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Design and Construction of 5KVA Solar Power Inverter System

Article in International Journal of Engineering Management and Economics · February 2022

DOI: 10.35629/5252-040213551358

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 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 2 Feb 2022, pp: 1355-1358 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

Design and Construction of 5KVA Solar

Power Inverter System
1
YahayaYunisa, 2Zhimwang J.T., 3Ibrahim Aminu, 4SHAKA
1
O. S. and 5Frank L.M
Department of Electrical/Electronics Technology, Kogi State College of Education (Technical) Kabba,Kogi
State, Nigeria
2
Department of Physics, Federal University Lokoja, Nigeria
3
Centre for Satellite Technology Development, Abuja, Nigeria
4
Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun,Nigeria.
5
International Institute of Tourism and Hospitality, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

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Submitted: 10-02-2022 Revised: 22-02-2022 Accepted: 25-02-2022
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ABSTRACTS momentary voltage drops are therefore
This paper presents the design and construction of common(Tourkhani et al., 2009; Apeh and Olaye,
5kva solar power inverter system. The solar 2015). This power disturbance often affect the
panelswere installed free from trees/building shade performance of sensitive equipment in private and
and aligned to receive maximum sun rays at 450 public organization causing loss of data and even
North-East. The panels were then connected to the damage to equipment. Also, over the years there
charge controller and the circuit was wired to the has been an increase in the earth’s population
battery.It was observed that 7.8 % of the total which is directly proportional to the energy used as
output power was lost during the testing and well (Erol-Kantarci and Mouftah, 2011). With the
measurements which resulted from components depleting of fossil fuel reserves, it becomes
used. The output voltage (VOUT) for both expected necessary to identify viable renewable energy
and achieved values of the solar cell is 100V, the resources like solar that can decrease the
output current (IOUTPUT)for the inverter is 10A for dependency on fossil fuels as well as reducing the
expected value and 9.7A for the achieved value. high demands of power supply. Solar energy is the
The inverter wasusedextensively with different most abundant form of energy available to us. It is
appliances of diverse power or wattage. However, approximated that 10000 TW worth of solar energy
care was taken not to overloadtheinverterbeyond its is incident on earth’s surface in a day (Bosshard,
maximum power rating of 5kva.Based on testing 2006).
and measurements during operation, the inverter Previously, Mouftah (2011) worked on
has relatively small output resistance and low construction and implementation of 50 Walt
power consumption for its circuitries while inverter. It was found that, the production of solid
delivering optimal output power depending on the state inverters which provides environmentally
wattage of the load. friendly alternating for un-interruptible power
Keywords: Solar Panel, Battery, Charge Controller supply for the working of different gadgets and for
and inverter suitable economy. It was further revealed that, this
study is thus anchor on this makeup 50watt
I. INTRODUCTION inverter. For provision of power using locally
It is a known fact that electric power sources 25Ah 12colts deep cycle batting. Oscillator
supply is not reliable in most African countries determined MOSFETs and a transformer along
most especially in Nigeria. There is a significant with other electronic components. In building an
electrical power supply interruption. Consequently, inverter for the conversation of direct current (DC)
many electrical instruments develop faults or even to alternating currents (AC) at a normal frequency
stopped working entirely. Therefore crippling of 10HZ, due consideration is given to the
many businesses and affecting the economy. Also switching speed of the oscillator used to make sure
there is increased occurrence of power supply that the MOSFETs in their two channels operates
disturbance, which can be viewed as a form of in their saturation and cut-off state when
power pollution. High voltage spikes and
DOI: 10.35629/5252-040213551358 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1355
 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 2 Feb 2022, pp: 1355-1358 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

