Steel Structures - II

CIE 4115, 2022, Lecture 15

Moment Resistant Joints, Component method
M.Veljkovic, Dept. Engineering Structures
Group: Steel and Composite Structures

1
2022: Lecture 15, Moment resistant joints,
Component Method

Content
- Continuation from L14 (T-stub derivation)
- Distribution of forces, elastic vs. plastic analysis
- Basics of the Component method.
- Estimation of joint resistance
- Equivalent length of yield lines
- Importance of beam with semi-rigid joints
- Estimation of a joint stiffness.

Learning objective
- Explain basic terms and theoretical background related to the
component method and apply its basic principles for design of
brittle and ductile components in verification of joints.

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2022: Lecture 14

REFERENCE
Pages:

Ch 6.
p.235-247, 257-262, 268-277

JRC Ch.1 Joint

Chapter 3 p.134-186 characteristics
in frames
p.1-56

Reader 2022 Ch.3 Moment-

resistant joints
in frames
prEN1993-1-8:2021 Annex A p.1-52
p. 137-162

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JOINT BEHAVIOUR

4
CHARACTERIZATION OF JOINTS

5
COMPONENTS IN TENSION

6
COMPONENTS IN TENSION
EQUIVALENT T-SUB

Transfer of the tension

force by bending of the
column flange

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FAILURE MODES

FT ,Rd = min( FT ,1,Rd , FT , 2,Rd , FT ,1-2,Rd , FT ,3,Rd ) or min( FT ,1-2,Rd , FT ,3,Rd )

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SUMMARY OF FAILURE MODES,
prEN1993-1-8:2021
Table 8.2 Design tension resistance on a T-stub

FT ,Rd = min( FT ,1,Rd , FT , 2,Rd , FT ,1-2,Rd , FT ,3,Rd ) or min( FT ,1-2,Rd , FT ,3,Rd )

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MODELLING OF INTERNAL FORCE
DISTRIBUTION AT END PLATE CONNECTION

=F = F t1.R = Ft1.R
t1.R
= Fd = Fdt2.R < Fdt2.R
t2.R
= Fdt3.R d
< F t3.R < Fdt3.R
z1
z2 d d d
z3 £F £ F c.Rd
£ Fc.Rd c.Rd

plastic distribution elastic-plastic distribution elastic distribution

a) b) c)

Ductile components: Brittle components:

•plate in bending •bolts in shear
•column web in shear •bolts in tension
•column web in tension •welds
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COLUMN FLANGE IN BENDING

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 COMPONENTS IN TENSION
END-PLATE IN BENDING
• Equivalent T-stub flange is used to calculate resistance of the
components in bending:
• Column flange in transverse bending,
• Endplate in bending.
• Each bolt row in the tension zone is modelled by adopting an
effective length of an equivalent T-stub flange.

! eff
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ASSUMPTIONS: MINIMUM m AND leff

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ASSUMPTIONS: MINIMUM m AND leff
5d − 2d !"#$,&!"
𝑚≥ = 1,5𝑑 𝑚≥ '
= 2,1𝑑
2

Ft , Rd » 0.444 × d 2 × f ub
leff ,1 = leff , 2 = min(2p × m; 5.7 × m) = 5.7m
2M pl ,1,Rd 2 × 0.25 × 5.7m × t 2p × f yp / g M 0
FT ,1-2,Rd = = = 2.85 × t 2p × f yp
m m 14
 COMPARISON OF THE T-STUB
FAILURE MODES
• Thickness of the plate t and the lever arm m will
determine diameter d for a governing failure mode.

Ductility
requirment

t p £ 0.36 × d ×
f ub
f yp
1 2 3

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CRITICAL THICKNESS
ENDPLATE AND COLUMN FLANGE

f ub
ti ,crit = ki ,crit × d
f y ,i

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 PREDICTION OF A JOINT BEHAVIOUR

M experiment
M j.ult.exp

M j.ult.d M M
component prediction model using fu f
M j.Rd
M j.el
component design model using fy
Sj.ini

f Cd f

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 DESIGN VERIFICATION PROCEDURE
Frame Analysis

Designation of
the global
Cross-
Cross-section approach
Frame analysis section/member
class
verifications (E = elastic;
P = plastic)
Plastic Plastic P-P
Class 1 Elastic Plastic E-P
Elastic Elastic E-E
Elastic Plastic E-P
Class 2
Elastic Elastic E-E
Class 3 – Class 4 Elastic Elastic E-E

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 CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

• Type of joint model

see Table 7.1 EN1993-1-8:2021
(effect of joint behaviour on the analysis)

