►Further Pure Mathematics(4PM1) ◄ ► U Hein Htet (B.E-Mech, DPM UK) ◄ .
Additional Exercises
Rule for indices and surds
1. Simplify each of the following.
a. (x ) 5 3
b. x 7 x 9 c. x 5 x 7 d. x10
−4
e. x −4
f. (x ) −3 2
g. 3
x 6
h. (x )
−1 2 1
3
x
4
3
i. 3 x y 5 x y
2 4 3
j. 25 x y 6 −4
k . 2 x 3 y 2 l. 9 x 8 y − 4 3 8 x 6 y −3
2. Simplify each of the following.
a.
3
x 3 x5
b.
x 2 x5
c.
( x)
3
2
x6
d.
(3xy )2 x4 y6
x −2
x
−
1
2
x
−
1
3 (2 x y ) 4 3 2
(9 x y ) (4 x y ) 9 x
1
6 −2 2 2 6
2
y2
e. f.
(4 x y ) 2
3
−4 − 2 (x y ) 3 2 −2
3. (a) Given that
(3x ) 4 2
= 2 a 3b x c ,evaluate a, b and c.
8 x 3x
2
x −1 3 y 2
(b) Given that = x a y b , find the value of a and the value of b.
2
−
x6 y 3
4 2
−
a5 b 3
(c) Given that 1 2
= a x b y , find the value of x and the value of y.
−
5 3
a b
(d) Given that
(a ) x 2
b y −4
= a 2b 4 , find the value of x and the value of y.
b 5− x ay
Exponential equations
4. Solve the following equation.
a. 23 x +1 = 8 b. 2 n +1 = 32 −16
=1 d . 252 x +1 = 1253 x + 2
2
c. 5 x
x +1
5− 2 x 1 4 x −3 1 −2 −4
= = − 8x = 0 = 27 x
2 2
e. 4 x +1
f. 8 g. 22 x h. 3 x
8 16
( 3)
2
6 − 1
i. 43 x + 4 = 84 x +12 j. 2 x 4 = 0.0032 k. 9 y = l. x 3
=
4
5
Hinthar International School
►Further Pure Mathematics(4PM1) ◄ ► U Hein Htet (B.E-Mech, DPM UK) ◄ .
5. Solve the following equation.
a. 32 x −1 9 x −1 = 243 b. 2 2 x 4 x +1 = 64 c. 23 x +1 8 x −1 = 128
d. (2 )(4 ) = 8
2− x 2 x +3
e. 3 x +1
9 2− x
=
1
27
f.
9y
27 3 y +1
= 81
6. Solve the following equation.
27 2 x 32 x +1 4x 23 x 2 x + 4 64 27 2 x 32 x +1
a. = x +3 b. = c. = 1 d. = x +3
35− x 9 2 3− x 8 x − 2 8− x x 36− x 9
42
7. Solve the simultaneous equations.
( )
a. 9 x 27 y = 1 b. 4 x 2 y = 16 c. 27 x = 9 3 y ( )
4x ( 2) y
= 128 32 x 9 y = 27 2x 8y = 1
Operation using surds
8. Simplify each of the following.
a. 3 5 + 7 5 b. 6 3 − 3 ( ) (
c. 4 5 − 3 − 2 5 3 − 1 )
d. 3 5 e. 2 5 3 3 f . 7 52 5
g. (4 − 3 ) 2
h.
112
28
i.
52
26
17 9 20 120
j. k. l.
68 3 5 24
88 54
m. n. o. 99
2 11 6
p. 8 6 q. 245 5 r. 175 − 28 + 63
s. 5 12 − 3 48 + 2 75 t. 5 28 − 3 63 − 7 u. 200 − 2 18 + 72
v. (
3 2 3 + 12 ) w. ( 3 +5 2 )( 2+ 3 ) x. (4 + 2 3 )(4 − 2 3 )
y. (2 )(
5 +3 3 4 3 +3 5 ) z. ( 7+ 6 )( 7− 6 )( x + 1)( x − 1)
9. A=3√5 + 7√3 B=2√5 − 3√3 C=2√3 − √5
Simplify
a. A + B b. A ‒ C c. 2A + 3B d. 5A + 2B ‒ C
10. (a) Find the exact length of AB. 7 cm
(b) Find the exact perimeter of the triangle.
