ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEN-YEAR ECOLOGICAL

WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF TUGUEGARAO CITY

A Thesis
Presented to the faculty of the
School of Education Arts and Sciences
University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

In Partial Fulfillment
for the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE WITH LEGAL STUDIES

CALAGUI, JOHN PAULO D.

VILORIA, BABY RICHELLE M.
DERUPE, JANRED BENEDICT J.

May 2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Political
Science with Legal Studies, this study entitled: “ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF TEN-YEAR ECOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF
TUGUEGARAO CITY” has been prepared and submitted by JOHN PAULO D. CALAGUI,
BABY RICHELLE M. VILORIA, AND JANRED BENEDICT J. DERUPE, thus hereby
presented for approval.

DARIN JAN C. TINDOWEN, Ph.D

Research Adviser and Data Analyst

NATALIE KATE C. RAMIREZ, MST

Language Editor

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ____

JENNIFER C. BANGI, MARS

Chairman

CHRISTIAN BOSCH S. TAYLAN HERBERT S. CORPUZ, Ed.D

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts
in Political Science with Legal Studies.

HERBERT S. CORPUZ, Ed.D

Dean, School of Education, Arts, and Science

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | ii

 DEDICATION

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | iii

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | iv

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
Title Page ............................................ i
Approval Sheet ............................................ ii
Dedication ............................................ iii
Acknowledgement ............................................ iv
Table of Contents ............................................ v

ABSTRACT ............................................ 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1
Research Question ........................................ 3
Hypothesis ........................................ 3
Significance of the Study ........................................ 3
Conceptual Framework ........................................ 3
Literature Review ........................................ 4
Research Paradigm ........................................ 8
METHODS ........................................
Research Design ........................................ 9
Locale of the Study ........................................ 9
Respondents of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Research Instruments ........................................ 9
Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Data Analysis ........................................ 10

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

CONCLUSION ......................................... 17
RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................... 18
APPENDICES .........................................
Appendix A – Literature Matrix ................. 22
Appendix B – Questionnaire ................. 44
Appendix C – Adviser’s Acceptance Form ................. 49
Appendix D – Letter to the Vice President for Academics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Appendix E – Letter of Endorsement ................. 52
Appendix F – Data Analysis Certificate ................. 53
Appendix G – Certification of Plagiarism Check ................. 59
Appendix H – Certification of Language Editing ................. 60
Appendix I – Minutes of Thesis Defense ................. 61
Appendix J – Progress Report ................. 62
Appendix K – Photo Documentation ................. 63
Appendix L – Curriculum Vitae ................. 67

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | v

ABSTRACT

The growth rate of Tuguegarao City’s population is increasing due to increase of

number of commercial establishments and expansion of educational and other institutions
which made waste generation and management part of the challenges to the city’s local
governance. To address this pressing challenge, Tuguegarao City formulated and adopted the
Updated Ten (10) - Year Ecological Solid Waste Management Plan in compliance to the
provisions of Republic Act No.9003 otherwise known as Ecological Solid Waste Management
Act of 2000. Despite this law, improper solid waste management is still rampant in the
Philippines, where open and regulated dumping are practiced. This study utilized Quantitative-
Descriptive Method. Eight (8) of the Respondents are Barangay Chairman from different
barangays and randomly selected Eighty (80) residents (10 Residents each barangay) which
served as external validators of the study. As assessed by the Barangay Officials and
Residents, the study concludes that Storage and Set-out encountered several issues and
challenges that can hinder effective waste management practices such as lack of cooperation
and participation of the people, lack of information on proper waste management at source,
residents set-out garbage not on the specified time or schedule and lastly, inadequate number
of waste collection trucks. The segregation of recyclables in solid waste is a critical aspect of
sustainable waste management. However, there are several issues and problems
encountered in the process that hinder its effectiveness such as few households properly
segregate or recycle garbage especially in the urban areas, lack of information on proper
waste management at source, ineffective or unsystematic garbage collection, and non-
existence of revenue generating measures on Ecological Solid Waste Management. Some
issues and problems are encountered in the practice of segregated compostables which
hinder the effective segregation of compostables materials such as inadequate facilities and
manpower and absence of functional Materials Recovery Facility (MRF). Addressing these
issues and implementing appropriate measures, communities can improve the storage and
set-out, segregation of recyclables, and segregation of compostables in solid waste and
contribute to a more sustainable and circular waste management system.

Keywords: Status of Ecological waste management plan, Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act of 2000

INTRODUCTION

The worldwide society recognizes that Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a critical
issue that must be addressed. The aggressive pursuit of economic expansion by developing
nations such as the Philippines has resulted in the production, distribution, and usage of
products, as well as the accumulation of trash, all of which contribute to environmental
degradation and global climate change. The most difficult challenge for authorities in
developing countries, both small and large cities, is solid waste management. This is mostly
due to increased solid waste creation and the resulting budgetary burden on municipalities. In
addition to high costs, solid waste management is linked to a lack of understanding of various
factors that affect the whole handling system (Abdel-Shafy & Mansour, 2018).

The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Republic Act 9003) was
approved on January 26, 2001, and came into effect on February 16, 2001. Ecological Solid
Waste Management under the Law refers to the “systematic administration of activities which
provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing,
treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other waste management activities which do not

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 1

harm the environment”. Local government units (LGUs) all across the Philippines are primarily
responsible for effective and efficient solid waste management. Despite this law, improper
solid waste management is still rampant in the Philippines, where open and regulated dumping
are practiced (Castillo, 2013). This poses significant risks to the country's environment and
public health, including: a) changes in soil physical and chemical properties caused by
percolation of landfill gases (CO2 and CH4) and leachates from unsanitary landfills and open
dumps; b) objectionable odor; and c) soil and groundwater pollution. But the country's most
pressing issue right now is a lack of new dump sites to accommodate the rising amount of
garbage produced by Filipinos. (Castillo, 2013).

The growth rate of Tuguegarao City’s population is increasing due to increase of

number of commercial establishments and expansion of educational and other institutions
which made waste generation and management part of the challenges to the city’s local
governance (ESWMP of Tuguegarao City). To address this pressing challenge, Tuguegarao
City formulated and adopted the Updated Ten (10) - Year Ecological Solid Waste
Management Plan in compliance to the provisions of Republic Act No.9003 otherwise known
as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. The plan promotes a system of optimum
utilization of waste through the practices of re-using, reduction and recycling of waste. It
promotes environmentally sound methods that encourages waste generators to utilize,
conserve and recover valuable resources. It also prescribes appropriate procedure on
handling and disposal of wastes to the facilities designed and intended for particular waste.
The plan shall set the guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction
through source reduction and minimization measures, composting, recycling and re-use before
collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentally-sound solid waste
management facilities (ESWMP of Tuguegarao City). Furthermore, by integrating various solid
waste management plans and strategies from different barangays and stakeholders under its
authority, the Plan will enable long-term solid waste management. The strategy would provide
integrated waste management through the placement of materials recovery facilities (MRF)
strategically at selected sites or at Tuguegarao City Government land field allocation. The
strategy aims to investigate all solutions for transforming Tuguegarao City into a Greater
Green Tuguegarao City via the use of environmentally friendly technologies. The concept
institutionalizes Tuguegarao City people' active participation as responsible waste producers
and waste managers by mandating adherence to environmental laws, rules, and regulations
(ESWMP of Tuguegarao City).

