevier Publishing Company, (1963).
15. P. Sykes, Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education, (2003).
16. F.A. Carey, R.J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A and Part B, Springer, (2008).

WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1ePwEQ4Fa0
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkQUJhJYPA0
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsBn-BxuN0M
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtV_JxzZoss
9

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-D8tYR3LTsI
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/101/104101115/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/101/104101005

Table 2
Core Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
outcomes CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Disciplinary
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Knowledge
Communication
☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Critical thinking ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related
☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑

Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑

Team work ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑ ☑
awareness
Multicultural
☑ ☑
competence

10
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
2021 -2022 I 21MCH13C Paper III - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – I: 5
onwards Quantum Chemistry and Group Theory

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Explain the concepts of Quantum chemistry principles, postulates, and illustration of
Schrodinger equation.
CLO- 2 Apply the basic ideas in solving particle in 1D, 3D box system, ring and sphere.
CLO- 3 Extending the acquired knowledge in solving harmonics, rigid rotor. Apply the
approximation methods to solve hydrogen atom, Helium in ground and excited state.
CLO- 4 Demonstrate the MO methods, HMO methods. Assessment on bonding in many electron
systems.
CLO- 5 Identify symmetry and point groups for varied molecules. Discussion on postulates and
GMT.
CLO- 6 Develop knowledge on creation of irreducible representation and character table for C 2v and C3v
CLO- 7 Evaluate selection rules for vibration of small molecules and splitting of orbitals in O h, Td
CLO- 8 Simplify MO calculations using SALC’s

UNIT – I (15 Hrs)

Quantum Chemistry: Basic Concepts – Black body radiation - Time-dependent and time-independent
Schrodinger equation – requirement of an acceptable wave function – operator concept as applied to quantum
mechanics (basic ideas) - postulates of quantum mechanics – Hermitian operators – application of Schrodinger
equation to the particle in a box (1D & 3D Boxes) – Particle in a ring & Particle in Sphere
UNIT - II (15 Hrs)
Application to Hydrogen Atom Problem: Harmonic oscillator and rigid rotator – Central force problem
– H-atom – method of separation of variables – final solution – the energy and wave function for the problem –
quantum numbers – shapes of the wave functions – electron spin and Pauli’s principle
Approximation Methods: Approximate methods in quantum mechanics – the need for approximation
methods – Perturbation and variation methods applicable to H2 molecule in the ground and excited states – He
atom in the ground state, He2+ in the ground and excited state.
UNIT – III (15 Hrs)
Bonding in Many Electron Systems: LCAO – MO methods – Slater determinants – HMO treatment of
conjugated and straightforward π- electron systems – ethylene, allyl, butadiene, and benzene systems –
delocalization energy – construction and use of hybrid orbitals – directional character – determination of bond
angles.
UNIT – IV (15 Hrs)
Group Theory & Molecular Symmetry: Molecular symmetry and group theory – Point symmetry –
Schonfloes and Herman-Mauguin notations – identification of point groups of simple molecules – postulates of
11

group theory – group multiplication table – orthogonality and irreducible representations – application of the
orthogonality theorem to obtain the irreducible representations of the point groups C 2v and C3v only – character
Page

table (explanation) different areas of the character tables.

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

UNIT – V (15 Hrs)

Group Theory & Normal Modes of Vibrations, Orbital Splitting: Application of the group theoretical
methods to find the total number of vibrations of simple molecules such as H 2O and NH3 – Selection rules with
regard to Raman and IR activities and electronic transitions – splitting of orbitals in Oh, Td and D4h symmetries –
hybridization as applied to methane and water – simplification of MO calculations employing symmetry adopted
linear combination molecular orbital procedure – application to Butadiene.
A minimum of 10% problem-oriented questions to be asked

PRACTICALS: Interpretation of vibration from IR data using Group theory principles.

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizzes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.
REFERENCES
1. L. Pauling, E.B. Wilson, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry, McGraw
Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, (1935).
2. A. K. Chandra, Introduction to Quantum Chemistry, TMH, Chennai, (1988).
3. R.S. Drago, Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, (1978).
4. P.W. Atkins, J. De. Paula, Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 8th Edn., Oxford University Press, Oxford, (2006).
5. R.K. Prasad, Quantum Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd., Chennai, (1992)
6. B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma, M.S. Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co., Jalandar,
41st Edn., (2006).
7. Ramakrishnan, Gopinathan, Group Theory in Chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co., (2013).
8. K.V. Raman, Group Theory & its applications to Chemistry, Tata-McGraw Hill, (2004).
9. F.A. Cotton, Chemical Applications of Group Theory, Wiley India Pvt Ltd., Third Edition, (2008).
10. S. Swarnalakshmi, A Simple approach to Group Theory in Chemistry, Universities Press, (2009).
FURTHER READINGS:
12

1. D.A. McQuarie, Quantum Chemistry, Oxford University Press, Calcutta, (1982).

Page

2. Lowe and Peterson, Quantum Chemistry, Academic Press, (2005).

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

3. Carter, Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory, Wiley, (1997).

4. Ira. N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, V Edn., (2000).
5. W.J. Moore, Physical Chemistry (1962).
6. Boris S. Tsukerblat, Group Theory in Chemistry and Spectroscopy - A Simple Guide to Advanced Usage,
Dower Pub. Inc., (2006)
7. Kieran C Molloy, Group Theory for Chemists: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Woodhead Pub.,
(2010)
8. Rakshit Ameta & Suresh C. Ameta, Chemical Applications of Symmetry and Group Theory 1st Edition,
Apple Academic Press (2016)
WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 http://ursula.chem.yale.edu/~batista/classes/vvv/v570.pdf

 Slide 1 (dspmuranchi.ac.in)

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Av9f25sqLG0
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5m8ubFNFJUU
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/104/104104080/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPvWlwOhCTo
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p82enyv3XA0
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MCbWJa4u-4
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYRuPNK6WNM
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLesbQ8MPlU
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASPuNKrCzDE

13
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Table 3
Core Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
outcomes CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Disciplinary
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Knowledge
Communication
☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Critical thinking ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related
☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑

Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑

Team work ☑ ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑ ☑
awareness
Multicultural
☑ ☑ ☑
competence

14
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
2021 -2022 II 21MCH21C Paper IV - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II: 5
onwards Co-ordination Chemistry

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Illustrate on bonding both MOT and CFT : Use of spectrochemical series.
CLO- 2 Assign various symmetries for Octahedral, Tetrahedral and square planar using group
theory. CFSE effects.
CLO- 3 Analyze term symbols –microstate. Demonstrate both Orgel and Tanabe- Sugano diagrams
CLO- 4 Critiques on John-Teller tetragonal distortions and – Nephelauxetic effect.
CLO- 5 Analyze Structural aspects of metal carbonyls – Use of Vaska’s compound
CLO- 6 Identify ring systems of 5, 7and 8 membered. Extrapolate to complexes of Heme, myo and
cyanocobalamine and metallo-enzymes
CLO- 7 Summarize Ligand substitution reaction in octahedral complexes – Mechanism. Design on Trans
effect – Theories – Electron transfer
CLO- 8 Utilize reagents/reactions in conversions.-hydroformylation, carbonylation. Application of Wacker
process and Ziegler- Natta polymerization.
UNIT – I (15 Hrs)
Types of ligands – nomenclature and isomerism
Bonding: Valence bond theory-Crystal field theory – crystal field effects in tetrahedral, octahedral, and
square planar symmetries – Crystal field stabilization energy – weak and strong field effects – spectrochemical
series
MOT & CFT: Molecular Orbital Theory-based on group theoretical approach MO diagrams of Oh, Td and
square planar symmetries with and without π bonding – experimental evidence for the presence of π bonding –
Magnetic behaviour of the transition metal ions in crystal field and molecular orbital theories.
UNIT – II (15 Hrs)
Term symbols: Microstates and Term symbols, characteristic of d-d transitions and selection rules. Weak
and strong field limits – Energy level diagrams – Orgel and Tanabe- Sugano diagrams – Orgel diagram for Co2+
ion in tetrahedral and octahedral fields – Orgel diagram for d2, d3, d7 & d8 systems in octahedral and tetrahedral
fields - Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for d2 to d8 systems (d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7 & d8) - John-Teller tetragonal distortions
and spin-orbit couplings – Nephelauzetic effect – charge transfer spectra.
UNIT – III (15 Hrs)
Organo metallic compounds: Metal carbonyls, methods of preparation, structure, bonding, and reactions
– carboxylate ions – carbonyl hydrates, carbonyl halides – Vaska’s compound – Compounds of molecular nitrogen
and oxygen – Nitrosyl complexes, β-diketones, – Complexes of unsaturated hydrocarbons alkenes, allyls, and
dienyls.
UNIT –IV (15 hrs)
Carbocyclic π –Complexes: Cyclopentadienyl and related complexes (synthesis, bonding, structure, and
15

reactions) – Arene complexes: Complexes formed by seven and eight-membered aromatic rings
Page

Complexes of Biochemical Importance: Porphyrin ring system, Cytochromes, Haemoglobin, Myoglobin,

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Cyanocobalamine, Chlorophyll (structure and functions, PS-I & II), Sodium and Potassium ion pumps-nitrogen
fixation-Metal poisons and chelating agents in medicine - Metallo enzymes.
UNIT – V (15 hrs)
Reactions of Co-ordination Compounds: Ligand substitution reaction in octahedral complexes –
Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction in octahedral and square planar complexes – Trans effect –
Theories – Electron transfer reactions in co-ordination compounds – Theory of redox reactions.
Homogenous Catalysis of Co-ordination Compounds: Hydroformylation, Carbonylation of methanol
and methyl acetate, Hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds, Wacker process – Ziegler- Natta
polymerization.

PRACTICALS: Preparation of square planar complexes - mechanism

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.

