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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
866 viewsAnkit Goyal Signals and System Notes PDF
EXAM DOST CONTENT
Uploaded by
Fahad Ansari 20-296Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Lecture-02: Classification,
Representation & Operation on
Signals oA signal defined for ott valuer of time
ts catled os CT stgnak
+ PE we chosse 2 time inafamts &
the signal ts defined WE bfo 2
time tnstants then it ts Called as
cr signal:
. Anatog Signals: analogous to seal world cignals
tohtch are mostly continuous time:
o Such signalt are obtained from (cal phenomenon
using transducers fr me
x(t) ie lio coed,
‘ Analog Signo Mathematical notton conkinuity
de = de :
one te) oe re fCte)
FCe ts Continuo oF & = to
A continuous time signal need not be continucuF
in Mathematical tense Ls continuous me
b
Fa mathemakier, conbinuily ts gudged on te boats ne: tealerndah cally
iscontinuous ak
of variable on y-axis Ce these musk not be mmstants.
ang sudden yumps (mr volue of funckons:
Pr coe of signal , we ore fudging contmuity of.
variable along x-axis. © OT signals ove these which ave
only defined, a& discrete oufants
of time
+ Brdepenctent variable has clecerete
Valuer usually ueneforinly spaced:
e DT ctgnals ave derived from cr
signals by @ process catted ou
Sampling Suppose we note down the temperature at a particular place at 5 am every time, we
get a discrete time signal where n denotes the number of day.
blur any 2 samples thoe ts 31.2 308
9 30.
& detoy of 24 hrs:
3 28
21.5 uniform sampling > comple ave placed ak
Saal gape DP stqnal
Te: Samp Ling interval bho 2 ca%mples signal does not
exists a any trtant op
time:
fez 4: sampsing frequency
S Signal is a
(a) Time variant
(b) It is a physical phenomenon
(©) Conveys information
(@F All of the above are the examples of signal
(a) Human voice
(b) Electrical signals
(©) Voltage on telephone wires
(PF All of the above Ina signal, we can define the value of the signal at any instant of time?
(gf Continuous
(b) Discrete
(c) Botha and b
(d) None of the above Ina signal, we can’t define the value of the signal at any instant of time?
(a) Continuous
@F Discrete
() Botha and b
(d) None of the above Ifa signal x(t) does not have any definite values at certain points for certain values
oft’ but has a definite value at the remaining points, then the signal is said to be a-
(a) Non-periodic signal
(BF Piecewise continuous signal < continuous in smast te
(c) Deterministic signal a but in bw Some
(d) Random signal dusconkinutly Tight arse: The time system which operates with a continuous time signal and produces a
continuous time output signal is the
(@fCT system
(b) Lumped parameter system
(c) DT system
(d) Distributed parameter system X(t) =Sin(200nt). Calculate D.T.S if f, = 10Hz
DT signal: xt) = x Cv)
= sim (2e0n x 4
= sin (20mm)
=0
Qe multiple of T , Sine function wo ~5¢. Calculate D.TS if f, = 10Hz
signal xCnT) = xO%)
= 8 (%)
=, roost
=e resen tahon Sugn:
® ct signal
© equahon a a function of time © be means of waveform
x(t) = Lb ese x)
2
x( = lo cen Cloomt) os
t
© by means of a took up table
I, -@L , then te es amplefrcahon . —-
ch lat -ve volua > tue
° by takong modulus, the postion
of waveform above time
oxis remains ay it ¢s but
the postion below time axis
ts flipped about tlme axit: 0 When a poritive constamk vs added bo
or cubkracked from a segnal, the
signal shifts vertically.
tue constant added + up shift
x(t)+2
x(t)
+e constant sub! down 2
Shift eq [xce)-2|
L ferst shift & then moduluy
Ixcol - 2
4 Perse modulus & then shifting AAtaa
