PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT MID YEAR EXAM REVIEWER

SELF-CONCEPT – refers to your awareness of yourself. IDEAL SELF- is the self that you aspire to Be

ACTUAL SELF – is the one that you actually see

Self-knowledge – is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how

Others react to you.

Here are some skills that will greatly increase the efficiency of any person who owns them:

1. Determination – It allows you to focus only on achieving a specific goal without being

Distracted by less important things or spontaneous desires. It may be developed with The help of
self-discipline exercise.

2. Self-confidence It appears in the process of personal development, as a result of getting aware of

yourself, your actions and their consequences.

3. Persistence It makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging obstacles problems,
laziness, bad emotional state, etc. It reduces the costs of overcoming obstacles.

4. Managing stress. It helps combat stress that arises in daily life from the environment and other
people.

5. Problem-solving skills They help cope with the problems encountered with a lack of experience.

6. Creativity It allows you to find extraordinary ways to carry out a specific action that no one has
tried to use.

7. Generating ideas It helps you achieve goals using new, original, unconventional ideas.

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES - Human Development focuses on human growth and changes across the
lifespan, including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional
growth.

HAVIGHURST`S DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS DURING THE LIFE SPAN

Robert J. Havighurst elaborated the Developmental Tasks Theory in the most systematic and extensive
manner. His main assertion is that development is continuous throughout the entire lifespan, occurring in
stages, where the individual moves from one stage to the next by means of the successful resolution of
problems or performance of developmental tasks.
THE PASSAGE TO ADULTHOOD: CHALLENGES OF LATE ADOLESCENCE

Physical Development

 Most girls have completed the physical changes related to puberty by age 15.
 Boys are still maturing and gaining strength, muscle mass, and height and completing the
development of sexual traits.

Emotional Development

 May stress over school and test scores.

 Is self-involved (may have high expectations and low self-concept).
 Seeks privacy and time alone.
 Is concerned about physical and sexual attractiveness.
 May complain that parents prevent him or her from doing things independently.
 Starts to want both physical and emotional intimacy in relationships
 Experiences of intimate relationships

Social Development

 shifts in relationship with parents from dependency and subordination to one that reflects
the adolescent’s increasing maturity and responsibilities in the family and the community,
 ls more and more aware of social behaviors of friends. Seeks friends that share the same
beliefs, values, and interests.
 Friends become more important. Starts to have more intellectual interests.
 Explores romantic and sexual behaviors with others.
 May be influenced by peers to try risky behaviors (alcohol,
Tobacco, sex)

Mental Development

• Becomes better able to set goals and think in terms of the future.
• Has a better understanding of complex problems and issues.
• Starts to develop moral ideals and to select role models.

STRESS MANAGEMENT

Dictionary definitions do not quite capture the meaning of stress as it is seen and experienced in the
world of work. One of Webster’s definitions describes it as an “…emotional factor that causes Bodily
or mental tension.” A practical way of defining stress is the feeling one gets from prolonged, pent-up
emotions. If the emotions you experience are pleasant and desirable-joy, elation, ecstasy, delight-
you Usually feel free to let them show.

Causes and Effects of Stress

Here are some words that describe the emotions associated (as cause and effect) with stress.

 Anxiety
 Pressure
 Misery
 Strain
 Desperation
 Tension • Anger Panic • Dejection
Stress is the body’s response to anything that makes us feel threatened or pressured. It is caused by
any kind of demand to which we must adapt, adjust, or respond. It is the body’s automatic way of
reacting to changes, challenges, and demands placed on us.

Your stress response is the collection of physiological changes that occur when you face a perceived
threat – when you face situations where you feel the demands outweigh your resources to
successfully cope. These situations are known as stressors.

THE DOMINANT SIDE OF THE BRAIN Researchers believed that brain dominance determines a
person’s preferences, problem- solving style, personality characteristics, and even career choices.
For example, a right-brain individual will quickly get a feeling for a situation, while a left-brain person
will usually ask a lot of questions first. The following chart reflects the additional difference between
left and right-brain dominance

CHANGE YOUR MIND ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH

Mental health. It's the way your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors affect your life. Good mental
health leads to a positive self-image and in turn, satisfying relationships with friends and others.
Having good mental health helps you make good decisions and deal with life's challenges at home,
work, or school.

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

1. Relationship – a relation between people

 A state of connectedness between people (especially an emotional connection)
2. Personal relationships – relationships between people, especially those between friends,
lovers, and family Members
3. Love – strong affection for another arising out of kinship Or personalities <maternal love for
a child>- attraction Based on sexual desire: affection and tenderness felt by Lovers-affection
based on admiration, benevolence, or common interests <love for his old schoolmates
4. Commitment- the act of binding yourself (intellectually Or emotionally) to a course of action
 A message that makes a pledge
5. Attraction- the act, power, or property of attracting- attractive quality; magnetic charm;
fascination; allurement; enticement- a person or thing that draws, attracts, allures, or
entices
6. Responsibility – the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that
entice A form of trustworthiness; the trait of being answerable to someone for something or
being responsible for one’s Conduct.

