Guideline

e-Con Number

PHR-ICM-DTL-105253
Piping and Instrument Diagrams, Process Flow
Diagrams, and Material Flow Diagrams

Operating Environment: Onshore

Intended for internal use PHR or other area as per guidance or permit

This document is the confidential property of PHR

Rev Date Description Developed Reviewed Approved

0 Sep 21 Issued For Implementation Team Rio Sirait Erwin Sianturi
Summary of Changes
Rev. xx Rev. xx Description Type of Change

Reviewer Team:
- Hasballah Ahba
- Prince Sugi Hartono
- Zuam El Bachron Achmad
- Arif Mahmudhi
- Andi Saputra
Piping and Instrument Diagrams, Process Flow Diagrams, and Material Flow Diagrams PHR-ICM-DTL-105253

Contents
1.0 Scope ................................................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 References ........................................................................................................................................ 1
2.1 Owner Documents ................................................................................................................. 1
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards ............................................................................................... 2
2.3 Government Regulations ....................................................................................................... 3
2.4 Conflict Resolution ................................................................................................................. 3
3.0 Terminology ..................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Acronyms ............................................................................................................................... 3
3.2 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 5
4.0 Requirements.................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 General................................................................................................................................. 10
4.2 Layout Format ...................................................................................................................... 11
4.3 Symbol Format ..................................................................................................................... 13
4.4 Line Format .......................................................................................................................... 13
4.5 Text Format .......................................................................................................................... 14
5.0 Equipment Requirements ................................................................................................................. 16
5.1 Equipment Symbols ............................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Nozzles ................................................................................................................................. 17
5.3 Agitators............................................................................................................................... 17
5.4 Blowers ................................................................................................................................ 17
5.5 Compressors ........................................................................................................................ 17
5.6 Drivers .................................................................................................................................. 17
5.7 Heat Exchangers .................................................................................................................. 17
5.8 Furnaces ............................................................................................................................... 18
5.9 Pumps .................................................................................................................................. 18
5.10 Packaged or Skid-Mounted Equipment ............................................................................... 18
5.11 Vessels ................................................................................................................................. 18
5.12 Tanks .................................................................................................................................... 18
5.13 Classification of Equipment ................................................................................................. 19
5.14 Equipment Data ................................................................................................................... 20
6.0 Piping Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 21

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6.1 Line Data Identification ........................................................................................................ 21

6.2 Line Service Codes ............................................................................................................... 22
6.3 Piping Line Symbols ............................................................................................................. 22
6.4 Valve Symbols ...................................................................................................................... 23
6.5 Piping Specialty Items .......................................................................................................... 23
6.6 Piping Fittings ....................................................................................................................... 24
6.7 Connectors and Tie-In Symbols ........................................................................................... 24
6.8 Notes .................................................................................................................................... 24
7.0 Instrumentation and Controls .......................................................................................................... 24
7.1 Symbols................................................................................................................................... 24
7.2 Measurements ....................................................................................................................... 25
7.3 Valves ...................................................................................................................................... 28
8.0 Appendices Summary ....................................................................................................................... 37
Appendix A Tables and Symbols .................................................................................................................... 38
Appendix B Intelligent P&ID Minimum Data Attributes and Key Deliverables ........................................... 39
Appendix C Example P&IDs ......................................................................................................................... 44
Appendix D Preparation of Process Flow Diagrams and Material Flow Diagrams ..................................... 46
D.1 Drawing Requirements ................................................................................................... 46

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1.0 Scope
1. This specification covers the drawing requirements for the following:
a. Piping and instrument diagrams (P&IDs).
b. Process flow diagrams (PFDs). Requirements defined for PFDs shall also apply to
utility flow diagrams (UFD).
c. Material flow diagrams (MFDs), which are also known as material selection
diagram (MSDs).
d. Utility flow diagrams (UFDs).
2. This specification applies to the generation of new P&IDs, PFDs, MFDs, MSDs, and
UFDs, as well as to drawings provided by packaged equipment Suppliers.
3. It is highly recommended that this specification be used in conjunction with PHR-ICM-SPC-
106033 for process automation tagging and PHR-QAM-SPC-106071 general tagging
philosophies.
4. For projects using SmartPlant® Instrumentation (SPI) software for instrumentation
design and database management, this specification should be used in conjunction
with PHR-ICM-DTL-105152.
5. This specification is not intended to be used for revisions to existing drawings.
However, when revising existing drawing sets, if more than 50 percent of the drawings
in the set will be affected, the entire set should be re-drawn to the new standard.
6. Only U.S. paper sizes and measurements are included in this document since
current templates use U.S. measurements / sizing.
7. This specification is based on PIP PIC001 and some content is reproduced and used
under PIP’s membership agreement.

2.0 References
a. The following documents are referenced herein and are considered part of this
specification.
b. Unless otherwise specified in Sections 2.1, 2.2, or 2.3, use the latest edition of the
referenced documents.
c. Owner specifications take precedence over industry standards.

2.1 Owner Documents

PHR-FPM-DTL-101516 Equipment Isolation and Depressurization Design
PHR-FRS-DTL-105057 Overpressure Protection
PHR-ICM-DTL-105088 Design of Alarm Systems
PHR-ICM-DTL-105152 SmartPlant Instrumentation Design
PHR-ICM-DTL-106003 Instrument Design Basis
PHR-ICM-DTL-106025 Safety Instrumented Systems
PHR-ICM-SPC-106033 Process Automation System Tagging
PHR-ICM GTB-10J15127A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Symbols &
Legends - Piping Standard Symbology and
General P&ID Items
PHR-ICM-GTB-10J15127B Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Symbols &
Legends - Standard Instrument Symbols
PHR-ICM-GTB-10J15127C Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Symbols & Legends
-Abbreviations and Instrument Symbols

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PHR-ICM-GTB-10J15127D Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Symbols &

Legends - Guidelines for P&ID Presentation of Level
Instrumentation
PHR-ICM-GTB-10J15127E Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Symbols &
Legends - Typical Instrument Details with Implied
Components
PHR-ICM-GTB-10J15127F Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Symbols &
Legends - Typical Electrical MCC Interface Details
with Implied Components
PHR-ICM-GTB-10J15127G Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Symbols &
Legends - Typical Pump Seal - Plan Details
PHR-ICM-GTB-10J15127J Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Symbols &
Legends - Typical Equipment Symbols
PHR-IRM-SPC-101381 Thermal Insulation for Hot Lines, Vessels, and Exchangers
PHR- IRM-SPC-102634 Thermal Insulation for Cold Lines, Vessels, and Exchangers
PHR-PIM-SPC-105112 Piping Material Line Classes
PHR-PIM-SPC-105113 LNG Piping Material Specifications for
Cryogenic and Cold Temperature Piping
Systems
PHR-PIM-DTL-105138 Piping Design
PHR-PIM-SPC-105300 Piping Service Classes and Materials Requirements
PHR-QAM-SPC-105227 Units of Measurement
PHR-QAM-SPC-106071 Tag Numbering

2.2 Industry Codes and Standards

a. American Petroleum Institute (API)
RP 14C Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design, Installation, and
Testing of Basic Surface Safety Systems for Offshore Production
Platforms

b. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

B31.3 Process Piping
PTC 19.3 Thermowells Performance Test Codes
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section VIII— Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
Fluid Control Institute (FCI)
70-2 Control Valve Seat Leakage

c. Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA)

5.1 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
84.00.01 Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the
Process Industry Sector

d. NACE International (NACE)

(formerly National Association of Corrosion Engineers) SP0407 Format, Content, and
Other Guidelines for Developing a Materials Selection Diagram

e. Process Industry Practices (PIP)

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PIP PIC001 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Documentation Criteria

2.3 Government Regulations

a. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Title 29 CFR Labor; Subtitle B  Regulations Relating to Labor; Chapter XVII 
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of
Labor; Part 1910  Occupational Safety and Health Standards;
Subpart H  Hazardous Materials; Section 1910.119  Process
Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals

2.4 Conflict Resolution

a. Supplier shall submit any conflicts among the inquiry documents in writing to Owner
for resolution.
b. In case of conflict, the following order of precedence shall govern:
a. Country, federal, and provincial statutes, regulations, and directives, as applicable.
b. This specification.
c. Other project specifications.
d. Other referenced and industry codes, standards, specifications, business unit
(BU) / facilities own specifications and recommended practices.

3.0 Terminology
3.1 Acronyms
AG Aboveground
AOA Alarm Objectives Analysis
BFD Block Flow Diagram
BPCS Basic Process Control System
CSC Car Seal Closed
CSO Car Seal Open
DCS Distributed Control System
DVC Digital Valve Positioner
DP Design Pressure
D/P Differential Pressure (also referred to as DP)
EFD Engineering Flow Diagram
ESD Emergency Shutdown
ESDV Emergency Shutdown Valve
ESS Emergency Shutdown System
F&G Fire and Gas
FC Fail Closed
FE Flow Element
FF Foundation Fieldbus
FI Fail Indeterminate
FL Fail Locked
FO Fail Open
F.O. First Out
H&MB Heat and Material Balance
HAZOP Hazard and Operability

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HLCS Higher Level Control System

HLL High Liquid Level
HMI Human-Machine Interface
HS Hand Switch
I/O Input/Output
I/P Current-to-Pneumatic
IPL Independent Protection Layer
LC Locked Closed
LI Level Indicator
LLL Low Liquid Level
LO Locked Open
LOPA Layers of Protection Analysis
LT Level Transmitter
MCC Motor Control Center
MDMT Minimum Design Metal Temperature
MFD Material Flow Diagram
NC Normally Closed
NDE Normally De-energized
NE Normally Energized
NLL Normal Liquid Level
P&ID Piping and Instrument Diagram
PCS Process Control System
PCV Pressure Control Valve
PES Programmable Electronic System
PFD Process Flow Diagram
PHA Process Hazard Analysis (HAZOP)
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PSE Pressure Safety Element
PST Partial Stroke Testing
PSV Pressure Safety Valve
PVSV Pressure-Vacuum Safety Valve
RO Restriction Orifice
SIL Safety Integrity Level
SIS Safety Instrumented System
SOA Safety Objective Analysis
SPI SmartPlant Instrumentation
SPPID SmartPlant P&ID
SSD Safety Shutdown
SSFA Safety System Function Analysis
TDH Total Differential Head
TE Thermal or Temperature Measuring Elements
TEMA Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association
TSO Tight Shutoff
UFD Utility Flow Diagram
UG Underground
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
WBS Work Breakdown Structure

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3.2 Definitions
Accessible Term applied to a device or function that can be used or seen
by an operator for the purpose of performing control actions
(e.g., setpoint changes, auto-manual transfer, or on/off
actions). (Reference ISA 5.1.)
Automated Valve Any valve with a locally or remotely controlled actuator. Examples
are throttling control valves and on/off block valves. Actuators are
typically air-operated (diaphragm or piston), electric or hydraulic,
some with a spring-return function. Manually-operated valves are
sometimes tagged as automated valves (e.g., if a manual valve is
fitted with position switches).
Auxiliary P&ID Used to show details to unclutter other P&IDs (e.g., lube oil
system, sample systems, instrument details, and soft
points).
Basic Process Control Control equipment and system installed to regulate normal
System (BPCS) production functions. It may contain combinations of single-loop
pneumatic controllers, single-loop electronic controllers,
programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and distributed control
systems (DCSs). The BPCS is required to operate the process.
Examples of control functions included in the BPCS are cascade
control, override control, and pump start/stop. Also known as
Basic Regulatory Controls. (See also higher level control system
[HLCS] and safety instrumented system [SIS].)
Block Flow Diagram A diagram or system in which the principal parts or functions are
(BFD) represented by blocks connected by lines that show the
relationships of the blocks. BFDs are typically used for a higher
level, less detailed description aimed more at understanding the
overall concepts and less at understanding the details of
implementation.
Bubble Circular symbol used to denote and identify the purpose of an
instrument or function. The bubble usually contains a tag number
(synonym for balloon). (Reference ISA 5.1.)

