An Int ernship Report On

Financial Performance Analysis Of IFIC

Bank Limited

Department of Business Administration

Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

This internship report has been prepared for submission into the Department of Business Administration,
Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, as a partial requirement for fulfillment of BBA Program.
 An Int ernship Report On
Financial Performance Analysis Of IFIC
Bank Limited
Course Title : Internship & Defense Course Code : BAN 411

Submitted To:
Chairman
Examination committee 2014
Fourth year second semester
Department of Business Administration
Shahjalal University of Science & Technology
Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.

Supervised By:
Mazharul Hasan Mazumder, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Business Administration
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

Submitted By:
Mufti Tamimul Quamar Ahmed Reg. No. 2009731064

Date of Submission: 15 March, 2015

Depart ment o f B us iness Admi nist rat io n

Shahjala l University o f Science & Technolog y, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
This internship report has been prepared for submission into the Department of Business Administration,
Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, as a partial requirement for fulfillment of BBA Program.
 Letter Of Subm ittal

15 March, 2015
To

Mazharul Hasan Mazumder, PhD

Associate Professor
Department of Business Administration
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
Sylhet-3114
Subject: Subm ission Of I nter nship Repor t

Dear Sir,

As part of the requirements of the I nternship Program, I have conducted a study on

“Financial Per for m ance Analysis of I FI C Bank Lim ited” and have written an

internship report on the same. To do so, I have collected the relevant information

from available sources. I have tried to collect and incorporate all those information

and make this report as much informative as possible. Finally, I would like to request

you to accept my paper and permit me to present it before the examination

committee.

Thank you for your kind consideration and acceptance.

Sincerely,

Mufti Tamimul Quamar Ahmed

Reg. No: 2009731064
Department of Business Administration,
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
 Acknowledgem ent
At the beginning, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Almighty Allah, the

most merciful and beneficial for empowering me to prepare the report within the

scheduled time. Then all the people who were involved both directly and indirectly in

the preparation of this report. I would like to mention my heartiest gratitude for the

proper guidance of the internship purpose affairs to Mr. Dr. Md. Nazrul I slam,

honorable professor & Head of Department of Business Administration and Dean of

School of Management & Business Administration & Mr. Dr. Mosaddak Ahmed

Chowdhury, Associate professor, Department of Business Administration and

chairman of I nternship Placement Committee 2014, Shahjalal University of Science

and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

As I was placed in Tultikar Branch, Sylhet of I FI C Bank Limited to work as an intern

from August 18 th to November 17th of 2014, I want to thank all the officials of I FIC

Bank Limited who were involved. I would especially like to thank Mr. Faruk Ahmed

(Head of Branch & SAVP), M r. Abdul Kader (principal officer), M rs Rina (senior

officer), M rs songkori (Senior Officer), Mr. Ashraf (senior officer-cash), Mr Moshiur

(Junior officer-Cash) for giving me time and sharing their thoughts. I would like to

thank them for giving me the required information to commence this report and for

providing the permission to do the required analytical works.

I also would like to give my gratitude to a very important person who has made it all

happen for me at I FI C Bank Limited - Mr. M. Shah Alam Sarwar (M anaging

Director). I n making the report, I have taken help from different books, journals, and

other scholastic write-ups. I thank all those authors. I am also indebted to my loving

friends and juniors. I sincerely appreciate the staff of Department of Business

Administration for their numerous assistance.

Finally, I take the opportunity to thank my family members without whose support

this report might not be completed. I sincerely admit their contribution.

 Letter of Cer tificate

I am convinced to declare that Mufti Tamimul Quamar Ahmed, Registration No.

2009731064 with Academic Session: 2009-10 of the department of Business

Administration of Shahjalal University of Science And Technology, Sylhet, has

completed his internship report on the topic “Financial Per for m ance Analysis

of I FI C Bank Lim ited”

I have supervised his throughout the preparation of the report. He has put frantic and

sincere efforts to write a contributory report on the subject matter. I also certify that,

to the best of my knowledge, the report is original and was not submitted elsewhere

before for publication in any form whatsoever.

I wish him good luck.

……………………………………….
Mazharul Hasan Mazumder, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Business Administration
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.
 Executive Sum m ar y

This internship report is based on my internship program and financial statements of

2011, 2012 and 2013 of I FI C Bank Limited. I n my internship period, I worked in

Tultikar branch of I FI C Bank Ltd. I t was a great opportunity to gather experience and

knowledge from different types of banking operations. My faculty supervisor helped

me to choose the topic- Financial Performance Analysis of I FI C Bank Limited which

is a study based on 2011-2013 year

I n the new competitive business era, private banking sector is getting more

competitive in Bangladesh. I n this sector the most used financial statements are the

balance sheet and profit and loss account where the balance sheet shows the financial

position and profit and loss account shows the net profit or net loss of a bank. Ratio

Analysis deals with these statements. Ratio analysis is the most popular trend to

evaluate a bank’s performance over years or with other companies in an industry. I n

my report I had to study I FI C Bank Limited’s financial statements for the last three

years then had to analyze and give significant comments regarding the changes in the

financial position. Analysis and interpretation of these financial statements through

ratio analysis has now become an important technique for performance appraisal

because the investors, financial experts, management executives and the bankers are

always rely on these ratios to make important decisions. The management team of
any bank, investor and the government agencies always concern about liquidity ratios

and adequacy ratios of a bank which interprets the efficiency of a bank.

As a part of my B.B.A program, I have spent three months at Tultikar Branch, Sylhet

of I FI C Bank Limited for the purpose of learning the activities of different banking

operations practically. The whole working process of Tultikar Branch, I FI C Bank is

divided into three sections-1) General Banking Section 2) Credit Section 3) Foreign

Exchange Section. I have worked at all these sections gradually. I have analyzed the

financial statements of I FI C Bank Limited from the annual reports and bank affairs of

Tultikar Branch, I FI C Bank Ltd to find out its ratios by using its past and current

records. After preparing this report I came to know that analysis of financial

statements through ratios helps to overcome the past flaws and make the future

decisions and strategies.