BASIC RIGHTS IN A RELATIONSHIPS

• Patience
 • Honesty
• Kindness Respect

FAMILY STRUCTURES AND LEGACIES

A genogram or family tree is a useful tool to gather information about a person’s family. This visual
representation of a family can help us to identify patterns or themes within families that may be
influencing or driving a person’s current behavior.

Kinds of families

Nuclear family:

A family unit consisting of at most a father, mother and dependent children. It is considered the
“traditional” family.

Extended family:

A family consisting of parents and children, along with grandparents, grandchildren, aunts or uncles,
cousins etc. In some circumstances, the extended family comes to live either with or in place of a
member of the Nuclear family.

Single-parent family:

This can be either a father or a mother who is singly responsible for the raising of a child. The child
can be by birth or adoption. They may be a single parent by choice or by life circumstances. The
other parent may have been part of the family at one time or not at all.

Adoptive family:

A family where one or more of the children has been adopted. Any structure of family may also be
an adoptive family

Blended family:

A family that consists of members from two (or more) previous families.

Foster family: A family where one or more of the children is legally a temporary member of the
household. This “temporary” period may be as short as a few days or as long as the child’s entire
childhood.

FAMILY LEGACIES

No matter who we are, where we live, or what our goals may be, we all have one thing in common: a
heritage. That is, a social, emotional, and spiritual legacy passed on from parent to child. Every one
of us is passed a heritage, lives out a heritage, and gives a heritage to our family. It’s not an option.
Parents always pass to their children a legacy … good, bad, or some of both.

The Emotional Legacy

In order to prosper, our children need an enduring sense of security and stability nurtured in an
environment of safety and love.

 A strong emotional legacy.

 Provides a safe environment in which deep emotional roots Can grow.
 Fosters confidence through stability.
  Conveys a tone of trusting support.
 Nurtures a strong sense of positive identity.
 Creates a “resting place” for the soul. Demonstrates unconditional love.

The Social Legacies

 To really succeed in life, our children need to learn more than management techniques,
accounting, reading, writing, and geometry. They need to learn the fine art of relating to
people. If they learn how to relate well to others, they’ll have an edge in the game of life.
 Key building blocks of children’s social legacy include:
 Respect, beginning with themselves and working out with other people. • Responsibility,
fostered by respect for themselves, is cultivated by assigning children duties within the
family, making them accountable for their actions,
 And giving them room to make wrong choices once in a while.
 Unconditional love and acceptance by their parents, combined with conditional acceptance
when the parents discipline them for bad behavior or actions.
 The setting of social boundaries concerning how to relate to God, authority, peers, the
environment, and siblings.
 Rules that are given within a loving relationship

The Spirtual Legacy

The Spiritual Legacy is overlooked by many, but that’s a mistake. As spiritual beings, we adopt
attitudes and beliefs about spiritual matters from one source or another. As parents, we need to
take the initiative and present our faith to our children. Parents who successfully pass along a
spiritual legacy to their children model and reinforce the unseen realities of the godly life. We must
recognize that passing a spiritual legacy means more than encouraging our children to attend
church, as important As that is.

Career Concepts

A career is defined as the combination and sequence of roles played by a person during the course
of a lifetime (Super, 1980). A job is a position an individual holds doing specific duties. For example, if
you would look closely at the job of a lawyer, you can say that a lawyer’s job is working as an
associate in X Law Firm. An occupation is defined as similar work for which people have similar
responsibilities and for which they develop a common set of skills and knowledge. For example,
people Who are in the mental health occupation would include Psychologists, clinical psychologists,
counselors, and Psychiatrists.

Personality and interests- John Holland, a popular career counselor proposed a theory that strongly
believes that certain careers require certain personality traits and must also fit our interests. Our life
roles are yet strong factors that influence our career choices. Your role as a child, a sister, a student,
and eventually if you choose it, that of a parent would have an impact in the decisions that you
would have to make as an adult.

Gender also poses challenges and opportunities for us when choosing a career. Although nowadays,
the gender divide in terms of careers has slowly narrowed, it is a known fact that men and women
experience career-related stereotypes
One of the strongest considerations in career decision- making has a lot to do with social and
economic conditions. Our choice of career is contingent on our capabilities to sustain the monetary
demands of pursuing formal education to train for it.

The brain has three major parts – the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem. The brain stem
connects the spinal cord and the brain. It controls functions that keep people alive such as
breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and food digestion.

Things are different in the cerebellum. That region controls voluntary movement. When you want to
lift your fork, wave your hand, brush your hair or wink at a cutie, you form the thought and then an
area in the cerebellum translates your will into action.

The cerebrum is the largest of the three brain sections, accounts for about 85 percent of the brain’s
weight, and has four lobes

Drug Damage

Inhalants, such as glue, paint, gasoline and aerosols, destroy the outer lining of nerve cells and make
them unable to communicate with one another. Ecstasy use is rising among young people, Rusche
said, and scientists have found that drug destroys neurons that make serotonin, a chemical crucial in
controlling sleep, violence, mood swings and Sexual urges.