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AMULETS
 AMULETS
ILLUSTRATED BY THE EGYPTIAN COLLECTION IN
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON

BY

W: M. FLINDERS PETRIE
HON PH.D., F.R.S., F.B.A., HON. F.S.A. (SCOT.), A.R.I.B.A., MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY,
D.C.L., LL.D., LITT.D.,
MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL GERMAN ARCH^OLOGICAL INSTITUTE, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY
OF ANTHROPOLOGY, BERLIN MEMBER OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY MEMBER
; ;

OF THE ROMAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY; MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF

NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES; MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILO-
SOPHICAL SOCIETY; EDWARDS PROFESSOR OF
EGYPTOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON

LONDON
CONSTABLE & COMPANY LTD
10 ORANGE STREET LEICESTER SQUARE WC
1914
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.

THE PRINCIPLES OF AMULETS.

8RCT.
1. The belief in amulets 1
2. Meaning of tho name 1
3.

4.
Purpose of amulets
Five theories of amulets ....
....
1
2
5.
6.
Examples of each theory
The doctrine of similars ....
....
2
3
7.

8.

9.
Lower individual beliefs
Primitive modes of thought
Organic amulets
.... 3
4
4
10. The flux of beliefs 4

CHAPTER II.

EGYPTIAN AMULETS.
11. Scope of amulets
12. Limitations of the class
13. Growth of funereal amulets
14. Material for study .
....
...
15. Arrangement of the catalogue
16. Materials named ......
17. Classification

System of the catalogue .... .

CHAPTEE III.

AMULETS OF SIMILARS. (29.))

NO.
1. Head bearded. (3)
2. Face. (23)
3. Uzat eye. (2) 9
4. Eye. (4) 9
5. Ear. (4) 10
6. Tongue. (2)
10
7. Heart. (41) 10
8. Breast. (3) 10
9. Arm. (1) 11
10. Two arms, lea. (1) 11
11. Hand open. (12) 11
12. Fist clenched. (17) 11
13. Fist, thumb between fingers. (2) . 11
14. Two hands side by side. (1) . 11
15. Leg. (15) 11
16. Phallus. (9) 11

17. Sma. (5) 11

12
18. Frog and toad. (20)
19. 12
Fly. (32)
20. 12
Papyrus sceptre. (26)
13
21. Papyrus on plaque. (4)
22. Jackal head. (27) 13
13
23. Leopard head. (1)
24. Claw. (10) 13
25. Tooth. (8) 13
26. Locust. (2) 14
 CONTENTS
PAD* CHAPTER VII.
74. Comb. .
21
(5)
21
HUMAN-HEADED GODS. (448)
75. Spear head. O NO. PAOK
76. tablet. (2) 21 138. Uzat eye, usual. (86) 32
Writing
77. Name 21 139. unusual. (46). 33
badge. (5) .
,,

78. Cartouche. (3) 21 140. 33

,, multiple. (14).
79. Seal. (6) 22 141. with gods. (12) 33
80. Seal ring. (1) 22 142. inscribed. (10) 34
81. Circle of cord. (2) .
22 143. Horus the hunter. (1) .
34
82. Slave figure. (1) .
22 144. Horns on crocodiles. 34
(9)
145. Horusthe child. (26) . 34
CHAPTER VI. 146. Horuson the lotus. (1) . 34
147. Head of Horus. (2) 35
PROTECTIVE AMULETS. (350)

83.
84.
Sun and wings. (2)
Sun and uraei. (2)
22
22
148. Isis and Horus. (21)
149. Isis. (17)
150. Isis mourning. (8).
.... 35
35
35
85. Crescent. (8) 23 35
151. Isis Pharia. (3) .

86. Mummy. 23 35
(2) 152. Isis, Nebhat, and Horus. (6)
87. Mummy on bier. (4)
88. Girdle of Isis, that.

89. Scarab, flat base. (32)

(23) .... 23
23
23
153.
154.
Groups of goddesses. (2)
Nebhat. (10) .
35
35
36
155. Nebhat mourning. (2) .

90. Scarab, inscribed. (26) 24

91. Pectoral. (7)
92. Scarab with legs. (50)
24
24
157. Osiris. (13)
158. Heart of Osiris. (18)
....
156. Osiris, Isis, and Horus. (4) . 36
36
36
93. Scarab winged. (8) 25 36
159. Oracular bust. (9) . ,

94. Vulture standing. (7) 25

95. Vulture spread. (4)
96. Serpent. (7)
25
25
160.
161.
162.
Horus and Min.
Min. (11)
Amen. (5)
.... (1) 37
37
37
97.
98.
Serpent head. (12)
Cobra on
case. (8) ...... 25
26
163.
164. Mut. (10) ....
Amen, Mut, and Khonsu. (1)
37
37
99. Amphisbaena on case. (2)
100. Phagrus eel on case. (3) .... 26
26
165. Khonsu. (2) . , 37

101. Lizard on case. (7)

102. Taurt on case. ( 1 )
26
26
166. Anhur. (1)
167. Shu. (11)
168. Neit. (3)
....
.

.... ,
37
37
37
103. Shrew mouse on case. 26
104.
105.
Horn.
Bone.
(1)
(1)
26
26
169.
170.
Unknown
Hathor. (16) ....
deities. (6) .

.
37
37

10G.
107.
(3)
Coral. (1)
Cyj/raea shell. (7) .
27
27
171. Head of Hathor.
172. Maot. (1)
173. Hat-inehyt. (2)
.... (7)

.
. .

,
38
38
38
108. Nerita shell. (3) 27 38
174. Selket. (2) .

109. Mitra shell. (2) 27 38

175. Nefertum. (11)
110. C'onus shell. (4) 27

.... 38
.
176. Ptah Seker. (25) .

111. Cardium shell. (9) 27

112. Meleagrina shell. (12) 27
177. Ptah. (5)
178. Dwarf. (2) ....
....
.

.
38
38
113. Cleopatra shell. (4)
114. Pectuncuhu shell. (2)
115. Polinices shell. (1)
..... 27
27
27
179. Saints. (6) 39

116. Cassis shell. (1) . 27 CHAPTER VIII.

117. Murex shell. (1) 28
ANIMAL-HEADED GODS. (^60)
118. Helix shell. (8) 28
119. Clanculus shell, (1) 28 180. Horus. (15) . 39
120. Turbo shell. (1) 28 181. Ra. (16) 39
121. Oliva shell. (2) 28 182. Four sons of Ra. (19) . 39
122. Terebra shell. (2) 28 183. Set. (1) . 40
123. Stone implement. (12) 28 184. Sphinx, male. (4) . 40
124. Bell. (5) 28 185. Sphinx, female. (15) 40
125. Door bolt. (1) 28 186. Hathor, cow-headed. (4)
40
126. Seated prince. (2) . 28 187. Khnumu. (9).
40
127. Princess. (2) 28 188. Bes. (36) 40
128. Medusa head, (3) 28 189. Bes, unusual. (10) . 41
129. Bulla. (12) 28 190. Bes head. (26) 41
130. Forehead pendant. (21) 29 191. Tahuti of Panebes. (1) . 41
131. Knotted cord. (7) 29 192. Mahes. (8) . 41
132. Woven charm. (1) 29 193. Anhur and Tefnut. (2) . 41
133. Charm case. (18) 29 194. Sekhmet orBastet. (24). 41
134. Hypocephalus. (4)
135. Inscribed stone, Greek. (26)
136. Inscribed stone, non-Greek. (11)
.... 30
30
32
195. Aegis of Bastet. (15)
196. Shu and Tefnut. (3)
197.
42
42
42
.
Anpu. (23) .

137. Cross. (44) 32 198. 42

Upuatu. (1) .

VI
 CONTENTS
PACK HO.
199. Jackal-headed archer. (1) 42 239. Turtle. (4) 47
200. Shrewmouse figure. (1) . 42 240. Crocodile. (18) 48
201. Sebek. (1) 42 241. Waran. 48
(1)
202. Tehuti. (21) 42
203. Serpent-headed god. (4) ... 43
242. Lizard. (1)
243. Mt-ntu standard. (7)
244. Hawk-headed sphinx. (1)
... .
48
48
48
CHAPTER IX. 245. Hawk, falcon. (59) 48
246. Ostrich. (1) 49
ANIMAL GODS. (442) 247. Ibis. (12) 49
204. Ape 43 49
205. Ape
standing. (7)
seated. (4) 43
248. Vulture. (2)
249. Vulture flying. (2) ... 49
206. Baboon. (12)
207. Apis bull. (10)
43
43
250. Goat-sucker. (2)
251. Bird heads. (6) ....
. 49
49
208.
209.
Hathor cow. (6)
Hathor cow on square. (5) .
44
44
252. Coptic birds. (5)
253. Bird's foot. (1) ....
. 49
49
210.
211.
212.
Hathor head. (5)
Ram. (11)
Ram's head. (21)
44
44
44
254. Serpent with arms, Nehebka. (5)
255. Qarmut, nar. (3)
256. Oxyrhynkhos. (1)
....
. .
. 49
49
50
213. Hare. (4) 44 257. Bulti. (11) 50
214. Ibex. (2)
215. Barbary sheop.
216. Klipspringer. (1)
(1) .... 45
45
45
258. Electric fish. (7)
259. Lepidotos.
260. Scorpion. (4)
. 50
50
50
217. Camel. (1) 45 261. Green beetle. (6) . 50
218. Hawk-headed sphinx. (1) . 45 262. Shuttle. (2) 50
219. Lion. (16) 45 263. Woman with offerings. (1) . 60
220. Two lion fore-parts. (7). 45 264. Figure in tall head-dress. (1) 50
221. Lion's head. (4) 45 265. Figure in long robe. (2) 50
222. Lion and bull fore-parts. O . 45 26H. Figure in pointed cap. (2) 50
223. Two bull fore-parts. (3).
45 267. Flower. (:i)
50
224. Cat. (16) 46 268. Palm column. (1) . 50
46 Bunch of grapes. (1) 50
225. Cat in shrine. (2)
226. Two cats on column. (2) ...
.... 46
269.
270. Flowering reed. (1) ...
.... 51
227. Cat and kittens (3)
228. Set animal. (2)
229. Jackal standing. (5) ....
46
46
46
271.
272.
273.
Seed vessel. (3)
Unknown.
Two
(2)
fingers. (11)
....
.
61
51
51
230. Two jackal heads. (1)
231. Jackal couchant. (8)
232. Shrew mouse. (5)
....
. 46
46
46
274. Uncertain pendants. (2)
275. Star. (2)
51
51

233. Dog. (6)

46 CHAPTER X.
234. Pig. (5)
235. Hippopotamus. (5)
236. Taurt. (51)
.... 47
47
47
Positions of amulets
Properties of stones
51
52
List of groups of amulets 53
237. Hippopotamus head. (16) 47
238. Hedgehog. (1) 47 INDEX 55

Vll
 LIST OF PLATES
SIMILARS :
HUMAN GODS continued.

I. PARTS OF HUMAN BODY . . 1 17 XXVIII. OSIRIS, HEART OF OSIRIS

II. ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE . . 18 26 XXIX. ORACULAR BUSTS .

XXX. MIN TO NEFERTUM

POWERS :

HUMAN GODS DWARFS, SADJTS

:

III. SYMBOLIC HIEROGLYPHS . . 27 35 XXXI.

( ANIMAL-HEADED GODS HORUS-RA
:

IV. SYMBOLS OF ABILITY AND AUTHORITY 36 59

ANIMAL-HEADED GODS :

PROPERTY :

6272
V.

VI
[
FUNEREAL OFFERINGS
POSSESSIONS
PROTECTION, CELESTIAL
..... .
(60, 61)
7482
8385
PROTECTION :

VII. MUMMY, GIRDLE, FLAT SCARAB 8689

VIII. INSCRIBED SCARAB, BACKS
IX. INSCRIBED SCARAB, FRONTS .

X. PECTORALS
XI. SCARAB WITH LEGS AND WINGS
XII. VULTURE, SERPENT
XIII. CASES FOR REPTILES
XIV. HORN AND SHELLS.
XV. SHELLS,
BULLAE
FOREHEAD PENDANTS
.....
IMPLEMENTS, FIGURES,

XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
KNOTTED CORDS
KNOTTED CORDS
....
....
XIX. CORDS, WEAVING, CHARM CASES
XX.
XXI.
HYPOCEPHALI
INSCRIBED STONES, GREEK
....
XXII. INSCRIBED STONES, NON-GREEK
XXIII. INSCRIBED STONES, SEMITIC, CROSS.

HUMAN GODS :

XXIV. EYE OF HORUS .

XXV. EYE OF HORUS . . . .

XXVI. HORUS, Isis

XXVII. HORUS, Isis, OSIRIS, NEBHAT .

 It is intended that this volume shall be the first of a series

dealing with various branches of Egyptian Archaeology, based upon

the collection at University College.

In the succeeding volumes, the Scarabs, Cylinders, Button Seals,

Tools, Glass, Beads and other subjects will be discussed and illus-

trated, with reference also to other collections.

 AMULETS
CHAPTER I

THE PRINCIPLES OF AMULETS

1. THE
present study of Egyptian amulets is based upon the time of Pliny. It seems most likely that the name
the University College collection, which I have tried to had travelled with the Phoenicians, as they were the only
make as varied as possible some two hundred and seventy
; source of Semitic words in the western seas before the
different kinds of amulets are here described, together with Roman age perhaps Carthage was the intermediary. The
;

a summary of those in some other collections, in order to amulet therefore means something carried about by the
show the numbers and the materials of which amulets wearer, in order to get some magical benefits from it, apart
were usually made. To understand the purpose of these from any material use. In Egypt such amulets were also
amulets, it is needful to gain some general ideas from the put upon the dead for benefiting them in a future
use of amulets in other lands. The belief in the magic existence; and we can hardly deny the name to some kinds
effect of inanimate objects on the course of events is one of of from and set
objects copied personal amulets, up
the lower stages of the human mind in seeking for principles stationary in the house. In the records of amulets there is
of natural action it belongs to a condition of the intellect
; a great confusion with actual medicines, which we should
so low as to be incapable of clear reason about cause and nowadays recognise as acting by natural causes. The
effect. Yet it has become so ingrained a habit of thought line between Nature and magic has been but very slowly
during the vast ages before observation and induction were defined and what we look on as mere superstitions were
;

developed, that it survives the rise of

knowledge and reason- regarded as soundly logical remedies two thousand, or
ing among most people. The use of amulets is by no even two hundred, years ago. In extracting ideas from
means equally general in all races ; the lowest of mankind ancient writers it is therefore needful to set aside all internal
the Tasmanians had great confidence in the power of remedies, and some external ones which might be actually
amulets, the Shilluks of the Sudan wear them in a bunch, medicinal.
the Arabs have great faith in charms which are worn, and 3. The meaningof each of the amulets, and the purpose
Southern Italy in our own, as in Pliny's time abounds in for which was carried, is here considered, as that is the
it

amulets. Strange to say, a large part of the children of the real spirit and essence of the subject. Merely to catalogue
lower classes in England wear them and the extent to
;
amulets without any regard to their meaning, is much like
which persons of supposed education will wear charms and collecting pretty shells without knowing anything of the
mascots is an extraordinary revelation of the real fatuity creatures which produce them. The recent works of
and savagery of the mind of modern man. Yet other races Prof. Bellucci, of Perugia, on the Italian amulets ancient
seem early to have abandoned such thoughtless beliefs. and modern have set an excellent example of the intelli-

The Veddahs and the Algerians apart from Arab influence gent study of the subject. A paper by Cornm. Boni should
avoid amulets, and there is no allusion to amulets in the be noted for its wide view (Nuova Antologia, October 1st,
minute personal details of the Icelandic and Norse Sagas. 1912). Various general principles of the purpose of amulets
What is now required is an ethnological study of diffusion have been proposed, or might be considered. But, so far,
of amulets, which might throw light on the connections of the different theories have not been weeded by means of the
various peoples. test of actual instances. There may have been several
2. What is an amulet, and why is it used ? The name still different principles or starting points for the adoption of
defines it very well after two thousand years, and shows one amulets, or possibly only one broad idea has developed in
line of diffusion of the idea. The Arabic hamulet, a freight, various ways. To get some insight upon this, it is

burden, or thing carried, has passed in ancient times into necessary to try how far different instances can be explained
the west, as it had originated the Latin amuletus as early as by each view.
 THE PRINCIPLES OF AMULETS
and see whether there be cases which can be explained by
4. The explanations that are the more obvious are five:
another. To this we proceed.
of giving confidence and self- only one motive, or only by
(A) The psychic effect will explain such cases as the
with the result that the (A) The Confidence theory
reliance, and the intent to
live ;
in order to give strength (Eskimo),
wearer would be thus fortified to steer through dangers wearing of part of a bear
that terrible a leopard's claw to protect from wild beasts (Central Africa),
without faltering, or would be saved from
men as surely as dog's teeth to protect from a mad dog (Italy), a figure of a
weakening due to fear, which often kills
to get
To possess a charm which would siren for security (It.), a lizard with a forked tail
knife or poison kills.
luck (It.), and the wearing of written charms. But each
a vast advantage in lower forms of
defy tabu would be the effect
of these examples can equally be explained by (E),
culture.
of thought to any physical weakness of similars.
(B) The direction
and Other examples, such as a serpent's skin worn to guard
or disease, may have a very beneficial effect on illness ;

be explained by (C), (D)

the possession of an amulet supposed to benefit the patient, against the bite of reptiles, might
faith-healer and promote real recovery. or (E). Further examples are the figure of a heart worn
may easily act as a
for heart disease (It.), a lump of red coral for menstrua-
(C) The idea of a double or alter ego of different organs,
tion (It.), concretions and inclusions in stone for pregnancy
connected with them in a mystic way, may be a purpose of
(It.), which might
be equally well explained on any of the
amulets. In the tale of Anpu and Bata, the heart of Bata
and anything that happens to it happens five theories.
is set in a tree,
also to him. So it might be imagined that a kidney-stone, (B) The Faiththeory, or the effect of thought-directing,
will explain cases such as the fish worn for fecundity (It.),
a blood-stone, an eye-stone, or various other objects
with different organs, would by or the bat's head worn to prevent sleep (PLINY, xxx, 48) ;
supposed to be connected cases of the
the care and attention paid to them have a reflex action
in but these mayequally be explained by (E), as
involved. effect of similars. The use of galactitis, a soft white stone
strengthening the organ
to which evils worked up into a milky diffusion in water, and taken
(D) The provision of a vicarious double,
(PLINY, xxxvii, 59), might be
lactation
and diseases may be transferred from the body. An object internally for

the organ, might be or Other cases which might equally

resembling the disease, or a model of explained by (D) (E).

to receive the attacks of the malignant spirits to be explained by (C), (D) or (E) are the wearing of a red
supposed
stone of any kind against bleeding a milk-white stone for
whom diseases are usually credited, and so save the real ;

lactation; the Dentalium shell for teething; the nephrite

person.
called stone for the kidneys the operculum of a shell (" eye of
(E) The influence often "sympathetic magic" ;

which might perhaps best be named " the doctrine of S. Lucia ") for the eyes ;
an ivory ball like a breast, for

lactation a white and cold ivory tablet for fever (all in

similars." Objects which have a similarity one to another, ;

connected are in touch the bones of animals' heads for headache (PLINY,
are supposed to be necessarily they ; Italy) ;

influence which has to be xxix, 36) the wearing of the yellow Lyncurion stone for
with the abstract quality or ;

jaundice (PLINY, xxxvii, 13), or a tooth for

toothache (PLINY,
evoked :
they generally act by producing a similarity in
the person, but otherwise by averting a similarity, on the xxviii, 27).

taken place, and cannot There is another kind of thought-directing, which must
plea that the event has already
not be confounded with the above. Not only may the
therefore happen again.
the great majority of charms and amulets patient's thoughts be directed, but also the
No doubt usefully
of another person may be diverted away
recorded by writers, have merely been selected by reason of dangerous thoughts
casual connection. When any unusual event happened from the person who dreads them, by his wearing some
or bad the person looked for some cause in his own object to distract the attention.
In prehistoric times this
good
surroundings and if he carried, or did, anything unusual,
;
was done in Egypt by a bright white piece of shell hung on
it was naturally connected with the event. Then, no doubt, the forehead one case a bright piece of sheet copper
;
in

there was much theorizing from very mixed assumptions, was used. women wear in Egypt a bright
In modern times
in order to construct a charm for a given purpose. How gilt tubular ornament down the middle of the forehead and ;

human see in in Darnaraland a chief's daughter wore a disc of shell, hung

far folly can go in such a way anyone may
the tangible field of medicine by referring to ancient so that she could swing it over either eye (GALTON, Travels
in South Africa, ed. 1890, p. 63). For the same purpose
prescriptions.
When we look at the various possible motives for the use are the principal amulets against the evil eye in Italy. A
of amulets stated above, we may doubt whether any one facetted rock crystal, or even a bottle stopper, serves to catch

motive can account for the whole system, or whether the eye and thought of an observer and divert them from
several different motives have not been followed. Can all the wearer. Similarly the attention is easily diverted to
examples come under one explanation ? or how many sexual models, both kinds of which are reputed to be
explanations are needful ? powerful protectors. The unquestionable truth of this
5. The only way to study this is to select test instances, thought-directing away from the patient has no bearing
 THE PRINCIPLES OF AMULETS
upon the reality of the beneficial direction of the patient's which is durable and stronger than fire, worn to give long
own thoughts, or the Faith theory. life and strength ; a PEBBLE, which drops swiftly from a high
(C) The Double theory, or alter ego, according to which rock, put on the necks of puppies that they may be fleet and
an external double of an organ is so bound up with it that
strong ; the skin of a LITTLE AUK caught fighting put on a
benefits to one are conferred on both, will account for most dog that he may be a. fighter,
of the cases named. But where the wearer is unconscious In the Ileinwkringla (MAONUSSON and MORBIS, i, 55 6),
of the amulet, as a tooth worn for teething (Italy, PLINY, there is one of the nearest instances to an amulet in Norse
the foregoing theories, (A), (B), could not hold "
xxviii, 78), writing :
Swipdag let take the heart out of a wolf, and
good, but only the following, (D), (E). roast it on a spit, and gave it thereafter to Ingiald, the
(D) The Vicarious theory supposes that a model worn king's son, to eat and thenceforth became he the grimmest
;

spirits and ward them off the

will receive the attacks of of all men, and the evillest hearted." This is essentially an
actual person. This as we have noticed will account for instance of Similars.
most of the preceding cases. There are, however, some In Italy the very common use of flint arrowheads or fossil
amulets which are specially to be thus explained, such as " "
teeth called thunderstones to protect from lightning, or
the placing of lead amulets on swine to avert suppuration serpentine to protect from serpents (also PLINY, xxxvi, 11),
and vermin, the dull, sluggish metal hindering the sluggish can only be explained by Similars. The same idea is shown
evils (It.) ; the use of amber which has motes in it, or a
by putting a dragon's head under the door-sill for good
white opacity, for the benefit of the eyes (It.) ; the wearing fortune (PLINY, xxix, 20), i.e., trampling on evil influences;
of a tongue of a hyaena or a dog in the shoe to prevent dogs also by the frog, transfixed so that it cannot move away, to
barking (PLINY, xxvii, 42 xxix, 82) the use of a chilly
; ; ensure faithfulness (PuNY, xxxii, 18) while the effect of
;

frog against the chill of fever (PLINY, xxxii, 38) the well- ; opposites is shown by the hairs of a she-mule worn for
known heart or image pricked with pins or stabbed all of :
fertility (PLINY, xxx, 49). A complex amulet of watchful
these may be looked on as vicarious, or else as (E), animals is that of the eyes of river crabs, wrapped with the
similars. ilesh of a nightingale in a deer's skin, to give watchfulness
Somewhat like this is the scape-goat idea of a victim to (PLINY, xxxii, 38).
carry away the the transfer of scorpion poison by
evil, as in From these various examples of charms and amulets,
speaking in an ass's ear (PLINY, xxviii, 42), or the spitting which are compatible with the different theories that we
on a frog which is liberated to remove a cough (PLINY, xxxii, have considered, it appears that though some are consistent
29). with each of the theories, yet no theory will explain all of
6. All of the examples of the above theories of amulets them excepting Jhe theory of Similars, otherwise called
we have seen to be equally compatible with Sympathetic Magic. Other theories may give the explana-
(E) The doctrine of Similars, according to which objects tion of some cases they cannot be disproved as modes of
;

which are closely alike have such a connection that power thought. But every case which we have recounted as
over one, or possession of one, enables the wearer to critical evidence can be the result of beliefs in Similars ;

influence the other or to command like qualities. Here we and until some different class of beliefs can be proved to
at once find many cases which are explained by this belief, have existed, only legitimate to accept that belief as
it is

but which are not touched by any of the four preceding the underlying cause of all the uses of amulets which are
explanations or theories. One of the most instructive generally recognised.
accounts of amulets that by EASMUSSEN, describing the
is 7. There is also another class of amulets, which the
Eskimo in The People of the Polar North. The extreme wearer regards as entirely individual, and which result from
simplicity and directness of the ideas, and the absence of a casual observation of what happens to the person when

any magical or theistic complication renders this a classical certain objects are present. This is a lower form of belief
example of the doctrine of Similars. The amulet confers than that in the general applicability of an amulet it pre- ;

qualities or protects from danger and excepting the first

;
supposes no law, but a chance connection which is wholly
case which might be explained on the Confidence theory (A) unaccountable. Yet strange to say this least intel-

these examples can only be reasonably accounted for as lectual form of belief is that which appears commonest
"
Similars. The amulets are the skin from the roof of
: at present in mascots," carried by various classes of

the mouth of a BEAR, worn in a child's cap in order to be illogical persons. When we try to see some underlying
strong in danger ; the head or feet of a HAWK, sewn in a cause for such a savage survival we may observe that the
occupations of the wearers are those which seem
most to
boy's clothes in order that he may become a great hunter ;
a black GUILLEMOT'S foot, wornbecome great whalers ; a
to depend on chance, and least on continuous will. Actors,
gamesters and aviators, as well as motor racers, cling
RAVEN'S foot, worn to be satisfied with little ; a head of a FOX, to

worn to be cunning and guarded ; the head of a KITTIWAKE amulets, and all are dependent upon conditions which are
(which lays small epgs) put in a girl's clothes that she may not obviously in their own control. We may smile at the

give birth to small children ; a piece of a HEARTHSTONE, use of basilisk blood to gain success in petitions (PLINY,

B2
 THE PRINCIPLES OF AMULETS
xxix, 19,) was more reasonable to believe in some
;
but it animistic, while the other shows the sense of law, even

general law on the matter than to believe in the effect of a if entirely misapplied.
man smoking a cigar opposite a theatre door to gain a 9. When we read the pages of Pliny regarding ancient

profitable audience for the play. We may not believe in Italy, or Bellucci about modern Italy, we perceive how
a star-fish smeared with foxes' blood, and nailed with copper largely organic objects are adopted as amulets.These, in
nails over a door to repel evil (PLINY, xxxii, 16) but we see ;
the nature of things, have been but rarely preserved for
an ex-prime minister wearing a swastika for luck, and long ;
and even when found their meaning is not easily

talking heartily about it to uneducated boys. While no one recognised. A mere twig a scrap of fur might
of a tree, or

now wears the shoulder of a chamaeleon to ensure be casually left in a grave without a meaning while a
right ;

victory (PLINY, xxviii, 29), we yet read of aviators wearing carefully wrought stone or pottery object is clearly

particular trinkets for their safety. On the whole the intentional. Hence we find what is in any case but a small
power of irrational belief seems to have gained, rather than part of the whole mass of amulets that have been in use.
lost its hold in modern times. The nature of the beliefs such things is doubtless
in
8. The primitive mode of thought seems unchanged by in continual flux like all matters which have not been fixed
all that has past. The untamed mind of man appears to by reduction to a written can hardly realise
form. We
be continually feeling vaguely for different avenues to how the thoughts of early man must
have been incessantly
success reason is so little developed that benefit seems
; shifting and changing their form, like an amoeba. We are
only to be reached by trying blindly in all directions. I so accustomed to reduce ideas to a written definition, which
have often been surprised at the helpless way in which perpetuates them unaltered until they are entirely out of
Egyptians will do things on the chance of success. They date, and passed by in further growth, that we cannot feel
will follow some vague rumour perhaps at third-hand of the sense of ideas fluctuating with the individual.
all A
a benefit or a gain, merely to see if any good result comes. popular belief, such as that in amulets and charms is one
It seems like the white ants making tunnels in all of the last things to be fixed by writing, and hence it has

directions, on the chance of hitting something eat, to been exposed longer to the waves of changing thoughts.
without any guide from the senses. This incessant Even Roman law was not crystallized into writing till well
vague searching, whenever succeeds, produces a belief
it into the historic age ; and at the other end of the scale of
that any casual connection with other incidents is a real certainties such vague beliefs as those in amulets must
cause of success ;
the least intelligent think that their have been continually shifting.
success only individual to them, and cling to any
is 10. In Italy at present we see the result of a long course of

tangible link as a "mascot" the more intelligent seek ; decay of beliefs. Of all the purposes of amulets, very nearly
for some law, and frame one of the innumerable gene- half are against the evil eye, and these are most incongruous
ralities about wolves' tongues, dragons' tails, or serpents' in their nature shells, claws, horn, teeth, toads, crescents,
eggs, which choke the pages of Pliny and many other old crystal, agate, everything seems equally
madrepore
writers. applicable. This great variety must have originated in very
This subject of individual amulets, or " mascots," does different ideas of connection the purposes must have been
;

not belong to our present work the distinction should ; very diverse originally. But all have been blended into
however be observed between this and the general amulet, one general idea of averting the ill will of another person ;

and we should regard the difference of the much lower grade and has passed further into the stage of averting mere
this
of superstition from which it originates. The individual ill-luck brought by another person without
any intention.
amulet regards only chance connection without any law or Such a jumble of different beliefs into one generality shows
reason the general amulet is in the first groping stage of
; that there has been a long time for the details to be
the acquisition of general laws, which eventually lead to the forgotten, and for one vague idea to be substituted for the
orderly view of organic nature. Both are absurd to anyone specific observations of chances, out of which a multitude
with the least real knowledge yet the one is hopelessly ;
of beliefs had arisen.

CHAPTER II

EGYPTIAN AMULETS
11. The subject of Egyptian amulets is one that appeals The whole subject of amulets is an immense one, and
both to the reader of folk lore, as well as to the Egyptologist, there is no general work of reference
giving the ideas of
and hence it is needful here to deal with some elementary various lands. Nor is this intended to deal with other
details which may not be familiar to one side or to the other. than Egyptian amulets, though many collateral examples
 EGYPTIAN AMULETS
are here introduced in order to explain them, and to besides the tomb there the model of a dwelling house and
is

illustrate their use. Studying thus with a past civilisation furniture. (4) Beginning in the early pyramid age there
we are almost cut off from the largest class of amulets, those are the sculptured objects in relief, where the master is
"
ofanimal and vegetable nature, so that this point of view portrayed as "beholding all his farm and servants in full

here is but a partial one. On the other hand the Egyptian activity,and hunting in the desert or on the river. (5) As
was so industrious and believed so completely
in imitation, the model was succeeded by the relief, so that was succeeded
in the virtue of models, that he carried out his ideas in in turn by the painting, beginning in the Vlth
dynasty,
imperishable material more widely than any other people. and fully developed in the Xllih. (6) Symbols were then
The great variety of over two hundred and seventy different substituted for the objects such as the model altar, or vase,
amulets used in Egypt, and the amount of light thrown on or food, placed as an amulet with the body. (7) Besides
them by statements of their properties, or descriptive names, amuletic substitutions for real objects, amulets were
renders Egypt one of the most favourable lands for a adapted to confer powers, such as the crowns, or sceptres, or
general study of the subject. verbal charms stating that the deceased was a god and must
12. In handling a subject which ramifies so widely, we be obeyed as such. The wish to have actual objects buried
must begin by some definitions and limitations. The still Egypt where food and even a bed may be
lasts in

principle of amuletic virtue extends to most of the placed with the dead. In England the same feeling is by
sepulchral remains of the Egyptians. The model offer- no means extinct, as in 1912 a boot maker ordered that
ings, pictorial scenes of and ushabti figures of slave
life, there should be buried with him a last, hammer, nails,
workers, provided in the tomb, are all based on the unfinished boots and a piece of leather.
principle of Similars such necessarily differ from amulets
;
It appears that we must define amulets
broadly as objects
worn by the living in their being more extensive, and not worn by the living, without any physical use but for magical
suspended from the person. As for the dead, so also for benefits, or placed with the dead, or sat up in the house for
the living, there are some classes of amulets numerous its magical protection, apart from deities for household
enough to form whole subjects in themselves, apart from their worship.
amuletic aspect such are the scarabs with royal names,
;
14. The material used for the present study
mainly is

with other personal names, with charms, and with devices the collection which have made during the last thirty
I

of unknown purport also the plaques with similar devices,

; years in Egypt, now taken over by University College. At
and the foreign class of button seals. Each of these classes first a collection purchased by a visitor or worker in

is soimportant and numerous that we cannot include them in Egypt is naturally miscellaneous and casual gradually ;

a detailed account with other amulets. Nor is it possible to certain lines claim more interest, and besides the main
divide between amulets for the living and for the dead, though pursuit of scarabs, tools, technical work, weights, and
many kinds belong exclusively to one or other category. pottery, the curious variety of out-of-the-way amulets has
In general any object with a means of suspension on the proved attractive. Further information was also obtained
person, and not of immediate use or ornament, must be from the regular excavations as to the positions in which
classed as an amulet. The figures of the gods with loops for amulets are found upon the body, and the detailed accounts of
suspension we include as amulets, while those which were such here recorded are almost the only observations 3 et pub- r

stood on a base must be treated along with all other images lished on this matter.The dates of various amulets were
of divinities. Unfortunately the detail of the suspending ring also obtained from excavations, and in this as in other
or hole is not noted in catalogues where following descrip-
; subjects the miscellaneous material purchased is immensely
tions, Ihave therefore accepted all figures under two inches enhanced in its meaning and interest by the precise infor-
high ('05 m.) as amulets, and left larger figures apart. The mation gathered in scientific work. While the commoner
great development of amulets for the dead is peculiar to amulets are illustrated by splendid examples in the national
Egypt elsewhere they are found, but not with such variety
; collections, there is no series nearly as complete as the
and detail. In China the substitutes of paper or pottery figures present one for the rarer and more obscure amulets, only
of slaves, and paper dollars, is of the same purpose but the ;
ten being absent.
great extent of symbolic amulets in Egypt is unparalleled. Besides this collectionmany early discoveries and pur-
13. The stages of the growth of the amulet system in chases of mine went to Miss Edwards for her collection,
Egyptian burials can be historically traced more completely bequeathed to University College these, along with other
;

than elsewhere. (1) In the earliest graves, such as the pre- objects from my excavations that
have
been presented to
historic, whole objects were buried. (2) In the later pre- the college, are all included in the present catalogue. In
historic and early historic time, the objects were deliberately order to preserve a record, the number of examples in the
broken or " killed." (8) In the early dynasties models of original Edwards collection
is marked E, and those added

objects appaar ; besides the jars of grain there are small by the Petrie collection and discoveries are marked P. Of
model granaries besides the jars of beer and joints of meat
; course, nothing resembling finality is possible in this, or any
here are models of food and, in the Xth Xlth dynasties,
; other, branch of archaeology ; but the time has come for
 EGYPTIAN AMULETS
taking stock of the subject, classifying the various details,
nouvel Empire, 1904, Cairo) ; (D) various scattered allusions
and making a platform for planning further investigations and mythological references and figures and (E) references ;

and seeing clearly the value of any fresh information. from other countries, which may help us to understand
Other collections have been referred to, partly from the ideas when no explanation remains in Egypt.
16. The amulets named in the MacGregor papyrus are
catalogues published, such as the excellent ones of Turin,
St. Petersburg, and Cairo. The difficulty in using such is each stated to be of gold, which is omitted in the copy here
the defect of some information ;
in the Turin and given. There is also a list of amulets of Osiris given on the
St. Petersburg catalogues the details of form are often upper part of the temple of Dendereh, and copied here
vague in the Cairo catalogue the drawings are ample, but
; (pi. xlviii) from the publication by MABIETTB, Dendereh,

the nature of the material is very imperfectly stated. Of iv, 87. They are there classed according to their material,

the British Museum there is no detailed catalogue, and the and after each name of material a dividing line is here
excessive from double glass often makes the
reflection inserted. The materials named are Uher or Heru, which,
material indistinguishable. It is hoped that the photo- by the nature of the amulets and coming first, is probably

examples, and the definition a form of the Greek Khrusos. An. en. deb,
graphs here given of nearly all gold, perhaps
" Edfu" the house in Mariette's
of the material, will leave but few uncertainties. It should probably stone of sign
; copy
is probably the square block of stone. Mefkat, MefkatAmen,
be noted that in many types this collection has been
severely weeded, so as to omit duplicates where of no Meflcat o/Kharu (Syria) was a green mineral in general,
: this

additional importance whereas the national collections, by

; including turquoise, malachite, and probably chrysocolla: that
their conditions, are swelled by numerous duplicates, kept from Amen was probably western, from Kharu, Syrian.
for their beauty and attractiveness, or obtained as part Neshen is green felspar. Kartef? of Rutennu (Syria),
of large acquisitions. The scientific value of a collection unknown. Sef. s. taken ? Sef is the name of white quartz

depends upon the scope and variety of it, rather than on the (Kennard tablet), and tahcn is amethyst this is therefore ;

brilliance of particular specimens. amethystine quartz. Sliestcb, a late form of Khesdeb, lazuli.
15. In the treatment of this catalogue, the figures which Kes. ankh, alabaster. Qo or Qedu is unknown, another form
have diverse such as the vulture are is Qy ; being used for the plummet and square which are
may meanings
nevertheless classed together, as it would be difficult, or usually of haematite, this was probably the material. Seher,
impossible, to determine in all cases which was the intended the "charming" stone, is unknown. So also is liehet.
meaning. Such figures are therefore placed under the first Khencm usually jasper, as it is the material of the girdle
is

important heading to which any of them may refer, with tie amulet, but it is sard on the Kennard tablet. The
cross-references from other headings. It is needless to give reference numbers of the amulets in this volume are put
minute verbal descriptions or dimensions, when the photo- below each column.
graphs are before the reader, and are of the actual size, 17. On examining the two hundred and seventy different

except in a very few instances which are specially noted. kinds of amulets found in Egypt, there are only about a
The first principle of a modern catalogue is to have full and dozen which remain unclassed, and without any known
clear pictures of every object, and then to build upon that meaning ; these are dealt with last of all. The various
such description as is needful to supplement the picture. ascertained meanings may be completely put in order under
Unhappily all existing catalogues including that of Cairo five great classes, in which the amulets are here arranged.

have begun at the wrong end, with a verbal description These are (I) the amulets of Similars, which are for influenc-
supplemented by a picture. The modern conditions of ing similar parts, or functions, or occurrences, for the wearer :

illustrations developed in the last few years have com- (II) the amulets of Powers, for conferring powers and

pletely reversed the old idea, and there is no excuse now for capacities, especially upon the dead (III) the amulets of:

burdening a reader with a description of what can be Properly,which are entirely derived from the funeral
grasped with a tenth of the time and thought in a picture. offerings, and are thus peculiar to Egypt (IV) the amulets :

The principle of the arrangement of this catalogue is for Protection, such as charms and curative amulets (V) the :

that it should follow the real life of the subject the mean- figures of Gods, connected with the worship of the gods
ing attached to each amulet rather than any external and their functions.
feature of form or material. These meanings of the amulets As international names are desirable in dealing with any
are given by various sources principally by (A) the chapters
; scientific classification, and one word is preferable to a
of the Book of the Dead which refer to the amulets (B) ; descriptionwhen handling a subject, it is best to have a
the very full list of seventy-five amulets, with their explana- proper name for each class, independent of English. The
tory names, in a papyrus of that Book, belonging to the Similars may be termed Homopoeic (from o/*o?, like, or same,
Rev. William MacGregor, which is here transcribed from and iroifia, I do, or make) the amulets of Powers we call
;

the photograph published by Dr. CAPAET (Z. A. S. xlv, 14) ; Dynatic(hom Swarog, able, powerful, adequate) ; the Property
(C) the analysis of the objects represented upon coffins in amulets Ktematic (from KT%ia, goods, possessions) ; the Pro-
Cairo, published by M. LACAU (Sarcophagea anteneurs au tective amulets, Phylactic (from $uAa/mKos, fitted to guard,

6
 EGYPTIAN AMULETS
"
familiar in the term phylacteries ") and the amulets of
;
these amulets of each class is here given, in the Contents of
Gods, Theophoric (from fcos, god, and $opo, I bear, or wear). this volume. For purpose of reference each kind of amulet
Our classes then are called here amulets of has a number assigned to it, the same in the text and in
Similars, or Homopoeic. the plates; each separate specimen shown has a letter
Powers, or Dynatic. added to the number as 6k, 154c, and duplicates which are
Property, or Ktematic. here stated without illustration have a second number as
Protection, or Phylactic. 6k2, or 15*c 3.
Gods, or Theophoric. The transliteration of Egyptian is that followed in the
Of these classes the Similars are undoubtedly the most Student's History, except that the arm, din is rendered by

primitive, being found among races like the Eskimo who For the reed, a is continued, as
its historical equivalent o.

have no other amulets, and being the basis of the Italian its written equivalent is aleph whenever rendered in Semitic
ideas of amulet. The Powers and Property amulets are names, and the value i or y is a theoretical early stage,
of which not a single transliteration is known. The golden-
entirely Egyptian, and originate with the models of the
funeral furniture, arising, therefore, after the development headed vulture is short 5. For very familar names the
of the funeral system. The Protective amulets are a later usual forms are retained, as Isis, Horus, Ra, etc.

class, depending on quasi-medical ideas, or verbal incanta- In the record of specimens, groups are numbered which
tions or prayers written down. Lastly, the figures of Gods have been found together a list of such groups is placed
;

belong to the age of a developed theology. The list of all at the end of the volume.
 SYSTEM OF THE CATALOGUE
the ancient Egyptian name, with reference Collezione inviata all' esposizione . . . di Torino. 1898.
Name, is

when not in dictionaries. 104 pp.

is the Egyptian meaning if known also that in Am. BELLUCCI. Gli Amuleti. Perugia, 1908. 64 pp.,
Meaning, ;

other lands for comparison. 86 fig.