 Table Of Contents

Page No.
Chapter One: Introduction 1-9
1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Origin Of The Report 2

1.3 Objective Of The Report 3

1.3.a General Objective 3

4
1.3.b Specific Objective
1.4 Scope Of The Report 4

1.5 Methodology 4

1.5.a Secondary Sources 5

1.6 Limitations Of The Report 5

1.7 Literature Review 6

Chapter Two: Background Of Organization 10-18

2.1 About IFIC Bank Limited 10

2.2 Corporate Profile Of IFIC Bank 11
2.3 Top Management Personnel 12
2.4 Milestones In The Development Of IFIC Bank 12
2.5 Bank’s Vision 14
2.6 Bank's Mission 14
2.7 Core Values 14
2.8 Strategic Priority 15
2.9 Management Structure 16
2.10 Hierarchy Of The Organization 17
2.11 Organogram 18
Chapter Three: Job Description 19-21

3.1 Description Of The Job 19

3.2 Specific Responsibilities Of The Job 19
3.3 Different Aspects Of Job Performance 19
3.4 Personal Observation 19
3.5 Recommendations For Tultikar Branch, IFIC Bank, Sylhet. 21

Chapter Four: Project Findings & Analysis 22-38

4.1 Introduction 22
4.2 Project Summary 22

4.3 Project Analysis 23

4.3.1 Loans To Total Deposit 23

4.3.2 Loans To Total Asset 25

4.3.3 Credit Risk Ratios 26

4.3.3.a Equity To Asset 26

27
4.3.3.b Equit y To Net Loans

4.3.4 Asset Activity Ratios 28

4.3.4.a Fixed Asset Turnover 29

4.3.4.b Net Asset Turnover 30

4.3.5 Return On Asset 32

4.3.6 Return On Equity 33

4.3.7 Return On Deposit 35

4.3.8 Net Profit Margin 36

4.3.9 Equity Multiplier 37

Chapter Five: Recommendations & Conclusion 39-41

5.1 Recommendations 39

5.2 Conclusion 40

Chapter Six: References 42-46

6.1 List of References 42

Chapter Seven : Appendix 47-51

7.1 Appendix 47
1.1 I ntr oduction

Generally by the word “bank” we can easily understand that the financial institution

dealing with money. The whole scenario of the economy of a country can be

ascertained by examining the condition of the banking sector. Banking sector has a

vital role to play in the economic activities and development of any country. There are

different types of banks like Central Banks, Commercial Banks, Savings Banks,

I nvestment Banks, I ndustrial Banks, and Co operative banks etc. But when we use the

term “bank” without any prefix or restriction, it refers to the Commercial Banks.

Commercial Banks are the primary contributors to the economy of a country like

Bangladesh. I n Bangladesh, the commercial banks are dominating the financial

sector and macroeconomic management largely depends on the performance of the

commercial banks as well as banking sector. Banking grew primarily in the public

sector with main emphasis on restructuring of the financial system and development

needs of the war-torn economy with gradual liberalization in subsequent years. I t was

increasingly felt that banks should be allowed in the private sector for giving a fillip to

development process on the basis of private initiative. I n the 80’s for the first time a

number of banks in the private sector were allowed. I FI C Bank is one of them. Today

the banking concept is not continuing inside the branches or the cabin of the

branches. The bankers are now practicing the non-cabin banking. The assurance of
the availability of the service provider is main factor in bank service. As a result, it

hasbecome essential for every person to have some idea on the bank and banking

procedure. At present, there are 63 scheduled banks operating all over the country.

Out of these, 9 are state-owned (including five specialized banks), 38 are private

commercial banks and the rest 9 are foreign commercial banks. Even though banking

sector in Bangladesh is going through radical changes, it still suffers from chronic

inefficiency. The biggest problem of Bangladesh banking system is the bank loan

default problem. Various initiatives have been undertaken to tackle the loan default

problem in Bangladesh. One of them is to have a credit policy and procedures

guideline mandated by the Bangladesh Bank. Hence financial performance of a bank

includes all the necessary analysis.

1.2 Or igin Of The Repor t

I nternship Program of Shahjalal University of Science & Technology is a graduation

requirement for the BBA students, which is also a partial requirement of the

I nternship program of BBA curriculum. The main purpose of internship is to get the

student exposed to the job world. Being an intern, the main challenge is to translate

the theoretical concepts into real life experience. The internship program and the

study have following purposes:

 To get and organize detail knowledge on the job responsibility.

 To gather experiences about the real business world.

 To compare the real scenario with the lessons learned in the university
 To fulfill the requirement of BBA Program.

To accomplish the internship program, I was placed at I FI C Bank Limited, Tultikar

Branch, Sylhet under the guidance of M r . M azhar ul H asan M azum der ,PhD my

academic supervisor. The topic of the report was approved by the supervisor to satisfy

the organizational requirements and fulfillment of the internship program. As a

requirement of the completion of the internship program, I had to submit this report,

which includes an overview of the organization and financial performance analysis

of IFIC Bank Limited.

1.3 Objectives Of The Repor t

The objectives of the report can be viewed in two forms:

 General Objective

 Specific Objective

1.3. a Gener al Objective

This internship report is prepared primarily to fulfill the Bachelor of Business

Administration (B.B.A) degree requirement under the Department of Business

Administration, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

1.3. b Specific Objective

More specifically, this study entails the following aspects:

 To provide a brief overview about I FI C Bank and the bank’s historical

background.

 To analyze the financial performance of I FI C Bank Limited in the last three

years.(2011 2013)

 To present my observation and suggestion to the bank.

 To identify the strength and weakness of bank based on the financial performance

in the last three years. (2011-2013).

1.4 Scope Of The Repor t

The report plots a chronicle outline of I FI C Bank Limited and its operations. The

information consists of the observation and the job experience acquired throughout

the internship era. The report also particularizes the internship research which

focuses on the financial performance of I FI C Bank Limited according to the 2010-

2011, 2011-2012 & 2012-2013 financial years. This report has been prepared

according to extensive analysis of financial statements, annual reports of the bank

and review of literatures.

