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Arithmetic Laws PDF

The document discusses four arithmetic laws: 1) The Commutative Law states that the order of numbers does not change the result of addition and multiplication. 2) The Associative Law states that the grouping of numbers does not change the result of addition and multiplication. 3) Distributive Law deals with distributing numbers outside brackets to those inside brackets. 4) Examples are provided to demonstrate how to apply each law and calculate equations.

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918 views

Arithmetic Laws PDF

The document discusses four arithmetic laws: 1) The Commutative Law states that the order of numbers does not change the result of addition and multiplication. 2) The Associative Law states that the grouping of numbers does not change the result of addition and multiplication. 3) Distributive Law deals with distributing numbers outside brackets to those inside brackets. 4) Examples are provided to demonstrate how to apply each law and calculate equations.

Uploaded by

MJ :[
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Activity Sheet (Arithmetic Laws)

The Commutative Law:

The students will perform the following calculations

1) 5− 1 = 4
2) 1 – 5 = -1
3) 2 + 10 = 12
4) 10 + 2 = 12
5) 2 × 3 = 6
6) 3 × 2 = 6
7) 2 ÷ 1 = 2
8) 1÷ 2 = 0.5

The Commutative Law states that the order in which two real numbers are combined does not change their
answer.

Addition and multiplication are commutative.

Division and Subtraction are not commutative.

Addition is commutative

For example:

In the first innings of a cricket match Sam scored 57 runs and in the second he scored 29 runs. How
many runs did Sam scored altogether in the cricket match?

You can calculate the total number of runs scored by Sam in two ways.

57 + 29 = 86

29 + 57 = 86

If a and b are any two real numbers, then: a + b = b + a

57 + 29 = 29 + 57

Multiplication is commutative

For example: Amanda has 40 oranges to sell. She can package the oranges in five bags of eight
oranges, or eight bags of five oranges.

Hence. The following mathematical sentence is true.

5×8=8×5

If a and b are any two real numbers, then: a× b = b × a

The Associative Law

The students will perform the following calculations:


1) (5 – 1) − 3 = 1
2) (3−1) − 5 = -3
3) (2 + 10) + 3 = 15
4) (3 + 10) + 2 = 15
5) (2 × 3) × 4 = 24
6) (4× 3) × 2 = 24
7) (10 ÷ 2) ÷ 2 = 2.5
8) (2 ÷ 10) ÷ 2 = 0.1

The Associative Law states that the order in which three real numbers are combined does not change their
answer.

Subtraction and division are not associative.

Addition and multiplication are associative.

Addition is associative.

Mary scored 25 runs on Saturday, 47 runs on Sunday and 13 runs on Monday. How many runs did Mary
scored altogether?

You can calculate the number of runs Mary scored during the weekend, then add the runs she scored on
Monday.

(25 + 47) + 13 = 72 + 13 = 85

You can calculate the number of runs Mary scored at the beginning of the second week, then add it to the
number of runs she scored on Saturday.

25 + (47 + 13) = 25 + 60 = 85

If a, c and b are any three real numbers, then: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Multiplication is associative.

What is the volume of an aquarium with length 10cm, width 7 cm and height 8cm?

The volume of the aquarium in cm3, is given by the formula:

V = lwh

Where l = 10 cm, w = 7 cm and h = 8cm

Does it matter how you group the numbers when multiplying?

7 × 10 × 8 = 70 × 8 = 560

10 × 8 × 7 = 80 × 7 = 560

(10 x 7) x 8 = 560

10 x (7 x 8) = 560

Hence, the following mathematical sentence is true:

(10 x 7) x 8 = 10 x (7 x 8)

If a, c and b are any three real numbers, then: (a x b) x c = a x (b x c)


Distributive Law
The students will find the value of the following by applying the order of operations:

BEDMAS

1) 3 × (4 + 7) = 3 × 11 = 33
2) 3 × 4 + 3 × 7 = 12 + 21 = 33
3) 4 × (8 - 3) = 4 × 5 = 20
4) 4 × 8 + 4 × - 3 = 32 + - 12 = 20

Distributive Law:

The distributive law deals with the use of brackets. Here the number outside a bracket is used to
multiply all the numbers inside the bracket (distributed among the numbers in the brackets).

For examples:

3 × (4 + 7) = 3 × 4 + 3 × 7

= 12 + 21
= 33

4 × (8 - 3) = 4 × 8 + 4 × - 3 8 – 3 = 8 + -3

= 32 + - 12 = 20

Students will use the distributive law or otherwise calculate the following:

1) 2 × ( 5 + 3) = 2 × 8 = 16

2 × ( 5 + 3) = 2 × 5 + 2 × 3

= 10 + 6 = 16

2) 5 × (3 − 2) = 5 × 1 = 5
5 × ( 3 − 2) = 5 × 3 + 5 × −2 3 – 2 = 3 + - 2 = 15 + - 10 = 5
3) 2 x (5 – 6) = 2 × −1 = −2 5 - 6 = 5 + -6 = -1 2 × ( 5 − 6) = 2 × 5 + 2 ×
−6
= 10 + -12 = -2

4) 3 × (4 + 7) = 33

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