Bj ÷lnoj mstrjtm`nj

CQONCLM_
pjrj `jljr
INLJYNJ_
ml

Kmrmoecs km jutcr prctm`nkcs

OCL[MLNKC
J`rm`jr ul suitætubc
 OJQÆ[]BC :
Mrjl bjs ? km bj tjrkm mb kæj kmspuîs qum euinmsm
sjbnkc ml bjs rmkms sconjbms bj lctnonj qum ul
ecfirm km jpmljs ?1 júcs ejiæj jkqunrnkc ulj
mlcrfm dcrtulj, ocfmronjbnzjlkc ml bcs fmrojkcs
dnljlonmrcs kmskm su ojsj.
± Qmrc _múcr Kcln ‟ Nltmrrufpnÿ Fjrocs mb qum
msorniæj bcs bnircs km Kcln ‟ msj dum bj nltrckuoonÿl
jb ojpætubc : km su prnfmr bnirc.
+Knsoubpj Fjrocs ms qum mstcy ul pcoc knstrjækc,
snmfprm qum tml`c ul fjb prmsmltnfnmltc
ocrjzÿl sî qum jb`c lc iumlc mstj pcr suomkmr. ml fn
± ³[jl fjbc ms ocfc pjrj kmsmldcojrbc3
+ Lc sî sn smj ul kcl c jb`c pcr mb mstnbc pmrc smltæ
bc fnsfc oujlkc furnmrcl fns pjkrms, kcs vmonlcs
m nlobusc ejstj fn pmrrc.
± C smj qum ³Jb`unml vj fcrnr ecy3
+ Mspmrc qum lc.
* Fjrocs omrrc bj ocfputjkcrj ml bj oujb ejiæj
msorntc pcr bcs ÷btnfcs júcs tckc bc qum bm knotjij
Kcln pjrj sus ibc`s y ocpjrtnonpjonclms ml ctrcs
bnircs km djfj fulknjb y fnrjlkc j Kcln bm kngc7
± Knsoubpm smúcr tml`c yj vjrncs júcs km oclcomrbc
y trjijgjr pjrj ustmk, sî qum bm `ustj vnvnr scbc y
tcfjr fuoec ojdî pmrc ml mstm ÷btnfc júc ustmk
ojfinc fuoec y lc qum smj iumlc pmrc yj lc
ejibj tjltc ocfc jltms, lc sjbm ln snqunmrj j bj
tnmlkj km bj msqunlj, ej pjsjkc km vnvnr ml mb pnsc
?? pjrj vnvnr ml mb prnfmrc, sm vnstm ocl ojfnsjs km
=$ y pjltjbclms km :1$ ormc qum mlonfj lc jlkj ln
?1$ oujlkc jltms su cutdnt jsomlkæj j bcs :1,111$,
rmjbfmltm lc sî quî dum bc qum bm courrnÿ, jecrj
fmkntj fês y km vmz ml oujlkc pnmlsc qum mstê
fumrtc, lc usj bjs rmkms sconjbms y lc jomptj fês
mltrmvnstjs ustmk yj lc tnmlm fês sclrnsj ml su
rcstrc, gjfês pmlsî kmonrbc pmrc mxtrjúc bj fjlmrj
sjroêstnoj km su ejibj. [nmlms jpmljs 95 júcs y
pnmlsc qum mstê ml kmprmsnÿl y snl tmfcr j
mqunvcojrfm dum kmskm mb kæj qum lc vcbvnÿ j fnrjr
jb smúcr Gms÷s.[÷ pnmlsjs qum tckc bc qum ej`c ms
+ OÊBBJ[M!!!
pcrqum sm fm kj bj `jlj vmrkjk.
± Qums j vmoms sæ.
+ Knoms oclcomrfm y j mstjs jbturjs lc tm ejs kjkc
oumltj km qum tckc bc qum ej`c ms pcr ul
prcpÿsntc.
± J vmoms ormc qum ustmk mstê ul pcoc oendbjkc,
nfj`ælmsm qum ejibj y ormm ml ul pmrscljgm qum
ustmk sm nlvmltÿ.
+ ³Ejibjs kmb nlqunbnlc3
± Fnrm qum nlobusc lcfirm bm knc.
+ [÷ mrms ul snfpbm msorntcr y gjfês smrês jb`c fês
qum bc qum ecy mrms.
± Mltnmlkc su fcbmstnj, ormc qum gjfês ljknm bm
ejiæj ocldrcltjkc su vnkj.
+ Msc ms bc qum t÷ ormms pmrc kmskm qum mltrm jb
fulkc kmb trjknl` ojfinm tckj fn fjlmrj km vmr mb
fulkc, jecrj scy ctrc bjs jfinonclms pcr bjs qum
mltrm j mstm lm`conc furnmrcl, bcs sumúcs rnkæoubcs
y bjs djltjsæjs qum tmlæj furnmrcl mb kæj qum pusm
bcs pnms ml mstm prnfmr pnsc y lc ml bj tmrrjzj.
± ^ ³Qcr quî ojfinc mstm ÷btnfc júc mltcloms3
+ Ymoumrkjs oujltc fm ocstÿ mstm mkndnonc.
± Objrc dumrcl ?? fnbbclms km kÿbjrms tîolnojfmltm
: fnbbÿl pcr ojkj pnsc qum pcr onmrtc lc sî pcrqum
ocfprjstm mstm mkndnonc fmknc rjrc.
+ Mb mkndnonc ml ojkj lnvmb tnmlm := jpjrtjfmltcs
`rjlkms jsæ qum
± ^ msc qum tnmlmscl
qumomroj km =11,
vmr ocl vjbæj bjy pmlj.
mb trjknl` tu ojfinc
mstm ÷btnfc júc.
+ Qums fuoec fês km bc qum tm nfj`nljs, tml`c ojsn
ul júc km lc vmr j I y bj vmrkjk tml`c fnmkc pcr îb
y j rjæz km bj ÷btnfj vmz ejl pjsjkc fuoejs ocsjs
qum t÷ j÷l lc sjims. Mb mkndnonc km ?? pnscs ml mb
trjknl` sn`lndnoj…
* ]lj snbumtj pjsc j `rjl vmbconkjk pcr bj vmltjlj
km jqumb prnfmr pnsc ocfc ojækj kmb onmbc,
nltmrrufpnmlkc bj oclvmrsjonÿl km Kcln.
+ Ocrrm Fjrocs vml fnrj!!!
* Fjrocs sjbtc km su jsnmltc y ocrrnÿ ocfc bcoc
ejonj bj vmltjlj y jeæ mstjij mb oumrpc drnc km jqumb
ecfirm qum sm ejiæj bjlzjkc :1 sm`ulkcs jltms
kmb pnsc ?? objrc lc mrj bj prnfmrj pmrsclj qum
fcræj km mstj fjlmrj ml mb mkndnonc km Kcln.
Fjrocs fnrc bmltjfmltm j Kcln pums jecrj sjiæj
qum bcs prmsmltnfnmltcs lc mrjl scbc msc snlc ulj
prcdmoæj rmonîl oufpbnkj.
*Ocl `rjkms bê`rnfjs ml bcs cgcs Kcln bm prm`ultc j
Fjrocs7
+ ³Zunîl ormms qum smj ojpjz km ejomr jb`c jsæ ml
ul smr eufjlc3
± Qmrc Kcln mb qunsc sunonkjrsm.
+ Lc Fjrocs tm mqunvcojs, mbbcs lc qunmrml fcrnr j
mbbcs bcs bjlzjl.
± ³C smj qum tu sjinjs qum mb ecfirm msm fcrnræj3
³[nmlms pmrscljs ml mstm mkndnonc qum jsmsnljl j
ctrcs3
+ Mstm mkndnonc snficbnzj bcs ?? lnvmbms qum kmim
pjsjr ul trjkmr jltms km bbm`jr j bj tmrrjzj y pckmr
vcbjr bnirm.
± Kæfmbcs pjrj msorninrbc jecrj.
+ Lc pumkc, j÷l lc ms mb tnmfpc. Ml ojkj lnvmb qum
jvjlzjl bcs trjkmrs j÷l ml mb fnsfc pnsc ??,
mlocltrjrjl puibnonkjk kmb pjrjæsc fjbkntc kmb
trjknl`.
± Ch, mltnmlkc qum ojkj pnsc km tu mkndnonc sn`lndnoj
ul lnvmb km trjknl` y tu ³Qcr quî mstês ml mb lnvmb :3
+ Mstcy ml mb lnvmb : pjrj kjrbm bj inmlvmlnkj j ojkj
pmrsclj qum mltrm j mstm mkndnonc, bj tcfc km bj
fjlc y fn cigmtnvc ms bbmvjrbj j bj tmrrjzj, julqum
jb`ulcs scl jtrjækcs pcr bj puibnonkjk kmb pjrjæsc
fjbkntc y objrc ml kmonsnclms pmrscljbms ljkj
pumkc ejomr.
* J÷l sm`uæj Kcln fnrjlkc pcr bj vmltjlj mb
furfubbc km pmrscljs y ul ojkêvmr rmonîl ojækc
kmb onmbc, jsæ pjsc bcs prÿxnfcs :1 fnlutcs Kcln
ejstj qum Fjrocs enzc 9 prm`ultjs.
± Kcln ³Oÿfc sjims qum bjs pmrscljs lc sm
sunonkjl snlc qum ejy jb`unml qum bjs bjlzj kmb pnsc
??3
+ Lc snmfprm scl kmb pnsc ?? pmrc sî qum lc sm
sunonkjl pcrqum em vnstc qunml bcs jsmsnlj.
±Ch fm sur`ml 9 kukjs ³Zunîl bcs bjlzj3 ^ ³Zunîl
ms bj pmrsclj qum jojijl km fjtjr3
* Kcln oclcoæj jfijs rmspumstjs jsæ qum ejibc…
 OJQÆ[]BC 9
]l júc jltms7
* Mb gcvml Gms÷s ocfmlzÿ j suinr pcr bjs msojbmrjs y
fnmltrjs bc ejoæj sm prm`ultjij oujb smræj bj rjzÿl
km bj jusmlonj km jsomlscrms ml msm `rjl mkndnonc --
Ynl`, Ynl`, Ynl` ‟ sm msouoeÿ mb tnfirm y bj pumrtj sm
jirnÿ.
- Iumlcs kæjs Kcln
‟ Kngc mb smúcr Gms÷s
‟ vnlm ocfc ustmk fm
nlknoc.
+ Fm jbm`rj vmrtm ouîltjfm oÿfc vjs ocl tu
mstuknc ml mstjs ? smfjljs, yj qum tm nlknqum qum
vnlnmrjs ml : y tjrkjstm ?. - Qums em pjsjkc fês km
?11 ecrjs mstuknjlkc tckc bc qum ustmk fm nlknoc,
qumræj vmlnr jb ejimr tmrfnljkc km mstuknjr tckc,
km emoec tuvm qum ocfprjr jb`÷l oursc pcr jeæ
pjrj tmlmr ul pcoc km oclconfnmltc fês
mspmonjbnzjkc.
+ ^c tm kngm qum lc ocfprjrjs ljkj.
- 91 qum ejy jb`ulcs iumlcs fjmstrcs qum ml
rmjbnkjk bc scl, mspmrc qum ejbjs jprmlknkc km
jb`ulc km mbbcs. Ecy vmc qum trjgnstm tu
ocfputjkcrj pmlsî qum scbc smræj tu bnirmtj
jfjrnbbj Gm, Gm, Gm.
- ]stmk fm kngc qum ecy fm nij mlsmújr su
mstrjtm`nj jsæ qum jquæ mstcy.
+ Objrc qum sn pjsj y snîltjtm ml fn cdnonlj.
* Fnmltrjs Gms÷s ojfnljij ejonj bj cdnonlj snl
nltmlonÿl jb`ulj fnrc pcr bj rmgnbbj km ulj pumrtj bj
snbumtj km ul ecfirm kurfnmlkc ml bj ejintjonÿl
km Kcln, su fmltm knc ul pjr km vumbtjs y snmlkc
prukmltm lc enzc prm`ultj jb`ulj.
+ Mltcloms Gms÷s ³Zuî dum bc fês ocfpbnojkc jb
mstuknjr km bc qum tm nlknqum3
- Ormc qum tckcs bcs tmfjs ml mb trjknl` scl dêonbms
km ocfprmlkmr pmrc mltmlkmrbcs m nltmrncrnzjrbcs
ms bc ocfpbnojkc y fês ocfpbnojkc j÷l ms fmzobjr
tckcs mscs tmfjs.
+jprmlknkc
Lc tm prmcoupms
ejstj jecrjlc pjrj
lmomsntjs tckc
cpmrjr, ms bc qum ejs
nfpcrtjltm
qum bc oclczojs pmrc lc pjrj qum ej`js tckj ulj
cknsmj km tu fmltm.
- _n pcrqum snmltc qum fm ocldulkc j vmoms.
+ [rjlqunbc ecy tm vcy j pclmr crkml.
- Fm ejom djbtj Gm.Gm.Gm.
+ ^j tnmlms mb F[; vmrkjk3
- _n yj bc nlstjbm tjfinîl bj pbjtjdcrfj km cponclms
inljrnjs, yj ormm fn oumltj y vmrndnqum ojkj ulj km
mbbjs.
+ Mxombmltm kmgj tm snrvc ojdî pjrj nlnonjr.
- Ch.
* Gms÷s sm`uæj prm`ultêlkcsm pcr quî msm ecfirm
ml mb oujrtc km Kcln sm`uæj kurfnmlkc sn yj mrjl
bjs :1 JF.
+ [m jojic km mlvnjr mb jroenvc qunmrc qum bc
nlstjbms ml tu F[;, mscs scl jb`ulcs nlknojkcrms
qum usjrjs pjrj jpcyjr tu cpmrjtnvj.
- Mstj inml ml : fnlutc bc ej`c, bnstc yj mstê.
+ [m nlnonjrm mxpbnojlkc ojkj ulc km bcs nlknojkcrms
qum jpjrmoml ml msj pmstjúj qum fnrjs.
* Jb _múcr Gms÷s sm bm enzc mxtrjúc bj dræj y rjrj
fjlmrj ml qum bc ejiæj jtmlknkc ecy Kcln, ejiæj
jb`c ocfc sn lc dumsm mb fnsfc Kcln pmrc jul jsæ
ocl msjs kukjs bjs objsms nlnonjrcl.
+ [m ejrî ulj prm`ultj ³Ejz prjotnojkc tckc bc qum
mstuknjstm3
-+_nQjrj
msc em nltmltjkc. tm bc mxpbnojrm tckc dêonb ocl
jsm`urjrfm
fjlzjlntjs.
* Kcln bm prm`ultc j Fjrocs sn sm`uæj msorninmlkc
tckc bc qum cæj y mb rmspclknÿ jdnrfjtnvjfmltm y
objrc ocfc jocstufirjij j ejomrbc bm enzc ulj
prm`ultj7
± ³Qcr quî kmic msorninr tckc mstc snl tmolnonsfcs y
ejstj ocl mrrcrms crtc`rêdnocs3
* Kcln scbjfmltm sclrnÿ y kngc7
+ ^j bc vmrjs, lc tm jprmsurms.
 OJQÆ[]BC ?
+ Fnrj Gms÷s ml mb fmrojkc mxnstml fuoecs
nlknojkcrms y ormc qum t÷ yj oclcoms j bcs iêsnocs
³Oclcoms mstm nlknojkcr3
‟ Kngc Kcln smújbjlkc mb `rjdnoc
- ³Oÿfc sm bbjfj3
- _n bc oclczoc, ms mb Y_N.
+ Ch fnrj tm vcy j
ocltjr su enstcrnj, ocfc dulonclj y scirm tckc bcs
tnpcs km smújbms y mltrjkjs qum kmims tcfjr, jb