Furthermore, the researchers conducted a pre-survey to know the Status of

Implementation of the Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City
along Collection of Solid Waste. As assessed by Barangay Captains and Residents, the
results revealed that Storage and Set-out and Segregated Recyclables as stipulated under the
Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City are at sometimes
implemented while Segregated Compostable is seldom implemented. Overall, the status of
Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan along collection of Solid Waste is sometimes
implemented when assessed by the Barangay Captains and Residents. Based on the study of
Battung et al. (2022), The findings disclosed that the Solid Waste Management Collection
practices are sometimes implemented. Due to its implementation, the result further revealed
that there is still ailments on Solid Waste Management Collection Practices. There can be
several reasons why the implementation of storage, set-out, and segregated recyclables is
only sometimes practiced.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 2

Research Objectives/Questions

This study is conducted in order to determine the issues and challenges encountered in
the implementation of the Ecological Waste Management Plan under the Republic Act 9003 in
Tuguegarao City. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the Respondents when grouped according to:

a. Educational Background
b. Years of Service
c. Barangay Classification
d. Barangay Geographical Location

2. What are the issues and challenges encountered along:

a. Storage and Set-out

b. Segregated Recyclables
c. Segregated Compostables

3. Is there a significant difference on the Issues and Challenges encountered in the

Implementation of the Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City
when grouped according to profile?

4. Is there a significant difference on the Issues and Challenges encountered in the

Implementation of the Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City
between the Implementers and Residents?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference on the Issues and Challenges encountered in the

Implementation of the Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City when
grouped according to profile.

There is no significant difference on the Issues and Challenges encountered in the

Implementation of the Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City
between the Implementers and Residents.

Significance of the Study

The results of this study will be beneficial to the Local Government Unit of Tuguegarao
City, by providing data derived from the findings about factors associated with compliance with
RA 9003 for the enhancement of policy implementation. Furthermore, this will offer the most
recent information on local government units’ compliance with RA 9003, and highlight the
issues, possibilities, and recommended solutions on how waste management in the city may
be improved and made more sustainable.

This study is also beneficial to the Political Science Students, provided with relevant
data from the findings that could help in raising awareness about RA 9003 and policy
evaluation. The implementation of this act in our community provides them understanding in

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 3

the sense of its application and effects in our society. They can also help in resolving some of
the issues by conducting activities in collaboration with the Local Government Units in order to
maintain cleanliness, and the significant benefits of waste management which is the protection
of the environment and health of the population.

Conceptual Framework

This study focuses on the Collection of Solid Waste component of Tuguegarao

City's Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan.

The City and the Barangays will both share responsibilities for providing waste
collection services. The collecting plan must be organized, hygienic, and economical. The City
must step up collection efforts to ensure effective waste collection and proper disposal in
facilities that are suitable for the task at hand.

For rural barangays, management of biodegradable, compostable and recyclable will be

the responsibility of the Barangays. The City Government, on the other hand, shall collect
residual and special wastes from designated pick-up points in the barangays. An incentives
program for barangays with functional MRFs shall be established to ensure the systematic
management of biodegradable and recyclable waste in rural areas. The City will establish
various redemption areas to buy back the waste.

For urban barangays, collection of segregated wastes shall be the responsibility of both
the City and the barangays for those with space to put up MRF and composting areas. Pick-up
points and schedule for storage and set-out shall be established to ensure the smooth and
systematic collection of solid waste in urban areas. The City shall likewise establish various
redemption areas to buy back the waste.

Only segregated waste shall be collected and shall only be on the date and time
designated for collection. Unauthorized establishment of dumping areas shall be prohibited and
considered as illegal to be dealt with in accordance with law.

Literature Review

Status of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan in the Philippines.

The Philippines has been struggling with waste management for decades, with many
areas facing issues such as inadequate collection, disposal, and recycling. In response, the
Philippine government passed the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
(Republic Act 9003) to address these issues. This law mandates local government units to
implement waste management plans, which includes the adoption of 3R (reduce, reuse,
recycle) programs, and the establishment of materials recovery facilities (MRFs) in each
barangay (village) to manage solid waste. Since the implementation of the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act, there have been significant changes in the waste management
practices in the country. However, the implementation of the law is still facing challenges,
and there are areas that are still struggling to meet the requirements of the law. One study by
Delos Reyes et al. (2018) assessed the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act in the Philippines, particularly in the province of Batangas. The study found
that there was a lack of awareness and understanding of the law and its provisions among
the residents and local government officials. The study also found that there were issues with

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 4

 the proper segregation of waste at the source, inadequate funding for MRFs, and insufficient
public education and awareness programs.

Another study by Ngo and dela Cruz (2020) evaluated the implementation of the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act in Metro Manila. The study found that there were
improvements in waste management practices, such as increased compliance with waste
segregation and the establishment of MRFs. However, the study also identified challenges,
such as inadequate funding and staffing for waste management programs and limited
community participation in waste management activities. Furthermore, a study by Huelgas et
al. (2020) assessed the impact of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act on the waste
management practices in the City of Baguio. The study found that the law has led to
improvements in waste segregation, the establishment of MRFs, and increased recycling
rates. However, the study also identified issues such as the lack of funding for waste
management programs and insufficient enforcement of the law. In conclusion, the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act has made some positive changes in the waste management
practices in the Philippines. However, there are still challenges in its implementation,
particularly in terms of funding, education and awareness, and community participation. More
efforts are needed to fully implement the provisions of the law and to address these
challenges.

Compliance of Public Officials on the Implementation of RA 9003.

Section 10 of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 states that the
segregation and collection of solid waste should take place at the barangay level, particularly
for biodegradable, compostable, and reusable wastes. The municipality or city will be
responsible for the collection of non-recyclable items and special wastes. According to the
findings of a research done in Cebu City, Philippines, the influence of the national mandate
under R.A. No. 9003 is attainable if LGUs ensure supporting institutional mechanisms, strong
political commitment, creative program and local initiatives, partnership building, capacity
development, suitable money / incentives, and continuous performance monitoring and
assessment (Premakumara et al. 2013).

The absence of garbage segregation at the home level indicates that the municipality
of Tanauan's solid waste management is problematic. This is because there are no local
policies, institutional frameworks, or information and education activities. This simply
indicates that the mandate of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, reducing,
reusing, and recycling, is not being executed, and this is a failure of the local government unit
(Ibaez, Torrentira 2022). Furthermore, researchers have found that the country is still dealing
with solid waste management issues today, despite a legislation issued 19 years ago, owing
to a lack of political will as a result of shifting political parties, the rapid increase of population
growth, and inefficient resources (Guisansana, et al. 2020).