REFERENCES
1. F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Pvt Ltd., (1968).
2. F. Bassalo and R.G. Pearson, Mechanism of Inorganic Reactions, II edn, John Wiley & Sons, (1967).
3. R.S. Drago, Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, Interscience Publishers, Wiley, (1978).
4. J.E. Huheey, Keiter and Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry IV edn., Additional Wesley Publishing Co, NY,
(1993).
5. J.D. Lee, Modern Concepts in Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press, (2008).
6. W. U. Malik, G. D. Tuli & R.D. Madan, Selected Topics in Inorganic Chemistry, S Chand & Co Ltd
(2010)
7. R. Gopalan, V. Ramalingam, Concise Coordination Chemistry, Vikas Publication House Pvt Ltd
(2008)
8. Rosette M. Roat-Malone, Bioinorganic Chemistry - A Short Course, II edition, John Wiley & Sons,
(2007).
FURTHER READINGS:
16

1. H.J. Emeleus and A.G. Sharpe, Modern Aspects of Inorganic Chemistry, IV Edition, (1989).
Page

2. S.F.A. Kettle, Co-ordination Compounds, University Microfilms, (1990).

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

3. Cartmell and Fowles, Valence and Molecular Structure, Butterworth- Heinemann, (2013).
4. W.L. Jolly, Modern Inorganic Chemistry, McGraw Hill College, (1983).
5. Bodie E. Douglas, Darl H. McDaniel & John J. Alexander, Concepts and Models of Inorganic
Chemistry 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, (1994).
6. Edward Lisic, Inorganic Chemistry: Introduction to coordination chemistry, Infinity pub., (2012)
7. Satya Prakash R. D, Modern Inorganic Chemistry, S Chand & Co Ltd
8. G D Tuli, Satya Prakash, S K Basu & R D Madan, S Chand & Co Ltd, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
VOL.I, & VOL.2
9. Peter Atkins, Tina Overton & Jonathon Rourke, Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press (2009)
10. Dieter Rehder, Bioinorganic Chemistry - An Introduction, OUP Oxford, (2014)
11. Gheorghe Duca, Homogeneous Catalysis with Metal Complexes - Fundamentals and Applications,
Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2012)
WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlz3_1ofdQs&list=PL8TbBPqune7T-MwkLf2FTAtE1WjjgCQr
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlI1hnJZleo&list=PL8TbBPqune7T-
MwkLf2FTAtE1WjjgCQr&index=2
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvwswG8FmqE
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M38GJOTjwr0
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqxcALnh4zg
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/101/104101121/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/101/104101090/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/106/104106064/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86rNPVAtj0Y
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPdEtYNAyp0
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjNpuBHlSVc
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPTu1YswO1w
17
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Table 4
Core Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
outcomes CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Disciplinary
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Knowledge
Communication
☑ ☑ ☑
Skills
Critical thinking ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑

Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑

Team work ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑ ☑
awareness
Multicultural
☑ ☑
competence

18
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
Paper V - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II:
2021 -2022 II 21MCH22C 5
Photochemistry, Pericyclic reactions, Carbonyl addition,
onwards
Molecular rearrangements, and Stereochemistry

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Interpret Jablonski diagram, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)
CLO- 2 Illustrate of Norrish Type I, Norrish Type II. Need for di – π methane rearrangement
CLO- 3 Develop theory on the Woodward – Hoffmann rules – Correlation diagrams
CLO- 4 Evaluate arrangement towards Sigmatropic shifts, Claisen and Cope.
CLO- 5 Explain on addition reactions to carbonyl compounds – naming reactions
CLO- 6 Assess molecular rearrangements and synthesis of certain compounds
CLO- 7 Apply chirality for sulphur and nitrogen compounds, to biphenyls, allenes spiranes.
CLO- 8 Exercise on E Z notation and application of configuration and conformation
UNIT-I (15 hrs)
Organic Photochemistry: Theory of light absorption –electronic excitation - properties & energies of
excited states – Jablonski diagram – photo physical processes – fluorescence, delayed fluorescence (E & P types),
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and Phosphorescence - Excimers and Exciplexes – intersystem
crossing – inter & intramolecular energy transfer - Quantum efficiency.
Photochemical reactions of ketones – Norrish Type I, Norrish Type II – Paterno – Buchi reaction –
Photoreduction and oxidation – α, β- unsaturated ketones- Photochemistry of olefins, conjugated olefins and
aromatic compounds – cis-trans isomerisation - di – π methane rearrangement of cyclohexdienones – Barton’s
reaction.
UNIT –II (15 hrs)
Pericyclic Reactions: classification – Theories – The Frontier Orbital approach – The Woodward –
Hoffmann rules – Correlation diagrams, Huckel – Mobius approach, Dewar – Zimmermann approach,
Electrocyclic reactions of 1,3-dienes and 1,3,5-trienes, [2+2] and [4+2] cycloadditions, Diels – Alder reaction,
Retro Diels – Alder reaction, 1,3 – dipolar addition – Cheleotropic reaction. Sigmatropic reactions – [1,3], [1,5]
and [3,3], Sigmatropic shifts – Claisen and Cope rearrangements, ene reactions.
UNIT III (15 hrs)
Addition Reactions to Carbonyl Compounds: Mannich, Aldol, Grignard, Claisen & Dieckmann, Stobbe,
Perkin, Knoevenagel, Darzen, Wittig, Thorpe, Reformatsky, and Benzoin reactions, Friedlander quinoline
synthesis, Strecker and Peterson synthesis. Stereo selectivity in carbonyl addition reactions - Cram’s rule.
UNIT IV (15 hrs)
Molecular Rearrangements & Applications: Migratory aptitudes- Memory effects. Migration to electron
deficient carbon: Wagner – Meerwein, Demyanov, Dienone – phenol rearrangements, Wolff (Arndt-Eistert
synthesis), Favorski. Rearrangement to electron-deficient nitrogen: Neber, Lossen and Schmidt rearrangements.
Rearrangement to electron-deficient Oxygen: Baeyer–Villiger. Aromatic Rearrangements: Fries. Electrophillic
19

Rearrangements: Steven’s. Non-cyclic rearrangements: Chapman and Wallach rearrangement. Sigmatropic

rearrangements: Benzidine, Fischer-indole synthesis.
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

UNIT V (15 hrs)

Stereochemistry: Optical isomerism – Concept of chirality- Stereochemistry of sulfur and nitrogen
compounds – concept of prochirality- enantiotopic and diastereotopic ligands & faces- stereo selective and stereo
specific reactions - R, S – nomenclature of compounds having one and more than one chiral centres – axial
chirality - (optical isomerism of biphenyls, allenes and spirans )- planar chirality (optical isomerism of ansa
compounds and cyclophanes) - helicity (optical isomerism of over – crowded molecules)
Geometrical Isomerism: E, Z – notation – Determination of configuration of geometrical isomers-
stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds (up to six membered ring)– aldoximes & ketoximes.
Conformational Analysis: Configuration and conformation – Conformation of acyclic compounds –
cyclohexanes, decalins – stability and reactivity in relation to conformation – perhydrophenanthrenes.

PRACTICALS: Rearrangement reactions – Mannich, Claisen, Perkin and Konevenagel.

Functional group analysis.

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.

REFERENCES
1. E.S. Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon compounds, Tata-McGraw Hill, (2001).
2. Potapov, Stereochemistry, Central Books Ltd., (1980).
3. Kagan, Organic Stereochemistry, Edward Arnold, (1979).
4. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd., (1977).
5. Kalsi, Stereochemistry, New Age International Private Ltd., (2015).
6. Nasipuri, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, New Age International Private Ltd., (2020).
7. Nogradi, Stereochemistry – Concepts and Applications, Pergamon, (2013).
8. Turro, Molecular Photochemistry, University Science Books, US, (1991).
9. Deputy and Chapman, Molecular reactions and Photochemistry, Prentice Hall, (1972).
10. Rohatgi Mukherjee, Fundamentals of Photochemistry, New Age Int. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, (2009).
11. Jagdamba Singh and L.D.S. Yadav, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Pragati Prakashan, (2019).
20

12. Mukherji and S.P. Singh, Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, McMillan, (1976).
Page

13. Jagdamba Singh and L.D.S. Yadav, Organic Synthesis, Pragati Prakashan, (2019).
P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

FURTHER READINGS:
1. Eliel, Allinger, Angyal and Morrison, Conformational Analysis, Interscience Publishers, (1965).
2. Mislow, Introduction to Stereochemistry, Dover Publication, (2003).
3. Bernard Testa, Principles of Organic Stereochemistry, M. Dekker, (1979).
4. Newman, Steric Effects in Organic Chemistry, Wiley, (1957).
5. DE Mayo, Molecular Rearrangements, John Wiley & Sons Inc., (1963).
6. Stevens and Watts, Selected Molecular Rearrangements, Kreiger Pub Co., (1972).
7. Reutov, Theoretical Principles of Organic Chemistry, Central Books Ltd., (1967).
8. Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A, Springer, (2007).
9. Lowry and Richardson, Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, Harper & Row Publishers, NY,
(1981).
10. Jaffee and Orchin, Orbital Symmetry, John Wiley & Sons, (1971).
11. Orchin, Antibonding Orbitals, Houghton Mifflin, (1967).
12. Cowan and Drisko, Elements of Organic Photochemistry, Springer, (1976).
13. Coxon and Halton, Organic Photochemistry, Cambridge University Press, (2011).

WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp0LeL0SkRg
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_b1Y4QhhZc
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBljnB-6420
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JROZc-9DayM
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNyijTBpOrI Text Book

21
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Table 5
Core Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
outcomes CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Disciplinary
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Knowledge
Communication
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Critical thinking ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑

Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑

Team work ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑ ☑
awareness
Multicultural
☑ ☑
competence

22
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
2021 -2022 II 21MCH23C Paper VI - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – II: 5
onwards Thermodynamics

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Differentiate between activity and its co-efficient in liquids and gases.
CLO- 2 Specifically use fugacity for gases and apply the same to liquid mixtures.
CLO- 3 Categorize the forms of molecular gas distribution. Apply to heat capacity calculations
CLO- 4 Compile the need for third law of thermodynamics. Importance of probability.
CLO- 5 Perform theoretical interpretation on various distribution laws.
CLO- 6 Carry out entropy calculation of gas through B-E and F-D statistics.
CLO- 7 Develop Einstein’s and Debye’s Theories of Heat Capacities
CLO- 8 Assess partition functions, evaluate Sackur – Tetrode Equation.
UNIT – I (15 Hrs)
Activity: Activity and activity co-efficient - determination of activity co-efficient - standard states.
Fugacity: Definition – determination – Graphical, Equation of States and Approximate method of
Calculation – Variation of fugacity with Temperature and Pressure – Fugacity of Real and Ideal Gases – Mixture
of Real Gases – Determination of Fugacity in Gas Mixtures (The Lewis – Randall Rule) – Variation of Fugacity
with T & P for mixture of gases. Fugacity in Liquid Mixtures
UNIT – II (15 Hrs)
Quantum Statistics – Molecular Gas Distribution: Maxwell Distribution Law for Molecular velocities –
for Ideal Gas – Evaluation of Average Velocity (Cav), – Root Mean Square Velocity (CRMS), Most Probable
Velocity (CMPV), – Distribution Function in terms of the Kinetic Energy for Ideal gas – Experimental Verifications
of Maxwell Distribution – the Principle of Equipartition of Energy and the Calculation of Heat Capacities of Ideal
Gases and Limitations
UNIT – III (15 Hrs)
III Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy: Probability and III Law of Thermodynamics – Need for III
Law – Nernst Heat Theorem and Other Statements of III Law – Thermodynamic Quantities at Absolute Zero –
Statistical Meaning of III Law – Apparent Exceptions – Helium at Low Temperature – Negative Absolute
Temperature – Entropy of Gases – Entropy at Absolute Zero – Entropy and Probability (Boltzmann Expression) –
Boltzmann – Planck Equation – Significance of Thermodynamic Probability – Entropy of Expansion of Ideal Gas.
UNIT – IV (15 Hrs)
Statistical Concepts and Thermodynamic Distributions: Theories of permutations and combinations –
law of probability - distribution law – Guassian distribution – Binomial distribution.
Thermodynamic Probabilities of Systems involving Energy Levels – Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution law
– Evaluation of α and β in Maxwell- Boltzmann Distribution Law (Lagrangian Multipliers). Bose – Einstein and
Fermi – Dirac Statistics – Bose – Einstein Distribution Law – Entropy of Bose – Einstein Gas – Fermi – Dirac gas
– comparison, Heat Capacity of the Electron Gas and Heat Capacity of Metals- Calculation of Fermi energy for
23

gold and copper.

Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

UNIT V (15 Hrs)

Quantum Statistics for Solids: Einstein’s and Debye’s Theories of Heat Capacities of Solids – Maxwell-
Boltzmann Statistics – Phase Space – Thermodynamic Probabilities of Systems in Equilibrium – Boltzmann
Expression of Entropy – Stirling’s approximation – States of maximum thermodynamic probability.
Partition function: Definition – Justification & Nomenclature – Barometric Distribution Law –
Boltzmann Distribution – Relation between Total Partition Functions & Translational, Rotational Vibrational &
Electronic Partition Functions – Ortho & para-Hydrogen – Evaluation of Thermodynamic Properties (E, H, A and
G, CV and CP, – Entropy of Monoatomic Molecules (Sackur – Tetrode Equation) and Calculation of Equilibrium
Constants of Reactions.
A minimum of 10% problem-oriented questions to be asked

PRACTICALS: Determination of activity and activity co-efficient.

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.

REFERENCES
1. S. Glasstone, Thermodynamics for Chemists, EWP, (2008).
2. N.M. Laurendeau, Statistical Thermodynamics Fundamentals and Applications, Cambridge University
Press, (2012).
3. Kuriakose and Rajaram Thermodynamics, Pearson Education India, (2013).
4. Lee, Sears and Turcotte – Statistical Thermodynamics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc,
(1963).
5. Peter Atkins, Physical Chemistry, OUP Oxford, (2018).
6. Gupta, Statistical Thermodynamics, Wiley-Blackwell, (1991).
FURTHER READINGS:
1. Sears and Salinger, Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Narosa
Publishing House, (2011).
2. Klotz, Chemical Thermodynamics, Wiley-Interscience, (2010).
24

3. Peter A. Rock, Chemical Thermodynamics (2013)

4. Ernö Keszei Chemical Thermodynamics - An Introduction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2012)
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

5. Levine, Physical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited (2007)

6. B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma, M.S. Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal Publishing (2008)
7. R L Madan, Physical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Education

WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrtZAJtEH3c&list=PLdBDmcnzLC_ZfA9evETglI7N
X6N_45M77
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogw0iojLBEQMSc CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS-2021-2023 62
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yf2LBUb39g
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=506&v=Lz0xqu3HvD0
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115/103/115103113/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/103/104103112/

Table 6
Core Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
outcomes CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
CLO 2 CLO 4 CLO 5
1 3 6 7 8
Disciplinary
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Knowledge
Communication
☑
skills
Critical thinking ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑

Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑

Team work ☑ ☑
Multicultural
☑
competence
25
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
Paper VII - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III:
2021 -2022 III 21MCH31C 5
Nomenclature, Reagents, Synthetic Methodology, Oxidation,
onwards
Reduction and spectral problems

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Correlate between acyclic and monocyclic compounds. Learn the naming of bicyclic
systems.
CLO- 2 Identify the suitable reagents for synthetic conversions of various organic compounds.
CLO- 3 Recognize synthons and equivalents. Develop Retrosynthetic approach in the synthesis of
organic target molecules.
CLO- 4 Illustrate functional group interconversions (FGI)
CLO- 5 Perform organic conversions through oxidation reagents.
CLO- 6 Use specific reagent in oxidizing alkenes.
CLO- 7 Summarize reductive process through reducing agents in conversions.
CLO- 8 Possess through knowledge on interpretation of spectral data available through application
of various instrumental techniques. Predict the correct structure using various spectra.
UNIT I (15 hrs)
Nomenclature: IUPAC nomenclature of acyclic and monocyclic compounds-
Nomenclature of bicyclic system – large ring compounds (muscone, civetone), Novel ring system –
adamantane – diadamantane, cubane (strained ring), catenane (interlocked system), Bulvalene (fluxional molecule)
(Synthesis only for catenanes, synthesis for others not necessary)
Reagents in Organic Synthesis: Hexamethylphosphorictiamide (HMPT), 1,5- diaza-bicyclo[5,4-c]-
undecene-3 (DBU), Polyphosphoric acid (PPA), 1,3-dithiane (umpolung), Lithium dimethylcuprate (LDC),
Lithium disopropylamide (LDA), Crown ethers, Phase transfer catalysts (PTC), Merrifield resin,
Trimethylsilyliodide.
UNIT II (15 hrs)
Synthetic Methodology: Retrosynthesis – disconnection approach – Synthons and synthetic equivalents –
guidelines for choosing disconnections– linear and convergent synthesis – controlling and enhancing the
reactivity - functional group interconversions – functional group addition - one group C-X disconnections – two
group C-X bond disconnections – one group C-C bond disconnections – regioselectivity – two- group C-C bond
disconnections - 1,3- difunctional, 1,5 – difunctional compounds and Robinson annelation reaction - importance
of the order of events – Chemoselectivity – reversal of polarity. Protecting groups – protection of alcohols,
carbonyl groups, carboxylic group and amino group. Modern methods of functional group interconversions (FGI)
involving >C=O, -CHO, OH, SH, -COOH, >C=C<, -NH2, -COOR, -CONHR functions. Synthetic examples: β-
vetivone, Vitamin A and longifoline
UNIT III (15 hrs)
26

Oxidation: Jone’s reagent, Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), Pyridinium dichromate (PDC), Chromyl
chloride, Dioxiranes, Dicyclohexylcarbodiamide (DCC), DMSO, DMSO-Ac2O, DMSO-oxalyl chloride (Swern
Page

reaction), Oppenaur oxidation, Sommelet reaction - oxidative cleavage of 1, 2 – diols (lead tetra acetate and

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

periodic acid), Etard reaction, Dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ), SeO2, Ozonolysis, Lemieux reagents (NaIO4
with KMnO4 & OsO4), allylic oxidation (SeO2 & NBS), Fenton’s reagent, Oxidation of amines and sulphides,
Wacker process (ketone from alkene) and Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN).
UNIT IV (15 hrs)
Reduction: Catalytic hydrogenation – typical reactions – catalysts and solvents, catalytic
dehydrogenation.
Metal hydride reduction – typical reactions and conditions used – LiAlH4, NaBH4 and NaCNBH3
reductions, Hydroboration, 9-BBN, tri –n- butyltin hydride (TBH), DIBAL–H, Me3SiCN, tri tertiarybutoxy
aluminum hydride, Stereochemistry of reduction of cyclic ketones with metal hydrides.
Dissolving metal reductions – Birch reduction, Clemmensen reduction, electro-organic reduction, Wolff-
Kishner, Meerwein-Pondorff-Verley and Rosenmund reduction, McMurrays coupling, Cannizzaro reaction,
Acyloin condensation, Wilkinson’s catalyst, Baker’s yeast.
UNIT V (15 hrs)
Problems based on Spectra: Applications of Elemental Analysis, UV, IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral
techniques to solve the structures of simple organic molecules (problems based on data).
PRACTICALS: Retrosynthetic analysis of a given compound,
Oxidation reactions & Reduction reactions
Interpretation of UV, IR, NMR Spectra

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.
REFERENCES
1. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd., (1977).
2. House, Modern Synthetic Reactions, Benjamin-Cummings Publishing, (1972).
3. Gurtu and Kapoor, Organic Reactions and Reagents, S.Chand & Co., (2000).
4. Fieser and Fieser, Reagents in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-Intersceince, (1967).
5. Jagdamba Singh and L.D.S. Yadav, Organic Synthesis, Pragati Prakashan, (2019).
6. Silverstein, Bassler and Morril, Spetrometric identification of Organic Compounds, Wiley, NY, (1991).
7. William Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, McMillan, (2019).
27

8. Kalsi, Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., (2016).
9. Y. R. Sharma, Elementary Organic Absorption Spectroscopy, S.Chand, (2013).
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