1.5 M ethodology
I n order to generate this report only secondary data has been used. The sources that

have been used to gather and collect data is given below-

1.5. a Secondar y Sour ces

 Annual Reports of I FI C Bank Limited from 2011-2013

 Brochures of I FI C Bank Limited, Tultikar Branch, Sylhet

 Different written document of I FI C Bank Limited

 Newspapers, Journals, Articles, Books

 Web sites

1.6 Lim itations Of The Repor t

I t was a great opportunity for me to work in I nternational Finance I nvestment &

Commerce (I FI C) Bank Limited, at Tultikar Branch, Sylhet as an I ntern. But there

were surely some limitations while making this report. They are-

 Getting the information and interpreting it, on the basis of my understanding and

then implementing it.

 Bankers are very busy people. I tried to contact with some high officials from main

branch at Sylhet for more detailed information and consultation but they could

not manage time for me.

 This is the financial analysis of past three years.

1.7 Liter atur e Review

The banking sector of Bangladesh is comparatively larger than many comparable

economies with similar level of development and per capita income. The total size of

the sector at present is 61% of GDP, which is proportionately large for a country with

a per capita income of only about US$870. [ Source: Bangladesh Bank Quarterly

Review, 2011] The Banking sector of Bangladesh is divided into four categories of

scheduled Banks. These are Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), Government

Owned Development Financial I nstitutions (DFI s),Private Commercial Banks (PCBs),

and Foreign Commercial Banks (FCBs). Of them, the commercial banks arethe most

dominant one, accounting for more than 80% of all financial system assets. These

commercial banksare subdivided based on ownership as state-owned commercial

banks (SOCBs), private commercial banks(PCBs) and foreign commercial banks

(FCBs). Different authors across the globe have measured financial performance of

banks based on different techniques. Of which financial ratio analysis, trend analysis,

CAMEL rating, are the most common tools used. Alm azar i ( 20 11) in his study

measured the financial performance of some selected Jordanian commercial banks

for the period 2005-2009. The study used simple regression analysis. I n the study,

bank size,asset management, and operational efficiency were taken as independent

variable and dependent variable was taken as financial performance represented by;

return on assets and interest income. The study concluded that banks with higher

total deposits, credits, assets, and shareholders’ equity does not always result in

better profitability performance. Ashr af and Rehm an ( 20 11) compared and

analyzed performance of I slamic banking and conventional banking system in

Pakistan by using of financial measures. The study analyzed the financial

performance of selected banks from five different dimensions; i) Profitability, ii)

Earnings, iii) Liquidity, iv) Credit risk and v) Asset activity for the period 2007-2010.

The study concluded that the performance of I slamic Banks in Pakistanis lagging

behind on the basis of performance because of increased operating cost and

inefficiency from the part of management

Kouser and Saba ( 20 12) compared the performance of Pure I slamic banks, mixed

banks and conventional banks in Pakistan using CAMEL rating. The study revealed

the following facts i) I slamic banks have adequate capital and have strong asset

quality compared to other banks in sample, ii) I slamic banks in general have more

competent management compared to conventional banks, iii) the earnings of I slamic

branches of conventional banks are greater than other banks. N im al and hasan

( 20 0 8 ) undertook a comparative study of financial performance of banking sector in

Bangladesh using CAMELS rating system. The study was done on 6562 Branches of
48 Banks in Bangladesh for the financial year 1999-2006. The study revealed that out

of 48 banks, 3 banks were rated 01 or Strong, 31 banks were rated 02 or satisfactory,

7 banks were rated 03 or Fair, 5 banks were rated 04 or Marginal and 2 banks

obtained 05 or unsatisfactorily rating. 1 Nationalized Commercial Bank (NCB) had

unsatisfactorily rating and other 3 NCBs had marginal rating. Chowdhur y ( 20 0 2)

in his study portrayed the state of banking industry of Bangladesh. I n his study he

emphasized that performance of banks requires knowledge about the profitability

and the relationships between variables like market size, bank's risk and bank's

market size with profitability. The study shed a light on the importance of

performance evaluation of commercial banks in today’s world. The study concluded

that the banking industry in Bangladesh is experiencing major transition for the last

two decades. The author recommended that the banks should endure the pressure

arising from both internal and external factors and prove to be profitable. Siddique

and I slam ( 20 0 1) undertook a study on commercial banks of Bangladesh for the

financial year 1980-1995. The study revealed that the Commercial Banks, as a whole,

are performing well and contributing to the economic development of the country.

The average profitability of all Bangladeshi banks collectively was 0.09% during 1980

to 1995. The study concluded that although banking sector contributes to the national

economy as well as to the individual organization, the performances of different

categories of banks were not equally attractive. Br igham ( 20 0 6) The average result

of the sample banks for Return on Equity (ROE) is 18.57% (ranges between53.46% to
-18.87%, σ = 0.11, median = 17.38%), Return on Assets (ROA) is 0.75% (ranges

between 3.15% to -22.94%, σ = 0.02, median = 1.01%), Earnings per Share (EPS) is

33.72(ranges between 932.00 to -8,230.00, σ = 712.36, median = 59.12), Cost I ncome

Ratio (C/ I ) is0.45 (ranges between 4.64 to -3.69, σ = 0.60, median = 0.44 ), Credit

Deposit Ratio (C/ D) is 0.78(ranges between 1.15 to 0.12, σ = 0.16, median = 0.79),

and Financial Leverage (F/ L) is 17.53(ranges between 93.88 to -27.39, σ = 11.91,

median = 16.43).
2.1 About I FI C Bank Lim ited

I nternational Finance I nvestment and Commerce Bank Limited (I FI C Bank) is

banking company incorporated in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh with limited

liability. I t was set up at the instance of the Government in 1976 as a joint venture

between the Government of Bangladesh and sponsors in the private sector with the

objective of working as a finance company within the country and setting up joint

venture banks/ financial institutions aboard. I n 1983 when the Government allowed

banks in the private sector, I FI C was converted into a fully fledged commercial bank.