dnljb mb fmrojkc scbc sm ijsj ml 9 ocsjs Ocfprjs c

Tmlkms. Ml cponclms inljrnjs sm bm oclcom j ulj
vmltj ocfc Qut y ulj ocfprj ocfc ul Ojbb y pums
j mstjs jbturjs sjims qum bjs cpmrjonclms scl j
fnlutcs pmrc mstj mstrjtm`nj ml mspmoædnoc bj usjrjs
j = fnlutcs scbjfmltm, fnrj mb Y_N

[nmlm ? lnvmbms qum pumkml smr 91, =1 y 51 pmrc ml

mstm ojsc scl ?1, =1 y 01.
- ³Qcr quî sm bbjfj Y_N3
+ Dum kmsjrrcbbjkc
crn`nljbfmltm pcr G. Pmbbms Pnbkmr ml :>05. Mb
nlknojkcr Y_N prcpcronclj vjbncsj nldcrfjonÿl km
fmrojkc y smújbms km trjknl`. Y_N scl bjs sn`bjs ml
nl`bîs km Ymbjtnvm _trml`te Nlkmx. Ocfc su prcpnc
lcfirm nlknoj, mb Y_N fnkm mb nfpubsc km bcs
ojfincs ml mb prmonc km ul jotnvc pjrj mvjbujr sn mb
prmonc km knoec jotnvc mstê scirmvmlknkc c
scirmocfprjkc c smj tm kj ul pcsnibm nlknojtnvc sn
ms ecrj km ocfprjr c vmlkmr. Pnbkmr oclsnkmrÿ qum
sn mb Y_N jbojlzj mb lnvmb km 01 ejy qum nltmrprmtjr
qum mb vjbcr mstê scirmocfprjkc (ouyc sn`lndnojkc
ms qum mb trjkmr kmimræj pbjltmjrsm vmlkmr). ^
jsnfnsfc jb ocltrjrnc, scirmvmlknkc ml mb lnvmb km
?1 pjrj ocfprjr ulj pcsnonÿl.
-Mltmlkæ ul >1% km bc qum jojijs km kmonr.