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Car Seal Open/Closed Method for locking valve position by means of sealing. Sealing
(CSO/CSC) method may be via plastic strips or by wire and sealing wax. The
terms CSO and CSC should not be used interchangeably with the
terms locked open (LO) and locked closed (LC).
Note: Car sealing is only an acceptable alternative for securing
the position of valves that are neither in relief flow paths, nor
required for assuring the position of isolation valves during
maintenance. Valves in relief flow paths and used for isolation
during maintenance shall be locked in position.
Design Pressure Pressure used in the design of a vessel component together with
the coincident design metal temperature for determining the
minimum permissible thickness or physical characteristics of the
different zones of the vessel. (Reference ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 3.)
Digital Valve Positioner Smart valve-mounted controller that replaces current-to-
(DVC) pneumatic (I/P) converter and valve positioner combination.
Fail Closed (FC) Characteristic of an automated valve that causes the valve to close
as a result of specific malfunctions, including loss of signal or
motive power. (Reference ISA 5.1.)
Fail Indeterminate (FI) Characteristic of an automated valve that causes the valve to move
to an unknown position as a result of specific malfunctions,
including loss of signal or motive power. Some automated valves
do not stay at the last position upon failure and instead move with
the process differential pressure. Additional equipment may be
needed to meet the definition of FC, fail open (FO), or fail locked
(FL). (Reference ISA 5.1.)
Fail Locked (FL), Last Characteristic of an automated valve that causes the valve to
Position remain in the last (locked) position as a result of specific
malfunctions, including loss of signal or motive power. Automated
valves may fail indeterminately without additional equipment.
(Reference ISA 5.1.)
Fail Open (FO) Characteristic of an automated valve that causes the valve to
open as a result of specific malfunctions, including loss of signal
or motive power. (Reference ISA 5.1)
Fire & Gas (F&G) Protection system using area fire and gas detectors. F&G may be
integrated into part of or separate from the SIS.
First Out (F.O.) Detection and notification of which device or instrument initiated
a unit or equipment shutdown.
Foundation Fieldbus (FF) Digital communication protocol between field devices and the
process control system (PCS).
Hand Switch (HS) Any operator-manipulated discrete control device, including
hardwired panel switches and software points.

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Hazard and Operability A structured and systematic examination of a planned or existing

(HAZOP) process or operation to identify and evaluate problems that may
represent risks to personnel or equipment, or prevent efficient
operation. It is carried out by a suitably experienced
multi-disciplinary team (HAZOP team) during a set of meetings.
Synonymous term to process hazard analysis (PHA).
Higher Level Control Provides sophistication above that of the BPCS. The HLCS is not
System (HLCS) necessary to operate the process. HLCS functions are typically
based in process computers or higher level PCS hardware that
interacts with the process by manipulating set points in the BPCS.
Examples of control functions in the HLCS are statistical process
control and model predictive control. (See also BPCS and SIS.)
Human Machine Interface Human-machine interface such as a PCS or PLC monitor.
(HMI)
Independent A device, system, or action that is capable of preventing a scenario
Protection Layer (IPL) from proceeding to its undesired consequence, independent of
the initiating event or the action of other layers of protection
associated with the scenario.
Interlock System that, in response to a predetermined condition, initiates a
predefined action. Typically comprises binary (on/off) signals and
logic used for process control, sequencing, or protective
interruption of normal process control functions. Protective
interlocks are typically further defined as being either
safety-related or commercial-related (asset or
production protection).
InTools® An early product name that has been superseded by
SmartPlant Instrumentation (SPI). Refer to SPI for the
definition.
Isolation Valve A valve used for isolation of process equipment while performing
activities such as purging, de-pressuring, or de-inventorying. This
valve is also commonly referred to as the primary block valve.
Line Class Section of the piping material specifications that provides a listing
of piping components for specific design conditions.
Locked Open/ Means of locking valve position by placement of a padlock on an
Locked Closed (LO/LC) integral valve locking mechanism or external chain wrapped
around valve handle. The terms LO and LC should not be used
interchangeably with the terms CSO and CSC.
Logic Solver Control equipment that performs the logic function. It can be either
hardwired (e.g., relays) or programmable electronic systems (PEGs)
(e.g., DCS-based or PLC-based, including dual-redundant or triple-
redundant microprocessors).
Material Flow Diagram Illustration of basic material selection philosophy for entire
(MFD) process unit on a PFD-style drawing. MFDs serve as a design basis
and master reference for equipment data sheets and piping
materialselection.

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Motor Control Center Motor control centers and smart electrical protective devices
(MCC) are commonly interfaced to PCS for operator display.
Packaged Equipment One or more pieces of equipment furnished by Supplier with
supportive devices and components to perform a specific
operation as a unit.
Partial Stroke Testing (PST) Automated testing feature that allows shutdown and on-off
valves to be partially stroked without causing unit or equipment
shutdown.
Piping and Detailed graphical representation of a process including the
Instrumentation Diagram hardware and software (i.e., piping, equipment, and
(P&ID) instrumentation) necessary to design, construct, and operate the
facility. Common synonyms for P&IDs include engineering flow
diagrams (EFDs), utility flow diagrams (UFDs), and mechanical
flow diagrams.
Plant Asset Management Automated maintenance and diagnostic system for field
System (PAMS) instrumentation. It may be a separate system or an
integral component of the PCS.
Process Automation System Umbrella term for control system, including BPCS, HLCS, plant
(PAS) asset management system (PAMS) and other tools such as data
historian, critical alarm panel, motor control interfaces, and
operator advisory systems.
Process Control System Provides primary control, monitoring, and data acquisition
(PCS) functions for a plant. This term is used interchangeably with DCS.
PCS may also refer to a PLC if it is the primary control system in a
facility.
Process Flow Diagram Simplified graphical representation of a process illustrating major
(PFD) equipment, process interconnections, and basic control
strategies. PFDs are conceptual design drawings that provide the
basis for P&ID development and auxiliary drawing generation
such as MFDs.
Programmable Electronic Logic performed by programmable or configurable devices. This
System (PES) term has been replaced by PCS. (Reference ISA 84.00.01.)
Root Valve First valve or valves between the process and an auxiliary device
(e.g., an instrument) that contacts the process and is used to
isolate the device from the process. This valve is typically a line
class valve used for shutoff and isolation.
Safety Instrumented System System composed of sensors, logic solvers, and final control
(SIS) elements for the purpose of taking the process to a safe state if
predetermined conditions are violated. Other terms commonly
used include emergency shutdown system (ESD or ESS) and
safety shutdown system (SSD). (Reference ISA 84.00.01.) (See
also BPCS and HLCS.)

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Safety Integrity Level (SIL) One of four possible discrete integrity levels (SIL 1, SIL 2, SIL 3, and
SIL 4) of SIS. SILs are defined in terms of probability of failure on
demand. (Reference ISA 84.00.01.)
Safety Objective Analysis Formal process using results of a PHA to determine the safety
(SOA) system instrumentation required to prevent and mitigate
hazardous events in downstream, chemical, and upstream onshore
processes. SOA process relies on hazardous scenario causes,
consequences, and safeguards developed during the PHA as a
starting point for determining whether adequate risk reduction has
been provided for each cause-consequence scenario and
recommending additional measures to further mitigate risk as
necessary.
Safety System Function Formal process using results of a PHA to determine the safety
Analysis (SSFA) system instrumentation required to prevent and mitigate
hazardous events on offshore production platforms where API 14C
has already been applied. SSFA process relies on hazardous causes,
consequences, and safeguards developed during the PHA as a
starting point for determining whether adequate risk reduction has
been provided for each cause-consequence scenario and
recommending additional measures to further mitigate risk as
necessary.
Skirt Cylindrical supporting structure welded to the bottom of a vertical
vessel and extended to the base support.
SmartPlant® The Purchaser standard for instrumentation and control
Instrumentation (SPI) systems engineering and design. This software package is used
to create and maintain the instrument index, process data,
instrument specifications, loop diagrams, input/output (I/O)
assignments, wiring diagrams, fieldbus segment diagrams, and
instrument hookup details. SPI is synonymous with the term
InTools.
SmartPlant P&ID (SPPID) The Purchaser standard for process and instrumentation
diagrams. This software package is used to create and maintain the
electronic copies of the P&IDs. (Product of Intergraph.)
Soft Point Alarm and indication sent by communication bus (e.g., Ethernet or
Modbus) between systems, such as between the PCS and PLCs.
Tagged For the purposes of labeling instrumentation and control
components, a hardware device or a software point that
is identified with an ISA style tag number.
Tight Shutoff (TSO) In this specification, tight shutoff (TSO) is defined as follows: for
control valves, TSO is ANSI Class V or VI in accordance with FCI
70-2. For on/off valves, both manual and automatic (e.g., ball
valves), TSO is ISO 5208 Rate “A”.

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Trim Item attached to equipment as an integral component, identified

as part of the equipment that is exposed to the process, and having
a function local to the equipment being served. Examples are vent
and drain valves, instrument bridles, blind flanges, plugs, or other
miscellaneous items associated with a piece of equipment.
Typically, trim is purchased independently from the equipment.
Utility Flow Diagram Simplified graphical representation of a utility process illustrating
major equipment, utility interconnections, and basic control
strategies. PFDs are conceptual design drawings that provide the
basis for P&ID development and auxiliary drawing generation
such as MFDs.

4.0 Requirements
Note: The ultimate goal is a common project database that allows automatic data
transfer between smart piping and instrument diagrams (P&ID) and process,
instrument, and electrical automated design tools and packages. This eliminates
multiple databases, which have inherent errors and duplication of effort, and also
provides the end user a tool for efficient, accurate operations and maintenance
of the facility.

4.1 General
1. This specification shall be used as a starting point for project- or facility-
specific requirements where the equipment will be installed.
2. The following checklist shall be completed and agreed upon prior to drawing generation:
a. Development of project- or facility-specific P&ID cover sheets including sheet
title blocks.
b. Method for material takeoff from the P&IDs and other project documents.
c. P&ID typical details.
d. P&ID attribute convention (if used).
e. Engineering unit abbreviations list.
Note: Where fieldbus instrumentation is used, engineering unit abbreviations
may be defined in the instrument’s selection menu.
f. Tag numbering convention.
g. Equipment numbering convention.
h. Interlock numbering system.
i. Seed file alignment with SPI.
j. Documentation method for soft points (e.g., auxiliary P&IDs, cross references
in the P&ID notes, typical details, etc.).
k. Decision on whether to have an optional P&ID layer for HAZOP notation.
1) The HAZOP layer may include node identification, independent protection
layer (IPL) numbers as determined by a safety objective analysis (SOA) or
layers of protection analysis (LOPA)/safety system function analysis (SSFA),
nozzle descriptions (effectively a cross-check against vessel data sheets),
and design and operating parameters (flows, pressure, temperatures, etc.).
2) Drawing guidance may be obtained from PHR-[ICM]-GTB-10J15127C and PHR-ICM-
DTL-106025.

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l. Philosophy of where car sealed open/car seal closed (CSO/CSC) and locked
open/locked closed (LO/LC) values are used within the facility so they may be
consistently depicted on the P&IDs.
Note: The example drawings included in Appendix A through Appendix D are not
intended to recommend specific design details or requirements. Example
drawings are included to provide an illustration of how the elements of this
specification are combined into a drawing. If SPI or other database
software products are integrated with P&ID drawing generation, these
database structures should be reviewed and verified prior to beginning the
drawing effort. These items are difficult to change later without extensive
rework, especially where multiple Suppliers or parties are involved.
3. Most details available from other types of documentation (e.g., instrument loop
diagrams, piping isometrics, and vessel data sheets) shall not be included on P&IDs. This
specification uses the concepts of typical details with implied components to simplify
the P&IDs. (See PHR-[ICM]-GTB-10J15127E through PHR-[ICM]-GTB-10J15127G for
examples.)
a. While this approach shall be preferred, it may not be compatible with the work
processes or design software used on the project.
b. It shall be the responsibility of the project team to determine the compatibility of
implied components with the work processes or design software used for a project
(e.g., safety reviews, material takeoff method, and integration plan).
4. Typical details may be added if clutter may be eliminated without detracting from
clarity. These could include the following:
a. Motor controls.
b. Pump seals.
c. Compressors.
d. Shutdown valve solenoids and position indication.
e. Alarms and calculations, such as deviation alarms, bypass alarms, single vote
to trip alarms, first out alarms, etc.
f. Soft points sent via communications bus (Ethernet, Modbus, etc.) from other
systems, such as motor control centers (MCCs) and programmable logic
controllers (PLCs).
g. Safety instrumented systems (expansion details for logic purposes).
5. Typical details shall be documented on the P&ID where used, on an auxiliary P&ID,
on a reference drawing, or on a cover sheet with cross-references to the P&ID. Pump
and compressor driver piping, instrumentation, and auxiliaries may be shown on a
separate, auxiliary P&ID. Primary P&ID and auxiliary P&ID shall be cross-referenced.
6. All templates and borders are designed to work for ANSI size D (22-inch  34-inch)
paper. When converting to other paper sizes, the P&IDs shall be scaled accordingly to
conserve ratio.