The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh now holds 32.75% of the

share capital of the Bank. Directors and Sponsors having vast experience in the field

of trade and commerce own 8.62% of the share capital and the rest is held by the

general public. I FI C Bank Limited was quite successful in achieving decent growth in

most of its business areas, like Deposits and Loans & Advances mainly due to active

monitoring of its business activities and timely & prudent decision making by the

Board and the Management. The Bank was able to register a growth of 17.00% in

Deposits over the preceding year which stood at BDT 107,778.00 million as on 31

December 2013. Total outstanding Loans & Advances of the Bank also stood at BDT

84,110.00 million as on 31 December 2013, marking an increase of 9.00% over the

previous year. The Bank earned a Profit before Taxes of BDT 2,708.00 million in

2013.I n the year 2013, the Bank made direct contribution of BDT 1,869.00 million to

the government exchequer by paying I ncome Tax on its earnings and through

deduction of I ncome Tax, VAT, Customs Duties and Excise Duty at source from

various payments and services. The Bank has signed a Participation Agreement of

BDT 2,000.00 million with Bangladesh Bank for re-financing in Solar Energy, Bio-

Gas & Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). I t is intended to help increase the use of solar

energy and environment friendly alternative renewable energy to maintain ecological

balance.

2.2 Cor por ate Pr ofile Of I FI C Bank

2.3 Top M anagem ent Per sonnel

 Chair m an : Salman F Rahman

 M anaging D ir ector & CEO : M. Shah Alam Sarwar

 D ir ector s

1. Mohammad Lutfar Rahman

2. Monirul I slam (I ndependent Director)

3.Syed Anisul Huq (I ndependent Director)

4. Mohammed Nayem Syed (I ndependent Director)

5. Jalal Ahmed (Govt. Nominated Director)

6. A. R. M. Nazmus Sakil (Govt. Nominated Director)

7. Arijit Chowdhury (Govt. Nominated Director)

2.4 M ilestones I n The D evelopm ent Of I FI C Bank

1976 - Established as an I nvestment & Finance Company under arrangement of

joint venture with the Govt. of Bangladesh.

198 0 - Commenced operation in Foreign Exchange Business in a limited scale.

198 2 - Obtained permission from the Govt. to operate as a commercial Bank, Set up

its first overseas joint venture (Bank of Maldives Limited) in the Republic of Maldives

(I FI C’s share in Bank of Maldives limited was subsequently sold to Maldives Govt. in

1992)

198 3 - Commenced operation as a full-fledged commercial bank in Bangladesh.

198 5 -Set up a joint venture Exchange Company in the Sultanate of Oman, titled

Oman Bangladesh Exchange Company (Subsequently renamed as Oman

I nternational Exchange, LLC)

198 7 - Set up its first overseas branch in Pakistan at Karachi, Pakistan.

1993- Set up its second overseas branch at Lahore, Pakistan.

199 4- Set up its first joint venture in Nepal, titled Nepal Bangladesh Bank Ltd.
199 9- Set up second joint venture in Nepal for lease financing, titled Nepal

Bangladesh Finance & Leasing Co. Ltd. (merged with NBBL in 2007).

20 0 3- Set up a new Bank in Pakistan, NDLC-I FI C Bank Ltd. (Subsequently renamed

as NI B Bank Ltd.) and the Overseas Branches of I FI C and a local leasing company,

NDLC were amalgamated with and into it.

20 0 5- Acquired MI SYS solution for real time online banking, I mplementation of

Core Risk Management.

20 0 7- Launched VI SA branded Credit Card (completed full range of Cards i.e. Debit,

Credit & Prepaid by 2010).

20 10 - Set up Off-shore Banking Unit (OBU).

20 11- Established a fully owned exchange company named I FI C Money Transfer

(UK) Ltd.

20 13- Achieved the landmark of BDT 100 billion deposit.

2.5 Bank’s Vision

I FI C Bank Ltd wants to be the preferred financial service provider through

I nnovative, sustainable and inclusive growth and deliver the best in class value to all

stakeholders.

2.6 Bank’s M ission

The mission of I FI C Bank Ltd. is to provide service to their clients with the help of a

skilled and dedicated workforce whose creative talents, innovative actions and

competitive edge make the bank’s position unique in giving quality service to all
institutions and individuals the bank care for. The bank is committed to the welfare

and economic prosperity of the people and the community, for that the bank derive

from them their inspiration and drive for onward progress to prosperity. I FI C Bank

wants to be the leader among banks in Bangladesh and make their indelible mark as

an active partner in regional banking operating beyond the national boundary. I n an

intensely competitive and complex financial and business environment, the bank

particularly focuses on growth and profitability of all concerned.

2.7 Cor e Values

I ntegr ity: Upholding integrity in all that we do, always, everywhere.

Fair ness: Striving to offer the best to our customers equitably with transparency.

I nnovation: Encouraging and nurturing creativity.

Com m itm ent: Committed to excellence in customer service and maximization of

stakeholders' value through teamwork.

2.8 Str ategic Pr ior ity

I FI C Bank has following Strategic Priority:

1. To strive for sound business growth by ensuring customer satisfaction through

quality and timely services

2. To manage and operate the Bank in the most efficient manner to ensure

achievement of goal

3. To maintain adequate capital flow to support further growth

4. To ensure effective and efficient risk management for sustainable business growth

5. To diversify loan portfolio through structured finance and expansion of Corporate,

SME, Agriculture and retail businesses

6. To mount state-of-the-art technologies and adopt innovative ideas for inclusion

7. To groom human resources for serving customers efficiently

8. To increase brand visibility by creating positive image of the Bank

9. To be a trend-setter in serving the society and remain responsive to the

environment

10. To ensure sound corporate governance

11. To facilitate mobility in banking by up-gradation of internet and Mobile Banking

12. To add value for all stakeholders.

2.9 M anagem ent Str uctur e

The thirteen members of the Board of Directors are responsible for the strategic

planning and overall policy guidelines of the Bank. Further, there is an Executive

Committee of the Board to dispose of urgent business proposals. Besides, there is an

Audit Committee in the Board to oversee compliance of major regulatory and

operational issues. The CEO and Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director and

Head of Divisions are responsible for achieving business goals and overseeing the day
to day operation. The CEO and Managing Director are assisted by a Senior

Management Group consisting of Deputy Managing Director and Head of Divisions

who supervise operation of various Divisions centrally and co-ordinates operation of

branches. Key issues are managed by a Management Committee headed by the CEO

and Managing Director. This facilitates rapid decisions. There is an Asset Liability

Committee comprising member of the Senior Executives headed by CEO and

Managing Director to look into all operational functions and Risk Management of the

Bank.