Awareness of Citizens on Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000.

The sustainability of any Solid Waste Management plan's effectiveness is primarily

controlled by the determination of local institutions and families to modify their behavior,
particularly with regard to Solid Waste Management (Rola, 2019). Hasan (2011) agrees with
Dasa's statement that public knowledge and engagement, in addition to suitable laws, strong
technical assistance, and enough financing, are essential for a successful Solid Waste
Management program. According to Amasuomo (2015), participation is dependent on the
level of understanding and knowledge of the legislation. Punongbayan (2014) stated that

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 5

involvement is essential for a successful waste management program. It is an essential
component in the successful application of SWM techniques. Similarly, enough staff and
budget, as well as stringent enforcement, are required for RA 9003 implementation
(Dataman, 2012). According to Asase (2009), implementing strong law both from national
and local levels to guide waste management decisions and strategies is very important.

Based on the findings of the study, households were “slightly aware” of different solid
waste management programs, the City has “not given much priority” in informing the public
on the different SWM programs; also, its implementation in terms of information and
dissemination were “slightly effective.” The results of these findings will help LGU, NGOs and
other stakeholders in enhancing policies on Solid Waste Management problems specifically,
issues in terms of information dissemination. This will give rise to a better, more effective,
sustainable and culturally acceptable Solid Waste Management developmental plan that will
alleviate City’s problem on waste (Nolasco, et al. 2019).

Collaborative Participation Between Citizens and Public Officials on the

Implementation of RA. 9003.

The effectiveness of a Solid Waste Management program primarily depends on the

collaborative efforts of people from many sectors of the community sharing common
knowledge of properly managing waste and complying by the law. The researchers
recognized the need for a more intensified awareness campaign on Solid Waste
Management as necessary to promote environmental stewardship among community
members since public awareness on Solid Waste Management is a critical component of any
Solid Waste Management program that enables proper understanding of waste management
issues. Increased awareness of people leads to better participation in SWM activities leading
to better perception and attitudes towards environmental issues that stimulates full
compliance to SWM law (Tadema et al. 2022).

The results of this study shown that in general, the SWM ordinances have a weak
implementation in Cabuyao City. This is usually due to the miscoordination or the lack of
cooperation between the LGUs and the residents. When one fails to do their job, the other
also fails which only leads to a cycle of blame and unaccountability on both sides. The
residents blame the government and their political interests for the lack of proper bins,
facilities, and inefficient SWM while the LGUs insist that the people are also at fault because
they do not comply. The same can be seen in the compliance of both the LGUs and the
residents to the ordinances and the RA 9003 (Bernardo, et al. 2019).

The generation of solid wastes in the households is inevitable, and so it is imperative

that families, together with government units and agencies, are made accountable in the
successful implementation of waste management initiatives. Results showed that the
participating households are ill-informed about the various aspects of waste management. It
was also found out that minimal effort is done in reusing and recycling of waste materials
among households. Participants also demonstrated beliefs and practices that are
environmentally unacceptable or unfriendly. Consequently, these beliefs and practices have
resulted in the careless disposal of wastes among people since strict monitoring and
implementation of SWM has not been prioritized (Limon, et al. 2020).

Guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance through source reduction and waste
minimization measures

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 6

 The Philippines, through the implementation of Republic Act 9003, adopts an
ecological solid waste management program that would involve systematic and
comprehensive approaches and procedures. The provisions of the law would require
environmentally-sound methods that optimize the utilization of resources and encourage
resources conservation and recovery; set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance
and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures; ensure
the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste
through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste
management; and encourage greater private sector participation in SWM; among others.

The enforcement of the law places greater burden on the hands of the local
government units in finding ways and means in improving solid waste management at the
local level. At the municipality and barangay levels, the local government units need to
provide the leadership and persistence in ensuring that waste avoidance and reduction are in
place. Local ordinances that provide enabling mechanism for the effective implementation of
national law, are important in promoting compliance with solid waste management rules and
regulations. Complementing with the issuance of the ordinance, information and education
campaign should be undertaken as a support mechanism (Magalang 2013).

Research Paradigm

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Profile of the Status of Issues and
Respondents when Implementation of challenges
grouped according Solid Waste encountered in
to profile: Management Plan the
when assessed by implementation
Barangay Official Barangay Officials of Solid Waste
and Residents Management
a. Educational along with: Plan in
Background Tuguegarao City.
b. Years of Service Collection of Solid
c. Barangay Waste
Classification
d. Barangay a. Storage and
Geographical Set out
Location b. Segregated
Recyclables
c. Segregated
Compostables

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 7

METHOD

Research Design

This study utilized Quantitative-Descriptive Method.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in Tuguegarao City.

Urban Barangay
a. Ugac Sur
b. Ugac Norte
c. Caggay
d. Linao East

Rural Barangay
a. Annafunan East
b. Bagay
c. Atulayan Norte
d. Capatan

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the Barangay Public Officials of Tuguegarao City. The
selection of the Barangay is based on the projected population in the year 2023 as per stated in
the data from the Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City. Randomly
Selected 10 Residents in each barangay served as external validators of the study.

Research Instruments

a. Checklist
This consists of items that gathered the profile variables of the respondents
specifically: For barangay officials: Educational Background, Years of Service, Barangay
Classification, and Barangay Geographical Location.

b. Questionnaire
Questionnaire is utilized to gather data from our target audience. The questionnaire is
divided into three parts. The first part consist the profile of the respondent and the second part
consist the open ended questions about collection of solid waste lifted from the Ecological
Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City and the third part points the following key issues
encountered in the implementation of solid waste management programs. The questionnaire
underwent validations form research experts for its reliability and validity.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 8

Data Gathering Procedure

Data gathering is conducted through methods of distributing questionnaires in different

Barangays of Tuguegarao City. First, the researchers visited the Barangay chairman for
approval of the data gathering process. After the approval, we handing out the questionnaire
to the public official incharge regarding Ecological Waste Management. The objectives of the
study are explained to the respondents prior to the distribution of questionnaires. Rest assured
that no incriminating information asked from the respondents and proper documents were
forwarded for approval by the school’s significant offices. The questionnaires were devised
only to gather necessary data for the study.

Data Analysis

This study used frequency and percentage to describe the profile of the Barangay
officials which includes; Educational Background, Years of Service, Barangay Classification,
and Barangay Geographical Location.

Weighted Mean is used to determine the issues and challenges encountred

encountered in the implementation of the Ecological Waste Management Plan under the
Republic Act 9003 in Tuguegarao City.