appropriately driven by oscillator outputs in a way converter that changes direct current (DC) to
to complement each other. alternating current (AC). It performs the opposite
Also, Apeh and Olaye(2010) worked on function of a rectifier that converts AC to DC
design and construction of 100-watt power inverter. (Messenger and Ventre, 2004).The inverter system
It was revealed that, electricity has great control has severalstages such as the oscillator, the
over the most daily activities for instance in amplifier, the switching and the transformer stages
domestic and industrial utilization of electric power which work together to achieve the desired AC
for operation. The result shown that, electricity can output. These stages of the inverter systems are so
be generated from public support to different ways designed to produce output with the desired
including the use of water, wind and steam energy frequency, phase and voltage which are compatible
to drive the turbine as well as more recently the use with that required in household appliances and in
of gas generator astral energy and nuclear energy industries (Alumona et al., 2016)
are as well source of electricity.
The use of solar energycan be maximize II. METHODOLOGY
using a backup device such as inverter. Optimum Components used: Solar panels, charge controller,
utilization of solar energy becomes important so as batteries, and inverter which comprises of
to cut cost in terms of the number of batteries transformer, capacitors, relays, resistors, and
required and to prolong the battery life span in diodes.
terms of the depth of discharge while in use (Apeh
and Olaye, 2015).Inverter is an electrical power

Figure 1: Block diagram of a 5kva solar inverter

Solar Panel composition of solar cells, the electrons are

The solar panel is basically a pn junction only allowed to move in a single direction.
diode that converts sunlight directly to electricity. iii. An array of solar cells converts solar energy
The working principle of solar panel is based on into a usable amount of direct current (DC)
the photovoltaic effect. In general, the photovoltaic electricity.
effect means the generation of a potential For this study, Four (4) solar panels of 250 watts
difference at the junction of two different materials each were used to produce 5000W(5kva) of
in response to visible or other radiation. The solar electricity and the energy that was produced
panel works in three steps was stored in the batteries for use during the
i. Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are cloudy/ rainy weather. The wattage of the
absorbed by semiconducting materials, such as Solar Panels was estimated as follows:
silicon. 5000W/day ÷ 7 sun hours/day = 714.3W
ii. Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked 714.3W ÷ 0.8 (system losses) =893W
loose from their atoms, causing an electric 893/250 = 3.57(approximately 4 Solar panels of
potential difference. Current starts flowing 250watts each)
through the material to cancel the potential and
this electricity is captured. Due to the special Charge Controller

DOI: 10.35629/5252-040213551358 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1356
 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 2 Feb 2022, pp: 1355-1358 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

The charge controller is an electronic The inverter design starts with fabricating
voltage regulator that was used to limit the rate at a step-up transformer. A step-up transformer is a
which electric current was being drawn in or out of type of transformer use for increasing voltage
the batteries. This charge controller turns off when supply to a circuit. The step up transformer consists
the battery reaches the maximum charging point of two coils called the primary and secondary coils,
and turns on when it goes below certain level. It wounded round a soft iron core that was made of
fully charges the battery without permitting over sheets of soft iron (Theraja and Theraja, 2005). The
charge while preventing reverse current flow. Over secondary coil of this type of transformer is
voltage may reduce the battery performance or however greater than the number of turns in the
lifespan, and may pose a safety risk. This charge primary coil. The primary winding of this step-up
controller shows system operation parameters, transformer is 24V-DV-24V and the secondary
battery status and protection from over discharge. winding is a bifilar winding of 240V. The
The charge controller monitors the electricity alternating current which entered into each end of
produced by the solar panel and then regulates the the primary winding induced a alternating current
electricity that was used to charge the batteries and at 50Hz in the secondary winding of the
prevent them from becoming over charged. transformer and the alternating current voltage is
Battery stepped up by thetransformer causing it to become
Without the battery, the system could only 240V. The output voltage of the secondary winding
power when the sun is shining. The power would is transferred to the socket outlet of the output of
interrupt each time the cloud passes, the system the inverter system (Theraja and Theraja, 2005).
would become very frustrating. The solar battery Output power of the Transformer:
provided constant electricity and the load Output power = VS IS Cosθ Watt
discharges 80% of its charge. The batteries are the (1)
heart of the system and were available in different Where V s = Secondary voltage of the transformer,
voltages and various amp-hour ratings depending Is = Secondary current of the transformer and Cosθ
on the requirement of the system. The battery = Power factor
voltage was kept at above 50% state of charge for But Ps = Is Vs
maximum battery life. Should the battery is contain (2)
wet cells then it would be good to keep the Ps = 2000VA and V s = 220V using (2) Is = 9.1A.
battery’s electrolyte level to the indicated level and Using (1) Cosθ =0.9
never let the plates be exposed above the From (1) power factor = 1802 watts.
electrolyte. Only distilled water could be used to From (2) the output power rating (VA) in terms of
refill the batteries, over watering dilutes the acid the power factor is
excessively and electrolytes would be expelled Output power (Watt)
when charging.For this study, the required power is output power VA =
Cosθ
5000W. Therefore, the battery capacity was = 2002VA = 2.002 × 10−3 MVA
estimated as follows
Battery Capacity Ah III. RESULTS
Total Watt − hour required × Days of autonomy The results were obtained using a digital
=
0.85 × 0.6 × nominal battery voltage multimeter and the values obtained were compared
5000 × 2 with the expected values.
= = 816.9Ah
0.85 × 0.6 × 24
Inverter
Table 1: Measurement and testing of an inverter and solar cell
Measurements Expected values Achieved Values
VOUTPUTfor Solar cell 100V 100V
POUTPUT for solar Cell 150W 150W
VOUTPUT for inverter 220V 220V
IOUTPUT for inverter 10A 9.7A
POUTPUT for inverter 5kva 4.83Kva
Frequency 50Hz 50Hz