4.2 Layout Format

1. The layout, dimensional, and orientation requirements specified herein shall be
considered to be optimal. These may only be superseded by intelligent P&IDs or other
software drawings packages, or require light modification due to space constraints.
2. Items on the P&IDs such as equipment and instrument numbers may have attributes
or other data features to facilitate automated extraction and re-importation to/from
the P&IDs.

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4.2.1 Piping Orientation

1. The top of a horizontal line and the left side of a vertical line shall be the top of a pipe.
2. The bottom of a horizontal line and the right side of a vertical line shall be the bottom
of a pipe.
3. A note shall be used to clarify the orientation as required.
4. Drawing size shall be 22 × 34 inches (ANSI D).
a. Drawings shall usually be plotted in a final size of 11 × 17 inches (ANSI B).
b. Drawings shall be legible if reduced to 8 1/2 × 11 inches (ANSI A).

Note: In a metric facility or project, the next nearest equivalent size should be used.
5. Each P&ID shall be laid out to avoid clutter and allow future modifications. No more
than three pieces of major equipment should be shown on a P&ID.

4.2.2 Flow Orientation

1. Primary flow shall be shown on each P&ID from left to right.
2. Flow-through equipment shall be shown relative to actual arrangement (e.g., cooling
water supply in bottom of exchanger tube bundle and cooling water return out top).
3. Primary process lines shall be shown heavier than secondary and utility lines as
described in Section 4.4.

4.2.3 Connector Symbols

1. Off-page and off-plot connectors for primary, secondary, and instrumentation lines shall
be shown entering the P&ID horizontally 0.25 inch from the left inside border line and
exiting
2. 0.25 inch horizontally from the right inside border line in accordance with Appendix C.
3. 2. Utility connectors may be shown at any convenient location on the body of the P&ID.

4.2.4 Utility P&IDs

1. Utility collection/distribution P&IDs shall be laid out relative to plot plan orientation.
2. To depict plot plan orientation, utility off-page connectors for a utility
connection/distribution P&ID may be positioned vertically.
3. If match lines are required on utility collection/distribution P&IDs, the lines shall match
the connecting drawing match lines.

4.2.5 Connector Descriptions

1. Service description, P&ID number, and origin/destination shall be shown for off-page
and off-plot connectors in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A and Appendix C.
a. Origin/destination shall be shown as equipment number, line number, or loop
number.
b. Service description for a piping off-page and off-plot connector shall be shown as
name of fluid (e.g., cracked gas) or line description (e.g., reactor feed, tower
overhead).
c. Service description for an instrument off-page and off-plot connector shall be
shown as a line function (e.g., low level override) and equipment to be
controlled
(e.g., 100-PV-0014A/B).
2. Text associated with off-page and off-plot connectors on the left side of the P&ID

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shall be left justified; text associated with off-page and off-plot connectors on the
right side of a P&ID shall be right justified.
3. Equipment arrangement shall be shown relative to its elevation to grade (e.g.,
pumps at bottom of P&ID) in accordance with Appendix C.
4. A control valve actuator shall be shown above a horizontal line or to the left of a vertical
line.
5. If a control valve identification bubble is required, the center point of the bubble shall
be shown 0.5 inch above and 0.5 inch away from the actuator in a horizontal line, or
0.5 inch to the left and 0.5 inch away from the actuator in a vertical line.
6. The center point of an instrument bubble shall be shown 0.5 inch directly above an
inline instrument in a horizontal line or 0.5 inch directly left of an inline instrument
in a vertical line.
Note: Examples are restriction orifices (ROs) and stand-alone thermowells.

4.2.6 Pressure Safety Valves

1. The pressure safety valve (PSV) shall be shown in a vertical and upright position.
2. The center point of a PSV identification bubble shall be shown 0.5 inch above and 0.5
inch away from the safety valve.
3. The center point of a pressure safety element (PSE) identification bubble shall be shown
0.5 inch above a horizontal line or to the left of a vertical line and 0.5 inch away from
the PSE or equipment.

4.3 Symbol Format

1. Format, equipment, piping, and instrument symbols shall be shown in accordance
with [ICM] GB-J15127A through [ICM] GB-J15127J.
2. Equipment internals shall be shown using a short dash/space line at a minimum weight of
0.02 inch.
3. A mating piping flange to an equipment nozzle shall be shown at a distance of 0.0625 inch.
4. A connection to an equipment nozzle shall be shown if the connection is welded.
5. For normally closed manual valves, the abbreviation NC shall be used directly below
the valve in a horizontal line or to the right of the valve in a vertical line.
6. NC designation shall not be required for normally closed on/off valves whose
purpose is obvious, such as the manual bypass around a control valve and drain
connections.
7. Control valves or relief valves shall not be shown as NC.

4.4 Line Format

1. Line weights designated in this section are PIP recommendations for optimal
clarity. Deviations shall be allowed if accepted by Owner.
2. Primary process lines shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A at a weight of
0.06 inch.
3. Secondary, utility, future, or existing lines shall be shown in accordance
with [ICM] GB-J15127A at a weight of 0.02 inch.
4. Instrument line symbols shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127B at a
weight of 0.01 inch.
5. Packaged equipment (skid) limit lines shall be shown in accordance
with [ICM] GB-J15127A at a weight of 0.03 inch.
6. Equipment outlines shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127J at a weight of

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0.02 inch.
7. Inline piping components shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A
and [ICM] GB-J15127B at a weight of 0.02 inch.
8. Line class shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A at a weight of 0.02 inch.
9. If intelligent P&ID software is used, the associated attributes shall adhere to all
requirements indicated in PHR-PIM-DTL-105138 for pipe design.
10. Piping and instrumentation lines on the P&ID shall be routed as directly as
possible in vertical and horizontal orientation with minimal changes in direction.
Showing lines in non-vertical and non-horizontal routing shall be avoided.
11. Spacing between lines shall be maintained at a minimum of 0.5 inch.
12. Flow arrows shall be shown at corners and intersecting lines.
a. Flow arrows shall be shown at equipment on the terminal end of piping.
b. Flow arrows shall not be shown at source equipment.
13. Line breaks shall be in order of priority, with 1 being highest and 6 being lowest.
Supplier shall follow the line break prioritization shown in Table 1.
Note: For instance, 6 will have line breaks for items of higher priority. Priority 1 will
have precedence over items of lower priority and will not have line breaks.

Table 1: Line Break Prioritization

Priority Type of Line Breaks
1 Equipment (lines do not cross equipment)
2 Horizontal primary process lines
3 Vertical primary process lines
4 Horizontal secondary and utility lines
5 Vertical secondary and utility lines
6 Instrument lines
For utility collection/distribution P&IDs, priorities are as follows:
1 Pipe rack lines
2 Entering and exiting lines

14. Line break gaps shall be maintained at 0.13 inch.

15. Routing lines across equipment or text shall be avoided.

4.5 Text Format

1. Variables such as font availability and plotter/printer limitations may adversely
affect text legibility.
2. All lettering shall be with uppercase characters.
3. Text heights specified herein shall be considered as optimal, but slight deviation
may be required for legibility.

4.5.1 Drawing Notes

1. General text and drawing notes shall be shown using a text height of 0.1 inch at a weight
of
0.02 inch.
2. General text and drawing notes shall be aligned left and shall start in the upper-left

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corner of the notes area in accordance with Appendix C.

3. If a note contains more than one line, the line spacing shall be 0.05 inch between each
line.
4. Spacing between notes shall be shown at 0.25 inch beneath the last line of the
preceding note maintaining a top and left text justification.

4.5.2 Equipment Information

1. Equipment numbers shall use a text height of 0.16 inch at a weight of 0.03 inch.
2. Equipment numbers shall be underlined.
3. Equipment title and data shall use a text height of 0.1 inch at a weight of 0.02 inch.
4. Equipment text shall be justified at the top and center.
5. Equipment numbers, titles, and data for fixed or static equipment (i.e., exchangers,
vessels, tanks, towers, filters, and material handling) shall be shown within 2 inches of
the top inside border line of the P&ID, directly above the equipment, and on the same
horizontal plane as other equipment identification.
6. Equipment numbers, titles, and data for rotating equipment (i.e., pumps, blowers,
compressors, and agitators) shall be shown within 2 inches of the bottom inside border
line of the P&ID, directly below the equipment, and on the same horizontal plane as
other equipment identification.
7. Equipment number, title, and data shall be shown once for identical equipment with the
same number, title, and service (e.g., P 601A/B).

4.5.3 Line Numbers

1. Line numbers shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A. See example shown
in Appendix C.
2. Line numbers shall use a text height of 0.1 inch at a weight of 0.02 inch.
3. Line number text shall be placed 0.06 inch from the line and shall be aligned vertically
0.25 inch from the connector.
4. Line numbers entering off-page and off-plot connectors shall be justified at the top and
left.
5. Line numbers exiting off-page and off-plot connectors shall be justified at the top and right.
6. Line numbering shall be shown with the orientation of the line.

4.5.4 Text Arrangement

1. Text shall be shown horizontal, if possible.
2. Vertical text shall be placed to the left of supporting graphics, if possible.
3. Vertical text shall be read from bottom to top.
4. Abbreviations shall be in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127C. This list may be
expanded based on project needs.

4.5.5 Control Valve Information

1. Control valve failure action abbreviation shall be shown at 0.06 inch directly below
the control valve in horizontal lines and 0.06 inch to the right of the control valve
in vertical lines. See examples shown in Appendix C.
2. The control valve size shall be shown between the actuator and valve body symbol.
a. If necessary, control valve size may be repositioned so as not to be obscured by
other items shown on actuator (e.g., position switches or hand wheels).
b. See examples shown in Appendix C.

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3. Control valve seat leakage criteria (e.g., tight shutoff [TSO]) shall be shown below the
valve body symbol.
a. If necessary, control valve leakage criteria may be repositioned so as not to be
obscured by other items shown on the actuator (e.g., position switches or hand
wheels).
b. See examples shown in Appendix C.
4. Generic control valve symbol with diaphragm actuator shall be used if control valve type
has not been selected.
5. For PSVs, PSEs, and pressure control valves (PCVs), the device size and set pressure shall
be shown close to the identification bubble. See examples shown in Appendix C.

5.0 Equipment Requirements

1. Equipment not specifically identified herein shall be shown with an equipment symbol
that is a reasonable representation of the equipment as it will exist in the field.
2. Equipment shall be identified by a classification letter and sequence number as
shown in Table 2.
3. Equipment item number and title/service shall be shown as a minimum.
Note: Section 5.0 gives a complete list of data attributes necessary for the equipment
types listed in the specification. For equipment outside the boundaries of this
specification, equipment attributes should be shown as necessary.
4. Equipment internals shall be shown using a short dash/space lines at a minimum weight
of 0.02 inch as described in Section 4.3, item 2.
5. For vertical vessels, elevations shall be referenced from the lower tangent line of the
vessel (the joint between the bottom head and the shell). For horizontal vessels,
elevations shall be referenced from the bottom of the vessel on the inside of the shell.
6. The high liquid level (HLL), normal liquid level (NLL), and low liquid level (LLL) shall be
displayed inside the vessel at the relative height or placement of the vessel level
instrumentation.
7. Equipment elevations shall not be shown unless the elevations are necessary to
specify process requirements for associated equipment locations or orientations
relative to one another.
8. Associated trim (e.g., vent and drain valves, instrument bridles) for equipment
shall be shown.
9. Auxiliary system requirements for individual pieces of equipment (e.g., lube oil systems,
seal flush systems, turbine gland leak-off piping, sample systems) shall be shown on
auxiliary P&IDs.
10. Jacketing and tracing requirements for equipment shall be shown.
11. The type of insulation (e.g., personnel protection, heat conservation) for equipment
shall be shown as part of the equipment data.