Period, stated in dynasties, I to XXX.

is Fet. BELLUCCI. II Feticismo primitive in Italia. Peru-

Figures, describes the figures in the plates from amulets gia, 1907. 158 pp., 74 fig.
in University College. The number of the class of amulet LANZ.LANZONE, E. V. Dizionario di Mitologia Egizia.
is stated : the following letter refers to the specific example ;
1312 pp., 408 pi.
where a number follows the letter it refers to duplicates of LACAU. LACAU, Sarcopliages anterieurs au nouvel Empire.
the lettered examples, not usually figured in the plates. 1904.
Material, includes the total number of examples of each Alnwick. BIRCH, S., Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities at
material in this collection and in others which have been Alnwick. 1880.
One new term is used for indurated Cairo. KEISNER, Amulets. Cairo
published or noted. G., Catalogue of
rnud or ash, which is of the composition of slate, but with- Museum. 1908.
out a slatey fracture. As no usual word was available, it is Edinburgh. MURRAY, M. A., Catalogue of Egyptian
here called Durite ;
it has been usually confounded with the Antiquities in National Museum. 1900.
fused rock, basalt. Price. PRICE, HILTON, Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities.
Collection, states the number of examples in each collec- 1897.
tion, to show how far common the amulet is. Univ. Coll. St. Petersburg. GOLENISCHEFF, W. Erinitagc Imperial.
refers to the collection at University College, London, Inventaire de la Collection Egyptiennc. 1891. 386 pp.

catalogued here ;
after it with P. is stated the number Turin. LANZONE, R. V. Regio Musco di Torino. Anti-
collected by Petrie, with E. the number by Miss Edwards, chita Egizie. 1882. 484 pp.

mainly also collected by Petrie. The Athens collection is from my notes. The Murch
The principal books referred to are : collection (now in New York) is from the notes of Mr. A. C.

BELL. BBLLUCCI, Dr. Giuseppe, Catalogo . . . della Mace.

 CHAPTEE III

AMULETS OF SIMILARS
HOMOPOEIC AMULETS, 126.
THIS class of amulets is the most primitive in its nature, Varieties and Period. In the Old Kingdom it is usually
but in Egypt it was mainly adapted to the service of the roughly cut in carnelian or sard. In Roman times it is
dead. In order that the various functions of life should be made in black steatite without a neck.
continued, models of the different parts of the body were Figure*. group 1 2b, carnelian, group 2
2a, carnelian, ; ;

placed with the mummy. Thus the amulets would ensure 2b green felspar, group
2, 9 2c, carnelian, group 3 2d, e,
; ;

the seeing, hearing, taste, force to act, use of the hands bone, group 5; 2f, blue glaze, group 12; 2f 2, carnelinn,
and the feet, and other functions. Other similars would group 7 (2a to f about Vlth dynasty); 2g, blue glaze,
ensure growth and flourishing, watchfulness, and protection black lines, XVIIIth dynasty 2h, onyx rudely cut as a face, ;

from wild beasts. In this way the safety, well-being, and Roman ('?); 2j, black steatite, Roman 2k, 1, pi. xliv, black ;

activity of the dead in a future life were secured by the steatite, Roman.
appropriate similar placed with the body. These amulets Materials. Carnelian 10, Black steatite 3, Blue glaze 2,
are classed here as parts of the body, from the head down- Bone 2, Green felspar 1, Onyx 1.

ward (1 17), and then the animal figures which would Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 23, Murch 6, British
ensure the welfare of the body (1826). Museum 3.

3. UZAT EVE.
1. HEAD BEARDED. Name. The
tuat eye is that of Horns, the markings
Name. Tep name
of the bearded head from the
is the below it being derived from the feather pattern on a hawk's
earliest times. In the hieroglyph the beard is turned up cheeks.
at the end, like the beard of the men of Punt, and the hair Meaning. As the eye of Horns it will be dealt with
is worn long this seems to be an earlier type than that of
;
under 138 to 142. Here it is to be included as being
the historic Egyptian. placed upon the left side of the coffin, opposite to the head,
Meaning. The chief or head-man, but possibly referring, in order that the deceased might have the power of seeing
as an amulet, to the power of the senses. out. The deceased being identified with Horus, he is able
Varieties. A, single face. B, face front and back. C, to see by means of the eye of the god.
head and shoulders. Varieties. Sometimes inlaid with obsidian, white lime-
Period. XXV Ptolemaic (?). stone, lazuli, blue glass, or copper, in the wood of the coffin.

Figures. la, blue-green glaze, bluer in hollows, flat Otherwise painted on the coffin.
back, loop broken from top lb, yellow green glaze, face
;
Period. Inlaid in XHth dynasty, from Assyut 28,118
front and back, notch between two beards Ic, amber head ; (Cairo), from Dahshur 28,100 (Cairo); painted in IVth,
(of child ? ) and shoulders. See as lb from Saft, in Tarkhan and Xllth, Rifeh (Manchester) (Gizeh and
;

Hyksos and Israelite Cities, xxxvii a. Rifeh, pi. x a) and many in Cairo.
;

Materials. Green glaze 2, Ic Amber.

4. EYE.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 3.
Name. Ari.

Meaning. The power of sight.

2. FACE.
Varieties. Single, or three together.
Name. Her means
the face, always figured front view, Period. XXIII (?), Roman.
with a short, wide beard, different from that of Tep. See Figures. 4a, green glaze ;
4a 2, gold foil found at Ha wara,
the foreign figure in Hierakonpolis, pi. i. Roman ; 4b, blue-green glaze ;
4b 2, same ;
4b 3, same, in a
Meaning. While as a hieroglyph it means "facing" or square.
" Gold
over-against," it is probably used as an amulet of the Materials. Green glaze 4, 1.

power of the senses. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 3, E. 1.

A.
 AMULETS OF SIMILARS
5. EAR. Period. In Vlth, carnelian, but rare ;
in XVIIIth, of

carnelian, gold or glass very ;

common in various materials
"
Name. Mes-zer, Producing the distant," a functional in XXVIth. Ptolemaic.
name. Figures. Type A, 7a, 7b, 7bb (pi. xlv), carnelian ; 7a2,
Meaning. The power of hearing; when a mummy calcite ; 7a 3, green felspar ; 7c, clear green glass with
when on a prayer tablet,
amulet, for conferring hearing yellow and white stripes, XVIII 7cc, gold (pi. xliii) ; 7d,
;
;

for gaining the ear of the god. violet glaze, with wreath and lotus pendant upon it, possibly
Varieties. A, simple ear. B, ear incised on a tablet. a vase model, XVIII 7e, red and white jasper ; 7f, red and ;

Period. XVIII. white breccia ;

7f 2, red and white breccia burnt brown ; 7g,
Figures. 5a, b, blue glaze, flat back, pierced with hole see type E 7h, light blue glass ; 7h 2,
blue paste
; 7g 2, ;

for suspension ; Sa 2, full blue glaze ; 5c, green glaze on blue glass, Zuweleyn 7h 3, grey serpentine 7h 4, red glass ;
; ;

schist. For tablets see Memphis I.

7j, lazuli 7j 2, green volcanic ash
; 7j 3, serpentine ; 7j 4, ;

Materials. Blue glaze, 4. basalt Zuweleyn 5, brown steatite 7j 6, black steatite

7j ; ; ;

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. E. 1.

3,
7j 7, green glaze ; 7j 8, bronze ; 7j 9, 10, white limestone
Nebesheh)
(8, 9, 10, 7k, dark brown jasper 7k 2, black
; ;

6. TONGUE. and green serpentine, 7k 3, sard 7k 4, blue-green glaze ; ;

Name. Nes. 71, blue glaze, trace of wreath round shoulder, XVIII 711 ;

Meaning. Power of speech. (pi. xliv), green glaze, Illahun, XXII ; 7m, violet glaze, with
Period. Roman. bright blue inlay of crescent and heart sign 7p, rough blue ;

Figures. See Labyrinth, xxxvi, p. 36. glaze, Ptolemaic, Dendereh, group 21. Type C, 7o, light
Material. Gold. green glaze, same marks on both side 7o 2, dark blue ;

Position. In mouth. glaze, same marks. Type D, 7n, blue glaze, Ptolemaic,
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2, Manchester 2, Oxford Dendereh, group 26 7n 2, blue glass, burnt. This type
;

Anthrop., 2, 1 each in Brussels, Munich, Boston, Chicago, appears also in the heart scarabs, where the akhet bird is
Glasgow, Leicester, Aberdeen, Bolton. figured on the back. Type E, 7g, calcite.
Materials. Carnelian and sard 26, Basalt 19, Blue glaze
16,Green glaze 15, Haematite 15, Variegated glass 9, Lazuli
7. HEART.
8, Porphyry 8, Limestone 8, Green jasper 8, Steatite 6,
Names. The physical heart is named db, and also hati Serpentine 6, Gold 5, Quartz 4, Beryl 4, Bed limestone 4,
the chief part as referring to the will ; but the amulet of Red jasper 4, Obsidian 3, Prase 3, Agate 3, Blue glass 8,
the heart is named opert on the coffins, and in the title of Amethyst 2, Red glass 2, Red and white breccia 2, 1 each of
the chapter (LA.CAU, p. 125). The chapters relating to the Brown jasper, Green felspar, Green volcanic ash, Pink
heart in the Book of the Dead are the 26th, to be engraved granite, Granite, Calcite, Alabaster, Black glass, Bronze,
"
on lazuli, Whereby the heart is given to a person in the Gilt wood.
"
underworld the 27th, to be engraved on green felspar,
; Positions. 6 on neck ;
2 on left breast ;
15 from top
" the heart of a person is not taken from him in down to low on chest.
Whereby
"
the underworld the 28th and 29th with the same title
; ; Cairo 51, Univ. Coll. P. 27, E. 14, St.
Collections.
"
the 29th B, Another chapter of the heart upon carnelian. Petersburg 33, Turin 21, Athens 17, Alnwick 13, Price 9,
I am the Heron, the soul of Ea, who conducts the glorious Edinburgh 7, Murch 7.

ones to the Duat. granted It is to their has to come forth

upon the earth, to do whatsoever their ha willeth. It is

granted to the ba of the Osiris to come forth upon the N

8. BREAST.
earth to do whatsoever his ka willeth." This chapter is
referred to by the figure of the heron or akhetbird upon the Names. Menz.
backs of some hearts and heart scarabs. The 30th chapter Power of lactation. An worn in
Meaning. ivory ball is
isthat inscribed on the heart scarabs, and will be given milk (BELL., xii,
Italy for the increase of 11).
under 90, the heart scarab. Varieties. Flat to rounded.
Meaning. The power of living and will. In Italy a heart Period. All Ptolemaic and Roman.
of bone is worn against the evil eye and heart disease Figures. 8a, wax Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 20
gilt, ;

(BELL., xii, 10 xiii, 11, 18).

;
8b, blue glaze with black nipple, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,
Varieties. A, plain without side projections.
B, with group 21.
side projections of arteries. C, with marks on the front, Materials. Blue-green glaze 1, Gold foil 1, Wax 1,
gilt
as figs. 7m, o. D, with the akhet bird, representing the Wood gilt 1.
spirit or illumination which resides in the heart, as fig. 7n. Position. On breast.
E, with the sun's disc over it, as 7g. Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 8,

10
 AMULETS OF SIMILAHS
9. ARM. 18. FIST, THUMB BETWEEN FIRST AND
Names. Bent Qeb forearm Remen. ;
SECOND FINGERS.
Meaning. Power of action. Name. Unknown.
Varieties. A, benfc. B, straight. Meaning. Sexual power (?). Against evil eye in Italy,
Period. A VI. BELL., xv, 11.
Figures. Greenish-blue glaze. Type B, green glaze, Varieties. Right and Left.
Turin. Period. Roman.
Materials. Green glaze 2. Figures. 13a, dark blue glaze; 13b, dark blue glaze
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 1, Turin 1. with yellow points, group 22.
Materials. Blue glaze.
10. TWO ARMS. Collections. Cairo R. 4, L. 1, Turin 3, Univ. Coll. P. 2.

Name. Ka, from 1st dynasty onwards ; implying the

activities of the will. 14. TWO HANDS SIDE BY SIDE.
Meaning. The power of will and intention.
Name. Unknown.
Period. XVIII. United action
Meaning. (?)
Figure. lOa, blue glaze, flat back; 10a2, green glaze, Period. VI.
Riqqeh, 257.
Figure. 14, blue glaze, Mahasna, tomb 13.
Material. Blue or green glaze. Material. Blue glaze.
Collections. Cairo 2, Univ. Coll. P. 2, Brit. Mus. 1.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

11. HAND OPEN.

Name. Det. 15. LEG.
Meaning. Power of action. Name. Uort.
Varieties. Right and Left.
Meaning. Power of walking. In Italy a leg carved in
Period. VI. bone is an evil eye charm (BELL., xiii, 19).
Figures. Ha, bone, group 6 ; lib, c, d, caruelinn ; He, Period. Vth and Vlth dynasties.
f,green glaze ; llg, green glaze, Zaraby. See Deshasht-h, Figures 15a, carnelian whitened, showing ankle bone,
xxvi, 4, 10, 13 ;
2 of carnelian 1 grey agate. ; left leg 15a 2, smaller, group 2 ISb, carnelian 15b2, light
; ; ;

Materials. Carnelian 29, Green glaze 3, Bone 2, Grey brown agate; 15c, light red agate, showing heel; 15c2,
agate 1. similar, smaller; 15c 3, sard, group 7; 15d, milky and
Position. Wrist. brown agate; 15e, sard; also 15e 2, 3 ; 15e4, group 1;
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 12, Brit. Mus. 5, Turin 4, 15e 5, 6, group 2 15f, sard, group 14.
;

Cairo 4, Murch Of those where the side

3, Price 3. is Materials. Sard or Carnelian 21, Glaze 1.

rioted there are 12 right hands, 16 left hands. Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 15 (groups 1, 2, 7, 14), Murch
4, Brit. Mus. 3.
12. FIST CLENCHED.
10. PHALLUS.
Name. Khefo. Name. Moza, Moza-kherti entire (MacG. 40).
Meaning. Vigorous action, as in the determinative hiero- Period. Only Roman.
glyph of action.
Figures. 16a, blue glaze with yellow ; 16b, red glass, and
Varieties. Bight and Left.
16b2, group 23 16c, d, gold, Memphis, group 27.
;

Period. VI; 12d, e, Roman. Materials. Gold 2, Green glaze 4, Green glaze with
Figures. 12a, sard, group 3 12a 1 group 1
3, sard,
yellow points 1, Red glass 2, Haematite 1.
; ;

12a 4 6, sard, groups 6, 7, 8 12b, sard, group 3 12b

; ;
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 5 (groups 23, 27), E. 2, St.
2, 3, group 1 12b
green felspar, group 3; 12c, bone,
4,
;
Petersburg 2. The whole figures (16e, green glaze) are
group 13 12c 2
group 1 12c 5, group 3 12d,
4, sard,
; ; ;

entirely of Graeco-Roman age, and there is no trace of any

steatite, crescent and other signs on base; 12d 2, steatite Univ. Coll. P. E.
such amulet in use by Egyptians. 1, 1,
bird on base; 12e (pi. xlvi), steatite, crescent. This type,
green glaze.
12d, e, seems to be Roman, under Syrian or Asianic
17. SMA.
influence. See Dcshasheh, xxvi, 17, 19, 20, 24 ; 3 of
" "
carnelian : 1 brown limestone. Name. Sma, union (LACAU, 80); also By, "joy" or
" " "
Materials. Carnelian 23, Steatite 2, Blue glaze 2, Green ecstasy (LACAU, 88) ; comp. French fille de joie."
felspar 1, Brown limestone 1, Bone 1. Meaning. Union, see earliest form Idt dynasty, Royal
Position. Wrist. Tombs, ii, II.
Univ. Coll. P. 17, Price 3, Brit. Mus.
Collections. 2. Of Period. Form figured on VI XIII coffins as an.emblem ;

those noted there are 15 right fists, 5 left fists. amulets all of XXVI.

11
 A M!U L E TJS OF SIMILARS
Position. On neck on chest right arm (1)
17a, b, c, e, obsidian; 17d, black porphyry. (1) (7) ; ;
;
Figures.
Materials. Obsidian 25 (?), Haematite 2, Black porphyry lower part of stomach (1).
Yellow limestone 1. Collections. Cairo A 33, B 1, C 1, Univ. Coll. P. 20,
1,
Position. Base of stomach, umbilicus. St. Petersburg 14, Murch 11, Turin 10, Alnwick 10, Price

Collections. Cairo 16, Univ. Coll. P. 5, Turin 2, St. 9, Athens 4, Edinburgh 1.

Petersburg 2, Alnwick 2, Price 2.

19. FLY.
Name. Ofef (Z. A. S., 1888, 78).
18. FROG AND TOAD.
Meaning. The collar of gold flies, given to a very active
Names. Heqt=Rana, Frog. Abnekh for Ab-nekhekh,
fighter in XVHIth dynasty
(BREASTED Records, ii, 23, 585,
" man "=Bufo Toad. that the was an emblem of activity or
spotty old (?) 587) suggests fly

Meaning. The tadpole is the hieroglyph for 100,000. swiftness the manner in which the decoration is named
;

The frog is the emblem of Heqt, the goddess of birth, and almost indicates that there was a corps of aides de camp
it would appear
to symbolise fecundity. A bowl with frogs thus decorated. The great collar of gold flies found with
modelled over the interior and round the edge, found at
all the jewels of Aah-hotep and Kames is in Cairo.
Tell Rotab (Hi/ksos and Israelite Cities, pis xxxii, xxxiv B), Varieties. The fly with rounded wings appears distinct
might well be for giving potions against sterility. There from a sharper-bodied form with pointed wings.
is, however, another meaning suggested by
a frog-pattern Period. Prehistoric, XII and XVIII.
" "
lamp, with the quotation I am the Resurrection (LANZONE, Figures. 19a, green serpentine ; 19b, c, pink limestone,
Diz. Mit. 853), which has been accepted as indicating the prehistoric ; 19d, d 2, red jasper ;
XVIIIth dynasty
19e, gold, ;

meaning of the frog. As however the frog is one of the 19f, black glaze; 19f, 212, blue paste, Kahun, XII 19g, ;

commonest types of lamps (Roman Ehnasya, pi. Ixiii, Ixiv), green glaze, Kahun, XII (pi. xliv) 19h, green glaze (pi. ;

be no connection between it and a text quoted on See also

there may xlvi); 19j, string of yellow glaze, late XVIII.
the lamp. 131e 19k, dragon fly, XII, Kahun (xlv).
;

Varieties. There appeartwo more species repre-

to be Materials. Yellow glaze 30, Blue paste 13, Gold 4, Green
sented, a wide form, the toad, with the legs hidden by the 3, Lazuli 3, Jasper 2, Pink limestone 2, Green
glaze
body, Bufo viridis ; and a slender form, the frog, with the legs porpyhry 1, Serpentine 1, Glazed steatite 1.

outstanding, and often ribbed down the back, liana masca- Position. Necklaces.
reniensis. These are not however generally distinguished in Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 52, Murch 6, Brit. Mus. 2. See
collections. We may note separately Naqada, pi. Iviii.
A. Single frog. B. Group of three frogs.
C. Group of
four frogs.
20. PAPYRUS SCEPTRE.
Period. Many examples are known from the prehistoric Name. Uaz (MacG. 50).
times, as 18a, b; others in the Old Kingdom, as 181; Meaning. Flourishing, as of green plants; youth.
"
many in the XVHIth and XXIIud dynasties, as 18j, k ;
and Chapter 159 of the Book of the Dead reads : The chapter
some in the XXVIth. of the column of green felspar put on the neck of the
Figures. 18a, Bufo, hard grey steatite; 18b, Rana(?), deceased. thou who comest out every day, in the divine
greenish-grey serpentine 18c, Bufo, ivory, prehistoric
; ; house, she who has a big voice, who goeth round she . . .

18d, cut on a Nerita shell 18e, limestone, Hawara, XII 18f,

; ; takes hold of the potent formulae of her father, the mummy
limestone, rude scrolls, and uaz pattern on base, Hawara, which is on the bull. She is Renent."
XII; 18g, liana, bronze; 18h, liana, bronze; 18j, liana, Period. XXVI XXX, the age when the goddess Uazet
bright red glazed pottery, yellow eyes, late XVIII; 18k, was most worshipped.
liana, green glaze, XVIII 18k 2, liana, violet glaze, sa sign
; Figures. 20a, black and white glass, Tahutmes III ; 20b,
on base, XVIII 181, Bufo, calcite, group 13, Vlth dynasty
; ; black, white and yellow glass, XVIII ; 20c, c 2, green glaze ;
18m, Bufo, black and yellow serpentine 18n, green felspar ; ; 20d, d 2, d 3, green glaze faded ; 20e e 10, green glaze 20f, ;

18o, green glass, two latter for inlaying 18p, four frogs on ;
green-gone-brown glaze ;
20f 2, haematite ;
20f 3 5, green
base, blue glaze, black marks, two crocodiles, head to tail, felspar; 20f 6, 7, green glaze ; 20g, brown limestone; 20g2,
incised on base. dull green calcite ; 20h, blue glaze, XVIII (?). A stem of the
Materials. Green Glazed pottery 38, Glazed stone 3, sceptre, like 20c, green glaze, yellow leaves, is inscribed
"
Prase 3, Green felspar 4, Green jasper 2, Glass 2. Other Khonsu nefer hotep upt renpet nefer, Khonsu-nefer-hotep
colours are much less common ;
Lazuli 5, Carnelian 7, open a good year." See green felspar amulet of Khaernuas
Bronze Quartz crystal 2, Serpentine 3, Steatite 2, Lime-
4, (MARIETTE, Serapeum, iii, xx).
stone Diorite 2, 1 each of Haematite, Chalcedony, Agate,
3, Materials. Green glaze 38, Blue glaze 35, Green felspar
Amethyst, Porphyry, Calcite, Violet glaze, Red glaze, 16, Beryl 4, Prase 2, Green diorite 2, Green calcite 1 thus ;

Ivory, Shell. See Deshasheh, xxvi, 25. more than two-thirds are green or blue. Of other colours

12
 AMULETS OF SIMILARS
there are Haematite 14, Lazuli 8, Carnelian 2, Basalt 2, 28. LEOPARD HEAD.
Blue glass 2, Black and white glass 2, Gold 1, Serpentine 1,
Name. Pek.
Schist 1, Steatite 1, Brown limestone 1. Meaning. Valour, as in the title ao pehti, "great and
Position. Forehead (1) throat (1); top and middle valorous." Possibly used for from wild
; protection
rows on chest (11) stomach (1, Dendereh), or low on
;
beasts.

stomach (2, Nebesheh, Abydos). Period. V. VI.

Collections. Cairo 45, Turin 84, Univ. Coll. P. 17, E. 9, Figures. 23, blue paste, Mahasna, tomb 461. Deshasheh,
St. Petersburg 18, Price 10, Alnwick 8, Athens 4, Murch 8, xxvi, 1 lazuli.
Materials. Lazuli 1, Blue paste 1.
Edinburgh 2. 1, Greenglaze
Position. Wrist.
21. PAPYRUS ON A PLAQUE. Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 1, Turin 1.

Name. Uaz.
Meaning. To be as durable as neshem stone green fels-
24. CLAW.
Name. Ogat.
par. Chapter 160 of the Book of the Dead is as follows :

" Meaning. Leopard's claw used for protection from wild

Giving the column of green felspar. I am the column of
beasts, Central Africa (Leicester Museum). Cray fish claw
green felspar, which cannot be crushed, and which is raised
against evil eye (BELL., xi, 3). Elk's claw (BELL., xiv, 8).
by the hand of Tahuti. Injury is an abomination to it. If
Period. Prehistoric, Roman.
it is safe, I am ; not injured, I am not injured
safe if it is ;

Figures. 24a, red porphyry; 24b,

c, green serpentine;
if it receives no cut, I receive no cut. Said by Tahuti, arise,
24d, green serpentine, probably claws; all the previous,
e, f,
come in peace, lord of Heliopolis, lord who resides in Pu.
prehistoric 24g, sard, Mahasna, tomb 386 24h, j,
When Shu has arrived, he found the stone at Sheneinu, as ;
;

bronze, Illahun, Roman. Natural claw, Sliurafa, Roman,

its name is neshem. He (deceased) makes his abode in the
pi. xiv, 24k.
enclosure of the great god; whilst Turn resides in his Materials. Red porphyry 1, Green serpentine 5, Sard 1,
dwelling, his limbs will never be crushed."
Bronze 2, Actual claw of large bird, vulture (?) 1.
Period. As these are always of hard stone they probably
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 10.
belong entirely to the XXVIth dynasty, before glass became
common for amulets.

Figures. 21a, green felspar, fine colour, incised ; 21b,

25. TOOTH.
Name. Nuzhi.
dull green felspar, in relief; 21c, dull green felspar ;
21 c 2,
Meanings. Human tooth, for toothache (PLINY, xxviii, 11).
half as large again, dull green felspar.
Child's, first shed, for pains (P. xxviii, 9). Lion's, for gaining
Materials. Green felspar 21, Beryl 3, Serpentine 1,
favour (P. xxviii, 25). Leopard's, to gain aid of friend's
Sard 1.
spirit, Central Africa (Leicester Museum). Hyaena, tooth-
Position. Throat (1) ; Middle of chest, and shoulders (5).
ache (P. xxviii, 27) ;
of left side,
pain in stomach, nightmare
Collections. Cairo 10, Alnwick 5, Turin 4, Univ. Coll. P. 4,
(P. xxviii, 27) of right upper, to strike animals in
Price 3, St. 8.
;
hunting
Petersburg
(P. xxviii, 27). Wolf's, for dentition (P. xxviii, 28). Dog'a,
quartan fever (P. xxx, 30), evil eye, hydrophobia (BELL., xii, 9,
22. JACKAL HEAD. 15 xiii, 1). Horse's, evil eye (BELL., xii, 8). Deer's, repels
;

Name. Unknown. serpents (P. xxviii, 42). Wild boar's, evil eye (BELL., xii, 5).

Meaning. To find the way in the future world, as the Pig's, dentition (BELL., xii, 3). Boar's tusk, evil eye (BELL.,
"
jackal was the opener of ways" (up-uatu) in the desert: Am. 58, Fet. 35). Dolphin's, infant's fright (P. xxxii, 48).
or perhaps for watchfulness. Fossil shark's, dentition and lightning*' (BELL., xi, 29).
Period. V. VI. Crocodile's right tooth, aphrodisiac ; eye teeth, for periodic
Figures. 22a, bone, group 8 22b, yellow sard, group 3 ; ;
fevers and aphrodisiac (PLINY, xxviii, 28 ; xxxii, 50).

22c, calcite, group 13 22c 2, carnelian, group 7

; 22d, pink ;
Varieties. Crocodile teeth. Fossil shark teeth. Glazed
steatite. 22d 2, minute carnelian, group 10 22e, bone ; ; pottery figure.
22e 2, carnelian, group 7 22f, carnelian 22f 2, same,
; ;
Period. XXII to Roman.
ruder, group 1 22g, green felspar
; 22g 2, green felspar,
; Figures. 23a, tooth of shark, fossil, one of the Lamnidae,
group 80 ; 22h, j, green limestone 22 k, carnelian ; ;
set in copper 25b, tooth of crocodile set in silver 25c,
; ;

22 1, m, n, o, blue glaze, Zaraby, Vlth dynasty 22p, ebony, ;

tooth of crocodile set in gold 2Sd, figure of a tooth carved ;

pi. xlv. in bone 25e, blue-green glaze, Roman

; 25f, ; blue-green
Materials. Sard and carnelian 16, Blue glaze 8, Green glaze ; 25g, tusk carved from shell, prehistoric ; 25h, tooth
felspar 2, Green limestone 2, Lazuli 1, Bone 1, Wood 1. of hyaena tied to knotted cord, pi. xviii, 131f.
Position. Wrist. Materials. Actual teeth 4, Green glazed pottery 2, Bone
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 27. 1, Shell 1, Carnelian 1.

18
 AMULETS OF SIMILARS
Position. On neck cord knotted. Meaning. Protection from locusts (?).
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 8, Murch 1. Period. Prehistoric, XVIII, Eoman.
Figures. 26a, b, grass-green and yellow glazes. XVIII.
26. LOCUST. Materials. Limestone 1, Yellow glaze 2, Green glaze 1.
"
Name. Si-nehem, possibly son of Neheinat," a goddess. Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 2, Turin 1, Murch 1.

CHAPTEK IV

AMULETS OF POWERS
DYNATIC AMULETS, 27 61.

THE idea of conferring powers upon the dead by means Position. Throat (1) ;
breast (5).
of amulets, is a logical development of the previous idea of Collections. Athens 13, Alnwick 8, Univ. Coll. P. 4, E.I,
continuance of the faculties. If the hand amulet could St. Petersburg 2, Murch 2.

give the power of action, so the amulet of the sceptre which

the hand held, could confer the power connected with the 29. DUCKLING.
When once this idea was grasped, the Name. Za.
sceptre in real life.
various kinds of powers could be conferred. This was Meaning. Virility.
Period. VI.
carried out by means of hieroglyphs of the ideas, as the
or Figures. 29a, sard, group 7 29b, bone, group 6.
by emblems, as the head-rest or
;
wagtail duckling ;

or models of objects, as the stairs or the

Materials. Sard 1, Bone 1.
plummet by
;

crown. Eacli of these kinds of amulets gave the powers of Position. Necklace.

In this class of Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.

qualities, or of conditions, or of authority.
amulets they act by symbolism of some kind, and not as
30. MAN'S GIRDLE TIE.
direct similars like the previous class.
Name. Onkh, Onkh-er-ta khcr-redui-f (Lc\v, 113).
"
27. WAGTAIL. Meaning. Life. Many lives (pi.) upon the earth that
is beneath his feet" (L. 113): the plural of life may imply
Name. Sign for "great," ur.
a belief in reincarnation.
Meaning. Conferring greatness (?).
Period. VI.
Varieties. A, pendant. B, on open-work ball bead. C,
between two uas.
Figures. 27a, b, bone, group 5 ; 27b 2, smaller, car-
Period. XIX to Ptolemaic.
nelian, group 10.
Figures. 30a, blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group
Materials. Bone 2, Carnelian 1.
21 ; 30b, light blue glaze, Memphis 30b 2, green glaze 30c,
;
Position. Necklace. ;

green glaze, Sams collection 30d, blue glaze, XIX dynasty (?)
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 3.
;

(pl.xliv); 30e, wax, gilt, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 20 30f, ;

28. HUMAN-HEADED BIRD. dark blue glass, type C 30g, dull blue glazed ball, alternate
;

Name. Ba. Ha-ran-lierot (MacG. 49, for Haru-nchcr, with rams' heads bearing disc, XXV 30h, red jasper ;

full of face ?). (pi. xlvi). See Mahasna, xxxiv, tomb 435, gold.
Meaning. Human soul, probably derived from large-faced Materials. Gold 1, Green glaze 12, Blue glaze 8, B 1,
owl living in tombs. Purple glaze 1, Black glaze 1, Dark blue glass, C 1, Eed
Varieties. A, plain. B, double. C, crowned. D, spread jasper 1.

wings. Position. Chest (Hawara) on feet (Dendereh). ;

Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic. Collections. Turin 8, Cairo 8, Univ. Coll. P. 6, E. 1,

Figures. 28a, violet glass, white head 28a 2, violet glass ; ;

Price 1, St. Petersburg 1.

28b, double, side by side, green and black glaze ; 28c, green
and black glaze 28d, blue and black glaze, Ptolemaic,
;
31. NEFER.
group 21. Name.Nefer, supposed to be derived from the heart and
Materials. Green glaze 3, Blue glaze 8, Grey glaze 1, windpipe, as the markings are similar to those upon the
Bed glass 2, Lazuli 2, White glass 1, Blue and white glass 3, ab sign.
Blue glass 7, Green glass 1, Black glass 1 D, Gold inlaid :
Meaning. Beauty or excellence.
'

(Hor-uza, Hawara). Peiiod. XVIII.

14
 AMULETS OF POWERS
31 a obsidian; 31b Period. First in tombs of Ilnd dynasty, full size con-
Figures. 31a, blue glaze; 2, (pi. xliv), ;

tinued to the XHth, and then also painted on coffins as

gold, XVIIIth dynasty.
;

Materials. Gold 6, Haematite 2, Obsidian 1, Blue glaze 1. small amulets, XXVI Ptolemaic.
Position. Necklace. Figures. 3*a, b, b 2, c, c 2, c 3, d, haematite ;
d 2, large and
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 7, E. 1, St. Petersburg 2. rough ; 34e (pi. iv), blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group

21; 34e 2, green glaze, Ptolemaic; 34f, blue glaze (xlvi);

82. SISTRUM. 3$g, apple-green glaze (xlvi).
Name. Sesh-shet (MacG. 16). Materials. Haematite 70, Blue glaze 6, Green glaze 8,
in the dance. Emblem of Basalt 2, 1 each of Red glaze, Dark glaze, Diorite, Wood,
Meaning. Joy, especially
"
Hathor. Brown stone."

XXVI. Position. Left breast, left foot, low on stomach (Den-

Period,
32a, green felspar, Meroe ;
32a 2, small, blue dereh), neck (Abydos).
Figures.
Hathor head with
wig. Collections. Cairo 34, Alnwick 15, Univ. Coll. P. 3, E. 4,
glaze ;32b, green glaze,
Materials. Green felspar 1, green glaze, 3, blue glaze, 1. St. Petersburg Edinburgh 5, Turin 4, Price 4, Murch
11, 1.

Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 2, E. 1, Price 1, Athens 1.