2.10 Or ganization H ier ar chy

M ANAGING DIRECTORS

SR. EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT

EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT

 SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT

VICE PRESIDENT

SENIOR ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT

ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT

SENIOR EXECUTIVE OFFICER

EXECUTIVE OFFICER

SENIOR OFFICER

OFFICER

ASSISTANT OFFICER

TRAINEE ASSISTANT OFFICER

2.11 Or ganogr am
3.1 D escr iption Of The Job

As an interne I had to perform numerous activities. My main task was to assist

officers and executives in every aspects of their daily work. I t includes every activity
that the officials performed like dealing with posting customers, computer posting,

document analysis etc.

3.2 Specific Responsibilities Of The Job

 Dealing with customers

 Assisting employees in their day to day operations

 Maintaining different registers

 Computer posting of transactions

 Sorting of Cheque, vouchers

3.3 D iffer ent Aspects Of Job Per for m ance

 I t helped me to learn banking activities

 I t has enhanced my knowledge

 I was able to complete almost every task successfully

3.4 Per sonal Obser vation

During this internship period, my overall observations at Tultikar Branch, Sylhet,

I FI C bank are as following:

 Office environment is not so much friendly for the customers as well as

employees.

 Tasks are never left pending for the next day unless it is absolutely necessary.

 Sometimes problem occurring due to delay submission of the official report

(missing the deadline)

 I had seen the harshness of the top management, Specially Of Branch manager

and principal officer of that branch of I FI C Bank for any simple mistake to me as

well as to any respected employee of the branch.

 The internal clash sustain between the personnel of same unit and other unit as

well.

 The huge discrimination of giving performance bonus or performance appraisal

by branch manager to the employees (some get high performance appraisal due to

the base on own region people rather than based on performance).

 Dissatisfaction between some personnel due to excess work load given by force to

them, specially to two respected female employee named Rina didi and Songkori

Didi. They faced excess work load.

 I have seen the reluctance among top two key personnel of the branch in making

learn something to another with a harsh manner.

3.5 Recom m endations For Tultikar Br anch, I FI C Bank

To recommend the branch there are certain areas where things can be improved.

First of all the work force are well but they are lesser in numbers so more people
should be hired in this branch. Another recommendation from my side is to upgrade

the computers, operating systems and software so that the work process could be

faster and better. I FI C Bank Limited has a bright future and they should move

forward with improving technology and methodology so that they can keep their

standards of excellence in banking.

4.1 I ntr oduction

Financial statement Analysis involves a comparison of a firm’s performance with that

of other firms in the same line of business, which usually is identified by the firm’s

industry classification. Here my analysis is based on three years (2011-2013)

performance analysis which is used to determine the bank’s financial position so as to

identify its current strengths and weakness and to suggest action the bank might

pursue to take advantage of the strength and correct any weakness.

4.2 Pr oject sum m ar y

Mainly here I want to show a vivid picture of financial performance of I FI C Bank

Limited and for this reason it is necessary to know how I FI C Bank is performing

through any specific financial performance analyzing tool. Since I have already

mentioned about the background of I FI C Bank Limited, so now to evaluate

performance I have gone through ratio analysis which will help to make proper

evaluation. Basically for analysis, I have chosen some ratios and gather the

information to calculate the ratios from income statement and balance sheet for last

three years. Lastly I have interpreted the result and recommended where the

improvement might take place.

4.3 Pr oject Analysis

Here I have used DuPont Ratios and other key performance analyzing ratios to

analyze the financial performance. The financial performance analysis of I FI C Bank is

given below:

4.3.1 Loans To Total D eposit

This is a commonly used statistic for assessing a bank's liquidity by dividing the

banks total loans by its total deposits. This number, also known as the LTD ratio, is

expressed as a percentage. I f the ratio is too high, it means that banks might not have

enough liquidity to cover any unforeseen fund requirements; if the ratio is too low,

banks may not be earning as much as they could be. These ratios are used to

determine whether a bank will be allowed to open or acquire a branch outside of its

home state, and this ratio is often used by policy makers to determine the lending

practices of financial institutions.

Loans to Deposit Ratio = Total Loans

Total Deposits
 Loans To D eposit Ratio

85.00%

80.00%

75.00%
Loans t o Deposit Rat io
70.00%

65.00%

60.00%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013

Figure 1 : Loans to Deposit Ratio

The loans to total deposit ratio of I FI C Bank was 70.89% in 2011 and increased to

84.82% in 2012 and then decrease significantly in 2013 to 79.65%. The growth in

2012 was caused by loans increasing faster than deposits. I t fell through 2011 and

2013 as deposits grew fast when compared to the year of 2012 , thereby improving the

bank’s liquidity position. I n 2011 and 2013, the loans to total deposit ratio fell

significantly, improving the bank’s liquidity standing. The falling was attributable to a

greater growth in deposits than loans, as compared to 2012. Total credits grew only

slightly as the bank become rather cautious in giving loans and assessing credit

worthiness because of the then on-going funds crisis. Comparatively a larger growth
in deposits (made possible by increasing interest on deposits) reduced the loans to

total deposit ratio.

4.3.2 Loans To Total Asset

The loans to assets ratio measure the total loans outstanding as a percentage of total

assets. The higher this ratio indicates a bank is loaned up and its liquidity is low. The

higher the ratio, the more risky a bank may be to higher defaults. I t is a commonly

used statistic for assessing a bank's liquidity by dividing the banks total loans by its

total assets.

Loans to Asset Ratio = Total Loans

Total Assets

Loans To Asset Ratio

Loans t o Asset Rat io

77.27%

64.88% 65.16%

Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013

Figure 2: Loans to Asset Ratio

The loans to total asset ratio of I FI C Bank was 71.27% in 2011 and decreased to

64.88% in 2012. The ratio dropped also in 2013 and turns into 65.16%. Assets as well

as loans increased as percentage comparing to 2011. This gave an upward trend of the
loans to total asset ratio and therefore a downward trend for liquidity. The ratio fell in

2012 as the bank went for expansion and bought new fixed assets. A big gap was

visible between asset and loan comparing to previous years. Despite a growth in total

credits as compared to 2011, loans as a percentage of total assets fell as a result at the

year 2013 also.