FURTHER READINGS:
1. Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, Cambridge University Press, (1987).
2. Norman, Principles of Organic Synthesis, CRC Press, (1993).
3. Pine, Organic Chemistry, McGraw Hill Education, (2006).
4. Ireland, Organic Synthesis, Prentice Hall, (1969).
5. Waren, Designing Organic Synthesis-A Programmed Introduction to Synthetic Approach, Wiley, (1978).
6. Furthrhop and Penzlin, Organic Synthesis Concepts, Methods and Starting Materials, 2 nd Edition, Wiley-
VCH, (1993).
7. Mackie and Smith, Guide lines to Organic Synthesis, Pearson PTR, (1999).
8. Silverstein and Webster, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, Eighth Edition, Wiley,
(2014).
9. S.C. Pal, Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Alpha Science International Ltd., (2008).
10. Stuart Warren, Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach, Wiley India Pvt. Limited (2007)
11. Jeffrey H. Simpson, Organic Structure Determination Using 2-D NMR Spectroscopy A Problem-Based
Approach, Elsevier Science (2012)
12. Tom Forrest, Jean-Pierre Rabine, Michel Rouillard, Organic Spectroscopy Workbook, Wiley (2011)

WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwia3_Her8s
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB9V2uMaxA8
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp0LeL0SkRg

28
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Table 7
Core Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
outcomes CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Disciplinary
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Knowledge
Communication
☑ ☑
skills
Critical thinking ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related
☑ ☑
skills
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑

Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑

Team work ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑
awareness
Multicultural
☑
competence

29
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
Paper VIII - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – III:
2021 -2022 III 21MCH32C 5
Electrochemistry and Chemical Kinetics
onwards

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Demonstrate the activity co-efficient through electrochemical analysis. Concentration
dependence in evaluating DHO equation.
CLO- 2 Compare thermodynamic parameters from electrochemical reactions.
CLO- 3 Calculate the kinetics at the electrode-electrolyte interface.
CLO- 4 Acquire the basics of membrane potentials outlined through kinetic phenomenon.
CLO- 5 Gain knowledge on the charge transfer in electrode reactions, its reversibility to the ions.
CLO- 6 Explain the techniques of uni- and bi- molecular processes. Application of steady state
approximation in transient species in chain reactions.
CLO- 7 Examine the mechanism of enzyme catalysis, polymerization kinetics, Heterogeneous
catalysis – adsorption.
CLO- 8 Interpret the potential energy diagram and Langmuir isotherms.
UNIT – I (15 hrs)
DHLL and Electrode potential: Calculation of heat of solvation, Hydration of ionic species – Ionic
strength – concentration and activity coefficient – Debye-Huckel limiting law- Electrochemical Method of
determining activity coefficients of electrolytic solutions – Electrolytic conductance – Debye-Huckel-Onsager
equation – verification – Wien effect and Debye-Falkenhagen effect – Thermodynamics of electrochemical
reactions – Free energy and emf – Standard and formal electrode potentials – Problems based on electrode
potentials and their measurements – Ion selective electrodes.
UNIT – II (15 hrs)
Electrode Kinetic phenomena: Electrode – Electrolytic interface – electrical double layer –
electrocapillary thermodynamics – Lippman equation – Measurements of double layer capacitances – Theoretical
models of double layers – Helmholtz and Guoy-Chapman models – Potential of zero charge – Stern model – outer
and inner Helmholtz planes – Specific adsorption of cations, anions and neutral molecules – a brief outline of
Electrokinetic phenomenon and membrane potentials.
UNIT – III (15hrs)
Electrode Kinetics: Kinetics of electron transfer – Butler-Volmer equation – the transfer coefficient –
double layer effects – The Tafel equation – Charge transfer resistance – Reversibility and irreversibility in
electrochemical reactions – Nernst relation from Butler-Volmer relation – multi-step process – the effect of
electrode on electron transfer rate – Hydrogen evolution reaction as a case study – processes associated with
electron transfer – mass transfer effects – over-voltages - activation concentration and resistance over-voltage.
UNIT – IV (15hrs)
Chemical Kinetics: The ARRT – thermodynamic treatment of ARRT – significance of reaction co-
30

ordinate – application of ARRT – Unimolecular and bimolecular processes – Potential energy surface – Kinetic
isotopic effect – Principles of microscopic reversibility – Steady State Approximation – Third order and
Page

termolecular reactions – Applications of ARRT to solution kinetics – Factors affecting reaction rates in solution.
P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Chain reactions and explosions – Homogeneous catalysis, Acid – base catalysis – salt effects – acidity
functions – Zucker-Hammet hypothesis – Bunnett criterion.
UNIT – V (15 hrs)
Enzyme catalysis: Mechanism of single substrate reaction – influence of pH and temperature – fast
reactions – chain reaction (water only)– Kinetics of polymerization in solution – Heterogeneous catalysis –
adsorption and free energy relation at interfaces – Gibbs’s adsorption isotherm – Physical adsorption –
Chemisorption – Potential energy diagram and Lennard-Jones plots – Langmuir and BET isotherms –
Measurement of surface area – Semiconductor catalysis – Langmuir – Hinshelwood and Langmuir – Rideal – Eley
mechanisms
A minimum of 10% problem-oriented questions to be asked

PRACTICALS: DHLL- Electrochemical Method of determining activity coefficients.

Acid hydrolysis of an ester. Saponification.
Adsorption experiments

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizzes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.

REFERENCES
1. Crow, Principles and Applications of Electrochemistry, CRC Press, (1994).
2. Koryta and Drorek, Principles of Electrochemistry, Wiley, 2nd Edition, (1993).
3. Bockris and Reddy, Modern Electrochemistry (Vol. I & II), Springer, (2000).
4. K.J. Laidler, Chemical kinetics, Tata-McGraw Hill, (1973).
5. Samuel Glasstone, Introduction to Electrochemistry, Maurice Press, (2007).
6. Moore, Physical Chemistry, Longmans, (1965).

FURTHER READINGS:
1. Rieger, Electrochemistry, Springer, (2009).
2. Antropov, Theoretical Electrochemistry, University Press of the Pacific, (2001).
31

3. Frost and Pearson, Kinetics and mechanism, Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd., (1963).
Page

4. Glasstone, Laidler and Eyring The Theory of Rate Processes, McGraw Hill, (1941).

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

5. Pilling, Reaction Kinetics, OUP Oxford, (1995).

6. P.W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, Eighth Edition, (2006).
7. Luis Arnaut, Sebastião J. Formosinho, Hugh Burrows, Chemical Kinetics - From Molecular Structure
to Chemical Reactivity, Elsevier Science (2006)

WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-we7yTR7exI
 https://nptel.ac.in/noc/courses/noc21/SEM1/noc21-cy17/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIVJ4JkqjaI

Table 8
Core Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
outcomes CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
CLO 2 CLO 4 CLO 5
1 3 6 7 8
Disciplinary
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Knowledge
Communication
☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Critical thinking ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related
☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑

Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑

Team work ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑
awareness
Multicultural
☑
competence
32
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
Paper IX - Elective Paper - I:
2021 -2022 III 21MCH33E 5
ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY
onwards

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Analyze the spectral regions in EMR. Know-how of vibrational frequencies.
CLO- 2 Outline instrumentation technique on IR and characteristic absorption frequencies of
functional groups.
CLO- 3 Correlate electronic structure with molecular structure. Interpret absorption of
chromophores in visible region.
CLO- 4 Apply Woodward-Fieser rules for calculating absorption maxima
CLO- 5 Utilize various techniques of NMR spectroscopy- Heteronuclear coupling, double
resonance.
CLO- 6 Perform NMR interpretation through numerical – solutions to problem-DEPT spectra
CLO- 7 Apply knowledge on Correlation NMR Spectroscopy – learning theoretical calculations.
UNIT – I (15 hrs)
Energy and electromagnetic spectrum: Units, Electromagnetic spectrum and absorption of
electromagnetic radiation.
Infrared Spectroscopy: The vibrating diatomic molecules – the simple harmonic oscillator – the
diatomic rotator – vibrations of polyatomic molecules – the influence of rotation on the spectrum of polyatomic
molecules – Molecular vibrations – calculation of vibrational frequencies - modes of vibrations- Factors
influencing vibrational frequencies – vibrational coupling, hydrogen bonding, electronic effects, bond angles and
field effects - Instrumentation- FT- IR spectrometer – Sampling techniques - Characteristic group absorptions of
organic molecules-identity by finger printing and identification of functional groups – Applications – medical
diagnosis(cancer).
UNIT –II (15 hrs)
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy: Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules – Laws of photometry –
Theory of electronic spectroscopy – Instrumentation and sample handling - Correlation of electronic structure with
molecular structure – Simple chromophoric groups – Solvent effects - Effects of conjugation – Woodward – Fieser
rules – Aromatic system and systems with extended conjugation – Applications.
UNIT – III (15 hrs)
1
H NMR Spectroscopy: The NMR phenomenon -Magnetic properties of nuclei – theory of nuclear
magnetic resonance – Chemical shift and its measurement – Instrumentation –CW and FT NMR spectrometer –
pulse techniques and Fourier transforms – Advantages of FT NMR - Factors influencing chemical shift –
electronegativity, Vander Waals deshielding and anisotropic effects - Chemical equivalence and magnetic
equivalence – Influence of restricted rotation - solvents used in NMR – Solvent shifts - Spin –Spin coupling –
Theory of spin-spin splitting – AX &, AX2 systems. More complex spin-spin splitting systems - AX3, A2X3 and
AMX systems. Proton exchange reactions – Factors influencing coupling constants - Heteronuclear coupling –
33

Deuterium exchange – Non-first order spectra – Simplification of complex proton NMR spectra – Increased field
strength, double resonances and chemical shift reagents – Applications.
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

UNIT – IV (15 hrs)

13
C NMR Spectroscopy: Magnetic moment and natural abundance- broad band decoupling-deuterium
coupling- NOE effect- Off-resonance decoupling- peak assignments using DEPT spectrum – structural applications
of 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Correlation NMR Spectroscopy- theory- 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY: HETCOR, Proton-detected
HETCOR: HMQC, Proton-Detected Long-Range 1H-13C Heteronuclear Correlation: HMBC, NOESY
UNIT – V (15 hrs)
Mass Spectrometry: Theory – Instrumentation – Isotopic abundance – Determination of molecular
weights and formulae, Ionisation techniques (CI, FD, FAB,ESI, MALDI-TOF) – Nitrogen rule – Metastable ions
and peaks – LCMS, HRMS -Ion fragmentation mechanisms – Retro Diels-Alder rearrangement – Mclafferty
rearrangement – Fragmentation associated with functional groups – alcohols, carbonyl compounds, amines, ether
and aromatic compounds, elimination due to ortho groups.
PRACTICALS: Data interpretation and structural characterisation from IR, UV, NMR &
Mass spectra of organic compounds.