35. ZAD.
33. COUNTERPOISE OF COLLAR.
4413 Name. Zad (MacG. 43). Probably the four columns
Name. Menat. With a fringe, Menkhet (LACAU, ;

which supported the heaven (Medum, 31, xiii) later mis- ;

MacG. 37).
taken by the Egyptians for the backbone of Osiris. The
Meaning. Joy, health. name of Nilometer is only a modern guess.
Varieties. A, plain. B. inscribed.
Meaning. Stability or duration. The 155th chapter
of
Period, XXVI. "
Here is thy backbone thou
" the Book of the Dead reads :

33a, light green glaze, says Bastet, give life

Figures.
" still-heart here is thy spine thou still-heart. Put it close
!

to Pedu-heb-bast eternally the name shows the person

;
to thee. I have given thee the water thou needest. Here
was begotten at the great festival of Bubastis. Head and I have brought to thee the zad, in which thy heart
" it is.
arms of Hathor 33a 2, light green glaze, Hapi born of
Said on a zad of gold inlaid into the substance of
;
" rejoiceth.
Pedu-ast, son of Zed-nebt-amu-auf-red 33b, light green
wood, and dipped into the juice of ankhamu. It
;

sycotnore
c 2, blue glaze, plain; 33d, dark green
glaze, plain; 33c, he arrives at the doors of the
isput on the neck of this Khu,
on the top, Bast on the stem, Nehebka (?)
glaze, three cats
" Duat, and he comes forth by day, even though he be
silent.
"
on the disc, reverse says Bast of (pa) Bast ; 33e, pi. xliv, the year, as
This zad is put in its place on the first day of
16.
light green glaze, group is done to the followers of Osiris."
Materials. Blue glaze 13, Green glaze 11, Green felspar 2,
Varieties. A, plain.B, crowned with feathers and horns.
Bronze Gilt wood 1. Hathor.
D, with two apes (MacG. 74). E, with
1,
C, double.
Position. Back of neck (4 at Nebesbeh), lower chest
Period, VI to Roman.
(Abydos).
Figures. 35a, sard, Vlth dynasty (?) 33b, blue glaze, ;

Collections. Price 11, Turin 7, Univ. Coll. P. 4, E. 2, St.

XXVI 38c 13, 14,
XVIII ; 35c, c 2 c 12, pale green, Hawara, ;

Petersburg 2. 35c 16, white limestone

red glass ; 35c 15, yellow steatite ;
;

34. HEAD-REST. 35e, pale green,

35 C 1722, green glaze ; 35d, pale green ;

alien
Name. Urs, of various woods, cedar (LACAU, 110), Hawara ; 3Sf, green, the top peg of the column much
(L. 105), and mer (L. 105).
35g, green and
brown glaze, crowned,
and with
developed ;

Meaning. Restoration of the head, after primitive pre- 35h, blue-green glaze, with
two arms holding uas sceptres ;

the The 166th chap. B.D. reads

35j, micaceous
steatite 35k,
paration of corpse. onkh and uas on neb sign ;
;

" of the Awake thy sufferings are

Headrest. double capitals 35m,
351, blue glass, three
!

Chapter blue glass ;

;

allayed, N. Thou art awaked when thy head is above the the zad 35n, green glass, zad
yellow glass, Anpu holding ;

horizon. Stand up, thou art triumphant by means of what crowned with sma feathers 35o (xliv), blue glaze faded, ;

has been done to thee. Ptah has struck down thine

XIX, with 30d. See 39, b, c, d, on pi.
iv.

enemies. has been ordered what should be done to thee.

It
Materials. Green glaze 191, Blue glaze 56, Lazuli 37,
Thou art Horus, the son of Hathor, the flame born of a Carnelian 37, Grey glaze 6, Red glass 2,
Gold 2, Obsidian
flame, to whom his head has
been restored after it had 1.
1, Blue glass 4, Yellow steatite
head will never be taken from thee base of chest
been cut off. Thy Position. Throat (2) top of chest and ;

henceforth. Thy head will never be carried away."

(17) across stomach (8).
On are named the shen head-rest ;

Cairo 64, St. Petersburg 53, Turin 40, Univ.

Varieties. coffins
Collections.
and the head-rest
(LACAU, 105), the mer head-rest (L. 105) Coll. P. 23, E. 11, Alnwick 8,
Price 10, Edinburgh 9,
Solid block head-rests were
of osh, cedar wood (L. 110). Murch 2.
Athens 8,
copied in Ptolemaic time.
15
 AMULETS OF POWERS
86. SQUARE. Figures. 38a, b, black jasper; 38c, black steatite 38d, ;

Name. Klieses, square, connected with Seqeq, the plum- e, f, obsidian 38g, bronze
; 38h, green glass. These last
;

met (see next) a play of words similar to the variation of

;
two may, perhaps, be intended for a clothing amulet sur-
two Arab words for glass, Qizaz and Zigag. mounted by feathers or if the flint forked lance was
;

Meaning. Rectitude (?). It is not the hap sign, carried wrapped with cloth for a handle, it might then start this
by kings in festival, as that is acute-angled and equal-sided, form. A similar form in carnelian is of prince Khaemuas
whereas this is right-angled and unequal, and is always (MAKIETTE, Serapeum, iii, xi).
associated with the plummet. Materials. Obsidian 4, Black jasper 2, Black steatite 1,

Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic. Bronze 1, Green glass 1.

Figures. 36a, b, b 2, c, d, e, e 2, f, haematite ; 36g, blue Position. Throat (1); chest (6) ; stomach (1).

glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 36g 2, green glaze ; ; Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 9, E. 1.

36h, pale green glaze, fine work. Owing resemblance to the Plumes (39) and Feathers
to the
Materials. Haematite 46, Yellow limestone 4, Basalt 3, (41) following, these three amulets are confused in cata-
Green glaze 4, Blue glaze 2, Lazuli 1. logues, and were probably not truly distinguished by the
Position. Top row on chest, or left breast (6), with Egyptians. The Materials and Collections stated here are

plummet; stomach. therefore restricted to those which can be verified.

Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 10, E. 2, St. Petersburg 9,
Alnwick 6, Turin 4, Edinburgh 8, Athens 8, Price 1, Murch 1.
39. OSTRICH PLUMES.
37. PLUMMET. Names. Shuti, the two
plumes or Shed-shed. ;

Name. Meaning. The two ostrich plumes were supposed to fly

Seqeq (see previous).
Meaning. Making equilibrium. Qe.qt, determined by a
away in the wind, bearing the king's soul (Sethe in Mahasna,
name 19), and the pair of plumes therefore were provided as a
plummet, is Aswan, where the sun is in
the of
vehicle for the soul of the deceased. The single plume is
equilibrium between north and south at midsummer.
probably the emblem of Maat.
Probably worn to impart an evenly-balanced mind, which
is held up as a great virtue of character in the Proverbs.
Varieties. Double plume. Single plume.
Period. XXVI to Roman. Period. XIX to Ptolemaic.

Figures. 39a, b, obsidian 39a 2, obsidian 39a 3, 4,

37a, b, b 2, c, c 2, d, e, e 2, haematite
; ;
Figures. 37f, blue ;

white limestone 39b 2, slate 39b 3, b 4, serpentine

and black glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 37g, green ;
; ; ;

39c, gilt wax 39d (pi. xliv) green glass ; 39e (pi. xlvi)
glaze, Ptolemaic, showing the plummet cord.
;

Haematite 3, Slate 4, Blue glaze 4, Basalt 2,

Materials. basalt; inscribed "Osiris lord of Restau. The high priest,
"
Brown marble 1, " Dark marble " 1, Green glaze 1.
"
King's son, Khaemuas," son of Ramessu II; 39f, green
glaze (xlvi).
Position. Top and middle of chest or left breast (7), low
Materials. Obsidian 3, Serpentine 3, Basalt 2, 1 each of
on stomach (2).
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. E. 2, Alnwick 10, Cairo Alabaster, White limestone, Blackened limestone, Green
8, 9,
St. Turin Price Athens glaze, Gilt wax.
Petersburg 9, 6, 2, 2, Edinburgh 1,
Murch 1.
Positions. Throat (1) ;
chest (6) ;
stomach (2).
38. FORKED LANCE. Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 5, E. 6, Athens 4, Edinburgh 3,

Name. Peseshkef, from j)esesh to divide, the forked flint Murch 2.

lance being used to divide the mouth of the in the mummy

40. TWO PLUMES, DISC, AND TWO HORNS.
ceremony of "opening the mouth."
Meaning. To confer the power
of speaking and feeding, Name. Sma.
as described in Chapter 23 of the Book of the Dead, on the Meaning. The union of different powers.

opening of the mouth. Varieties. A, complete. B, disc and horns only.

Varieties. The different forms descend as follows : Period. Ptolemaic.

1 :6 1 : 10 1 : 2 1:2 1: 1
6600 B.C. 6000 B.C. 5500 B.C. 4000 B.C. 3000 B.C.

16
 AMULETS OF POWERS
Figures. 40a, white glass plumes, red glass disc, purple- Period. XXX(?).
black glass horns. Upon the zad, 40b, green and black Figure. 44, Steatite.
glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 40c, d,dark blue and ; Materials. Steatite 1, Obsidian 1.

black glaze, Dendereh, group 26. See also 35n, green glass ; Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 1, Alnwick 1.

C. Abydos, group 10 (pi. 1).

Materials. Blue glaze 8, Coloured glass 1. 45. BARK OF THE MOON.
Position. Chest.
Name. Aoh (LANZONB, Diz. Mit., xxivii).
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 4.
Meaning. To voyage in the sky after the sun.

41. PAIR OF FEATHERS. Period, XVIII-

Figures. 45 (and 43 2) carnelian, Hawara, XVIII.
Name. Qa.
Materials. Carnelian 4, Green glaze 1.
Meaning. Elevation.
Position. Necklace.
Varieties. A, plain. B, with horns.
Period. XXVI (?). Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 4, Kennard 1, Cairo 1, Brit.
Mus. 1.
Figure. 41, hard brown limestone, Univ. Coll. E.
Materials. Serpentine 17, Basalt 4, Obsidian 4, Green 46. STAIRS.
" " Name. Khet.
felspar 4, Yellow stone 4, Brown limestone 4, Haematite 8,
Lazuli 1, Black limestone 1, Beryl 1, Green slate 1, Green Meaning. Ascent to sky. In the Book of the Dead,
" I am
diorite 1. Chapter 22, the dead says Osiris the lord of Restau,
:

Position. of chest (3) middle row low on the same who is at the head of the staircase," up which the
Top ; (1) ;

stomach (2).
dead are shown mounting to the judgment. In Chapter 149,
"
Collections. Cairo 24, Athens 6, St. Petersburg 4, in the eleventh domain the dead says : I raise my ladder

Alnwick 3, Price 2, Univ. Coll. E. 1, Edinburgh 1. Perhaps up to the sky to see the gods," with a vignette showing a

some of these really refer to the previous classes 38 39. flight of stairs. This form may have become confused with
that of a throne (suggested by SCHAFEK in Z. A. S. xliii, 66)
42. RISING SUN. as the stairs are shown in a boat in the vignette of
Name. Adkhet. Chapter 110.
" Ra in
Meaning. Power to behold at his coming forth Varieties. 6 to 9 steps.
"
the horizon (Labyrinth, 36). Period, XXVI to XXX.
Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic.
Figure. 46, green glaze.
Figures. 42a, red jasper 42a 2, light green serpentine.
; Materials. Blue glaze 4, Green glaze 2.
" "
Materials. Red sandstone ( ? Jasper) 9, Red jasper 7, Collections. Turin 3 of 7 steps, 1 of 9 steps, Univ.
Blue glaze 4, Red glass 2, Green glaze 1,
Red granite 1, Coll. E. 1 of 6 steps, Price 2.
" "
Green stone (Murch), Light green serpentine 1. Thus
nearly all are red. 47. HORNET.
Position. Low on chest. Name. Bat.
Collections. Cairo 11, Turin 4, Univ. Coll. P. 1, E. 2,
Meaning. Royal power of Lower Egypt.
Alnwick 3, St. Petersburg 3, Price 2, Murch 1. Period. VI to XII.

Figures. 47a, yellow sard, group 3 ; 47b, orange sard ;

43. DISC OF SUN. tomb 386 47d, blue glaze,

47c, blue paste, Mahasna, ;

Name. Ro ,-
pronounced Ria XVIII dynasty, Ra or Re XII dynasty.
Greek. Materials. Sard and carnelian 9, Blue glaze 1, Black

Meaning. To see the sun. limestone 1, Brown agate 1.

Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic. Position. Wrist, 2 (Deshasheh, xxvi, 3, 21).

Figures. 43a, glaze faded white 43b, steatite. ; Collections. British Museum 6, Univ. Coll. P. 4 (groups
Materials. Lazuli 8, "Black stone" 3, Yellow lime-
3,9).
stone 2, Green felspar 1, Beryl 1, Agate 1, Granite 1, White 48. WHITE CROWN.
glaze 2, Steatite 1.
Name. Hezt (LACAU, 486).
Position. Top of chest (1) middle of stomach (4) left
Royal power of Upper Egypt.
;
;
Meaning.
hand (2). Period. XXVI.
Collections. Cairo 12, Turin 8, Edinburgh 2, Univ. Coll. burnt 48b, 48b 2, light
Figures. 48a, green glass (?) ;

P. 2, St. Petersburg 1. 48 d
green glaze ; 48c, 48c 2, 48c 3, light green glaze ; d, 2,

44. CROWNED SUN. green glaze.

Green glaze 26, Blue glaze 12, Green glass 1,
Materials.
Name. ?
Black glaze 1, White glaze (faded ?) 1.
Meaning. To see the sun ruling.

17
 AMULETS OF POWERS
Cairo 14, Univ. Coll. P. 6, E. 8, Turin 6, St. Varieties. A, alone. B, with Zad and Onkh.
Collections.
Price 8, Alnwick 3, Murch 1. Periods. XXVI to XXX (?).
Petersburg 5,
Figures. 84a, gold 54b, blue glass, burnt 54c to c 8,
; ;

49. RED CROWN. pi. xliv, blue glaze, faded, with 30d, 33o. See 35h with

Name. or Sekhemti (LACAU, 481), probably

Deshert ,-
Zad and Onkh.
confused with the double crown of that name (L. 488). Materials. Gold 1, Blue glass 1, Blue-green glaze B 1.

Univ. Coll. P. and 8 of type B.

Meaning. Eoyal power in Lower Egypt.
Collection. 2,

Varieties. Crown alone. Crown on neb.

Period. XXVI. 55. DISC MACE.

49a, a 2, green glaze 49b, c, c 2, d 2, green
Figures. ;
Name. Men (MacG. 27).
glaze, Memphis 39b ; 2, green glaze ; 49d, blue glazed stone-
Meaning. Fighting power.
ware, group 28 ;
49e to e 8, pi. xliv, green glaze, crown on Period. Prehistoric.
neb. white limestone with black spots,
Figure. S5a, pi. xliv,
Materials. Green glaze 30, Blue glaze 9.
S5a
prehistoric ; 2, plain limestone (Tarkhan II).
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 14, E. 8, Cairo 12, St. Peters-
Material. Painted limestone.
burg 6, Turin 5, Price 4, Murch 1.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 5.

50. DOUBLE CROWN ON NEB.

Name. Sekhemti.
56. PEAR MACE.
Meanimg. Eoyal power in Upper and Lower Egypt. Name. Hez (MacG. 27).
Period. VI. Meaning. Fighting power.
Figures. Mahasna, xxxiv, xliii, tomb 87. Period. Prehistoric, IV, XII.
Material. Gold. Figure. No models, only actual maces buried.
Position. Necklace. Material. White limestone, Eed granite in XII (Riqqeh).
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. many.
51. VULTURE AND URAEUS.
Name. Smauti. 57. FEATHERS AND SCOURGE.
Meaning. Eoyal power in Upper and Lower Egypt. Name. Ames (MacG. 27).
Period. VI.
Meaning. Euling power.
Figures. Mahasna, xxxiv, xliii, tomb 87.
No amulets known.
Material. Gold.
Position. Necklace.
58. URAEUS SERPENT.
52. ROYAL CROOK. Names. Anrot, any goddess (MacG. 6, 30). Merseger,
"
Name. Heqt (MacG. 54) ; Heqt Out, Crook of the goddess (LANZ., Diz. Mit., cxxviii). Onkh-neter (MacG. 8).
flocks," used by shepherds (LACAU, 317). Eannut, goddess (LANZ., D. M., clxxxix). Sat (LACAU, 94).
Meaning. Eule in Heliopolis. Seqer (MacG. 7 LACAU, 34, 91). Shem-rcmtu (MacG. 9 ;
;

Period. XXVI (?). LACAU, 94). Urt hckat, goddess (MacG. 10). Zct (LACAU, 94).
" "
Figure. Not here. Also conferring qualities, giving youth (LACAU, 90) ;

"
Material. Grey glaze 1. and with coiled body, " giving being (?) (LACAU, 91).

Collection. Turin 1. Mehen, uraeus on the crown.

Meanings. Goddesses above named Knowledge Divine
; ;

53. ROYAL SCOURGE. life Going among men

; ; Royal power of judgment Giving ;

Name. Nekhekh (MacG. 54). youth, and being.

Meaning. Eule in Heliopolis. Varieties. A, royal form. B, wavy. C, coiled. D, winged.
Figure. MacG. papyrus 54. Found broken up in tombs E, double. F, lion head. G, cat head. H, human head.
of the XHth dynasty, full-sized, in limestone (Riqqeh). J, crowned.
Collection. Portions in Univ. Coll. P. Period. XXVI to Eoman.
Figures. 58a, green glass, crowned uraeus on column ;

54. SHEPHERD'S STICK. 58b, carnelian, with silver suspension loop ; 58c, branch of
Name. Uas (MacG. 28 LACAU, 815). Zom
; (LACAU, 314), red coral, with silver uraeus twisted upon it S8d, bronze, tail ;

with wavy stem. coiled behind 58e, bronze, double crowned with sun discs
;

Meaning. Guidance of the flock. Such a form is inlaid ; 58f, bronze, crowned with discs ; 58g, pewter plate,
regularly used
by the eastern Bedawy at present. incised ;
58 h, green glaze, Memphis 58j, light blue glaze,
;

Secondary sense, Eule at Thebes. Memphis ; S8k, green glaze, Memphis 38k, 2, 3, 4, 5, ;

18
 AMULETS OF POWERS
green glaze, Nebesheh ; 581, faded green glaze, Memphis ; Varieties. A, figure standing. B, kneeling. C, painted
S8m, green glaze ; 58n, grey glaze ; 880, green glaze, XVIII ; on soles of sandals.
88p, blue glass. PL xliv, 88q, gold 88r, electrum ; 88s, ; Period. Prehistoric to Roman.
silver
; 88t, u, blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic. See gold Figures.80a, red limestone, quartz crystal eyes inlaid,
from Serapeum (MARIETTE, Ser., in, xi). male, prehistoric ; 60b, light blue glaze, female, XXVI 60c, ;

Materials. Green glaze 35, Blue glaze 26, Lazuli 4, white limestone, male, XXVI 60c
similar figure found
; 2,
Bronze 8, Gold 2, Yellow glaze 1, Grey glaze 1, Green glass at Defenneh (Tanis, ii, xl); 60d, lead, male, wrapped in
1, White agate 1, Pink limestone 1, Carnelian 2, Silver on sheet lead 80e
; wax, two figures standing, hands
(pi. xlv),
red coral 1, Eed glass 1.
joined 60f, wax, perhaps a figure see also figures on soles
;
;

Position. Forehead (2;; necklace chest

(1); (10); of sandals (Univ. Coll.
E) of Roman mummies, Hawara,
stomach (8) ; feet (1). (Roman Portraits, x, 5), and mud figure of Hyksos age
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 15, E. 4, Cairo 15, St. Peters- (Hyksos and Israelite Cities, vi, 8).
burg 8, F 1, G 1, Turin 8, Alnwick 7, Murch 6, Athens F 2, Materials. Lead 1, Red limestone 1, White limestone 2,
Edinburgh 1. Blue glaze 1, Wax 2, Cartonnage 1.
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 6, E. 2, Price 1.
59. MAN KNEELING WITH PALM BRANCHES.
Name. Helt.

Meaning. Millions of Years. Duration. 61. FIGURE WITH NECKLACES.

Period. XII, Eoman.
Figures. S9a, gold ; 59b, gold, group 4 ; S9c, lead ; 59d, Name. ShapC?). See shap, to accept; shapep, rich;
apple-green glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 ; S9e, shapt, to adorn.
silver (pi. xlvi). And see Mahasna, xxxiv, tombs 87, 435.
xliii, Meaning. From the stoutness, adornment, and easy
Materials. Gold 2, Silver 1, Lead 1, Green glaze 1. posture, this seems intended to represent wealth. Compare
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 5. the Chinese embodiment of wealth.
Period. Roman.
60. BOUND CAPTIVE. 61, black steatite, Quft.
Figure.
Name. Kheft. Material. Black steatite.
Meaning. Power over a slave. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

CHAPTER V
AMULETS OF PROPERTY
KTEMATIC AMULETS, 6282.

THESE amulets, representing the funeral offerings of food of the power of writing. The border line of the two classes
and drink, and the furniture of objects for the use of the is seldom really in question.
dead, are peculiarly Egyptian. From very early times The order followed here is, food, drink, clothing and
provision for the continued life of the deceased was placed objects used.
in the grave, sometimes on an immense scale. As the
came to
62. OX HEAD.
belief in substitutes grew, so gradually models
and then small amulets were sub-
replace the real objects, Name. Unknown.
stituted for the models. It might seem doubtful where to Meaning. Food offering. An actual head is often
divide between this class and the last. The mace heads found in graves, from the prehistoric down to the XHth
are classed as amulets of power, as the mace is used dynasty.
symbolically by the king in all periods but the spear head ; Period. Prehistoric to XVIII.
included as property, is never used symbolically. Again, Figures. 62a, calcite ; 62b, quartz, green-glazed 62e, ;

the plummet and square are probably emblems of qualities, carnelian 62c, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, carnelian 62d, clear green
; ;

as the dead is never represented as building ; but the serpentine, prehistoric; 62e, blue glaze, VI (?); 62f, red
writing tablet and seal are classed as property, as in the glass, XVIII (?) ; 62g (pi xliv), quartz, green-blue glaze ; 62h,
future life the deceased would require to write and seal carnelian.
orders. These are the means of writing rather than symbols Materials. Carnelian 9, Quartz, green-glazed 2, Noble

19 D 2
 AMULETS OF PROPERTY
serpentine 2, 1 each of Blackened limestone, Agate, Calcite,
68. ALTAR WITH CAKES.
Blue glaze, Bed glass. Name. Thet(?).
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 18, Murch 4.
Meaning. Food offering.
Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic.

Figures. 68a, blue glaze, square cake; 68b, bronze,

63. COW, LEGS TIED. four cakes ; 68c, bronze, one cake ; 68d, gilt wax, three
Name.Rehen (?). vases and three cakes, Dendereh, group 20 (pi. xliv) ; 68e,
Meaning. Food offering. The image of a cow," for which
' '

green glaze (pi. xlvi).

the 162nd chapter of the Book of the Dead is recited, Materials. Bronze Green glaze Blue glaze 1, Gilt
2, 1,
seems rather to refer to a free cow, and not to a sacrifice. wax 1.
Varieties. A, round. B, flat.
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 5, Cairo 5.
Period. V, XXVI to Ptolemaic.

Figures. 63a, red jasper; 63b, red steatite, both round; 69. DATE.
63c, flat, red glass 63d, red glass 63e, red glass.
; ; Name. Benr.
" "
Materials. Red sandstone (? jasper) 9, Red jasper 9, Meaning. Food offering.
Red glass 11, Blue glaze 8, Green glaze 1, "Yellow stone" Period. XIX(?).
1, Brown limestone 1, Alabaster 1. Figure. 69, green glaze, black calyx.
Position. Base of chest and lower. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
Collections. Cairo 11, Univ. Coll. P. 5, E. 2, Price 6,
Alnwick 4, Turin 8, Edinburgh 1, Athens 1, Murch 1.
70. VASE.
Names. 45 different names are known, but the forms are
64. GAZELLE. not yet distinguished.
Meaning. Food offering (?), but see under sacred animals, Meaning. Drink offerings of various kinds.
Nos. 21416. Varieties. A, heart form, two-handled. B, situla. C, one-
handled measure. D, pilgrim bottle. E, heart shape. F,
amphora. G, handled jug. H, dipper.
65. JOINT OF MEAT.
Period, XXVI to Roman.
Name. Ao, Auo. 70a, diorite 70b, c, d, blue glaze, situla 70e,
Figures. ; ;

Meaning. Food offering.

green glaze, measure 70f, green glaze, pilgrim bottle
; ;

Period. VI or XII (?). 70f 2, red glaze, XVIII Riqqeh 70g, red jasper 70h, bronze, ; ;

65, quartz crystal, part of the ribs and side of

Figure. amphora, Roman 70j, green glaze, yellow spots, amphora,
;

an ox, exquisitely finished. Roman 70k, black and white glass 701, brown pottery
; ; ;

Material. Quartz crystal. 70m, green glaze, Bes head on it 70n, bronze 70o, pottery, ; ;

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

(pi. xlvi) 70p, green glaze (xlvii) 70q, black and green
; ;

glass (xlvii) ; 70r, green glaze, Illahun, XXIII (xlv).

Materials. Green glaze Blue glaze Gold Bronze
66. GOOSE OR DUCK. 8, 7, 2,

2, Glass 1, Brown pottery 2, Diorite 1, Red jasper 1,

Name. Sa.
Wood 1.
Meaning. Food offering. Position. Throat.
Varieties. A, whole figure. B, head. Univ. E. Cairo
Collections. Coll. P. 14, 2, Price 7, 1.
Figures. Not here.
Materials. Blue glass 2, Rod jasper 1, Red glaze 1,
71. COLLAR.
Green glaze 3, Black and white glass 1, Bronze 1.

Position. Mid Hawara.

line,
Name. Usekh, with hawk heads (MacG. 2); Usekh of
Collections. Turin 2, B 1, Alnwick 1, Price 1, Murch 1. lord of Eternity, with deep rows of beads (MacG. 82) ;

Usekh of the hawk, with spread Lawk on middle (MacG. 38) ;

Usekh of the vulture and uraeus, with the emblems (MacG.

67. DISH OF FLOUR ON MAT.
36); Usekh of Mut, with the vulture with curved wings
Name. Hotep. (LACAU, 436).
Meaning. Flour offering ;
a dish of flour on a reed mat Meaning. Dress of the living, in contrast to the dead.
(Medum, xi). The Chapter 158 of the Book of the Dead is as follows :

"
Period. XXVI. The chapter of the collar of gold, put on the neck of
Figure. Not here. the deceased. my father my brother my mother ! !

Material. Green glaze. Isis! I am unveiled and I am seen. I am one of the

Position. Lower row, Hawara. unveiled ones, who see Geb."

20
 AMULETS OF PROPERTY
Varieties. A, plain rows of beads "of the lord of Eternity," Figure. Naqada, Iviii.
Osiris (MacG. 82). B, hawk heads (MacG. 2).
with Material. Green serpentine.
C, deep and short rows (Fig. 70b). D, with hawk
(MacG. 88). E, with vulture of Mut (LACAU, 486). 76. WRITING TABLET.
F, with vulture and uraeus (MacG. 86). Name. Themes, or Kher-o,
"
under the arm." Medum,
Period. XXVI to Koman. xiiiSaqq. Mast., ii.
;

Figures. 71a, type B, green and black glaze, Dondereh, Meaning. Provision for writing. The writing materials
Ptolemaic, group 21 71b, type C, blue and black glaze,
; were prayed for in the 94th chapter of the Book of the
group 21 71 c, wax
; gilt, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 20. Dead.
Material. Gold inlaid 2, Gold foil 2, Blue glaze 8, Ked Period. XXVI and later.
jasper 2.
Figures. 76a, green diorite ; 76b, blue glass, with incised
Position. Neck and upper chest. figure of Tahuti.
Collections. Cairo, Horuza 2, Univ. Coll. P. 2, Murch Materials. Green " "
2, felspar 8, Beryl 8, Black-grey stone
Alnwick 1. 4, Lazuli
8, Obsidian 1, Green glaze 1, Green jasper Green
1,

glass Haematite
1, 1, Diorite 1, Blue glass 1.
72. CLOTHING. Position. Throat (1) chest (6) stomach (1). ; ;

Name. Monkhet (LACAU, 442) Collections. Cairo 23, Price 8, Univ. Coll. P. 2, Alnwick
; oper.
1, Edinburgh 1. Some of these may have been No. 20,
Meaning. Clothing.
with the papyrus drawn but not engraved.
Period. XXVI to Roman.
Figures. 72a, b, black and white porphyry ; 72c, c 2,
diorite 72d, white glass.
;
77. NAME BADGE.
" "
Materials. Diorite 14, Serpentine 2, Granite 2, Porphyry Name. Serekh, that which makes known (MacG. 51).
"
8, Red glass 1, White glass 1, Grey stone" 1, Wood 1. Se-at or Seurat (LACAU, 444 5).
Position. Chest (8). Meaning. To preserve the name. The 25th chapter
Collections. Cairo 16, Univ. Coll. P. 4, E. 1, St. Peters- of the BookDead is, " Whereby a person remembereth
of the

burg 1, Turin 1, Alnwick 1. his name in the underworld." Even the gods might lose
their names, for of the fiery region of the 12th domain we
"
read No god goes down into it ... for the four snakes
:

73. ROYAL HEAD-DRESS. "

would destroy their names (B. of D., 149).
Name. Seden (XXV stele), or Nems (LACAU, 487 ;
MacG. Varieties. A, long bead. B, flatted prism.

4), or Khat (LACAU, 489).

Period. A, XII. B, XIX.
Figures. worn on neck, see Khnuniu-
77a, carnelian, as
Meaning. Royal clothing.
Not here. hotep (Gizeh and Rifeh, xi) 77b, amethyst with name of ;
Figure.
Material. Carnelian. King Senusert 77c, carnelian with name of Bakmut 77d,
; ;

Collection. Cairo. silver, Vlth dynasty, group 13 77e, gold, Qurneh. See ;

Another head-dress was Ondet (MacG. 8). 3 of carnelian of Hapi, Pasar and Khaeruuas (MAIUETTE,

The beard was Khebsat (MacG. 20). Neither of these are Serapeum, iii, xi).

found as amulets. Carnelian 5, Amethyst 1, Gold

Materials. 1 (and LACAU,
449), Green felspar (LACAU, 4535), Silver 1.
Position. On neck (Gizcli and Rifeh, xi).
74. COMB.
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 5, Cairo type A 2, type B 8.
Name. (?).

Meaning. Hair dressing. Actual combs are common in 78. CARTOUCHE.

prehistoric and XVIII. Name. Han.
Period. Roman. Meaning. To preserve the name ;
later substitute for

Figures. 74a, b, bone, Tell el Amarna, Roman ; 74c, d, previous name badge, No 77.

e, bone. Varieties. A, plain. B, with feathers on top.

Material. All of bone. Period. XXVI.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 5 (group 24). figures. 78a, diorite 78a 2, lazuli ; ; 78b, basalt.
" "
Materials. Lazuli 10, Green glaze 1, White stone 1,

"Black stone," Cairo, 1, Yellow limestone 1, Diorite 1,

75. SPEAR HEAD. Basalt 1.

Name. (?).
Position. Neck top of chest top of stomach.
; ;

Meaning. Defence. Collections. Cairo 10, Brit. Mus. 5, B 4, Univ. Coll. P.

Period. Prehistoric. 2, E. 1, Alnwick 1, Edinburgh 1.

21
 AMULETS OF PROPERTY
79. SEAL. completion," this implies the fulness of the gains and
Power over property. rewards of life.
Meaning.
Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic.
Period. XXVI.
brown limestone Figures. 81, broken away at sides of base, same both
Fie/urea. 79a, white limestone ; 791), ;

79b 2, green felspar ; 79b 8, 4, lazuli ; 79b 5, basalt ;

sides, light green glaze.
79c blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21. Materials. Basalt 5, Steatite 2, Lazuli 2, Green felspar
(pi. xliv),
Materials. Lazuli 17, Green felspar 9, Green glaze 7, 2, Quartz 1, Limestone 1, Green glaze 1.

Basalt 7, Blue glaze 4, Limestone 4, Slate 2, Quartz 2, Prase Position. Top row, by cartouche.
1.
Collections. St Petersburg 7, Alnwick 8, Univ. Coll. P.
1, Agate
E. Price 1.
Position. Eight hand 5 ;
lefthand 5 (on 2nd finger, 1, 1,

between 2nd and 3rd finger) ; low on stomach.

Collections. Cairo 18, St. Petersburg 12, Univ. Coll., P.
8, E. 8, Alnwick 5.
82. SLAVE FIGURE.
80. SEAL RING. Name. Ushabti.
Name. Zebot.
Meaning.To work for the deceased in the future life.
Meaning. Power over property. Too extensive to state here. A breast-piece
Varieties.
Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic. of pendant ushabtis occurs in the XlXth dynasty.
Figures. 80, Lazuli. Penod. XVIII to XXX. (The stone figures of the Xllth
Materials. Gold 1, Lazuli 2, Green glaze 1 (Hor-uza, dynasty are really figures of the dead.)
Hawara). Figures. 82, One example of the XXIInd dynasty marks
Position. Between 2nd and 3rd, between 3rd and 4th the place of this subject as an amulet ; this ushabti is of
fingers right hand on 3rd finger of left hand
;
in left ; Zed-tehuti-as-onkh.
hand; chest. Materials. Bronze, all available stones, all colours of
Collections. Cairo, Horuza 2, Univ. Coll. P. 1. Glaze, Pottery, Wood.
Position. A boxful of 200 was placed on each side of the
81. CIRCLE OF CORD.
mummy.
Name. Shen, explained as Onkh-shau (LACAU, 112). Collections. All. This subject is as extensive as all other
" "
Meaning. Benefits of life," as alien means fulness, amulets together.

CHAPTER VI

AMULETS FOR PROTECTION

PHYLACTIC AMULETS, 83 137.

IN this class the amulets or charms for protection are Period. Ptolemaic, as an amulet.
what are more popularly regarded as amulets. The pur- Figures. 83a, black steatite; 83b, gilt wax, Dendereh,
pose of these is to call into account some external agency group 20.
which is not as definite as a divinity. The most primitive Materials. Black steatite 1, Gilt wax 1.

means are preferred, such as wearing shells, bones, animals, Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.

cords, stones, etc.Doubtless a great number of vegetable

and animal objects were also included in this class, though
the great majority of such have naturally disappeared in
the course of ages. The great popularity and literary 84. SUN AND URAEI.
importance of the inscribed charms, especially inscribed
gem stones, has fixed more attention on this kind of amulet, Meaning. Ra as ruler.
almost to the exclusion of the various other classes. Seldom on the mummy, but used as previous.
Varieties.
Period. Ptolemaic, as an amulet.
83. SUN AND WINGS. Figures. 84a, wood with traces of stucco and gilding ;

Meaning. Ra as protector. 84b, green glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 .

Varieties. Seldom on the mummy, but usual over figures Materials. Green glaze 1, Wood 1.
and entrances to temples. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
85. CRESCENT. this great they prevent any wrong being done to him
one ;

Name. Aoh. This chapter is said on a tie of red jasper, dipped in the
Meaning. The protection of the moon god. Against evil juice of ankhamn, inlaid into the substance of the sycomore
eye and witchery (BELL., xv,
26 xvi, 25). The emblem of ;
wood, and put on the neck of the deceased. Whoever has
patricians at Rome (BoNi,
Nuov. Antol., 1 Oct., 1912). this chapter read to him, the virtue of Isis protects him ;

Varieties. A, alone. B, with disc. C, with cross. Horus the son of Isis rejoices in seeing him, and no way
Period. XVIII to Roman. Specially worn in early part is barred to him, unfailingly."
of 2nd cent. A.D. (Roman Portraits, 12, 14). Varieties. A, alone. B, double. C, double with zad sign.
Figures. 85a, b, pale blue glass, XVIII ; 85c, black Period. XIX to Roman.
glaze, XII or XVIII 85d, e, silver, Memphis, Roman,
;
Figures. 88a, red glass ; 88b, green glass ; 88c, green

group 27 ; Memphis, group 27 85g, silver 85h,

85f, gold, ; ;
glaze ;
88c 2, blue glaze 88d, e2, 8, green glaze, group 28,
; e,

base silver; 8Sj,j2, white glass on blue, with red spots XXV dynasty (?); 88f, faded green glaze; 88g, dark blue glaze,
around, Gurob, Roman. Type B, 85k, electrum, XII XVIII or XIX 88h, h 2, ; red glass ; 88j 4, redlime-
j, j 2, j 3,

dynasty (?) 831, blue

; glaze, XVIII 83m, black and yellow ; stone ; 88j 5, slate ; 88k, pewter, possibly a clothing sign 72 ;

serpentine, Roman ; 83n, bronze, Shurafeh, Coptic period. 881, wax, gilt, Dendereh, group 20. See pi. xlvii, 88m,
See also plain bronze crescent, Roman age, Saft, in carnelian of the royal scribe Paari ; 88n, jasper, of the chief
HyksoB and Israelite Cities, xxxvii a. archer Nekht-a-min; 880, jasper of Roi; 88p, blue and

Materials. Gold 1, Electrum 1, Silver 4, Bronze 2, black Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 26. Type B,
glaze,
Glass 5, Blue glaze 1, Black glaze 1.
double, red glaze, XVIII (Ed). Also see 2 carnelian of
Position. Necklace. Khaemuas and 1 of Hapi (MARIETTE, Scrapeum, iii, xi, xx).
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 8. Materials. Red jasper 21, Carnelian 3, Red glass 18,
Brown jasper 13, Blue glaze 27, Green glaze 18, Red
glaze 1, Lazuli 2, Obsidian Gold 1, Silver 1, Pewter plate
86. MUMMY. 1,

" 1, Brown paste Green glass 1, Wax gilt 1.

1,
Name. Sah (MacG. 64). Sokar khent opcr, Sokar in stomach
Position. Neck (2) chest usual (11) ; ; (2) ;

clothing" (LANZ., Diz., Mit., xvii). toes (1).

Meaning. Preservation of the body
in mummy form (?).
Collections. Cairo 47, Univ. Coll. P. 16, E. 7, Turin 12,
Period. Graeco-Roman. Price 12, Almvick 11, St. Petersburg 7, Edinburgh 1,

Figures. 86a, b, dark blue glass. Murch 1.