4.3.3 Cr edit Risk Ratios

Credit risk ratios are used to calculate the financial leverage of a company to get an

idea of the company's methods of financing or to measure its ability to meet financial

obligations. There are several different ratios, but the main factors looked at include

debt, equity, assets and interest expenses. I t measures the credit risk of the company

in terms of its dependence on debt financing versus equity financing. Cr edit r isk

r atios include equity to asset and equity to net loans r atio.

4.3.3.( a) Equity To Asset

The equity ratio is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of equity used to

finance a company's assets. I t is used to help determine how much shareholders

would receive in the event of a company-wide liquidation. The ratio, expressed as a

percentage, is calculated by dividing total shareholders' equity by total assets of the

firm, and it represents the amount of assets on which shareholders have a residual
claim. Here the figures used to calculate the ratio are taken from the I FI C Banks’

balance sheet.

Equity to Asset Ratio = Total Equity

Total Asset

7.28%

7.30%
7.00%
7.20%
7.10% 6.86%

7.00%
6.90%
6.80%
6.70%
6.60%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013

Equit y to Asset Rat io

Figure 3: Equity to Asset Ratio
The ratio follows a more or less cyclical trend from 2011 to 2013 with peaks in 2011

and dips in 2012 and 2013. The ratio was 7.28% in 2011. I n 2012 however, equity to

asset dropped to an unprecedented level that is 6.86%. The increase was caused

solely by the increase in owner’s equity. I t increased again in 2013 to 7.00%. The

reason was significant decrease of asset rather than equity.

4.3.3.(b). Equity To N et Loans

This ratio forms part of the capital and funding ratios of a bank, and measures a

company/ bank’s financial leverage by calculating the proportion of equity and debt
the company/ bank is using to finance its assets. Total equity covers total equity

reserves, total share capital and treasury stock. Net loans include loans to banks or

credit I nstitutions, customer net loans and loans to group companies.

Equity to Net Loan Ratio = Total Equity

Net Loans

Equity To Net Loans

10.80%

10.60%

10.40%

10.20%

10.00%

9.80%

9.60%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013
Equit y t o Net Loans 10.22% 10.02% 10.74%

Figure 4: Equity to Net Loan Ratio

The equity to net loans ratio of I FI C Bank was 10.22 % in 2011 and dropped to

10.02% in 2012. I t increased again to 10.74% in 2013. The fluctuations in the ratio

from 2011 to 2013 can be explained by changes in the manner of financing. Both the

total equity and net loans increase in 2013 which results in greater equity to net loans

ratio. But in 2012 and 2011, the net loans increased significantly which took the ratio

downward again.

4.3.4 Asset Activity Ratios

They are also known as asset management ratios or efficiency ratios and are used to

judge the efficiency in management of assets. Assets are employed to generate sales

for a financial institution and these ratios determine how well the asset is utilized to

efficiently generate or convert asset into sales. High asset turnover ratios are

desirable because they mean that the company is utilizing its assets efficiently to

produce sales. The higher the asset turnover ratios, the more sales the institution is

generating from its assets. I t consists of fixed asset tur nover and net asset

tur nover .

4.3.4. (a) Fixed Asset Tur nover

Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio calculates the value of revenue achieved per dollar of

investment. The fixed-asset turnover ratio measures a company/ bank's ability to

generate net sales from fixed-asset investments - specifically property, plant and

equipment (PP&E) - net of depreciation. A higher ratio indicates better asset

management and utilization and vice versa.

Fixed Asset Turnover = Revenue

Net Fixed Asset

The fixed asset turnover of I FI C Bank was 261.65% in 2011. Then it continuously

increased drastically to 271.49% in 2012 and 283.62% in 2013.

 Fixed Asset Turnover

285.00%

280.00%

275.00%

270.00%

265.00%

260.00%

255.00%

250.00%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013
Fixed Asset Turnover 261.65% 271.49% 283.62%

Figure 5: Fixed Asset Turnover

An unprecedented increase in fixed assets was responsible for this trend in 2013. A

possible reason for the increasing value of fixed assets was raising inflation. This

means that the new assets bought and recorded from 2012-13 were recorded at a

higher value, increasing the amount of fixed assets exponentially.

4.3.4 (b) N et Asset Tur nover

The net asset turnover ratio measures the ability of management to use the net assets

of the company/ bank to generate sales revenue. A well-managed company/ bank will

be making the assets work hard for the business by minimizing idle time for

machines and equipment. Too high a ratio may suggest over-trading, that is too much
sales revenue with too little investment. Too high a ratio may suggest under-trading

and the inefficient management of resources.

Net Asset Turnover = Revenue

Net Asset

Net asset turnover of I FI C Bank was 6.31% in 2011. From 2011 onwards, it had been

falling at different rates. I t fell to 5.51% in 2012 and 4.97% in 2013. I t dropped in

2012 due to a greater percentage increase in net assets compared to revenue. I n 2013

the ratio dropped drastically because of significant increase in net assets as well as

slight decrease in revenue. The downward trend of net asset turnover, which started

from 2012 and continued till 2013, can be explained by the increasing of net assets,

the rate of which is substantially greater than the rate of growth in revenue. Rapidly

growing fixed assets increased net assets, thus bringing down net asset turnover.

N et Asset Tur nover

7.00%
6.00%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013
Net Asset Turnover 6.31% 5.51% 4.97%

Figure 6: Net Asset Turnover

4.3.5 Retur n On Asset

ROA is an indicator of a company’s profitability. ROA is calculated by dividing a

company’s net income in a fiscal year by its total assets. I t is known as a profitability

or productivity ratio, because it provides information about the management's

performance in using the assets of the small business to generate income. ROA can be

used as a valuable tool to measure progress against predetermined internal goals, a

certain competitor, or the overall industry. ROA is also used by bankers, investors,

and business analysts to assess a company's use of resources and financial strength.