Independent Sample T-test has utilized to test the significant difference between the
profile of the Baranagay Officials-Residents and on the Issues and Challenges encountered in
the Implementation of the Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City
between the Implementers and Residents.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 9

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULTS

Table 1. Profile of Barangay Captain-Respondents

Profile Variables Frequency Percentage

Educational
Background
High School Graduate 2 33.33
College Graduate 6 66.67
Years of Service
Less than 5 years 1 12.50
5-10 years 5 62.50
11-15 Years 1 12.50
16 years and above 1 12.50
Barangay
Classification
Urban Barangay 4 50.00
Rural Barangay 4 50.00
Barangay
Geographical
Location
Western Barangay 2 33.34
Eastern Barangay 3 66.63
Northern Barangay 3 66.63
The Table 1 illustrates the Profile of the Barangay Captain-Respondents. In terms of
educational background, two (2) of them are high school graduate while six (6) of them are
college graduate. As regards to years of service, one (1) of them served less than five years,
five (5) of them served five to ten years, the other one (1) worked for eleven to fifteen years
and lastly, the remaining one (1) rendered sixteen years and above of service in office. The
Barangay Captains in terms of Barangay Classification are equally distributed with a frequency
of four (4) in Urban Barangay and four (4) in Rural Barangay. As to barangay geographical
location, There were two (2) barangays from Western Area, three (3) from Eastern and three
(3) from Northern Area.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 10

Table 2: a. Issues and Challenges along Storage and Set-out.

Storage and Barangay Residents Overall Mean

Set-out Captain
Mean QD Mean QD Mean QD
Lack of 3.50 To a 3.38 To a 3.44 To a
cooperation very great great
and great extent extent
participation extent
of the
people.

Lack of 2.75 To a 3.31 To a 3.03 To a

information great great great
on proper extent extent extent
waste
managemen
t at source.

Residents 3.13 To a 3.48 To a 3.30 To a

set-out great great great
garbage not extent extent extent
on the
specified
time or
schedule.

Inadequate 2.88 To a 2.96 To a 2.92 To a

number of great great great
waste extent extent extent
collection
trucks.

Overall 3.06 To a 3.28 To a 3.17 To a

Mean great great great
extent exten extent
t
The table 2a. illustrates the issues and challenges encountered in the collection of solid
waste along storage and set-out. The table revealed as assessed by barangay captains and
residents that there is a lack of cooperation and participation of the people, lack of information
on proper waste management at source, residents set-out garbage not on the specified time or
schedule, and inadequate number of waste collection trucks. Overall, the issues and
challenges encountered along storage and set-out is into a great extent as assessed by the
barangay officials and residents.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 11

 As assessed by the Barangay Captains and Residents, lack of cooperation and
participation of the people is one of the issues and challenges encountered.The lack of
cooperation and participation of people in the implementation of the Ten-Year solid waste
management plan can be a significant challenge. By actively participating in waste
management practices, individuals can reduce waste generation, promote recycling and
reuse, and minimize the negative impact on the environment. Ulhasanah and Goto (2018)
cited citizen participation as a significant factor. According to Shukor et al. (2011), the
community should at the very least encourage residents' engagement in the precise collection
of solid garbage on the streets. Additionally, they stated that community members are
accountable as users at the individual level and that their activities for waste management
include proper trash storage, the separation of recyclable elements, ensuring proper
placement of the waste, and ensuring the proper time of collection. When local governing
authorities cannot handle the waste management activities, citizen participation is an effective
strategy (Brotosusilo et al., 2020). The management of solid waste is a critical issue in the
Philippines. As the population grows, it is projected that the amount of waste will keep on
growing in the coming years. The system and law already exist to manage waste issues, but
their proper and stringent implementation is necessary for sustainability. It will be addressed
not just by the government but also with the assistance of the people through ardent
engagement and execution of the techniques being taught by the professionals (Coracero et
al., 2021). For municipalities and local governing bodies it is important to include active
participation of public in decision making and implementing processes as the backbone for
successful waste management. By actively engaging in waste management practices,
individuals can make a significant positive impact on their surroundings, leading to a cleaner,
healthier, and more sustainable future.

The lack of information on proper waste management at source refers to a situation

where individuals and communities lack the necessary knowledge and understanding of how
to effectively manage and reduce waste generation at its origin. Information dissemination
helps raise awareness about the importance of proper waste management practices. It
educates individuals about the environmental and health impacts of improper waste disposal
and the benefits of waste reduction, recycling, and responsible waste handling. With access to
accurate and relevant information, people can make informed decisions and adopt more
sustainable waste management behaviors. Various literature highlights the significance of
addressing this issue. For instance, a study conducted by Smith et al. (2020) emphasizes the
importance of educating individuals about waste management at source to promote
sustainable waste reduction. Another research article by Johnson and Anderson (2019)
underscores the need for targeted educational campaigns to increase awareness and
behavioral changes regarding waste management practices. Effective waste management
methods are hampered by the lack of knowledge about efficient waste management at the
source. The level of public awareness and their attitudes toward disposal are two factors that
have a direct impact on any solid waste management plan. According to a selection of experts,
public ignorance and a lack of training are significant factors that affect how any area's waste
management strategy turns out (Desa et al., 2011). By informing the public on a large scale,
local government entities should promote public education and involvement (Sarker et al.,
2013). Programs for raising public awareness can be put together with the help of non-
governmental organizations (NGO). The lack of knowledge about appropriate waste
management methods is a result of not placing enough emphasis on waste management
education in schools and colleges. According to a study by Madzlan et al. (2019), there is a
lack of waste management education in school curricula, which leaves students with
insufficient information. This lack of education feeds the cycle of bad waste management
methods. Overall, the lack of knowledge about good waste management at the source

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 12

encourages the continuance of unsustainable waste generation patterns and impedes efforts
to create a waste management system that is more efficient and ecologically friendly.

The issue of residents setting out garbage not on the specified time or schedule can be
a significant challenge in waste management. Effective communication strategies play a
crucial role in improving compliance with waste management guidelines. The need for clear
and regular communication between waste management authorities and residents has been
emphasized in studies (Lai et al., 2019; Wilson et al., 2017). This communication should
include information about set-out schedules, reminders, and education initiatives. Residents
can be better informed and reminded about the designated times for garbage set-out by
improving communication methods. Improving waste management methods requires
assessing the success of policy implementation and identifying obstacles. Studies have
emphasized the need for routine waste management system monitoring and evaluation,
including determining how well residents adhere to set-out timetables (Oguntoyinbo et al.,
2020; Smith and Ballantyne (2016). In order to increase compliance rates, these evaluations
assist in identifying obstacles, communication chasms, and improvement opportunities.
According to Nguyen and Tan's study from 2020, inconsistent garbage collection leaves
people unsure about when to put their trash out for pickup. This issue is made worse by a lack
of waste collection trucks or by inoperable trucks. DOST, (2006), as cited by Vivar et al. (2015)
in a study on solid waste management discovered that the common issues faced by the
barangays in the city are poor equipment maintenance, garbage trucks that are not suitable for
sorting waste into different compartments according to its kind, and waste collectors that are
not meticulously adhering to collection schedules. The distance of dump sites and unreliable
dump trucks are the problems that the barangays face in the operation of Solid waste
management. Because of unavailability of dump trucks, the city is forced to collect the wastes
of the barangay thus the collection schedule is not followed accordingly.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 13

Table 2: b. Issues and Challenges along Segregated Recyclables.