• Simple M=0

• Continuous,
effect of joint have no effect on global analysis

• Semi-continuous, behaviour of joints

needs to be taken into global analysis

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TYPE OF JOINT MODEL, prEN1993-1-8:2021

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A SEMI-RIGID BEAM, OPTIMIZATION IN L/2

• L=12m, q=24kN/m,
qL2
HEA360, S235 M pos = M neg =
qL2
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M pos =
24

Elastic global analysis

Strength criterion
450

400
Fully
Bending moment [kNm]

350 restrained
300 Designed
250 joint
200
Simply
supported
150
Series1
100 Sel =
6 EI
L
50

0
0 100 200 300 400
Joint stiffness [MNm/rad]
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A SEMI-RIGID BEAM, OPTIMIZATION IN L/2
• L=12m, q=24kN/m,
HEA360, S235

Serviceability criterion Elastic global analysis

100
5qL4
90 ysim =
384 EI Fully
80
Max. deflection [mm]

restrained
70
Designed
60 joint
50 Simply
40
supported
Limit L/250
30

20 qL4 Series1
yrig =
10 384 EI
0
0 100 200 300 400
Joint stiffness [MNm/rad]
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COMMON TYPES OF BEAM-TO-
COLUMN BOLTED JOINTS

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 CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS BY
STIFFNESS
Rigid if
EI b
S j ,ini ³ kb
Lb
k = 8 for braced frames
k = 25 for unbraced frames

Nominally
pinned if
EI b
S j ,ini £ 0.5
Lb
kb
for all frames if < 0.1
kc
semi-rigid joints
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 ELASTIC GLOBAL ANALYSIS

• Elastic global analysis may be used with connection

designed according to plastic theory if appropriate
stiffness is taken into account.
M
Sj,ini
Sj,sec
M j,ult
M j,el

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ELASTIC GLOBAL ANALYSIS

• Joints should be classified according to their stiffness

• For semi-rigid joints:

Ultimate limit state Serviceability state

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MOMENT-ROTATION CURVE
IDEALIZATION
M M M

Mj,Rd Mj,Rd Mj,Rd

2/3 Mj,Rd

S j,ini/ h
S j,ini S j,ini
S j,ini

Ø Ø Ø

Stiffness modification
parameter h
for elastic global analysis
In case of semi-rigid joints

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ASSEMBLING OF COMPONENTS

𝑘 𝑘 𝛿
𝛿!" = 𝛿# 𝛿$ 𝛿 𝛿% 𝛿& 𝛿!" = 𝛿% + 𝛿&

FRd = F1.Rd + F2.Rd FRd = min (F3.Rd ; F4.Rd )

k = k1 + k2 1
k=
1 1
+
k3 k 4
d Cd = min (d 1 ; d 2 ) k3 k4
k=
k3 + k4
d Cd = d 3 + d 4
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 COMPONENTS OF BEAM-COLUMN JOINT
1
keff =
1
åk eff . j zj
åi k
j
keq =
zeq
i

åk
2
eff . j zj
j
z eq =
åk j
eff . j zj

Column web panel in shear wp A4

F Column web in transverse compression cwc A5

• Deformation di = i
ki E Column web in transverse tension twc A6

åd i
Column flange in bending tfc A7

• Rotation f j = i
z = zeq End plate in bending tep A8
z
Bolts in tension t A13

• Stiffness
Mj Fi z 2
Fi z E z2
S j .ini = = = =
fj å d i Fi å 1 å 1 29
z E ki ki
ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS RATIO

E z2
S j .ini = Modelling of joints
1
µå
ki

• Stiffness ratio: Ch. 7.2.6 prEN1993-1-8

Type of connection y
Welded 2,7
Bolted end-plate 2,7
Bolted angle flange cleats 3,1
Base plate connections 2,7

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LIST OF COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN
prEN1993-1-8:2021

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2022: Lecture 15, Moment Resistance Joints,
Component method

Questions
• What is the T-stub connection and which parameters
influence it’s resistance?
• What are characteristics of semi-rigid joints?
• Which are brittle/ductile components of joints?
• What is the component method based on?
• What is a yield line?
• What are prying forces and when they appear?

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LIST OF COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN
EN1993-1-8
No Component

Ft,Ed

8 Beam web in tension

Ft,Ed Ft,Ed

9
Plate in tension or
compression
Fc,Ed Fc,Ed

Ft,Ed
10 Bolts in tension Ft,Ed

Fv,Ed

11 Bolts in shear

Bolts in bearing (on beam

12 flange, column flange, end-
Fb,Ed
plate or cleat)

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