Return on Asset = Net Profit

Asset

Return on asset of I FI C Bank follows a cyclic trend. I t was .90% in 2011. I n 2012 it

increased to .98%. After the increase in 2012, it also increased again and turns into

1.03% in 2013. The falling in 2011, caused by an economic downturn, coupled with a

reduced interest spread and a lower net profit after tax, relative to total interest

revenue
 Retur n on Asset

1.05%

1.00%

0.95%
Ret urn on Asset
0.90%

0.85%

0.80%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013

Figure 7: Return on Asset

I n year 2013, total assets as well as net profit grew faster comparing to 2012 and

2011, causing the return on asset to rise during a period of high profitability. The

growth in assets resulted from a significant growth in total credit as well as fixed

assets. The return on asset drastically dropped in 2011 because profits took a huge hit

from the failing capital market and shrinking net interest margin. The interest spread

fell as interest on deposit soared, but the interest on loan could not increase as much

due to the lending cap.

4.3.6 Retur n On Equity

This ratio shows the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders

equity. Return on equity measures a company/ bank's profitability by revealing how

much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested. I t

indicates a firm's efficiency in applying common-stockholders' (ordinary-

shareholders') money.
Return on Equity = Net Profit
Equity

The return on equity of I FI C Bank was 12.44% in 2011. After that it started to increase

and became 14.41% in 2012. Then the ratio turns into 14.83% in 2013. The fall in

2011 was caused by a lower net profit margin resulting from a lower interest rate

spread and increased provisions and operating expenses. Profitability dropped due to

a domestic economic turndown, combined with the global economic crisis. The sharp

fall in 2011 is attributable to a combination of two factors. Firstly, a fall in return is

evident from the drop in the interest spread and net profit margin. Profitability

dropped due to an increase of interest on deposits and loss in capital market

investment.
 15.50%

15.00%

14.50%

14.00%

13.50%

13.00%
Ret urn on Equit y
12.50%

12.00%

11.50%

11.00%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013

Year

Figure 8: Return on Equity

4.3.7 Retur n On D eposit

This ratio shows the amount of net income returned as a percentage of total deposits.

Return on deposit measures a company’s profitability by revealing how much profit a

company generates with the money savers. I t indicates a company’s efficiency in

applying deposits (liabilities) to earn profit. Here I FI C Bank’s return on deposit of

last three years is as follows.

Return on Deposit = Net Profit

Total deposit
 Retur n On D eposit
1.40%

1.20%

1.00%

0.80%

0.60% Ret urn on Deposit

0.40%

0.20%

0.00%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013

Figure 9: Return on Deposit

Return on deposits of the I FI C Bank was .90% in 2011. I t slightly rose in 2012 to

1.22%. The ratio increased to 1.27% in 2013. The fall in 2011 was caused by a

substantial increase in deposits and even greater decrease in net profit. The fall in

net profit was caused by the stock market crash and the increase in return on

deposits, leading to a lower total income for the bank.

4.3.8 N et Pr ofit M ar gin

Here I FI C Bank’s profit margin of last three years is as follows.

Net profit Margin= Net income after tax/Total operating revenue

Net profit margin of I FI C Bank was 7.30% in 2011. I t rose in 2012 to 8.00%. The ratio

increased to 8.96% in 2013. The fall in net profit was caused by the stock market

crash and the increase in return on deposits, leading to a lower total income for the

bank.

N et Pr ofit M ar gin
10.00%

9.00%

8.00%

7.00%

6.00%

5.00%
Net Profit M argin
4.00%

3.00%

2.00%

1.00%

0.00%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013

Figure 10: Net profit Margin

4.3.9 Equity M ultiplier

Equity multiplier is measured by the following equation

Equity Multiplier = Total Assets/Total Equity Capital

 Equity M ultiplier

14.80%

14.60%

14.40%

14.20%
Equit y M ult iplier
14.00%

13.80%

13.60%

13.40%
Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013

Figure 11: Equity Multiplier

The equity multiplier of I FI C Bank was 13.87% in 2011. After that it started to

increase and became 14.80% in 2012. Then the ratio turns into 14.51% in 2013. The

fall in 2011 was caused by a lower net profit margin resulting from a lower interest

rate spread and increased provisions and operating expenses. Profitability dropped

due to a domestic economic turndown, combined with the global economic crisis.
5.1 Recom m endations

Some recommendations based on the Financial Per for m ance of I FI C Bank

Lim ited are given below-

 Before giving long-term loan a bank should consider that whether a bank has long

term deposit or not. Otherwise the bank will surely face the liquidity problem.

 A bank should increase the non-funded income in order to increase the operating

income ratio.

 After giving the loan to the customers, a banker should also perform certain duties

to the customers to decrease the bad debt problem. Like-monitoring, supervising

and follow up the loan that is taken by the customers.

 Bangladesh Bank should impose the rule of uniformity for all types of schemes. By

this way customers can decide from where they will receive service based on the

service quality and organizational environment.

 Director’s interference in case of giving loan should be lessening because in this

way risk may increase and bad debt may also increase.

 “Employee Recruitment Process”- should be done in a fare process so that

appropriate and talented employees are selected through the recruitment process

and increase the productivity and quality of the service.

 The most important thing that has come to my mind concerning their

promotional activities is that they should go for print or broad cast media for

advertisement to make their customer aware about their range of services and

make the strong place in the customers‟ mind.

 They should make their services decentralized rather than centralized, so that the

process of LC as well as the loan approval will not be time consuming. And they

will be able to give faster and updated service to the clients.

 They should give some power to the Branch Managers for sanctioning loans for

the purpose of foreign trade up to a certain limit. So that, they can provide loan to

their valuable clients when they are in shortfall of funds on emergency basis.

 They should increase the number of additional branches in all over the country

with the permission of Bangladesh Bank. Thus, the clients in every city can enjoy

their foreign trade from their own city.

5.2 Conclusion

Modern commercial banking is exacting business. The reward are modest, the

penalties for bad looking are enormous. And commercial banks are great monetary

institutions, important to the general welfare of the economy more than any other

financial institution. I FI C Bank Limited is one of the leading commercial banks in our
country. I n all economic condition of our country, I FI C Bank Limited has been

working with great confidence and competing tremendously with Government

oriented bank, local commercial banks along with the other multinational banks also.