Segregated Barangay Residents Overall Mean

Recyclables Captain
Mean QD Mean QD Mean QD
Few 3.25 To a 2.94 To a 3.09 To a
households great great great
properly extent extent extent
segregate/
recycle
garbage
especially in
the urban
areas.

Lack of 2.75 To a 3.31 To a 3.03 To a

information on great great great
proper waste extent extent extent
management
at source.

Ineffective/ 2.88 To a 2.86 To a 2.87 To a

unsystematic great great great
garbage extent extent extent
collection.
Overall 2.96 To a 3.03 To a 2.99 To a
Mean great great great
extent extent extent
The table 2b. illustrates the issues and challenges encountered in the collection of solid
waste along segregated recyclables. The table revealed as assessed by barangay captains
and residents that only few households properly segregate or recycle garbage especially in the
urban areas. There is also lack of information on proper waste management at source and
Ineffective or unsystematic garbage collection. Overall, the issues and challenges encountered
along segregated recyclables is into a great extent as assessed by the barangay officials and
residents.

The data revealed as assessed by the Barangay Captains and Resident, this issue will
impair the implementation of Ecological Waste Management Plan. Based on the study
conducted by Irene 2014, Very few of the residents practice recycling and composting due to
lack of perceived benefits of doing such. Furthermore, the study of Banga 2011, the results
indicate that, although the public is aware of solid waste separation and recycling practices, it
has not participated in such initiatives. This issue exists due to lack of Awareness and
Education. Many households may not be aware of the benefits of proper waste segregation
and recycling or may not have a clear understanding of how to do it correctly. Insufficient
education with regards to recycling and awareness campaigns can contribute to this lack of
knowledge.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 14

 Ineffective or unsystematic garbage collection refers to the challenges faced in
efficiently collecting and managing waste due to inadequate processes, lack of coordination, or
improper implementation of waste collection systems. This can lead to various issues such as
irregular collection, missed pick-ups, improper disposal, and environmental and health
hazards. Adequate infrastructure, including sufficient waste bins, collection vehicles, and
waste processing facilities, is crucial for efficient garbage collection. The results of this study
shown that in general, the SWM ordinances have a weak implementation. This is usually due
to the miscoordination or the lack of cooperation between the LGUs and the residents. When
one fails to do their job, the other also fails which only leads to a cycle of blame and
unaccountability on both sides. The residents blame the government and their political
interests for the lack of proper bins, facilities, and inefficient SWM while the LGUs insist that
the people are also at fault because they do not comply. The same can be seen in the
compliance of both the LGUs and the residents to the ordinances and the RA 9003 (Bernardo,
et al. 2019). Investing in infrastructure upgrades and expanding waste management facilities
can improve collection systems. In a study by Silva et al. (2018), the authors investigated the
challenges of garbage collection in an urban area and highlighted the need for improved waste
management practices. The study emphasized the importance of adequate infrastructure,
efficient collection systems, and community engagement in achieving effective waste
management.

To encourage social acceptance of environmental protection program, giving

incentives to residents upon participating in SWM activities was proposed by the researchers.
This will produce residents with desirable attitudes and behavior towards SWM (Reyes and
Furto, 2013). According to the study of Douangchanh (2008) as cited by Reyes and Furto,
(2013), concluded that some of the reasons for the low level of community participation in
SWM development are inadequacy of SWM campaigns, SWM workshops and community
awareness and education programs, lack of coordination and lack of incentives for people to
participate in the activities.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 15

Table 2: c. Issues and Challenges along Segregated Compostables.

Segregated Barangay Residents Overall Mean

Compostable Captain
s Mean QD Mean QD Mean QD
Inadequate 2.63 To a 2.60 To a 2.61 To a
facilities and great great great
manpower. extent extent extent

Absence of 2.60 To a 2.55 To a 2.53 To a

functional great great great
Materials extent extent extent
Recovery
Facility (MRF).

Overall Mean 2.61 To a 2.57 To a 2.57 To a

great great great
extent exten extent
t
The table 2c. illustrates the issues and challenges encountered in the collection of solid
waste along segregated compostables. The table revealed as assessed by barangay captains
and residents that there is inadequate facilities and manpower and absence of functional
Materials Recovery Facility. Overall, the issues and challenges encountered along segregated
compostables is into a great extent as assessed by the barangay officials and residents.

Challenges that hamper better implementation of RA 9003 include non-segregation of

solid waste by residents attributed to lack of awareness and discipline; irregular garbage
collection; inadequate garbage trucks; lack of functional materials recovery facilities; and
limited government resources. Insufficient manpower can result in delays or irregularities in
waste collection schedules. This can lead to overflowing bins, littering, and unsightly waste
accumulation in public areas. It is important to allocate an adequate number of trained
personnel to ensure that waste collection services are efficient, timely, and aligned with the
needs of the community. Addressing these concerns will further boost RA 9003 compliance
and enhance the effectiveness of implementation and monitoring in the communities (Nguyen
and Tan 2020). Inadequate manpower in waste collection can result in inefficient or irregular
waste collection services. This can lead to improper disposal practices, including illegal
dumping or burning of waste, which can have severe environmental and health consequences.
According to the study of Castillo (2013), despite the existence of RA. 9003, improper solid
waste management is still rampant in the Philippines, where open and regulated dumping are
practiced. Adequate funding and resource allocation are essential for developing and
maintaining waste management facilities, such as waste treatment plants, recycling centers,
and landfill sites. Addressing the issue of inadequate manpower in waste collection requires a
comprehensive approach involving proper planning, resource allocation, training, community
engagement, and collaboration. By prioritizing the allocation of sufficient human resources and
implementing appropriate strategies, it is possible to improve waste collection efficiency,
maintain sanitation standards, and promote a cleaner and healthier environment.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 16

 Materials Recovery Facility serves as educational centers where the public can learn
about waste management, recycling processes, and the importance of waste reduction. They
provide a tangible and visible example of how waste materials are sorted and prepared for
recycling. MRFs often offer guided tours and educational programs, helping to raise awareness
and promote environmentally responsible behaviors among individuals and communities.
Setting up of material recovery facilities (MRF) in every barangay is one of the components for
the reduction of waste (Nolasco et al. 2019). Households have complained regarding waste
collection points and the plans to establish MRFs. Some households have even sent their
complaints about waste collection points to radio stations. It is therefore imperative for
barangay officials to make community members understand the importance of Materials
Recovery Facilities in solid waste management. It is also equally important that community
members are assured that the establishment of Materials Recovery Facilities will not cause
more problems for the community. They should also set up an effective monitoring system to
ensure that the management of the MRF is done up to standard. According to the study of
Sapuay (2015) as cited by Nguyen and Tan (2020), There is a lack of mechanisms for
monitoring the different waste management activities and the absence of materials recovery
facilities and sanitary landfills. MRFs are integral to efficient and sustainable solid waste
management. They enable waste sorting, promote recycling, reduce landfill reliance, minimize
environmental impact, create jobs, educate the public, and provide valuable data for planning
and decision-making. By investing in MRFs and supporting their operations, communities can
enhance their waste management systems and work towards a more circular and sustainable
economy.