+[rjlqunbc yj bc ocfprmlkmrês fmgcr ml bj prêotnoj.

Qrmstj jtmlonÿl j bc qum tm knrî scirm mb Y_N7 Mb
trjknl` ijsjkc ml mb nlknojkcr Y_N ej kmfcstrjkc
smr ojkj vmz fês pcpubjr j bc bjr`c km bcs júcs
kminkc j su pctmltm dÿrfubj y jb pcsnibm usc km bjs
knvmr`mlonjs Y_N ml trjknl`.
- ³Zuî scl bjs knvmr`mlonjs3
+ Fuy prcltc tm bc mxpbnojrm.
- ³Oÿfc kmic nltmrprmtjr ocrrmotjfmltm mb Y_N3
+ [m mxpbnojrm bcs ? lnvmbms7
:) Nlknojkcr Y_N jbrmkmkcr kmb lnvmb ?17 rmdbmgj
lnvmbms km scirmvmltj, jsæ ocfc tjfinîl nlknoj qum
bcs prmoncs tnmlml dumrzj rmbjtnvj joufubjkj bc qum
qunmrm kmonr qum yj ej ijgjkc fuoec mb prmonc y sm
jomroj j ul pcsnibm rmtcrlc. Ml mstm ojsc, sm trjtj
km ulj sntujonÿl ml bj qum bcs prmoncs ejl ojækc
irusojfmltm y jecrj mb fcvnfnmltc ijgnstj kminbntj.
9) Mb nlknojkcr Y_N csonbj ecrnzcltjbfmltm jbrmkmkcr
kmb lnvmb km =17 sn`lndnoj qum mb fmrojkc ojrmom km
ulj tmlkmlonj tîolnojfmltm mstj bnlmjb. Mb lnvmb =1
ms bj bælmj fmknj qum smpjrj bcs tmrrntcrncs jbonstjs y
ijgnstjs kmb nlknojkcr.
?) Nlknojkcr Y_N jbrmkmkcr kmb lnvmb 017 rmdbmgj
lnvmbms km scirmocfprj, jsæ ocfc tjfinîl nlknoj
qum bcs prmoncs lc tnmlml dumrzj rmbjtnvj
rmbjtnv j joufubjkj.
Mstj ms ulj sntujonÿl ml bj qum bcs prmoncs ejl
suinkc irusojfmltm y ms prcijibm qum mb
fcvnfnmltc sm kminbntm. Mb oruom km bcs lnvmbms km
?1, =1 y 01 kj smújbms km trjknl` Qumkms cismrvjr

mstcs fcvnfnmltcs pcr tn fnsfc7

Oujlkc mb rsn mstê pcr kmijgc kmb lnvmb ?1 sn`lndnoj

qum ejirê ul pcsnibm rmtcrlc jbonstj pcr msc
ojfinj km ocbcr m n`ujb oujlkc mstj pcr mlonfj kmb
lnvmb 01 ojfinj km ocbcr pcrqum tm mstê knonmlkc
qum sm jprcxnfj ul ojfinc km tmlkmlonj.
- Ch Kcln ormc qum ms fuoej nldcrfjonÿl pmrc
nltmltjrm ocfprmlkmrbc.
+ Lc qunmrc qum bc ocfprmlkjs snlc fês inml bc
nltmrncrnoms, pmrc j÷l djbtj fês. _n ocbcojs ulj bælmj
ml mb rsn tm kjrês oumltj qum jeæ ejy fês lnvmbms y
ojkj lnvmb tm kjrê ulj smújb j÷l fês dumrtm pcr
mgmfpbc7
- Csmj Kcln qum sn mb Y_N mstê ml ul lnvmb kmijgc kmb
01 qunmrm kmonr qum bj smújb ms j÷l fês sm`urj.
+ Jsæ m nlobusc sn bbm`j jb lnvmb >1 ms ulj km bjs
smújbms fês dumrtms pmrc kmims mltmlkmr ulj ocsj
y ms qum mstm nlknojkcr km trjknl` prcpcronclj
nldcrfjonÿl scirm bj knrmoonÿl km bj tmlkmlonj kmb
fmrojkc msc ms tckc lc ejom ljkj fês. Mb Y_N ml mb
jlêbnsns tîolnoc ms pcr bc tjltc ijstjltm dêonb km
utnbnzjr, y kj smújbms km trjknl` ijstjltm dnjibms,
mspmonjbfmltm ocl ulj mstrjtm`nj km trjknl`
ocfpbmtj. Jb`ulcs nlvmrscrms sm snmltml fês
sm`urcs j bj ecrj km ocbcojr ulj crkml ml mb
fmrojkc oujlkc tnmlml bj ocldnrfjonÿl km ul
nlknojkcr ocfc mb Y_N.
- ³Ouêbms scl bjs vmltjgjs y kmsvmltjgjs km usjr mb

Y_N3
+ Bjs prnlonpjbms vmltjgjs kmb nlknojkcr
n lknojkcr Y_N scl7
- Mstm nlknojkcr pmrfntm vmr km ul vnstjzc sn mb
fmrojkc sm mloumltrj ml êrmjs km scirmocfprj c
scirmvmltj.
-Ms dêonb km nltmrprmtjr.
-[m pmrfntm kmtmrfnljr dêonbfmltm ulj tmlkmlonj.
-Ms ul nlknojkcr tîolnoc fuy ÷tnb ml mb trjknl` j
ocrtc pbjzc, mspmonjbfmltm pjrj bcs cpmrjkcrms km
cponclms inljrnjs.
-Bcs trjkmrs mxpmrnfmltjkcs `mlmrjbfmltm
mloumltrjl qum su rmlknfnmltc sm imlmdnonj
mlcrfmfmltm km bj ocfinljonÿl km bj mstrjtm`nj
kmb nlknojkcr Y_N ocl jb`÷l ctrc nlknojkcr qum
ocldnrfm bj sntujonÿl jotujb.
-Mstm nlknojkcr j fmlukc tjfinîl sm ocfinlj ocl
ctrjs emrrjfnmltjs km jlêbnsns tîolnoc, ocfc mb
FJOK c mb mstcoêstnoc. Bjs kmsvmltjgjs7 SMb Y_N lc
ms ulj scbuonÿl fnbj`rcsj pjrj `jljr snmfprm, ms
scbc ulj emrrjfnmltj qum tm jrrcgj onmrtj
nldcrfjonÿl tmlkmlonjb.
-Ocfc oujbqunmr ctrc nlknojkcr tîolnoc, tjfinîl

pumkm kjr djbsjs smújbms km cpmrjonÿl pcr msc ml

lumstrj mstrjtm`nj usjfcs jb`ulcs nlknojkcrms
jknoncljbms.
-Ms fmlcs prmonsc sn sm utnbnzj ml fmrojkcs ocl ijgj
vcbjtnbnkjk.
 OJQÆ[]BC ;
* Gms÷s tckjvæj lc tmrfnljij km prcomsjr bj
nldcrfjonÿl y pmrc j÷l djbtjijl fuoecs
nlknojkcrms fês.
- Mstuknm mb Y_N pmrc lc ocl bj prcdulknkjk qum fm
jojijs km fmloncljr.
+ Msc fm nfj`nlm, tm ejrm ulj prm`ultj pjrj
kmtmrfnljr sn jprmlknstm ³Qjrj quî snrvm mb Y_N3
- Bc ÷lnoc qum ejom ms kmtmrfnljr bj tmlkmlonj km
ul jotnvc, sn mb rsn mstê pcr kmijgc kmb lnvmb ?1, 91 c
:1 msc sn`lndnoj qum fuy prcijibm mb fmrojkc nrj jb
jbzj y sn mstê pcr mlonfj kmb lnvmb yj smj 01, 51 c >1
mltcloms ejy fuoejs prcijinbnkjkms qum vjbbj j bj
ijgj.
+ Qmrdmotc jecrj vmrmfcs mb FjoK y bjs
knvmr`mlonjs