Materials. Green glaze 2, Blue glass 2.
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 2, Turin 2. 89. SCARAB, FLAT BASE.
Name. Khepcr.
Meaning. Heart of Isis given to the deceased. See Nos.
87. MUMMY ON BIER.
7 and 90 for the Book of the Dead.
Name. ?
XVIII to XXX.
Period.
Meaning. Preservation of the body (?).
Ramesseum
Figures. 89a, grey steatite, ; 89b, lazuli,
Varieties. A, alone. B, with Anpu. set on a pectoral 89c, lazuli veneer on slate base,
formerly ;

Period. Ptolemaic. Ramesseum 89d 2, volcanic ash

Ramesseum ; 89d, basalt, ; ;

Figures. 87a, green glaze 87b, glass, burnt. Type B,

;
Ramesseum 89f malachite 89g, slate
89e, limestone, ; , ; ;

87c, blue glaze with black paint, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,

89g 2, slate; 89g 3, steatite; 89h, peridot; 89j, k, indigo
group 21. glaze,XXII dynasty 891, blue-green glaze 891 2, red glass
; ; ;

Materials. Blue glaze 4, B 1, Green glaze 1, Red glass

89m, blue paste, Saqqareh, pierced for stitching on mummy
B 1, Glass (burnt) 1, Painted pottery
1.
the next; 89n, deep blue
wrapping or network, as also
Position. Chest (2) stomach (2) knees (1). ;
violet glass
89o, red glass ; 89p, violet glass ; 89q,
;
;

paste ;

Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 4, Athens 2, Edinburgh 2.

burnt 89u, deep
89r, s, deep blue clear glass ; 89t, same, ;

blue clear glass ; 89uu (pi. xliv), same ; 89v, yellow glass ;
88. GIRDLE OF ISIS. 89w, amber 89x, 2,
x, ; 3, durite ; 89y, green glaze with

yellow points,
Roman.
Name. Thct.
uncer-
Protection by the blood of Isis. Also the Materials (apart from Cairo catalogue which is,
Meaning.
This is the primitive Basalt 17, Serpentine 15, Steatite 8, Green/jasper 6,
girdle of Nut (LANZ., Diz. Mit., cli).
tain).
4, Green quartz 4, Schist 1,
Blue glazre 5, Blue
women's girdle, fuller than the onkh, the men's girdle. Porphyry
" Lazuli 3, Violet glass 2, Blue paste 2,
The 156th chapter of theBook of the Dead reads: Chapter glass 4, Green glaze 4,
Green felspar 1, Limestone I,
Malachite
of the tie of red jasper which is put on the neck of the Amber 2, Durite 1,

Red glass 1, Yellow giass

1.
of Isis the magic Peridot 1,
deceased. The blood of Isis, the virtue ; 1,

Position.
power of Isis, the magic power of the Eye, are protecting
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 27, E. 5, Alnwick 28, St. Materials (omitting Cairo as uncertain ; the other collec-
tions as stated, but probably in error on basalt). Basalt (?)
Petersburg 66, Price 10.
18, Durite Porphyry (?)
9, Limestone 5, Steatite 5,
6,
90. SCARAB, INSCRIBED BASE. Serpentine 5, Green jasper (?) 4, Schist 4, Jade 2, Lazuli 2,
Name. Kheper. Green felspar 1, Glazed steatite 1, Green glaze 1, Blue
Meaning. Heart of Isis given to the deceased. The 80th glaze 1, Blue paste 1, Violet glass 1.
chapter of the Book of the Dead appears in a slightly Position. On the chest (?).
different form (version B) upon the heart scarab, reading : Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 26, Alnwick 17, Price 5.

"My heart of my Mother, my heart of my Mother, my

91. PECTORAL.
heart of my becoming (in future life). May
nothing rise
up against me in evidence may ; no hindrance be made Name. Unknown.
against me by the divine chiefs may there be no enemy ; Meaning. Heart of Isis.
of thee against me in the presence of the Guardian of the Varieties. A, in one piece. B, with separate scarab
Balance. Thou art my ka in my body, the creator making (see MacG. 68, 69, 70).
sound my limbs. Come forth to the bliss towards which Period. XVIII to Ptolemaic.
we are bound. May our name not be in bad odour with the Figures. 91a, durite, filled in with yellowpaste; upper side,
Ministrants, those who deal to men their course in life ; and scarab with akhet bird on back, Isis and Nebhat standing on a
be there good for us, be there good to the hearer, be there boat adoring it; under side, the scarab outline with the
joy of heart, by the Weighing of words. May not lies be invocations of the beginning of the chapter, and figure of
uttered in the presence oE the God, before the great God lord Unnefer adoring 91b, black steatite, Isis and
Osiris ;

of Amenti. Behold thy uplifting is in the acquittal." Nebhat, winged, adoring, but the middle blank, probably a
Varieties. forms of this chapter are used,
A, various scarab has been attached back, Osiris " lord of eternity,
;

sometimes only omitting half a dozen words, as on 901, lord of Ta-zeser," adored by the deceased and Isis ; on the
" "
sometimes leaving only the opening invocation to the heart, top edge the name Set-ha-em-tepy 91c, gold, a woman ;

" "
as on 90c. B, a suten du hotep formula is rarely used, as in Nefert-her adoring Isis the great mother 91d, electrum, ;

"
90u, v, aa. figure of Tahuti, with altar of offerings. The speech of
Period. XVIIIth to XXIIIrd dynasties. Tahuti, lord of Khemenu, give life, health, and strength to.
Figures. The backs on pi. viii, the inscriptions on pi. ix ;
the son of the high priest of Amen, Uasakauasa,
90a, black steatite, name Huy 90b, brown limestone, of ; acquitted, son of the high priest of Amen, Fu-ua-merth,
"
Huria 90e, glazed steatite, of Set-mesa 90d, black steatite,
; ; acquitted ; 91e, green glaze, zad between two thet girdles,
" "
of Tuaa 90e, black steatite, of Ma-nehes,
; the alert lion ; back, jackal couchant on shrine, with right mat eye above ;

"
90f, hard light brown limestone in silver mount, of Min-em- 91f, blue-green glaze, jackal couchant on shrine Anpu in
"
hat 90g, a metamorphic mud, similar in material to slate,
; his bandages lord of the desert ; 91g, shrine of black and
"
usually mis-called green basalt," here called durite, of yellow serpentine, apparently an inserted figure has been
"
Tet-bet, "nursing shepherd (?) 90h, durite, of Dudut; ; lost. See green-glazed pectoral of Pasar (MARIETTE,
90j, durite, of Repen(?); 90k, jade, called by the Egyptians Serapeum, iii, xii).

nenmehen, as stated on the Kennard tablet (now in Berlin), Materials. Green glaze
Blue glaze 3, Glazed stone
13, 8,
of the singer, Thentamen ; 901, durite (volcanic ash) of Slate 6, Durite
1, Wood2, Blue frit 2, Steatite
8, Schist 1,

Pamoy (secondary use) 90m, durite

90n, durite,
; of Anefer ;
Serpentine 1, Red-brown glaze 1, Gold 1, Electrum 1.
of Tetames 90o, green glaze in copper mount, of the scribe
; Position. On breast (2) on stomach (1).;

Nashuy 90p, durite, of Amen-mes 90q, limestone stained

; ; Collections. Cairo 35, Univ. Coll. P. 7, St. Petersburg 6,
brown-black (XVIIIth dynasty, as kohl pots) of the over- Price Alnwick
2, Edinburgh 1, 1.
seer of the serfs of Min, Kanure, from Ekhmim 90r, durite, ;

of the singer of Amen, Shab-mer-ast 90s, durite of Zed- ;

92. SCARAB WITH LEGS.
ptah-a-onkh; 90t, jade, name lost; 90u, black steatite of Name. Kheper (MacG. 61).
Hor-se-ast 90v, blue paste, very illegibly cut, apparently
;
Meaning. Protection against quartan fever (PLINY, xxx,
of Peh-ne-kha-user 90w (pi. xlvi) lazuli, of the keeper
; 30). Snake bite (Africa). Agate scarab against evil eye
of the cattle Tahutimes, XVIIIth The following Horns of scarab for children (PLINY,
dynasty. (BELL., xiii, 27).
not in plates 90x, violet glass plate, with hollow
:
xxx, 47).
crystal back in which is painted the heron, backed with Varieties. Actual beetles were buried in jars in pre-
gold foil, for
Auf-neren-neheh, Gurob, XVIIIth dynasty ; historic graves. An alabaster case in the form of a scarab,
90y, limestone, coloured brown, of the singer of Isis, to hang round the neck, hollow as a reliquary, of 1st dynasty,
Hatsheps, XVIIIth dynasty ; 90z, limestone, of Huy ;
Cairo (Tarkhan, xiv). A, with legs, natural head. B, hawk-
90aa, lazuli, nesut du hotep formula without a name, headed. C, with four rams' heads (LANZ., Diz. Mit., 490). D,
group 81. human headed (L., Diz. Mit., ccl).

24
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
Period. 1st to XXXth dynasties. Collections. Univ. Coll- P. 7, Turin 8, Murch 2, Cairo 2
Figures. 92a, obsidian, of exquisitely detailed work (Horuza), St. Petersburg 1, Alnwick 1.

(the wing cases being also delicately ribbed), and prob-

ably of the Xllth dynasty,
when obsidian was a favourite 95. VULTURE WITH WINGS SPREAD.
material for the best inscribed scarabs ; 92b, diorite ; b 2, 8, Name. Nert-hent-pet-er-remtu (?), " The Vulture mistress
Hawara, porphyry, hard steatite, brown limestone, of heaven over mankind." "
4,
Nert-her-ne-pot, The Vulture
XXVI 92d, greenish-blue glaze "
; 92c, green glaze ; ;
who is over men (MacG. 84, 48).
92d 2, 3, white limestone d 4, steatite d 5, haematite ; ; ;
Meaning. Protection. The 157th chapter of the Book
d 6, 7, green glaze 92e, f, f 2 f 8, green glaze faded, Hawara,
; of theDead is as follows "
of the vulture of gold,
:
Chapter
XXVI ;
brown basalt 92g (pi. xliv), green glaze,
92e 2, ;
put on the neck of the deceased. Isis has arrived; she
Dendereh, Ptolemaic 92h (pi. xlvi), green glaze 92 j, blue
; ;
hovers over the dwellings, and she searches all the hidden
and black glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 26 (pi. xxxii). abodes of Horus when he comes out of the northern marshes
Materials. Basalt (durite ?) 22, Porphyry 14, Lazuli 13,
knocking down him whose face is evil. She causes him
Green glaze 84, Blue glaze 8, Serpentine 8, Haematito 6, (the deceased) to join the bark (of the sun), and grants him
Carnelian 6, Brown steatite 7, Limestone 4, Prase 3, Black the sovreinty over the worlds. When he has fought a great
syenite 4, Green syenite 2, Green glass 3,
Green felspar 2,
fight, He (Horus) decrees what must be done in his honour ;

Beryl 2, Obsidian 2, White glass 1, Bronze 1, Diorite 1. He causes fear of him to arise, and He creates terror. His
Throat (4) chest (28) stomach (5) left
Position. ; ; ;
mother, the Great One, uses her protective power, which she
hand (2). has handed over to Horus. Said on the vulture of gold.
St. Petersburg 65, Univ. Coll. P. 85, E. 15,
Collection*. If this chapter is written on it, it protects the deceased, the
Price 22. powerful one, on the day of the funeral, and undeviatingly for
times infinite."
93. SCARAB WINGED.
Varieties. A, vulture head. B, ram head. C, curved
Meaning. Protective power of the Creator (?). wings.
Varieties. A, winged. B, winged, on legs walking Period. VI to Roman.
Dendereh 15, pi. li). C, winged in boat. Figures. 93a, gold 93b, gold 9Sc, pewter, group 18 ;
; ;

Period. XXII to XXX. 95d, bronze. See type B, gold inlaid, in MARIETTE, Sera-
93a, flame-coloured sard, X VIII (?); 93b, pewter, xii also C, gold inlaid, in MAR., Ser., iii, xx.
Figures. peum, iii, ;

group 18 93c, bronze with human head, crowned with

;
Materials. Gold 4, Pewter 1, Bronze 1.

disc, horns, and uraeus 93d, blue paste, with holes for ;
Position. Neck 1 chest 1.
;

on to a mummy network 93e, f, blue glaze, with Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 4, Cairo, Horuza 1, St. Peters-
stitching ;

four genii, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 93g, green glaze ;

burg 1.

with violet inlay in the hawk heads, and four genii. For 96. SERPENT (Not URAEUS, 5f).

other figures of the genii see 182. Type C, 93h, blue glaze
Name. Zet (MacG. 5).
(xlvii). Preservation from serpents (?). Teeth for
Meaning.
Materials. Green glaze 3, Sard 1, Blue paste 1, Pewter 1,
dentition (PLINY, xxx, 47).
Gold Blue glass 2, Black glaze 1.
D, coiled.
1, Varieties. A, long. B, in tube. C, wavy.
Position. Collar-bone (3) breast (3) ; ;
stomach (1).
(screw). E, spiral (volute).
Univ. Coll. P. 8, Athens 3, St. Petersburg 1.
Collections.
Period. Prehistoric to XXVI (?).

Figures. A, 96a, dark wood, serpent of Mertseger (LANZ.,

94. VULTURE STANDING. Diz. Mit., cxxvii) 96 b, Hint, from Koptos, 1st dynasty (?).
;

house amulets in
B, 96c, red glass. C, two early dynastic
Namra. Nert, Demzedet, Ament, Themt, Urtheka, Sebkhet
pottery. D, 96d, yellow-brown limestone, prehistoric,
Kherert (MacG. 12, 13, 14, 15, 29, 45, 47, 66). round a finger or staff, two and a
apparently to be placed
Meaning. Five different vultures confer Being, Divinity, 96f (pi. xlvii),
half turns. E, 96e, lazuli, prehistoric ;

Living with gods, Going among men, and Youth (LACAU,

amulet to hang in house,
limestone, prehistoric, large
99).
acale 2 : 5.
Period. VI to Roman. Flint 1, Yellow lime-
Materials. Pottery 2, Lazuli 1,
94a, bone, VI, group 5 94a 2, carnelian,
Figures. ;

stone 1, Limestone 1, Rod glass 1, Wood 1.

group 7 94a 3, 4, blue glaze, rude, VI, Zaraby ; 94b,

Univ. Coll. P.
;
Collection. 7.
bone, group 6 ; 94c, bone, group 8 95d, gold. (See ;

MARIETTB, Serapeum, iii, xi Naqada, Iviii, Xllth dynasty.)

;
97. SERPENT HEAD, OR FOREPART.
Materials. Lazuli 4, Gold 2, Blue glaze 3, Bone 8,
82 MacG. 1).
Carnelian Yellow glaze 1, Red glaze 1. Name. Menqanjt, Menqabet (LACAU, ;

1, Syenite 1,
Meaning. To avoid snake
bite. Chapter 83 of the Book
Position. Neck (2) ;
base of chest (8),

25
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
" XXV to Ptolemaic (?).
of the Dead reads Chapter whereby all serpents are kept
: Period.
" "
back Chapter
;
84 Chapter whereby a person is not
:
Figure. lOOa, b, c, bronze.
"
devoured by the dweller in the shrine Chapter 85 ;
: Material. Bronze.
" devoured
Chapter whereby the person is not by a serpent Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1, E. 2. See WILKINSON,
in the underworld." There is nothing in these chapters to M. and C., iii, 842.

explain the amulets further.

Varieties. A, half length. B, head only. 101. LIZARD ON CASE.
Period. Prehistoric to XXVI.
Figures. 97a, red glass, of
"
the lady of the house Nefer- Meaning. Spotted lizard worn in case for quartan fever.
" (PLINY, xxx, 30). Green lizard in case for tertian fever
renpit" 97b, carnelian,of
;
the royal scribe Ptah-mes, keeper
" (PLINY, xxx, 30).
of the horses 97c, d, carnelian ; 97e, sard 97e 2, yellow ; ;

Varieties. A, lizard. B, two lizards. C, lizard and

jasper; 97f, green glaze 97g, carnelian 97h, haematite ;
f 2, ;
;

red Also see 2 carnelian of cobra.

97j, limestone, prehistoric.
Hapi (MAEIETTE, Serapeum, iii, xi).
Period. XXV to Ptolemaic (?).

Materials. Carnelian 50, Haematite 1, Red limestone 1, Figures. These vary somewhat, but different types of
Blue glass Bed jasper Green glaze 5, Green Gecko are not distinguishable. Type A, lOla, b, c, bronze ;
Ivory 3, 2, 1,
lOla b bronze. B, 101, bronze. C, lOld, bronze.
glass 1, Brown glass 1, Gold
1, Agate 1, Yellow jasper 1. 2, 2,

Position. Throat (2); base of neck (1); base of chest (1). Material. Bronze.
Collections. Cairo A 28, B 14, Univ. Coll. P. 9, E. 3, Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 3, E. 4.

St. Petersburg B 3, Murch 3, Alnwick 2, Turin 1.

102. TAURT ON CASE.

98. COBRA ON CASE.
Meaning. For pregnancy, as amphisbaena in PLINY,
Name. Unknown. xxx, 48.
Meaning. Snake's skin eases delivery (PLINY, xxx, 44). Period. XXV to Ptolemaic (?).
For malaria (BELL., xiii, 20). 102.
Figure.
Varieties. A, reared up. B, lying twisted on case. Material. Bronze.
Period. This class of reptiles on cases is shown by the Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
inscribed names to be as early as the XXVth dynasty and ;

being mentioned by Pliny it probably extended to Ptolemaic

times.
103. SHREW MOUSE ON CASE.
Fif/itres. Type A, 98a, bronze ; 98b, bronze, cornice to Meaning. Dead shrew mouse passed round boils (PLINY,

box ; 98c, bronze, upper part of hood broken away, xxx, 34).
inscribed give
"
Atmu life to Un-nefer, son of Khonsu- Period. XXV to Ptolemaic (?).
" 103.
ardus, life to Hapy, son
. . . of Shab-pa-hor right ; Figure.
uzat eye on front. (This is classed by Daressy as a figure Material. Bronze.
of Atmu, by the inscription (Cairo Cat. 38,704), but as Collections. St. Petersburg 2, Univ. Coll. P. 1.

Atmu never appears elsewhere as a serpent, the god is

probably only invoked for the fever.) Type B, 98d,d 2, d8, 104. HORN.
bronze 98e, bronze.
; For shape of head see Descrip. Name. Ob.
Eg. Beptilia, Supplem. 3.
Meaning. For evil eye (BELL., xii, 12).
Material. Bronze. Period. Boman.
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 6, E. 2, St. Petersburg 1.
Figure. 104, gazelle horn tip, Shurafeh, 1912.
Material. Horn.
99. AMPHISBAENA ON CASE. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

Meaning. Worn alive for pregnancy (PLINY, xxx, 43).

Worn dead for rheumatism (P. xxx, 36). 105. BONE.
Period. XXV to Ptolemaic.
Human, for ulcer (PLINY, xxviii, 11) human
Meaning. ;

Figures. 99a, b, bronze. hare's pastern, bowel pains

skull, epilepsy (BELL., xiv, 12) ;

Material. Bronze.
(P. xxviii, 56) pig's pastern promotes discord (P. xxxviii,
;

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2, St. Petersburg 2.

81); frog, fevers and aphrodisiac (P., xxxii, 18); perch
vertebra, tertian fever (P., xxxii, 88).
100. PHAGRUS EEL ON CASE. Varieties. A, mammalian bone. B, crocodile plate.
Meaning. Tooth of phagrus worn for malaria (PLINY, Period. Boman.
xxxii, 33). Figures. A, 108a, Shurafeh, 1912. B, 105b, crocodile

26
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
plate: 150c, crocodile plate
with iron rings, and silvered 111. CARDIUM EDULE SHELL.
mirror stuck on by resin. Meaning. Against evil eye and witchery (BELL., ri, 4 ;

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 3. Fet. 47).

Period. Prehistoric to Vlth dynasty.
100. CORAL. Figures. Ilia, prehistoric, Ballas 225; lllb, same (?) ;

Worn in India for dangers (PLINY, xxxii, 11). lllc, carnelian, group 14; Hid, carnelian, group 1 Hie,
;
Meaning.
la Italy worn against carnelian, Mahasna, tomb 461 ; lllf, g, h, carnelian, group
Worn by infants (PLINY, xxviii, 7).
2 ; Hlj, carnelian, group 8.
evil eye (BELL., ix).
Materials. Carnelian 8, many shells.
Period. Graeco-Roman.
Position. Pectoral pendants.
Figure. 106, branch of coral with silver uraeus twisted
Collection. Univ. Coll. P.
upon it. (See figure 58c, and Coral dog, 233c.)
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
112. MELEAGRINA MARGARITIFERA SHELL
(RED SEA PEARL).
107. CYPUAEA SHELL.
Period. XII to XVIII.
Name. Unknown. Figures. 112a a 5 (pi. xliv), engraved with name of
Meaning. Protection from evil eye
and witchery, from name Amenemhat III
Senusert I ; 112c, electrum, with of ;

resemblance to vulva (BELL., Am., 61;Fet., 38). In tombs

;
112c, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, plain, of Xllth dynasty; 112d, gold,
at Ascolano (BoNi, Xuor. Antol, 1 Oct., 1912). pectoral of King Rasokenen 112e, carnelian; with glass ;

Period. Prehistoric to Roman. beads, XVIIIth dynasty.

Figures. 107a, Cyp. pantherina, prehistoric, south town, Materials. Shell 5, Gold 1, Electrum 4.
Naqadeh ; 107b, Cyp. annulus, prehistoric, 1625 Naqadeh ;
Position. Pectoral pendants.
107c, d, same, Roman, Gheyta 107e, Cyp. canrica, Ballas
;
;
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 12.
107f, silver same both sides 107g, silver sheet 107h,
gilt, ; ;

carnelian; 107h, 2, dark blue glaze; 107J, green glaze, 113. CLEOPATRA BULIMOIDES SHELL.
Mahasna 448, Vlth dynasty; 107k, green glaze; 1071, pi.
Period. Late prehistoric to Vlth dynasty.
black and white porphyry, XVIIIth dynasty ; 107m,
xliv,
Figures. 113-1, string of shells, Bellas; 113b, bone,
green glaze (pi. xlvi). 30 113c, c 2, sard,
Carnelian group 5 113c, green felspar, group
;
;

Materials. Shell, Silver gilt 1, Silver 1, 1,

group 3 113d, sard, group 2.
;

Green glaze Blue glaze 1. Bone

3,
Shells, Sard 2, Green felspar 1, 1.
Materials.
Position. Necklace, and bracelets. Position. Necklace.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 6, E. 1, and many shells.
Univ. Coll. P. 4, and shells.
Collection.

108. NERITA CRASSILABRUM SHELL. (The following shells are found pierced
for wearing, but

Xllth dynasty. no imitations are known.)

Period.
108a, b, Sinai, Serabit temple 108c, carnelian, ;
Figures.
ball beads, Xllth dynasty.
114. PECTUNCULUS VIOLACESCENS SHELL.
threaded with blue-glazed
Position. Necklace. Meaning. Worn by Troglodyte women against witchery
carnelian and many pierced, for evil eye
and witchery
Collection. Univ. Coll. P., string, (STRABO, XVI, iv, 17) ;

Worn in Rome, tombs in Forum (BoNi,

shells. (BELL., Fet., 41).
A'wor. Antol., 1 Oct., 1912).
109. MITRA MACULOSA SHELL. Prehistoric.
Period.
Period. Late prehistoric to Xllth dynasty. 114, Ballas 519, Naqadeh 1681.
Figure.
Ballas; 109b, blue paste, Univ. Coll. P.
Figures. 109a, prehistoric, Collection.
Ballas 355, Xllth dynasty.
Position. Necklace. 115. POLINICES MAMILLA SHELL.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P., string of beads, and many Prehistoric.
Period.
shells.
Figure. 115, Ballas 572, Koptos.

110. CONUS SHELL. Position. Necklace.

Collection. Univ. Coll. P.
Period. Late prehistoric, XXIIIth dynasty.
Figures. HOa, Zowaydeh ; HOb, c ;
HOd (pi. xv), slice
116. CASSIS NODULOSA SHELL.
of top, Hawara, XXIIIrd dynasty. Late prehistoric.
Period.
Position. Necklaces.
Figure. 118, Ballas 207.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P.

27
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
Position. Necklace. Materials. Black jasper 2, Green glaze 2, Alabaster 1,
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. Green serpentine 1, Yellow steatite 1, Honey sard 1, Silver 1,
Iron 1.

117. MUREX TERNISPINA SHELL. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 12.

Figure. 117.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P.
124. BELL.
Meaning. Worn by children against the evil eye (BELL.,
118. HELIX DESERTORUM SHELL. xv, 10). In Egypt probably worn by children, as it has a
head of Bes on the earlier examples.
Figures. 118a, b, c, prehistoric, Naqadeh 698 ; 118d,
Xllth Hawara
Period. XXVI (?) to Roman.
e, f, dynasty, ; 118g, h, prehistoric,
Figures. 124a, iron, Illahun; 124b, bronze, Gurob;
Naqadeh 1615.
124c, bronze, with head of Bes on each side (pi. xliv) ;
Position. Necklaces.
124d, bronze (pi. xlvi).
Collection. Univ. Coll. P.
Material. All Bronze and Iron.
Position. Bracelet.
119. CLANCULUS PHARAONIS SHELL. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 5.
Period. XXVth dynasty.
Figure. 119. 125. DOOR BOLT.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P.
Name. Scst.

Meaning. Security (?).

120. TURBO, OPERCULUM Period. Vlth dynasty.
Period. Early. Figure. 125a, b, green glaze, Muhasna, tomb 13.

Figure. 120, Koptos. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

Collection. Univ. Coll. P.

126. SEATED PRINCE.
121. OLIVA SHELL. Name, licpoti-liat.
Period. Early. Meaning. Protector (?).

Figures. 121a, b, Koptos, Naqadeh 1567. Period. XVIIIth to XlXth dynasty.

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. Figures. 126a, blue glaze faded white 126a2, red glaze,
Rifeh.
122. TEREBRA CONSOBRINA SHELL. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.

Period. Prehistoric.
127. PRINCESS.
Figure. 122, Naqadeh 1567, Koptos.
Collection, Univ. Coll. P. Name. Hent.
Meaning. Protector ('?).

123. STONE IMPLEMENT. Period. XVIIIth dynasty.

Figures. 127a, bronze Tell el Amarna, perhaps a badge
Names. Pcseshkef, and others.
worn by the household of a princess 127b, blue glaze. ;

Meaning. To open the mouth of the mummy (see 37). Material. Bronze 1, Blue glaze 1.
Black round stones like axes are called baetuli, and longer
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.
ones kerauniae ; they are sacred, and potent in taking cities
and " "
fleets (PLINY, xxxvii, 51). Called thunderstones in
128. MEDUSA HEAD.
Italy and Northern Europe worn as charms against
;

Meaning. To protect by repelling onlookers.

lightning and evil actions (BELL., I III Fet., 43 Am., 14). ; ;

Also regarded as thunderstones in China. Period. Roman.

Period. Prehistoric to XXVIth Figures. 128a, b, green glaze ; 128c, green, yellow, and
dynasty.
black glaze
Figures. 123a, yellow steatite, Vlth dynasty, group 13; (xliii).

123b, c, black jasper, the baetuli described by PLINY

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 3.
123d, ;

honey sard, Hawara; 123e

(pi. xliii), basalt; 123f (xliii),
slate 123g (xliii), green glaze, e, f, g, all from 1st dynasty
;
129. BULLA.
town Abydos; 123h (xliv), green glaze, Vlth dynasty, Meaning. Protection.
Zaraby 123j (xv), green serpentine, prehistoric, Naqadeh
; Period. I to Roman.
1567 123k, silver
; 1231, iron ; 123m (pi. xlv), alabaster,
; Figures. 129a, b, b 2
(pi. xliii), carnelian, group 14 ; 129c
Illahun, XXIInd dynasty. (xliii), green opaque serpentine, 1st dynasty town, Abydos ;

28
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
129d, alabaster ; 129e, agate, XXIHrd (?) dynasty, Ranies- cowries; 131d, knotted card with papyrus charm pendants,
seum 129f, ivory; 129g, jade, gilt resin attached to end
; uzat eyes, and Isis seated of blue glaze 131e, with
cowry- ;

for the suspension hole ; 129h, black steatite; 1 29 j, green shells, uzat eyes of blue glaze and bronze open-work,
glass in silver frame 129k, gold over a white paste body
: ;
papyrus charm pendant; 131f, knotted cords with baboon
1291, flint nodule set in bronze frame (pi. xlvi). See of Tahuti seated, uzat eyes open-work, Taurt, tooth of

Naqada, Iviii, Ixiv, 97. hyaena, cowry shell, papyrus charm pendant 131g, cord ;

Materials. Carnelian 2, 1each of Emery, Jade, Flint, with cowry shells, uzat eyes, Bast, and papyrus charm. All
Agate, Black steatite, Alabaster, Gold, Ivory, Green glass. from Kafr Ammar, xxiii xxv.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 12. Position. On the neck and chest.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 7.

130. FOREHEAD PENDANT.

Meaning. To distract and avert the evil eye. 132. WOVEN CHARM.
Varieties. A, plain. B, matwork. C, figures. D, gilt Meaning. Protection.
tube, modern. Period.Coptic.
"
Period. Prehistoric, Modern. Figure. 132, COHC0E AWPE, May thou be saved, !

Figures. 130a, shell, hook inside at lower end to hold Doros," in white on a purple band. Illahun. (An Arab
up veil; 130b, shell, Naqadeh, T. 16;
Naqadeh 130c, shell, philosopher of this name is mentioned by Suidas.)
399 ; Naqadeh 1007
130d, shell, Naqadeh 1848; 130e, shell, ; Collection. Univ. Coll. P.
130f, shell 130g, shell, Naqadeh 1848 130h, shell, Naqadeh
; ;

1884 130h 2, shell, Naqadeh 144 130j, shell, Naqadeh, B.

; ;
133. CHARM CASE.
323 130k, 1, shell 130m, shell, Naqadeh 399 130n, black
; ; ;

Meaning. To hold a written charm.

steatite 130o, p, black and white limestone
; 130q, clear ;
Varieties. A, vertical. B, horizontal. C, square. D,
green serpentine 130r, black and white porphyry. Type B,
;

heart-shaped. E, crescent-shaped.
130s, shell carved in basket pattern, with hook at lower end
Period. Xllth dynasty to Modern.
to hold up a veil. Type C, 130t, u, shell, carved as female "
Figures. A, 133a, limestone model inscribed Bast
figures.
lady of the city," early 133b, gold foil over resin body,
;
Materials. Shell 16, Black and white limestone 2, Black
Xllth dynasty (?) 133c, bronze case, in form of obelisk,
;

steatite, 1, Black and white porphyry 1, Clear green serpen-

with doors engraved on one side, inscribed, Asar men f
tine 1, Copper 1. "
8eka dtt as f neb ta : For Seka ; may Osiris establish
Position. On forehead, as found in burials, and curved
to fit the position.
him, and may the lord of the land give his tomb," XXVth
dynasty; 133d, iron case, Balyzeh, Coptic; 133e, durite,
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 21.
with cross lines, imitating binding (see next) 133f, roll of ;

leather, elaborately bound with thread. For imitation

131. KNOTTED CORD.
charm cases in the Xllth dynasty see DaJichour, xvii, xviii,
Meaning. No statement of the meaning remains in xix, xxiv and later rough rolls of papyrus on the cords,
;

Egypt, but in Europe we find according to Pliny (xxviii, 27) 131 above. Imitated also by small cylinders of wood worn
seven knots in the girdle effective for catching hyaenas in ;
against witchcraft in Central Africa (Leicester Museum).
xxviii, 12, a thread knotted with the names of widows is See also imitation charm rolls in 131 b, d, f, g.
used for inguinal hernia ; and knotted hairs of a she-mule B. The horizontal charm case is later. 133g, pottery
for conception (xxx, 49). In modern times we read of un- model, Memphis, Roman 133h, black glass rod, gold ends
; ;

tying knots in cord to liberate a sailing wind, in the Isle of 133j (pi. xliii), wood, Tell el A mania, Roman, group 24 ;

Man, Finland and Germany and three times three knots ; 133k, dark violet opaque glass; 1331, green glaze 133m, ;

cast, three on each of three coloured threads in order to bronze, Wushim, all probably of Roman age 133 n, bronze, ;

check a man's movements. " Arab.

Among the Hadeudoa, knots
which have been tied by a holy man, or even by a fiqi C. The square package is of Arab origin. 133o, cast lead,
(teacher), while a text of the Koran is recited, are pro- inscribed, La illaha ilia Allah w.t khadamu la sawyd . .

" There no god but Allah, and his servant shall not be
tective, just as the ordinary hegab," or written charm in a is

leather case (Seligmann). The essential idea seems to be put to shame" probably intended for a Copt to wear, with
:

making anything certain, or controlling others. a colourable imitation of the Muslim formula 133p, ;

Period. Xllth
dynasty. to XXVth leather case, containing Arabic charms written on a sheet
Figures. knot of cord, of hollow gold, Dahshur
131a, of paper, 12 X 17 inches, folded in 8 folds each way ;

Xllth dynasty; 131b, cords with sard pendant, blue-glazed it bears 57 lines with one inagic square of 6 X 8, and
uzat open work, papyrus charm pendants, cowry shells and another of 5 X 6, and a pentacle modern, brought by ;

uzat eye; 131c, cords with bronze Nefertum, uzat eyes and Martyn Kennard from Nubia, 1851.

29
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
" "
D. 133q peacock-blue enamel, loose
(pi. xiiv), silver, galloping lion; wreath and leaf, Eukairian, good fortune ;
plug at the top with slip inside to hold a written
charm or 1351, black limestone, figure standing with uraeus on head,

relic; 133r, bronze imitation of previous, not opening.