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizzes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.
REFERENCES
1. R. S. Drago, Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., (2012).
2. William Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, McMillan, (2019).
3. Kalsi, Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., (2016).
4. Pavia and Lampman, Introduction to Spectroscopy, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., (2015).
5. Silverstein, Bassler and Morril, Spectrometric identification of Organic Compounds, Wiley, NY,
(1991).
6. Y. R. Sharma, Elementary Organic Absorption Spectroscopy, S.Chand, (2013).
7. Jag Mohan, Organic Spectroscopy - Principles and Applications, 2nd edition, Alpha Science (2004)
FURTHER READINGS:
1. Das and James, Mass Spectrometry, Oxford & IBH, (1976).
2. McLafferty, Interpretation of Mass Spectrometry, University Science Books, (1993)
34

3. Sheinmann, Introduction to Spectroscopic Methods, Pregamon Press, (1974).

Page

4. R. Chang, Basic Principles of Spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill Inc., US, (1971).

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

5. B. Stuart, Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd (2004)
6. Silverstein & Webster, Spectrometric identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley
& Sons, (2005).
7. Banwell, Fundamentals of Spectroscopy, McGraw Hill, (2017).
8. Lal Dhar Singh Yadav, Organic Spectroscopy, Springer (2013)
9. Jeffrey H. Simpson, Organic Structure Determination Using 2-D NMR Spectroscopy A Problem-
Based Approach, Elsevier Science (2012)
10. Tom Forrest, Jean-Pierre Rabine, Michel Rouillard, Organic Spectroscopy Workbook, Wiley (2011)
11. Atta-ur Rahman, Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary, Atia-tul- Wahab, Solving Problems with NMR
Spectroscopy, Elsevier Science (2015)

WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/spectroscopy-jay
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1153&v=bEzlTtaEfDU
Table 9
Skill based Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Disciplinary Knowledge ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑
Research- related skills ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Scientific reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Information/digital
☑ ☑ ☑
literacy
Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Cooperation/ Team work ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑ ☑
awareness
Self-directed learning ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ 35
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
Paper X - Elective Paper -2:
2021 -2022 III 21MCH34E 3
GREEN CHEMISTRY, NANO SCIENCE AND
onwards
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Outline the methodology of principles of green chemistry, use of greener solvents,
appreciate the utility of microwave and PTC
CLO- 2 Open up with new avenues of supramolecular chemistry, crown ethers, catenanes
CLO- 3 Predict the host –guest chemistry, solid state supramolecular chemistry. Zeolites, MOF
CLO- 4 Practice preparative procedures for nanomaterial synthesis.
CLO- 5 Use various characterization techniques in characterization of nanomaterials.
CLO- 6 Plan a research topic on the basis of literature survey. Review articles assessment.
CLO- 7 Write a scientific paper
UNIT – I (7hrs)
Green Chemistry Principles: Introduction - Definition, need of green chemistry, twelve basic principles
of green chemistry – Greener solvents – supercritical carbon dioxide – water as solvent -solvent free synthesis-
reactions in ionic-liquid, solid supported organic synthesis, phase transfer catalyst (PTC), use of microwaves and
sonication (any four specific reactions with mechanism).
UNIT – II (8 hrs)
Supramolecular Chemistry: Introduction – Selectivity – Lock and key principle and induced fit model –
Podand and Macrocycle – Preorganisation. Supramolecular interactions: Ion-Ion interactions, Ion-dipole
interactions, Dipole-dipole interactions, Hydrogen bonding, cation-- anion- interactions, - stacking,
Vanderwalls interactions. Solution Host–Guest Chemistry- Crown ether, Hydride sponge, Cyclodextrin – cation,
anoin and neutral molecule binding (introductory aspects). Supra molecular structures – mechanically interlocked
molecules - catenanes and rotaxanes. Solid state supramolecular chemistry – zeolite, clathrate, metal organic
frameworks (introductory aspects)
UNIT – III (8 hrs)
Nano Science: Introduction- definition-quantum confinement-classification of nano materials. Properties
and Size dependence of properties:- Chemical, Optical (Plasmon resonance), vibrational, thermal, Electrical,
Magnetic, Theoretical Aspects –Basics of density functional theory.

Growth Techniques of Nano materials: Bottom up and Top-down approaches- methods of preparation
of nano materials – plasma arching, chemical vapour deposition, electro spinning, electrodeposition, PLD, sol-gel
synthesis, ball-milling and Lithographic Techniques –Electron Beam.

UNIT –IV (7 hrs)

Chemical Synthesis of Nano materials: Chemical reduction (borohydride, citrate and polyol), high
36

temperature thermal decomposition, liquid-liquid interface reaction, solution state polymerization, Green synthesis.
Page

Characterization Tools of Nano materials: Instrumentation, principle , applications and limitations of

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

powder XRD, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM- EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic
Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) and Scanning Transmission Electron
Microscopy (STEM)

Applications of Nano materials: In catalysis, environmental and biomedical (drug delivery) applications.
Nano materials-Toxic effects -environmental hazards

Wealth out of waste (WTW)

UNIT – V (15 hrs)

Research Methodology: Problem selection- literature survey-primary sources-journals, patents, journals
of different fields of chemistry (organic, inorganic, physical, polymer, analytical and nano) - secondary sources-
books, indexes, chemical abstracts, review articles - literature searching online.
Writing a project report: Style and conventions – title, abstract, introduction, review of literature,
experiments, results and discussion, foot notes, figures, presenting data, tables, summary and bibliography.
Scientific paper writing: Definition of Scientific writing, title, abstract, introduction, materials and methods
(experiments), results, discussion, conclusions, acknowledgments, literature cited (References), keywords for
indexing, publication ethics-plagiarism.
Citation index: SCI, WOS, Scopus, impact factor, h-index, i10 index. IPR.

PRACTICALS: Phase transfer catalysis- rate, order determination.

Nanomaterial synthesis- hydrothermal processes.

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.

REFERENCES
1. M. Wilson, K.Kannangara, G. Smith, M. Simmons and B. Ragase, Nanotechnology (2005).
2. G. Timp, Nanotechnology, Springer, (2012).
3. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, (2007).
4. J. Anderson, Thesis and Assignment Writing, John Wiley & Sons, (1971).
5. N. Gurumani, Scientific Thesis Writing and Paper Presentation, MJP Publishers (2010).
37

6. V.K.Ahluwalia, Green Chemistry, ANE Books India, (2006).

Page

7. S. Delvin, Green Chemistry, Sarup & Sons, (2005).

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

8. R. Sanghi and M.M. Srivastva, Green Chemistry, Narora Publishing House, (2003).
9. Jean-Marie Lehn- Supramolecular Chemistry, RCS pubs., 2005
10. Jonathan Steed, David Turner, Carl Wallace, Core concepts in Supramolecular
Chemistry and nanochemistry, John Wiley & sons, 2007.
11. Katsuhiko Ariga · Toyoki Kunitake, Supramolecular chemistry –Fundamentals and
applications advanced textbook Springer-Verlag, 2000.
12. Nanochemistry, G.B. Sergeyev, Elsevier, 2007.

FURTHER READINGS:
1. R. Booker and E. Boysen, Nanotechnology (2007).
2. J. Ying, Nanostructured Materials, Elsevier, (2001).
3. A.S. Matlack, Introduction to Green Chemistry (2001).
4. Pradeep. T, Nano-The Essentials (2008).
5. M.M. Srivastva and R. Sanghi, Chemistry for Green Environment, Narora Publishing House, (2005).
6. P.T. Anastas and J. C. Warner, Green Chemistry, Second Edition (1998)..
7. C. R. Kothari, Research methodology, New Age Int. Publishers, (2019).
8. Chattopadhyay, Chattopadhyay K.K., Banerjee A.N, Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
(2009).
9. G. A. Ozin and A. C. Arsenault, “Nanochemistry: A chemical Approach to
nanomaterials” RSC Publishing, 2005
10. Jonathan Steed and Jerry Atwood - Supramolecular Chemistry
11. Jacob Israelachvili - Intermolecular and Surface Forces
12. C. P. Poole Jr., F.J. Owens, Introduction to Nanotechnology, Wiley-Interscience, (2003).
13. T. Pradeep, Nano: The essentials, McGraw Hill Publishers, 2007.

WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2pN3l2BGc4
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_BA7kymfg4
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/118/102/118102003/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/121/106/121106007/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yzfl3rtF0SM
38

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-emrdVazBN8
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Table 10
Skill based Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Disciplinary Knowledge ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related skills ☑ ☑ ☑
Scientific reasoning ☑ ☑
Information/digital
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
literacy
Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Cooperation/ Team work ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
awareness
Self-directed learning ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑

39
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
2021 -2022 IV 21MCH41C Paper XI - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – IV: 5
onwards Chemistry of Natural Products
After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to
CLO- 1 Demonstrate the classification of terpenoids. Compile isoprene rules.
CLO- 2 Establish the structure of natural products. Hint on the biosynthesis of terpenoids.
CLO- 3 Elucidate certain type of steroids as well as biosynthesis of steroids.
CLO- 4 Determine the structure of alkaloids and synthetic route for preparation of alkaloids.
CLO- 5 Recreate the types of peptide linkage. Primary structures of peptides.
CLO- 6 Revise the primary and secondary structures of proteins. Assess the structure of DNA. Learn the
basic of hormones and enzymatic nomenclature
CLO- 7 Examine the synthesis and reactions of purines and structural elucidation.
CLO- 8 Evaluate the need for antibiotics with structural elucidation.
UNIT – I (15 hrs)
Terpenoids: Isolation and classification –isoprene & special isoprene rules, methods of structural
elucidation and synthesis as applied to zingiberine, β-eudesmol, Caryophyllene, Santonin and abietic acid –
Biosynthesis of terpenoids.
UNIT – II (15 hrs)
Steroids: Types and definition - structural elucidation of cholesterol (synthesis not necessary), ergosterol,
vitamin–D, oestrone, Equilenin, Progesterone, Androsterone and Testosterone– Biosynthesis of steroids – Bile
acids.
UNIT – III (15 hrs)
Alkaloids: General methods for determining structure - structural elucidation, synthesis and biosynthesis
of the following alkaloids: Reticuline, Glaucine, Morphine, Quinine, Narcotine, Reserpine, Acronycine and
Tylophorine.
UNIT – IV (15 hrs)
Peptides: The peptide linkage, Primary structure of peptides – C-terminal & N-terminal amino-acid
determinations-partial hydrolysis of peptides-protein subunits, cyclic structures and disulphide bonds- summary of
primary structure determination-solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Proteins: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary structures of proteins. Structure of DNA and RNA and their
biological importance- biosynthesis of proteins.
Harmones: Structure and functions of Thyroxine, Oxytocin, Insulin and TRH (synthesis not required)
Enzymes:Nomenclature and classification – Cofactors-Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) -
Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)-Adenosine triphosphate- specificity of enzyme action-
mechanism of enzyme action-enzyme inhibitors.
UNIT – V (15 hrs)
Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis and reactions of purines – (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines
40

(barbituric acid, uracil, thymine and cytosine) anthocyanine and flavones (cyanidine chloride, flavone, quercetin).
Page

Anti-biotics – Structural elucidation, synthesis and applications of penicillins and chloramphenicol.

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

PRACTICALS: Isolation and characterisation of a few natural products.

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.

REFERENCES
1. I.L. Finar, Organic Chemistry (Vol. II), Pearson Education India, (2002).
2. O.P. Agarwal, Natural Products, Krishan Prakashan, (2014)
3. Chatwal, The Chemistry of Organic Natural Products (Vol. I & II), Himalaya Publishing House,
(2010).
4. Fieser and Fieser, Steroids, Springer, (1948).
5. Shoppe, The Chemistry of Steroids, Butterworth, (1964).
6. Joule and Smith, Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3rd Edition, Springer, (1995).
7. Acheson, Introduction to Heterocyclic Chemistry, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., (2008).
8. Gilchrist, Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Prentice Hall, (1997).
9. Nakanishi, Natural Products Chemistry (Vol.I & II), Elsevier, (1974).
10. Bornfield, Biogenesis of Natural products, Elsevier, (1963).
FURTHER READINGS:
1. Bently, Alkaloids, Oxford University Press, NY, (1954).
2. Pelletier, Alkaloids, Wiley-Blackwell, (1985).
3. Swain, An Introduction to Alkaloids, Springer, (1978).
4. Pinder, Terpenes, Chapman & Hall, (1960)
5. De Mayo, Mono and Sesquiterpenoids (Vol. II), Interscience Publishers, (1959).
6. De Mayo, Higher Terpenoids (Vol. II), Interscience Publishers, (1966).
7. Newman, Terpenes and Terpenoids, Academic Press Inc. (1972).
8. Bulock, The Biosynthesis of Natural products, Wiley, (1979).
9. Harborne, The Flavanoids, Springer, (1975).
41
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://youtu.be/sdN9LgeKLAo

 https://youtu.be/diksW7rHXms

 https://youtu.be/AYB_E9gdzx0

 https://youtu.be/2DyeKE5q8Go

 https://youtu.be/pel8P2atSEg

Table 11
Core Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
outcomes CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Disciplinary
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Knowledge
Communication
☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Critical thinking ☑ ☑ ☑
Research- related
☑ ☑ ☑
skills
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑

Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑

Team work ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑ ☑
awareness
Multicultural
☑ ☑
competence
42
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
2021 -2022 IV 21MCH42E Paper XII - Elective Paper - 3: 5
onwards ANALYTICAL AND SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Summarize and use various thermal methods in analysis of samples. Outline the technical
methodology for sample testing using refractometry, turbidimetry and nephlometry
CLO- 2 Identify the types and use of fluorometers and phosphorometers.
CLO- 3 Compare and contrast the chromatographic techniques in chemical analysis. Analyze
sample with AAS and FES.
CLO- 4 Utilize the theoretical aspects on solid state materials- semiconductors and
superconductors. Adapt to characterization using XRD and electron diffraction.
CLO- 5 Analyze samples using Circular Dichroism and ORD and Cotton effects. Utilize
instrumentation techniques with ESCA, AES and UPS.
CLO- 6 Investigate mossbauer spectra.
CLO- 7 Discuss the principles of ESR. Predict the hyperfine splitting.
UNIT – I (15 hrs)
Thermal analysis: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) – principle, instrumentation and applications.
Refractometry- Refractometer theory – basic principle – Abbe Refractometer – Applications.
Turbidimetry and Nephelometry: Principle, Instrumentation and applications.
Molecular fluorescence and phosphorescence: Principle and theory – Fluorometers – Phosphorometers
– Instrumentation and applications.
UNIT II (15 hrs )
Chromatography: Principle, theory, instrumentation and applications in chemical analysis of the
following – column, paper, thin layer and ion-exchange – GC, GC-MS, GLC and HPLC. Purification of common
organic solvents.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy and Flame emission spectroscopy: Basic principle – Instrumentation
and applications. Comparison between AAS, AFS, ICP-OES and FES
UNIT III (15 hrs)
Metallic State: Free electron, band and zone theories-non-stoichiometry – point defects in solids-
Schottky and Frenkel defects* – linear effects – dislocation – effects due to dislocation – electrical properties of
solids – insulators – intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (n & p type) and super conductors, ceramics
(elementary treatment)
Chemical Crystallography: Diffraction methods – X-ray, neutron and electron Diffraction – Structure of
NaCl, KCl and CsCl – Determination of lattice type and unit Cell dimensions – Power Camera – indexing the
powder pattern – An elementary discussion of structural factors and scattering factor – Structures of Rutile,
43

Fluorite, Antifluorite, zinc blende, Wurtzite, Diamond and Graphite.

Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

UNIT IV (15 hrs)

Polarimetry: Circular Dichroism and Optical rotatory dispersion –Basic principles of ORD and CD –
Cotton effects – Octant rule – axial halo ketone rules - applications of ORD and CD
Photoelectron Spectroscopy: ESCA (XPS): principle, chemical shifts-description of ESCA spectrometer,
X-ray sources, samples, analysis, detectors and recording devices –applications. Auger electron spectroscopy
(AES) and UV photo electron spectroscopy (UPS) – principle, applications and instrumentation.
UNIT V (15 hrs)
Mossbauer Spectroscopy: Principles – Spectrometer – Isomer shift – Quadruple interaction – Nuclear
Zeeman Splitting – Applications
ESR Spectroscopy: Theory – Derivative curves – ‘g’ shift – hyperfine splitting – Isotropic and anisotropic
systems – Zero field splitting and Kramer degeneracy – Identification of free radicals – Applications.
PRACTICALS: Interpretation of TG/DTA
Chromatographic techniques – TLC, Paper

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models and Brain storming activity.
 Visiting Central Instrumentation Laboratories and Hands-on training.
REFERENCES
1. Straughan and Walker, Spectroscopy, Springer, (1976).
2. R.S. Drago, Physical methods in Inorganic Chemistry, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., (2012).
3. I.L. Finar, Organic Chemistry (Vol. II), Pearson Education India, (2002).
4. Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon compounds, McGraw Hill Education, (2001).
5. Skoog, West and Holler, Analytical Chemistry, Cengage Learning EMEA, (2003).
6. H.H. Willard, L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean and F. A. Settle, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, CBS ,
(1986).
FURTHER READINGS:
1. Djerassi, Optical Rotatory Dispersion, Wiley, (1962).
2. Ewing, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, McGraw Hill Higher Education, (1985).
3. Ghosh, Introduction to Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Wiley-Blackwell, (1983).
44

4. Chatwal, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Himalaya Publishing House, (2016).

Page

5. B.K. Sharma, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Krishnan Prakashan Media Ltd., (2014).
P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

6. Kenner, Analytical Separations and Determinations, Collier McMillan Ltd., (1971).

7. Sharma, Chromatography, Krishan Prakashan, (2014).
8. Arora, Solid State Chemistry, Anmol Publisher, (2003).
9. Alberty and Silbey, Solid State Chemistry, Wiley, (2004).
WEBSITE(S)
 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OypCNBPmGBY
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3F0OSOchloMSc CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS-2021-2023 92
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMtmSz_9umk
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryo8Kd2Wgks
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FczhvJrYNE
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgA3-UnpSuI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zimhww51WI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7zsL9yFOsg
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a81cDH26f7A
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r55anTcoWvE
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3AHbeZhKhU
Table 12
Skill based Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Disciplinary Knowledge ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Analytical reasoning ☑ ☑
Research- related skills ☑ ☑ ☑
Scientific reasoning ☑ ☑ ☑
Information/digital
☑ ☑ ☑
literacy
Problem solving ☑ ☑
Cooperation/ Team work ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑ ☑
45

awareness
Self-directed learning ☑ ☑ ☑
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Code Title of the paper Hours/