B C
4 cm
6
Hinthar International School
►Further Pure Mathematics(4PM1) ◄ ► U Hein Htet (B.E-Mech, DPM UK) ◄ .
11. A rectangular has sides of length ( 2 + √8 ) cm and ( 7 − √2 ) cm. Find the area of the
rectangle. Express your answer in the form a+b√2, where a and b are integers.
12. A cuboid has a square base. The sides of the square are the length (1+√2 ) cm. The height
of the cuboid is (5 ‒ √2 ) cm. Find the volume of the cuboid. Express your answer in the
form a + 𝑏√2,where a and bare integers.
13. Rationalise the denominators and simplify.
2 5 12 2 +1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 2+ 3 5− 3 2 2 −1
7 +3 2 17 − 11 1
(e) (f) (g)
7− 2 17 + 11 2 2− 3
14. Write as a single fraction.
1 1 2 1 1 1 1
(a) + (b) + (c) + +
3 +1 3 −1 7+ 2 7− 2 3+ 3 3 −3 3
15. A right circular cylinder has a volume of (25+14√3 )𝜋 cm3 and a base radius of (2+√3 )cm.
Find its height in the form (a+𝑏√3 )cm, where a and b are integers.
Logarithmic Function
16. Write the following equations in logarithmic form.
−3
1
3
1
a. 34 = 81 b. 9 2 = 27 c. 10−3 = 0.001 d . 3−1 = e. = 64
3 4
17. Write the following equations in exponential form.
1
a. log 2 4 = 2 b. log 2 64 = 6 c. log 5 1 = 0 d . log 3 9 = 2 e. log 36 6 =
2
18. Solve the following equations.
1
a. log 7 49 = x b. log x 10 = 1 c. log 3
x=2 d . x log x x = 5 e. log 81 x =
2
19. Evaluate the following.
1
a. 9log 9 2 + 3log 3 8 b. log 4 45 log10 10 2 c. 7 log 7 9 + log 2
2
1
d . log 1 − 4 log10 10 e. 101−log10 3
2 8
7
Hinthar International School
►Further Pure Mathematics(4PM1) ◄ ► U Hein Htet (B.E-Mech, DPM UK) ◄ .
20. Find the value of
(a) log 4 16 (b) log 3 81 (c) log 4 64 (d ) log 2 0.25
(e) log 3 243 ( )
( f ) log 2 8 2 (
( g ) log 5 25 5 ) 1
(h) log 2
8
7 1
(i ) log 64 8 ( j ) log 7
(k ) log 5 3 5 (l ) log 3
7 3
21. Simplify
(a ) log x x 2 (b) log x 3 x ( )
(c) log x x x (d ) log x
1
x2
(x) x x
3
1 x
(e) log x 2 ( f ) log x 7
( g ) log x 3 (h) log x 3
x x x
22. Solve
(a) log3 (log2 x) = 1 (b) log2 (log5 x) = 2 (c) log2 (log7 x) = 2
The Laws of Logarithms
23. Write each expression as a single logarithm.
(a) log2 5 + log2 3 (b) log 3 12 - log3 2
(c) 3 log5 2 + log5 8 (d) 2 log7 4 – 3 log7 2
1 1
(e) log3 25 + log3 4 (f) 2 log7 + log7 8
2 4
(g) 1 + log4 3 (h) lg 5 – 2
(i) 3 - log4 10 (j) 2 + 3 log5 x2
(k) log3 2 + log3 81 (l) logb (3x) + logb (4y) – logb (2z)
1
(m) – log3 (2s) + 2 log3 (4t2v4) – 2log3 (5u) (n) logb 20 + logb 57 – logb 114
(o) 3logb 8 – logb 12 (p) logb x + 2 logb y – logb a
24. Replace with the appropriate number.
(a) log3 24 = log3 6 + log3 (b) log5 24 = log5 60 + log5
(c) log2 = 3log2 3 (d) log10 9 = log10 3
(e) log8 5 = log8 – log8 11
25. Simplify
log 7 4 log 7 27 log 7 64 log 5 100
(a) (b) (c ) (d )
log 7 2 log 7 3 log 7 0.25 log 5 0.01
8
Hinthar International School
►Further Pure Mathematics(4PM1) ◄ ► U Hein Htet (B.E-Mech, DPM UK) ◄ .