Atherne Mind Pisidaos Thibrim, Paausildi : four blundered
E. 133s, gold hollow, with imitation Runic inscription ; cartouches, among them the two cartouches of Ramessu II,
133s 2, small copy in lead, Coptic 133t, gold, probably a ;
and that of Merneptah. Tell el Yehudiyeh 135m, blue ;

copy of an amulet case. The charm of writing 2468, the glass, Horus radiated in a bark, between Isis and Nephthys
"
number value of the name of Baduh the spirit of carrying, winged; Sabaoth Adonai, Lord of Hosts" 135n, blue glass, ;

is still written on letters in Egypt. Horus on the lotus in a bark, above him three khepers
him three goats (evil persons), before
(triune Creator), behind
184. HYPOCEPIIALUS. him probably were three
hawks (justified persons), as on 135y ;

Meaning. Derived from the papyrus with the figure of a around, a ram, a lion, Set, Anubis and four signs lost ;

cow, which was placed under the head of the dead according Plire (the sun) thbain doi and three lines of
. . . . . .

to the 162nd chapter of the Book of the Dead. For an unknown letters; 135o, Prussian blue glass, heart of Osiris
"
account of some fine examples see Abydos, I., p. 50, pi. Ixxix. and heart of Isis facing ;
lie Kharis, favour." This may
Period. dynasty. XXXth belong to the followers of Marcus, who taught the partaking
Figures. 134a, the deceased mummy on the back of the of the Kharis in the wine (!REN., adv. Ilaer., I, xiii, 1 3) ;

cow, with the winged disc and uraeus over it, fragments of 135p, black steatite, lion-headed uraeus of Khnumu, over
formula around cartonnage coloured red and black 134b,
; ; the sun's disc in an enclosure, traces of inscription around ;

reverse of a, the four-ramheaded form of Amen, adored by two Bennu bird (soul of Osiris) wilh triple plant on a stand,
baboons, two men and two women above, the bark of the ;
(compare the triple plant on stand behind Min), loo ; 135q.
Sun below, reversed, the cow, with the winged disc and uraeus
; black steatite, the bennu as before, crescent above, two
"
over it fragments of inscription black on yellow ground.
;
:
serpents across a staff below; Eupepti, good digestion";
134b 2, a larger disc with more figures (like Abyd. Ixxix), 135r, black steatite, lion-headed uraeus, in circle, two
and on reverse the baboons adoring the shining disc, and serpents across staff; bennu bird as on 135p (seelSSv, w,
Isis and Nebhat mourning with the crowned zed sign next plate). PI. xxii 135s, black haematite, sun's disc in an
;

between being black with fine yellow lines it will not photo-
:
enclosure, lion-headed serpent over it, figure in front, bar
graph 134c, eiy;ht crocodile heads around a disc, with eight
; behind ; 135t, black steatite, Tas bcberte ; 135u, black
baboons above, and below Faunhatef offering Maat to the jasper, head of diliullsse
(division uncertain)
Serapis, ;

hawk of Ra; yellow and red with black drawing on cartonnage. 135v, w, as 135r. On
135x, jasper, dark green blood
pi. xlvi,

stone, Harpokrates on the lotus in a papyrus bark, with a

135. INSCRIBED STONE CHARMS, GREEK. crowned hawk on either end, star in front; 135y, haematite,
Those on the left side of pi. xxi are the inscribed figures holding a spear, star before, crescent behind ;
on the
reverses of those on the right side in the same order, each back Mikhail; 135z, lazuli, crowned seated figure holding
to each. plnale on the back Primou.
;

Figures and Materials. 13Sa, black glass, Serapis with 135aa, bronze; for the details of this elaborate amulet it
Isis and Nephthys "Isis conquers"; 135b, hard black
; will be best to examine the facsimile on an enlarged scale

limestone, Aphrodite drying her locks, S. Ps. 135c, brown ; with transcription and translation of the intelligible
(pi. xlix),
limestone, nursing Iloru?, Athlthaththab, blundered
Isis parts. On the first face is a large central figure of Bes,
for Athlathanulba : Bos standing, Tas Berberctc for with two additional human faces, one on either side. The
Bebcretc (see 135t); 135d, black steatite, Mormnron in elaborate head-dress of animal heads, the four wings, and
"
Kobbli, possibly A scaring for rascals," or perhaps the serpent at the feet enclosing various noxious animals,
connected with mormorion a transparent black stone from are all seen on a bronze figure of Bes from the Serapeum,

India (PLINY, xxxvii, 63) ; reverse in an unknown alphabet ; and on the Metternich stele (LANZONB, l)iz. Mit., Ixxx, Ixxxi).
135e, brown jasper, Anubis standing by a mummy laid At the proper right is Bakhakhukh ; this phrase repeated
on a lion's back, Abrasax; 135f, green chalcedony, lion- adding a syllable each time, occurs in the Greek and
headed serpent radiated, three serpents across a staff Demotic magical papyri. The four-headed ram comes
behind; Thmouer Khnoumis, Z, M, ; 135g, KH=6i7 next, with the name Khab, a god of the north with four
black limestone, Set standing holding serpents and onkh In ; rams' heads (LANZ., Diz. Mit., 1190). Next is the name Bait
S?t laid; laed ba phren emoun (see 135aa); 135h, haematite, for Ra, the four-headed ram(L., D. M,. clxxxii). Following
hawk . . .
atha, five letters in an unknown alphabet ;
. . . isthe title Ph ncskherphi, probably connected with kripld in
or; 135j, haematite, the sun's disc in an enclosure (see 135v, the laeo formula. This is followed by Pltokhos, a word found
pi. xxii) with ears of corn and serpents, Isis and Anubis (?) in theLeyden magical papyrus, and as PhOx in the Demotic
above it, loo oro riouth ; Aphreni, Sumbel, Mekhtu, Pskhr "
magic papyrus. Phi/lax, the guardian," is the title of the
(? Sokar) cimi, Ikhankhala, Eoulkheottkh, apparently the sphinx on the opposite side of the axis. Beyond this is a
names of genii 135k, haematite, body
; of Harpekroti upon a gryphon, with the words lie gom ph. ... In the next

30
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
register is abandaged mummy, holding scourges on each is a radiated lion-headed god, holding a radiated lion-headed
of which are two uraei by the side is Ablanathanalba, a
;
serpent, and the onkh. This is a form of Ehnumu, as he
word often found in magic papyri (Greek in British Museum, is called Khnoubis
Kharnous, which is a late form of Khnumu
Paris, and Leyden, also Demotic), and on gems. It is a kahran, "the horned."
reversible phrase, the latter half made by reversing the In the second register is a figure wrapped in wings,
former part ; ablanath is the group to be explained. Opposite holding a standard. In the middle is a four-armed
is Anubis standing, with Alfximandrc-ida, " bark, guardian crowned Horus ; the inscription is only legible at the end,
of man." Behind him is lao-la-ila-ma ; it is tempting to Ph noeououti, a prolonged form of pa nuter, " the god." In
"
see in this an early type of the formula of Islam, la illaha front is another Horus with the royal attributes of the
"
ilia Allah ma might be an Egyptian form of Aramaic
;
scourge and tail (LANZ., D. M., ccxxvii, 1).
" "
imi, with me," Egyptain my, with me," Arabic mdi. In the third register is Thoth seated, with a female
Thus the formula might be rendered, " I AM, there is figure before him, carrying a standard and other objects.
none else The phrase is
with me," testifying the Unity. Before these is a hawk with serpent tail, carrying a branch.
common and British Museum Greek papyri.
in the Paris This is named Ar p<> khnoiqihis, "Horus the creator," and
In the third register is a partly defaced figure with two behind Brintat enophri.
is This combination is found in
large animal legs, and a crown of seven uraei. Compare Demotic and in the Paris Greak papyrus. Below khnouphi
with parts of Horus in LANZ., D. M., ecxvii. By this begins may possibly be Rostlii Thuth neorlmi. Below can be
the Akrammahhamarix, which occurs with the termination distinguished a lion, with perhaps Saba behind it, and a
marei in the British Museum and Paris papyri. It is almost baboon of Thoth with the head of the ibis of Thoth on the
a reversible word, and akhramakh is the group to be back the other signs and letters can hardly be settled
;

explained. Possibly the Semitic kerim, gracious or noble, without some better example of such figures.
may be the source, and the phrase be " thy most gracious At first sight the mixture of Egyptian, Semitic and
one." This would agree with the subject of Horus, tramp- Greek would seem incredible to a scholar of any one of the
ling on crocodiles, and subduing the noxious animals. The languages ; yet there can be no doubt of e:ich of these
"
lion in the group has Saba by it, the Arabic saba, a lion," elements. The names and figures of the gods show how
justifying our looking to an Arabic form for the phrase largely the Egyptian enters into the mixture the Semitic ;

akhramakh. Above this is a lion trampling on a skeleton, is shown by Sola, the lion, which makes more probable the

a group seen in other Gnostic objects a magical papyrus readings of Akhrammakh and lao Li ila ma and the Greek ,

in Paris, and a gem. Below is Abrasax, the mysterious is evident in Alexinvandreula and 1'ht/la.i: The looseness,
word commonest on Gnostic amulets, which has not been of the equivalents is seen in the variants Re, Ran, laeo,
explained. The numerical values of the letters total to 365. lao, Khnoubis, Khnouphis, Brintat, Brinteti, so that we
Irenaeus (adv. Haeres, i, xxiv, 7) says that the Basilidians cannot take literal accuracy as a criterion. The main value of
declare that their chief is Abrasax (Greek) or Abraxas this amulet is in the figures which help to attach a

(Latin version). It is therefore a divine name. meaning to the phrases in the magical papyri.
On
the reverse of the amulet are, at the top, the Divine The following references to papyri containing these
names, lad lesous. Below these are three scarabs, the self- names I owe to the kindness of Sir Herbert Thompson :

becoming animal, emblems of the Creative Trinity. Below Bakhakhukh, etc., W. S. V. p. 19, No. 16, 1. 50 and 70.
is Horus in the bark, which shows the direction to be B. M. G. P. xlvi, 1. 11, 362. G. P. M. D., v 8, vi 25, viii. 10.

facing the three hawks. These birds are the souls of the xxvii, 13 (see note to v 8).
Just, standing before the Trinity behind are the evil Phokhos. L. P. G. in D. A. 1891, pp. 180, 184.
;

animals going away, three goats, three serpents, and three G. P. M. D. iv 18.

crocodiles. Under the hawks is the reversible inscription Ablanath.etc. G3,478(B. M. G.P., L, 67, 80).
B.M. xlvi,l.

laeo ba phren emoun othilari on acu (reversing) ea iphirk P. P. 1. 3030, L. P. G.,V, 4a 3, 5a 15. G. P. M. D.,L, 16,
ira litho mtome nerph ab deal. This sentence is found verso xxii 13, xxvii 8. Also often on gems.
elsewhere in completely reversible form, with kriphi in Lailama. P. P. 1625, 1804, 1983. D. A., p 5. B. M.

place of on in the first half, in magical papyri of British xlvi, 1. 349. See index of B. M. G. P., I., p. 261.

and Berlin. The substitution of on for Abrasax. P. Z. G. P., 303, 1. 154. D. A., p 182.
Museum, Paris, I, 1. II,

kriphi here is of value, as showing how the sentence is Akhrammakh, eta. B. M. xlvi, 1. 63 ;
B. M. G. P., I., index,
to be divided, and that some equivalence may be looked for p. 256. P. P. 982, 3030. Mimaut pap., 1. 79 (see \Vessely).
in these two words. Also the sentence breaks after emoun, Lion treading on skeleton. D. A. p. 53. P. P., 1. 2132.

as shown by 135g. In the centre is Horus seated in the lesous. P. P. 1283, 3020.

lotus flower in a boat, with a figure before him. Behind laeo ba phren emoun, etc. P. P., 1. 398. B. M. xlvi, col. 5
is Brinteti en, which must be
compared with the phrase verso. P. Z. G. P., I. Mimaut pap. 1. 59.
" etc. P. Z. G. P., I, 237. P.P., 2199.
below, Brintat enophri, clearly enophri is un-nefer, the Arpokhnoupi,
good Being," and en may be un,
"
the being." Behind this G. P. M. D. xvi 67.
31
 AMULETS FOR PROTECTION
The above initials are : B. M. G. P., British Museum figure standing with four characters behind 136j, grey ;

Greek Papyri. D. A., G. P. M. D.,

Dietrich, Abraxas. unknown'signs. PI. xxiii, 136k, 1, slate tablets with
steatite,

Griffith, Pap. mag. demotic. L. P. G., Leyden, Pap. Grk. degraded Kufic inscriptions ; 136m, black jasper, the moon
P. P., Paris papyrus in Wessely, Griechische Zaiiberpapyrus and Cancer, the house of the moon the sun and Leo, the;

von Paris u. London, Wiener Denkschr. 1888. P. Z. G. P., house of the sun barbaric imitation of inscription
; this ;

Parthoy, Zwei griechische Papyri d. Berliner Mus. 1866. stone has been broken, and mounted in a silver band, with
W. S. V., Wiinsch, SethianiscJie Verftiichungstafeln. the suspension ring at the bottom.

136. INSCRIBED STONE CHARMS, NON-GREEK. 137. CROSS.

Figures and Materials. PI. xxi, 136a, black steatite, Name. Stauros.
Horus hand in hand with another figure; two lines of Meaning. Salvation and protection.

inscription. PI. xxii, 136b, five views, baealt ;

a divinity Varieties. A, plain cross. B, Chi-rho cross.
holding a branch standing on the back of a couchant bull ;
Period. Coptic.
a tree, with two lines of inscription below four lines of ; Figures. A, 137a, b, c, c2 to 6d, bronze; 137d2, lead;
inscription on the base a palm tree with two young ones
; ; 137e, f, g, g 2 smaller, h, bronze ; 137j, mother of pearl;
a mountain, like Mt. Argaeus on the coins of Caesarea, two 137k, bronze; 1371, lead; 137m, black steatite, Koptos;
lines of inscription. From the types and characters it 137n, n 2, with two balls on ends, o, o 2, bronze 137o 3, ;

appears to belong to the Cilician region ; 136c, black lead ; 137p, bronze ; 137q, wood, and q 2, rougher 137r, s, ;

steatite, Horus on crocodiles of usual type, but with hiero- bone; 137t, 1 2, iron 137u, wood; ; 137v, y, bronze Mem-
glyphs reduced to a barbaric imitation, as also on the back; phis; 137w, bronze; 137x, lead; 137z, bronze, hollow
136d, black steatite, a figure standing with a staff in the reliquary case with aquamarine on the centre. B, 137aa
hands, lines of characters on the back resembling Mandaite ; (xliv), dark blue glass, cross white, red spots around,
136e, limestone blackened, two bird-headed figures over a aa 2, similar in light blue glass. On pi. xlvi, A, 137ab,
worshipper four lines of degraded Semitic 136f, two figures
; ; bone; 137ac, lead; 137ad, lead; 137ae, af, lead, cross in
with a serpent coiled on a staff; three lines of degraded circle.

Semitic; 136g, slate, an ass-headed figure with legs ending Materials. Bronze 22, Lead 8, Wood 3, Iron 2, Bone 2,
in serpents four lines of degraded characters
; 136h,onyx, ;
Black steatite 1, Mother of pearl 1.

CHAPTER VII

AMULETS OF HUMAN-HEADED GODS

THEOPHORIC AMULETS, 138 179.

When the dim ideas of similars and of charms such as Horus, which are also compared to the sun and moon.
"
the Eskimo now use had given place to a belief in gods The 140th chapter of the Book of the Dead refers to the
with intelligence and feelings akin to those of men, it was sun as the eye, and was to be " Said on an eye of pure
quite natural that the images of such deities should take the Lazuli or mak stone ornamented with gold an offering is ;

place of the stocks and stones which had been venerated. made before it of all things good and holy another ; . . .

The system of amulets was at once adapted to the theistic is made of jasper, which a man will
put on any of his limbs
beliefs, and figures of the gods became the most popular of that he chooses." The 167th chapter refers to an uzat eye
:ill amulets. The very different numbers of amulets of the brought by Tahuti.
various gods show clearly which were the most generally Varieties. The main classes are put under different
worshipped. Horus, Isis and Osiris account for much more numbers here, from 138 to 142. In this class, 138, we may
than half human- headed figures. As the eye of Horus
of the discriminate A, the earliest form (Old Kingdom) with very
was one of the earliest amulets, we begin with it here, as short appendages, imitating the pattern of feathers below the
introducing the Horus group. hawk's eye; B, larger appendages, with a flat surface; C,
coloured surface D, incised surface. The order in the plates
;

138. UZAT EYE OF HORUS. is that of the age as nearly as can be estimated. The order
of numbering and description is that of the classification.
Name. Uzat (MacG. 52). Period. VI to Ptolemaic.
Meaning. The eye of Horus. The uzat
eyes are Figures. Type A, 138a, brown limestone group 8 ;

properly a pair, right and left, representing the two eyes of 138b, c, d, sard, groups 1, 2, 7 ; 138e, green felspar, group

82
 AMULETS OF HUMAN-HEADED GODS
80; 138f, bone, group 13 138g, sard, group 14; 138g2, 139n 4 (xlvii), copper plate, eye em bossed, scale 2:5; 139o,
;

sard, group 7 138h, bone, group 5 138h 2, sard, group 2

; ; ; bronze, eye inlaid with coloured limestone, and coloured
138J, j 2, j 8, k, k2, sard, group 8; 138j 4, sard, group 7. glass above and below. Type D, on ring, 139p, jasper
Type B, 1381, hard white calcite, back similar 1381 2, same, ;
ring, engraved with uzat. Type E, square, 139q, green
back plain; 138m, volcanic ash 138m 2, 3, diorite; ni 4, and black glaze
m 5, grey porphyry m6, pink limestone; m 7,
;
;
139q 27, green, Nebesheh 139r, dull ;

syenite; ;
green glaze; 139r 2, green glaze (xlvii); 139s, green glaze
chlorite; m 8, haematite m 9, grey marble; m 10, dark
; burnt brown 139t, green glaze; 139u, bronze.
blue glass
;
Type F,
; 138n, porphyry ; 138o, diorite ; 138o 2, jade ; 139v (pi. xliv), yellow glaze.
138p, steatite, XVIII, Tell 138p 2, grey por- Arnarna ; Materials. Green and blue glaze 84, Silver 8, Bronze 8,
phyry; 138q, porphyry. Type C, 138r, blue glaze, black Lead 2, Electrum 1, Amethyst 1, Jasper 1, Yellow glaze 1.
relief; 138s, same, Memphis, XXIII; 138t, same, faded; Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 24, E. 22.
138u, blue, black lines, Karnak, XXV; 138u2, similar;
1 38u 3, green glaze, Naukratis.
Type D, 138v, jade; 138v2, 140. UZAT EYE, MULTIPLE.
green glaze; 138w, olive green glaze; 138x, carnelian;
138x2, dark blue, three joined; 138x3, blue paste, Nau- Varieties. A, bead cylinder. B, double eye. C, quad-
kratis; 138y, apple-green glaze, Gizeh; 138y2 5, blue
ruple eye. D, multiple eye.
glaze, Naukratis 138z, diorite; 138aa, yellow green glaze
;
;
Period. XXIIIth to XXVth dynasty.
138ab, blue and black glaze; 138ab 2, green glaze ; 138ac,
Figures. Type A, 140a, green glaze gone brown, two
green glaze, Memphis; 138ad, eyes alternate with two onkhs liOb, green and black glaze,
;
light blue-green glaze ;

138ad2 three eyes; 140c, deep blue and black glaze, two
green glaze; 138ae,
9, faded blue and black eyes.
138ae 2 19, blue and black glaze, Type B, 140d, light green, inscribed Sekhmet on back,
glaze; Zuweleyn and
Tanis 138af (pi. xliv), green and black glaze, Dendereh,
;
Zuweleyn. Type C, 140e, yellow paste, with traces of blue
Ptolemaic 138ag (xliv), gold, XVIII. (See 131b, c, d, e, f,
;
paste inlay, reverse below; 140f, blue glaze, black lines and
also four early examples in Deshasheh and many of XXII yellow rosette; 140g, green and black glaze, two aaz plants
to XXV in Hyksos and Israelite Citicx). between the eyes ; 140g Memphis 140g 4, 5,
2, 3, similar, ;

Materials. Sard 29, Green and blue glaze 46, Porphyry

flat plate, green, yellow. Type D, 140h, green glaze and
black, rosette on back, 20 eyes ; 140h 2, green gone brown
15, Amethyst 5, Green felspar 5, Gold 5, Carnelian 3, ;

Diorite 3, Calcite 2, Grey agate 2, Haematite 3, Lazuli 2, 140j, green faded and black, uzat on back, 28 eyes. Another
Bone 2, Jade 2, and 1 each of Syenite, Volcanic ash, Ser- in Price Collection had 21 eyes.
Materials. Green and blue glaze 13, Yellow glaze 1.
pentine, Chlorite, Steatite, Brown limestone, Grey marble,
Pink limestone, Blue glass, Blue paste. Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 10, E. 4.

Position. Forehead (3); throat (5); chest (14); stomach

(8) arms and hands (3).
; 141. UZAT EYE, WITH GODS.
Collection.Univ. Coll. P. 39, E. 47. The lack of detail M family. The 163rd chapter of the Book of the Dead
in most catalogues prevents the statement of these different
concerns the mystic eyes, and is to be " Said on a serpent
classes.
having two legs, and bearing a two-horned disc. Two eyes
are before him, having two legs and two wings." This may

139. UZAT EYE (UNUSUAL refer to some such figure as the type A.
TYPES).
Varieties. A, vulture and uraeus. B, wing and arm.
Varieties.A, open work. B, inlaid. C, metal plate. C, with cats. D, with bull. E, with apes. F, with lion.
D, engraved on ring. E, in square form. F, in cartouche. G, on hills. H, with Ra. J, with Sekhmet or Bastet.
Period. XII to Ptolemaic. Period. XXIIIrd dynasty.
Figures. Type A, open work, 139a, b, silver; 139c, Figures. Type A, 141a, the vulture's legs and wings
electrum ring ; 139d, green glaze ; 139e, amethyst, Koptos, below the eye, and a uraeus before it. Type B, 141b, blue
XII 139f, g, deep blue glaze, curved to fit the wrist, Uzat
(?) ;
glaze, with white glaze eye and obsidian pupil, and red
with nefe.r, XVIII; 139h, olive and black glaze, XXIII; glaze inlay above and below the vulture's wings, and an
139h 25, blue glaze ; 139h 6, blue and black glaze, large ;
arm grasping an onkh, Eamesseum, XlXth dynasty (?).
139j, k, deep blue glaze, modern amulet beads, copied from Type C, 141c, green-blue glaze, flat back, with 19 cats, and
uzat. Type B, inlaid, 1391, blue and black glaze, inlaid secondary uzat above the pupil; 141d, blue and black
with white glaze eye, and red glaze cheek 139m, green ; glaze, with 13 cats 141e, blue and black glaze, with 9 cats.
;

and black glaze, traces of red paste, inlay 139m 2, blue ; Type D, 141f, green glaze faded, with bull 141g, green ;

glaze, Nebesheh
; 139m
12, green glaze, 3 Naukratis. glaze, bull on platform, lotus in front, 7 uraei above. Type
Type C, metal plate, 139n, silver plate, incised 139n 2 ; E, 141h, green glaze, two baboons adoring the uzat eye,
(xlvii), lead plate, similar but larger, scale 2:5; 139ii 3 with nub below, plain back (compare MaeG. 74). Type F,
(xlvii), larger pewter plate cut to outline of eye, scale 2:5; j, light
blue glaze, couchant lion above, resting on three
 AMULETS OF HUMAN -HEADED GODS
uzat eyes, behind which are 12 uraei ; 141k, apple-green as also a smaller one in limestone 8 inches wide, perhaps

glaze, couchant lion, resting on 9 uraei, behind

which are XXXth dynasty.
three uzat eyes. Type G, 1411, jade, partly decomposed, Meaning. Protection from noxious animals.
the uzat engraved on both sides, resting upon the triple Period. XXV (?) to Roman.
hill sign, representing Horus in the horizon. Type H, Figures. 144a, white marble, ten lines of inscription on
"
141m (pi. xliv), Ka on back, green glaze. Type J, 141n, o, back 144b, black steatite, reverse six lines,
;
Beloved of

p, 9, green glaze, with Sekhmet. Set, Anhur and Tahuti (?). Hnil to thee god son of a
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 12. god hail to thee heir son of an heir
;
hail to thee bull ;

1 '

son of a bull, born of the great cow, see Metternich stele,

11. 101 5; 144b 2, blue glaze, small, very rough; 144c,
142. UZAT EYE, INSCRIBED. "
black steatite, reverse four lines, Become Horus, Osiris,
Meaning and Varieties. The uzat is associated with a Amru and Ptah," etc. ; 144d, cast lead, for reverse, see
group of seven goddesses, whose names are found singly on below it, hawk on standard as net, Isis standing behind,
the square eyes, or altogether on one eye. Gurob ;
144e (see pi. xliii), black steatite, reverse (see
Period. XXIInd dynasty. pi. xli), described under No. 241 ; 144f, light green glaze,
Figures. 142a, green-glazed square with uzat in relief, Isis and Nebhat standing at the sides, winged Isis on the
on back is impressed the name of the goddess Uazet; 142b, back (similar at St.Petersburg).
same with Bastet 142c, with Aset 142d, with Nebhat
; ; ; Collections. Cairo 27, Univ. Coll. P. 8, E. 1, Turin 6,
142e, with Sekhmet ; 142g, with Neit, all
142f, with Selket ; Price 4, St. Petersburg 5, Alnwick 3.

from Zuweleyn; 142h, blue paste, with names of Uazet,

Bastet, Aset, Nebhat, Sekhmet, Selket, and Neit; 1 42 j, light
blue glaze, gone white, uzat in relief with name of Aset (?) ;
145. HORUS THE CHILD.
142k, green glaze, reverse of 141n, name of Uazet. Name. Har-pc-kroti.
Materials. In general, the various types of uzat not
Meaning. Horus as an infant.
being sufficiently distinguished in catalogues, the materials Varieties. A, seated. B, on goose. C, standing.
in other collections of Nos. 138 to 142 are here stated Period. VI to Roman.
together the materials in University College collection are Vlth
;
Figures. 145a, bone, group 8, dynasty (see
stated above in detail. Green glaze 178, Blue glaze 116, 143b, blue-glazed quartz crystal,
Dcshaslieh, xxvi, 32) ;

Carnelian 84, Lazuli 25, Red jasper 28, Haematite 22, Xllth dynasty; 145c, d, bronze; 145d2, black steatite;
Obsidian 13, Porphyry 8, Serpentine 7, Prase 7, Limestone
145e, black steatite, Horus seated on the ground, Xllth
6, Steatite 6, Syenite 6, Diorite 4, Granite 4, Green felspar 4,
dynasty (?) ; 145f, g, silver, group 16; 148g 2, bronze;
Blue glass 4, Basalt 3, Silver 3, Red glass 3, Gold 2, Calcite
1451i, black steatite; 145j, silver, group 17 145k, silver on
;

2, Grey agate 1, Brown and green limestone 1, Crystal 1, 1451 145m m 5 (pi. xlv),
ring ; (pi. xlv), quartz crystal ;

Slate 1, Brown limestone Beryl 1, Silver gilt 1, Black

1, carnelian 148n, blue glaze, Roman; 145nn (xlvi), blue glaze,
;

glass 1, Green glass 1.

XXII 155o, bronze
Illahun, 145p, p 2, q, r, r 2, bronze
; ; ;

Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 100, E. 84, Price 124, St. on blue

145s, lion throne, glaze, Memphis 145t, blue ;

Petersburg 85, Turin 84, Alnwick 75, Cairo 71, Athens 16,
glaze. Type B, 145u, v, blue glaze with yellow points,
10.
Edinburgh group 22, Roman ;
145v 2, coarse blue glaze. Type C,
145\v, x, blue glaze with yellow points, group 22, Roman.
143. HORUS THE HUNTER. Similar figures of B
and C types, of large size, in rough terra
Name. Har. cotta, are very common as household amulets of Roman

The overcoming of evil beasts. age ; 145y (xlvii), dark blue glaze, holding club 145z, ;
Meaning.
Period. XXXth green glaze, phallic, holding baboon and vase (xxvii).
dynasty.
143. Materials. Blue glaze 18, Bronze 9, Green glaze 7,
Figure.
Material. Bronze. Silver 4, 4, Quartz crystal 1, Black steatite 2,
Carnelian

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. Glazed quartz 2, Lazuli 2, Grey glaze 1, bone 1.

Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 20, E. 5, St. Petersburg 10,
Turin 4, Murch 6.
144. HORUS ON THE CROCODILES.
The great example of this usual household amulet is the 146. HORUS ON LOTUS.
Metternich stele, published by Golenischeff, 1877. Perhaps
the earliest are two in limestone, which by the work may This is not known before Greek times, and so may easily
be of the XXVth dynasty, one in Cairo, 9,403, and one be an Indian idea imported but Horus in the marshes of ;

14 inches wide, 15 high to broken top, with fifteen Buto is so ancient an idea that the type might well arise in
lines of inscription on the back, in University College, P., Egypt.

34
 AMULETS OF HUMAN-HEADED GODS
Figure. 146, gold, with traces of blue glass inlay in the
group 20; 150c, (d, not in plate), e, green and black
lotus, group 15. From
north of Abydos.
glaze, Dendereh, group 21 150f, blue and black ;
Materials. Blue glaze with yellow points glaze,
2, Green glaze Dendereh, 21, with two feathers on head, as
Gold 1.
149g. Type B,
1,
150g, blue and black glaze, standing, Dendereh, 21
150h,' ;
Collections. Turin 8, Univ. Coll. P. 1.
green and black glaze, Dendereh, 21.
Materials. Blue or green glaze 5, gilt wax 8.
147. HEAD OF HORUS. Position. Shoulders and chest (4).
Period. Roman. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 8.
Figures. 147a, b, blue-green glaze.
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 2. 151. ISIS PHARIA.
Name. Isis Pharia, of the Pharos at Alexandria,
entirely
148. ISIS AND HORUS. of Greek origin.
"
Name. The heir and Isis " (see MacG. 60). Meaning. Protection of sailors ; the goddess is
reclining
in a barge and holding a steering oar.
Meaning. The protection of Isis.
Varieties and Period. A, seated on ground, Vlth dynasty. Period. Ptolemaic and Roman.
B, seated on throne. XXVI to Roman. Figures. 151a, green glaze faded brown 151b, violet- ;

blue glass; 181c (xlvi), pale blue

Figures. Type A, 148a, b, steatite, glazed, with geo- glass, on back, Uel ; 151d,
metrical patterns below, Vlth dynasty. coin of Gallienus, the
B, 148c, d, e, f, g, showing type clearly.
g2, g8, g4, blue glaze; 148h, j, silver, group 16; 148k,
Material. Green glaze 1, Violet glass 1, Pale blue
bronze 1481, blue and black glaze
; ; 148m (pi. xlvi), bronze ;
glass 1.

148m 2, bronze ; 148m 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, green glaze. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 3.

Materials. Green glaze 19, Blue glaze 14, Bronze 5,

Silver 2, Steatite 2, Lazuli 1, Agate 1, Blue glass 2, Grey
152. ISIS, NEBHAT, AND HORUS.
glaze 1. Meaning. The goddesses as protectresses.
Collections. St. Petersburg 18, Univ. Coll. P. 15, E. 6,
Period. XXVI to Roman.
Turin 5, Athens 2, Murch 2. Figures, 152a, b, green glaze, no inscription, loop on
back; 152b, 2, 3, 4, green glaze; 182c, bronze, the right-
149. ISIS. hand figure has the hair dressed in two horns as Iflis,

Period. XVIII to Roman. between the busts is a minute bust of Horus crowned.
Varieties. A, statuette. B, outline on plaque (Hawara Materials. Green glaze 49, Blue glaze 13, Grey glaze 4,
4, pi. 1). C, bust. Yellow glaze 1, Bronze 1.

Figures. Type A, 149a, bronze, fringed garment; 149b, Position. On breast (2) along with large zad, or line of
;

dark blue glass, orange glass crown 149c, d, dark blue ;

zad amulets, on chest or stomach (4) on thighs. ;

glass; feet of d, green glass, another figure; 149e, bright Collections. Alnwick 21, St. Petersburg 8, Price 4, Univ.
blue glaze, Ramesseum, XXth dynasty (?) 149f, Coll. P. 3, E. 3.
gold, group ;

15, Isis or Mut, not Neit by the uraeus, see 164 Mut 149g, ;
153. GROUPS OF GODDESSES.
silver, group 15
149h, pewter plate, group 18 149j, glaze
; ;

faded white, Hawara, group 82 ; 149k, gold,

Memphis, Period. XXVth to XXVIth dynasties.
group 27 1491, blue glaze with yellow points, Roman,
; Figures. lS3a, green glaze, Isis, Hathor, Mut, Nebhat,
group 22 149m, green-black glaze, possibly Neit 149m 2,
; ;
Sekhmet ;
these can be better identified on a blue-glazed
3, 4, 5, green glaze. Type C, 149n (pi. xlvi), bronze. pentad found at Hawara (Labyrinth, xxxi); 15 3 a 2, green
Materials. Green glaze 20, Blue glaze 18, Grey glaze 7, glaze Isis, Bast and Hathor (Edw.).
Lazuli 7, Blue glass 4, Gold 3, Silver 1, Bronze 2, Pewter 1, Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 1, E. 1, Manchester.
Brown glaze 1.

Position. Throat on chest in row of

154. NEBHAT.
(1) ;
gods (13) ;

stomach (1). Meaning. Protection, as Nebhat protected Horus.

Collections. Turin 22, St. Petersburg 17, Univ. Coll. P. Varieties. A, statuette. B, outline on plaque (Hawara,
18, E. 4, Murch 2, Athens 1. 4, pi. xlix).
Period. XXVI.
150. ISIS MOURNING. Figures. 154a, green glaze; 184b, brown glaze (burnt);
Meaning. Protection by Isis. 154c, olive glaze; 154d, e, blue glaze; 184f, olive glaze;
Varieties. A, kneeling with hand raised. B, standing 184g, g 2, green glaze faded, Hawara; 154g, 8, 4, green
Both as a pair inscribed on back,
winged. to Nephthys. glaze; 184h (pi. xliii), light green glaze,
" Nebhat
Period. Ptolemaic. give life to Nes . ." ; 184j (pi. xlv), light green
.

Figures. Type A, 160a, b, b 2, gilt wax, Dendereh. glaze.

F 2
 AMULETS OF HUMAN-HEADED GODS
"
Materials. Green glaze 2, Grey glaze Blue glaze
7, 6, Speech of the Osirian (an official) of Amen, Pa Shedet,
Lazuli, 4, Yellow glaze 2, Brown glaze 1, Blue glass 1. and continuing with a random portion of the usual chapter
Position. Chest (11); stomach 1. of the heart, xxx B. The person may be that named on
Collections. Turin 18, St. Petersburg 10, Univ. Coll. a Cairo quoted in Lieblein, Diet., 657. Type A, 188b,
stele,

P. 8, E. 2, Murch 2, Athens 1. black steatite, with female head, XlXth dynasty; 158c,
alabaster 158d, black steatite
;
bennu bird on front on
; ;

"
back Asar neb zad, " Osiris lord of Mendes ; 158e, brown
155. NEBHAT MOURNING. steatite, traces of shrine on front ; 158f, white quartz ; 158g,
Protection, as Nebhat protected Osiris.
XlXth dynasty; 188h, bronze, disc
blue and black glaze,
Meaning.
Period. Ptolemaic. on head, Memphis. Type B, 158j, black steatite, blue paste
inlay, scarab on front. Type C, 138k, bronze, on front,
Figures. 155a, gilt wax, Dendereh, group 20; 155b,
blue glaze, Dendereh, group 21. shrine, disc, scarab with wings, two gods at sides 1581, ;

Position. With No. 150, Isis mourning. bronze, two uraei head dress shrine with a hawk on each
;

Univ. Coll. P. 2.
corner and disc above it, disc and uraei below, scarab
Collection.
winged six figures of gods at sides 158m, bronze, shrine,
; ;

winged scarab, on back lotus; 158n, green glaze, shrine;

156. OSIRIS, ISIS, AND HORUS. 158o, bronze, on front heart amulet, shrine with two seated

Horus always figures, scarab, at sides four figures with raised hands
Meaning. Protection by the Triad. in
and Isis behind. adoring, two seated figures below; 158p, bronze, shrine, disc
front,
and uraei, scarab, at sides two figures with raised hands
Period. Ptolemaic and Eoman. ;

158q, mottled black and white steatite, shrine, winged scarab

Figures. 136a, a 2, gilt wax, Dendereh, group 20; 156b,
with disc on back a hawk displayed with two feather fans;
blue and black glaze, Dendereh, group 21 156c, dark blue
;
;

158r, brown pottery, scarab (?) on front, Roman 158s,

and black glaze, group 26 136d, black steatite, the heart
;
;

brown pottery, winged scarab and disc, shrine below.

of Osiris, between Isis wearing the two feathers, and Horus
Materials. Bronze 7, Steatite 5, Pottery 2, Alabaster 1,
crowned, with the club in his hand the back divided into ;

White quartz 1, Chalcedony 1, Agate 1, Blue glaze 1, Green

8 by 6 squares traces of Greek cursive writing scratched
;

on the ground between the figures. glaze 3, Chlorite 1, Limestone 1.

Materials. Blue glaze 2, Steatite 1, Gilt wax 1. Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 18, Cairo 4, Athens 2,

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 4. Beck, 1.

159. ORACULAR BUST.

157. OSIRIS.
Name.Hez medu Asar (repeated with other gods,
Varieties. A. Standing alone. B. Double figures. C. Kheper, Atum, and Ea) LEPSIUS, Denk., iii, 224 i.
D. Osiris and "
Osiris-Min. mummy. Meaning. Illumination by speech of Osiris," or of
Period XXVI to Roman. Kheper, Atum, or Ra. This appears to show that the bust
Figures. 157a, a 2, 3, 4, b, b 2, c, c 2, c 3, bronze, b from was an oracle of the god, and being called the "illumination"
"
Memphis ; 157d, gilt wax, Dendereh
157e, e 2, blue glass ; ;
or clearing," it may be connected with the Semitic oracular
157f, green glaze, Dendereh, group 21 157g, h (pi. xlv), ; Urirn. It appears on a stele, adored by a woman
making
wax. offerings (MARIETTE, Abydos, ii, 60) ;
as a bust between two
Materials. Bronze 20, Blue glaze 5, Green glaze 1, jackals on a stele (ROSELLINI, Mon. Civ., cxxxiv, 2); and as a
Wax 3.
glazed pottery bust at Tell Amarna (Amarna, xvii, 277 8).
Position. Stomach (1) ; feet (1). The form of it, a head and chest only, would accord with
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 8, E. 5, Turin 8 (B and C), the idea of the power of speaking.
Athens 4, St. Petersburg 3. Period. XVIII to XIX dynasties.
Figures. 159a, wood, XVII; 159b, limestone, XVIII

158. HEART OF OSIRIS. (reduced about a tenth); 159c, d, blue glaze with black
paint, XVIIIth dynasty 159e, violet glaze, Tell Amarna,
;

Meaning. The heart of the god supplied to the deceased ;

XVIII 159f, green glaze, faded, XVIII 159f 2, blue glaze ;
; ;

this branched into the idea of the heart scarab.

159g, bronze, with arms on the breast; 159h, bronze, flat
Varieties. A, plain. B, with shrine and scarab on front. behind head, as if fitted against a surface, with bust full
C, with figures of gods. thickness below; 159j, ivory with electrum loop, pre-
Period. XVIII to Roman. an
historic ; may be early form of the oracular bust.
Figures. Type B, 138a, black -green chlorite, XVIIIth Materials. Blue glaze 3, Green glaze 2, Bronze 2, Violet
dynasty; shrine on front, Osiris and Ra seated at the glaze 1, Limestone 1, Ivory 1, Woodl.
sides ; around the figure six lines of inscription, Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 9, E. 1, Turin 1 (1231).
beginning,

36
 AMULETS OF HUMAN-HEADED GODS
160. HORUS AND MIN. 167. SHU.
" "
Name. Min is named Horus, son of Isis of Koptos Period. XII, XXX.
(L/ANz., Diz. Mit., xvii). Figures. 167a, silver, hollow; 167b, carnelian, both
Period. XXVI (?). Xllth dynasty (?); 16c, d, e, f, light blue glaze; 167e 2,
Figure. 160, bronze. 8, 4, 5, 6, green glaze.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. Materials. Green glaze 65, Blue glaze 7, Grey glaze 6,
Bronze 2, Silver 1, Carnelian 1, Yellow glaze 1.
161. MIN. Position. Chest (2) stomach (1).;

Period. XXVI to Roman (?). Collections. Cairo 83, Turin 22, St. Petersburg 14, Univ.
Figures. 161a, bronze, Memphis ; 161b, c, c 2, d, bronze ;
Coll. P. 6, E. 5, Murch 1.

161e, f, f 2, g, green glaze161h, green glaze, Dendereh,

;

group 21 ; 161J, green glaze, with yellow points, group 23,

168. NEIT.
Roman 161k, grey steatite, part of a tablet, Min and heads
; Varieties. A, standing. B, suckling two crocodiles.
"
of Hathor; on back, winged disc and uraei, Ra," two vzat Period. XXVI to XXX.
eyes, etc. Figures. A, 168a, pewter plate. B, 168b, light blue
Materials. Green glaze 32, Bronze 5, Steatite 1, Wood 1.
glaze, Neit suckling two crocodiles (see LANZ., Diz. Mit.,
Position. Chest (1). clxxv). Seated figure (see MacG. 75); 168c, lazuli (xlvii).
Collections. Cairo 21, Univ. Coll. P. 9, E. 2, St. Peters- Materials. Lazuli 7, Green glaze 3, Blue glaze 3,
burg 4, Turin 2.
pewter 1.