5.1 Equipment Symbols

1. Equipment symbols shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127J.
2. Equipment shall be shown with simple outline representation.
3. Discretion shall be exercised so that equipment symbols do not dominate the drawing,
but the symbols shall be drawn large enough for clear understanding.
4. Equipment shall not be drawn to scale.

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5. Equipment shall be shown relative to associated equipment both in size and

general orientation.

5.2 Nozzles
1. Nozzles, including spares, shall be shown on equipment as single lines.
2. Manways shall be shown as double lines.
3. Process and utility nozzles may be labeled.
4. Nozzle sizes shall be shown unless the size is implied by piping connections.

5.3 Agitators
1. The term ‘agitator’ shall apply to mechanical mixers and aerators.
2. Agitators shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127J.

5.4 Blowers
1. Blower symbols shall be shown as centrifugal or positive displacement as required
(refer to [ICM] GB-J15127J and PIP PIC001, Appendix A-2).
2. If the type is not known, the centrifugal type shall be shown on the drawing as a default.

5.5 Compressors
1. The compressor symbol shall be shown for each stage of multistage compressors.
2. Multistage compressors may be shown on multiple P&IDs.
3. Centrifugal and positive displacement compressors shall be shown in accordance
with [ICM] GB-J15127J.
4. Other compressor types shall be as shown in PIP PIC001, Appendix A-2 as well
as [ICM] GB-J15127J.
5. Simplified depiction shall be allowed if compressor configuration is not known or selected.

5.6 Drivers
1. Drivers shall be shown with the driven equipment and shall use the symbols for
motors, diesel engines, and turbines.
2. Equipment numbers for drivers shall normally not be required because equipment
data for the drivers is shown as an integral part of the associated driven component.
3. Equipment number shall be shown for driver if it drives more than one piece of
equipment or if the driver number is different from the equipment it drives.
4. The base symbol for the pneumatic driver shall be the same as the electric driver. Air
inlet and discharge nozzles shall be shown for the pneumatic driver.
5. Drivers shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127J.

5.7 Heat Exchangers

1. The term ‘heat exchanger’ shall include unfired heat exchangers, coolers,
condensers, reboilers, vaporizers, and heating coils.
2. Shell and tube exchangers on P&IDs shall be as shown in [ICM] GB-J15127J. Prior
to equipment selection, a generic exchanger symbol may be used.
3. Exchanger nozzles shall be oriented to indicate the flow path through the exchanger.
4. The total duties shall be shown for multiple exchangers used in series or
parallel configurations for common service.
5. Air-cooled exchangers shall include two basic typesforced draft or induced draft.

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a. Each type may have different configurations, such as recirculation, multiple

bundles, multiple fans, variable (automatic or manual) fan pitch, variable louvers,
or steam coils.
b. Symbols may be modified by the user to represent the type of air-cooled exchanger
used.

5.8 Furnaces
1. The term ‘furnace’ shall include direct-fired equipment, preheaters, etc. The symbol
shown in [ICM] GB-J15127J is one of many possible representations.
2. The radiant coils and convection coils for the furnace shall be shown to distinguish
between the respective sections.

5.9 Pumps
1. Pumps shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127J.
Note: Additional pump types are available in PIP PIC001, Appendix A-2
and [ICM] GB-J15127J.
2. If pump type is not known or selected, the centrifugal type shall be displayed as a default.
3. Base plates shall not be shown unless panned and drained.
4. Drains and lines to oil and/or water sumps shall be shown.
5. Supplier-provided instrumentation or controls (e.g., relief for a positive displacement
pump, high temperature shutoff switch) shall be shown.
6. External piping and instrumentation for pump seals shall be shown.

5.10 Packaged or Skid-Mounted Equipment

1. The term ‘packaged equipment’ shall include units such as air driers and
refrigeration systems.
2. Packaged equipment limit lines shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A.
3. Packaged equipment shall be shown in its entirety.
a. Subject to written Purchaser acceptance, to avoid duplication of effort in
producing P&IDs, Supplier drawings may be referenced in an empty box
drawn with package equipment lines.
b. The level of detail in Supplier drawings shall be equivalent to or exceed this
specification and a legend shall be provided for any unique or different symbols
and abbreviations.
4. Equipment/item numbers (reference Section 5.13) shall be assigned to individual
equipment in the package.

5.11 Vessels
1. Vessels shall be shown as representing the actual vessel shape and orientation.
Example representations of vessels are shown in [ICM] GB-J15127J.
2. Manways, handholes, and skirts shall be shown.
3. Supports for other equipment (e.g., spheres) shall be shown only if needed.
4. Trays and tray numbers shall be shown at process connection points.
5. Trays shall be numbered in accordance with the project convention.
6. The top and bottom trays shall be shown.

5.12 Tanks

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Tanks shall be shown as representing the actual tank shape and orientation. An example
can be found in [ICM] GB-J15127J.

5.13 Classification of Equipment

The equipment classifications listed in Table 2 shall be considered Owner’s standard.
1. For existing facilities, the nomenclature shown in Table 2 may be used. However, local
asset tagging practices shall be identified and implemented based on maintenance
systems and existing tags.
2. Written acceptance shall be required for deviations because changes will impact the
facility databases where the equipment is installed.

Table 2: Equipment Classification for P&ID Depiction

Class Subject Description

C Columns/Towers
D Drum Non-pressurized vessels
E Heat Exchangers / Unfired heat exchangers, condensers, coolers, reboilers, vaporizers and heating
Condensers coils, double pipe, spiral, plate & frame, air coolers
F Furnaces Fired heaters, furnaces, boilers, kilns
K Blowers / Fans Centrifugal blowers, positive displacement blowers, fans
K Compressors Centrifugal, reciprocating, screw, vacuum
K Mixing Agitators, aerators, mechanical mixers
Equipment
MK Mechanical Electric and pneumatic for compressors, compressors with electric
Driver motors
MP Mechanical Electric and pneumatic for pumps
Driver
P Pumps Horizontal and vertical centrifugal, positive displacement, vertical
canned, screw, gear, sump
R Reactors
S Sump or Impound
T Tanks API atmospheric and low pressure
TK Mechanical Steam and gas turbines for compressors
Driver
TP Mechanical Steam and gas turbines for pumps
Driver
U Miscellaneous
V Vessels Pressure vessels, separators, driers, accumulators

Note: Although not the norm, some legacy facilities may use additional
equipment classifications not shown in Table 2. Some additional
definitions can be found in PIP PIC001 or the following example:
CT = Cooling
Towers F = Flare
F = Stack
J = Strainer
K = Dryer

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K = Filter/Coalescer
K = Silencer

5.14 Equipment Data

1. The equipment information in Section 5.14.1 through Section 5.14.9 shall be shown on
the P&ID in relation to the appropriate equipment symbol and in accordance with
Section 4.5.2. Additional information may be displayed at Owner discretion.
2. If intelligent P&ID software is used, all of the attributes shall be part of the P&ID
software database.
3. Owner shall be contacted for any additional requirements.
4. All equipment shall contain the following requirements:
a. Design pressure.
b. Minimum design metal temperature (MDMT).
c. Design maximum temperature.

5.14.1 Agitators, Mixers

1. Equipment/item number.
2. Title/service.
3. Power requirements/horsepower rating.
4. Materials of construction.

5.14.2 Blowers
1. Equipment/item number.
2. Title/service.
3. Capacity (flow and differential pressure [D/P]).
4. Power requirements/horsepower rating.
5. Design pressure and temperature.
6. Materials of construction.

5.14.3 Compressors
1. Equipment/item number.
2. Title/service.
3. Capacity (flow and D/P).
4. Power requirements/horsepower rating.
5. Design pressure and temperature.
6. Materials of construction.

5.14.4 Furnaces
1. Equipment/item number.
2. Title/service.
3. Duty.
4. Design tube pressure and temperature.
5. Tube material.

5.14.5 Heat Exchangers

1. Equipment/item number.
2. Title/service.
3. Duty.

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4. Surface area.
5. Shell design pressure at temperature.
6. Tube design pressure at temperature.
7. Materials of construction (shell/tubes).
8. Trim (shell/tubes).
9. Insulation.
10. MDMT and TEMA type (if applicable).

5.14.6 Pumps
1. Equipment/item number.
2. Title/service.
3. Capacity (flow and total differential head [TDH]).
4. Power requirements/horsepower rating.
5. Design pressure and temperature.
6. Materials of construction.
7. Insulation/tracing.
8. Seal plan.

5.14.7 Vessels/Tanks
1. Equipment/item number.
2. Title/service.
3. Size/capacity (e.g., inner diameter and tangent-to-tangent length).
4. Design pressure at temperature.
5. Materials of construction.
6. Trim.
7. Insulation/tracing.
8. MDMT (if applicable).

5.14.8 Units of Measurement

1. Units of measurement (e.g., gpm, psig, btu/hr.) for equipment data shall be
shown as required.
2. The abbreviations for units of measure shall be in accordance with PHR-ICM-DTL-
106003 and PHR-QAM-SPC-105227 unless accepted by the project specifications
or project process control system (PCS) configuration standards.
Note: Where fieldbus instrumentation is used, engineering unit abbreviations
may be defined in the instrument’s selection menu.

5.14.9 Other Equipment

Equipment not listed in this section shall be described as appropriate to convey important
data.

6.0 Piping Requirements

6.1 Line Data Identification
1. The line data identification shall be shown in accordance with PHT-[ICM] GTB-10J15127A.
2. Piping and tubing line class designations shall follow and adhere to PHR-PIM-
SPC-105112, PHR-PIM-SPC-105113, and PHR-PIM-SPC-105300

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3. Unit symbols (e.g., " [inch mark] for inches) shall be included with line sizes.
4. A leading zero shall be used if calling out piping in decimal format.
5. Additional characters may be added to the size tag (i.e., user is not limited to four
characters, “XXXX”).
6. Suffixes shall not be used as part of the sequence number.
7. Sequence numbers shall typically originate and terminate at equipment.
8. Different sequence numbers shall be assigned to line branches that terminate at
different equipment numbers or lines.
9. The sequence number shall not be changed if the line flows through a piping specialty
item or a control valve.
10. Line class breaks shall be shown where there are piping specification changes in a
section of pipe and shall be drawn in accordance with PHR-[ICM]-GTB-10J15127A.
11. At Owner’s discretion, the sequence number may be changed if there is a line class break.
12. Different sequence numbers shall be assigned to the inlet and outlet of pressure relief
valves.
13. Insulation codes shall be in accordance with PHR-IRM-SPC-101381 andPHR-IRM-SPC-
102634.
14. Special layout requirements (e.g., no pockets) shall be shown with a note. Examples
include the following:
a. Relative dimensions between equipment and piping or vessels (e.g., minimum
vertical elevation between vessel and pump suction nozzle).
b. Piping slope (e.g., flare lines to be sloped 1:200 minimum).
c. Symmetrical piping (e.g., for flow splitting in saturated steam lines).
Note: The term “self draining” should not be used as it is ambiguous and
subject to different interpretations.

6.2 Line Service Codes

1. Line service codes shall be as listed in [ICM] GB-J15127A. Additional line service codes
may be added as required and shall be agreed upon by facility prior to drawing
generation.
2. Each line service code shall consist of one to three alpha characters.

6.3 Piping Line Symbols

1. Piping shall be shown for primary, secondary, utility, jacketed, or double
containment, and future lines in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A.
2. For future lines, the dashed symbol shall be used and the line shall be labeled “Future.”
3. Piping for existing lines depicted on new P&IDs shall be shown in accordance with
[ICM] GB-J15127A. The dashed symbol shall be used for existing lines and the line shall
be labeled “Existing.”
a. During the project execution phase, piping for new lines depicted on existing
P&IDs shall be clouded to identify the additions and revisions to the P&ID.
b. After project completion, facility management shall determine when to
remove the clouds from the P&IDs to minimize clutter.
4. Piping for aboveground (AG) and underground (UG) lines shall be shown in the
same manner.
5. An AG/UG line break or a piping line class break shall be used to distinguish between
AG and UG lines.
6. Dashed lines may also be used to identify proposed, funded, or duplicate equipment.