Ml mstj mstrjtm`nj mb FjoK ocl bj knvmr`mlonj mstêl

gultcs, ulj knvmr`mlonj lc ms ctrj ocsj qum ul
nlknojkcr knonîlkcfm ulj tmlkmlonj y mb prmonc rmjb
knonîlkcfm ctrj ocsj.
- Lc mltnmlkc.
+ Qcr mgmfpbc oujlkc mb prmonc mstê ml ulj
tmlkmlonj jbonstj y mb FjoK ijgnstj.
- ³Oÿfc sm kmtmrfnlj ulj knvmr`mlonj3
+ ]lj knvmr`mlonj ms kmtmrfnljkj pcr kcs pultcs
ml mb nlknojkcr jsæ ocfc bc fnrjs ml bj nfj`ml7

_n tm dngjs Gms÷s fnrj mb prmonc ejonj ulj knrmoonÿl y

mb Fjok ejonj ctrj, tjfinîl ejy ctrj nltmrprmtjonÿl
y ms oujlkc mb FjoK bbm`j j su pnoc fês jbtc
ocldnrfjlkc jsæ ulj mltrjkj yj smj km ocfprj c
vmltj ocl mb Y_N y km pjsc tm kn`c qum tjfinîl ocl
mb Y_N pumkms mlocltrjr bjs knvmr`mlonjs jsæ ocfc
vms ml bj nfj`ml.
- ³Zunmrm kmonr qum pumkc tcfjr mltrjkjs ml bcs
pnocs y ml knvmr`mlonjs qum sm dcrfml3
+ Jsæ ms, kîgjfm mxpbnojrtm ocl bj fnsfj nfj`ml.
Nfj`nlj qum jeæ ml msm pnoc kmb Y_N y Fjok
euinmsms tcfjkc ulj cpmrjonÿl j = fnlutcs pums
bj euinmsms `jljkc yj qum mb Y_N mstjij pcr jrrnij
kmb lnvmb 01 sn`lndnojlkc qum ejiræj ul rmtcrlc km
prmonc jb n`ujb qum mb Fjok mstjij pcr mlonfj km bj
bælmj 1 y ul pnoc inml kmdnlnkc pjrj vmltj, jkmfês
ojkj tckjs bjs bælmjs jb jbzj kmb Fjok mrjl vmrkms
kjlkc jsæ ulj fmgcr ocldnrfjonÿl y pjrj ulj vmltj
km = fnlutcs mrj mxombmltm.
Ymsubtj qum bj cpmrjonÿl jltmrncr dum `jljkcrj y 91
fnlutcs kmspuîs mb Fjok y Y_N vumbvml j ormjr
lumvjfmltm ctrcs pnocs pmrc jb ulnr ocl ulj bælmj
mscs pultcs tjltc mb Y_N ocfc mb Fjok mstêl
nlknojlkc qum mb prmonc tnmlm ulj tmlkmlonj ijgnstj
oujlkc ml rmjbnkjk mb prmonc mstê ymlkc jb jbzj, bc
qum sn`lndnoj qum ejirê ul rmtrcomsc, ms ocfc sn mb
prmonc cimkmonmrj j mscs nlknojkcrms.
- ³Ml quî tmfpcrjbnkjk sm kjl bjs knvmr`mlonjs3
+ Ejy knvmr`mlonjs ml tckcs bcs pmrnckcs km tnmfpc,
kmskm : fnlutc ejstj : fms. Fnrj mlocltrî ulj
nfj`ml pjrj qum bj `ujrkms y sm tm ej`j fês dêonb

nkmltndnojr bjs knvmr`mlonjs.

- ^j bc mltmlkæ ml bjs knvmr`mlonjs sm cpmrjl ml

ocltrj tmlkmlonj.
+ Lc snmfprm yj qum ml jb`÷l fcfmltc
mlocltrjrjs knvmr`mlonjs j djvcr km tmlkmlonjs. [m
 [m bc mxpbnoc km ctrj dcrfj, bj knvmr`mlonj ms mb
kmsjoumrkc mltrm bcs nlknojkcrms y mb prmonc.
- Ejy jb`uljs vmoms qum mb prmonc ms ijgnstj y mb
nlknojkcr jbonstj bc qum sn`lndnoj qum mb prmonc nrj jb
jbzj.
-J vmoms mb prmonc ms jbonstj y mb nlknojkcr ijgnstj bc
qum sn`lndnoj qum mb prmonc nrj j bj ijgj. Qmrc ejy
jb`uljs cojsnclms kclkm mb prmonc mstê ymlkc j bj
ijgj y mb nlknojkcr suim kjlkc smújb km vmltj y jsæ
fnsfc ml bj ocfprj mb prmonc mstê ymlkc jbonstj y mb
nlknojkcr ijgnstj bc qum sn`lndnoj qum mb fmrojkc
sm`unrê suinmlkc.

* Gms÷s sm`uæj msorninmlkc tckc bc qum yc bm

mxpbnojij y bntmrjbfmltm mstjij ocl bj icoj jinmrtj,
y ul pcoc scrprmlknkc, jsæ qum bm rmocfmlkî
mlojrmonkjfmltm bmmr bc qum jojijij km msorniæ
scirm bjs knvmr`mlonjs y prjotnojrbjs bjs vmoms qum
dumsm lmomsjrnc ejstj qum puknmrj fjlmgjr mb tmfj
ocfc ul mxpmrtc.
 - _múcr Kcln ormc qum ms fuoej nldcrfjonÿl pcr
ecy, rm`rmsjrm fjújlj.
+ Qnmlsjs qum tml`c bjs 9; ecrjs kmb fulkc scbc
pjrj tn, sjims qum ulj km bjs ocsjs qum mb nlqunbnlc
ejom ml bj fmltm km bcs trjkmrs ms knstrjmrbcs ocl
fnbms km mxousjs pjrj qum jijlkclml bc qum mstêl
ejonmlkc m nlobusc mstuknjlkc.
* Ml msm fcfmltc Kcln sm tjpÿ bj icoj tjl dumrtm
qum j÷l bjs mloæjs km sus bjincs sjl`rjrcl jb smr
mstrmoejkjs dumrtmfmltm ocltrj sus knmltms.
- Mstj inml Kcln yc vnlm pjrj jprmlkmr jsæ qum
qunmrc sm`unr julqum fn ojimzj mstm mxpbctjlkc km

tjltj nldcrfjonÿl Gm, Gm, Gm.

+ Ch bj objsm km Fjok y Knvmr`mlonjs tmrfnlc.
 OJQÆ[]BC =
*Bjs 9 km bj tjrkm ejiæjl bbm`jkc y mrj tckjvæj rjrc
qum mb ecfirm sn`unmrj kurfnmlkc jsæ qum Gms÷s
pmlsÿ qum qunzês mb ecfirm jqumb lc ejiæj
kcrfnkc kurjltm tckj bj lcoem.
+ Jecrj vcy mlsmújrtm scirm bjs Ijlkjs km
Icbbnl`mr.
- ³Qjrj quî sm usjl bjs Ijlkjs km Icbbnl`mr3
+ Bjs ijlkjs km Icbbnl`mr scl usjkjs pjrj7
-Nkmltndnojr pmrnckcs km jbtj c ijgj vcbjtnbnkjk.
-Nkmltndnojr ojfincs km tmlkmlonj ml mb prmonc.
-Nkmltndnojr dcrtjbmzj c kminbnkjk ml bj tmlkmlonj kmb
prmonc. Ml fn mstrjtm`nj usc 9 tnpcs km II (Ms bj
jirmvnjonÿl km Ijlkjs km Icbbnl`mr) Bjs ijlkjs
ibjlojs y bj ijlkj jzub ocl rcgj. Jltms km
ocfmltjrtm qum dulonÿl tnmlml ml fn mstrjtm`nj tm
knrî jb`uljs ocsjs jb rmspmotc km bjs II. Dumrcl

kmsjrrcbbjkjs pcr Gcel Icbbnl`mr, bjs Ijlkjs km

Icbbnl`mr, c Icbbnl`mr Ijlks ml nl`bîs, fnkml bj
vcbjtnbnkjk kmb fmrojkc y prcpcroncljl ulj `rjl
ojltnkjk km nldcrfjonÿl fuy ÷tnb7
SOcltnlunkjk km tmlkmlonj c `nrc.
-Qmrnckcs km oclscbnkjonÿl km fmrojkcs.
-Qmrnckcs km nlfnlmltms rupturjs km jfpbnj
vcbjtnbnkjk.
-Qcsnibms fêxnfcs c fælnfcs km fmrojkc y
cigmtnvcs km prmonc pctmlonjb.
J bj smpjrjonÿl km bjs II kmb fmrojkc sm bms bbjfj
kmsvnjonÿl.