Table 3. Significant Difference in the Status of Solid Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao
City along Collection of Solid Waste when grouped according to Profile of Barangay Captain-
Respondents.

t-value/
Profile Variables P-value Decision
F-value
Educational Background -.243 .816 Accept Ho
Years of Service .304 .822 Accept Ho
Barangay Classification -.784 .463 Accept Ho
Barangay Geographical
.184 .837 Accept Ho
Location

Table 3 presents the Significant Difference in the Status of Solid Waste Management
Plan of Tuguegarao City along Collection of Solid Waste when grouped according to Profile of
Barangay Captain-Respondents. It can be obtained from the result that there is no significant
difference on the Status of Solid Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City along Collection
of Solid Waste when grouped according to Profile of Barangay Captain-Respondents, since the
probability value are higher than 0.05 level of significance. Hence, the null hypothesis is
accepted.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 17

Table 4: Significant difference on the Issues and Challenges encountered in the
Implementation of the Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City
between the Implementers and Residents?

Table
Collection of Groups 4 Mean t- p- presents
Decision
Solid Waste value valu
e
a. Storage and Residents 3.28 1.212 .229 Accept Ho
Set-out Barangay 3.06
Officials
b. Segregated Residents 2.91 -.300 .331 Accept Ho
Recyclables Barangay 2.96
Officials
c. Segregated Residents 2.51 -.228 .821 Accept Ho
Compostables Barangay 2.53
Officials
Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City between the Implementers and Residents. It can
be obtained from the result that there is no significant difference on the issues and challenges
encountered along Storage and Set-out, Segregated Recyclables, and Segregated
Compostables as assessed by the barangay captains and residents, since the probability value
are higher than 0.05 level of significance. Hence, the null hypothesis is accepted.

This implies that barangay officials and residents have a crucial role in identifying
issues in waste management within their jurisdiction. The table revealed that there is no
significant difference on the issues and challenges encountered along Storage and Set-out,
Segregated Recyclables, and Segregated Compostables as assessed by the barangay
captains and residents. It is evident that the issues encountered by the barangay officials as
they implement the provisions of the Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan along
collection of solid waste are also the issues and challenges seen by the residents on why this
provisions are not being implemented thoroughly. This only means that, waste management is
a shared responsibility that requires the active participation and cooperation of both parties.

Barangay officials conduct educational campaigns and awareness programs to

educate residents about waste management practices. They organize seminars, workshops,
and community outreach initiatives to promote waste reduction, recycling, and proper disposal
methods. A study conducted by Smith et al. (2020) emphasizes the importance of educating
individuals about waste management at source to promote sustainable waste reduction.
Another research article by Johnson and Anderson (2019) underscores the need for targeted
educational campaigns to increase awareness and behavioral changes regarding waste
management practices. Ulhasanah and Goto (2018) cited citizen participation as a significant
factor. Residents can actively participate in community discussions, meetings, and programs
related to waste management. They can share their concerns, provide suggestions, and
collaborate with barangay officials to address waste management challenges effectively.

Both barangay officials and residents have complementary roles in waste

management. Effective collaboration, communication, and cooperation between the two are
essential for identifying issues, implementing solutions, and achieving sustainable waste
management practices within a community.
CONCLUSION

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 18

 As assessed by the Barangay Officials and Residents, the study concludes that
Storage and Set-out encountered several issues and challenges that can hinder effective
waste management practices such as lack of cooperation and participation of the people, lack
of information on proper waste management at source, residents set-out garbage not on the
specified time or schedule and lastly, inadequate number of waste collection trucks.
Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach involving government authorities,
waste management agencies, community engagement, and public participation towards better
storage and set-out practices, leading to improved waste management, environmental
sustainability, and overall well-being. The segregation of recyclables in solid waste is a critical
aspect of sustainable waste management. However, there are several issues and problems
encountered in the process that hinder its effectiveness such as few households properly
segregate or recycle garbage especially in the urban areas, lack of information on proper
waste management at source, ineffective or unsystematic garbage collection, and non-
existence of revenue generating measures on Ecological Solid Waste Management.
Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach involving various stakeholders,
including government authorities, waste management agencies, communities, and individuals
towards improved segregation of recyclables in solid waste, enhance recycling rates, and
contribute to a more sustainable and circular waste management system. Some issues and
problems are encountered in the practice of segregated compostables which hinder the
effective segregation of compostables materials such as inadequate facilities and manpower
and absence of functional Materials Recovery Facility (MRF). Addressing these issues and
implementing appropriate measures, communities can improve the segregation of
compostables in solid waste and contribute to a more sustainable and circular waste
management system.

RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

Based on the generated findings and conclusions drawn from the study, the
researchers strongly recommend the following:

1. Barangay - To increase public knowledge of trash management and environmental

protection, the barangay should hold frequent educational campaigns, workshops, and
seminars. As a result, it will educate locals, encourage behavior change, improve community
involvement, and cultivate a feeling of environmental responsibility. They should also
upgrade the infrastructure for trash collection and disposal, including the construction of
sanitary landfills and recycling facilities. By taking this action, it increases the effectiveness of
trash management, lowers the health hazards connected with incorrect waste disposal, and
promotes the barangay's general cleanliness.

2. The Local Government Unit should forge partnerships with relevant stakeholders,
including private sector entities, civil society organizations, and academic institutions. With
this undertaking, there can be a facilitates resource sharing, knowledge exchange,
innovation, and fosters a collaborative and inclusive approach to waste management.
Moreover, there should be a strict implementation of incentives and penalties to encourage
compliance with waste management regulations and promote responsible waste disposal
practices. This will motivate behavior change, ensures compliance, and creates a level
playing field for waste management practices.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 19

3. Residents should participate in their community's waste management programs and
initiatives. They can join neighborhood cleanups, attend city council meetings, and advocate
for policies that promote sustainability.

4. The Political Science Students should engage in interdisciplinary research and

collaborations, working with environmental scientists, engineers, and social researchers to
address waste management challenges holistically. With this engagement, it will develop
their interdisciplinary thinking, fosters teamwork and collaboration skills, and prepares them
for the complex, interconnected nature of environmental problem-solving. In addition, it will
also promote ethical reasoning and decision-making, encourages them to consider the
ethical responsibilities of political actors, and cultivates a commitment to sustainable and
responsible governance.