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7. Sequence numbers shall change anytime there is a significant change in operating or

design conditions that requires a new entry to properly document on the piping line
lists and there is no other change in any other part of the line coding that would
separate the segment (e.g., there is no change in the piping material line class code).
8. Where there is a significant change in operating or design conditions downstream of a
control valve (e.g., pressure or temperature), a different sequence number may be
necessary to allow documentation of these changed conditions on the piping line lists.

6.4 Valve Symbols

1. Valve symbols shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A.
2. Additional valve symbols may be added as required.
3. Valve symbols shall be shown full size.
4. Reduced size valve symbols shall not be shown for drain and vent valving.
5. Valve size may be omitted if the size may be clearly identified from the piping
identification or other data on the P&ID. Control valve sizes shall always be displayed
on the P&ID.
6. The listed valve symbols shall be used for defining control valve body types.
7. If the control valve body type is unknown or is a globe valve, a gate valve symbol shall
be used as the generic valve symbol.

Note: The globe valve should not be used for non-control valve applications since
globe body type is not the norm for those installations.
8. Permanent hydrotest high-point vent and low-point drain valves shall be shown.

Note: These valves are typically identified in the later stages of P&ID development
and verified when an “as-built” issue is made.
9. Temporary hydrotest valves (valves removed after testing) shall not be shown.
10. Valve tag (commodity) numbers shall not be shown.

Note: To distinguish between two types of valves allowed by the same pipe
specification or for non-spec valves, an abbreviation or commodity reference
may be used. These should be agreed upon with the facility where equipment
will be installed.
11. A note or symbol shall be used to specify required installation/orientation for a
valve if necessary (e.g., valves with a vented ball/disc).
12. Valve end connections shall not be indicated, with the exception of a blinded,
capped, or plugged valve, and any design in which this requirement is critical.
13. Integral bypass (warm-up/pressurization) valves shall be shown where applicable.

6.5 Piping Specialty Items

1. Piping specialty items are typically not specified in piping material specifications, but
shall be shown on the P&IDs in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A. Additional piping
specialty symbols may be added if agreed upon with the facility where equipment will
be installed.
2. A tag number shall be assigned to each piping specialty item if it is not included in the
piping material specifications.
3. The tag number shall be designated as “SP-XXXX,” where SP indicates a special piping
item and XXXX is a four-character maximum identifier.

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4. If duplicate numbers are allowed by the project work processes, identical piping
specialty items located in multiple locations may be designated with the same tag
number.
5. Piping specialty items may be tagged as equipment or instrument items.

6.6 Piping Fittings

1. Typical piping fittings shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A. Additional
piping fitting symbols may be added if agreed upon with the facility where equipment
will be installed.
2. All reducers shall be shown on the P&ID.
3. Reducer size shall not be shown if it can be clearly identified from the P&ID.
4. Eccentric reducers shall be shown as such and shall be indicated as FOT (flat on top) or
FOB (flat on bottom).
5. Weld connections shall be shown only if appropriate (e.g., at vessel nozzles).

6.7 Connectors and Tie-In Symbols

1. Connectors and tie-ins shall be shown as in [ICM] GB-J15127A. Exceptions are
utility connectors and tie-in symbols, which may be shown in accordance with PIP
PIC001, Appendix A-3.
2. The off-page connector shall be used for lines that continue to/from another P&ID
showing the same unit or system.
3. The off page connectors shall include a reference letter and number to
indicate the coordinates where the connector appears on the next P&ID.
4. The off-page connector shall be used in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A for utility
lines if these lines are the primary system represented on the P&ID.
Note: Utility primary systems include utility headers and non-distribution type utility
lines (e.g., raw water treatment lines).
5. The off-plot connector shall be used for lines that cross unit or battery limits.

6.8 Notes
Specific design notes shall be shown on the applicable P&ID.

7.0 Instrumentation and Controls

7.1 Symbols
1. Instrument and control symbols shall be shown in accordance with PHR-[ICM]-GTB-
10J15127B and PHR-[ICM]-GTB-10J15127C.
2. The conventions established by PHR-ICM-SPC-106033 shall be used to develop the
tagging and numbering standards for the specific project or facility where the
equipment will be installed.
a. Breaks in the instrument bubble may be used to accommodate longer tag numbers.
b. In addition to the conventions described in PHR-ICM-SPC-106033, for SPI
related instrument tagging, Supplier shall follow and adhere to requirements
found in PHR-ICM-DTL-105152.
c. Whatever convention is used, it shall be agreed upon the facility (and should be
aligned with business unit requirements) where the equipment will be installed
prior to drawing generation.

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d. The tagging and numbering scheme shall be used for illustrative purposes only and
may be modified to meet project and facility needs.
e. Gaps in loop sequence numbers may be made when going to the next P&ID
sheet, to accommodate future changes. In addition, packaged equipment
Suppliers may be assigned a specific loop number range for their use.
3. A descriptive text label shall be added where a measurement type function is not clear
or intuitive (e.g., analysis components like CO, H2, CH4, or unique flow measurement
devices like “Mass”).
4. Interlock symbols shall be depicted as follows:
a. For discrete, hardware-based interlocks, the conventional diamond symbol shall be
used in accordance with ISA-5.1 and the PHR-[ICM]-GTB-10J15127 series of
drawings.
b. For PLC-based interlocks, the diamond-in-a-box symbol or the conventional
diamond symbol shall be used.
c. For PCS-based interlocks, the PCS symbol (bubble-in-a-box) shall be used.
d. For PLCs integral to the distributed control system (DCS), the PLC
symbol (diamond-in-a-box) or the conventional diamond symbol shall
be used.
Note: See PHR-[ICM]GTB-10J15127C, PHR-ICM-DTL-106025, and Section
7.3.10 for additional information.
5. Directional arrows on instrumentation signal lines shall be used.
6. Instrument functional symbols, shown in PHR-[ICM]GTB-10J15127B, and/or
descriptions shall be used to clarify the function of certain tagged instrument bubbles
(e.g., hand switches, instrument relays, and program blocks). The symbol or
description shall be placed outside the bubble at the upper right.
7. The off-page connector shall be used in accordance with PHR-[ICM]-GTB-
10J15127A to depict continuation of instrumentation signals from one P&ID to
another.
8. An individual instrument bubble shall not be shown more than once, unless needed to
clarify operation of the loop.
9. If it is necessary to show an instrument bubble more than once, the succeeding
occurrences shall be shown as dotted (e.g., turbine controls shown on a different
sheet than the turbine).
10. Instrument line symbols shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127B.
11. The alternative triple cross-hatched solid line allowed by ISA-5.1 shall not be used
for electrical signals.
12. The ISA optional binary (on-off) symbols shall not be used for instrument lines.
13. An instrument bubble with horizontal double dashed lines shall be used to
show instrumentation in normally inaccessible auxiliary locations.
14. The designation ‘RO’ shall be used for restriction orifices.
Note: This is an exception from ISA-5.1 which designates that flow orifice (FO) be used.
15. The same symbol (not tag) shall be used for a measuring flow element (FE) orifice
and an RO.
Note: Instrument symbols on the P&ID shall not necessarily reflect orientation.
16. Physical arrangement shall be covered by installation details or special notes.

7.2 Measurements
All transmitters shall be shown to avoid misinterpretations of physical and wiring

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connections between the transmitter and other devices or systems.

7.2.1 Isolation and Root Valves

1. Isolation valves shall be shown where an instrument is mounted on a vessel or other
piece of equipment and for pressure relief valves.
2. Isolation valves shall be CSO/CSC or LO/LC in accordance with the facility or
project guidelines. These guidelines may also dictate the sealing and locking
methods.
3. Root valves shall not need to be shown where these installation details are adequately
defined on a P&ID cover sheet.
4. Typical details, contained in [ICM] GB-J15127A through [ICM] GB-J15127J, shall be
used to identify the valve type, size, rating, and materials of construction in accordance
with the applicable piping line class.

7.2.2 Instrument Leads

1. If instrument leads or analyzer lines are piping (e.g., level bridles), the piping and
related components shall be shown in accordance with Section 4.4.
2. If instrument leads are tubing, only the tubing shall be shown. Tubing valves,
connections, and fittings shall not be shown.
3. Both leads for differential pressure type measurements shall be shown.
4. A single line, representing two leads, shall be used to simplify the drawing if intent is
clear (e.g., only a single line shall be typically shown for flange tap orifice meters).

7.2.3 Dip Tubes, Bubblers, and Stilling Wells

1. Dip tubes, bubblers, and stilling wells shall be shown for both process and instrumentation.
2. Notes shall be added as required for relevant specifications, materials, dimensions,
weep holes, spray heads, etc.

7.2.4 Flow Meters

1. Flow meters shall be shown with the appropriate symbols in accordance
with [ICM] GB-J15127B.
2. If no unique symbol exists, a generic “bubble” symbol shall be used and a text label
shall be provided to identify the measurement type. (Reference [ICM] GB-J15127B.) If
the device is unknown, the flow orifice symbol shall be used until the device is
identified.
3. Tags shall be provided for inline generic flow meter bubbles.
4. A bubble shall be shown with a loop tag for other flow meter element symbols only
if the loop association is not readily apparent. (Reference Section 4.2.5, item 9.)
5. The size of inline devices shall be shown if not line sized or otherwise implied.
6. Flow meter accuracies shall not be shown. The use of a note to indicate special flow
meter requirements shall be optional.
7. If used, flow conditioning devices (e.g., straightening vanes) shall be labeled
with an instrumentation tag (e.g., “FX …”) associated with the flow
measurement loop.
8. Quality designations (e.g., ISO 9000) shall not be shown.

7.2.5 Temperature
1. A symbol and tag shall be shown for a thermowell if it is a stand-alone, spare, or test well.

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2. Unless the loop association is not readily apparent, thermowell symbols or tags shall
not be shown if a thermal measuring element is connected to the thermowell.
Exceptions are specialty thermowells, such as those for multi-point temperature
assemblies in a reactor.

Note: With the 2014 edition of ASME B31.3, it is mandatory to complete flow
calculations in accordance with ASME PTC 19.3 to verify the resistance of the
thermowell to flow induced vibration. Specifically itemizing thermowells will
ensure that they are quantified and tagged, and increase the likelihood that
required mandatory calculations are completed.
3. If a bare element is necessary (no thermowell), then a note or text label (e.g., SKIN or
BARE) shall be added. Text shall be placed outside the symbol in the lower right.
4. Unless the loop association is not readily apparent (e.g., dual elements), thermal
elements (TEs) or temperature-measuring elements shall not be shown with a
symbol or tag.

7.2.6 Purge and Flush

1. Process connection purge and flush requirements shall be shown for measuring
devices, where applicable, in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A.
2. Purge media and pressure shall be included.
3. Detailed hardware associated with purge/flush (e.g., rotameters) shall be
shown on installation details, auxiliary P&IDs, or cover sheets.

7.2.7 Air Supplies

1. Air supplies to individual devices shall not generally be shown.
2. Air supplies to solenoids or other special applications shall be shown as needed to
clarify valve porting or operation (e.g., trip solenoids or pneumatic hand switches).
3. Air volume tanks for control valves and their associated PSVs (pressure safety valve)
shall be shown on the P&ID or on an auxiliary P&ID.

7.2.8 Process Analyzers

1. Analyzer sample points return lines and connections shall be shown.
2. Analyzer piping shall be labeled in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A.
3. Analyzer tubing shall be labeled with size and the applicable instrument piping and
tubing system specification from PHR-PIM-SPC-105300, PHR-PIM-SPC-105112, and
PHR-PIM-SPC-105113.
4. Sampling system hardware shall be shown on analyzer or other auxiliary drawings.
5. A single stream analyzer shall be shown on the same P&ID as its sample point.
6. Multi-stream analyzers shall be shown only once with off-page connectors
from/to the multiple sample points/returns.
7. Sample connections that supply/return samples to/from multiple analyzers shall be
shown only once, with continuations to/from other analyzers.
8. Measured components shall be shown at the upper left of each analyzer or sample
point bubble as required.
9. Winterization and heat tracing requirements shall be shown for
analyzers and instrumentation
Note: The insulation type code should be placed at the lower left of the bubble.