Jsæ ocfc bc vms ml bj nfj`ml bjs ijlkjs ibjlojs

scbc lcs ocldnrfjl bj fnsfj Nldcrfjonÿl qum lcs
prcpcronclj mb Fjok y mb Y_N.
- C smj qum mb trjijgc km bjs ijlkjs icbbnl`mr ms
ocldnrfjr bjs tmlkmlonjs, j vmr sn mltmlkæ inml7 _n mb
fmrojkc mstê suinmlkc mltcloms oujlkc trjspjsm
jb ctrc bjkc bjs ijlkjs ibjlojs sn`lndnoj ?0 qum
prcltc ejrê ul rmtcrlc c smj qum prcltc mb
fmrojkc ijgjrj lumvjfmltm.
+ Mb onmrrm km vmbjs dumrj km bjs Ijlkjs km Icbbnl`mr
scl smújbms km ocltnlunkjk y lc km nlvmrsnÿl pcr
mgmfpbc ml bj nfj`ml jltmrncr cismrvj bc qum ejom
mb prmonc ojkj vmz qum ulj vmbj onmrrj pcr mlonfj
km bj ijlkj ibjloj.
- _n, bc qum ejom ms ocltnlujr y bjs kmfês vmbjs
tjfinîl onmrrjl pcr mlonfj y mb prmonc ocltnl÷j.
³Mltcloms bj ijlkj rcgj qum ejom3
+ Bj ijlkj rcgj ocldnrfj mb pcsnibm dnl km bj
tmlkmlonj qum trjm bj ijlkj km icbbnl`mr jb fnsfc
tnmfpc qum ocldnrfj bcs pultcs jbtcs c sn ms bj
ijlkj jzub pums bcs pultcs ijgcs kmb Fjok y Y_N,
Gjfês tcfms scbc ocfc ocldnrfjonÿl bjs ijlkjs

snmfprm usj tckcs bcs oclsmgcs qum tm kn`c jquæ.

 OJQÆ[]BC 4
+ Ejy ocsjs qum qunzês lc smpjs km bcs nlknojkcrms
y ms qum mxnstml djfnbnjs ocfc pcr mgmfpbc bj
djfnbnj km bcs Nlknojkcrms vcbufml, csonbjkcrms y
tmlkmlonjbms ocfc bjs MFJ_.
- ³Qjrj quî snrvml bjs MFJ_3
+ Bjs Mfjs scl oclconkjs ocfc fmknjs fÿvnbms
scl ulj emrrjfnmltj km jlêbnsns tîolnoc qum
fumstrj mb prmonc fmknc km ul jotnvc ml ul
kmtmrfnljkc pmræckc pcr mgmfpbc ulj Mfj km :11
pmrnckcs bc qum ejom ms ulj bmoturj km bcs ÷btnfcs
:11 kæjs ml mb prmonc jb n`ujb sn dumsm km 911, =1 c
bcs pmrnckcs qum kmsmms bc ÷lnoc qum ejrê ms
kmtmrfnljr bj tmlkmlonj kmb prmonc ml ijsm j bcs
kæjs qum kmsmms, ml fn ojsc usc ulj Mfj km :11 y
911 pmrnckcs ml mb `rêdnoc km fn pbjtjdcrfj km
cponclms inljrnjs.

-Mfj
Cym ms
y ³Qcr quî bm knoml mfjs3 + Qcrqum bj pjbjirj
bj jirmvnjturj km Msojbj Fubtnknfmlsncljb
km Jsmrtnvnkjk (MFJ) Jecrj mltnmlkms pjrj qum
snrvm pums mb lcfirm fnsfc bc knom. Bj fmknj
fÿvnb (MFJ) ms ulc km bcs nlknojkcrms tîolnocs fês
ocf÷lfmltm usjkcs, y pcr ulj iumlj rjzÿl
-mb nlknojkcr ms j bj vmz snfpbm y mdmotnvc. Bj fmknj
fÿvnb sm ijsj ml bcs prmoncs pjsjkcs y pumkm smr
ojtm`crnzjkj ocfc ul nlknojkcr qum sn`um bj
tmlkmlonj. Ejy vjrncs tnpcs km MFJ7
-Fmknj fÿvnb snfpbm (_FJ)
-Fmknj fÿvnb mxpclmlonjb (MFJ)
-Fmknj fÿvnb sujvnzjkj (_FFJ)
-Qrcfmknc fÿvnb pclkmrjkc bnlmjb (BPFJ)
- ^ ³Ouêb ms bj kndmrmlonj mltrm msjs fmknjs3
+ _cl pcojs bjs kndmrmlonjs, fjycrfmltm scl ml bj
sujvnkjk ml mb prmonc y bmoturj ml tnmfpc pmrc
tckjs lcs irnlkjl ulj scbj nldcrfjonÿl
n ldcrfjonÿl qum ms pjrj
sjimr ouêb ms bj tmlkmlonj.
- Ch y ulj prm`ultj fês ³Qjrj quî snrvml ml bj
mstrjtm`nj bjs mfjs km :11 y 911 pmrnckcs3
+ [m bc mxpbnojrm tjl smlonbbc qum ejstj ul lnúc bc

mltmlkmræj y ms qum pcr fn mxpmrnmlonj em vnstc qum

snmfprm qum mb prmonc mstê bmgcs km bjs mfjs mb
fnsfc prmonc rm`rmsj kclkm mstêl bjs mfjs :11 c
911 jsæ qum bj dulonÿl qum tnmlml ml fn mstrjtm`nj
ms kmonrfm oujlkc mb prmonc mstjrê km ;1 vumbtj j
mbbjs, c smj qum sn tml`c ulj iumlj mltrjkj km
cpmrjonÿl ml mb Fjok y Ysn jpjrtm bjs II ibjlojs y
jzub c rcgjs tnmlml bj ocldnrfjonÿl yj smj km vmltj c
ocfprj pums bj cpmrjonÿl smræj mxntcsj, pmrc qum
pjsj sn fnrc qum bjs mfjs :11 c 911 mstêl bmgcs km
kclkm mstê mb prmonc INL@C!!! Jojic km vmr ulj
mxombmltm mltrjkj.
* Bcs cgcs ojdî csourc km Gms÷s irnbbjijl pcrqum mb
kæj km ecy ejiæj oclconkc fuoec fês km bc qum mb
nfj`nljij pmrc j÷l djbtjij ul pjr km ocsjs pcr
jprmlkmr y tjfinîl pclmr ml su bu`jr bjs nkmjs
bcojs y sumbtjs qum Gms÷s tmlæj ml su fmltm y objrc
c bj pmrsclj qum bm mstjij mlsmújlkc mrj ul
mxpmrtc ml msc.
 OJQÆ[]BC 0
* Mrjl bjs = km bj tjrkm y j÷l mb ecfirm ml jqumbbj
ejintjonÿl sm`uæj kurfnmlkc, jsæ qum Gms÷s sm
knspusc j prm`ultjrbm j Kcln sn mb ecfirm jqumb
mstjij fumrtc pmrc j÷l djbtjijl 9 tmfjs pcr
jprmlkmr.
+Mb tmfj qum vcy j mlsmújrtm jecrj Gms÷s ms ulc km
bcs fês nfpcrtjltms qum kmims oclcomr y qum sn
jpbnojs j bj mstrjtm`nj tm jsm`urc uljs kcomljs km
fnbms km kÿbjrms y scl bcs scpcrtms y rmsnstmlonjs.
-Mstuknm ul pcoc jb rmspmotc pmrc qunmrc sjimr km
quî fjlmrj bcs mltnmlkms t÷.
+ Iumlc, yj sjimfcs ijstjltm scirm tmlkmlonjs, ms
mb fcfmltc nkmjb pjrj mfpmzjr j mltmlkmr quî ms
ul scpcrtm y quî ulj rmsnstmlonj.
]l scpcrtm ms ulj zclj km octnzjonclms ml bcs qum
mb vjbcr kmgj km ijgjr y vumbvm j suinr. Mb oclomptc