26. Evaluate each expression.
(a) log2 128 (b) log 3 814 (c) log 8 1 (d) log8 2
2
√3 log 3 3 log 2 25
(e) log3 81 (f) (g) (h) log4 8
log 3 81 log 2 5
27. Given that u = log5 x, find, in simplest form in terms of u.
(a) x
x
(b) log 5 (c) log 5 5 x ( ) x x
(d ) log 5
25 125
28. Given that log4 p = x and log4 q = y, find, in simplest form in terms of x and y .
16
(a) log 4 (4 p) (b) log 4 (c) log 4 p + log 4 q 2 (d ) pq
p
29. Given that loga x = 5 and loga y = 8, find
1 x
(a) log a (b) log a
(c) log a (xy ) (
(d ) log a x 2 y 3 )
y y
30. Given that loga x = 12 and loga y = 4, find
x
(a) log a
x2
(b) log a (
(c) log a x y ) y
(d ) log a 3
y y x
Solving the logarithmic equations
31. Solve
(a) log2 x + log2 4 = log2 20 (b) log4 2x – log4 5 = log4 3
(c) log4 (x–5) + log4 5 = 2 log4 10 (d) log3 (x+3) = 2 log3 4 + log3 5
(e) log6 x + log6 3 = 2 (f) lg (5x) – lg (x– 4) = 1
(g) log3 (2x+3) = 2 + log3 (2x-5) (h) lg (4x– 5) + 2 lg 2 = 1 + lg (2x– 1)
(i) log5 (x+8) + log5 (x+2) = log 5 20x (j) lg x + lg (x+1) = lg 20
(k) log3 x + log3 (2x-5) = 1 (l) 3 + 2 log2 x = log2 (14x – 3)
(m) lg (x+5) + lg 2x = 2 (n) lg x + lg (x– 15) = 2
(o) logx 64 – logx 4 = 1 (p) logx 16 + logx 4 = 3
(q) logx 15 = 2 + logx 5 (r) logx 32 ‒ logx 2 = 2 logx x
(s) logx 4 – 2logx 3 = 2 (t)
(u) (log5 x)2 – 3 log5 x + 2 = 0 (v) (log5 x)2 – log5 x2 = 15
(w) (log5 x)2 – log5 x3 = 18 (x) 2 (log2 x)2 + 5 log2 x2 = 72
(y) log2 (3x2 – 1) – log2 (2x) = 0 (z)
9
Hinthar International School
►Further Pure Mathematics(4PM1) ◄ ► U Hein Htet (B.E-Mech, DPM UK) ◄ .
32. Challenge Q
Solve the simultaneous equations.