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7.2.9 Indicators
1. All transmitters shall have integral indicators. A single bubble and tag (e.g. level
transmitter [LT]) shall be used.
2. If separate devices are used for the transmitter and the indicator (e.g., a remotely
located indicator), separate bubbles and tags (e.g., LT and level indicator [LI]) shall
be shown.

7.2.10 Level Gauges

1. Level and gauge glasses shall be shown with the appropriate symbol and tag.
2. For level and gauge glasses, a single function (one bubble and tag) may be used
regardless of the number of individual sections required to span the length.

Note: For clarification, a text label or note may be used to define the number of sections.
3. Separate bubbles and tags shall be shown for redundant gauge glasses or for
applications with separate taps (e.g., overlapping gauges).
4. The distance between level gauge connections shall not be shown.

7.3 Valves
7.3.1 General
1. Valves shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127A.
Note: The symbols for automated valve bodies and for manual valves are identical.
2. The appropriate actuator symbols (e.g., diaphragm and piston) shall be used to
distinguish automated valves from manual valves. (Reference [ICM] GB-J15127B.)

Note: Typically, a throttling control valve is shown with a diaphragm actuator

and an on/off valve is shown with a cylinder/piston actuator, regardless of
actual type.
3. The symbols shown in [ICM] GB-J15127B shall be used for pressure and
temperature regulators.

7.3.2 Automated Valves

4. Automated valve fail actions shall be shown with text (fail closed [FC]/FO/fail last
[FL]/fail indeterminate [FI]) in accordance with ISA-5.1. (Reference Section 4.5.5.)
Using stem arrows as outlined in ISA-5.1 shall be prohibited.
5. For multi-port automated valves, FL and FI shall be used where appropriate.
a. FO and FC shall not be used.
b. Instead, arrows shall be used to show fail position flow paths.

Note: Multiple arrows may be required.

6. Valves with different fail actions for loss of signal and for loss of motive power shall
require an explanatory note.
7. Valve body sizes shall be shown for all automated valves if not line sized or
otherwise implied. (Reference Section 4.5.5.)
8. Automated valve specifications or commodity codes shall not be shown.
9. For automated valves, tight shut-off requirements shall be identified by
using the abbreviation “TSO.” (Reference Section 4.5.5.)

Note: TSO defines the seat shutoff requirements for a new valve. Testing

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requirements, if any, are defined in other unit operation documents.

7.3.3 Identifying Tags

1. Valve identifying tags with bubbles shall be shown, even where the associated loop
tag is readily apparent.
2. An identifying tag with a bubble shall be shown for split-range valves, self-
contained regulators, or valves located on a separate P&ID from their controller.
(Reference Section 4.2.3.)
3. The ranges (e.g., 0–50 percent, 50 –100 percent) shall be shown for split-range
control valves.
Note: The preferred labeling is controller percentage output because it applies to
both pneumatic and electronic systems.
4. Valve positioners shall not be shown unless necessary to clarify loop operation (e.g., if
used with trip solenoids or pneumatic trip relays). If shown, valve positioners shall
normally be included with the automated valve symbol and shall not be tagged.
5. If engineered as a separate item from the control valve, current to pneumatic (I/P)
converters shall be shown with a bubble symbol, tag, and function box only if furnished
and mounted separately from the control valve, or if used with a trip solenoid valve.

7.3.4 Solenoid Valves

1. Solenoids that actuate final control elements (e.g., trip valves and pneumatic relays)
shall be shown.
2. Solenoid valve fail actions shall be shown using a directional arrow indicating the open
flow path if de-energized.

Note: A four-way solenoid valve requires two directional arrows to adequately define
the flow paths.
3. Resets (manual or remote) shall be shown if included with the solenoid valve.
4. Normally energized (NE) or normally de-energized (NDE) shall be displayed beside
the solenoid symbol on the P&ID to denote whether the solenoid is energized or de-
energized during normal operation. NE or NDE designations may be omitted for
cyclical and batch processes.

7.3.5 Limit Switches

1. Limit switches on automated valves shall be identified with a bubble and tag.
2. Limit switches on diverter valves may be tagged as position limit switches ZST and ZSD
per the instrument identification table in PHR-ICM-SPC-106033 for the through and
divert positions.
3. Automated valve auxiliaries (e.g., hand wheels, volume tanks, nitrogen backup bottles)
shall be shown.
4. Typical details shall be used to reduce clutter.
5. A note shall be used to identify the need for valve travel stops.
6. Setpoints on process regulators shall be shown.

7.3.6 Safety/Relief Devices

7. Relief devices and conservation vents shall be shown and tagged in accordance
with PHR-[ICM]-GB-10J15127B (e.g., PSE, pressure-vacuum safety valve
[PVSV], and PSV).

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8. Optional explanatory text may be used for clarification of the type and function of the
device (e.g., emergency relief, conservation vent, explosion panel) located next to the
tag. (Reference Section 4.2.6.)
9. PSE shall be used only for safety related service.
Note: PSV and PVSV typically refer to reclosing devices. PSE typically refers
to non-reclosing devices (i.e., rupture discs, buckling pin relief device).
The
designations PSV (pressure relief) and PVSV (combination pressure and vacuum
relief) apply to all valves intended to protect against emergency pressure
conditions regardless of whether the valve construction and mode of operation
place them in the category of the safety valve, relief valve, or safety relief valve.
(See ISA-5.1, Table 1, Note 8.)
10. The relief device set pressure shall be shown. PSVSs shall display both pressure and
vacuum set pressures.
11. The relief device size shall be shown as follows:
a. PSVs—inlet size and outlet size.
b. Rupture discs—disc diameter.
c. Buckling pin PSE—inlet size and outlet size.
d. Conservation vents—inlet nozzle size if there is not a pipe away or tail piece,
otherwise, show inlet size and outlet size.
e. Explosion panels—surface area or dimensions.
12. The orifice size letter designation for relief valves shall be shown between the inlet and
outlet sizes (e.g., 3K4).
13. The relief device sizing basis or flow capacity shall not be shown.
14. The materials of construction for relief devices shall not be shown.
15. The pressure rating (e.g., ASME Class) and MDMT shall be shown.

7.3.7 Wireless Devices

Wireless devices shall be drawn in the P&ID as shown in Figure 1:

7.3.8 Equipment Start/Stops

1. Local start/stop hand switches for motors shall be shown.

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2. Control room (PCS or panel board) hand switches shall be shown with the appropriate
bubble symbol and tag.
3. Hand switch positions or functions shall be labeled.
a. Labels shall be located outside the bubble symbol, on the upper right, using the
standard text abbreviations shown in [ICM] GB-J15127C.
b. Others labels shall be spelled out.
4. Required feedback signals or functions (e.g., valve positions, run lights) shall be
clearly shown.

7.3.9 Soft Points

1. Auxiliary P&IDs shall be required to document all soft points displayed on the PCS or
other human-machine interface (HMI).
2. Soft points may be a significant portion (e.g. as much as 50 percent of the total HMI
point count) and represent a significant configuration and programming effort.
3. The number of auxiliary P&IDs may be reduced by using typical details
and/or cross-referencing other project documents, such as third-party
Supplier drawings.

7.3.10 Valve Interlock Systems

Note: The types of interlock system are based on the principle of key exchange. The lock is
arranged such that valves can only be operated in a predetermined sequence from
locked open to locked closed or locked closed to locked open that is designed to
maintain production, availability, and safety of systems. The lock mechanism is
designed to ensure that valves are always either fully open or fully closed.

Generally, the system is based on operating principle of one key free when valve
is locked closed and the other key free when valve is locked open. This type of
interlock system is designed to mechanically interlock two pressure safety valves
(PSVs) having two block valves to prevent isolation of both the relief valves at the
same time.
4. A valve interlock shall include a dual-key assembly or locking mechanism that locks the
valve in two positions (OPEN or CLOSE) with one key trapped within the lock assembly
and one key free.
5. To change the positions of the valve (OPEN to CLOSE or CLOSE to OPEN), two keys shall
be required to be inserted into the lock assembly with the free key capable or being
released only when the valve is in the OPEN or CLOSE position.
6. The normal operating condition shall be as shown in Figure 2.
7. A valve interlock with trapped key shall be as shown in Figure 3.

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Figure 2: Valve Inter

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7.3.11 Interlocks and Alarms

1. Interlocks shall be shown only symbolically on the P&ID. An exception shall be made
when the logic is simple (e.g., involving a single AND GATE or an OR GATE).
2. The functional definition shall be shown on auxiliary documents (e.g., binary logic
diagrams, descriptive narratives, truth tables).
3. Logic functions or interlocks shall be shown with the proper symbols in accordance
with Section 7.1.
4. Binary logic gates, input/output tables, or descriptive narratives shall not normally be
shown on the P&IDs due the complexity of the interlocks and documentation
requirements set forth in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119, ISA 84.00.01, PHR-ICM-DTL-106003,
PHR-ICM-DTL-106025, and
PHR-ICM-DTL-105088.
5. Logic function and interlock symbols may contain an identification that provides
reference to a unique logic diagram, narrative, truth table, or program.
a. The reference shall be located within the interior of the symbol.
b. The format of the reference shall be determined by Owner.
c. Descriptive text or a note reference may be placed outside the symbol.
6. If safety instrumented systems (SISs) are distinguished from other interlock
systems, a common method shall be to add an “S” prefix to the unique interlock
identification.
Note: PHR-ICM-DTL-106025 and PHR-ICM-SPC-106033 may provide additional
guidance with respect to SIS depiction.
7. If interlocks are uniquely labeled, a serial (not parallel) tagging scheme shall be used
(i.e., no duplicate numbers between safety and other interlocks).
Note: A valid tagging scheme could be I-100 then I-101, other scheme can be SI-200,
then SI-201. The scheme where a regular interlock as I-100 and a safety
interlock with the same sequential number as SI-100 should not be used.
8. The type of logic solver hardware or level of redundancy shall not be shown except
through the normal use of ISA symbols and the input and output signals described in
Section 7.1 and PHR-[ICM]-GTB-10J15127B through PHR-[ICM]-GTB-10J15127G.
9. Classifications or safety integrity levels (SILs) shall not be shown for interlocks.
10. Operator-initiated interlock trip and reset hand switches shall be shown.
11. If used, bypass hand switches for SIS interlocks shall be shown, including individual
initiator and system bypass switches.
Note: Unnecessary clutter can be avoided by using a table or reference note if
large numbers of bypasses are necessary.
12. Hardwired alarms shall be shown.
13. Alarms that require engineering or other review and acceptance based on
safety or operability shall be shown.
14. Hardware-based diagnostic alarms shall be shown.
15. Software-based diagnostic alarms shall be shown on the main P&ID only if
safety or operationally related (e.g., defined in safety reviews).
Note: For example, measurement out-of-range alarms are an example of
software diagnostic alarms not generally shown, except on auxiliary
P&IDs or typical details.
16. Required alarms shall be shown with tag and level (e.g., pressure high alarm [PAH]),
but alarm trip points or settings shall not be shown.
17. For alarms based on analog measurements, the functional tag (e.g., pressure

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indicator [PI]) shall be shown inside the bubble and the alarm levels shall be shown
outside the bubble.
18. High alarms (e.g., high [H], high-high [HH]) shall be placed at the upper right, outside
the bubble, and low alarms (e.g., low [L], low-low [LL]) shall be placed at the lower
right, outside the bubble.
Note: The alarm modifier (A) should not be shown. Values are typically not shown on
the P&IDs; values are only added in form of a note, if it provides clarity to the
control logic for Operator.
19. For discrete alarm points (on/off signals), the complete functional tag and alarm
level (e.g., PAH) shall be shown inside the bubble.
20. Standard abbreviations shall be used for both trip and alarm functions (e.g., level
switch high-high [LSHH] and level alarm high-high [LAHH]).

7.3.12 Independent Protection Layer (IPL)

1. A double-lined circle, square or IPL label designation shall be used to depict all
instrument-based IPLs identified from IPL analysis, with the exception of pressure
relief devices (PRDs) and pressure vacuum relief valves (PVRVs).
2. For an IPL of a PCS control loop, a double-lined symbol or an IPL designation shall be
used for the sensing element, PCS logic solver, and final control element.
Note: In Figure 4, an IPL consists of flow indicating transmitter, flow indicating
controller, and final control element. The flow controller produces a flow
high alarm.