cpumstc ms km rmsnstmlonj, qum ml bml`ujgm

pckmfcs kmonr qum ms ulj zclj km octnzjonclms ml tcsoc
bj qum mb prmonc kmgj km suinr
s uinr y mfpnmzj j ijgjr.
- Lc mltnmlkc fuy inml kjfm ul mgmfpbc.
+Mltmlknstm oujlkc mb Fjok y mb Y_N dcrfjl pnocs
ocltrjrncs jb fmrojkc j bcs qum bbjfjfcs
knvmr`mlonjs onmrtc3
- _n msc bc mltmlkæ.
*+ Qums ms n`ujb pcrqum pjrj qum sm dcrfm ul
scpcrtm c rmsnstmlonj ml mb fmrojkc kmim ejimr,
Iumlc fmgcr tm bc mlsmúc ml ulj nfj`ml
Fnrj qum pjrj qum smj scpcrtm tnmlm qum ejimr 9
pultcs qum sm oclmotml nlobusc fês y oujlkc ejy
fês km 9 pultcs bc qum sn`lndnoj ms qum mb prmonc
pumkm rmtrcomkmr jsæ ocfc bc vms ml bj nfj`ml.
- ³Msc ms tckc3

+ Objrc qum lc! ]l

oclomptc nfpcrtjltæsnfc km bcs scpcrtms y bjs
rmsnstmlonjs ms mb ojfinc km rcbms7 bcs scpcrtms y bjs
rmsnstmlonjs sm ojfinjl ml mb prcomsc km rcturj,
mstc ms, sn pcr mgmfpbc ul scpcrtm ms pmlmtrjkc sm
oclvnmrtm ml rmsnstmlonj pjrj bj sn`unmltm ocrrmoonÿl
y jb ocltrjrnc. Jecrj tm fumstrc bj nfj`ml ocfpbmtj
pjrj qum vmjs bjs rmsnstmlonjs y mb ojfinc km rcbms
qum tm kn`c
Oujlkc mb fmrojkc ej tcojkc fuoejs vmoms ul
scpcrtm pums msm tmrfnlj rcfpnmlkc msj bælmj y
oclvnrtnîlkcsm ml rmsnstmlonj, Bj rm`bj ms smlonbbj7

oujlkc ul scpcrtm ms oruzjkc j bj ijgj sm oclvnmrtm

ml rmsnstmlonj, ml pcojs pjbjirjs mb scpcrtm ms
oujlkc bj bælmj mstê kmijgc mb prmonc y bj rmsnstmlonj
ms oujlkc bj bælmj c vjrncs pnocs mstj mlonfj kmb
prmonc.
- Ms nltmrmsjltm c smj qum pumkc mlocltrjr y
fjrojr ocl ulj bælmj bcs scpcrtms y rmsnstmlonjs qum
smj qum vmj ml fn `rjdnoc km : fnlutc.
+ Mspmrj ul fcfmltc tm kjrî bj `uæj pjrj qum
fjrqums bcs _.Y. (Jirmvnjturj km scpcrtm y
rmsnstmlonj) Ocrrmotjfmltm. Bc prnfmrc qum kmims
ejomr ms ocbcojr mb `rêdnoc j ulj tmfpcrjbnkjk km :
ecrj y ocl ulj bælmj fjrojr bcs pcsnibms scpcrtms y
rmsnstmlonjs qum t÷ vmjs bum`c ejoms bc fnsfc ml ?1
fnlutcs pcr ÷btnfc bc ejoms ml = fnlutcs jsæ
tmlkrês ulj ocldnrfjonÿl fês pjrj oujlkc ej`js
tus mltrjkjs ocl bj mstrjtm`nj.
. Oujlkc mb fmrojkc mstî omroj km ul scpcrtm y ulj
rmsnstmlonj tu mltrjkj smrê j÷l fuoec fês mdmotnvj.
* Ocl ulj sclrnsj ml su rcstrc mb smúcr Gms÷s sm
mlocltrjij mfconcljkc pcrqum îb pmlsjij qum yj
sjiæj tckc scirm scpcrtms y rmsnstmlonjs julqum
pjrj smr snlomrcs lc oclcoæj ln snqunmrj mb 91% km
mstm tmfj.
+ Lc tm jbm`rms tjltc Gms÷s pcrqum j÷l djbtj ulc km
bcs tmfjs fês nfpcrtjltms j jprmlkmr ml scpcrtms
y rmsnstmlonjs. J fmlukc, mb prmonc pclkrê j ;=
prumij onmrtcs lnvmbms km scpcrtm y rmsnstmlonj
oujlkc mb prmonc tmrfnlj ocl vjrncs 1. Mstcs lnvmbms

sm kmlcfnljl "lnvmbms psnocbÿ`nocs" y ctrcs bcs

bbjfjl dn`urjs ocfpbmtjs. Bcs trjkmrs tnmlkml j
fcvmrsm jbrmkmkcr km bcs l÷fmrcs rmkclkcs, Ml
`mlmrjb, bcs lnvmbms psnocbÿ`nocs fês ocfulms
jpjrmoml oujlkc mb prmonc tnmlm kcs omrcs jb dnljb,
ocfc :.:511 c ::9.11. Fês pctmltms scl j÷l bcs
lnvmbms psnocbÿ`nocs qum tmrfnljl ocl trms omrcs,
ocfc :.9111 c ::1.11. Qmrc, bcs lnvmbms fês
pctmltms km tckcs scl jqumbbcs qum tnmlml oujtrc
omrcs, ocfc :1.111 c :11.11.
- Jecrj sæ qum fm pmrkæ.
+ _nmfprm qum t÷ ocbcojs ul scpcrtm y ulj
rmsnstmlonj lc bc mstês ocbcojlkc ml bcs pnocs qum tm
fumstrjl bjs vmbjs gjpclmsjs ml sæ, snlc qum bc
mstês ocbcojlkc ml mb prmonc jotujb y msm prmonc
jotujb bc mloumltrjs j bj crnbbj km bj pjltjbbj km tu
fmtj [rjkmr ;.
 Fuoecs trjkmrs ocfmtml mb mrrcr jb ocbcojr _ Y
mbbcs scbjfmltm fnrjl bcs pnocs quî sm dcrfjl ml
ul pmræckc kmtmrfnljkc km tnmfpc ml mb `rêdnoc
pmrc gjfês sm dngjl mb prmonc mxjotc ml mb oujb ocbcoj
ul scpcrtm y rmsnstmlonj.
Ejy trms lnvmbms bcs ml bcs oujbms sm dcrfjl
ocf÷lfmltm fuoecs scpcrtms y rmsnstmlonjs qum
scl bcs fês sm`urcs y scl bcs lnvmbms ?1, 51 y 1

_n tm dngjs ml msj nfj`ml jb bjkc kmrmoec

mlocltrjrês mb prmonc kmb fmrojkc, pumkms vmrbc ml
tu prcpnc fmtj [rjkmr ; y sn tm dngjs ml mscs lnvmbms
omrrjkcs pcr mgmfpbc :.:11, :.:11 y :.911 scl bcs
fmgcrms lnvmbms km scpcrtms y rmsnstmlonjs qum ejy
jeæ ml msj nfj`ml. Jecrj sæ ocbcojfcs fês
scpcrtms y rmsnstmlonjs qum tmrfnljl ml lnvmb ?1 y
lnvmbms 51 pums ejibmfcs fjrojkc bcs scpcrtms y
rmsnstmlonjs km fjlmrj ocrrmotj y ml ijsm j ul lnvmb
km prmonc ocrrmotc.
- Jecrj sæ qum yj fm mlocltrî Gm, Gm, Gm.
+ Lc tm prmcoupms sn snmltms qum ms kmfjsnjkc
ocltmlnkc ml bj prêotnoj bc jprmlkmrês fuy inml.
 OJQÆ[]BC 5
- Kcln jltms km qum ocltnl÷ms qunmrc ejomrtm ulj
prm`ultj
³Bjs dbmoejs y mb scb ml bj mstrjtm`nj Zuî sn`lndnoj3
+ Bj ÷lnoj dulonÿl tjltc km bjs dbmoejs ocfc bjs kmb
scb ms kmtmrfnljr y ocldnrfjr bcs lnvmbms km
scirmocfprj y scirmvmltj ml îb prmonc, mscs kcs
nlknojkcrms scbjfmltm ocldnrfjl bj nldcrfjonÿl
qum rmoniml kmb fmrojkc.
- Ch yj em mltmlknkc tckcs bcs nlknojkcrms, pmrc
ormc qum fm smrê kndæonb fjltmlmr jb tjltc tckj msj

nldcrfjonÿl ml ojkj cpmrjonÿl.