(a) xy=64 and logx y = 2 (b) 2x = 4y and 2 lgy = lg x + lg 5
(c) log4 (x+y) = 2 log4 x and log4 y = log4 3 + log4 x
(d) 4xy = 2x+5 and log2 y – log2 x = 1
Solving exponential equations using logarithm rules
33. Solve, giving your answer correct to 3 s.f.
(a) 3x+1 = 55 (b) 4x–1 = 5x+1 (c) 32x+3 = 53x+1 (d) 7x = 3x+4
(e) 2x+2 – 2x = 4 (f) 3x+1 – 8(3x–1) - 5 = 0 (g) 5x – 5x+2 + 125 = 0
(h) 32x – 6×3x + 5 = 0 (i) 52x – 2(5x) – 3 = 0 (j) 22x + 2x+1 –15 = 0
(k) 42x+1 = 17(4x) – 15 (l) 4x – 3(2x) –10 = 0 (m) 9x – 2(3x+1) + 8 = 0
Change of base of logarithms
34. Solve
(a) logp 2 × log8 p (b) log2 x + 5 log4 x = 14 (c) log3 x + 2 log9 x = 4
(d) log3 x = log9 (x+6) (e) log3 x = 9 logx 3 (f) log4 x + 6 logx 4 – 5 = 0
(g) log2 x – 9 logx 2 = 8 (h) lg x + 5 log10 10 = ‒ 6 (i) log6 x + 2 logx 6 = 4
Natural Logarithms
35. Without using a calculator find the value of
1 1
ln 64
(a) eln 5 (b) 𝑒 2 (c) 3e ln 2 (d) −𝑒 −𝑙𝑛 2
36. Solve.
(a) eln x = 7 (b) ln ex = 2.5 (c) e2 ln x = 36 (d) e – lnx = 20
37. Solve, giving your answer correct to 3 s.f.
(a) ex = 7 (b) e2x = 28 (c) ex+1 = 16 (d) e2x–1 = 5
38. Solve, giving your answers in terms of natural logarithms.
1
(a) ex = 7 (b) 2ex + 1 = 7 (c) e2x–5 = 3 (d) e3x–1 = 4
2
39. Solve, giving your answers correct to 3 s.f.
(a) ln x = 3 (b) ln x = –2 (c) ln (x+1) = 7 (d) ln (2x–5) = 3
(e) ln x3 + ln x = 5 (f) e3x+4 = 2 ex–1 (g) ln (x+5) – ln x = 3
10
Hinthar International School
►Further Pure Mathematics(4PM1) ◄ ► U Hein Htet (B.E-Mech, DPM UK) ◄ .
40. Solve, giving your answers in exact form.
(a) ln (x–3) = 2 (b) e2x – 1 = 7 (c) e2x – 4ex = 0 (d) e2x – 9ex + 20 = 0
(e) ex = 2e–x (f) ex + 6e–x = 5
41. Solve, giving your answers correct to 3 s.f.
(a) e2x – 2ex – 24 = 0 (b) e2x – 5ex + 4 = 0 (c) ex + 2e–x = 80
42. Solve the simultaneous equations, giving your answers in exact form.
(a) ln x = 2 ln y (b) e5x–y = 3 e3x
ln y – ln x = 1 e2x = 5 ex+y
43. Solve 5 ln(7–e2x) = 3, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
44. Solve ex – xe5x–1 = 0
Sketching the Logarithmic and Exponential Function
1
Complete the table of values for : y = e 2 − 2 .
x
45. (a)
Giving your answers to two decimal places where appropriate.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y ‒1.39 2.48 10.18
1
Draw the graph of y = e 2 − 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 5.
x
(b)
1
(c) Use your graph of estimate, to 2 (s.f.) , the solution of the equation e 2 x = 8 .
(d) By drawing a suitable line on your graph, estimate to 2 (s.f.) the solution to the equation
to the equation x = 2 ln(7‒2x).
46. (a) Complete the table of values for : y = 2 + lnx .
Giving your answers to two decimal places where appropriate.
x 0.1 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4
y ‒0.3 2.41 3.10
(b) Draw the graph of y = 2 + lnx for 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 4.
(c) Use your graph of estimate, to 2 (s.f.) , the solution of the equation ln x = 0.5 .
(d) By drawing a suitable line on your graph, estimate to 2 (s.f.) the solution to the equation
to the equation x = ex‒2 .
11
Hinthar International School
►Further Pure Mathematics(4PM1) ◄ ► U Hein Htet (B.E-Mech, DPM UK) ◄ .
−1x
47. (a) Complete the table of values for : y = 3 + 2e 2 .
Giving your answers to two decimal places where appropriate.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y
−1x
(b) Draw the graph of y = 3 + 2e 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6.
−1x
(c) Use your graph of estimate, to 2 (s.f.) , the solution of the equation e 2 = 0.5 .
(d) By drawing a suitable line on your graph, estimate to 2 (s.f.) the solution to the equation
x−2
to the equation x = −2 ln .
2
1
48. (a) Complete the table of values for : y = 2 + e x .
3
Giving your answers to two decimal places where appropriate.
x ‒1 ‒0.5 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
y
1 x
(b) Draw the graph of y = 2+ e for ‒1 ≤ x ≤ 3.
3
(c) Use your graph of estimate, to 2 (s.f.) , the solution of the equation ex = 12 .
(d) By drawing a suitable line on your graph, estimate to 2 (s.f.) the solution to the equation
to the equation x = ln (6‒6x).
12
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