Figure 4: Presentations of IPL on P&ID

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3. For an IPL alarm with operator mitigation response, a double-lined circle, square or IPL
label designation shall be used to depict the initiating sensing element, logic solver,
and final control element. If applicable, a single line symbol shall be used for SIS
interlock group symbol.
Note: In Figure 5, an IPL consists of pressure transmitter PIT-201 and a pressure
indicator PI-201 with a high and high-high alarm. The pressure alarm high-high
is tie to SIS interlock S-101.

Figure 5: Independent Protection Layer with Operator Mitigation

101

HH set @ 275 psig

PI H
201

PIT
201

7.3.13 Alarm Convention

Note: Absolute limit alarms are generated when process variables exceed pre-defined
alarm settings. They are most commonly used to detect process conditions that are
approaching an absolute limit, such as a relief setting or abnormal operating
situations.
1. PVHigh and PVLow are the most common alarm types. They are set based on
equipment operational limits and not as a substitute for process monitoring. Alarm
causes, consequences, and specific operator mitigating actions shall be defined during
the alarm objectives analysis (AOA).
2. PVHigh-High and PVLow-Low are only used as second level of alarms, if absolutely
necessary. They are typically assigned a lower priority to the alarm that comes first
(see PHR-ICM-DTL-105088). Alarm causes, consequences, and specific operator
mitigating actions shall be defined during the AOA.
3. PVHigh-High and PVLow-Low are associated with a shutdown, interlock, or as a
critical alarm. They should be assigned a value and unit of measure.
Note: In Figure 6, level indication, LI-101, resides in the process control system and
has four associated alarmslow-low, low, high, and high-high. The level alarm
low-low is set at 5 percent. The level alarm high-high is set at 80 percent.

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Figure 6: Alarm Location in Process Bubble

HH @ 80 percent
LI H

101 LL @ 5 percent

7.3.14 PCS Points

1. A PCS point shall be shown if operations manipulate the process with it, receive
information from it, or if the point is essential to understanding the functional
operation of the process controls.
Note: It is not necessary for every point configured in a PCS to be shown. It is not
necessary for implied functions (e.g., I for indicate, R for recorder) to be included
in every PCS point tag. It is not the intent of this section to define which PCS
points to show for every Supplier of a PCS or each type of system that can
communicate with a PCS via a software link (e.g., analyzer data highways, anti-
surge control systems, vibration monitoring systems, SISs, PLCs, tank gauging
systems). Application of these requirements to specific systems will determine
which PCS points to show.
PCS points not shown may be displayed on special-purpose auxiliary drawings.
2. PCS points that indicate measured process values, including both analog and digital
values obtained from hardwired inputs or via software links, shall be shown (e.g.,
flows, temperatures, pressures, compositions from analyzers, and valve open/closed
status).
3. PCS points that exist solely to transmit input signals from field hardware to other PCS
points shall not be shown (e.g., a flow indicator point shall not be shown if the value is
represented by a flow controller point on the P&ID).
4. PCS points that manipulate analog or digital output hardware devices shall be
shown (e.g., flow, temperature and pressure controllers, hand switches, and
logic points).
5. PCS points that exist solely to transmit control signals from other PCS points to
field hardware shall not be shown (e.g., analog and digital output points).
6. PCS points that operations employ to manipulate the process via the basic process
control system (BPCS) shall be shown (e.g., regulatory controllers and pump
start/stop switches).
7. PCS points that provide operations an interface to manipulate the process through a
software link to other systems shall be shown (e.g., points that interface with
controllers in the linked system and SIS reset hand switches).
8. PCS points that are essential to understanding the operation of the process controls
shall be shown (e.g., selectors in override controls or enthalpy calculators in heat duty
controls).
9. PCS points that are required for regulatory compliance and mechanical integrity needs
shall be shown (e.g., rolling averages for emissions monitoring or compressor
runtimes).
10. PCS points that are necessary to understand the functional operation of process
control schemes shall be shown.

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11. PCS points needed only for implementation shall not be shown (e.g., points that
provide bumpless transfer, initialization, or some logic functions).
12. Higher level control systems (HLCSs) shall not be shown (e.g., model
predictive multivariable control systems).
13. Symbols (e.g., hexagons, footballs) to indicate that a BPCS PCS point is being
manipulated by an HLCS shall not be added.

Note: A P&ID note may be used to reference HLCS details.

14. PCS points that exist solely to facilitate information transfer via a software link shall
not be shown.
15. PCS points that are used solely to log, journal, or time stamp events shall not be shown.
16. Non-process indicators and alarms in locations such as rack rooms and MCCs on
auxiliary P&IDs shall be shown.
17. Indicators such as loss of power supply or uninterruptible power supply (UPS) power,
loss of cabinet fans, and smoke alarms shall be considered.

7.3.15 Miscellaneous
1. The following information shall be specifically excluded:
a. Controller actions.
b. Controller and alarm set points.
c. Configuration information (e.g., controller or output actions, address information).
2. Miscellaneous instrument symbols shall be shown in accordance with [ICM] GB-J15127B.
3. Typical details illustrating the use of implied tags shall be shown in accordance
with [ICM] GB-J15127E. Additional standard details are shown on [ICM] GB-
J15127D, [ICM] GB-J15127F, and [ICM] GB-J15127G.

8.0 Appendices Summary

The appendices of this specification contain legend sheets of commonly used
symbols, abbreviations, and other identifiers, typical details, and example P&IDs.
1. Appendix A duplicates the table of contents from PIP PIC001, Appendix A, which
contains individual symbols and text grouped by function.
a. PIP PIC001 is intended to augment and not replace [ICM] GB-J15127A
through [ICM] GB-J15127J.
b. The symbols and text shown in PIP PIC001 are the same size as would be used
for a 22 × 34-inch (size D) P&ID.
2. The cover sheets found in [ICM] GB-J15127A through [ICM] GB-J15127J give detailed
clarification on symbols, tagging, line designation, and other useful information for
P&ID development.
3. Appendix B contains an example of what data attributes the Supplier should be
recording in intelligent P&ID databases to have proper asset management for all
devices and pieces of equipment.
4. Appendix C contains an example P&ID that illustrates the text and uses the symbols
and abbreviations on the cover sheets.
Note: The cover sheets and P&IDs are drawn as 22 × 34-inch (size D) P&IDs, but
reduced for electronic distribution purposes. It is recommended that the cover
sheets and P&IDs be printed on 11 × 17-inch (size B [tabloid]) pages.
5. Appendix D contains guidelines for the preparation of PFDs, UFDs, MFDs, and MSDs.

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9.0 Appendix A
9.1 Tables and Symbols
9.1.1 Additional Tables and Symbols
The table of contents from PIP PIC001, Appendix A (Figure 7) contains additional tables
and symbols that may be used to supplement [ICM] GB-J15127A through [ICM] GB-
J15127J.
Figure 7: PIP PIC001 Table of Contents
A.1 Format Tables and Symbols
1. Abbreviations
2. Miscellaneous Symbols
A.2 Equipment Tables and Symbols
1. Pumps
2. Compressors and Blowers
3. Drivers and Agitator/Mixer
4. TEMA Type Exchangers
5. Miscellaneous Exchangers
6. Storage Tanks
7. Storage Tanks
8. Storage Sphere and Furnace
9. Miscellaneous Vessel Details
10. Jacketed Pressure Vessels
A.3 Piping Tables and Symbols
1. Line Data Identification
2. Line Service Codes
3. Piping Line Symbols
4. Valve Symbols
5. Piping Specialty Items
6. Piping Fittings
7. Connectors and Tie-In Symbol
8. Drain Connectors
9. Notes
A.4 Instruments and Controls Tables and Symbols
1. Instrument Identification Letters
2. General Instrument Symbols
3. Instrument Function Symbols
4. Instrument Line Symbols
5. Primary Element Symbols (Flow)
6. Control Valve Actuator Symbols
7. Self-Actuated Devices
8. Miscellaneous Instrument Symbols

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9.2 Standard Tagging Convention

1. SPI and other automated database software require defined tag types. The tables
shown in PHR-ICM-DTL-105152 shall be used to document the agreed-upon
conventions.
Note: It is important to be aware of the software package limitations, such as the
number of entries in the tag type tables.
2. Tagging shall adhere to requirements in PHR-ICM-SPC-106033.

9.3 Soft Point Template

1. Additional logic and variables, which may not be displayed on the P&ID or P&ID
cover sheets, shall be used. These shall include internal logic in the PCS as well as
SIS and auxiliary systems such as MCCs and third-party PLCs that are connected to
the PCS via communication links.
2. The information from these systems shall follow conventions in PHR-ICM-SPC-
106033 wherever possible.
3. Plans for the program organization, tagging, and interfaces to other systems
shall be developed and accepted by the Owner.
a. Inputs and outputs to programming functions and function blocks shall have
addressable variable names.
b. These shall include transmitter ranges, input filtering values, out-of-range fault
settings, reset commands, startup bypasses generated by logic, intermediate
calculations, clamped or substituted values, rolling averages, rate-of-change
alarms, etc.

10.0 Appendix B Intelligent P&ID Minimum Data Attributes and Key

Deliverables
In most facilities or projects, P&IDs are developed by intelligent systems (i.e., AutoCAD,
SPPID). These systems have the ability to contain attributes (metadata) that are useful for
the management of assets as well as the generation of reports. The purpose of this appendix
is to give a comprehensive guide of the minimum deliverables that may be produced with
these intelligent tools as well as the minimum requirements necessary for proper asset
management.

10.1 Key Deliverables in P&IDs

The key deliverables in P&IDs shall include the following:
1. P&ID.
2. Line list.
3. Valve list (bulk, special valves, emergency shutdown valve [ESDV], etc.).
4. Control valve list.
5. Equipment nozzle list.
6. Equipment list.
7. Instrument list.
8. Specialty item list (commodity).

10.2 Minimum Fields

When using an intelligent P&ID software solution, Supplier shall adhere to the following

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items as minimum requirements for database population. Any additional requirements

shall be submitted to the Owner for acceptance and additional guidance.
1. Instrument tag number properties, including the following:
a. Instrument tag.
b. Measured variable code (P – pressure, F – flow, etc.).
c. Loop number.
d. Plant group name (plant, area, unit).
e. Instrument location.
f. Service description.
g. Material code (i.e., J300).
h. Instrument type (FT – vortex).
i. Expansion qualifier / label (TT will create a TW and TE; control valve designator such
as FV will create FY, etc.).
j. Plant work breaks structure code (process, utilities, etc.).
k. Process data conditions (pressure, temperature, flow), including the following:
1. Design.
2. Operating.
l. Rating.
m. Set points.
n. Alarm points / flags.
o. Fail action.
p. PRV set ranges.
q. Heat traced.
r. Insulation information.
s. Coating requirements.
t. Manufactured by.
u. Model number.
v. Signal types (soft, electrical, pneumatic, digital, foundation fieldbus, etc.).
w. Power requirements.
2. Piping properties, including the following:
a. Pipe name.
b. Pipe sequence number.
c. To/ from pipe connectors.
d. Fluid type.
e. Fluid medium.
f. Fluid phase.
g. Process data conditions (pressure, temperature, flow) , including the following:
1. Design.
2. Operating.
h. Mass density (base, maximum, minimum, normal).
i. Mass flow rate (maximum, minimum, normal).
j. Molecular weight (base, maximum, minimum, normal).
k. Specific gravity (base, maximum, minimum, normal).
l. Vapor pressure.
m. Piping material class.
n. Piping schedule.
o. Piping design code.
p. Line service.

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q. Rating.
r. NACE requirement.
s. Corrosive.
t. Erosive.
u. Nominal diameter.
v. External diameter.
w. Schedule thickness.
x. Reinforce wall.
y. Pipe insulation.
z.Testing conditions.
aa. Bulk Item code.
3. Rotating equipment properties, including the following:
a. Equipment tag.
b. Equipment location.
c. Plant group name (plant, area, unit).
d. Service description.
e. Equipment type.
f. Fluid code.
g. Equipment class.
h. Process data conditions (pressure, temperature, flow), including the following:
1. Design.
2. Operating.
i. Dimensions.
j. Mechanical rating.
k. Material code.
l. Power driver rated.
m. Rated discharge press.
n. Rated capacity.
o. Power absorbed.
p. Electrical requirement.
q. Heat trace.
r. Coating requirements.
s. Design by.
t. Requisition by.
u. Manufactured by.
v. Construction status.
w. Part number.
x. Catalog name.
4. Exchangers, including the following:
a. Equipment tag.
b. Sequence number.
c. Equipment location.
d. Plant group name (plant, area, unit).
e. Service description.
f. Equipment type.
g. Trim spec.
h. Dimensions.
i. Fluid code.

