ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES FOR

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS
Revised by: Redwaynne Jester T. Ipapo
CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM
Sampling Distribution For the Sample Mean For Sample Proportion

𝑋ത − 𝜇 𝑝Ƹ − 𝑝
𝑍=
Limiting Form by CLT 𝑍= 𝜎 𝑝𝑞
𝑛 𝑛

Mean 𝜇𝑋ത = 𝜇 𝜇𝑝ො = 𝑝

𝜎 𝑝𝑞
Standard deviation 𝜎𝑋ത = 𝜎𝑝ො =
𝑛 𝑛

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 EXAMP
When a production machine is properly calibrated, it requires an average of 26 seconds per
unit produced, with a standard deviation of 3 seconds. For a simple random sample of n = 36
units,
a. What is mean (𝜇𝑋ത ) and the standard deviation (𝜎𝑋ത ) of the sampling distribution?
b. what is the probability that the mean for a simple random sample of this size will be
at least 26.2 seconds?
c. what is the probability that the mean for a simple random sample of this size will be
between 24 seconds and 30 seconds?

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 EXAMP
When a production machine is properly calibrated, it requires an average of 26 seconds per
unit produced, with a standard deviation of 3 seconds. For a simple random sample of n = 36
units,
a. What is mean (𝜇𝑋ത ) and the standard deviation (𝜎𝑋ത ) of the sampling distribution?

𝜎
𝜎𝑋ത =
𝜇𝑋ത = 𝜇 = 26 𝑠 3 𝑛
=
36
3
= = 0.5 𝑠
6
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 EXAMP
When a production machine is properly calibrated, it requires an average of 26 seconds per
unit produced, with a standard deviation of 3 seconds. For a simple random sample of n = 36
units,
b. what is the probability that the mean for a simple random sample of this size will be at
least 26.2 seconds?
𝑃 𝑋ത ≥ 26.2
= 𝑃 𝑧 ≥ 0.4
𝑋ത − 26.2 − 26 = 1 − 𝑃 𝑧 ≤ 0.4
𝜇
𝑍= = 0.4
𝜎 = 3
= 1 − 0.6554
𝑛 = 0.3446
36

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 EXAMP
When a production machine is properly calibrated, it requires an average of 26 seconds per
unit produced, with a standard deviation of 3 seconds. For a simple random sample of n = 36
units,
c. what is the probability that the mean for a simple random sample of this size will be
between 24 seconds and 30 seconds?
𝑋ത − 24 − 26 𝑃 24 < � < 30
𝜇 �
ത
𝑍 = 𝑋ത 𝜎 −𝜇 =
3
𝑛 36

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 EXAMP
30 − = 4 = <𝑧<4
26𝑍 = 𝜎 = − = 𝑃(𝑧 < 4) − 𝑃 𝑧 < −4
�3 =4 4
− 𝑛 = 0.9999 − 0.0001
�
36 = 0.9998 approx.

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 EXAMP
In a survey, 500 parents were asked about the importance of sports for boys and girls.
The population proportion of parents that agreed that genders are equal and should have
equal opportunities to participate in sports is 55%.
a. What is the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution?
b. What is the probability that the proportion of parents from the sample that agreed
that genders are equal and should have equal opportunities to participate in sports is
more than 60%?
c. What is the probability that the proportion of parents from the sample that agreed
that genders are equal and should have equal opportunities to participate in sports is
between 52% to 57%?

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 EXAMP
In a survey, 500 parents were asked about the importance of sports for boys and girls.
The population proportion of parents that agreed that genders are equal and should have
equal opportunities to participate in sports is 55%.
a. What is the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution?

𝜇𝑝ො 𝜎𝑝ො = 𝑝𝑞
= 𝑝 = 0.55 𝑛
0.55 0.45
= 500

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EXAMP
= 0.0222

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 EXAMPLES
In a survey, 500 parents were asked about the importance of sports for boys and girls.
The population proportion of parents that agreed that genders are equal and should have
equal opportunities to participate in sports is 55%.
b. What is the probability that the proportion of parents from the sample that agreed
that genders are equal and should have equal opportunities to participate in sports is
more than 60%?
𝑃 𝑝 > 0.60
= 𝑃 𝑧 > 2.25
� − 𝑝 0.60 − 0.55 = 1 − 𝑃 𝑧 < 2.25
� = = 2.25 = 1 − 0.9878
𝑍= 0.55 0.45
𝑝𝑞 = 0.0122
500
𝑛
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 EXAMPLES
In a survey, 500 parents were asked about the importance of sports for boys and
The population proportion of parents that agreed that genders are equal and should have
equal opportunities to participate in sports is 55%.
c. What is the probability that the proportion of parents from the sample that agreed
that genders are equal and should have equal opportunities to participate in sports is
between 52% to 57%?
𝑝− 0.52 − 0.55 𝑃 0.52 < < 0.57
𝑝 𝑝
𝑍= = = −1.35 = 𝑃 −1.35 < 𝑧 < 0.90
𝑝𝑞 0.55 0.45 = 𝑃(𝑧 < 0.90) − 𝑃 𝑧 < −1.35
𝑛 500 = 0.8159 − 0.0885
� − 𝑝 0.57 − 0.55 = 0.7274
� = = 0.90
𝑍 = 𝑝𝑞 0.55 0.45
𝑛 500
 EXAMPLES
CalCulator Company (CCC) produces calculators that has a mean lifespan of 66
months
with a standard deviation of 7.4 months. A random sample of 49 calculators:

b. What is the probability that the sample mean lifespan of calculators from CCC will be
less than 67.5 months?
c. What is the probability that the sample mean lifespan of calculators from CCC will be
between 63 and 68 months?

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 EXAMPLES
CalCulator Company (CCC) produces calculators that has a mean lifespan of 66
months
with a standard deviation of 7.4 months. A random sample of 49 calculators:

7.4
𝜎𝑋ത
𝜇𝑋ത = 𝜇 = 66 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠 49
=
7.4
=
49
7.4
= = 1.0571 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠
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 EXAMPLES
CalCulator Company (CCC) produces calculators that has a mean lifespan of 66
months
7
with a standard deviation of 7.4 months. A random sample of 49 calculators:

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 EXAMPLES
CalCulator Company (CCC) produces calculators that has a mean lifespan of 66
months
b. What is the probability that the sample mean lifespan of calculators from CCC will be
less than 67.5 months?

𝑃 𝑋ത < 67.5
= 𝑃 𝑧 < 1.42
𝑋ത − 67.5 − 66 = 0.9222
𝜇
𝑍= 𝜎 = = 1.42
7.4
𝑛 49

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 EXAMP
CalCulator Company (CCC) produces calculators that has a mean lifespan of 66 months
with a standard deviation of 7.4 months. A random sample of 49 calculators:
a. What is the probability that the sample mean lifespan of calculators from CCC will be
between 63 and 68 months?

𝑋ത − 63 − 66 𝑃 63 < � < 68
𝜇 �
ത
𝑍= �ത 𝜎 = 66
7.4
𝑛 49
� −𝜇 68 −
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 EXAMP
= = 8 < 1.89
−2.84 − 4 � = 𝑃(𝑧 < 1.89) − 𝑃 𝑧 < −2.84
� 2 � = 0.9706 − 0.0023
� . <
= 0.9683
𝑍= 𝜎 = = 1.89
7.4
𝑛 49

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 EXAMP
The population proportion of taxpayers that receive at least 1 peso of tax returns
is 74%. A random sample of 1000 taxpayers from City of Malolos is selected by the
Bureau of Internal Revenue and their tax returns are audited.
a. What is the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution?
b. What is the probability that the proportion of a random sample taxpayers
from City of Malolos that receive at least 1 peso of tax returns is less than
70%?
c. What is the probability that the proportion of a random sample taxpayers
from City of Malolos that receive at least 1 peso of tax returns is more than
77%?

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 EXAMP
The population proportion of taxpayers that receive at least 1 peso of tax
returns is 74%. A random sample of 1000 taxpayers from City of Malolos is
selected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue and their tax returns are audited.
a. What is the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution?

𝜇𝑝ො 𝜎𝑝ො = 𝑝𝑞
= 𝑝 = 0.74 𝑛
0.74 0.26
= 1000

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EXAMP
= 0.0139

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 EXAMPLES
The population proportion of taxpayers that receive at least 1 peso of tax
returns is 74%. A random sample of 1000 taxpayers from City of Malolos is
selected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue and their tax returns are audited.
b. What is the probability that the proportion of a random sample
taxpayers from City of Malolos that receive at least 1 peso of tax returns is
less than 70%?
𝑃 𝑝Ƹ < 0.70
= 𝑃 𝑧 < −2.88
� − 𝑝 0.70 − 0.74 = 0.0020
� = = −2.88
𝑍= 0.74 0.26
𝑝𝑞 1000
𝑛
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 EXAMPLES
The population proportion of taxpayers that receive at least 1 peso of tax
returns is 74%. A random sample of 1000 taxpayers from City of Malolos is
selected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue and their tax returns are audited.
c. What is the probability that the proportion of a random sample
taxpayers from City of Malolos that receive at least 1 peso of tax returns is
more than 77%?
𝑝− 0.77 − 0.74 𝑃 𝑝 > 0.77
𝑝
𝑍= = = 2.16 = 𝑃 𝑧 > 2.16
𝑝𝑞 0.74 0.26 = 1 − 𝑃 𝑧 < 2.16
𝑛 1000 = 1 − 0.9846
= 0.0154

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End of Presentation