INTRODUCTION

Diplomacy is a critical component of international relations, and it involves the negotiation,

promotion, and management of international relations between two or more countries.

Diplomacy has evolved significantly throughout history, and over time, different forms of

diplomacy have emerged. Each type of diplomacy has its context of use, prevailing cultural,

social, and political circumstances, and strategies for achieving particular objectives. This paper

will examine the different types of diplomacy and how they are employed in different situations.

TYPES OF DIPLOMACY

1. Public Diplomacy

2. Economic Diplomacy

3. Defense Diplomacy

4. Cultural Diplomacy

5. Environmental Diplomacy

6. Cyber Diplomacy

7. Cooperation Diplomacy

8. Mediation Diplomacy

9. Smart Diplomacy

10. Track II Diplomacy

11. Shuttle Diplomacy

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12. Summit Diplomacy

13. Gunboat Diplomacy

14. Dollar Diplomacy

15. Parliamentary Diplomac

1. Bilateral diplomacy: This is the most common type of diplomacy, where negotiations take

place between two countries.

2. Economic diplomacy: Diplomacy that focuses on promoting trade and investment between

countries.

3. Federal governmental organizations, academics, and experts.

6. Soft or gentle diplomacy: Diplomacy that uses persuasion, negotiation, and cooperation

instead of force or coercion.

7. Multi-lateral diplomacy: Diplomacy that takes place between multiple countries, often

through international organizations such as the United Nations.

8. Summit diplomacy: Diplomacy that takes place between heads of state at a high-level

meeting, often to negotiate important agreements.

9. Shuttle diplomacy: This type of diplomacy entails a mediator traveling back and forth

between two parties who cannot meet directly.

10. Humanitarian diplomacy: Diplomacy that focuses on protecting and promoting human

rights, especially in areas affected by war or disasters.

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11. Digital diplomacy: Diplomacy that leverages social media and other digital platforms to

engage with citizens of other countries.

12. Crisis diplomacy: Diplomacy that focuses on resolving conflicts and crises between

countries.

13. Environmental diplomacy: Diplomacy that aims to negotiate and implement policies that

address global environmental challenges.

14. Sports diplomacy: Diplomacy that uses sports and athletic events to promote cultural

exchange and understanding.

15. Defense diplomacy: Diplomacy aimed at promoting military cooperation or joint military

exercises between countries.

CONCLUSION

Diplomacy has been the cornerstone of international relations for centuries, and the types of

diplomacy employed reflects the ever-evolving nature of the international system. The efficacy

of diplomacy often depends on the type of strategy employed in any particular situation. Bilateral

diplomacy is useful in managing relationships between two countries, and multilateral diplomacy

provides a platform for a broader range of participation in international affairs. Track II

diplomacy provides an alternative platform when official channels have broken down, while

public diplomacy is employed for promoting soft power, culture, and goodwill between nations.

Moreover, economic diplomacy and crisis diplomacy are critical in furthering country's

economic interests and conflict resolution. It is essential to understand the different types of

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diplomacy and to know which type to employ in a given situation to achieve an effective

outcome.

REFERENCES

Berridge, G. R. (2015). Diplomacy: Theory and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan.

Berridge, G. R. (2010). Diplomatic Theory from Machiavelli to Kissinger. Palgrave Macmillan.

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Rosenau, J. N. (2016). Globalization and Governance. Routledge.

Smith, K. E. (2019). International Relations Theory: Discipline and Diversity. Oxford University

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Viotti, P. R., & Kauppi, M. V. (2019). International Relations Theory: Realism, Pluralism,

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