I FI C Bank Limited always tried its level best to perform financially well. I n spite of

trying to do well in some aspects I FI C Bank Limited faced some financial problems

from time to time. Some of the problems were- excessive bad loans, shortage of loans

and advances, scarcity of cash in hands due to vault limit etc. These problems arouse

time to time due to economic slowdown, interest rate fluctuation, emerging capital

market, inflation in the money market and so on. Fighting with all these problems

and competing with other banks every moment the bank is trying to do better to best.

I f this thing continues we hope that I FI C Bank Limited will develop even more in the

future.
6.1 List Of Refer ences

To prepare this report I have collected data mainly from annual reports of I FI C Bank

Limited, different articles, journals, books etc regarding ratio analysis, the websites of

Bangladesh Bank and I FI C Bank Limited and others websites about ratio analysis.

The references are given below:

Ar ticles & Jour nals

 Tracy, John A. (2004). “How to Read a Financial Report: Wringing Vital Signs

Out of the Numbers”. John Wiley and Sons. p.173.

 Clausen, James. (2009). “Accounting 101 – Financial Statement Analysis in

Accounting: “Liquidity Ratio Analysis Balance Sheet Assets and Liabilities” ,

Journal of financial statement.

 Clausen, James. (2009), “Accounting 101 – I ncome Statement: Financial

Reporting and Analysis of Profit and Loss ‟, Journal of income statement.

 Clausen, James. (2009), “Basic Accounting 101- Asset Turnover Ratio: I nventory,

Cash, Equipment and Accounts Receivable Analysis‟, Journal of asset turnover

ratio.

 Diane, White. (2008), “Accounts Receivable: Analyzing the Turnover Ratio‟‟,

Journal of Account receivable.

 Hutchinson, James (2010), “Long Term Debt to Equity Ratio of a Business:

Understand a Company's Value to its I nvestors and Owners‟, Journal of long

term debt to equity ratio.

 Jenkins, Lucia. (2009). “Contribution Margin and Breakeven Analysis:

Determining when a Company will Realize a Profit ‟, Journal of contribution

margin and breakeven analysis.

 Marshall, D., McManus, W., Viele, D. (2003). Managerial Accounting and Cost-

Volume-Profit Relationships. Accounting: What the numbers mean”,New York.

 Nelgadde, Jo. (2010). “Debt Collection and Debt Recovery Tools: Using Ratio

Analysis‟, Journal of debt collection and debt recovery tools.

 Thachappilly, Gopinathan. (2009). “Profitability Ratios Measure Margins and

Returns:Profit Ratios Work with Gross, Operating, Pretax and Net Profits”.

Journal of Profitability ratio measure margin and return.

 Thachappilly, Gopinathan. (2009). “Financial Ratio Analysis for Performance

Check: Financial Statement Analysis with Ratios Can Reveal Problem Areas”.

Journal of financial ratio analysis for performance evaluation.

 Thachappilly, Gopinathan. (2009). “Liquidity Ratios Help Good Financial

Management: Liquidity Analysis reveals likely Short-Term Financial Problems”.

Journal of liquidity ratio analysis.

 Thachappilly, Gopinathan. (2009). “Debt Ratios Look at Financial

Viability/ Leverage: The Ratio of Debt to Equity Has I mplications for Return on

Equity”. Journal of debt ratios analysis.

 Zain, Maria. (2008). “How to Use Profitability Ratios: Different Types of

Calculations that Determine a Firm's Profits ‟‟, Journal of profitability ratio

analysis

Books

 Stanley, B. b., & Geoffrey, A. H . (2008 - 2009). Foundation of Financial

Management. I nternational: McGraw-Hill.

 Besley s and Brigham e.f (2010-2011),”Strategic planning and financing

decisions” . 14th Edition. Page 669-719 USA, Thomson Publication (South-

Western)

 Brigham, E. F., & Gapenski, L. C. (1995). I ntermediate Financial Management

(Fifth ed.). I nternational: The Dryden Press.

 Madura, J. (2008). Financial Market and I nstitution. USA: Thomson South-

Western.
 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E, & Kell, W. G. (1996). Accounting Principles (4th ed.).

New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, I nc. p.

800.

 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E, & D, Warfield Terry (2001). “I ntermediate

accounting: cash ratio analysis”. (10 th ed.). Bearcat Company, Vol-1.p.211.

 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E., & D, Warfield Terry (2001). “I ntermediate

Accounting: Return on assets ratio”. (10 th ed.). Bearcat Company, Vol-1.p.361.

 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E., & D, Warfield Terry (2001). “I ntermediate

Accounting: I nventory turnover ratio”. (10 th ed.). Bearcat Company, Vol-1.p.470.

 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E., & D, Warfield Terry (2001). “I ntermediate

Accounting: total asset turnover ratio”. (10 th ed.). Bearcat Company, Vol-1 p.572.

 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E., & D, Warfield Terry (2001). “I ntermediate

Accounting: Return on asset ratio”. (10 th ed.). Bearcat Company, Vol-1 p.572.

 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E., & D, Warfield Terry (2001). “I ntermediate

Accounting: Debt coverage ratio”. (10 th ed.). Bearcat Company, Vol-1 .p.734.

 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E., & D, Warfield Terry (2001). “I ntermediate

Accounting: Return on equity ratio”. (10 th ed.). Bearcat Company, Vol-1.p. 830.

 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E., & D ,Warfield Terry (2001). “I ntermediate

Accounting: Book value per share”. (10 th ed.). Bearcat Company, Vol-1.p. 831

 Weygandt, J. J, Kieso, D. E., & D, Warfield Terry (2001). “I ntermediate

Accounting: Earning per share”. (10 th ed.). Bearcat Company, Vol-1.p. 831
W ebsites

 Annual Reports of I FI C Bank Limited from 2011-2013. Available From:

< http:/ / nk.ificbank.com.bd > Viewed: 18 November, 2014

 I FI C Bank Financial I nfo. Available From: <

http:/ / www.bangladeshbank.org/ fnansys/ bankfi.php > Viewed: 22 October,2014

 Ratio Analysis of a bank. Available from:

< http:/ / www.activemediaguide.com/ busedu_banking.htm > Viewed: 25

November, 2014

 Measuring Financial Performance of a Bank. Available from:

< http:/ / www.shkfd.com.hk/ glossary/ eng/ RA.htm > Viewed: 2 January, 2015
7.1 Appendix