162. AMEN. Position. Chest (5).

Collections. Cairo 3 (2 B), St. Petersburg 3, Univ. Coll.
Period. XXVI.
P. 2, E. 1, Turin 1, Murch 1.
Figures. 162a, a 2, bronze 1621), light blue glaze ; ; 162c,
blue plaque; 162d, light green head.
Materials. Green glaze 5, Blue glaze 2, Bronze 4, Gold 109. UNKNOWN DIVINITIES.
1, Silver 1, Granite 1. Period. Ptolemaic to Roman.
Collections. Turin 5, Cairo 4, Univ. Coll. P. 4, E. 1. Figures.169a, bronze, female in Greek chiton with hands
advanced, on the back of the head the face of a bear ;

168. AMEN, MUT AND KHONSU. possibly Artemis Brauronia 169b, blue glaze with yellow;

Period. XVIII. points, Roman, squatting female ; 169c, blue glass, female
holding breasts, Syrian influence (?) 169d (pi. xxxi), male
163, dark blue glaze.
;
Figure.
Materials. Green glaze 1, Blue glaze 1. figure green glaza with yellow points, Roman 169e, squat- ;

ting female, dark blue glaze (pi. xlvi); 169f, squatting

Collections. Turin 1, Univ. Coll. P. 1.
female, blue glaze with yellow points (pi. xlvi).
164. MUT. Materials. Blue glaze with yellow points 2, Green glaze
with yellow points 1, Dark blue glaze 1, Blue glass 1,
Period. XXVI(?).
Bronze 1.
Figures. 164a, blue glaze; 16$b, bronze; 164b 2,
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 6.
pewter, b 3, 4, 5, blue glaze; 16$c, silver, group 16 164d :

(pi. xlv), violet glaze, Rifeh, XlXth dynasty; 16$e, apple-

green glaze 164f, head on cylinder, blue glaze 170. IIATHOR.
(xlvii) ;

(xlvii). Name. " The habitation of Horus," apparently the

Materials. Green glaze 4, Silver 2, Bronze 2, Blue mother of one of the forms of Horus, distinct from the Isis
glaze 5, Pewter 1. tradition. Especially venerated as the Mother Goddess.
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 4, E. 5, Turin 3, Cairo 2. Varieties. A, standing. B, seated.
Period. 1st to XXXth dynasty.
165. KHONSU. group 15; 170b, silver,
Figures. Type A, 170a, gold,
Period. XXVI. group 16 ; 170c, c 2 (pi. xliii), bone, group 5, Vlth dynasty ;

Figures. 168a, bronze; 165b, green glaze (pi. xxxi). 170d, gold, Hathor and zad, group 4, Vlth dynasty. Type
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2. B (pi. xxvii), 170e, e2, f, f2, carnelian, e8, porphyry;
170g, g2, carnelian; h, h2, h 3, carnelian, porphyry,
166. ANHUR. XVIIIth dynasty rudely cut open work. Hawara. These
;

Period. XXVI figures all have long hair,

and appear to be female ;
(?).
and disc on the head, probably Hathor
166, bronze. they have a crescent
;
Figure.
the body of the
Materials. Bronze 1, Green glaze 1. they appear to be engaged in forming
Collections. Cairo 1, Univ. Coll. P. 1. deceased person for future life, in the attitude of the

37
 AMULETS OF HUMAN-HEADED GODS
Khnumu creative figures, as LANZ., Diz. Mit., cccxxxvi, 8.
175. NEFERTUM.
therefore, they are the seven Hathors who
create a Varieties. A, standing alone. B, standing on a lion.
Perhaps,
person. 170j, hronze (xlvi). Period. XXVI.
Materials. Carnelian 4, Blue glass 4, Porphyry 2, Gold Type A, 175a, violet glaze, no back pillar;
Figures.
2, Silver 1, Bone 2, Bronze 1, Limestone 1. 175a2, blue glaze; 175b, green glaze, on back pillar,
Univ. Coll. P. 15, E. Murch 2. " of Nefertum, son of
Collections. 1, Speech lady Sekhmet, giving life,

of ."; 175b 2, bronze, b 3, green glaze (xlvi) 175c,

. . ;

bronze; 175d, light blue glaze; 175e, silver, group 17,

171. HEAD OF HATHOR. Memphis. Type B, 178f, light green glaze. A, 175g 2,
" very rude. (See also 131c.)
Name. Her ne pot, " human faced (LACAU, 84). light green glaze, g3 laiuli,

Varieties. The head of Hathor appears worn by King Materials. Green glaze 1 B, Blue glaze 8, Bronze 5,

also later with a straight Silver 4, Violet glaze 1, Yellow glaze 1, Lazuli 1.
Narmer upon his waist cloth ;

Collections. Cairo 16 and 3 B, Univ. Coll. P. 6 and 1 B,

wig, and with curling ends to the wig. As an amulet, it
E. Turin 4, St. Petersburg 3 and IB.
appears on the neck of the sacred Aht cow (LANZ, Diz.
5,

Mit., 1).
Period. I to XXX. Apparently also prehistoric (Naqada,
176. PTAH SEKER.
Ixiv, 94). Name and Meaning. Ptah, god of the dynastic race at
Figures, ilia, b, gold, XVIIIth dynasty; 171c, grey- Memphis, united with Seker of Saqqareh, the primitive
" " "
green glaze, XXXth dynasty (?); 171d, bine glaze, XVIIIth god of the dead, or of silence like Mertseker, lover of ;

dynasty; 171e, apple-green glaze, piece of large disc, silence," the goddess of the Theban necropolis.
XXVIth dynasty; 171f, blue glaze; f2, blue paste, Varieties. A, alone. B, backed by gods on a plaque.
XVIIIth dynasty 171g blue glaze, Illahun,
; (pi. xlv), C, double.
XXIInd dynasty. Period. XVIII to Ptolemaic.
Materials. Green glaze 8, Blue glaze 8, Yellow glaze 2, 176a, b, black and white porphyry, XVIIIth
Figures.
Gold 2, Blue paste 1, Black glaze 1, Grey glaze 1, Blue dynasty 76c, blue glaze, XVIII 1 76d, green glaze, XVIII
;
1 ; ;

glass 1 (Naqada), Lazuli plaque 176e, green glaze, side view, XIX ; 176f, blue glaze, with
1.

Collection*. Turin 10, Univ. Coll. P. 7, Murch 2, St. scarab on head, XXII ; 176g, blue glaze, crowned, Illahun,
Petersburg 1. XXII ; 176h, h2, green glaze, XXVI; 176j, j 2, burnt green

glaze ; 176k, green glaze ; 1761, 1, 2, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,

172. MlOT. burnt green glaze 176m, bronze, solid casting with raised
;

figure; 176n, blue glaze, eating serpents (xlvi); 176o,

Meaning. Impersonation of Truth, not worshipped as a
(xlvii), green glaze 176p (xlvi), green glaze, Bast with
;

divinity. XXIII.
spread wings behind, Illahun,
Varieties. A, seated. B, winged.
Green glaze Blue glaze Yellow
Materials. A, 55, 15,
Figure. 172, Lazuli. Carnelian
glaze 2, Quartz crystal 1, Syenite 1,
Porphyry 2, 1,
Materials. Lazuli 10, Green glaze 1, Red glass 1.
Bronze B, Green glaze 8.
1, Ivory C, Blue glaze 2.
1.
Position. Throat (1) chest (6).
A, Cairo 21, St. Petersburg 12, Univ. Coll.
;

Collections.
Collections. Cairo 6, St. Petersburg 2, Univ. Coll. P. 1,
P. 12, E. 12, Turin 10, Murch 4. B, Turin 5, St. Peters-
Athens 1.
Univ. Coll. E.
burg 2 backed by;Bast, Illahun, C, St.

Petersburg; triple, Cairo.

173. HATMEHYT.
Name. 177. PTAH.
Hatmehyt the goddess of Mendes, wearing the
sacred fish of Mendes. (See No. 2S5.) Period. XXVI to XXX.
Period. XXVI. Figures. 177a, bronze; 177b, b2, green glaze; 177c,
Figures. apple green glaze; 173b, dull green
173a, bright green glaze, Memphis; 177d, schist, Illahnn
glaze, blundered inscriptions on the back of each. (xlvii).
Collections. Cairo 5 (glazed), Univ. Coll. P. 2. Materials. Green glaze 15, Blue glaze 5, White glaze 1,

Gold 1, Bronze 2.
Collections. Cairo 14, Turin, 4, St. Petersburg 4, Univ.
174. SELKET. Coll. P. 3, E. 2.

Period. XXVI to XXX.

Material. Lazuli 14, Schist 1.
178. DWARF.
Position. Throat (1) ; chest (8). Meaning. Compare the gobbo in Italy.

Collections. Cairo 11, St. Petersburg 2, Univ. Coll. E. 2. Period. Roman.

38
 AMULETS OF HUMAN-HEADED GODS
Figures. 178a, lazuli, fine work; 179b, yellow glass. (pi. xlv), lead, horseman with nimbus, and spear in hand
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2. striking a kneeling figure below, crescent above reverse, ;

traces of six lines of inscription ; 179e, lead, figure holding

179. SAINTS.
long cross, another with arms raised reverse Eis theOs ho ;

Meaning. Protection by saints. boethon,"In God is help"; 179f (pi. xlvi), amber-yellow
Period. Third century A.D. to Coptic. glass, Jonah asleep under the gourd, ship in the back-

Figures. 179a, bronze; 179b, bronze; 179c, lead, figure ground this class of yellow glass pendant is dated to about
;

with nimbus in middle, on each side a figure adoring 179d ;

250 A.D. by heads of Philip and Otacilia. Univ. Coll. P. 6.

CHAPTER VIII

AMULETS OF ANIMAL-HEADED GODS

THEOPHORIC AMULETS, 180 208.

THE primitive animal worships of the Egyptian nomes Materials.Green glaze 54, Blue glaze 9, Yellow glaze 6,
may well have had a totemistic basis though that is Grey glaze 4, Red glaze 1, Lazuli 5, Blue glass 2, Bronze 2,
questioned. There is no doubt that they largely modified Pewter 1, Ebony 1. Type G, Green felspar or prase 10.
the ideal of anthropomorphic gods which probably came Type D, blue glaze with yellow points 7 (4 at St. Petersburg).
in with the Libyan race at the beginning of the prehistoric Position. In main row of gods on chest (10); stomach (1).
civilisation. The two different ideals were reconciled, Collections. Cairo 40, Turin 24, St. Petersburg 18, Univ.
like the different races, by fusion. The human figures Coll. P. 13, E. 2.

acquired the animal heads and in no point is the artistic

;

181. 11 A.
skill of the Egyptian shown better than in the facile

union of such incongruous subjects as the ibis or snake Varieties. A, standing, or B, seated ; always hawk-
with the man. Each stock of the mixed race clung to its headed with disc.

own beliefs, and down to Roman times the animal-headed Period. XXVI to XXX.
gods were as much venerated as any others. Figures. 181a, bronze; 181a
green glaze, small, a 3,
2,

alabaster, small 181b, bronze, having a crescent below the

;

180. HORUS. disc it appears to be Ra-Khonsu with the crescent the god
;

It is difficult to separate between the figures of the is named as Khonsu, never as Ra but this is Ra-Khonsu,
;
gods
Horus and Ra, who were so intimately blended. The only as Khonsu strictly is human-headed with the youthful lock
of hair; 181c, c 2, olive-green glaze 181c 3 7, blue glaze;
practical course, where no inscription exists, is to class
;

plain hawk-headed figures as Horus, and those with the

181d (pi. xlv), green glaze faded, Hawara ;
181e (pi. xlv),

disc of the sun upon the head as Ra. shell, Illahun, XXIInd dynasty; 181f,
apple-green glaze
Varieties. with a Ilor-merti plaque, holding the IMS sceptre, and called Hor-mer-tef
A, striking spear, (see
Cairo, 38618). B, hawk-headed, wearing double (L.4NZ., Dw. Mtf., xvii) 181 g, white
; gliss; 181h, blue glaze,
inscrip.
crown. C, seated, no head-dress. D, lion-headed, Hur- Ra in his boat adored by the baboons, XVlIIth dynasty.
Materials. Green glaze 28, Blue glaze 12, Yellow glaze 2,
akhti (LANZ., Diz. Mit., 625). E, on crocodiles.
Period. XVIII to Roman. Grey glaze 5, Lazuli 1, Bronze 2, White glass 1.

bronze. Position. In the row of gods on the chest (6) throat (1). ;
Figures. Type A, 180a, B, 180b, ebony ;

and Hawara Collections. Turin 16, Cairo 14, Univ. Coll. P. 7, E. 9,

180c, bronze; 180d, e, green glaze, f,

blue glaze; St. Petersburg 7, Athens 1, Murch 1.

(pi. xlv); 180d, 2, 3, light 180g, pewter
plate, group 18; 180h, green glaze; 180j, blue glaze,
182. FOUR SONS OF RA.
Dendereh, group 21 180k, green glaze, classed as Hor-
;

behudti in Cairo catalogue 1801, blue glass 180rn, blue ;

Names. Amset, human head ; Hapy, baboon head ;
Duat
;

glaze, mummiform, perhaps Kebhsenuf, son of Horus mutef, jackal head Kebhsenuf, hawk head.
;

" "
(see 182); 180n, lazuli, perhaps Kebhsenuf (pi. xlv), Meanings. Amset or Mestha, probably the statue or

blue glaze, probably Kebhsenuf (182); image. Hapy, perhaps Hapy the bull god of Memphis, who
group 28 180o, o 2,
;

and 180o 3, steatite, but no fellow figures are known of the presided over the great cemetery
of Memphis. Duat mutef,
" "
other genii. Type D, 180p (pi. xxiii), blue glaze, yellow the underworld is his mother." Kebhsenuf, Coolness is
points, RomanHorus of the eastern and of the western
;
his brother." Each son protected one part of the body ;
horizons hand in hand. Type E, 180q, green glaze. Amset the stomach and large intestines, Hapy the small

39
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL-HEADED GODS
intestines, Duat mutef the lungs and heart, Kebhsenuf the Materials. Green felspar 28, 4, Carnelian 2,
Amethyst
liver and gall. The four are often shown standing together Bone 4, Green glaze 5, 1, Lazuli
Yellow glass 1.
on a lotus flower before Osiris. Collections. Murch 25, Univ. Coll. P. 18 E. 2, St. (

Varieties. Execute! in all kinds of material, metals, Petersburg 1.

wax, pottery, vegetable paste, bead-work, etc.

Period. XXIII to Eoman. (On tops of jars from Xllth

186. HATHOR COW-HEADED.
dynasty, but all human -headed.)
182a, gold; 182b, pewter, group 18 182c, gilt
Period. XVIII to XXVI.
Figures. ;

Figures. dark blue glaze, XVIII; 186b, light

186a,
wax; 182d, red pottery; 182e, e 2, blue glaze with red
paint, withwinged scarab; 182f, green glaze, with applied green glaze, XXVI; 186c, d (pi. xlv), green glass, burnt.
blue; 182g, wax; 182h, white and red glass; 182j, red
Materials. Green glaze 2, Blue glaze 2, Green glass 2.
Position. Throat (1) chest (1).
glass; 182k, blue glaze; 1821, dark blue glaze, with black
;

and girdle tie; 182 12, Duat ruutef, Collections. Cairo 2, Univ. Coll. P. 4. (See also 210.)
heads, also with scarab
blue glazed schist; 182m, blue glaze; 182n, black wax;
182o, black clay, with blue paint on heads; 182p, green 187. KHNUMU.
glaze ; 182q, blue glaze, with black paint,Dendereh,
Meaning. The Creator, popular in late times as
Ptolemaic, group 21 ; 182r (pi. xxxiii), blue glaze on one
Khnouphis.
plaque, Dendereh, group 21 and see 93f, g (pi. xi.)
Materials. Blue glaze 40, Green glaze 11, Wax
Varieties. A, statuette. B, outline on plaque (Hawara
9, Clay 8,
4, pi. 1).
Pewter 6, Green glass 6, Red glass 5, Blue glass 4, Pottery
Gold White glass Wood 1.
Period. XXVI.
4, 2, 1,
Position. Usually in two pairs facing, on the chest (9) or
Figures. Type A, 187a, bronze; 187b, dark green glaze ;
stomach below the winged scarab. 187c, coarse green glaze 187d, red glaze (? burnt green);
;
(2),
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 49 in
187e, f, f 2, Hawara, group 32, f 3, g, all green glaze.
(others funerary
Materials. Green glaze 46, Blue glaze 8, Yellow glaze 3,
section), Turin 27, St. Petersburg 7, Murch 4.
Grey glaze 3, Red-grey glaze 7, Red glaze 1, Carnelian 1,
Bronze 1, Blue paste 1.
183. SET.
Position. In row of gods on chest (4) stomach (1). ;

Period. XXVI ('?). Extremely rare as an amulet, as well Collections. Cairo 30, Turin 20, St. Petersburg 11, Univ.
as in larger figures.
Coll. P. 8, E. 1, Murch 1.
Figure. 183, bronze, wearing double crown, the upright
ears shown on either side.
Materials. Bronze Blue glaze Red wood 1.
188. BBS OR BESA.
1, 1,
Collections. Cairo 1, Univ. Coll. P. 1, Turin 1. Name. Besa, the native name of Cynaelurus guttatus.
Meaning. The god of children, of dance and games.
181. SPHINX, MALE. Varieties. Dealt with under 189, 190.
Period. XVIII to Roman.
Period. XXVI.
VI, XVIII,
Figures. PI. xxxiv, 188a, b, gold, XVIII 188c, red paste,
IS^a, brown limestone,
;
Figures. fine work, XVIIIth
Tell Amarna, XVIII. PI. xxxiii, 188d, schist, dark green
dynasty; 18$b, green glazs, of Graeco- Assyrian style also ;

glaze, XVI II;188e, dark blue glaze, XVIII; 188e 2, blue

18a 2, lazuli, of Rainessu II; 18$a 3, blue paste, of
II.
glaze; 188f, steatite, XIX (?); 188g, silver, XIX (?), head-dress
Sety
Materials.Green felspar 4, Amethyst 2, Lazuli very high 188h, white schist
; 188h2, blue glaze, larger; ;

2,
Carnelian 1, Limestone 1, Green glaze 1, Blue paste 1. 188j,j2, green glaze; 188k, dark blue glaze with yellow
points, Roman 1881, light blue, similar 188m, green, n,
Collections. Murch 8, Univ. Coll. P. 4, Athens 1. ; ;

o, p, blue,with yellow points, Roman 188q, bronze 188r, ; ;

bright blue, XX(?); 188s, dark green, thin, XVIII; 188t, light
185. SPHINX, FEMALE. blue glaze, Memphis 188u, light green glaze; 1 88 v, grey
;

Varieties. A, bird body. B, cat body. glaze; 188w,w 2, green gone brown, blue and yellow
Period. VI to Ptolemaic. applied, Roman; 188x, dark violet glass, seated; 188y,
Figures. A, 185a d, bone, possibly intended for a gone grey, with yellow
light green, seated; 188z, green
human-headed vulture of the goddess Mut, group 18. Type points, Roman, Bes under archway with two columns ;

B, 185e, green felspar, apparently a cat body, group

f, f 2, 188aa, ab, blue glass impressed 188ac, violet glaze, XVIII.
;

30; 185g, h, carnelian, group 14 18SJ, green glaze faded, ; Materials. Green glaze 52, Blue glaze 46, Blue or green
Memphis, XXIIIth dynasty by the form of hair 185k, k 2, ; with yellow points 7, Red glaze 2, Grey glaze 4, Blue glass
1, green glaze, black hair, XXVI ; 185m,
green and black 3, Greenglass 1, Gold 4, Silver 1, Bronze 4, Carnelian 2,
glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic ;
185m 2, yellow glass, small. oteatite 2, Schist 1, Violet glaze 1.

40
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL-HEADED GODS
Collections. Cairo 59, Univ. Coll. P. 27, E.
9, Turin 18 Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 20, E. Turin Murch
Alnwick 18, Murch 8. 6, 4, 2,
bt. 1.
Petersburg

189. BBS. UNUSUAL FORMS. 191. TAHUTI OF PANEBES.

Varieties. A, profile holding sa, for protection. B, "
Name. Tahuti of Panebes in Nubia"
(LANZ., Diz Mit
dancing in profile with tambourine. C, front face between 1

cccciv),probably known as the deity of the malachite

two in profile dancing. D, with
lyre. E, armed. F, with mines there (B. D. G.
885).
cylinder on head. G, winged, holding uzats. H, with two Period. XXVII (?).
uraei. J, masculine and feminine. K, feminine, Beset. L, Figure. 191, light blue glaze, good
sharp work.
quadruple. M, as sphinx. N, between two Taurts. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
Period. XVIII to Eoman.
blue glaze, holding sa before
figures. Type A, 189a, 192. MAKES.
him, the other hand holding the tail of the skin, XVIII.
Name. "
Type B, 189b, blue glaze. Type C, 189c, violet glaze, Mda-Jtes, the striking lion."
XVIII. Type D (see Cairo). faded blue
Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic.
E, Type 189d,
Eoman Figures.192a, bronze, with atef crown on head;
glaze, yellow points, 189e, blue glaze, Eoman (type
; 192b,
b
common in household pottery
amulets). Type F (see
2, 8, 4, c, light
green glaze 192d, violet glass 192e (pi. ;
;

xxxix), light blue glaze, Mahes (?)

Turin). Type G, 189f, violet glaze, XVIII. Type H, 189g, holding two lions (?).
blue glaze, Eoman. Materials. Green glaze 23, Blue glaze 8, Bronze
Type J, 189h, blue glaze, yellow 8, Blue
glass 2.
points, Eoman. Type K (only in household pottery
Collections. Cairo 15, St.
amulets). Type L, 189j, light blue glaze, a double figure Petersburg 6, Univ. Coll. P. 5,
E. 3, Turin 2, Athens 2.
with four heads. Type M, 189k, glaze faded
white, figure
on top, and central figure missing, XXVI.
Materials. Green glaze 14, Blue glaze 15, Blue with 193. ANHUR AND TEFNUT.
yellow points 2, Yellow glaze 8. These deities are associated on a group in the Louvre,
Position. Necklaces, especially of children. (LANZ., Diz. Mit., 77).
Collections. A, Univ. Coll. P. 1. B, Univ. Coll. P. 1, St. Period. XVIII.
Petersburg 1. C, Univ. Coll. P. 1. D, Cairo 3. E, Univ. Figures. 193a, b, blue glaze.
Coll. P. 2, Cairo 1. F, Turin 1. G, Univ. Coll. P. 1. H, Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.
Univ. Coll. P. 1. J, Turin 1, Cairo 1, Univ. Coll. P. 1. K,
Turin 4. L, Cairo Univ. Coll. P. Turin
1, 1, 1. M, Univ. 194. SEKHMET OR BASTET.
Coll. P. 1. N, Turin 6, St. Petersburg 1.
Many figures cannot be separated between these two lion-
or cat-headed goddesses, so they are here classed together.
190. BBS HEAD.
Period. XVIII to XXX.
Varieties. A, alone. B, on plaque. C, on uzat. D, on Figures. 194a, blue glaze, faded, the dress suggests a
disc. male god, but the head is exactly like those of the
goddesses
Period. XXIII (?) to Eoman. (see Cairo 38,587) ; 194b, bronze, holding sistrum, basket,
Figures. Type A, 190a, light green, probably part of a and aegis, certainly Bastet ; 194c, blue paste, on back
figure ; 190b, light green glaze ; 190b 2, violet glaze, large ; "Speech of Bast . ."; 194d, green glaze; 194e, silver,
.

190c, d, d2, blue glaze, XXIII; 190e, yellow and brown group 16 (see pi. xxxvi) 1 94f ; , g, blue glaze, XIX (?), Sekhmet,
glaze; 190f, green glaze, part of a figure; 190g, blue glaze, by disc on head 194h, blue ; glaze, Illahun, XXII ; 194h 2,
faded; 190h, violet glass, Eoman; 190j, clear white glass, green glaze ; light green glaze
194j, k, 1, ; 19411 (pi. xlvi) ;

Eoman 190k, green glaze

; 190k, 2, 3, green glaze, small,
;
11 blue glaze; 194m, light blue glaze 194n,
2, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, ;

Naukratis; 1901, blue glaze, Memphis 190m, blue glaze, ; schist, figure of Sekhmefc, probably part of a menat ; reverse,
Eoman. Type B, 190n, plaque of schist, both sides shown. Nehebka and other figures, see below ; 194o, alabaster,
Type C, 190o, blue glaze, lotus on back 190p, green ; tapering body and legs, Saft 194p, dark blue glaze, female
;

glaze. Type D, 190q, glaze burnt black, reverse shown kneeling, offering to Bastet, name twice on back, see below ;

below 190q 2, blue glaze; 190q 3, green glaze, pierced

; ; 194q, blue glaze, Eamesseura. On pi. xlv, 194r, blue faded,
190r, light green glaze, reverse uzat eye 190s, pottery ; Sekhmet, Memphis; 194s, bronze, with double crown;
mould, Memphis. A, 190t (pi. xlvi) green glaze; 190u, 194t, wood, XXII, Illahun. On xlvi, 194u, green glazed,
blue paste with four- winged Bes straddling on the base. seated 194v, head on a pillar, blue glaze (xlvii).
;

Materials. Green glaze 11, Blue glaze 9, Yellow glaze 3, Materials. Green glaze 48, Blue glaze 86, Grey glaze 8,
Limestone 1, Violet glass 1, Clear glass 1, Blue paste 1, Silver 1, Bronze 2, Electrum 1, Schist 1, Blue paste 1,
Violet glaze 1. Gypsum 1, Alabaster 2, Wood 1.

41
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL-HEADED GODS
Collections. Cairo 86, Univ. Coll. P. 16, E. 8, Turin 20, 198. UPUATU.
St. Petersburg 17, Murch 1. "
Names. The opener of the ways."
Meaning. Guidance to the soul, as the jackal's tracks
195. AEGIS OF BASTET (AND MUT ?). show the best in the desert.
way
This in form of a Period. Ptolemaic
is deep collar of beadwork, usually (?).

surmounted by a lion's head it has a menat attached to it

;
Figure. 198, black steatite,
kneeling figure with a
at right angles behind (see the socket of 198a), and it is hawk's body behind, and with two jackal heads, the god
carried by the menat in the left hand of Bastet. The name being double, of the north and of the south.
and meaning of it are unknown. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

Period. XXII to XXVI.

Figures. 195a, bronze, front and back of both aegis and 199. JACKAL-HEADED ARCHER.
menat ; 195b, b 2, blue glaze, faded white ; 195c, blue
This god is not identified.
glaze, side view of head, with Nehebka, uraeus and uzat ;
Period. XXII (?).
reverse, collar; 195d, green glaze with yellow lines,
Koman 195e Figure. 199, wood. (See Cairo Catalogue, 88,857.)
; (pi. xlv), silver gilt; 195f, silver; 19Sg, g2,
blue glaze, head of Mut (?), Illahun, XXII Collections. Cairo 1, Univ. Coll. P. 1.
195h, bronze, ;

female head; 198j, blue glaze, head of Mut (?) ; 193k, 1,

bronze, female head with disc and horns, Isis (?); 198m, n, 200. SHREWMOUSE-HEADED FIGURE.
bronze, lion head.
This appears to be a male figure as the shrew mouse ;
Materials, as above, Univ. Coll. P. 13, E. 2, St. Petersburg
was sacred to Horus, it may be a form of that god.
1, green glaze.
Figures. 200, bronze. (See Cairo Catalogue, 88,859.)
Collections. Cairo 1, Univ. Coll. P. 1.
196. SHU AND TEFNUT.
The heads of these twin deities are often figured at the
201. SEBEK.
top of a menat of bronze.
Period, XXVI. Period. XVIII.
" 201, light blue opaque glass (see LANZ., Diz.
Figures. 196a, bronze, inscribed To Shu and Tefnut. Figure.
"
Thapa, son of Duaha, born of Kare-za ; the name Thapa, Mit., cocliv).
after the
hippopotamus goddess Apit, belongs to the XlXth Material. Above ;
and gold, Cairo.

dynasty (LiEB., Diet., 760) Duaha, called after the moon

;
Position. Chest (1).
" Collections. Univ. Coll. P. Cairo
god, suggests the XXVIth dynasty and Kareza, son of 1, 1.
;

the Karian," points also to the Early Greek age (L., Diet.,
2396); 196b, bronze; 196b2, bronze. At St. Petersburg, 202. TEHUTI.
1 of bronze with lion head.
Principally honoured as the god of writing and know-
ledge.
197. ANPU. XXVI
Period, to XXX.
Meaning. Anpu, Anubis, was the protector of the dead, Figures. 202a, green glaze, Tehuti holding an uzat eye
the god of the cemetery frequented by the jackals. in each hand on back " Speech of Tehuti, lord of Shmun
;

Period. XXVI to Roman. great god, lady (sic) of heaven . . ." ; 202b, green glaze
Figures. 197a, b, c, d, bronze; 197a 2, 3, 4, green faded, Hawara ; 202b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, green glaze ; 202c, blue
glaze, smaller 197e, f, violet glass
: 197f 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ; glaze, with beak 202c 2, 3, lazuli 202d, green
violet ; ;

green glaze; 197g, blue glaze; 197h, steatite; 197j, blue glaze; 202e, e pewter plate, group 18; 202f, bronze;
2,

glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 197k, blue glaze ; 202g, green-blue glaze 202h, steatite charm tablet, with
;

with yellow points, Roman ; 1971, bronze, kneeling, pouring figure of Tehuti rosette and line of Demotic on reverse
; ;

water (see Cairo, 38,569 see 3Sm) 197m (pi. xlv), bone,
; ; 202j, j 2, 8, blue glaze; 202k, bronze; 2021, green glaze
Illahun, seated 197n (pi. xlv), ebony, seated.
; (pi. xlvi).
Materials. Green glaze 60, Blue glaze 19, Grey glaze 5, Materials. Green glaze 88, Blue glaze 28, Grey glaze 6,
Black and yellow glaze 2, Red glaze 1, Blue glass 3, Grey White glaze 1, Red glaze 1, Lazuli 7, Blue glass 2, Bronze
glass 2, Yellow glass 2, Bronze 8, Wood 7, Bone 1, 3, Pewter 1.

Porphyry Quartz crystal 1, Carnelian 1, Agate 1.

1, Position. In the main row of gods on the chest (9) ;

Position. Chest (2). stomach (1).

Collections. Cairo 44, Turin 17, St. Petersburg 14, Univ. Collections. Cairo 51, Turin 86, St. Petersburg 15,
Coll. P. 18, E. 10, Murch 7, Athens 8. Univ. Coll. P. 18, E. 8, Athens 2,
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL-HEADED GODS
203. SERPENT-HEADED GOD. Figures. 203a, blue-green glaze, two serpent heads, on
Name. Khet-ba-mutef is represented crowned with a back a blundered inscription, beginning Ra nofer ar .; . .

disc, perhaps the same as 203b, which has disc and 203b, bronze, Khet-ba-mutef (?) 208c, bronze 203d, lead,
; ;

crescent (LiNZ., Diz. Mit., 998). possibly a serpent head.

CHAPTER IX
AMULETS OF ANIMAL GODS
THEOPHOBIC AMULETS, 204 261.

MISCELLANEOUS, 262 276.

THE worship of sacred animals survived in Egypt for 206. BABOON (Papio).

thousands of years alongside of higher beliefs. Beginning Period. VI to Ptolemaic.

before the earliest civilisation of which we have
probably Figures. bone, group 6; 206b, bone, group 8;
206a,
remains, it found to be prominent in all the great centres,
is
206d, blue glaze, group
206c, green-blue glaze, group 9 ;

and most of the nomes. The bulls of Memphis and Helio- 12 ; 206e, green glaze, XIX (?) 206f two baboons, crowned
; ,

polis, the ram

of Thebes, the hawk of Edfu, are the remains
with disc and crescent, electrum, XVIII ; 206g, blue glaze,
of older faiths, long before Ptah and Amen and Horus had " Tehuti lord of
XVIII; 206h, white schist, on back
eclipsed in those cities. The popularity of the animal
them mat;
Shmun"; 206j, bronze; 206k, green glaze, holding
worship did not wane till Roman times ; the abundance Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21; 206m,
2061, blue glaze,
of amulets of sacred animals shows how much was thought
(pi. xlv), green glaze, Illahun, XXIInd dynasty. (See also
of them. Though some animal figures here are not known
to be connected with a god, that is to be expected, as it Blue glaze Yellow glaze
Materials. Green glaze 15, 9,
a with later theology could
was not always that junction 3, Redjasper 1, Carnelian 1, Agate 1, glaze 1, Blue
Red
be performed. The old independent animal worships would Bronze Bone 2, Onyx 1, Schist 1,
glass 2, Lazuli 1, 2,
not have any priesthoods or inscriptions by which we can Electrum 1.

recognise them and it is only the making

and wearing of Turin 19, Univ. Coll. P. 12, St. Petersburg
;
Collections.
these figures which shows what animals were venerated. 9, Cairo 5, Murch 4, Athens 1.

204. APE STANDING (Cercopithecus).

APIS.
207.
Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic (?).
Name. Hap. There is no connection yet known between
Figures. 20Sa, a 2, faded green glaze 20Sb, b 2, violet ;
the four sons of
this and Hap, the Nile, or Hapy, one of
glass; 204c, faded green glaze, Memphis; 204d, green
over kneeling woman; Horus.
glaze, burnt brown, ape standing the primitive wor-
Meaning. The sacred bull Hap was
204e (xlvii), green glaze. with other names in
like the sacred bulls
Materials. Green glaze 20, Blue glaze 11, Lazuli 1, ship of Memphis,
other cities.
Blue glass 2, Basalt 1, Bronze 1.
Varieties. A, bronze figures. B, square tablets or
Collections. Cairo 17, St. Petersburg 5, Turin 4, Univ.
Coll. P. E. Murch 85 (amethyst 27, carnelian 4, pectorals.
4, 8,
Period. XXVI to Roman.
lazuli 8, green felspar, attitude not stated). and
on a sled, disc
Figures. Type A, 207a, bronze,
uraeus between the horns ; 207b, c, bronze, with disc and
205. APE SEATED. uraeus; 207b 2, blue glaze. Type B, 207d, green glaze;
with garland
207e, silver embossed plate, bull regardant,
Period. VI to XXX.
by a kneeling
207f, cast lead plate, bull
fed
203a, bone, Vlth dynasty, group 4 205b, green
hung over it ;

Fignret.
;
blue glaze, with black and
priest, garland above; 207g,
glaze, burnt red 205c, blue glaze faded white, Memphis ;
blue
bull regardant ; 207h (pi. xlv),
;
glasi
yellow applied,
205d, green glaze, faded.
Materials. Green glaze 4, Yellow frit 2, Blue glaze 1, impressed.
Bronze, 14, Yellow glaze 9, Blue glaze 10,
Materials.
Bone 1.
8, Silver 1, Lead
Green glaze 8, Yellow glass 2, Blue glass
1,
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 4, Cairo 8, St. Petersburg 1,
Schist 2.
Murch.
a 2
48
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL GODS
Collections. Cairo 12, St. Petersburg 10, Univ. Coll. P. 9, emblem of Ra, aMendes, the souls of Ra,
Osiris, Shu an d
E. 1, Turin 9, Athens 8, Alnwick 2, Murch 1 B. Khepera.
Period. Prehjtoric to Ptolemaic.
208. HATHOH COW. Figures. lt noble serpentine ; 211b, dark green
steatite, both proiatoric ; 211c, lazuli, with the
Name. Erpet alit (MacG. 58) ; Aht cow belonged to
the character
istic long fleece ;illd, d 2,
Hathor, by the amulet or badge worn on the neck (IiANZ., light green glaze 211 e silver- ; ,

21 If, green glazdrarnt brown.

Dit. Mit., I). Memphis 21 lg, dark blue ;

glaze ;
21 Ih,
ligl green glaze ; 21 Ij, deep blue
Varieties. A, couchant. B, standing. glaze with

Period. XVIII to Roman. yellow points, grap 22, Roman 211k, apple-green ;
glaze
Dendereh, Ptoleiaic, group 21 2111, schist, ram
208a, fine blue glaze, mid XVIII
Figure*. 208b, light ;
;
couchant
under tree, uraas in front
green glazo.XXVI; 208c, blue glaze, moulded, flat back, XIX ; ; reverse, title and name of

cut out of a Bheet moulded Shabaka, XXVthlynaaty 211m ; (pi. xl), bronze, with two
208d, bronze, ; 208e, wax, gilt,
heads. C, 211 n >1. xlvi), lazuli.
group '20; 208f, npple green glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,
Material*. Bie glaze 26, Green glaze 15, Lazuli
group 21 208g, blue glaze, couchant (xlvi).
;
5
(4 of C), Steatite Silver 1, Bronze 2, Schist 2, Carnelian
'.
Material*. Blue glaze 3, Green glaze 3, Carnelian 2, 1,

" Serpentine Retglaze 1.

1,
Black and white stone," Cairo 2, Bronze 3, Red glass 2,
ColUctioni. Ciro 16 (2 of C), Turin 10, Univ. Coll.
Red and yellow glass 1, Yellow glass 1, Red glaze 1, Jasper 1,
P. 10, E. 1, St. Ptersburg 6, Alnwick 5, Athens 2, Murch 4.
Wax 1.

Ponitin. CbcHt (1) ; stomach <2>.

Collection*. Univ. Coll. P. G, Cuiro 5, Athens 4, St. Peters- J12. RAM'S HEAD.
burg 2, Turin 2, Alnwick 1.
Varieties. A, fit
prehistoric, with round neck. B, late

relief, without nee. C, on column.

200. HATIIOK COW ON SQUARE. Period. Prehis>ric to Ptolemaic.
Varieties. A regular naon, on a plain square plaque. Figures. Type A, 212a, black steatite; 212b, noble
Period. XXVI to Ptolemaic (?). serpentine ; 212c, irnelian ; 212d, noble serpentine, pale

Figure*. 209a, light blue gla/e, with dark green-blue oil-green; 2 12d 2 green serpentine, Tarkhan; 212e, e2,

inlay 2091), blue-green glaze, impressed cow, with relief of

; ivory, stained grt'i 212f, durite 212g, g 2, alabaster;
; ;

twat above; 209c, green glaze, fuded brown, disc between 212h, brown serpntiue, veined; 212j, Carnelian; 212k,
the horns; 209d, light blue glaze, disc between the horns; dark green serpttine; 2121, alabaster; 212m, black

209o, cant lead plate, disc between the horns, feeding stand serpentine, ostricl eggshell eye. Type B, 212n, silver;

in front, stnr and crescent above. The last is distinctly a 212d, bronze 212, green glaze faded brown; 212q, blue
;

cow, the previous four might be intended for a bull, but the glaze, Dendereh, Pilemaic ; 212r, hollow bronze case, with
similarity of c, <1, and r points to the same meaning. blue glass eyes, rig for hanging beneath mouth; 212s,
Materials. Bronze 11, Blue glaze 6, Given glaze G, schist scarab with im's head, name of Shabakaon reverse,

Steatite 3, Green frit 2, Lead 1. XXVth dynasty, 'rpe C, 212t (two views), green glaze,
Collections. Cairo 23, Univ. Coll. P. 5, St. Petersburg 1, serpent on one sidt winged serpent on other, on front disc

Athens 1. with uraei, *i ra Ann mery, and blundered signs.

