microMathematics Plus

version 2.23.0

The microMathematics Plus is the mathe- Following objects can be inserted into worksheet:
matical calculator on Android oriented around equations, result views, plots, text fragments and
a spreadsheet that allows live editing of math- images. These are inserted by using the buttons in
ematical identities combined with highly ac- the tool bar, or the ”New element” button in the
curate computations. action bar.
It is based on a powerful touch-screen editor
that allows users to create and manipulate
naturally readable worksheets containing all 1.1 Editing
basic mathematical notations.
The microMathematics Plus supports high Almost all available objects contain several editable
school-level of mathematical calculations. fields. To edit the field use the symbols and functions
This version has following mathematical limi- on the tool bar.
tations: it does not support special functions,
All symbols can also be entered from the keyboard.
vectors, matrices and many other things from
Long click on a symbol’s button for hint about which
high-level mathematics.
keyboard symbol (or combination) corresponds to it.
Using long click on a term you can select the term.
1 How To Use A context menu appears at the top. The selected
term can be deleted, copied to clipboard, pasted from
This app is a powerful calculation software in a work- clipboard or an other operator or function can be
sheet format. The worksheet can be freely edited, inserted using buttons from the tool bar or keyboard.
stored on SD card, opened from SD card and ex- The button ”Insert in the left of selected” from the
ported into an image or LaTeX format. context menu switches the insertion mode: before or
Worksheet is a mathematical document that con- after the selected term. ”Expand selection” button
tains text, formulas and plots. It supports live editing allows to expand the selected area.
of typeset mathematical notations and its automatic
The ”Undo” command is available in the action
computation.
bar. It erases the last change done to the document
and reverts it to an older state:
Basics
The interface contains worksheet area in the center,
tool bar at the bottom, action bar at the top, and
floating action button(s) towards bottom right.
The content of the action bar depends on the screen
resolution and device orientation. The buttons can
be shown in action bar directly, or placed within
”three-dots” menu.

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 1 of 12

 √
1.2 Equation N := 200 Sq2 := 100 P i2 := π
2

An equation defines a numerical constant, an inter- In the last example, a built-in constant pi was
val, a function, or an array/matrix. To create an used. Currently, the following built-in constants are
equation, use the ”New element” button in the action available:
bar
π = 3.14159 pi = 3.14159 e = 2.71828

A previously defined constant can also be used:

N P i2 := N · P i2

You can also use the symbol ”i” as imaginary unit

in order to define a complex number:

or the ”Add equation” button from the tool bar: z := 5 + 3i

1.2.2 Units
If you need a unit for the constant, you can put it
from the keyboard into the same input field. The unit
shall be separated from the number using space. You
can use units both for real and complex constants:
An equation with two empty fields appears. These
fields shall be filled: r := 10 m a := 10 m2 v := 10 km/hr

 :=  α := 45° + 300 + 1500 ϕ := 100 · kg·m

s2

The equation name is given in the left field. The The document ”units_overview.mmt” contains the
name shall contain letters or digits only and will list of all supported units. This document is available
be used in other objects in order to reference this on the github repo, and is also delivered with the
equation. app and stored in ”Resources of microMathematics
From the action bar, you can open ”Document Plus”.
settings” dialog window:
1.2.3 Interval
An interval type equation defines a variable that
is changed from a given minimum value up to a
given maximum value with defined increment. This
variable can be used as a function plot argument or
as a parameter to build a function value table.
To define an interval, put a valid name on the left
Depending on the parameter ”Allow to re-define side of an empty equation. On the right side of this
equations” in this dialog, there are two usage modes: equation, put either a symbol ”:”, or click the button
a) if re-definition is not allowed, the equation name ”Equidistant interval” from the tool bar:
shall be unique within whole worksheet and the equa-
tion can be used both before and after its definition,
b) if re-definition is allowed, you can define more
than one equation with the same name. If such an
equation is referenced, the last version defined before
the caller equation will be used.
Here, the first element is the interval start point,
1.2.1 Constant the next element is the second point, and the last
element is the interval end point:
If the equation name does not contain any argument
in brackets, it defines a constant or an interval: x := [0, 0.1 .. 10]