5. The Future Researchers must intensify the citizenship skills of the residents of the
community for a successful implementation of the city’s waste management plan. In addition,
they can use this study to broaden the scope of their research by examining the results,
discussions, and conclusion of this study.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 20

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Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 24

 APPENDIX A

LITERATURE MATRIX

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 25

 Bibliography Objective Variables Methods Major
Findings
Akil, A. M., This study IV: Household, This study The results
Foziah, J., & investigates Waste used indicate that
Ho, C. S. the practice Separation, quantitative socio-
(2017). of waste Iskandar research economic
Households separation Malaysia design. variables
Inclination in among have a
Waste households significant
Separation and whether DV: effect on
Program. demographic Recycling recycling
Asian Journal characteristic Behavior activities.
of Quality of s and the
Life, 2(6), 19- socio-
30. economic
factors
https:// influence
doi.org/ recycling
10.21834/ behavior.
ajqol.v2i6.43
Domingo, J. The study IV: Coastal This study The
C. J. S., & focused on Areas, Boac used a findings
Manoos, L. M. the solid Marinduque descriptive revealed that
M. (2017). waste , Waste method. direct
Solid Waste disposal Management burning,
Disposal practices of , Waste waste
Practices and the coastal segregation segregation,
Problems residents in dumping in
Encountered the DV: Solid compost pit,
Of the Coastal Municipality Waste trading in
Residents in of Boac, Practices junkshops
Boac, Province of and others
Marinduque. Marinduque. were the
In 4th common
International solid waste
Conference on disposal
Civil, practices
Environment done by most
and Waste residents.
Management
(CEWM-17),
230-234.

http://doi.org/
10.17758/
URUAE.AE0117
708
Irene, E. A. This study IV: Mixed Results find
(2014). Solid aimed to Catbalogan, Descriptive- that majority
waste assess the Solid waste Qualitative of the
management current solid management Method was residents are
in an upland waste , upland used in the very much
urban village of management barangay, study.. aware of the
Samar in an upland Community- ineffectivene
Philippines. Co village that is based ss of the
untryside inaccessible current waste
Development by garbage DV: management
Research truck due to Participatory system and
Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 26
Journal, 2(1), its uphill suggest a
93-100. location and strong
Retrieved on: design a implementati
August 19, model that on of the
 APPENDIX B

QUESTIONNAIRE

Part I. Profile of the Barangay Public Official

Instruction: Fill out the information needed below.

Name of Barangay:________________________________________

Position:_____________________

Educational Attainment:_________________

Years of Service:________________

Barangay Classification:
Rural
Urban

Barangay Location:
a. Northern Barangay
b. Eastern Barangay
c. Western Barangay
d. Central Business District

Part II.

Instructions:

Refer to the guide below in choosing your option. It is important that you honestly
answer each item. Please do not leave any item unchecked.

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 27

Storage and Set-out 4 3 2 1

1.The City Government requires the

different sectors to provide their own
labeled trash bins suitable for the
quantity and type of materials to be
disposed.
2. The Barangay Officials shall
Option
inform residents howRange
to handle solid Qualitative
waste for collection through policiesInterpretation
4
and guidelines. 3.50-4.00 Fully
3. In residential areas, plastic Implemented
containers/drums are required for Implemented
3 2.50-3.49
2
waste storage. 1.50-2.49 Less
4. Garbage bins should be placed in Implemented
alleys or1 at curbsides 1.00-1.49
designated as Not
pick-up points. Implemented
5. Accumulated waste at street sides
are collected through push carts to be
hauled to garbage trucks.
6. Complex commercial
establishments and malls are
required to have their own material
recovery facility for waste storage,
segregation, sorting and collection
points.
Segregated Recyclables
1. Barangays are responsible in the
management and collection of the
recycled waste within their
respective barangays.
2. Each barangay or clustered
barangays shall establish its own
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) as
drop-off centers.
3. Collectors of different barangays
shall collect waste per zone from
household through pushcart that shall
be brought to the MRF.
4. On a monthly basis, recovered
wastes from the barangays shall be
collected by an accredited junkshop
monthly and the corresponding
amount of such shall be given to the
owner of the recyclable wastes or
may donate it for whatever purpose it
may serve.
Segregated Compostables
1. The MRF shall accommodate the
composting facility in rural
barangays.
2. Collection of biodegradable waste
from household through pushcart is
on a daily basis and shall be
brought to Material Recovery
Facility (MRF) or composting facility
for processing.
3. Two eco-aides and a Issues resident of
and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 28
the barangay shall be assigned at
the Material Recovery Facility to
process and be responsible of the
production of organic fertilizer.
Key Issues for Solid Waste Management

Key issues encountered in the implementation of solid waste management program

points to the following:

Range Qualitative
Description
3.50-4.00 To a very great extent
2.50-3.49 To a great extent
1.50-2.49 To a less extent
1.00-1.49 To a very less extent

4 3 2 1
1. Lack of information on proper waste
management at source.
2. Inadequate number of waste
collection trucks.
3. Lack of cooperation and
participation of the people.
4. Few households properly
segregate/recycle garbage especially
in the urban barangays.
5. Ineffective/ unsystematic garbage
collection.
6. Inadequate facilities/manpower.

7. Enforcement of ordinance,
resolution, and regulation of solid
waste management.
8. Residents setout garbage not on
the specified time or schedule.
9. Absence of functional Materials
Recovery Facility (MRF).
10. No budget allocation for ESWM
Programs in the Barangay Level.
11. Unregulated waste disposal
practices of transients and local
tourists.
12. Non- existence of revenue
generating measures on ESWM.

APPENDIX C
ADVISER’S ACCEPTANCE FORM

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 29

September 3, 2022

󠄂I hereby accept the proponent/s:

1. Calagui, John Paulo D.

2. Viloria, Baby Richelle M.
3. Derupe, Janred Benedict J.

as research advisee/s for the study,

Status of Implementation of Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000 in Tuguegarao City.

(Title of Study)

for the School Year 2022-2023.

I promise to abide by my duties and responsibilities and ascertain that my advisees finish their research
output on schedule and according to the rules set by the University Research and Development Center.

Conforme:

Dr. Darin Jan C. Tindowen, Ph.D

Name and Signature of Instructor/Professor

󠄂I cannot accept the above thesis/research advisership due to the following reasons:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________
Name and Signature of Instructor/Professor

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 30

 APPENDIX D
LETTER TO VICE PRESIDENT OF ACADEMICS

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 31

 APPENDIX E
LETTER OF ENDORSEMENT

Date: May 5, 2023

Dr. Darin Jan C. Tindowen, Ph.D.

Data Analyst

Dear Sir:

After thoroughly reviewing the manuscripts of the Research Proponents and their
transcripts, I respectfully endorse the same to your office for evaluation.