Materials. Preh toric, Alabaster 8, Carnelian 8, Noble
210. IIATIIOU COW HEAD. serpentine 2, Ivory serpentine 1, Black serpentine 1,
^ Green

Period. XVIII (?). Black steatite 1, Bnvn serpentine 1, Durite 1. Historic,

Figure*. 21 Oa,
white opaque quartz, covered with Grey glaze 3, Greeiqlaze 2, Green felspar 1, Blue glaze 1,
" Brown
green glaze, inscribed on back Hathor lady of N Blue paste 1, Gold j Silver 1, Bronze 2, Schist 1,
.,"
broken from a figure note the two limestone 1.
plumes above the disc
;
;

210b, bronze, human face on back, short stem below Collections. UnhColl. P. 21, Turin 4, Murch 4, Athens 1.
210c, ;

bronze, cow head (back up); 210d, apple

green glaze;
210e, violet glaze, human wig at sides. 218. HARE.
Materials. Bronze 2, Quartz glazed 1, Apple green Name and Sekhat. Used probably as the
glaze 1, Violet glaze 1. Meanig.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 5. hieroglyph for un, >eing, and hence probably used for

Un-nefer, the good bing, or Osiris.

Period. XXVItoLXX.
211. RAM. Figures. 213a, lint green glaze; 213b, glaze
faded
Name. Sera.
white ; 213b
2, green ;laze ; 21 3c, light blue glaze.
Meaning. Creator, as Khnumu, Amon and Ha Materials. Green laze 22, Blue glaze 17, Yellow glaze 1,
Varieties. A, couchant. B, standing. C, four-headed Carnelian 1.

44
 AMTLETS OF ANIMAL GODS
Collections. Cairo 22, St. Petersbu? 8, Turin 5, Univ. Milky agate 1, Porphyry 1, Lazuli 1 ,
Hard white limestone 1 ,

Coll. P. 8, E. 1, Athens 1, Murch 1. Bone 8.

Position. Chest (6); Stomach (1).

214. IBEX (Capra nviana). Collections. Cairo 16, Univ. Coll. P. 14, E. 2, Turin 9,

" " St. Petersburg 7, Murch 2.

Meaning. Ba the divine, above tb gods (LANZ, Die.
Mit., 190).
Figure. 214, green glaze, onkh on tse. 220. TWO LIONS.
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 1, E. 1, lurch 1.
Name. Khens (MacG. 56) ;
two fore-parts joined.

BARBARY SHEEP Meaning. The Mahes (see 192) of north and south
215. Qvis lervia).
(LANZ., Diz. Mit., 269). See vignette of Chapter 17, Book of
Figure. 215, serpentine, green prtly gone brown, the Dead.
no horns, but a heavy long head. Varieties. A, two fore-parts joined. B, two lions
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
rampant.
Period. A, Vlth to XXVIIth dynasty. B, Prehistoric,
216. KLIPSPRINGER (Ceotragus) (?).
Coptic.
Period. XVIIIth dynasty. Figures. Type A, 220a, a 2, sard, Vlth dynasty, group 7 ;

Figure. 216, green glaze

on schis two scrolls on base. Vlth dynasty 220c, green glaze,
220b, bone, (?) ; light
The small head, long neck, and making of coarse hair XXVII 220c 2, blue glaze 220d, ivory, Old Kingdom (?)
; ;

seem to define this identification. Shct curved horns have (see Deshaslieh, xxvi, 26). Type B, 220e, iron disc incised,
lain over to the shoulder, but are brotn away. Illahun, indistinct signs between and above (see
Coptic,
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
two lions on ivory ring, prehistoric, in Naqada,
rampant
Ixiv, 78).
217. CAMEL. Materials. Green glaze 8, Blue glaze 2, Brown glaze 1,

Meaning. Hairs from tail used for[uartan fever (PLINY, Grey glaze 1, Sard 1, Cloudy agate 1, Ivory 2, Iron B, 1.
xxviii, 25). Position. Chest (1).

Period. Eoman Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 6, E. 1, Turin 8, St. Peters-

(?).

217, bronze, flat plate. burg 2, Cairo 2, Price 1.

Figure.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

218. HAWK-HEADED .PHINX. 221. LION'S HEAD.

Period. Prehistoric. Period. XXXth

dynasty.
no
Figure. 218, hard white limeston with gold bands, 221 a, light green glaze, flat back (similar
Aln-
Figure.
XXIInd
tail.
wick, 604) 221b, c (pi. xlv), green glaze, Illahun,
;

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1. (SeetfS, as Mentu.) blue glaze Eoman (see 269).
dynasty 221d, coarse
;

Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 4, Alnwick 1.

219. LION.
Name. Seno (couchant).
To guard or defend. 222. LION AND BULL, FORE-PARTS.
Meaning.
with
Varieties. A, couchant. B, walkig. C, seated. D, Period. XXVII.
crouching man. See Cairo catalogue.
Figure.
Period. Prehistoric to Ptolemaic. Green glaze 8.
Materials.
A, 219a, hard wite limestone;219b, Cairo 1.
Figures. Type Collections. Alnwick 5, St. Petersburg (695), 2,

black and white porphyry, both prehitoric 219c, amethyst, ;

VI ; 219f,
XII 219d, d 2, d 8, bone, VI, group 219e, gold,
;
fc

blueglaze, faded; 219h2, 223. TWO BULLS, FORE-PARTS.

light blue glaze; 219g, light
XXVIIth dynasty 219J, blue and black
light green glaze, Period. a very ancient combination, appearing
This is
Ptolemaic 219k, k i blue glaze, VI, group, Primitive
glaze, Dendereh, ;

on one of the predynastic slate palettes (CAPART,

11, XII, Kafr Ammar 2191 (pi. xlvi carnelian, early
;
(see
The amulets are of the XXVIth dynasty.
219m green
Art fig. 170).
15; (xlvi),
Nagada, Iviii; Deshasheh, xxvi, Fwures. 223a, pale green glaze,
Hawara 223b, green ;

of Nefertum on had; 219n, with squat-

glaze, with flower Hawara, group 32; 223c, olive green
glaze gone brown,
ting man before, head turned back blue glaze with yellow
glaze.
points, Roman (xlvi). Position. Chest (1).
Materials. Green glaze, 16 (2 o B, 2 of C), Blue glaze Univ. Coll. P. 3, St. Petersburg 1, Price 1.
Carnelian 1, Collections.
16, Grey glaze 1, Gold 1, Bronze 1, Aiethyst 1,

46
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL GODS
224. CAT. dark blue glaze, perhaps Mentu as a hawk-headed lion
Name. Mau. (see also 183 for set, and engraved stone 138 g).
Meaning. Emblem of the goddess Bastet. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.

Varietiet. A, seated. B, couchant. C, walking.

Period. XVIII to Boman. Very common on necklaces 229. JACKAL STANDING.
of XXIInd and XXIIIrd dynasty.
Name. Upuatu.
Figures. Type A, 224a,group 16 224b, c, light silver, ; "
of
"
for the soul (see 198).
Meaning. Opener ways
green glaze 224d,
; green glaze burnt brown 224d 2, blue ;

Figures. 229b, c, bronze ; 229d,

229a, light blue glaze ;
and black glaze 224d 3, olive glaze 224e, light blue glaze
; ; ;
bronze, and d 2, green glaze, with the two serpents in front
224e 2, bronze; 224f, blue and black glaze, Dendereh,
(compare the two serpents that led the way for Alexander
Ptolemaic, group 21 224g, blue glaze, with yellow points,
;
to the Oasis) ; 229e, bronze, the four Upuats (of the four
Koman. Type B, 224h, lion or cat ; 224j, cat, green glaze,
quarters) who open the way for the sun in the under-
Xlth dynasty, Kafr Ammar 224k, blue glazed schist, Ymenf ;
world (LANZ., Diz. Mit., cclvi).
on base, XVIII 224k 2, blue-glazed pottery 2241, dark
; ;
Materials. Bronze 5, Green glaze 1, Blue glaze 1.
blue paste, Amen-ra in cartouche on base, dubious. Type C,
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 5, St. Petersburg 2, Cairo 1.
224m, blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21.
Materials. Green glaze 22, Blue glaze 13, Bronze 9,

Carnelian 1, Yellow glaze 1, Black glaze

230. TWO JACKAL HEADS.
Grey glaze 3, 1,

Purple glaze 1, Black limestone 1, Silver 1, Blue paste 1. Name. Upuatu of the south and north.
Position. Feet (1). Figure. 230, hard brown limestone, pierced under the
Collections. Turin 13, Univ. Coll. P. 12, E. 4, Cairo 11, tip of the ears, flat base.
St. Petersburg 10, Edinburgh 3, Murch 3. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

225. CAT IN SHRINE. 281. JACKAL COUCHANT.

Period. XXVI. Name. Anpu, Anubis.
Figure. 225, green glaze, papyrus stem and head on Meaning, The guardian of the cemetery, and of the
each of the three sides, Memphis. Also a rough solid dead in the judgment.
imitation, green glaze (Edw.) Varieties. A, on ground. B, on shrine.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1, E. 1. Period. XXVI to Roman.
Figures. Type A, 231a, blue glaze, XIX 231b, blue glass ;

226. TWO CATS ON COLUMN. Ptolemaic ; 231c, blue and black glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,
Varieties. Three in Cairo have only one cat on the group 21. Type B, 231d, e, pewter plates with za serpent
column. above, group 18 231 f, g, h, blue and black glaze, Dendereh,
;

Period. XXIII. Ptolemaic, group 21 231 j, green glazed schist (pi. xxxviii).
;

Figures. 226a, b, green glaze, octagonal column, blun- Materials. Blue glaze 8, Black glass 3, Blue glass 1,
dered inscription on front, " Speech of Bastet lady of Pa Pewter 2,Haematite 1, Blue paste 1, Green glaze 1, Grey
"
Bastet 226c (pi. xliii), column with feet of cat, inscribed
; glaze 1, Bronze 1, Wood 3.
" Position. Chest (3) stomach (3).
Speech of Bastet ." . . ;

Materials. Green glaze 6. Collections. Turin 9, Univ. Coll. P. 8, Athens 4, St.

Collections. Cairo 4, Univ. Coll. P. 2. Petersburg 2, Murch 2.

227. CAT AND KITTENS. 232. SHREW MOUSE.

Varieties. A, seated. B, couchant. Meaning. Sacred to Horus and Uazet. Passed round
Period, XXII to XXVI. boils as a charm (PLINY, xxx, 34).
Figures. 227a, bronze, two kittens 227b, light green ; Varieties. A, standing. B, on box.
glaze, five kittens, three in front, one each side 227c, ; Figures. Type A, 232a, b, c, d, e, bronze. Type B, 232f,
green glaze, one kitten. bronze, as also two at St. Petersburg.
Materials.Green glaze 7, Green-glazed stone 2, Purple Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 5, St. Petersburg 2.
glaze 1, Carnelian 1, Bronze 1.
Collections. Cairo A, 3 (3, 6 and 9 kittens), B, 6, Univ. 233. DOG.
Coll. P. 3.
Meaning. As these dogs are all short-legged, they
228. SET ANIMAL.
probably refer to watching and guarding the person, and
Period. XIX (?). not to hunting.
Figures. 228a, light blue glaze, impressed plaque ; 228b, Period. Eoman and Coptic.
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL GODS
Figures. 233a, b, bronze ; 233c, red coral, dog seated ; back; 236q, bronze; 236q 2, green glaze; 236r, white
233d, dark blue glaze with yellow points, Roman, group 22 ; glaze with yellow feathers, fine work, XVIII (?) 236s, t, green ;

233e, mother of pearl, Coptic 233f, f 2, light blue glaze, dog

;
glaze, XXVI 236u, red jasper for inlay ; 288v, w, w 2, 8,
;

lying down. 4, 5, 6, green glaze ; 236x, bronze 238y 2, 8, 4, green ;

Materials. Green glaze 3, Blue glaze 2, Bronze 2, glaze ; 236z, glass, burnt ; 236aa, blue glaze, Dendereh,
" "
Black and white stone (Cairo) 2, Syenite 1, Red coral 1, Ptolemaic, group 21. C, 236ab, double Taurt, violet glaze
Shell 1. XVIIIth dynasty. A, 236ac, black and white serpentine
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 6, Cairo 4 (2 seated, 1 lying (pi. xlvi).

paws crossed, 1 curled up), Murch 1. Materials. Blue glaze 54, Green glaze 51, Yellow glaze 2,
Grey glaze 2, Lazuli 2, Violet glass 2, Bronze 2, Haematite 8,
234. PIG. Bone 2, Porphyry 1, Red glaze 1, White glaze 1, Violet
glaze 1, Red-grey glaze 1, Blue glass 1, Mottled glass 1,
Names. Apeh, Rera, Sdau. Schist green-glazed 1, Schist blue-glazed 2, Jasper 1, Black
Meaning. Sacrificed to Osiris annually. Pig standard steatite 1, Limestone Breccia
1, 1, Serpentine 1.
of the sixth and seventh months, Mekhir and Phamenoth
Positions. Diaphragm (2) ; stomach (1) ; feet (1).
(LANZ., Diz. Mit., vii).
Collections. Cairo 45, Univ. Coll. P. 41, E. 10, Turin 84,
Period. XXVI.
St. Petersburg 25, Murch 5.
Figures. 234a, b, light blue glaze ; 234c, c 2, light green
All sows.
glaze. 287. HIPPOPOTAMUS HEAD.
Materials. Green glaze 20, Blue glaze 11, Black glaze 2,
Period. Vlth to Xllth dynasties.
Yellow glaze 1.

Cairo 18, St. Turin Univ. Figures. 237a, green glaze on schist, button eal with
Collections. Petersburg 7, 3,
head of Hathor and serpents 237b, sard, head and fore-
Coll. P. 3, E. 2, Athens 2.
;

paws broken from a figure 237c, carnelian, group 8 ; ;

237d, e, f, carnelian, group 14 237g, deep red sard ; ;

285. HIPPOPOTAMUS.
237h, j, k, 1, amethyst 237m, carnelian 237n, black-green
; ;

Name. Apt. 237o, p, black -green serpentine; 237q, green glaze,

jasper ;

Meaning. Sacred as Taurt (see 236). Xlth dynasty, Diospolis.

Period. Prehistoric. Copper plate, XVIII (?). Materials. Green felspar 18, Amethyst 13, Oarnelian 9,
235a, noble serpentine, hippopotamus feeding,
Figures. Black serpentine 3, Sard 2, Black jasper 1, Glazed schist 1,
under the base a wavy line in relief, perhaps a serpent ;
Green glaze 1.

235b, c, brown steatite 235d, pink limestone, a frequent

;
Collections. Murch 82, Univ. Coll. P. 16.
ornament for attachment to legs of water skins; 235d 2,
small, round, dolomite, Tarkhan, 1292 235e, copper plate. ;
288. HEDGEHOG.
Materials. Brown steatite 2, Pink limestone 1, Noble
" "
White stone 1, Period. XX to XXVI (?).
serpentine 1, Copper 1, [Green glaze 1,
Figure. 238, on base a fish and a crocodile. (All have
Blue glass 1, Cairo.]
incised bases.)
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 5, Cairo 3.
Materials. Green glaze 7, Blue glaze 8, Agate 1, "White
stone" 1, Brown agate 1, Black glaze 1, Schist 1 (above),
286. TAURT. 1.
Steatite white glaze 1, Steatite green glaze
Name. Taurt.
Athens Cairo 6, Alnwick 2, Univ. Coll.
Collections. 7,
"
Meaning. The great one," the goddess of pregnancy. Murch 1.
P. 1,
Varieties. A, B, round. C, double.
flat.

Period. A, VI to XVIII. B, XVIII to Ptolemaic.

239. TURTLE (Trionyx Triunguis).
Figures. Type A, 236a, blue glaze, Vlth dynasty, Zaraby ;

236b, c, bone, Vlth dynasty, group 8. B, 236d, greenish Name. Opesh.

limestone with gold crown, XXVI, group 15. A, 236e, f, Meaning. The animal of death and darkness. The
"
Book of the Dead in Chapter 36 reads Chapter whereby :

indigo blue glaze, XVIIIth dynasty ; 236g, indigo blue

thou with parted
glaze, Tell Amarna, XVIIIth dynasty ; 236g 2, schist, blue- the Opshait kept back. Away from me,
is

Kahun I am Khnumu the lord of Shennu, who am bringing

glazed, Xllth dynasty, 236h, mottled glass, black, !
; lips
the words of the gods to Ra, and I announce the news
to
white, blue and red, XVIII; 236j violet , glass, XVIII 236j ; 2,
but
blue glazed schist ; 236k, black steatite, XIX ; 2361, green- Nebes." In late papyri it is turned into a blackbeetle ;

236n, violet glass, XVIII the name shows it to be the turtle.

glazed schist ; 236m, green glaze ; ;

236n 2 to 17, necklace of blue glaze, XVIII ; 236o, lazuli, Period. Prehistoric to Xllth dynasty (?).

239a, brown agate 239b, carnelian ; 239b 2,

group 28 (pi. xlv) ;
236o 2, o 8blue glaze, Xllth
(pi. xlv), Figures. ;

dynasty, Kahun. B, 236p, green glaze, black hair and 8, black serpentine.

47
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL GODS
Materials. Amethyst 2, Carnelian 2, Black serpentine 2, Figures and Materials. A, 243a, bronze, lance head
Porphyry 1, Brown
agate 1, Limestone 1 and coiled gold
; above the head of Mentu ; 243b, bronze, with the lance
wire (see Dese. Eg., V, 59, 267). head and a hawk over the head of Mentu, forked base to

Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 4, Murch 5. the staff; 24 3c, ebony, the Mentu head at the base of a

harpoon ; 243d, grey steatite, the lance head above the

240. CROCODILE. Mentu head, forked below B, 243e, dark blue glaze, aegis ;

of Mentu on head of staff, XXI (?) 243f, bronze, head of ;

Name. A, Hor am utu (LANZ., Diz. Mit., ccxvii). B,

Mentu with disc 243g, bronze, aegis of Mentu on staff,
;

Emsehu.
double feathers on head, uraeus at each side. (See three
Meaning. Emblem Sebek the crocodile god.
of
and winged, as large examples from Koptos at Berlin. Koptos, xxi. 4, 5, 6.)
Varieties. A, hawk-headed identified
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 7 ; Berlin 8.
with Horus. B, normal. C, capturing a boy. D, double.
E, seven together. F, with feathers, disc and horns.
Period. Xllth to Eoman. 244. HAWK-HEADED SPHINX.
Figures. Type A, 240a, bronze, the Sebek-Ka crocodile, Meaning. The king as Mentu.
with hawk head, and wings raised, on the head a crown Period. XIX.
of uraei, two horns and the papyrus crown upon a ;
244, red jasper, with cartouche of Rameses II.
Figure.
corniced stand, without inscription. Type B, 240b, sard ;
on base.
240c, haematite 240d, grey steatite, Koman 240e, dark
; ;
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1 (see 218, as sphinx).
blue glaze, XVIII; 240e, 2, 3, rough blue glaze, Xlth
dynasty, Kafr Ammar 240f, black steatite, Roman 240g,
; ;

light green glaze, Memphis ; 240h, blue glaze with yellow

245. HAWK, FALCON.
points, Roman
240j, shell, Coptic (pi. xlii). Type C, 240k,
;
This royal bird is more correctly called a falcon.
bronze, crocodile with boy in his mouth, the lower jaw on Name. Bak (MacG. 55); Sdt (MacG. 24, B. D. G.
the front of the boy, and the suspension ring under the 982) = the bandaged hawk (LACAU, 95).
throat, Memphis. Type D, 2401, two crocodiles, grey Meanings. The bird of Horus of Edfu. The king's soul.
steatite. Type B, 240m (xlvi), green glaze, and m 2, 8, 4, Hawk of Sopd or Seker.
5, Nebesheh. Type F, 240n (xlvii), bronze. Varieties. A, alone. B, with uraei. C, in shrine. D,
Materials. Green glaze 29, Blue glaze 15, Steatite 4, of east and west. E, mummified.
Yellow glaze 1, Grey glaze 1, Bronze 3, Sard 1, Haematite Period. Prehistoric to Ptolemaic.
1, Porphyry. Figures. Type A, 245a, yellow and black serpentine;
Collections. Cairo 26, Univ. Coll. P. 12, E. 6, St. Peters- 245b, c, bone; 245d, greenish limestone; 248e, bone;
burg 4, Turin 4, Murch 1. 245e 2, Tarkhan,
sard, 1626 ; 245f, noble serpentine ;
245g, ivory 245h (pi. xlii), grey steatite, all prehistoric
; ;

241. WARAN 248j, j 2, j 8, j 4, bone, Vlth dynasty, group 4 245k, bone, ;

(Varanus niloticus).
group 8, Vlth dynasty 2451, green felspar 2451 2, blue
; ;

The short puffy body and narrow tail distinguish this glaze, Hu, Xlth dynasty 245rn, n, o, amethyst 245p, q,
; ;

from the crocodile figures. carnelian, group 14 h q, Vlth to Xllth dynasty 248r, dark
:
;

Period. Prehistoric.
indigo glaze, XVIII (?) 245s, green glaze, Vlth dynasty (?)
; ;

Figure. 241, ivory, suspension hole under chest. 245s 2, sard, Riqqeh, XII; 245t, green schist; 245u (xlii),
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 245v (xlii), ;

green glaze, on shoulders of Isis 245w, black jasper ; ;

242. LIZARD. 245x, jade, fine work 245y, y 2, y 8,y 4, green glaze; 245z,
;

Period. XXVI. light blue glaze 245aa, hard green limestone

; 245ab, ;

green glaze 245ab 2, blue paste, Naukratis

; 245ac, green
242, light green glaze, suspension ring at each
;
Figure.
glass burnt 245ac 2, steatite, Nebesheh
; 245ad ad 4, ;
end, Memphis.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1. gold, XVIIIth dynasty, ad 2, larger, silver (see pi. xlv);
245ae, bronze 245af, af 2, af 3, green glaze 245ag, blue
; ;

and black glaze, head turned sideways, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,

243. MENTU STANDARD.
group 21 245ah, blue and black glaze, group 21 245aj,
:
;

Protection of the god of war. No. 243f, and 245ak (pi. xlv), red glass, for
Meaning. light blue glaze, group 21 ;

"
perhaps others, seem to be the harpoon of Horus of inlay; 245al (pi. xlv), silver on resin body, Xllth dynasty.
Edfu" (MAE., Dend., iii, 68 c). Type B, 245am, black steatite, Horus with the serpents of
Varieties. A, with the lance or harpoon point. B, with south and north, as described in the battles of Horus and
the aegis of Mentu. Set at Edfu, reverse Horus in triumph (pi. xliii) 245an, ;

Period. XlXth to XXVth dynasty. lead plate, the crowned hawk with the serpent before him,

48
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL GODS
and Isis Type C, 248ao, blue paste shrine,
behind him. 249. VULTURE FLYING.
containing bust of hawk above it a cornice of seven uraei
; ;
Period. XXVI (?).
on each side the hawk-headed Horus-Ra seated, crowned Figures. 249a, green-glazed pottery ; 2Mb, blue-glazed.
with disc and crescent on back a scarab 248ap, blue paste
; ;
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.
shrine, head of the hawk from it here put at the side of
it ;

over the door the disc and serpents, above that the disc and 250. GOAT SUCKER (Caprimulgus).
on the lotus, and
wings on the side the Horus-Ra seated,
;
Period. Prehistoric.
behind that the winged hawk on the neb on the back the ;

blue shrine with hawk Figures. 253a, ivory ; 250b, carnelian.

disc and scarab 245aq, light
; glaze,
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.
and Isis seated before it, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21, as
also next two. Type D, 24Sar, hawk crowned with disc, abt
hawk crowned with 251. BIRD HEADS.
hieroglyph of the east behind it ; 245as,
feathers, amcnt, west, behind
it, both light blue glaze. Period. Prehistoric.
245at (pi. xlvi), 281d, slate, 1781 Naqadeh
Type E, gold, Horuza, Cairo. Type A, Figures. 251a, b, c, slate ; ;

quartz crystal. 251 e, slate, 146 Naqadeh ;

231 f, slate, 1865 Naqadeh.
Materials. Green felspar 42, Amethyst 31, Green glaze 24, Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 6.

Blue glaze 20, Lazuli 26, BoneS, Gold 6, Bronze 8, Steatite 4,

Serpentine 8, Haematite 2, Carnelian 7, Green limestone 3, 252. COPTIC BIRD AMULETS.

Blue paste 3, 1 each of Silver, Lead, Quartz crystal, Black Period.Coptic.
jasper, Jade, Green schist,
Green glass, Red glass, Yellow
Figures. 232a, b, b 2, c, c 2, d, shell, perhaps intended
glaze, Violet glaze, Grey glaze. for the hoopoe.
Position. Chest (11) ;
stomach (8).
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 5.
Collections Murch 89, Univ. Coll. P. 51, E. 8, Cairo 22,
Alnwick 16, St. Petersburg 10, Turin 9, Athens 5.
253. BIRD'S FOOT.
Period.Coptic.
246. OSTRICH. Figure. 233, wood, natural branching twigs, the left one

Period. Prehistoric. broken, Illahun.

brown Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
Figure. 246, serpentine, ostrich seated.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
254. SERPENT WITH ARMS.
Name.Nehcbka, one of the 42 judges of the dead.
247. IBIS. Neheb-
Meaning. In the Xth domain of the underworld,
Name. Habu, whence Greek ibis.
kau points out the way to the dead (Book of the Dead,
wisdom. "
Meaning. The emblem of Tehuti, the god
of dead that he moves
Chapter 149), and the says eternally
Period. XVIII to Roman. like Nehebkau" (Chapter 17). As an amulet, therefore, it
Figures. 247a, gold, a 2, without feather 247b, c, d, ;
is a guide to the soul.
bronze ; 247e, blue glaze with black head and tail, inscribed
Varieties. A, serpent body. B, human body.
"
" Khemnu (give
on base Lord of Hor-aa-pa-khred
life to) ;
Period. About XXth dynasty.
247f, green glaze, Kafr Ammar, Xlth dynasty, group 25 ;
234a, dull green glaze 2S4b, deep
blue glaze ; ;
Figures.
247g, blue glaze green glaze, standing 247h, b.2, 3,
; 247g 2, ;
254b2, 3, green glaze; 254c, green glaze, group
19. B,

247j, blue glaze, dark blue tail 247k, ;

254d d2, blue and Cairo.
light blue-green glaze ;
seated, (xlvi), glaze,
21 2471, blue Univ. Coll. P. Cairo 1.
green glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 5,
;
Collections.

glaze with yellow points,

Roman.
Green glaze Blue glaze 10, Bronze 5,
Materials. 11, 255. QARMUT (Clarias anguillaris).
Gold 2, Steatite 1, Lazuli 1.
Turin Name. Nar (in name of early King Narmer).
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 12, St. Petersburg 8, 5,
Meaning. Sacred fish of Mendes, worn on head of
Alnwick 8, Murch 2.
Hamehyt, goddess of Mendes.
Silver, Xllth dynasty (?)
Figures and Materials. 255a, b,
;

248. VULTURE. 2S5c, Bone, prehistoric (?) (see 173).

Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 3.
Name. Naur.
A fish carved in bone an amulet against the evil eye
is
Meaning. Devotion to the goddess Mut.
in Italy (BELL., xii, 23), and an emblem of fecundity (BELL.,
limestone (see No. 94).
Figures. 248a, bronze; 248b,grey
Fet-., 42).
The latter may perhaps be an eagle.
49
 AMULETS OF ANIMAL GODS
256. OXYRHYNKHOS (Mormyrus). 262. SHUTTLE, OR WINDING FRAME.
Name. shown by the city Oxyrhynkhos being
Mazed; as
Meaning. Emblem of the goddess Neit, one of the four
called Pa-mazed, and Mizz or Mizdeh being the modern divinities guarding the tomb.
local name of this fish in that district. Period. XXVI.
Period. XXVI (?). Figures. 262a, agate; 262b, carnelian, probably an
Figure. 256, bronze, with horned disc and uraeus on the early form of this sign.
head. Materials. Carnelian 3, Veined quartz 2, Agate 2,
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
Onyx 1, Alabaster 1, Limestone 1.
Collections. Cairo 7, Univ. Coll. P. 2, St. Petersburg 2,

257. BULTI Price 1, Alnwick 1.

(Tilapia nilotica).

Period. XII to Roman.

263. WOMAN WITH OFFERINGS.
Figures. 257a, bronze; 257a 2, green glaze,XIIth dynasty,
Kahun ; 257b, glazed schist, inscribed below in cartouche
Period. XXVI.
.
men-neb; 257c, grey steatite, Koptos; 257d, violet glaze,
. . Figure. 263, light green glaze, woman wearing long flap
XVIII 237e e 6, carnelian, XVIII 257f, gold with green-
; ;
garment down the back, fringed at the sides, the right hand
the horns of a gazelle, the left carrying a long jar
grey wax inlay, from Nubia (pi. xlvi). holding
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 11. a
by top handle.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

258. ELECTRIC FISH (Malopterurus electricus).

264. FIGURE IN TALL HEAD-DRESS.
Period. XVIII. Period. Prehistoric (?).
Figure. 268a a 7, (pi. xlv) green (6) and violet (1) Figure. 264, ivory, tall pointed head-dress, ears project-
glaze. arms raised over chest.
ing as in figures of 1st dynasty,
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 7.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.

259. LEPIDOTOS (Barbus bynni). 265. FIGURE IN LONG ROBE.

Najne. Penpennu (?), modern Binny. Period. Prehistoric ('?), XXII (?).

Meaning. Sacred fish at Thebes. Figures. 265a, alabaster, with large collar, and round

Figures. See Cairo Catalogue. robe to feet ; 265b (pi. xlv), ebony.
Materials. Green glazed stone 5, Blue glazed 4. Green Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.

glass 1, Amethyst 1 (all Cairo), Sard 1 (Athens).

Collections. Cairo 11, Athens 1. 266. FIGURE IN POINTED CAP.
Period. Vlth dynasty.
260. SCORPION. Figures. 286a, b, sard, group 14.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.
Name. Sclk.

Meaning. Emblem of the goddess Selket, one of the four

divinities guarding the tomb.
267. FLOWER.
Period. Prehistoric to XXVI. Period. XXVI to XXX.
260a, noble serpentine; 260b, sard, tail broken
Figures. Figures. 267a, blue glaze, Memphis ; 267b, glaze faded
off; 260b 2, sard, Tarkhan 260c, bronze, with head of ; white, Memphis, a button ; 267c, green glaze, lotus, XXth
goddess crowned with disc and horns, rising from the dynasty (?) (pi. xlv).

scorpion. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 3.

Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 4, Edinburgh 1, blue glaze.

268. PALM COLUMN.
261. GREEN BEETLE. Period. Ptolemaic.

Figure. 268, blue glass burnt.

Period. Prehistoric to XII.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1.
Figures. 261 a, noble serpentine (see Naqada, Iviii) ;
261a quartz crystal, Tarkhan
2, 261b b 5, green glaze, ;

Kahun, Xllth dynasty.

269. BUNCH OF GRAPES.
Materials. Green glaze 6, Serpentine 1, Carnelian 1, Period. Roman.
blackened limestone 1. Figure. 269, blue glaze, frothy and bad.
Collections. Univ. Coll. P. 6, Murch 3. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1, with 221d, similar work.

50
 MISCELLANEOUS AMULETS
270. FLOWERING REED (Calamus). left; 273f, black basalt, right: 273f 2, brown limestone;
Period. Ptolemaic. 273g, black basalt 273g 2, brown basalt (?) ; 273h, light
;

Figure. 270, blue and black glaze, Dendereh, group 21. blue glaze, right, Dendereh,
Ptolemaic, group 21.
Position. Chest. Materials (omitting those in Cairo as Black
uncertain).
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 1. basalt 8, Obsidian 6, Black
glass 8, Brown steatite 2, Blue
glaze 2, Haematite 1, Purple glass 2,Brown glass 1, Black
271. SEED VESSEL. glass 1, Slate 1, Brown limestone 2, Blackened limestone 1,
Period. XVIII to XIX. Brown basalt 1.

Position.
Figure. 271, blue glaze. Common on necklaces in Usually left side of pelvis, sometimes base of
carnelian and in glaze. stomach, or middle of stomach, never higher.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. many. Collections. Cairo 80 R, 2 L, British Museum 10 R,
2 L, Univ. Coll. P. 8, E. 3
(6 R, 2 L), St. Petersburg 4,
272. UNKNOWN OBJECT. Murch 8, Price 2, Alnwick 2, Turin 1.
Period. VI.
274. UNCERTAIN PENDANTS.
Figure. 272 a, b, sard.
Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.
Peiiod. Roman.
Figures. 274a, black steatite; 274b, brown haematite.
273. TWO FINGERS. Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.
Name. Zebo ne dens rud (MacG. 58).
" 275. STAR.
Meaning. Finger of heavy stone, at the girdle."
Varieties. Two fingers of right or left hand. Period. Xllth dynasty, Ptolemaic.
Period. XXVI. Figures. 27Sa, blue glaze, Xllth dynasty, Kahun ; 275b,
Figures. 273a, brown limestone, gilt 273b, opaque ;
light blue glaze, Dendereh, group 21.
obsidian ; 273c, opaque obsidian, right hand 273d, dark Position. Throat Stomach
;
(1) ; (1).
purple glass, left ; 273d 2, black glass ; 273e, black glass, Collection. Univ. Coll. P. 2.

CHAPTER X
THE POSITIONS OF AMULETS
IN the preceding catalogue the positions of amulets have lower lines of amulets conic lower than their exact places
been stated and as very few plans of sets of amulets have
; on the mummies one of the closest is No. 6, on which
:

yet been published, it seems well to set out now the plans all the rows from T
to the scarabs and eyes in U, were all
which have long had recorded. These plans were gathered
I within 12 inches of height, or from the clavicle to the
at Hawara, 8 of the XXVIth dynasty at Abydos, 2 of the ; umbilicus. The materials are listed below No. 1, and the
XXXth dynasty at Nebesheh, 4 about the same age and
; ;
initial letters of the material are placed by the amulets
at Dendereh, 10 of the Ptolemaic age. The last of these where the material is recorded. All of the Dendereh

groups was recorded by Mr. N. de G. Davies, the Abydos amulets, 15 21, are of blue glaze with black

groups by my wife, and the other three groups by myself. painting.

The twenty-four plans of amulet groups are drawn in As on such a scale the distinctions of the minute
position on pis. 1 to liii. Each plan has the site at statuettes of gods would not be clear, the names of the
the top left, and the reference number at the top right gods are stated instead of a figure. Some of the figures
hand. Down the side of each plan are letters, T, C, P, etc., such as the scarabs are only conventional, in order to

indicating the position of the lines of amulets upon the make them as clear as might be. There are obviously
mummies, the meaning of these letters being stated at the certain changing fashions in the kinds and positions of

beginning of This same plate serves to find all

pi. liv. amulets. In the XXVIth dynasty we see a row of zad
the instances of any amulet, having first the number of signs across the stomach, above or below them a triad of

the amulet in the catalogue, then the name of the amulet, Isis, Nebhat, and Horus. were added theRather later

the numbers of the plans in which it occurs, and the letters counterpoise at the nape of the neck, and the serpent head
of the rows in the plans. These last letters serve also to at the throat. The mummy on the bier, the mourners,
show at once, without reference to the plans, at what parts and the lion, are Ptolemaic. Many other distinctions
of the mummies any amulet is found. The actual draw- between these different ages may be noticed in the
ings here are rather spread out for clearness, so that the arrangements.

51 H 2
 THE POSITIONS OF AMULETS
One of the few records of the positions of amulets is left flank, a plate of copper. Between the
papyrus, legs, a
from one of the priests of Amen (Ann. Sen-., VIII, 35). As the usual position in this age. Under the
hand, a wax left

this bore dates on the linen of Pisebkhanu son of Pinezem figure of Hapi. On left ulna, a long bead of blue paste (the
1006 952 B.C., and the 8th year of Siamen 1014 B.C., it is name badge 77), a scarab and an uzat. On a string at the
probably a few years before 1000 B.C. All the groups here side, probably intended to lay across the chest, a uraeus,

given are much later, so this set is important. On the uzat, scarab, heart, zad, and two papyrus sceptres. The
neck was a string of amulets, an uzat, uraeus, and vulture, mummies of the XVIIIth to XXth dynasties have very
of gold, scarab and engraved uzat of lazuli. On clavicle, a few amulets. In the Old Kingdom amulets are com-
hawk Pectoral, greenstone scarab.
of gilt bronze. Um- moner, usually on necklaces and wrists (see Dcshaaheh,
bilical, big blue scarab between hands. Over incision in xxvi).

PROPERTIES OF STONES.

Besides the meanings attached to various forms of amulets, Heliotropium, blood jasper. For invisibility, P. xxxvii,
the material is also looked on as having important influence. 60 to stop bleeding, B. v, Am. 18, Fet. 88, 89.
;

Often the form is disregarded, so long as the special material Black jasper, baetiili and kerauniae. Potent in taking
can be obtained a mere lump of the required stone, or a
; cities and fleets, P. xxxvii, 51 against lightning and ;

plain bead or pendant of it, is sufficient. These properties evil, B. i iii.

attributed to the materials are only recorded in general for Staurolite. Against witchery, B. v. 27.

Italy, by Pliny anciently, and by Bellucci in modern times. Lyncurion, jacinth or yellow quartz. Against jaundice,
These authors are referred to by P. or B. P. xxxvii, 13.
Adamas, diamond. For poison or delirium, P. xxxvii, Smaragdus, emerald. As amethyst, P. xxxvii, 40 ;
for
15. parturition, Jackson.
Lead. For suppuration in swine, B. viii, 16, 24. Jadeite, nephrite. For kidney disease, B. iv.

Pyrites, crystal. To preserve the eyes, B. viii, 23. Amianthus. Against spells, P. xxxvi, 81.
Haematite, blood red. Reveals treachery ; for success in Garnet. For widows, comfort in misfortune, B. v. 10.

petitions, P. xxxvii, 60
stops bleeding, B.
; viii, 17. Serpentine. Against headache and serpent bites, P.
Sidcrites, black haematite, or meteorite. Causes discord xxxvi, 11 ; xxxvii, 54 disc, against reptile bites, B. iv,
;

in law suits, P. xxxvii, 67; for witchery and evil eye, B. Am. 17 cylinder, phallic, against evil eye, B. iv.
;

viii, 17. Soapstone, white, mixed in water. For increase of milk,

Apsyctos (haematite ?). Against cold, P. xxxvii, 54. P. xxxvii, 59.
"
Limonite (hydrous iron oxide) concretion. For pregnancy, Malachite, peacock stone." Preserves infants, P. xxxvii,
P. viii, Am. 19, Fet. 945. 36 ;
for evil eye, B. x.