+ [rjlqunbc lc tm prmcoupms, bc qum vcy ejomr jecrj
ms pclmrbm crkml jb oclconfnmltc qum jojij km
jkqunrnr.
* Jb dclkc sm msouoeÿ mb sclnkc km bj rm`jkmrj jb
pjrmomr mb ecfirm jqumb ml bj ejintjonÿl ejiæj
kmspmrtjkc y Kcln jb msouoejr mb sclnkc ml bj
ejintjonÿl sm bm sjbtjrcl ul pcoc bcs cgcs y bcs
lmrvncs ocfmlzjrcl j rmocrrmr tckjs sus oîbubjs jsæ
qum sm knc prnsj ocl su jbuflc.
+ Jecrj tm mxpbnojrî mb pjsc j pjsc pjrj mb jlêbnsns
km bj mstrjtm`nj qum tm jojic km rm`jbjr mspmrc qum
yj ejyjs mltmlknkc tckcs bcs oclomptcs.
:) Qjrj ejomr ulj cpmrjonÿl j bj ocfprj c smj jb
jbzj, mb Y_N kmim mstjr ijgc mb lnvmb ?1 nlobusc sn mstê
ijgc mb lnvmb 91 c :1 bj ocldnrfjonÿl smrê fês dumrtm
yj qum vjfcs iusojlkc ulj cpmrjonÿl jb jbzj.
9) Mb FjoK pcr bÿ`noj tmlkrêl fuoejs bælmjs rcgjs
yj qum mb fmrojkc nrj j bj ijgj, jsæ qum jb dcrfjr mb
pnoc inml kmdnlnkc y omroj kmb lnvmb :11 kmb FjoK
mltcloms smrê ulj iumlj ocldnrfjonÿl pjrj mltrjr
jb mb fmrojkc.
?) [nmlm qum ejimr scirmpjsjkc bjs ijlkjs km
icbbnl`mr ocbcr ibjloc y tjfinîl bj ijlkj km
icbbnl`mr jzub pjrj ocfprj.
;) Kmim ejimr ul scb y ulj dbmoej ocldnrfjlkc bj
rmvmrsnÿl qum tmlkrê mb fmrojkc ocfc ulj
ocldnrfjonÿl bjs mfjs km :11 y 911 qum pmrnckcs
pumkml mstjr bmgcs kmb prmonc y msc fm kjrê fjycr

sm`urnkjk pjrj tcfjr ulj fmgcr mltrjkj.

=) _n bj cpmrjonÿl qum vjs j nltrckuonr j bj jbzj mb
rmtcrlc ms ul scpcrtm bjs prcijinbnkjkms km `jljr
jufmltjl ul :11%. Bc fnsfc suomkm ocl ulj
cpmrjonÿl ml vmltj c j bj ijgj7
:) Mb Y_N kmim mstjr pcr mlonfj km bcs lnvmbms 01, 51
c >1. ;>
9) Mb FjoK kmim tmlmr ul pnoc inml kmdnlnkc jb jbzj.
?) Mb prmonc kmim ejimr scirmpjsjkc j bjs ijlkjs
km icbbnl`mr ocbcr ibjloc y bj rcgj.
;) _n bj Mfj km :11 y 911 pmrnckcs mstê bmgcs ms ulj
iumlj
=) _n bj mltrjkj ms ml ulj rmsnstmlonj bj cpmrjonÿl
pumkm smr ul :11% fês mdmotnvj. [m kjrî jb`uljs
jkvmrtmlonjs rmoumrkj qum ml bjs ijlkj km
icbbnl`mr oujlkc bjs vmbjs onmrrjl pcr dumrj km bj
ijlkj sn`lndnoj qum ejirj ulj ocltnlujonÿl km
ocltnlujonÿl km tmlkmlonj, qunmrm kmonr qum bj
sn`unmltm vmbj tjfinîl omrrjrj pcr mlonfj mb
fmrojkc sm`unrê ymlkc jb jbzj c bj ijgj
kmpmlknmlkc bj tmlkmlonj. Qcr msc kmims km
mspmrjr bjs ocldnrfjonclms kmb FjoK, mb Y_N, bj
Ijlkj Ycgj y jzub pjrj kmtmrfnljr sn smrê ul iuml
trjkm. Gjfês fmtjs ulj cpmrjonÿl kclkm lc tml`js
tckjs bjs ocldnrfjonclms c j bj fjycræj km mbbjs
rmoumrkj tjfinîl bjs cpmrjonclms ocl knvmr`mlonjs
pums scl fuy dêonbms km usjr pmrc kmims tmlmr
fuoej pjonmlonj pjrj mspmrjr bjs mltrjkjs ocrrmotj
qunzês lc tml`js ml :11 mltrjkjs pmrc tmlkrês :1 c

= jb kæj fuy sm`urjs. Jecrj bîmfm lumvjfmltm bj

sn`unmltm nfj`ml ocl bc qum tm jojic
jo jic km mlsmúj

- Objrc qum sæ jecrj tml`c ulj vnsnÿl fês objrj. Ml

msj nfj`ml vmc fuoejs mltrjkjs kclkm mb prmonc ln
snqunmrj tcoÿ bjs ijlkjs ibjlojs y lc ejiæj ulj
ocldnrfjonÿl objrj ml bcs kmfês nlknojkcrms ulj
qum ctrj knvmr`mlonj pmrc ljkj Objrc bjs ÷lnojs 9
mltrjkjs iumlc ? qum vmc jeæ scl ocldnrfjkjs ocl
mb Y_N ml ul lnvmb 91 bj ctrj ml lnvmb ?1, tjfinîl scl
scl ocldnrfjkjs ocl mb fjok, bj Ijlkj Jzub, bj
ijlkj rcgj y mb scb y bj dbmoej jkmfês km bcs
scpcrtms y rmsnstmlonjs. ]lj quî ctrj ulj
knvmr`mlonj, pmrc tml`c tckjvæj ulj nlqunmtuk oÿfc
vcy j ejomr pjrj lc pmrkmr km vnstj tckcs bcs
nlknojkcrms y bjs nlstruoonclms qum t÷ fm mstês
kjlkc
+ [m kjrî mb sn`unmltm `rêdnoc y tm mxpbnojrm ocfc
usjrbc7

Nfprnfm bj tjibj c oÿpnjbj ml ulj ecgj, bjs rm`bjs

scl snfpbms. Ejy :: ocldnrfjkcrms y sn tnmlms fês
km ; nlknojkcrms ocldnrfjkcs y jb fmlcs :
ocldnrfjonÿl pbus mltcloms tu mltrjkj tmlkrê
fjycr pcromltjgm km îxntc y sn bbm`js j tmlmr bjs =
ocldnrfjonclms km bcs nlknojkcrms y 9
ocldnrfjkcrms pbus Inl`c!!!
Msj tjibj tm snrvm pjrj :9 cpmrjonclms pmrc t÷
pumkms ejomr ulj pjrj fuoejs fês, ojkj vmz qum
tml`js ulj cpmrjonÿl pcr kmbjltm fjroj ojkj
ojsnbbj km bjs ocldnrfjonclms qum tml`js y sn lc bjs
oufpbm tckjs kîgjbj pjsjr.
* Mb smúcr Gms÷s mstjij ocl bj jkrmljbnlj pcr bcs
onmbcs yj qum su fmltm sm ejiæj mxpjlknkc y jecrj
tmlæj mb JIO pjrj `jljr ml cponclms inljrnjs.
Nlknojkcr : 9 ? ; = 4 0 5 > :1 :: :9 Y_N FjoK II
Ibjloj Ijlkj Jzub Ijlkj Ycgj _cb Dbmoej
Ocldnrfjonclms Qbus - - - - - - - - - - - Knvmr`mlonjs
_cpcrtm Ymsnstmlonjs Y_N Ocbcrjkc
 OJQÆ[]BC >
* Mb smúcr Gms÷s ejiæj jprmlknkc bj mstrjtm`nj y
jecrj mstjij bnstc pjrj ocfmlzjr j prjotnojr y
qunzês `jljr ul pjr km kÿbjrms pmrc ul fnstmrnc lc
sm ejiæj rmsumbtc jsæ qum Gms÷s prm`ultc j Kcln.
- Qmrkclj fn nfprukmlonj pmrc kmskm qum mltrm ul
vjrÿl mstjij kurfnmlkc y ej pjsjkc tckc mb kæj lc
sî sn tuvc ulj fjbj lcoem, ms scbc fn ourncsnkjk km
sjimr ³Zunîl ms îb3
* Jltms km qum Kcln ejibjrj kmtrês kmb smúcr Gms÷s
sm pjrÿ ul ecfirm rmonîl kuoejkc, mb qum ejiæj

