Chapter 1: Sample Questions, Problems and Solutions
Bölüm 1: Örnek Sorular, Problemler ve Çözümleri
Örnek Sorular (Sample Questions):
• What is the computer network?
• What is the distributed system?
• What is resource sharing?
• What is the client-server model?
• What is Broadcast network?
• What are Point-to-point networks?
• What are broadcasting, multicasting and unicasting?
• What is LAN?
• What is MAN?
• What is WAN?
• What is a communication subnet or subnet for short? Give an example?
• What is host?
• What is a protocol?
• What are the peers?
• What is physical medium?
• What is an interface?
• Draw an architecture which relates layers, protocols and interfaces?
• What is a protocol stack?
• What is a header?
• Draw an architecture which relates between the virtual and actual communication and
the difference between protocols and interfaces.
• What is an addressing?
• What is an error control?
• What is a flow control?
• What is a multiplexing?
• What is a demultiplexing?
• What is a routing?
• What is a connection-oriented service?
• What is a connectionless service?
• What is a datagram service?
• What is an acknowledged datagram service?
• What is a request-reply service?
• What are the service primitives?
• Draw an architecture which relates between a service and a protocol.
• What is OSI reference model?
• What is a TCP/IP reference model?
• What is an ATM reference model?
• What is a Hybrid model?
• What is a physical layer?
• What is a data link layer?
• What is a network layer?
• What is a transport layer?
• What is a session layer?
• What is a presentation layer?
• What is an application layer?
Örnek Problemler ve Çözümleri (Sample Problems and Solutions):
(Cpt.1, Problem 6-1)
A client-server system uses a satellite network, with the satellite at a height of 40,000 km.
What is the best-case delay in response to a request?
ANS:
The request has to go up and down, and the response has to go up and down. The total
path length traversed is thus 160.000 km. The speed of light in air and vacuum is
300,000 km/sec, so the propagation delay alone is 160,000/300,000 sec or about 533 msec.
(Cpt.1, Problem 6-2)
A client-server system uses a satellite network, with the satellite at a height of 15,000 km.
What is the best-case delay in response to a request?
ANS:
The request has to go up and down, and the response has to go up and down. The total
path length traversed is thus 60.000 km. The speed of light in air and vacuum is 300,000
km/sec, so the propagation delay alone is 60,000/300,000=0,2 sec or about 200 msec.
(Cpt.1, Problem 6-3)
A client-server system uses a satellite network, with the satellite at a height of 75 000 km.
What is the best case delay in response to a request?
ANS:
The request has to go up and down, and the response has to go up and down. The total
path length traversed is thus 300 000 km. The speed of light in air and vacuum is 300
000 km/sec, so the propagation delay alone is 300 000 / 300,000 = 1 sec.
(Cpt.1, Problem 11)
What are two reasons for using layered protocols?
ANS:
Among other reasons for using layered protocols, using them leads to breaking up the
design problem into smaller, more manageable pieces, and layering means that
protocols can be changed without affecting higher or lower ones.
(Cpt.1, Problem 13)
What is the principal difference between connectionless communication and connection-
oriented communication?
ANS:
Connection-oriented communication has three phases. In the establishment phase a
request is made to set up a connection. Only after this phase has been successfully
completed can the data transfer phase be started and data transported. Then comes the
release phase. Connectionless communication does not have these phases. It just sends
the data.
(Cpt.1, Problem 28-1)
An image is 1024x768 pixels with 3 bytes/pixel. Assume the image is uncompressed. How
long does it take to transmit it:
a) over a 56-kbps modem channel?
b) over a 1-Mbps cable modem?
c) over a 10-Mbps Ethernet?
d) over 100–Mbps Ethernet?
ANS:
The image is 1024x768x3 bytes or 2,359,296 bytes. This is 18,874,368 bits.
a) At 56,000 bits/sec, it takes about 337.042 sec.
b) At 1,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 18.874 sec.
c) At 10,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 1.887 sec.
d) At 100,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 0.189 sec.
(Cpt.1, Problem 28-2)
An image is 800x600 pixels with 3 bytes/pixel. Assume the image is uncompressed. How
long does it take to transmit it:
a) over a 56-kbps modem channel?
b) over a 1-Mbps cable modem?
c) over a 10-Mbps Ethernet?
ANS:
The image is 800*600*3 bytes=1440000 bytes=11520000 bits.
a) At 56,000 bits/sec, it takes about 11520000 bits / 56,000 bits/sec =205,714 sec.
b) At 1,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 11520000 bits / 1,000,000 bits/sec =11,52 sec.
c) At 10,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 11520000 bits / 10,000,000 bits/sec =1,152 sec.
(Cpt.1, Problem 28-3)
An image is 1000x800 pixels with 3 bytes/pixel. Assume the image is uncompressed. How
long does it take to transmit it:
a) over a 64-Kbps modem channel?
b) over a 1-Mbps cable modem?
c) over a 10-Mbps Ethernet?
Note: For calculations take 1-Kb = 1000 bits and 1-Mb = 1000000 bits.
ANS:
The image is 1000*800*3 bytes=2400000 bytes = 19200000 bits.
a) At 64000 bits/sec, it takes about 19200000 bits / 64000 bits/sec =300 sec.
b) At 1000000 bits/sec, it takes about 19200000 bits / 1000000 bits/sec =19,2 sec.
c) At 10000000 bits/sec, it takes about 19200000 bits / 10000000 bits/sec =1,92 sec.
(Cpt.1, Problem 27)
How long was a bit on the original 802.3 standard in meters? Use a transmission speed
of 10 Mbps and assume the propagation speed in coax is 2/3 the speed of light in
vacuum.
ANS:
The speed of light in coax is about 200,000 km/sec, which is 200 meters/µsec.
At 10 Mbps, it takes 0,1 µsec to transmit a bit.
Thus, the bit lasts 0,1 µsec in time, during which it propagates 20 meters.
Thus, a bit is 20 meters long here.
(Cpt.1, Page 16)
Classify the interconnected processors by scale.
ANS:
Interprocessor distance Processors located in same Example
1m Square meter Personal area network
10 m Room
100 m Building Local area network
1 km Campus
10 km City Metropolitan area network
100 km Country Wide area network
1000 km Continent
10 000 km Planet The internet