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 2 of 12

 The interval elements shall be accessed by index: 1.2.5 Arrays
Arrays are special functions where instead of ”( )”,
x0 = 0.0 x1 = 0.1 x100 = 10.0 the argument is given in lower index by putting ”[”
after array name.
The increment is the difference between two neigh- The argument (index) can be a constant, or a
bours values: previously defined interval:

x2 − x1 = 0.1 idx := [0, 1 .. 2]

For example, we can define an equidistant interval r1idx := 5 r12 := 6

that contains N points distributed with increment
”dy” where the interval start is zero as follows: Like a function, right side of array can be either
a constant or a mathematical formula based on the
array argument:
dy := 0.05 y := [0, dy .. dy · N ]
r2idx, 1 := 5 + idx r22, 0 := −4
1.2.4 Function
k := [0, 1 .. 100] m := [0, 1 .. 200]
A function is a relation between one or more ar-
guments and a set of permissible outputs with the Mk, m := sin (k/10)2 − 3 · |cos (m/10)|
property, that each argument value (real or complex)
or arguments combination is related to exactly one Additionally, array can also be defined by putting
output. a matrix on right side of an argumentless name on
left using ”Create matrix” button from the tool bar:
The function name and the function argument in
brackets are given on the left side of an equation.
" #
2 4 6 8
It is not necessary to define the argument in the reading :=
11 10 5 2
worksheet previously, you can define it as you want,
but using letters or digits only: a) Like interval, array elements can be only ac-
cessed by using a lower index:
f (t) := sin (t) · cos (t) /2
5.0
 

r1idx = 5.0
 
w(z) := e2i·π·z 6.0

H(x, y) :=
p
x2 + y 2 M5, 10 = −1.39106 M10, 5 = −1.92467

Pk, m := f loor (−10 · Mk, m )

sin(H(x, y))
g(x, y) := H(x, y/2)+1
b) Any not assigned element is set by default to
zero.
The right side of the function contains a mathe-
c) If any array index is complex or negative or
matical formula how to calculate the function. If
greater than the upper bound of the corresponding
this formula does not contain the declared function
interval, the invalid number will be returned:
argument, such a function will be interpreted as a
constant. i1 := [0, 1 .. 2] i2 := [0, 1 .. 2]
You can also use on the right side other built-in
or previously defined functions. To insert a function 0.0 5.0 N aN
 

enter its name, click the left bracket symbol ”(” and r2i1, i2 =  0.0 6.0 N aN 
 
than enter its argument. This argument can also be −4.0 7.0 N aN
a formula, which contains any other operations and
functions. M10i, 100 = N aN M90, 210 = N aN
The document ”functions_overview.mmt”, stored
within the ”Resources of microMathematic Plus”, d) Array elements are calculated and stored in
provides the list of all available functions. memory that reduces the access time to these values.

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 3 of 12

 0.0 0.0 0.0
     
1.3 Result View
 0.1  0.05  0.1 
This element is aimed to represent a calculation result
     
 0.2   0.1   0.2 
     
as a number or a table. To add this element, use the  0.3 
 
0.15
 
 0.3 
 
”New element” button on the action bar or the ”Add x= y= 2·y =
 0.4   0.2   0.4 
     
  
result view” button from the tool bar:  0.5 
 
0.25
 
 0.5 
 
 ...   ...   ... 
     

10.0 10.0 20.0

30.0 29.0 29.0 28.0 12.0

 
...
29.0 29.0 29.0 28.0 ... 12.0
 
29.0 29.0 29.0 28.0 ... 11.0
Pk, m =
 
29.0 28.0 28.0 27.0 ... 11.0

An equation with two fields appears, where the  
 ... ... ... ... ... ... 
left field shall be filled:
27.0 26.0 26.0 25.0 ... 9.0
=
Number of displayed elements and the mode in
The left term contains a formula to be calculated which the result is displayed can be changed. Using
and the right term is the calculation result. The the long click on the formula area and the context
result will be shown when you press the floating menu, select the whole formula. If the formula is
button ”Calculate”. selected, the floating button ”Object properties” ap-
Within the left term you can use any constants and pears. If you click this button, the result properties
functions defined previously as well as any built-in dialog will be displayed:
functions:

eπ · f (N P i2) = 2.27286E − 14

1.3.1 Constant result

If the left part does not contain any ”interval-like”

variables, the calculation result is just a real or com- The second floating button, ”Details”, will also
plex number: appear. If you click on this button, the ”Details”
dialog will be displayed, where you can observe all
yN −1 − y0 = 9.95
elements of the array.
Note that the use of three or more ”interval-like”
< (z) = 5.0 = (z) = 3.0 |z| = 5.83095 variables on the left part of a result view is not
r allowed in this app version.
 
sin 3
2 · π = 0.0 + 1.0i
1.4 Function Plot
If the left part contains any variable that has a The function plot element displays a graph of a func-
dimensional unit, than the result can have dimension tion, which depends on a single argument. To create
as well: a plot, use the ”New element” button in the action
bar or the ”Add function plot” button from the tool
2 · α/10 s = 0.15884 rad/s bar:

1.3.2 Arrays

If the left part contains an interval variable, the

calculation result is a vector of values corresponding
to this interval. Due to free space limit on the display,
only the first six and the last elements of the vector Plot panel with six empty fields appears. The
will be displayed: function to be plot shall be put in the middle-left

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 4 of 12

field and the function argument in the middle-bottom In the center-bottom field, put the function name
field: or an equation that contains exactly two previously
defined intervals. The use of an array is also possible:

For more details see ”3D Plot” example from the

app navigation drawer.
For more details see ”Function Plot” and ”Polar
Function Plot” examples from the app navigation
drawer. 1.6 Text Fragment
The text fragment element displays simple text like
1.5 Three-dimensional Plot this one. To add a text fragment, use the ”New
element” button in the action bar or ”Add text frag-
The 3D plot element displays a graph of a single ment” button from the tool bar:
function that depends on two arguments. To create
such a plot, use the ”New element” button in the
action bar or the ”Add 3D plot” button from the
tool bar:

If the whole text within a fragment is selected

using the context menu ”Select all”, a floating button
”Object properties” appears in the bottom-right of
the screen.
x := [−10, −9.5 .. 10] y := [−10, −9.5 .. 10] If you click on this button, the ”Text properties”
dialog will be displayed, where you can select the text
style and activate the numbering. For example, the
titles in this document have the style ”Subsection”
with activated numbering.

1.7 Image
You can also insert an image from the image file. To
do it, use the ”New element” button from the action
bar or the ”Add image from file” button from the
tool bar:

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 5 of 12

 The ”Image settings” dialog will appear. There
you can select a file with the image to be inserted
and set the necessary image size.
The following image formats are supported: png,
bmp, gif, jpeg, svg.
If you activate the ”Embedded image” flag in the
”Image settings” dialog, then the image will be em-
bedded directly in your document. Embedded image
results in stand-alone, but larger document.
If the ”Embedded image” flag is not set, the image
file will be just referenced rather than embedded, i.e.
your document references the image file outside the
document. In case you move your document please
do not forget to move the image file as well.
You can change the properties of an already exist-
ing image. Long click on the image area until the
floating button ”Object properties” appears. If you
press this button, a dialog with image properties will
be displayed.

The function to be plotted will be put in the

2 Example: Function Plot middle-left field. It can also be a built-in or pre-
viously declared function as well as a mathematical
This example demonstrates how to prepare and ad-
expression that contains any other operators and
just a graphical representation of a function. For
functions.
example, we want to plot three different functions:
p  The function input, which represents the x-values
f (x) := 25 + 10 · sin |x| will be put in the middle-bottom field. It can be a
variable of interval type or a mathematical expression
g(x) := 2
· f (x · 50) that contains an interval variable.
e|x|/15

All other four fields describe the plot boundaries.

h(x) := min (f (x) , g (x)) If these elements remain empty, the program will cal-
culate corresponding values automatically. However,
The function argument that represents the x-values you can edit these fields at any time and put there
will be taken for N points within the interval [x1, the values you want.
x2]:
You can plot several functions on the same plot
N := 300 x1 := −30 x2 := 30 view. To add an other function, select the function
(by long click in the middle-left field) after which an
x := [x1, x1 + (x2 − x1) /N .. x2] other function shall be added and press ”Add new
argument” button from the tool bar:
After the functions and their arguments are de-
fined, you can add the plot box using the ”New
element” button in the action bar or ”Add function
plot” button from the tool bar:

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 6 of 12

 By long click on the middle of plot area, the context For example, we can use dotted lines:
menu and the floating button ”Object properties”
will appear.