It is our understanding that whatever revisions are necessary to be integrated will be

referred to the evaluating panel for their approval, and after which, will be complied with by the
research proponents, and that a certification for defense can ony ne issued when the data are
in place.

DARIN JAN C. TINDOWEN, Ph.D.

Name and Signature of Head CSILKER

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 32

 APPENDIX F
DATA ANALYSIS CERTIFICATION

Research Proponents: Calagui, John Paulo D.

Viloria, Baby Richelle M.
Derupe, Janred Benedict J.

Program: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science with Legal Studies

Research Title: Issues and Challenges in the Implementation of Ten-Year

Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao City.

This is to certify that the quantitative data analysis was done at the University
Research and Development Center of University of Saint Louis and by a duly accredited
quantitative data analyst.

DARIN JAN C. TINDOWEN, Ph.D. 05/27/23

Name and Signature of Data Analyst Date

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 33

 APPENDIX G
CERTIFICATION OF PLAGIARISM CHECK

This is to certify that the research paper entitled:

Issues and Challenges in the Implementation of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management

Plan of Tuguegarao City.
Research Title

Calagui, John Paulo D.

Viloria, Baby Richelle M.
Derupe, Janred Benedict J.
Proponents

Has underhone the initial plagiarism check with an originality score/grade of

This signifies that the proponents may proceed to the final defense and that the official
plagiarism clearance will be issued as soon as the integration of final suggestions by the panel
is complied with.

DARIN JAN C. TINDOWEN, Ph.D.

Name and Signature of the Evaluator Date

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 34

 APPENDIX H
CERTIFICATION OF LANGUAGE EDITING

Research Proponents: Calagui, John Paulo D.

Viloria, Baby Richelle M.
Derupe, Janred Benedict J.

Program: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science with Legal Studies

Research Title: Issues and Challenges in the Implementation of

Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan of Tuguegarao
City.

This is to certify that I have thoroughly edited the final draft of the Research of
the students listed above in terms of grammar and organization, and compliance with
the APA format and style.

NATHALIE KATE C. RAMIREZ

Name and Signature of Language Editor Date

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 35

 APPENDIX I
MINUTES OF THESIS DEFENSE

MINUTES OF THESIS PROPOSAL DEFENSE

December 13, 2022, 3:00 P.M., Defense Room
Researcher : John Paulo D. Calagui
Baby Richelle Villoria
Janred benedict Derupe

Dissertation Title : Status of Implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

No. 9003 of 2000 in Tuguegarao City

Adviser : Dr. Darin Jan C. Tindowen

Members of Technical Panel

Proceedings
Presentation of the Research proposal by the Proponent
Review and Critiquing of the Paper

Comments and Suggestions

General Comments:
1. What drives you to conduct the study?
2. Provide statistics on waste management
3. Look for a site which shows the statistics of waste management
4. Is there a different between implementation and compliance?
5. Is there an ordinance that support solid waste management?
6. Review the law for questionnaire
7. Too ambitious and broad
8. Limit the study

Section/ Suggestions/Recommendations
Page
Title
Methods
Design Exploration-Sequential Approach
Responden - Find an external validator
ts - The city hall
- Sampling technique: multi-stage
o cluster (so as to not be limited)
o purposive
Research - Survey
Instruments - interview
Data - Multiple technique
Collection

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 36

 Prepared by: Attested by:

____________________________ _____________________
Jedidiah Clement B. Sta. Monica Darin Jan Tindowen
Reader Research Adviser

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 37

Name of the Calagui, John Paulo
Proponent/s Derupe, Janred
Viloria, Janred
Research Title Status of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management
Plan of Tuguegarao City
Adviser/Co-Author Darin Jan C. Tindowen, Ph.D.
Date May 18, 2023
Parts of the Research Comments

Introduction

Research Objective
and Questions

Significance of the
Study

Hypothesis

Underpinning
Theory/Conceptual
Framework

Literature Review

Research Paradigm

Methods

Add more literatures to discuss the issues and

challenges.

Remove the Zambonga. But retain the several reasons.

Clarify Seldom to Sometimes so that it will guide you in

providing interpration in the table 2.

Issues and challenges as main data

Change the title to issues and challenges of the ten year

ecological solid waste management plan

Include the pre-survey status in the introduction

Issues and challenges should be clustered into four

according to the provision of the ecological solid waster
management
Results and
Discussion Issues
Issuesand challenges
and Challenges of along storage
Ten-Year andWaste
Ecological set out
Management Plan | 38
Along segregated recyclables
Along segregated Compostables
Other issues
JAN MICHAEL VINCE M. ONATE
Name and Signature of Evaluator

APPENDIX J
PROGRESS REPORT

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 39

 APPENDIX K
PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 40

 APPENDIX L
CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: John Paulo D. Calagui

Date of Birth: August 25, 2002

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 41

Place of Birth: Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Current Address: #44 Provincial Road Cataggaman Nuevo Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Educational Background

College: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science with Legal Studies

University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao
Mabini Street Ugac Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
2020-Present

Senior High School: Humanities and Social Science Strand

Cataggaman National High School
Cataggaman Pardo Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
S.Y. 2018-2020

Junior High School: Cataggaman National High School

Cataggaman Pardo Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
S.Y. 2014-2018

Elementary: Cataggaman Elementary School

Cataggaman Pardo Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
S.Y. 2008-2014

Name: Baby Richelle M. Viloria

Date of Birth: April 05, 2002
Place of Birth: Calamagui, Amulung, Cagayan

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 42

Educational Background

College: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science with Legal Studies

University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao
Mabini St. Ugac Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
2020-Present.

Senior High School: Humanities and Social Science Strand

Maila Rosario College
Diversion Road, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City
S.Y. 2019-2020

International School of Asia and the Pacific

Alimannao, Peñablanca, Cagayan
S.Y. 2018-2019

Junior High School: Pulong Buhangin National High School

Pulong Buhangin, Sta. Maria Bulacan
S.Y. 2017-2018

Our Lady of Victories Academy

Centro, Amulung, Cagayan
S.Y. 2014-2017

Elementary: Amulung, East, Central School

Centro, Amulung, Cagayan
S.Y. 2008-2014

Name: Janred Benedict J. Derupe

Date of Birth: January 24, 2002
Place of Birth: Ilagan City, Isabela
Current Address: F. Bulan Street Calamagui 2nd, Ilagan City, Isabela

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 43

Educational Background

College: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science with Legal Studies

University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao
Mabini St. Ugac Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
2020-Present.

Senior High School: Humanities and Social Science Strand

Saint Ferdinand College
Centro, Ilagan City, Isabela
S.Y. 2018-2020

Junior High School: Isabela National High School

Centro, Ilagan City, Isabela
S.Y. 2014-2018

Elementary: Ilagan South Central School

Calamagui 1st, Ilagan City, Isabela
S.Y. 2008-2014

Issues and Challenges of Ten-Year Ecological Waste Management Plan | 44