Sapf>hire. For headache :

promotes contentment, B. Alabaster. For increase of milk, B. vi.
v. 26. Limestone disc. To get dirt from eye, B. viii, 18 ; with
Paeanitis, like ice, quartz crystal. For parturition, P. dendrite, against venom, B. viii, 19.

xxxvii, 66 evil eye, B. x, Am. 64.

; Selenite. For increase of milk, B. vi; against evil eye,

Amethyst.For intoxication, P. xxxvii, 15 against spells, ; B. x.

hail and locusts, and for access to kings, P. xxxvii, 40. Amber. For throat affections, P. xxxvii, 11 ; on neck
"
Chalcedony, white, milk stone." For increase of milk, for fevers, P. xxxvii, 12 against witchery, B. v.
;

"
B. vi. Coral, white, milk stone." For increase of milk, B. ix.
"
Chalcedony, red, blood stone." For bleeding, especially Coral, red. Evil eye and menstruation, B. ix, Am. 28,
of nose, B, vi. Fet. 46.
Opal. To strengthen the sight. Jackson, "Minerals Ammonite. Gives prophetic dreams, sacred in Ethiopia,
and their uses." P. xxxvii, 60.
"
Agate, concentric, eye stone." Evil eye, B. vi, Fet. 52. Madrepore. Evil eye and witchery, B. vii, Am. 33 ;

Agate, Egyptian. Against scorpions, P. xxxvii, 54. worms in children.

Jaspis, jasper. For public speaking, P. xxxvii, 37. Holed stone. Against witchery, B. viii.

52
 LIST OF GROUPS OF AMULETS
VARIOUS strings of beads and amulets have been bought GROUP 15. From a few miles north of Abydos. 148 ;

which obviously belong together, by their uniformity of 149f; 170a; 236d.

style and material and although the localities from which
;
GROUP 16. XXVIth dynasty (?). 33e;148f, g; 148h ;

they come are not known, it is desirable to keep the record 149g; 164c; 170b ; 194e; 224a.
of their grouping. Such are noted by the number of the GROUP 17. Memphis, XXVI, necklace. 148j ; 175e.

group when described in the Catalogue, and the list of GROUP 18. Sheet pewter, figures stamped. 98c; 149h;
references to each group is given here. Groups 1 to 13 180g; 182b; 202e, e2; 231d, e.

belong probably to about the Vlth dynasty. GROUP 20. Wax impressed, Dendereh, Ptolemaic. 8a ;

GROUP 1. Types 2a; 12a 12b, 2, 8; 12c 13; 24; 30e;68d;71c; 881; 150a, b, b2; 153a; 156a, a 2; 137d ;

15e4; 22f2; Hid; 138b. 208e.

GROUP 2. 2b; !Sa2; 15e5, G; lllf, g, h ; 113d;138c; GROUP 21. From various Ptolemaic tombs, Dendereh.
138h2.
7p;8b; 28d 30a;34e;36g; 37f;40b; 58t,u; 59d; 71a,b;
;

GROUPS. 2c; 12a, b, b4, c5; 22b;47a; lllj; 113c, 79c 84b 87c
.
93^ f 150 C h ISSb; 156b; 157f 180j
. . .
; ; ;

c2; 138j, J2, 3, k, k2; 237c. 182q, r; 197j ; 2061; 208f; 211k; 219j ; 224f, m ; 231c, f,

GROUP 4. 170d 205a 245j 14. ; ;

gj h 236aa
; ; 245u, ag, ah, aj, aq, ar, as ;
247k ;
270 ;
273h ;

GROUP 5. 2d, e; 27a, b; 94a 113b; 138h 170c, c2; ; ; 275b.

219d, d2,3. GROUP 22. 13b ; 145w, x ; 1491; 233d.
GROUP 6.
12a4; 29b; 94b; 206a. GROUP 23. 16b,b2;161j.
If 2; 12a5; 15c3; 22c2,e2; 29a
GROUP?. 94a 2 ; ;
GBOW 24> Tfl u
Amarna, Roman. 74a,b;133j.
138d; 138g2 J4; 220a.
GROUP 25. Kafr Ammar, Xlth dynasty. 247f.
GROUP 8. 12a 6 22a 94c 138a 145a 206b 236b, c
; ; ; ; ; ; ;

GROUP 26. Dendereh, Ptolemaic. 7n 40c, d 88p

2Mk ; ; ;

92 J 156c>
GROUP 9. 2b2; 206c. ;

GROUP 10. 22d2; 27b2. GROUP 27. Memphis, jewellery. 16c, d; 88d, e, f;

GROUP 11. Ha 219k, k 2.

;
1Mk -

GROUP 12. 2f; 206d.

GROUP 28. 49d;88d,e.
GROUP 13. 12c; 22c ; 77d 123a; 138f 185a
; ;
d. GROUP 30. Vlth dynasty. 22g 2 ; 113c; 138e; 185e,

GROUP 14. Vlth to Xllth dynasty. ISf lllc ; ; 129a, f, f2.

b, b2 ; 138g ; 18Sg, h ; 237cl, e, f 245h q 266a, ; ;

b. GROUP 31. Illahun, XXVth dynasty. 34d 2 ;
90aa.

NOTE. On pi. xl an unnumbered which entered the collection after cataloguing, has not been described.
figure,
It is a bronze figure of a hawk with ram's head and human arms. See LANZ., Diz. Mit., cliii p. 558.

53
 INDEX
A. Baboon, 43
Bulla, 28
17
Bak, 48 Bulti, 60
AAXHET,
Bakhakhukh, 30 Bunch of grapes, 50
Ab, 10
Barbary sheep, 45
Ablariathanalba, 31
Bark of the Moon, 17
Ab-nekh, 12
Bastet, 46
Abraaax, 30, 31 C.
Bat, 17
Abraxas, 31
Bate, 2 Caesarea, coins of, 32
Adamas, 52
Bat's head worn to Cairo, collection at, 6
Aegis of Bastet, 42 prevent sleep, 2
Bear, wearing of part of, to give strength, 2 Camel, 45
Agate, 52
Bearing of King's soul, 16 Cardium Edule shell, 27
Alabaster, 52
1
Beauty, emblem of, 14 Carthaginian source of amulets, 1
Algerians,
Altar with cakes, 20 Beetle, green, 50 Cartouche, 21
Being, conferred by vulture, 25 Cassia Nodnlosa shell, 27
Amber, 52
Bell, 28 Casual connection, 2
Amber used for eyes, 3
Bellucci, Prof., 1, 8 Cat, 46
Amen, 37
Benefit of dead, 1 ,, and kittens, 46
Ament, 25
Benefits of life, 22 Cats on column, 46
Ames, 18
Bennu, 30 Central Africa, use of amulets in, 2
Amethyst, 52
Benr, 20 Chalcedony, 52
Amianthus, 52
Berberete, 30 Charm case, 29
Ammonite, 52
Bes, 30, 40, 41 Charms, 1, 2
Amphisbaena, 26
Binny, 50 ,, Greek, stone, 30
Amset, 39
Bird amulets, Coptic, 49 Chief, amulet of, 9
Amulet, origin of name, 1
,, heads, 49 Children and amulets, 1
Ancient writers on amulets, 1
Bird's foot, 49 CM-rlio cross, 32
Anhur, 37, 41 Circle of cord, 22
Blood of Isis, protection by, 23
Animal gods, amulets, 43
Body, preservation of, 22 Clanculus Pharaonis shell, 28
,, headed gods, amulets, 39
Boils, 26 Classes of amulols, 6
Anpu, 2, 42, 46
Bone, 26 Claw, 13
Anubis, 30
Boni, Comm. 1 Cleopatra Bulimoides shell, 27
4o, 20
Book of the Dead : Clothing, 21
Aoh, 17, 23
Chapter 22.. 17 Cobra on case, 20
Aorot, 18
23. .16 Collar, 20
Ape, seated, 43
25. .21 Combs, 21
,, standing, 43 Concretions in stone for pregnancy, 2
26-29B..10
Apeh, 47
30.. 10, 24 Conferring greatness, 14
Aphreni, 30
33.. 25 Confidence, 2
Aphrodite, 30 Confusion with medicines, 2
36.. 47
Apis, 43 Construction of charms, 2
59.. 12
Apsyctos, 52 Conns shell, 27
94.. 21
Apt, 47
140.. 32 Coral, 27, 52
Arab use of amulets, 1
149.. 49 Counterpoise of collar, 15
Ari, 9
155.. 15 Cow, legs tied, 20
Ann, 11
156.. 23 Crescent, 23
Anns, two, 11
158.. 20 Crocodile, 48
Ascending to sky, 17 Cross, 32
160.. 13
Atherne Mino, 30
162.. 20, 30 Crowned sun, 17
Athlathanalba, 30 Cynaelurus guttatus, 40
163. 33
Auk skin used, 3 ,,

166.. 15 Cypraea shell, 27

Auo, 20
167.. 32
Bound captive, 19 D.
B.
Breast, 10
Ba, 14 Brinteti en, 31 Damaraland, wearing of amulets in, 2
Ba the divine, 45 British Museum, collection at, 6 Dangers, to steer through, 2, 27

55
 INDEX
Date, 20 Frog transfixed to ensure faithfulness, 3 Human-headed bird, 14
Dead, amulets for, 15 Future existence, 1 Hunting, skill in, 3
Defence, 21 Hypocephalus, 30
Definitions and limitations of subject, 5
G.
Demzedet, 25
Denlalium shell worn for teething, 2 Galactitis, use of, 2 lad, 30
Deehert, 18 Garnet, 52 laO-la-ila-ma, 31
Dei, 11 Gazelle, 20 Ibis, 49
Diffusion of amulets, 1 Girdle of Isis, 23
Ibex, 45
Digestion, amulet for, 30 Goat sucker, 49 Icelandic sagas, 1
Direction of thought to disease, 2 Oobbo, 38
Ikhankhala, 30
Disc mace, 18 Going among men, 25 Illumination, 36
of sun, 17 Goose, 20 Intent to live, 2
Dish of flour on mat, 20 Green beetle, 50
Isis, 30, 35
Divinity, conferred by vulture, 25 Groups of goddesses, 35
Pharia, 35
Dog, 46 Growth of amulet system in burials, 5
Islam, 31
Dog's teeth to protect wearer from mad Guidance of the flock, 18
Italy, 1
dog, 2 ,, to the soul, 42
use of amulets, 4
Door bolt, 28 Guillemot's foot for proficiency in whaling, 3
Double crown on Neb, 18 Ivory ball worn for lactation, 2
,, tablet for fever, 2
of objects, 2
,,
H.
Dragon's head put under door sill, 3
Dress of living, 20 Habu, 49 J.

Drink offering, 20 Haematite, 52

Hand 1 1
Jackal head, 13, 46
Duat-mut-ef, 39 open,
,, headed archer, 42
Duckling, 14, 20 Hairdressing, 21
Hap, 34 ,, standing, 46
Durability, emblem of, 13, 19
Jadeite, 52
Dwarf, 38 Hapy, 39
Haqt, 18 Jaspis, 52
Joint of meat, 20
E. Har, 34
Joy, emblem of, 15
Ear, 10 Hare, 44
Electric fish, 50 Harpekroti, 30, 34
Elevation, emblem of, 17 Hathor, 37, 38, 40
K
the cow 44
Ka, 11
fioulMieouMi, 30 ,, of,
Kebhieituf, 39
Equilibrium, 16 Hat-mehyt, 38
Keses, 16
Erpet alt, 44 Hawk falcon, 48
Khal, 30
Eskimos, 2 ,, head, 3
headed sphinx, 45, 48 KJtat, 21
Eul-airian, 30 ,,

He Kliaris, 30 KJiens, 45
Eupepti, 30
Evil eye, amulets to avert, 29 Head bearded, 9 Ehep, 11
2, 4, 26, 27, 28,
bones of animals for headache, Kheper, 23, 24
Eye, 9, 32, 33 ,, 2
of Horus, 35 Kheret, 25
,,

restoration of, 15
Kher-o, 21
P. ,,
Khet, 17
Face, 9 Head-rest, 15
Faith -healer, 2 10 Khet-ba-mute/, 43
Hearing, power of,
Faith theory of cures due to amulets, 2 Khnumu, 30, 40
Hedgehog, 47
Khonsu, 37
Fear, weakening due to, 2 Heart, 10
Feathers and scourge, 18 Kittiwake head amulet, 3
,, of Isis given to deceased, 23, 24
Klipspringer, 45
Fighting power, emblem of, 18 of Osiris, 36
Knotted cord, 29
Figure in long robe, 50 ,, pricked with pins, 3
,, in pointed cap, 50 worn as amulet, 2 Knowledge and power emblem, 18

,, in tall head -dress, 50 Hell, 18

,, with necklaces, 19 Heimskringla account, 3
Finding of way, 13 Heliotropium, 52
Fish amulet worn for fecundity, 2 Helix Desertorum, 27 Lactation, milk white stone for, 2
Fist clenched, 11 Hent, 28 ,, power of, 10
thumb between first and second Heqt, 12 Lead, 52
fingers, 11 Her, 9 ,, amulet for swine, 3
Flour offering, 20 Her-ne-pot, 38 Leg, 11
Flower, 50 Hez, 18, 36 Leopard claw amulet, 2
Flowering seed, 51 Hezt, 17 head, 13
Fly, 12 Hippopotamus, 47 Lepidotus, 50
Food offering, 19, 20 Holed stone, 52 Life amulet, 14
Forked lance, 16 Hor-am-utu, 48 Limestone, 52
Foxhead worn to ensure cunning, 3 Horn, 26 Limonite, 52
Frog, 12 Hornet, 17 Lion, 45
against chill of fever, 3 Horus, 30, 34, 35, 39 Little auk skin amulet, 3
,, and toad, 12 Hotep, 20 Living, power of, 10, 25
,, meaning of, 12 Human soul, 14 Lizard, 26, 48

56
 INDEX
Lizard with forked tail, 2 0.
Locust, 14
52 Ob, 26 Co. 17
Lyncurion stone, 2,
Objects to distract thought, 2 Qarmut, 49
M. Ofef, 12 Qeb, 11
Oliva shell, 2H
Quartan fever, protection against, 24, 26
Maa-Jies, 41
Onkh, 14
MacQregor papyrus, 6
Opal, 52
Madrepore, 52 Opener of the ways, 42
Magic effect of objects, 1
Operculum for the eyes, 2
Mahes, 41
Opeah, 47 Ra, 39
Malachite, 62
Oqat, 13 ,, as protector, 22
Malaria, 26 Oracular bust, 36 ,, as ruler, 22
Malignant spirits, 2 Osiris, Isis and Horus, 36 four sons 39
Man kneeling with palms, 18
,, of,
Ostrich, 49 Ram, 44
Man's girdle tie, 14
plumes, 16 Ram's head, 44
Mandaite, 32 Ox head, 19 Ran, 21
Maot, 38
Oxyrhynkhos, 50 Rasmussen's account of amulets, 3
Marcus, 30
Raven's foot for contentment, 3
Masculs, 1, 3
Record, confusion with medicine in, 1
Mau, 46 P. Rectitude, 16
Mazed, 50
Red coral amulet for menstruation, 2
Meaning of amulets, 1
Paeanitis, 52 ,, Crown, 18
Medusa head, 28 Pair of feathers, 17 Sea pearl, 27
Mekhtu, 30 Palm column, 50 stone worn against bleeding, 2
,,
Meleayrina maryaritifera shell, 27
Papyrus on a plaque, 13 Rel.en, 20
Men, 18 ,, sceptre, 12 Rtmtn, 11
Menat, 15 Pear mace, 18 Repoti-hat, 28
Mendes, goddess of, 38, 49
Pebbles to ensure fleetness of puppies, 3 Sera, 47
Menqaryt, 25 Pectoral, 24 Rising sun, 17
Mentu, 48 Pectunculus i-iolace)cen shell, 27 Ro, 17
Menz, 10 Romun
Peh, 13 use of name amulet, 1
Merneptah, 30 Pendant for forehead, 29 Royal clothing, 21
Mes-zer, 10
Penpennu, 50 ,, crook, 18
Mikhael, 30 head
Peseshkef, 28 dresa, 21
Min, 37
Phagrus eel on case, 26 ,, power of Lower Egypt, 17, 18
Mitra macuhsa shell, 27
Phallus, 11 of Upper Egypt, 17, 18
Monkhet, 21
Ph-nes-khgrphi, 30 ,, scourge, 18
Moon god, protection of, 23
Rule
Phoenician transmission of amulet name, 1 in Haliopolis, 18
Mormormi, 30
P/iokhos, 30
Moza, 11
PJiylax, 30
Mummy, 23
Pig, 47 S.
,, on bier, 23
Pisebkhanu, 52
,, to open mouth of, 28
3 Sa, 20
Pliny, 1, 2,
Murex ternispina shell, 27
Plumes, disc and two horns, 16 Saau, 47
Mut, 37, 49 Saba, 31
Plummet, 16
Polinices mamilla shell, 27 Sabaoth, 30
N.
Power of the senses, 9 Salkhet, 25
Name badge, 21 over property, 22 Sagas, 1
,, of amulet, 1 ,, to behold Ea, 17 Sah, 23
Names, to preserve the, 21 Powers, amulets of, 14 Sailors, protection of, 35

Nar, 49 Prase, 10 Saints, 38

Nature and magic slowly separated, 1 Pregnancy, 26, 47 Salvation, 32
Naur, 49 Primitive mode of thought regarding Sapphire, 52
Nazhi, 13 amulets unchanged, 4 Sat, 48
Nebhat, 35 Primou, 30 Scarabs, 23, 24
Nefer, 14 Prince seated, 28 Scorpion, 50
Nefertum, 38 Princess, 28 Seal, 22

Nehebka, 49 Principle of arrangement of catalogue,

6 ring, 22
Neit, 37, 50 of stones, 52 Seated prince, 28
Properties
22 Sebek, 42, 48
Nekhekh, 18 Property, amulets of, 19,

Nems, 21 Protection, 25, 28, 35, 42 Security, 28

Nephrite stone for disease of kidneys, 2 from wild beasts, 13 Seden, 21
Nephthyi, 30 Provision for writing, 21 Seed vessel, 51
17
Nerita crattilabrum shell, 27 Pskhr, 30 Seeing the sun, power of,

Nert, 25 Sekhat, 44
Ptah, 38
SekJiemti, 18
Nert-hent-pet-er-remtu, 25 Seker, 38
Nes, 10 Sekhmet, 41
Purpose of amulets, 1
Norse Sagas, Self-reliance, to give, 2
1
Pyrites, 52

A. 57
 INDEX
Selenite, 62 St. Petersburg, collection 6 Uraeus serpent, 18
at,
Selk, 50 Strength, amulet for, 2, 3 Ur, 15
Selket, 38 Sumbel, 30 Urlheka, 25
Semitic origin of name amulet, 1 Sun and uraei, 22 Use of amulets, 1
Seno, 45
wings, 22 Usekh, 20
Seqeq, 16 Superstitions, 1 Ushabti, 22
Sera, 44 Sympathetic magic, 2 Uzat eye, 9, 32
Serapis, 30
Serapeum, 30
Svrekh, 21
T.
Serpent, 25
,, head, 25 Varieties of amulets used in
Egypt, 5
Tabu, to defy, 2
,, headed god, 43 Valour, emblem of, 13
Tahuti of Panebes, 41
,, with anas, 49 Vase, 20
Tat beberte, 30
Serpent's skin, 2 Veddahs, 1
Tasmanians, 1
Serpentine, 52 Vicarious double, 2
Sesh-shet, 15
Taurt, 26, 47
,, theory, supposition of, 2
Seat, 28 Tefnut, 41
Vigorous action, 11
40 Tehuti, 42, 49
Set, 30, Voyaging in sky, 17
Tell el Yehudiyeh, 30
,, animal, 46 Vulture, 49
Tep,9
Shap, 19 flying, 49
Terebra consobrina shell, 28
She, 22 ,, standing, 25
Tertian fever, 26
Shepherd's stick, 18 ,, with wings spread, 25
1 Themes, 21 Vulture and uraeus, 18
Shilluks,
Shrew Themt, 25
moxise, 26, 42, 46
Thet, 20, 23
Shu, 37, 42
Shuti, 16
Thoth, 31
W.
Shuttle, 50 Thunderstones, use of in Italy, 3
Siderites, 52 Toad, 12 Wagtail, 14
Similars, amulets of. 9 Tongue, 10 Walking, power of, 1 1
of hyena, to prevent
doctrine of, 3 ,,
dogs barking, 3 Waran, 48
Si-nehem, 14 Tooth, 13 Wealth, emblem of, 19
Siren for security, 2 ,, worn for toothache, 2, 13 of written charms, 2
Wearing
Truth, impersonation, 38
Sistrum, 15 Whaling, luck in, 3
Skin of mouth of bear, worn in child's Turbo, operculum, 27 White crown, 17
cap, 3
Slave figure, 22 Turin, collection at, 6 of, 11
Will, power
Sma, 11, 16 Turtle, 47 Woman with offerings, 50
Smaragdus, 52
Two fingers, 51 Work, to, for deceased, 22
Smauti, 18 ,, hands side by side, 11 Woven charm, 29
Snake bite, to avoid, 25 ,, plumes, disc and horns, 16 Writing tablet, 21
Soapstone, 52
Speaking and feeding, 16
Y.
Spearhead, 21 U.
Sphinx, male, 40
female, 40 Youth, emblem of, 12
,,
Vas, 18
conferred by vulture, 25
Square, 16 Uaz, 12
,,

Stability, emblem of, 1 5 13

Stages of human mind, 1
Ulcers, 26
Stairs, 17 Z.
Union, 11, 16
Star, 51
University College, collection at, 1, 5 Za, 14
Staurolite, 52 Unknown deities, 37 Zad, 15
Stauros, 32
Uort, 11 Zebot, 22
Stone implement, 28
Upuatu, 42, 46 Zebo ne dens rud, 51
inscribed, Greek and non-Greek, 30 Ur, 14 Zet,25

BBADBCKY, AGHEW, & CO. LD., PRINTERS, LONDON AND TONBRIDQE.

58
 I'/.ATK I

**Mfc-~
*?.

1(2

* 7fl

ib

Tc

15,

14

13 A
13 a
16

ittn
SIMILARS: I 'ARTS. OK HUMAN liODV.
16 <
 PLATE n

21 b 21 (:

22

9 k

ttff?
24

23

25

SIMILARS: ANIMAL AND VKGKTABLK

 //..; 7 'A in

34

Ttt

POWERS: SVMHOLIC: IIIKROGI^VI'IIS.

 1'I.ATE V

69

70

PROPERTY : FUNEREAL OFFERINGS.

 PLATE VI

78

84 a
83 a 84 b

m
POSSESSIONS.
ROPERTY :

j PROTECTION CELESTIAL.
 1'I.ATE VII

St i

PUOTF.CTION : MUMMY. GIRDLK. FLAT SCARAR

 1'l.ATE VI 11

90

PROTECTION': IXSCKIBKI) SCARAB, BACKS.

 PLATE IX

I'ROTl-XTIOX : INSCRIBKI) SCARAB, FRONTS.

 PLATE X

91

PROTECTION : PECTORALS.
 rt.ATl: XI

93 b

93 e

i
:_. ^

PROTECTION: SCARAB WITH LEGS AND WINGS.

 PLATK -V//

PROPERTY: VULTURE, SERPENT.

 ri.ATK XI11

98 e.

99

100. a

101 C
1 00.

1 00. C.

1'KOTKCTIOX : CASES FOR RKl'TILKS.

 PLATE XIV

108 a 108*

109 a
t ^ \ , >^ -
,+*

111

A 4 *
o

i
113 iff

~
<
.-
112

111 b

313
* .

PROTECTION: HORN AND SHELLS.

 I' I. ATE XV

115 *f

PROTECTION: SHELLS, IMPLEMENTS, FIGURES, BULLAE.

 /'/.. //'A AT/

130

PROTECTION : FOREHEAD PENDANTS.

 PLATE XVII
131

'Xm&m^'f
i^aw * r
1
2>-
\*r ^
"**H &*rf*c22r*# ;

PKOTKCTIOX : KNOTTED CORDS.

 /'/../ X I:

131

PROTECTION: KNOTTED CORDS.

 PLATE XIX

PROTECTION: CORDS, WEAVING, CHARM CASKS.

 11.111: .\\

134

PROTECTION : IIVI'OCKI'IIALI.
 /'/..-/ TE XXJ

135

136

1'KOTECTIOX : IXSCKIHEI) STOXES, GREEK.

 I'l.ATF. \XII
136

\35aa

PROTECTION: INSCRIBED STONES, NON-GREEK.

 ri.ATE XXI II
136

I'ROTKCTIOX :
INSCRIBED, SEMITIC, CROSS.
 //.;// xx ir

HUMAN GODS: EVK OK IIOKUS.

 xx y

HUMAN GODS': KVK OK IIORL'S.

 I'l.ATK \.\ri

HUMAN GODS: HORUS, ISIS.

 '/../ 7 y:".v.vr//

HUMAN GODS: IIORUS, ISIS, OSIHIS. XKHIIAT.

>
 //.ivy-: x.\ rm

HUMAN CODS: OSIRIS, IIKART OK OSIRIS.

 PLATE XX/X

159

HUMAN GODS: ORACULAR BUSTS.

 I'l.ATK XXX

175 a 175 A

HUMAN GODS: MIN TO NEFERTUM.

 l'I..lTE XXXI

176

180

('HUMAN GODS: DWARFS, SAINTS.

 //.// / .v.v.v/y

n o

AXI.MAL-HKADED GODS: FOUR

oo
SON'S OK RA.
 ri.ATE XXX 111

ANIMAL-HEADED GODS :
SET, SPHINX, HATIIOR, KIINUMU, BES.
 I'l.ATK .V.V.V/r

AXIMAL-IIKADKD GODS: BKS, TAHUTI, MAI IKS.

 // /// .v.v.vr

ANIMAL-HEADED GODS: ANIIUR WITH TKFNUT, SKKII.MET, BASTET.

 n.ATK .V.V.V/7

200

ANIMAL-HEADED GODS: SHU WITH TKKXUT, JACKAL, SKBKK, TAIIL'TI.

 I'l.ATK \.\.\\- 1

200

ANIMAL-HEADED GODS: SHU WITH TEKXL'T, JACKAL, SEHEK. TAHUTI.

 Pl.ATK .V.V.Vr//

207 g

'-
*>^i '

.oji^ij^BlNsr
vbf't

209 a

&
f
,

3^^*^ JL- --.

/
ANIMAL GODS : APE, BULL, COW.
 PLATE XXX I'll I

210

LION.
ANIMAL GODS: COW, SHEKP, HAKE,
 /'/..//'A .V.V.V/.V

-T^a
223

-
A
..; ><>?-
<>'"/'>*
-- t.f ." -.

"'.-TV,: :-'**.

231 A
ANIMAL GODS : LION, CAT, JACKAL.
 //-///: .v/.

211

^^ ^^^^

236

237^
ff f
h
f f f

fill*
237 TTL
 /////. xi. i

243

00 ay ap

ANIMAL GODS: RKPTILKS, BIRDS.

 PLATE XI. II

250 a
245 h

251

AXI.MAL GODS: HIRDS.

 I'l .\TE X I.I 1 1

257

v
f.-^tH-
170 d
f

ANIMAL GODS, AND VARIOUS OK|K(T.S.

 //..///: AY.//'

2ft

ADDKXDA.
 //..//A \/.r

267 c.
245 tt.A.
 PLATE Xl.l'l
10

ADDENDA.
 //..; /A .v/.;v/

70 JO

1397Z2 ?4'

iilfci

139T2
 LISTS OF AMULETS, MACGREGOR PAPYRUS, AND DENDEREH. XLVIII

a tt zn
/>.^\
41 3I *-yv 2.1

5 8 f V"
JJ
^4.

L L
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<wv\ |<XV_
43 18 l3

I
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44

5 4.
 BRONZE AMULET. I35aa.

VXA PH
XVX BA FOUR- XAB 4>i/AAZ. ro/v\
XAXVX- HEADED qu.ird.idn 4
Tkt gu,i 1

BAXAriXVX RAM &oi of Novth St> k I

i

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4.- Ivca-cLeA Yam
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XH P*l
IAUJ
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AA IAA MA
onc tLse with me.

ABAANA9
ANAABA
BES A A6 Z M
A N APe VA.A
I

Birk, C)u_a.vAiin
oF vn. *. TV.

LION
TREADINC
ON SKELETON.

AKPA M M AX
AMA PIH
H O RgS AS
I^OLDIMG LVILr.
5TA K Dt NG ON
CKOCOD I LE5. C A. BA
L.L o n

I A U
YaHvtH
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I e, s u &
3 HAWKS 3 SCAKA&S 3 GOATS, 3 &CR.PLN-I:
Sou.Ls of tkt J
on L.ft

i Ae'uj
 PLANS OF AMULETS ON MUMMIES.

HAWA(\A HORUZA HAWARA

R I (, H T , .

U PP I R. <\ KM M
UP PS*.
B> E A DS

!. tF T HA.ND
R. ICHT HAND
GOLD R.IM& ON n G i i-Tos"
IN HAND
/> u fijMT .^
r~^-y

^^liumw-
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&

GOLD
B t KV L.
C A (\ N EL AN I

D OH T E
i
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STS GOLD fcANPS L A 31 U LI
.
BLACK LIME
OLD itltATH . ,^_ O 2. S D AN
I I

L K TE i

&VENiTE T STEATITE
YE LLOW LI^E
VV MIT E

HAWARA H AWARA 4

u !!II!!IIf i
 PLANS OF AMULETS ON MUMMIES.
LI

HAWARA 7 HAWAFsA & HAWARA 13

II

IM

OUTER SET, GLAZED.

 PLANS OF AMULETS ON MUMMIES. Lll

NEBE&HEH C
NEBE5HEH DENDEREH
. HI

N
C

D
U
V

DENDEREH DENDEKEH
oU
DENDEREH
oc 54

F.P.
 PLANS OF AMULETS ON MUMMIES.
20
DENDEREH
Hi. DENDER.EH
I 12.

DENDEREH DENJ3ER.EH
5~OO DENDERE.H

P.P.
 INDEX TO AMULETS IN POSITION, PLS. L- LIII LIV

p O3 T O I I NJ 5 2>7 A, P. IOD,U 95 VULTUKE SPREAD I C 4 P.

f F O PsE HEAD II p. up. is p. 2.3 P Z4 v ?

-97 SER.PENT HEAD. IJ.9P. (IT. I4T
N NAPE OF NECK 38KOKK.ED LANCf. "QJ" IP.
BULL A. C I .

3P.4 P. 5TP. 6PU-7T. IO C

U2 AT ^3) F.D.UM.H. 2.T.C.
T~ THROAT .

12.8 I

C CLAVl CUE 39 OSTFMCH PLUMES ^ IP. 3T P. 4- p. 5T.C.P. 6U.7T. a p.

ZD. 3c.5~P 6P.7T. loc.ny. 14V/.
P PE C T US 14 F. IS" C,P, V. 2-? T, P.
40C D SC + H PvNS TQ? lop.
I

139 UZAT IN 5Q.UARE.14T.

D D A PH I KAGM PAIR, or FEATHERS ffi 3 P. 149 IS! S. IP. 2.T.RU. 3P.4-P. SF
4. |

\J u M COS B ILI 5 =>,6 P. 10 D. II,V. 14 V. 6C,P. 8C,P. 9 P. 10 P. 13 P. 14 P.

R IS. IMG SUM CQ3 10 P I49& I5IS PLAQ.UE. 4 P

V V EN TE R 42.
I5T5 ISIS MOUR>NIMG. P.
I^C.ZI
M H U M E R US 43 DISC OF S U Nl Q 5C.6U. 2.Z P. Z.3. P.
U, IZ U. 13 L. 14 L. (6 U 15IS,NEE>HAT,AMHOKUS. Z U.
Vv/ WRIST II I5"2.

45" BAKK *B4. 2. C 3U.6D. 8D.13P. 14 P.

H HAND I5"4 NEBH AT. l.P. 2. P, U 3 .
P,D.
R, L F I'NGEKS R ;
*.L 5S UKAEUS"^ |,P. 2.C. 4 P.
4 P. 6 C, P. 8 P. 9 P. |0 P. I3R 14 P.
5" F 12. D. 13 U, V
A ANKLE
-
P, P,
.

15^45 NEBHAT PLAGUE. 4 p.

14 F. 15 P E. 2.0 C,P. 2.Z V.
2.5TR I
5"7 OS I P- 1 S 5 V, E .

FEET
I

E 5~8D WiNGtD UPsAEUS. 4. P. I57POSIMSAND/V\UMMY- I T U-

7 HEAKT. No I
C,P D, M. EC. 63 COW, LEGS T ED. I
10 P. 161 M I H. IS P.

4-T- 5 T, C . 6 T,g P. IOTPU 66 DUCK. 3

|6'/ SHU I P. 4. P. 6 U
P.
168 NEIT.IP 2.R 5" P. 6 P. 1
4 P.
IICJ2.P.-I3C. 14- P. 16 P,
70 V ASE . I
,T .

172. MAOT. I P. 2.T.P. 3 P. 5" P.

ISC .
2.1 D. 2.3 P. 2.4 U.15-P 71 COLLAR. |,C. 4 P. IO D .

17
P-
174 SELK. I P .
ZT.P. 3 P
8. BREAST. 17 P. |8D?2.0C 7 24\/; 72 CLOTHING. SP.JP. )0 D. 150 HO KUS H AWK.- H EAD ED. .
IP.

2,pU.3D.4P.S"P. 6C.8P. 9r>

17 SMA, 10, u, 76 WRITING TAB LET. IP 10 P. 13 P
1 8 ! R.A, .
!
P. IT. Z P. 4- P. 5"P. 6 C, P.
)8 FROG. P,W.2.T. I 2>P,5C. 6 U.
4- P. 5X,P. 7T. 1I,V. IL PD. I8IB KA SEATED . 10 P
10 P. II C - 12. P. 13 P 78 CA K.T OU C H E.5TC.6U 7T (82. 4- SOMS OF RA. 9"D. IS"P. 16 P,V.
IS PD.I9 P. 2.0 P. 2. P.2.ZR R 24V
SEA
1 2. 3,

SCE PTRE. V
/9
I
IM,L-H ./J.K.5X I&6 HAT HO R. COW HEADED. |T. 9 P
I
F,T C,P. ID. p. 4 3> [
6 R,L. I 2. D . )2> P .
I 8 KH N! M U l ? U 4 5 c pI.' .
.
p.
J .
5>

5 P. 6 P. 10,U. II V I3VM4R 80
. SEAL M IM G I L,R. 2. K, I&7BKHMUML
AN: PU. 9 p. 14
-"LAQ.UE..
p.
4 P.
i97
E IS P. U. 5"C,L
15 - 2.2. 2.5- P. 2.01 SE Bk."K 2_o D . .

2-1 \PYRUS PLAQ^UE, 81 CiPxCLE OF CQR.D.Q. I,H Z01 TEHUTI. IP,U.3PD.4P.5-P.6CP8P.|JP

S" P. 6 P. 7T. S P. 10 C. I ( G. &"7 MUKMY OM Bl EB. !5"U,V .
2O& HATKOR COW. I8V.1OP.2.IV
Ll ON4. 3
17 P. Zl P. LA- UECS. 2-19 P. I 5- P,
0/I7D. 190. 2.0V.
2.8 H UMAN-H EADED BIR.D. 2.2.0 LIONS FOREPARTS 3 P. ~\Z2. P
88 G R D L E OF
.

5 S $ P.
1TC. 2-D. 1 2> p. 4. P.
1 1 ! I
T, 2.Z3 B U LLS FO R E PAPxTi 4
1

igp 2.T. 3 P. r P. 6 P. P. fiC.

.
p.
7 214 CA~T. I5E.
BOMANS GIRDLE-TIE * 9 CP. IO P. D. I I J2. U- Z2.I JACKAL COUCHANT.gD.ZOD.Uy.
2. C I 5 E 13 P, U. I? E. 2.31 B JACKAL ON SH KIN
19 V. 2.3. P. .

33> COUNTER-POISE ^ 91 PE CTO R A L. 1 5" P. 17 P. 19V Z.36 TAURT. |S"E./8D,V. 2.OD.

9 P. IIT.I1T. I3N. 14 N 92. SCARAB WITH LEGS. 1 D. HAWK P. 3 C. 14 P. I5"P,V. . |

34 HEAD REST g IOT. 1PU. 3 C.PD- 4-T.P. 5TP. I 8 CV. 2.0 PD. 22.C 2.4- U.
Z5 c
IS E. IS P 2.0.U 6 T U. 7 C, P D. & P. O C P D. I
/ C . I 5" D.
L.
2>S ZAD f I,T,P C,U 3CP,U. 2.
II

|& V. 2.0
P, I2.P.D. I417PL 147 IBIS.
V. 2.1 G .5T,RU.
I3> P,
Z.I J5.

4 P . S"P. 6P, D, U. 7 C .
2-70 REED. 18 P.
92.6 HAWK.-H EADED sc^R^B Z73 TWO FINGE R.S H.5"V. 6 V.
8 D. 9 c,u. IOT. 1 1 D.
ID. IO B. \O.V. II V. ILV. 14V. 18 V.
li P.D, U. 14 D,U. IS V.
SCARAB WINGS. 2.J5-
STAR,. IS" T.
l<?
U.
92, -I-
9C.
18 C . 2-1 U .
2L4D-2.5R 15-P.V.E . l 2 P. 2.0 C. 2.1 C
35"B 10 D 2_4 D THE AMULETS AF^E. SPREAD OUT
A R. E 5" c. IOB .
SANAE.OM LEGS. /ryE. TOO Low M THE I

!
C,P. 12. P. 23 P 94 VULTUKE STANDING. MS IN* O fkDE PS TO
IT,D. 2-C. 4- P 25 T BE. CLE1AK. p. p.
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