DOI: 10.35629/5252-040213551358 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1357
 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 2 Feb 2022, pp: 1355-1358 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

Table 2: Measurement of operational time of the inverter with different Load

S/No Appliance description Appliances Runtime
Wattage
1 TV Set, DVD Player and 1360W 15hrs 25 mins
home theatre
2 Electric Coker 2800W 9hrs 7Mins
3 Electric iron 2200W 10hrs 2Mins
4 5 lighting bulbs (200W 1750W 13hrs 36mins
each), Standing Fan and
Computer system
4 Washing Machine 900W 20hrs 5mins

IV. DISCUSSION [2]. Apeh S.T. & E. Olaye (2015). Design and
Table 1 presents the measurement and Construction of A 5kva Power Inverter with
testing of the inverter and solar cell. TheAC Output Real Time Automated Power Consumption
voltage from the inverter is 220V with sine wave Management System. African Journal of
and the frequency is 50Hz. It was observed that 7.8 Computing & ICT.8(2). Pp. 203-215
% of the total output power was lost during the [3]. Bosshard, P. (2006). An Assessment of
testing and measurements which resulted from Solar Energy Conversion Technologies and
components used. As shown in table 1, the output Research Opportunities.Standforduniversity.
voltage (VOUT) for both expected and achieved Retrieved from Stanford.edu.
values of the solar cell is 100V, the output current [4]. Erol-Kantarci, M., &Mouftah, H. T. (2011)
(IOUTPUT)for the inverter is 10A for expected value “Wireless Sensor Networks for Cost-
and 9.7A for the achieved value. The inverter Efficient Residential Energy Management in
wasusedextensively with different appliances of the Smart Grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart
diverse power or wattage as presented in table 2. Grid.2(2).pp 314-325.
However, carewas taken not to [5]. Messenger R. A &Ventre J. (2004),
overloadtheinverterbeyond itsmaximum power Photovoltaic Systems Engineering, Second
rating of 5kva as thiscould lead to the Edition, pp 190-245
inverterdamage. It was observed that the inverter [6]. Theraja A.K and Theraja B.L
has relatively small output resistance and low (2005).Electrical Technology.Multicolor
power consumption for its circuitries while Edition. S Chand And Company Ltd, Ram
delivering optimal output power depending on the Magar, New Delhi. pp 1116 -1123
power requirements of the load. [7]. Tourkhani F., P. Viarouge and T. A.
Meynard (2009). A simulation optimization
V. CONCLUSION system for the optical design of a multilevel
Design and construction of 5kva solar inverter” IEEE Transactions on Power
power inverter system was carried out with the Electronics, vol.14, no.6, pp. 1037–1045
solar panels installed free from trees/building shade
and aligned to receive maximum sun rays at 450
North-East. The panels were then connected to the
charging controller and the circuit was wired to the
battery.The output current (IOUTPUT)for the inverter
is 10A for expected value and 9.7A for the
achieved value. The inverter wasusedextensively
with different appliances of diverse power or
wattage.

REFERENCES
[1]. Alumona T.L., &Nwalozie G.C., &Ufoaroh
S.U. &Alade T. A. (2016). Design and
Construction of an RF Remote Control 5kva
Inverter System.International Journal of
Computer Science and Mobile
Computing.5(4). 570-583

DOI: 10.35629/5252-040213551358 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1358

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