Week
2021 -2022 IV 21MCH43E Paper XIII - Elective Paper - 4: 5
onwards APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY
After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to
CLO- 1 Develop to interpret voltammograms obtained from various electroanalytical techniques.
CLO- 2 Extrapolate the electrochemical reactions in electrosynthesis of valuable chemicals
CLO- 3 Analyze the operations in electrometallurgical processes of refining fine chemicals.
Specific reference to Hall-Heroult process
CLO- 4 Evaluate the performance of electroplating technique as applied to fabrication process of
aluminum
CLO- 5 Carry out research on batteries- primary and secondary cells. Apply to rechargeable cells
with more specificity to nickel-cadmium cells.
CLO- 6 Work on Design of corrosion control technique, kinetics of corrosion and oxidation of
metals.
CLO- 7 Practice on evaluation of corrosion control and corrosion inhibitors and related processes.
UNIT – I (15 hrs )
Electroanalytical techniques: Current–voltage relationships – mass transfer – diffusion limited currents –
kinetic currents – adsorption currents – Polarography – DC and pulse polarographic methods – Cyclic voltametry –
Rotating disc electrodes – Chronoamperometry – Chronopotentiometry – Chronocoulometry (Basic principles and
applications only in all the above methods)
UNIT – II (15 hrs )
Electrochemical cells: Components of electrochemical cells – Types of cells – divided and undivided
cells – Chlor-alkali cells mercury, diaphragm and membrane cells – electro-inorganic chemicals – Chlorates,
perchlorates – electrosynthesis of fluorine – electro-organic chemicals – electro-reduction of nitro and carbonyl
groups – Kolbe electrolysis – electrodimerisation – adiponitrile.
UNIT – III (15 hrs )
Electrometallurgy and Electroplating: Electro winning and electro refining of Cu and Ni, production of
aluminium – Hall-Heroult process – Electrolytic production of magnesium and sodium – Electroplating operations
– Preplating operations – electroplating of Nickel and Chromium – precious metal plating (Ag, Au & Pt)–
anodizing of Al.
UNIT – IV (15 hrs )
Batteries: Thermodynamics of batteries and fuel cells – half cell reactions in batteries – characteristic
requirements of a battery system – components of batteries – porous electrodes – separators –evaluation of
batteries – charge – discharge characteristics – primary batteries, lead acid batteries – Leclanche cells - lithium
cells – Ni-Cd cells – High temperature batteries – sodium-sulphur system.
46

UNIT –V (15 hrs )

Corrosion and its Control: Thermodynamics of corrosion – Pourbaix diagrams – kinetics of corrosion –
Page

evans diagram – corrosion current and corrosion potential – Metal oxidation – atmospheric corrosion – crevice
P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

corrosion – bimetallic corrosion – stress corrosion – cracking – corrosion control and corrosion inhibitors –
painting for corrosion control – cathodic protection – protection by sacrificial anodes.
PRACTICALS: Conductometric experiments.
Determination of single electrode potentials.

PEDAGOGY STRATEGIES
 Chalk and Talk Lecture
 Power point Presentation with Animation
 Group Discussions
 e-Content
 Seminar
 Quizes
 Assignments
 Virtual Classroom
 Create models
REFERENCES
1. Bard and Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, Wiley, (2001).
2. Pletcher, Industrial Electrochemistry, Springer, (1990).
3. Baizer, Organic Electrochemistry, M.Dekker, (1993).
4. Vincent et al., Modern batteries – Introduction to Electrochemical Power Sources, Butterworth-
Heinemann; 2nd edition (1997)
FURTHER READINGS:
1. Lowenheim, Modern Electroplating, John Wiley & Sons, (2014).
2. Bode, Lead Acid Batteries, John Wiley & Sons, (1743).
3. Bockris and Reddy, Modern Electrochemistry, Plenum publishing, (Vol. II) (2008).
4. Narayanan, Introduction to Metallic Corrosion, Oxford & IBH, (1983).
5. Fontana, Corrosion Engineering, McGraw Hill Education, (2017).
6. Banerjee, Introduction to the Science of Corrosion and its Inhibition, Oxonian Press, (1985).
WEBSITE(S)

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5JcWEd4Mws
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrdeauk2QUI&t=233s
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EWiEENa4Gs
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKVXo4rgLIc

47

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0G_aqTI9Oos
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0P61i7jBitE
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_rI9rNVgR8
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHgPBMMZ26w
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/103/108/103108162/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/113/108/113108051/

Table 13
Skill based Course Level Outcomes (CLOs)
Programme Level
CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO CLO
outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Disciplinary Knowledge ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
Analytical reasoning ☑
Research- related skills ☑ ☑ ☑
Scientific reasoning ☑ ☑
Information/digital
☑ ☑ ☑ ☑
literacy
Problem solving ☑ ☑ ☑
Moral and ethical
☑ ☑ ☑
awareness
Self-directed learning ☑ ☑ ☑

48
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

PRACTICALS

For each of the papers:

Total Marks =100 (Internal = 50 & External = 50)

Distribution of internal Marks:

Continuous assessment (for minimum of ten experiments) = 30
Model examination = 05
Record = 15

Distribution of External Marks:

Total = 50 (Record: 05 & Experiment(s): 45)

49
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P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Subject Title Hours/

Code Week
2021 -2022 I & II 21MCH24P Practical I : INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I 5
onwards

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Acquire knowledge about the separation and analysis of mixtures of rare and common
cations.
CLO- 2 Apply the method of preparation of complexes.
CLO- 3 Examine the estimation of metal ions using colorimetry.
CLO- 4 Work on methods which are helpful in metal industries.

Qualitative analysis, employing semimicro methods and spot tests of mixtures of common cations and ions of
the following less familiar elements.

Thallium, Tungsten, Selenium, Tellurium, Molybdenum, Cerium, Thorium, Titanium, Zirconium,

Vanadium, Beryllium, Uranium and Lithium.

About ten preparations involving different techniques selected from the following:

Lead tetra acetate, dipyridinium hexachloroplumbate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ortho-and para-

hydroxy phenyl mercuric chloride, potassium cupric chloride, chrome alum, copper(I) chloride, trithio urea
copper(I), potassium trioxalato-aluminato(III), potassium trioxalato chromate(III), potassium trioxalato
ferrate(III), hexamine cobalt(III) chloride, chloro pentammine chromium(III), chloro aquo pentammine
chromium(III) nitrate, tetrammine copper(II) sulphate, ammonium hexachloro stanate(IV).

Note: A minimum of five inorganic mixtures, each of two common and two rare elements should be analysed by a
student. A minimum of five preparations should be done by a student.

Colorimetric estimations (using Nessler technique and colorimeters) of copper, iron, nickel, manganese and
chromium.

Distribution of Marks: Total = 50 (Record:05 & Experiment(s): 45)

Qualitative analysis = 25 (Familiar: 5+5 & less familiar: 7.5 + 7.5)

Preparation = 10
Colorimetric estimation = 10

REFRERENCES:

1. V. V. Ramanujam, Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis.

2. J. Bassart, R. C. Denny, G.H. Jeffery Vogel and Mendham, Text book of Qualitative Inorganic
Analysis, ELBS & Longman.
50

3. V. Venkateswaran, R. Veeraswamy and A. R.. Kulandaivelu, Principles of Practical chemistry, Sultan

Chand & Sons.
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Subject Title Hours/

Code Week
2021 -2022 I & II 21MCH25P 5
onwards Practical II : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Perform the separation techniques and systematic analysis of organic mixtures
CLO- 2 Distinguish between aromatic-aliphatic, saturated-unsaturated compounds and to find
out elements present and functional groups.
CLO- 3 Develop skill for the preparation and recrystallization of organic compounds involving
single stage comprising of the following reactions: hydrolysis, acetylation,
bromination, nitration, benzoylation and oxidation
Analysis of two component mixtures - Separation and characterization of compounds.
About ten preparations involving single stage comprising of the following processes: nitration, acylation,
halogenation, diazotisation, rearrangement, hydrolysis, reduction, alkylation and oxidation and
preparations illustrating the following: Benzoin condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Perkin reaction,
Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Sandmeyer reaction, Fries rearrangement, Skraup synthesis – (recrystallisation
of product, melting point determination and calculation of percentage yield)
Note: A minimum of six organic mixtures should be analysed by each student. A minimum of five
preparations should be done by each student
Distribution of Marks: Total = 50 (Record: 05 & Experiment(s): 45)
Qualitative analysis = 35
Pilot separation-5, Two components: 2×15 = 30
(Special elements: 3 × 1 = 3
Aromatic/Aliphatic: 2
Saturated/Unsaturated: 2
Functional group: 5
Derivative: 3
Preparation = 10
(Crude:07, Recrystallisation:03)

REFERENCES:
1. N. S.Gnanapragasam and G. Ramamurthy, Organic Chemistry Lab Manual, S. Viswanathan (printers
& Publishers) Pvt. Ltd. (2010)
2. Vogel's. Textbook of. Practical. Organic. Chemistry. Fifth edition. |. B. S. Furniss • A. J. hannaford
• P. W. G. Smith • A. R. Tatchell.
51
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P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Subject Title Hours/

Code Week
2021 -2022 I & II 21MCH26P 5
onwards Practical III : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – I

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Find out molecular weight by Rast method and Beckmann method microlevel.
CLO- 2 Determine the emf, standard potential, solubility product, pH and pKa values.
CLO- 3 Recognize the thermal analysis of binary system and 3 component system.
Thermodynamics:
a. Heat of solution from solubility
b. Heat of solution by calorimetry
Molecular weight determination by
i. Freezing point depression of solvents (benzene and water) by Beckmann method.
ii. By Rast micro methods
Distribution of activity and activity co-efficient by freezing point method.
Distribution co-efficient and determination of equilibrium constant.
Properties of matter
Variation of viscosity of liquids with temperature.
Determination of refractive index (Unknown composition of a mixture of liquids).
Heterogeneous equilibria
Thermal analysis of binary systems forming compounds with congruent melting points.
Three component systems (chloroform-acetic acid-water).
Electromotive force
Determination of standard potentials (Cu, Zn, Ag)
Evaluation of thermodynamic quantities from e. m. f. data (Daniel cell).
Determination of pH and pKa values using hydrogen and quinhydrone electrodes and glass electrode (pH
meter), potentiometric acid-base titrations.
Determination of formal redox potential of a redox system, redox titrations.
Determination of instability constant (of silver ammonia complex) and its dependence on temperature.
Determination of solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt (concentration cell and chemical cell).
Determination of activity co-efficient from emf. data.
Precipitation titration of a mixture of halides.
52

Distribution of Marks:
Total = 50 (Record:05 & Experiment(s): 45)
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

REFERENCES:
1. Yadav, Practical Physical Chemistry
2. S.R. Palit and S. k. de, Practical Physical Chemistry, Science Book Agency, Calcutta
3. V. Venkateswaran, and A. R.. Kulandaivelu, Practical Physical Chemistry, Sultan Chand and & Sons

53
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Subject Title Hours/

Code Week
2021 -2022 III & IV 21MCH44P 4
onwards Practical IV: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Acquire knowledge about industrial analysis of brass, bronze, stainless steel, cement
and glass and determination of hardness of water.
CLO- 2 Investigate the the preparation of complexes.
CLO- 3 Estimate the metal ions using Volumetric and Gravimetric estimations.

