Hematology Note:

Lesson 6: PLATELETS  Capable of protein synthesis.

 This is the last capable of endo mitosis.
PRODUCTION AND MATURATION

1. Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocyte
 Earliest recognizable form in EM
 40-120 um in diameter (due to continue as
 15-50 um diameter
endo mitosis)
 Makes up less <1% of all nucleated cells
 Nucleus:
in the BM
I. Multilobed
 Cytoplasm:
II. Nucleoli not visible
I. Basophilic
III. Deeply and variably condensed
II. With blunt protrusions
chromatin
 Nucleus:
 Cytoplasm:
I. Single and centrally located or
I. Azurophilic and granular
multiple with round and oval
 Alpha granules(+)
nuclei
 Dense granules(+)
II. Multiple distinct nucleoli
 DMS(+)
III. Fine and delicate chromatin
 N/C ratio:1:4
strands
 N/C ratio:3:1 Note:
Note:  It has no endo mitosis.
 Largest cell in the bone marrow
 The maturation sequence of Megakaryoblast
takes about 5 days.
 Platelets are produces directly to the 3.Metamegakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte cytoplasm.
 As the megakaryocyte matures, clusters of  Disintegrated cell surrounded by platelets
granules aggregate to form your platelets. Note:
 First maturation, which is the megakaryoblast,
the start of endo mitosis.  It sheds 2000-4000 of platelets

4.Platelets/Thrombocyte
2.Promegakaryocyte
 Cytoplasmic fragments of the megakaryocytes
 20-80 um diameter  1-4 um diameter
 Development of demarcating membranes  Light blue to purple
system(DMS)  Very granular
 Nucleus: I. ·Alpha granules
I. ·Intensely indented or lobulated II. ·Dense granules
II. ·Chromatin becomes coarse  Life span:8-11 days
 Cytoplasm:
I. ·Abundant Note:
II. ·Basophilic  The circulating platelets is 2/3 of the total
III. ·Granular platelets that is 70 to 80 percent.
 Alpha granules(+)  Stored platelets in spleen are 1/3 of the total
 Dense granules(+) platelets which is 20 to 30 percent.
 DMS(+)
 N/C ratio:1:2
PLATELET STRUCTURE SOURCE SUBSTANCE
ALPHA HMWK ( High Molecular Weight Kininogen)
A. Peripheral zone GRANULES Fibrinogen
Factor V
a. Glycocalyx (outer surface) Factor VII:vWF
Platelet factor 4
 Incorporate with gp la. Ib. Ic. lib. III. IV and V
Thrombospondin
 Provides surface for adhesion of coagulation Platelet-derived growth factor
factors 1,5,11,12 and 13 Beta-thromboglobulin
Riasminogen
b. Plasma membrane Alpha-2 antiplasmin
C1 esterase inhibitor
 Physical and chemical barrier
DENSE ADP
 Contains the sodium-potassium ATPase ionic GRANULES Calcium
pump Serotonin
 Contains phospholipid constituents  Sa Henry’s Book dinagdag yung
ATP tsaka Thyroid phosphate
c. Submembranous area

 Separates organelles from internal side of the FUNCTIONS:

platelet wall
 Platelets maintains the integrity of endothelial
cells
 Primary(temporary) plug for wounds
B. Sol-gel zone (maintains platelet discoid shaped)
A. Adhesion – sticking of platelets into the endothelial
 Microfilaments
surface
 actin and myosin or actomyosin or
thrombostenine B. Platelet release function- release of platelet
 responsible for clot retraction granules

 microtubules C. Platelet aggregation- aggregation of platelets to

platelets
 maintains the shape of platelets
-Mediators:

C. Organelle zone  ADP

 Thrombin
 Major portion of the cytoplasm  Thromboxane A2
 Alpha granules
 Dense granules D. Coagulation- activation of coagulation factors due
 Lysosomes – platelets vesicles that contains to release of platelet granules.
acid hydrolases
 Mitochondria- ATP synthesis for platelet
metabolism

D. Membrane system

 Surface connected canalicular system (Open

canalicular system)- this is the root for
substances ingested or release by your
platelets
 Dense tubular system- site of arachidonic acid
metabolism