kcrfnkc tckc mb kæj, oujlkc mb ecfirm j qum fnrj

jb smúcr Gms÷s smltjkc ml bj cdnonlj ocl Kcln, mb
ecfirm `rntc.
--- Qmrc qum mstês ejonmlkc333
* Ojsn sm bm sjbæj mb ocrjzÿl j Kcln jb vmr qum mb
Nlqunbnlc ejiæj tcfjkc su dn`urj y ejiæj mstjkc
ejibjlkc ocl I tckc mb kæj. Ml su N`lcrjlonj Gms÷s
pmlsÿ qum Kcln tmlæj ul emrfjlc `mfmbc, pmrc lc
mrj jsæ. Mltcloms mb vmrkjkmrc kcln kngc jb nlqunbnlc7
+ Oujlkc tm oclcoæ enonfcs ul trjtc y ms qum tu
gjfês tcfjræjs fn dcrfj pjrj ejomrtm pjsjr ocfc
sn dumrjs yc fnsfc.
* Mb nlqunbnlc rmspclknÿ7 .. Objrc qum msm mrj mb trjtc
qum tu enonstm pmrc sî qum bc sjims yc scy ulj
pmrsclj qum lc cimkmzoc bjs rm`bjs km ljknm ln
snqunmrj bjs tuyjs.
* Knrn`nmlkc su fnrjkj j Gms÷s mb vmrkjkmrc Kcln bm
prm`ultc7
+ ³Zuî dum bc qum tm ej knoec3
- Qums fm mlsmúc tckj tu mstrjtm`nj, yc vnlm pcrqum
t÷ fm nlvntjstm ecy y pums jprmlkæ fuoec.
+ Mstjs sm`urc qum scbc dum fn mstrjtm`nj3.. Objrc lc
bm mlsmúm ljkj fês.
* Mb smúcr Gms÷s mstjij turijkc y ocldulknkc pcr
qum fnrjij j kcs pmrscljs n`ujbms c smj kcs Kclns.
+ Ijstj yj nlqunbnlc tm crkmlc
c rkmlc tcfjr tu dcrfj rmjb.
* Oujlkc Kcln kngc jsæ nlstjltêlmjfmltm mb Kcln
djbsc qum bm ejiæj mlsmújkc tjltc j Gms÷s sm

oclvnrtnÿ =; ml ulj mspmonm km eufc qum

bmltjfmltm mltrc ml bj ojimzj km Kcln. Fjrocs mb
qum msorniæj yj sm ejiæj kmsfjyjkc ejom ocfc :=
pcr mb tmrrcr qum rmonîl ejiæj vnstc. Mb smúcr Gms÷s
pcr su pjrtm tmlæj ulj kukj7
- ³Mb nlqunbnlc ms ul kmfclnc3
+ Ormc qum ms ulj mspmonm km kmfclnc fmltjb qum
tmlmfcs tckcs bcs trjkmrs.
- Zunmrm kmonr qum ecy mstuknm ocl ul kmfclnc.
+ Ormc qum mstuknjstm ocl mb jbfj qum fumvm mb
fmrojkc dnljlonmrc, mb mlojr`jkc km ejomr pmrkmr
fnbbclms km kÿbjrms knjrncs. _cbc tmfc qum lc ejyj
kmgjkc ljkj ml tu fmltm qum pumkj jdmotjrtm j bj
ecrj km cpmrjr.
* Ocl bj vcz qumirjkj y ul fnmkc qum rmocrræj
tckcs bcs eumscs km Gms÷s prm`ultc7
- _múcr Kcln ³Zuî ej snkc tckc mstc3
+ Mb nlqunbnlc ms ojpjz km trjlsdcrfjrsm ml
oujbqunmr pmrsclj. Îb vnvm ml bj fmltm km tckcs bcs
trjkmrs, bc oclcoæ mb kæj qum mltrm jb fulkc kmb ==
trjknl` m enom ulj prcfmsj ml bj qum gjfês mb ejræj
km fn pmrsclj ctrc smr y jymr fnmltrjs kmsojlsjij
km ulj fuy iumlj cpmrjtnvj qum tuvm, smltæ kmsmcs
km vmr ulj smrnm km :1 ojpætubcs y bj tmrfnlm ocfc j
bjs 5 km bj fjújlj jsæ qum fm jocstî y kcrfæ tckc
mb kæj, ejstj qum kmspmrtî y fm kn oumltj qum mb
nlqunbnlc nlkugc tckc msc ml fn pjrj knstrjmrfm km
fn prcpÿsntc ecy. Zunmrc qum smpjs Gms÷s qum mb
nlqunbnlc gjfês kmsmjrj qum `jlms ml bcs fmrojkcs,
jsæ qum vm j tu ojsj y rmvnsj tckc bc qum
jprmlknkc yj qum sm`÷l vmc joê ml tu ocfputjkcrjejs
îb tm mlsmúc tckc fuy inml.
- ³Oÿfc dum pcsnibm qum mb fm mlsmújrj tckc tu
fjtmrnjb3
+ Mb nlqunbnlc oclcom bj fmltm km tckcs bcs trjkmrs
ml mb fulkc jsæ qum oclcom tckc ml fæ… Iumlc
Gms÷s ms tnmfpc km qum tm vjbbjs y pcr djvcr vmltm j
vnvnr j fn mkndnonc jsæ mstjrî fjs omroj km tn pjrj
jyukjrtm.
* Kcln lc sjiæj bj rjzÿl kmb pcrqum mb nlqunbnlc
ejiæj emoec tjb ocsj jsæ qum kmonknÿ nlvntjr j Gms÷s j
vnvnr j su mkndnonc km ?? pnscs ocbcoêlkcbc ml mb pnsc
l÷fmrc ? y ojkj vmz qum Gms÷s suinmrj ul lnvmb
Kcln bm kjræj ulj ejintjonÿl ml mb pnsc sn`unmltm.
Bj Jotujbnkjk
* J÷l sm`uæj Kcln fnrjlkc pcr bj vmltjlj mb
furfubbc km pmrscljs y ul ojkêvmr rmonîl ojækc
kmb onmbc, jsæ pjsc bcs prÿxnfcs :1 fnlutcs Kcln
ejstj qum Fjrocs enzc 9 prm`ultjs.
±Kcln ³Oÿfc sjims qum bjs pmrscljs lc sm sunonkjl
snlc qum ejy jb`unml qum bjs bjlzj kmb pnsc ??3
+ Lc snmfprm scl kmb pnsc ?? pmrc sî qum lc sm
sunonkjl pcrqum em vnstc qunml bcs jsmsnlj.
± Ch fm sur`ml 9 kukjs ³Zunîl bcs bjlzj3 ^ ³Zunîl
ms bj pmrsclj qum jojijl km fjtjr3
* Kcln oclcoæj jfijs rmspumstjs jsæ qum ejibc…
+± Objrc
Fjrocs bbjfj j bj smúcrntj Dm.
smúcr bm kn`c qum vml`j vmrkjk.
+ Knbm qum Kcln bj lmomsntj pjrj ejomr mb vnjgm qum bm
prcfmtnÿ ejom ulcs júcs.
* Bj smúcrntj dm ocltmstc mb tmbîdclc y ml 9 ecrjs
mstjij ml bj pumrtj kmb mkndnonc. =0 Kcln bj fnrc j
bcs cgcs y bm kngc j Dm
+ Zunmrc oclcomr tckc bc qum mb nlqunbnlc fm ej
coubtjkc, mlsîújfm j kcfnljrbc km ulj vmz pcr
tckjs, sî qum t÷ mrms bj ÷lnoj ojpjz.
* Dm sclrnÿ pcrqum scbc lmomsntjij km ul ecfirm
knspumstc j usjrbj pjrj kmstrunr jb nlqunbnlc jsæ qum
tcfjlkc pcr bj fjlc j Kcln bm kngc…