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j. Equipment class.
k. Process data conditions (pressure, temperature, flow), including the following:
1. Design.
2. Operating.
l. Inlet temperature.
m. Inlet pressure.
n. Outlet temperature.
o. Outlet pressure.
p. Dimensions.
q. Material class tube.
r. Material class shell.
s. Insulation type.
t. Insulation purpose.
u. Insulation thickness.
v. Insulation density.
w. Insulation temperature.
x. Heat trace medium.
y. Corrosion allowance tube.
z. Corrosion allowance shell.
1. Motor power per fan.
2. Number of fans.
3. Number of bays.
4. Numberof bundles.
5. Number of tubes.
6. Shell diameter.
7. ube length.
8. Draft type.
9. Cleaning requirements
10. Coating requirements. kk. Design by.
11. Requisition by.
12. Manufactured by.
13. Construction status
14. Part number.
15. Catalog name.
5. Vessels, including the following:
a. Equipment tag.
b. Sequence number.
c. Equipment location.
d. Plant group name (plant, area, unit).
e. Service description.
f. Equipment type.
g. Fluid code.
h. Equipment class.
i. Equipment rating.
j. Dimensions.
k. Process data conditions (pressure, temperature, flow), including the following:
1. Design.
2. Operating.

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l. Liquid level normal.

m. Liquid level high.
n. Liquid level low.
o. Liquid level overflow.
p. Volume.
q. Insulation type.
r. Insulation purpose.
s. Insulation spec.
t. Insulation thickness source.
u. Insulation thickness.
v. Insulation density.
w. Insulation temperature.
x. Heat trace medium.
y. Heat trace medium.
z. Nozzle name.
1. Nozzle size.
2. Nozzlerating.
3. Cleaning requirements.
4. Coating requirements.
5. Corrosion allowance.
6. Design by.
7. Requisition by.
8. Manufactured by.
9. Construction status.
10. Part number.
11.Catalog name.
6. General/miscellaneous, including the following:
a. Expansion details.
b. Smart labels, including the following:
1. Properties.
2. Expansions.
c. Symbol properties.
d. Area breaks / work breakdown structure (WBS).
e. Construction status.
f. Design conditions (pressure, temperature, flow, etc.).
g. Insulation.
h. Total insulation thickness.
i. Heat trace.
j. Coating requirement.
k. Fluid properties.

10.3 Intelligent P&ID Parameters to SPI

If SPI is used in conjunction with an intelligent P&ID software solution, the set of data
attributes that will be passed over to SPI shall include the following as a minimum:
1. Instrument tag.
2. Measured variable code (P – pressure, F – flow, etc.).
3. Loop number.
4. Plant group name (plant, area, unit).

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5. Instrument location.
6. Service description.
7. Material code (i.e. J300).
8. Instrument type (FT – vortex).
9. Expansion qualifier / label (TT will create a TW and TE; control valve designator such as
FV will create FY, etc.).
10. Plant work break structure code (process, utilities, etc.).
11. Process data conditions (pressure, temperature, flow), including the following:
a. Design.
b. Operating.
12. Rating.
13. Set points.
14. Alarm points / flags.
15. Fail action.
16. PRV set ranges.
17. Heat traced.
18. Insulation information.
19. Coating requirements.
20. Manufactured by.
21. Model number.
22. Signal types (soft, electrical, pneumatic, digital, foundation fieldbus, etc.)
23. Power requirements.

10.4 SPI Parameters to Intelligent P&IDs

If SPI is used in conjunction with an intelligent P&ID solution, the data parameters that
shall be validated against the P&IDs shall adhere to the following as a minimum:
24. Instrument index (instrument tag takeoff).
25. Tag number.
26. Measured variable.
27. Location.
28. Instrument class.
29. Service.
30. Measured variable.
31. Piping material class.
32. Loop function.
33. Loop name.
34. Alarm points
35. Set points.

11.0 Appendix C Example P&IDs

Note: The sample P&ID shown in Figure 8 is not all-inclusive of the potential uses of
implied components. The user must ensure that the cover sheets capture the
piping/instrument requirements for the use of implied components. Many more
systems may require a cover sheet explanation to show the implied components—
pump seals, sampling systems, and analyzer systems, for example, as well as other
types of level systems not shown here.

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Figure 8: Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Representation

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12.0 Appendix D Preparation of Process Flow Diagrams and Material Flow

Diagrams
12.1 Drawing Requirements
1. As dictated by job requirements, the following types of drawings shall be prepared:
a. PFD (includes UFD).
b. MFD (includes MSD).
c. P&ID.
2. Typical flow diagram contents shall be as shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Typical Flow Diagram Contents

Item Description PFD MFD P&ID

Major Equipment Items Required Required Required

Major Control Loops Required Required Required

Heat and Material Balance (H&MB) Streams Required

Temperature, Pressure, and Flow Flags Required Required

Major Startup/Shutdown Lines Required Required

Materials of Construction Required Required

Detailed Controls (all loops) Required

Equipment Configuration/Spares Required

Equipment Sizes Required

Relief Valves Required

Emergency Isolation and Depressuring Valves Required

Startup/Shutdown Lines (all) Required

Process Vents and Drains Required

Utility Connections Required

Line Sizes and Specs Required

PSV Set Pressures and Sizes Required

Instrument Numbers Required

Valve Sizes and Specs Required

Special Flushing, Purging, and Lube Systems Required

Vessel Trim and Liquid Levels Required

Sample Locations and Details Required

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12.2 Line Weights

1. Lines shall be as short and direct as possible.
2. Crossing lines shall be minimized.
3. Major flow lines shall be heavier than minor flow lines.
4. Line weights shall be in accordance with Section 4.4.
5. Line break priorities shall be as shown in Table 4:

Table 4: Line Break Prioritization

Priority Description of Break

1 Equipment (lines do not cross equipment)

2 Horizontal major process lines

3 Vertical major process lines

4 Horizontal minor process lines

5 Vertical minor process lines

6 Horizontal utility lines

7 Vertical utility lines

8 Instrument lines

6. Major lines shall normally be operating lines that have continuous process flows.
7. Continuous injections (chemical, steam, water, etc.) and blowdown streams shall be
shown as major lines on P&IDs but minor lines on PFDs and MFDs.
8. Minor lines shall be alternate process, spare process, bypass, utility, and sporadic
services. Sporadic services shall include the following:
a. Startup.
b. Shutdown.
c. Pumpout.
d. Emergency and intermittent chemical, steam, or water injections.
e. Steamout.
f. Purge.
g. Decoking.
h. Regeneration
i. Depressuring
j. Flushing.
k. Intermittent blowdown.
l. Sample streams.
9. Flare, condensate, and heating and cooling media (except cooling water) piping, which
are required for process control, are considered process piping for determining the
weight of the line.

12.3 Process Flow Diagrams

12.3.1 Purpose

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PFDs shall be prepared for most process designs to principally serve the following purposes:
1. Define items of major equipment in each plant section and illustrate process
interconnections between them. Thus, flow of process is illustrated for use with process
descriptions.
2. Define limits of responsibility between parties involved.
3. Illustrate basic control strategies. These are referred to by some write-ups that discuss
system control if exact instrument numbers are not required.
4. Provide a guide to heat and material balance (H&MB), showing each stream
number corresponding to stream data on H&MB.
5. Use as basis for auxiliary drawings, such as MFDs.

12.3.2 Content
Note: Refer to Section D.4.3. An example PFD of a fractionator tower is shown in Figure 6.
1. PFDs shall contain the significant process flow lines in the unit.
2. Utility systems should not be shown on PFDs but shall be shown on UFDs.
a. PFDs shall show only the service system required at specific equipment and indicate
the flow rate, temperature, and pressure of required service (e.g., heating or cooling
medium, fuel gas, instrument air, steam, etc.).
b. Service control valves and sensing elements shall be shown on PFDs.
3. Normal operating lines shall be shown.
4. If P&IDs are provided, minor lines such as intermittent flows, startup lines, shutdown
lines, blowdowns, and pump outs, shall not be shown. However, these lines shall be
shown if they are referred to by startup or shutdown descriptions if P&IDs are not
provided.
5. Relief valves shall not be shown.
6. Vents and drains shall not be shown, except to clarify a process description.
7. Only those block valves required for manual control shall be shown.
8. Control valve stations shall be shown as a single gate valve with a generic valve
operator. Drain, isolation, or bypass valves shall not be shown.
9. Controls shall be simplified to illustrate the fundamental control scheme only.
a. Transmitters, relays, recorders, alarms, and switches shall not be shown.
b. Only controllers and their interconnection (e.g., cascaded set points) shall be shown.
c. Location or type of controller shall not be indicated (e.g., computer versus control
panel).
10. Most instrument indicators shall not be shown. Critical instrument indicators not
associated with a controller shall be shown.
11. Process analyzers shall be shown.
12. Spare equipment shall not be shown, but shall be indicated by equipment
number, i.e., P-101A/B. Entire spare or parallel trains may be indicated by a
single note.
13. Normally PFDs shall not contain equipment sizing or materials of construction information.
14. Key temperatures and pressures shall be shown. If required by the project, H&MB
stream data in the notes area of PFD shall be included.
15. Alternatively, PFDs may be drawn so that a complete unit or section of unit is drawn
on a single page. Such overall PFDs may be simplified to allow everything to fit on one
page.
a. Some less important details, instruments, lines, or equipment may be omitted.
b. Pumps and compressors may be drawn at any convenient location instead of on

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the bottom of the page.

c. Equipment names and/or numbers shall be given next to equipment. Equipment
names and numbers shall not be repeated at top or bottom of page.
d. H&MB stream data shall normally be omitted.
16. Liquid residence times shall be shown where this is essential to proper processing
operations.
17. Applicable regulatory licenses (e.g., Alberta Energy Regulator [AER] licenses) shall be
shown.
18. Inlet sources and deliveries shall be shown.

12.4 Material Flow Diagrams

12.4.1 Purpose
MFDs shall serve the following two main purposes:
1. Establish a basic material selection philosophy on the entire process unit before
proceeding beyond PFD design phase.
2. Serve as a master reference for developing data sheets for equipment.

12.4.2 Content
Note: MFDs are overlays of PFDs enhanced with material selection philosophy.
1. Pressures, H&MB stream data, and process notes shown on PFDs shall not be shown
on MFDs.
2. Materials for pressure components of piping and equipment shall be shown.
3. Corrosion allowances shall be established for ferritic steels and for austenitic and other
high alloys requiring more than a minimum allowance.
4. Materials for linings, overlays, and other internal nonpressure components, such as
tower trays and pump trims shall be shown.
5. Special requirements for heat treating and protection of materials, such as
neutralizing washes (e.g., soda ash) or outgassing procedures shall be shown.
6. MSDs shall be in accordance with NACE SP0407.

12.5 Material Callout

1. For equipment, pressure-containing component materials shall be specified. Important
internal component materials, such as tower trays, pump trims, and filter materials, shall
be indicated.
2. For piping, basic material of pressure parts shall be specified, as well as non-standard
valve trims.

Note: For example, 13 Cr trims for ferrous alloy valves need not be indicated. However,
if 316 SS or Monel (Alloy 400) trim is required, it is shown. Whenever trim
requirements differ from those currently specified in piping material line class and
valve descriptions, this should be noted. Where trim requirements match the
requirements currently specified in the piping material line class and valve
descriptions, trim need not be noted on the drawings.
3. Guidance and requirements for material selection, corrosion allowances, and heat
treating may be found in PHR-PIM-SPC-105300, PHR-PIM-SPC-105112, and PHR-PIM-
SPC-105113. However, materials specialists shall be consulted in developing MFDs.
4. An example PFD of a fractionator tower is shown in Figure 9.

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Figure 9: PFD Typical Representation

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