Industrial analysis: a. Analysis of two of the following alloys – brass, bronze, stainless steel, solder type
metal. B. Analysis of any one of the following – cement, dolomite, glass.
Titrimetry: Oxidation using ceric and vanadium salts: Complexometric titrations involving estimation of calcium,
magnesium, nickel, zinc and Hardness of water.
Chromatography: Column, Paper, Thin layer and Ion exchange.
Titrations in non-aqueous solvents.
Preparation, analysis and study of the properties of co-ordination complexes.
Note: Quantitative analysis (involving Volumetric and Gravimetric estimations) of at least five mixtures of cations
should be done by a student. The volumetric procedure may also include EDTA titration for estimation of
mixtures of cations.

Distribution of Marks: Total = 50 (Record:05 & Experiment(s): 45)

Volumetric analysis = 22.5
Gravimetric analysis = 22.5

<2% = 22.5 marks

2 – 3% = 20 marks (less 0.5 mark for each 0.2 % error)
3 – 4% = 15 marks (less 1 mark for each 0.2% error)
>4% = 10 marks

54
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P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Subject Title Hours/

Code Week
2021 -2022 III & IV 21MCH45P 4
onwards Practical V: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Apply analytical techniques for the estimation of phenol, aniline, glucose and methyl
ketone
CLO- 2 Analysis of oils (Meisel value, Iodine value and Saponification value) and extraction and
Estimation of active constituents like lactose from milk etc.
CLO- 3 Develops skill for the preparation of organic compounds involving double stage.
Estimation of Phenol, Methyl ketone, Glucose, and Amino groups.
Analysis of oils (Reichart – Meisel value, Iodine value, Saponification value and acetyl value).
Extraction and estimation of active constituents:
a. Lactose from milk b. Caffeine from tea c. Nicotine from tobacco extract d. Citric acid or ascorbic
acid from a tablet or from a natural source.
About five two-stage preparations from literature – (recrystallisation of product, melting point
determination, TLC and calculation of percentage yield, Characterisation using IR spectra).
Purification of organic solvents using distillation (any two).

Distribution of Marks: Total = 50 (Record:05 & Experiment(s): 45)

Volumetric estimation = 30
<2% = 30 marks
2 – 3% = 25 marks (less 1 mark for each 0.2 % error)
3 – 4% = 15 marks (less 1 mark for each 0.1% error)
>4% = 10 marks

Preparation = 15
Stage I: Recrystallisation = 3 marks
Stage II: Crude = 9 marks, Recrystallisation = 3 marks
REFERENCES:
1. N. S.Gnanapragasam and G. Ramamurthy, Organic Chemistry Lab Manual, S. Viswanathan (printers
& Publishers) Pvt. Ltd. (2010)
2. Vogel's. Textbook of. Practical. Organic. Chemistry. Fifth edition. |. B. S. Furniss, A. J. Hannaford
P. W. G. Smith, A. R. Tatchell.
55
Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Subject Title Hours/

Code Week
2021 -2022 III & IV 21MCH46P 4
onwards Practical VI: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – II

After completion of this course successfully, the students will be able to

CLO- 1 Application of conductance to find out equivalent conductance and verify Debye –
Huckel Onsagar law, pKa value and acid-base titrations.
CLO- 2 Develope skill to evaluate Arrhenius parameters using acid hydrolysis of an ester and
kinetics of persulphate-iodide reaction.
CLO- 3 Develope skill to prove Freundlich isotherm using adsorption studies.
Conductivity experiments:
Determination of i) Equivalent conductance of a strong electrolyte and the verification of Debye-Huckel
Onsagar law. ii) Verification of Ostwald dilution law and Kohlrausch’s law for weak electrolytes.
Conductometric determination of pKa of a weak acid.
Hydrolysis constant of aniline hydrochloride.
Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt.
Conductometric titrations: Acid-base and precipitation titrations (including mixture of halides).
Colorimetric estimation using Beer-Lambert law (copper, nickel).
Dropping mercury cathodes – half-wave potentials and estimations by differential method of cadmium,
copper, zinc and lead.
Chemical kinetics:
i. Evaluation of Arrhenius parameters using acid hydrolysis of an ester.
ii. Base catalysed hydrolysis of an ester conductometrically.
Rate of reaction between persulphate and iodide ions study of salt effects over the S2O8 – KI reaction.
Study of rate of polymerization of monomer solutions by viscosity.
Evaluation of i) Catalytic constant of a strong acid for the iodination of acetone or hydrolysis of an ester.
ii) Catalytic constants for weak acids and verification of Bronsted catalysis law.
Adsorption experiments: Adsorption of oxalic, acetic, formic acids on activated charcoal – Freundlich
isotherm – surface area determination.
Distribution of Marks:
Total = 50 (Record:05 & Experiment(s): 45)
REFERENCES:
1. Yadav, Practical Physical Chemistry
2. S.R. Palit and S. k. de, Practical Physical Chemistry, Science Book Agency, Calcutta
56

3. V. Venkateswaran, and A. R.. Kulandaivelu, Practical Physical Chemistry, Sultan Chand & Sons.
Page

******
P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

Year Sem. Subject Subject Title Hours/

Code Week
2021 -2022 IV 21MCH47V 3
onwards PROJECT AND VIVA VOCE

PROJECT:
Total Marks = 100 (Internal = 50 & External = 50)
Internal Marks, 50, to be awarded by the concerned Guide

Distribution of External Marks:

Viva-voce Examination = 20 & Project Report = 30
(Jointly by both Internal & External examiners)

57
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P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

7. Teaching Learning Methodologies

The learning outcomes based course curriculum framework of Chemistry is designed to
persuade the subject specific knowledge as well as relevant understanding of the course. The
academic and professional skills required for Chemistry-based professions and jobs are also
offered by same course in an extraordinary way. In addition, the learning experiences gained from
this course should be designed and implemented for cognitive development in every student. The
practical associated with this course helps to develop an important aspect of the teaching-learning
process. Various types of teaching and learning processes will need to be adopted to achieve the
same. The important relevant teaching and learning processes involved in this course are;
a. Class lectures
a. Seminars
b. Tutorials
c. Group discussions and Workshops
d. Peer teaching and learning
e. Question preparation
f. Subjective type
g. Long answer
h. Short answer
i. Objective type
 Multiple choice questions
 One answer/two answer type questions
 Assertion and reasoning
j. Practicum, and project-based learning
k. Field-based learning
l. Substantial laboratory-based practical component and experiments
m. Open-ended project work,
n. Games
o. Technology-enabled learning
58

p. Internship in industry, and research establishments.

Page

The effective teaching strategies will also need to be adopted to develop problem-solving skills,

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

higher-order skills of reasoning and analysis. The designed course also encourages fostering the
social values/responsibility for maintaining and protecting the surrounding environment for improved
living conditions. A learner centric and active participatory pedagogy shall be introduced in this
framework.

59
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P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

8. Assessment Methods
Academic performance in various courses i.e. core, discipline electives, generic electives and
skill enhancement courses are to be considered as parameters for assessing the achievement of
students in Chemistry. A number of appropriate assessment methods of Chemistry will be used to
determine the extent to which students demonstrate desired learning outcomes. Following
assessment methodology should be adopted;

The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests),

Closed-book and open-book tests,

Problem-solving exercises,

Practical assignments and laboratory reports,

Observation of practical skills,

Individual and group project reports,

Efficient delivery using seminar presentations,

Viva voce interviews are majorly adopted assessment methods for this curricullum.

The computerized adaptive testing, literature surveys and evaluations, peers and self-
assessment, outputs form individual and collaborator.

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P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

II M. Sc CHEMISTRY – MODEL QUESTION PAPER

PAPER X : Elective Paper 2- Green Chemistry, Nano Science and Research Methodology
Subject code: 21MCH34E Max marks: 50
Time: 2Hrs
PART – A (5 x 1 = 5)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS

I.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Identify the green chemistry principle using solar power

a. Atom economy b. Design of energy efficiency c. Design benign chemicals
d. Less hazardous synthesis
2. Choose the one which is related to green chemistry synthesis
a. High-temperature b. Dichloromethane c. Fossil fuels d. Microwave
3. Recall the length scale used in nanotechnology
a. Size of the order of 10 -7m b. Size of the order of 10 -7m
c. Size of the order of 10 -7m d. Size of the order of 10 -7m
4. Recognize the property of Single Walled Carbon Nano Tubes (SWCNT)
a. excellent conductors b. Poor conductor
c. Poor conductor than MWCNT d. none
5.Select the one to be avoided in a technical report
a. Facts b. Logical conclusion c. Objective evaluation d. Subjective evaluation

II.VERY SHORT ANSWERS (3x2 = 6)

(Short answers not exceeding 25 words each)
6. Indicate any four advantages of microwaves in green chemistry.
7. Summarize ionic liquids.
8. Define quantum dots.
9. List out any four applications of nano materials in environmental applications.
10. Give name of any four journals in chemistry.
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Page

P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.
 M.Sc. Chemistry

PART B (5X 3 =15)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS
Short answers not exceeding 100 words each

11. Write note on planning a green synthesis in a chemical laboratory?

12. Explain solventless reaction with suitable examples.
13. Discuss the applications of nano materials in drug delivery.
14. Describe the principle and instrumentation of Scanning Electron Microscope.
15. What are secondary sources in literature survey?

PART C (3 X 8 = 24)
Answer any three questions not exceeding 750 words

16. Analyze twelve basic principles of green chemistry.

17. Explain the term ‘Sonication’. Write any three specific reactions with its mechanism.
18. Discuss the principle, instrumentation and applications of Atomic Force Microscopy.
19. Examine the applications of ESCA to nano material characterization.
20. Prepare a report on primary sources of literature survey.

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P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous),

Coimbatore – 641 018.