The axis scale (linear or logarithmic), number of

axis labels and grid line color can be changed in the
”Grid Settings” dialog. It appears by long click on the
If you press this floating button, the ”Plot Settings” free space between the x minimum value (-30) and
dialog will be displayed. Here, you can change size the argument (x) symbol or between the x symbol
and style of the plot area. For example, the crossed and the x maximum value (30) below the plot area:
graph looks like this:

You can also change the plot line color, line width,
style and value markers in the ”Line Settings” dialog.
It appears by long click on the line marker below the
function name on the left of plot area:

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 7 of 12

 Instead of f and r, we use here previously defined
rules for x and y transformation, where r1(f) is used
as a symbolic argument for these rules:

To hide grid completely just set the number of grid

lines to zero for both vertical and horizontal axes.

3 Example: Polar Function Plot

Now we plot several functions given in the polar
coordinate system. Each point in this system is
determined by a distance r from the origin and the
angle f from the x-axis.

Next, we can modify this wheel as follows:

r2(f ) := A + 2 · sin (B · f + 1 · r1 (f ))q

The angle f is our independent variable that is

changed as follows:

f := [0.01, 0.05 .. 300]

The distance r(f) is our dependent variable. Hav-

ing a pair of f and r, we can transform it to the
Cartesian coordinates x and y using sine and cosine
functions:

x(r) := r · cos (f ) y(r) := r · sin (f )

3.1 A snail
We will define our polar function in three steps. The
first expression defines a ”wheel”:

A := 1.1 B := 1.271 q := 2

r1(f ) := A + 2 · sin (B · f )q Finally, we scale the last function r2(f) using a float
to integer conversion that looks like a step function.
To plot this function, we add the plot box using As a result, we obtain a nice snail:
the ”New element” button in the action bar or ”Add
function plot” button from the tool bar: r(f ) := r2 (f ) · f loor (f ) /10

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 8 of 12

 4 Example: 3D Plot
This example demonstrates 3D plots for three differ-
ent functions of two variables.
First, we define intervals for both x and y argu-
ments. The interval for the x-axis depends on the
number of points along the x-axis and the minimum
and maximum values, x1 and x2:

N := 300 x1 := −2 x2 := 2

x := [x1, x1 + |x2 − x1| /N .. x2]

The interval for the y-axis is defined analogously:

M := 300 y1 := −3 y2 := 3

3.2 Japanese Maple y := [y1, y1 + |y2 − y1| /M .. y2]

Japanese Maple is well known for its attractive leaf For example, let us plot a trigonometric function
shapes and colors. Such a leaf can be described that is a product of sine and cosine:
mathematically and plotted as a curve in the polar
coordinate system: F (x, y) := sin 3 · x2 · cos y 2

f := [0.01, 0.02 .. 100] To create a 3D plot view, click on the ”New ele-
ment” button from the action bar or ”Add 3D plot”
x(r) := r · cos (f ) y(r) := r · sin (f ) button from the tool bar:

s1(f ) := (1 + sin (f )) · (1 − 0.9 · |sin (4 · f )|)

s2(f ) := 0.9 + 0.05 · cos (200 · f )

r(f ) := f loor (f ) · s1 (f ) · s2 (f ) + random (2) − 1

Put the function name F(x,y) into the center-
bottom field:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_palmatum

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 9 of 12

 sin(xn +0.1·ym ) tn, m
The plot boundaries, plot size and style, labels and Fn, m := 0.15+rn, m + 10
grid can be adjusted by analogy with the function
plot using the plot settings dialog (see ”Function
Plot” example from the app navigation drawer for
more details). To open this dialog, long click on the
plot area until the floating button ”Object properties”
will appear, and than click this button.
Additionally, you can change the number of labels
along z-axis and choose the color palette in the ”Color
Map Settings” dialog. This dialog appears by long
click on the z-axis bar on the right of main graph
area.

R(x, y) := sin 5 · x2 · (y − x)

For the surface plot, there are additional settings

presented in the ”Plot Settings” dialog. You can
choose whether the mesh lines shall be shown, select
the opacity for mesh color, define the rotation and
elevation angles of the plot box. For example, the
previous surface plotted with other rotation and
elevation angles looks like this:

A function of two arguments can be also plotted

as a surface in 3D space. This mode can be activated
in the ”Plot Settings” dialog that appears if you
click floating button ”Object properties” after long
clicking on the plot area. Let us plot the following
function, using arrays in order to improve calculation
time:

N := 100 n := [0, 1 .. N ] x1 := −15 x2 := 15

M := 100 m := [0, 1 .. M ] y1 := −15 y2 := 15

5 Example: Series and Integrals
xn := (x1 + (x2 − x1) · n/N )2 This example demonstrates how to calculate series
and integrals.
ym := (y1 + (y2 − y1) · m/M )2
5.1 Taylor series
rn, m := 0.04 · xn + 0.02 · ym
In mathematics, Taylor series is a representation of
tn, m := (xn + 0.05 · ym ) · exp (1 − rn, m ) a function as an infinite sum of terms that are calcu-

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 10 of 12

lated from the values of the function’s derivatives at 5.2 Binomial series
a single point.
Let us consider this power function:
For example, Ts(x,N) is the Taylor expansion as a
function of argument x and the number of terms N: f (x, α) := (1 + x)α
N This function can be approximated using Binomial
(−1)n
T s(x, N ) := series:
X
2·n
·x
(2 · n)! N n
α−k+1
!
n=0
T f (x, α, N ) :=
X Y
· xn
This expansion approximates the cosine function: n=0 k=1
k

s(x) := cos (x) We can also plot both functions (the given power
function and its approximation) together on the same
If we plot both functions together for the same plot:
interval, they look both equal:

x := [0, 0.1 .. 2 · π]

5.3 Integrals
It is also possible to calculate a definite integral
However, there is a numerical error due to limited numerically using Simpson method. For example,
number of approximation terms N. The following we can calculate the integral using ”Result View”
function ∆(x,N) describes this error: element:
2 · x −2
Z 3·pi/2  
∆(x, N ) := |s (x) − T s (x, N )| cos dx = 7.79423
0 9
We can plot this function in logarithmic coordi- The analytical solution is
√
nates and see that the numerical error will be de- I := 9·2 3 , I = 7.79423
creased if we get more terms into the Taylor summa- Numerical error can be calculated as:
tion: Z 3·pi/2 
2 · x −2

cos dx − I = 4.26681E − 9
N := [3, 4 .. 13] 0 9
This error depends on the value ”Significant digits
in result” that can be changed in the ”Document
Settings” dialog available from the action bar:

If this value increased, the threshold that controls

the Simpson method precision will also be increased.

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 11 of 12

6 About
6.1 Authors
1. Mikhail Kulesh, [email protected]

2. Caio Roberto Ramos da Silva (Brazilian Por-

tuguese translation), [email protected]

3. Yubin Hsu (Chinese translation), yu-

[email protected]

4. Linsui (Chinese translation), lin-

[email protected]

5. Diego Sanguinetti (Spanish translation)

6.2 The app icon

The app icon is generated from the following function
defined in the polar coordinate system:

f := [0.01, 0.03 .. 150]

sin(10·f ) sin(60·f )
s(f ) := 4 + sin (5 · f ) + 2 + 6

r(f ) := 0.9 · (1 + f /50) · s (f )

x(f ) := r (f ) · cos (f )

y(f ) := r (f ) · sin (f )

6.3 License
Copyright © 2014-2022 by Mikhail Kulesh un-
der the GNU General Public License, Version 3:
www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0

Mikhail Kulesh • microMathematics Plus page 12 of 12